GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company reorganized its operations in the first quarter of 2018 into the following six operating segments for the purpose of making operating decisions and assessing performance: Kaplan International, Higher Education, Test Preparation, Professional (U.S.), Television Broadcasting and Healthcare (see Note 16). The reorganization changed the composition of the reporting units within the education division, and resulted in the reassignment of the assets and liabilities to the reporting units affected. The goodwill was allocated to the affected reporting units using the relative fair value approach. As a result of the reassignment and allocation, the Company performed an interim review of the carrying value of goodwill at the education division for possible impairment on both a pre and post-reorganization basis. No impairment of goodwill was indicated at the pre- and post-reorganization reporting units.

In the second quarter of 2017, as a result of a challenging operating environment, the Forney reporting unit recorded a goodwill and other long-lived asset impairment charge of $9.2 million. The Company performed an interim review of the goodwill and other long-lived assets of the reporting unit by utilizing a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value. The carrying value of the reporting unit exceeded the estimated fair value, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeded the reporting unit’s estimated fair value. Forney is included in other businesses.

Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $11.4 million and $10.5 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $21.8 million and $17.4 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $22 million for the remainder of 2018, $42 million in 2019, $39 million in 2020, $34 million in 2021, $28 million in 2022 and $72 million thereafter.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, were as follows:



(in thousands)	Education			Television Broadcasting		Healthcare		Other Businesses			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017
Goodwill	$	1,171,812		$	190,815	$	69,409	$	233,825		$	1,665,861
Accumulated impairment losses	(350,850		)	—		—		(15,301		)	(366,151		)
	820,962			190,815		69,409		218,524			1,299,710
Acquisitions	9,629			—		—		—			9,629
Dispositions	(11,191		)	—		—		—			(11,191		)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(17,791		)	—		—		—			(17,791		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018
Goodwill	1,132,760			190,815		69,409		233,825			1,626,809
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151		)	—		—		(15,301		)	(346,452		)
	$	801,609		$	190,815	$	69,409	$	218,524		$	1,280,357

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill at the Company’s education division were as follows:



(in thousands)	Kaplan International			Higher Education			Test Preparation			Professional (U.S.)			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017
Goodwill	$	615,861		$	205,494		$	166,098		$	184,359		$	1,171,812
Accumulated impairment losses	—			(131,023		)	(102,259		)	(117,568		)	(350,850		)
	615,861			74,471			63,839			66,791			820,962
Acquisitions	26			—			473			9,130			9,629
Dispositions	—			(11,191		)	—			—			(11,191		)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(17,690		)	(40		)	—			(61		)	(17,791		)
Balance as of June 30, 2018
Goodwill	598,197			174,564			166,571			193,428			1,132,760
Accumulated impairment losses	—			(111,324		)	(102,259		)	(117,568		)	(331,151		)
	$	598,197		$	63,240		$	64,312		$	75,860		$	801,609

Other intangible assets consist of the following:



		As of June 30, 2018						As of December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Useful Life Range	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
Student and customer relationships	2–10 years (1)	$	261,312	$	98,381	$	162,931	$	260,464	$	83,690	$	176,774
Trade names and trademarks	2–10 years	64,110		27,708		36,402		50,286		25,596		24,690
Network affiliation agreements	10 years	17,400		2,538		14,862		17,400		1,668		15,732
Databases and technology	3–6 years	24,197		7,416		16,781		19,563		5,008		14,555
Noncompete agreements	2–5 years	1,093		687		406		930		467		463
Other	1–8 years	13,430		8,215		5,215		13,430		7,668		5,762
		$	381,542	$	144,945	$	236,597	$	362,073	$	124,097	$	237,976
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Trade names and trademarks		$	81,494					$	82,745
FCC licenses		18,800						18,800
Licensure and accreditation		150						650
		$	100,444					$	102,195

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(1)	As of December 31, 2017, the student and customer relationships’ minimum useful life was 1 year.