Retirement Plans

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2019

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Retirement Plans

(6) Retirement Plans

We sponsor programs that provide retirement benefits to most of our employees. These programs include defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution plans and postretirement healthcare plans. Key terms of our retirement plans are provided in our Annual Report.

Our retirement plans costs for the periods ended November 30 were as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Defined benefit pension plans, net	$	37	$	29	$	74	$	57
Defined contribution plans		136		133		278		277
Postretirement healthcare plans		21		18		43		37
	$	194	$	180	$	395	$	371

Net periodic benefit cost of the pension and postretirement healthcare plans for the periods ended November 30 included the following components (in millions):

	Three Months Ended
	U.S. Pension Plans						International Pension Plans						Postretirement Healthcare Plans
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	192		$	172		$	24		$	25		$	10	$	8
Other retirement plans (income) expense:
Interest cost		250			238			11			12			11		10
Expected return on plan assets		(401	)		(376	)		(13	)		(12	)		—		—
Amortization of prior service credit and other		(25	)		(30	)		(1	)		—			—		—
		(176	)		(168	)		(3	)		—			11		10
	$	16		$	4		$	21		$	25		$	21	$	18
	Six Months Ended
	U.S. Pension Plans						International Pension Plans						Postretirement Healthcare Plans
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019		2018
Service cost	$	384		$	344		$	48		$	49		$	21	$	17
Other retirement plans (income) expense:
Interest cost		500			476			22			25			22		20
Expected return on plan assets		(801	)		(753	)		(26	)		(24	)		—		—
Amortization of prior service credit and other		(52	)		(59	)		(1	)		(1	)		—		—
		(353	)		(336	)		(5	)		—			22		20
	$	31		$	8		$	43		$	49		$	43	$	37

We made voluntary contributions to our U.S. Pension Plans of $1.0 billion during the first half of 2020 and $500 million during the first half of 2019.

During the second quarter of 2020, we announced the closing of our U.S.-based defined benefit pension plans to new non-union employees hired on or after January 1, 2020. We will introduce an all 401(k) plan retirement benefit structure for eligible employees with a higher company match of up to 8% across all U.S.-based operating companies. During 2020, current eligible employees under the Portable Pension Account (PPA) pension formula will be given a one-time option to continue to be eligible for pension compensation credits under the existing PPA formula and remain in the existing 401(k) plan with its match of up to 3.5%, or to cease receiving compensation credits under the pension plan and move to the new 401(k) plan with the higher match of up to 8%. Changes to the new 401(k) plan structure become effective beginning January 1, 2021. While this new program will provide employees greater flexibility and reduce our long-term pension costs, it will not have a material impact on current or near-term financial results.