Avista Corp. is exposed to market risks relating to changes in electricity and natural gas commodity prices and certain other fuel prices. Market risk is, in general, the risk of fluctuation in the market price of the commodity being traded and is influenced primarily by supply and demand. Market risk includes the fluctuation in the market price of associated derivative commodity instruments. Avista Corp. utilizes derivative instruments, such as forwards, futures, swap derivatives and options in order to manage the various risks relating to these commodity price exposures. Avista Corp. has an energy resources risk policy and control procedures to manage these risks.

As part of Avista Corp.'s resource procurement and management operations in the electric business, the Company engages in an ongoing process of resource optimization, which involves the economic selection from available energy resources to serve Avista Corp.'s load obligations and the use of these resources to capture available economic value through wholesale market transactions. These include sales and purchases of electric capacity and energy, fuel for electric generation, and derivative contracts related to capacity, energy and fuel. Such transactions are part of the process of matching resources with load obligations and hedging a portion of the related financial risks. These transactions range from terms of intra-hour up to multiple years.

As part of its resource procurement and management of its natural gas business, Avista Corp. makes continuing projections of its natural gas loads and assesses available natural gas resources including natural gas storage availability. Natural gas resource planning typically includes peak requirements, low and average monthly requirements and delivery constraints from natural gas supply locations to Avista Corp.'s distribution system. However, daily variations in natural gas demand can be significantly different than monthly demand projections. On the basis of these projections, Avista Corp. plans and executes a series of transactions to hedge a portion of its projected natural gas requirements through forward market transactions and derivative instruments. These transactions may extend as much as three natural gas operating years (November through October) into the

Avista Corp. plans for sufficient natural gas delivery capacity to serve its retail customers for a theoretical peak day event. Avista Corp. generally has more pipeline and storage capacity than what is needed during periods other than a peak day. Avista Corp. optimizes its natural gas resources by using market opportunities to generate economic value that helps mitigate fixed costs. Avista Corp. also optimizes its natural gas storage capacity by purchasing and storing natural gas when prices are traditionally lower, typically in the summer, and withdrawing during higher priced months, typically during the winter. However, if market conditions and prices indicate that Avista Corp. should buy or sell natural gas during other times in the year, Avista Corp. engages in optimization transactions to capture value in the marketplace. Natural gas optimization activities include, but are not limited to, wholesale market sales of surplus natural gas supplies, purchases and sales of natural gas to optimize use of pipeline and storage capacity, and participation in the transportation capacity release market.



	Purchases				Sales
	Electric Derivatives		Gas Derivatives		Electric Derivatives		Gas Derivatives
Year	Physical (1) MWh	Financial (1) MWh	Physical (1) mmBTUs	Financial (1) mmBTUs	Physical (1) MWh	Financial (1) MWh	Physical (1) mmBTUs	Financial (1) mmBTUs
2020	2	442	9,813	78,803	133	1,724	2,984	37,848
2021	—	—	153	25,523	—	246	1,040	13,108
2022	—	—	225	4,725	—	—	—	675



	Purchases				Sales
	Electric Derivatives		Gas Derivatives		Electric Derivatives		Gas Derivatives
Year	Physical (1) MWh	Financial (1) MWh	Physical (1) mmBTUs	Financial (1) mmBTUs	Physical (1) MWh	Financial (1) MWh	Physical (1) mmBTUs	Financial (1) mmBTUs
2019	206	941	10,732	101,293	197	2,790	2,909	54,418
2020	—	—	1,138	47,225	123	959	1,430	14,625
2021	—	—	—	9,670	—	—	1,049	4,100

The electric and natural gas derivative contracts above will be included in either power supply costs or natural gas supply costs during the period they are delivered and will be included in the various deferral and recovery mechanisms (ERM, PCA, and PGAs), or in the general rate case process, and are expected to be collected through retail rates from customers.

A significant portion of Avista Corp.'s natural gas supply (including fuel for power generation) is obtained from Canadian sources. Most of those transactions are executed in U.S. dollars, which avoids foreign currency risk. A portion of Avista Corp.’s short-term natural gas transactions and long-term Canadian transportation contracts are committed based on Canadian currency prices and settled within 60 days with U.S. dollars. Avista Corp. hedges a portion of the foreign currency risk by purchasing Canadian currency exchange derivatives when such commodity transactions are initiated. The foreign currency exchange derivatives and the unhedged foreign currency risk have not had a material effect on Avista Corp.’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows and these differences in cost related to currency fluctuations are included with natural gas supply costs for ratemaking.

Avista Corp. is affected by fluctuating interest rates related to a portion of its existing debt, and future borrowing requirements. Avista Corp. hedges a portion of its interest rate risk with financial derivative instruments. These financial derivative instruments are considered economic hedges against fluctuations in future cash flows associated with anticipated debt issuances.



Balance Sheet Date	Number of Contracts	Notional Amount	Mandatory Cash Settlement Date
December 31, 2019	7	70,000	2020
	3	35,000	2021
	10	110,000	2022
December 31, 2018	6	70,000	2019
	6	60,000	2020
	2	25,000	2021
	7	80,000	2022

The fair value of outstanding interest rate swap derivatives can vary significantly from period to period depending on the total notional amount of swap derivatives outstanding and fluctuations in market interest rates compared to the interest rates fixed by the swaps. Avista Corp. is required to make cash payments to settle the interest rate swap derivatives when the fixed rates are higher than prevailing market rates at the date of settlement. Conversely, Avista Corp. receives cash to settle its interest rate swap derivatives when prevailing market rates at the time of settlement exceed the fixed swap rates.



	Fair Value
Derivative and Balance Sheet Location	Gross Asset		Gross Liability			Collateral Netting		Net Asset (Liability) on Balance Sheet
Foreign currency exchange derivatives
Other current assets	$	97	$	—		$	—	$	97
Interest rate swap derivatives
Other current assets	589		—			—		589
Other current liabilities	238		(9,379		)	1,316		(7,825		)
Other non-current liabilities and deferred credits	725		(24,677		)	5,454		(18,498		)
Energy commodity derivatives
Other current assets	416		(245		)	—		171
Other property and investments-net and other non-current assets	6,369		(5,446		)	—		923
Other current liabilities	34,760		(41,241		)	3,378		(3,103		)
Other non-current liabilities and deferred credits	28		(1,215		)	—		(1,187		)
Total derivative instruments recorded on the balance sheet	$	43,222	$	(82,203	)	$	10,148	$	(28,833	)



	Fair Value
Derivative and Balance Sheet Location	Gross Asset		Gross Liability			Collateral Netting		Net Asset (Liability) on Balance Sheet
Foreign currency exchange derivatives
Other current liabilities	$	—	$	(45	)	$	—	$	(45	)
Interest rate swap derivatives
Other current assets	5,283		—			—		5,283
Other property and investments-net and other non-current assets	5,283		(440		)	—		4,843
Other non-current liabilities and deferred credits	—		(7,391		)	530		(6,861		)
Energy commodity derivatives
Other current assets	400		(130		)	—		270
Other current liabilities	31,457		(73,155		)	37,790		(3,908		)
Other non-current liabilities and deferred credits	4,426		(21,292		)	13,427		(3,439		)
Total derivative instruments recorded on the balance sheet	$	46,849	$	(102,453	)	$	51,747	$	(3,857	)

Avista Corp.'s derivative contracts often require collateral (in the form of cash or letters of credit) or other credit enhancements, or reductions or terminations of a portion of the contract through cash settlement. In the event of a downgrade in Avista Corp.'s credit ratings or changes in market prices, additional collateral may be required. In periods of price volatility, the level of exposure can change significantly. As a result, sudden and significant demands may be made against Avista Corp.'s credit facilities and cash. Avista Corp. actively monitors the exposure to possible collateral calls and takes steps to mitigate capital requirements.



	2019		2018
Energy commodity derivatives
Cash collateral posted	$	7,812	$	78,025
Letters of credit outstanding	17,400		6,500
Balance sheet offsetting (cash collateral against net derivative positions)	3,378		51,217

Interest rate swap derivatives
Cash collateral posted	6,770		530
Balance sheet offsetting (cash collateral against net derivative positions)	6,770		530

Certain of Avista Corp.’s derivative instruments contain provisions that require the Company to maintain an "investment grade" credit rating from the major credit rating agencies. If Avista Corp.’s credit ratings were to fall below “investment grade,” it would be in violation of these provisions, and the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing collateralization on derivative instruments in net liability positions.

The following table presents the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position and the amount of additional collateral Avista Corp. could be required to post as of December 31 (in thousands):



	2019		2018
Energy commodity derivatives
Liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent features	$	814	$	2,193
Additional collateral to post	814		2,193

Interest rate swap derivatives
Liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent features	34,056		7,831
Additional collateral to post	26,912		6,579