-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, LIaL3xsfh5x+h94Tpt98Q6T458WW9WHFInSV3Qld16hnjIYiQkxmc6ld2CT2gBJP P2MsM1CqUcGwMKlygJS5/g== 0001193125-10-041516.txt : 20100226 0001193125-10-041516.hdr.sgml : 20100226 20100226060452 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-10-041516 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 11 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20091231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20100226 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20100226 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001048477 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834] IRS NUMBER: 680397820 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-26727 FILM NUMBER: 10636012 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 105 DIGITAL DRIVE CITY: NOVATO STATE: CA ZIP: 94949 BUSINESS PHONE: 4155066700 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 105 DIGITAL DRIVE CITY: NOVATO STATE: CA ZIP: 94949 10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


Form 10-K


(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009

Or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  For the transition period from                     to                     .

 

Commission file number: 000-26727

 


 

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

(Exact name of registrant issuer as specified in its charter)

 


 

Delaware   68-0397820
(State of other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

105 Digital Drive,

Novato, California

  94949
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (415) 506-6700

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $.001 par value   The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Preferred Share Purchase Rights    

 

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 


 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ¨    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained in this form, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  ¨    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 101,131,358 shares common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding as of February 17, 2010. The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2009 was $758.5 million.

 

The documents incorporated by reference are as follows:

 

Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 12, 2010, are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 



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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC.

 

2009 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Part I

    

Item 1.

  

Business

   1

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

   16

Item 1B.

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

   32

Item 2.

  

Properties

   32

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   33

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security-Holders

   33

Part II

    

Item 5.

  

Market for Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   34

Item 6.

  

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

   36

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   38

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

   56

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   58

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   58

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   58

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

   59

Part III

    

Item 10.

  

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   60

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   60

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   60

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

   60

Item 14.

  

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

   60

Part IV

    

Item 15.

  

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

   60

SIGNATURES

   66

 

BioMarin®, Naglazyme® and Kuvan® are our registered trademarks and Firdapse is our common law trademark. Aldurazyme® is a registered trademark of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC. All other brand names and service marks, trademarks and other trade names appearing in this report are the property of their respective owners.


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Part I.

 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” as defined under securities laws. Many of these statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “projects,” “continues,” “estimates,” “potential,” “opportunity” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements may be found in “Risk Factors,” “Business,” and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results or experience could differ significantly from the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed in “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully consider that information before you make an investment decision.

 

You should not place undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. These cautionary statements should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements after completion of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this annual report. In addition to the other information in this Annual Report Form 10-K, investors should carefully consider the following discussion and the information under “Risk Factors” when evaluating us and our business.

 

Item 1. Business

 

Overview

 

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (BioMarin, we, us or our) develops and commercializes innovative pharmaceuticals for serious diseases and medical conditions. We select product candidates for diseases and conditions that represent a significant unmet medical need, have well-understood biology and provide an opportunity to be first-to-market or offer a significant benefit over existing products. Our product portfolio is comprised of four approved products and multiple investigational product candidates. Approved products include Naglazyme (galsulfase), Kuvan (sapropterin dihydrochloride) tablets, Aldurazyme (laronidase) and Firdapse (amifampridine phosphate).

 

We are conducting clinical trials on several investigational product candidates for the treatment of genetic diseases including: GALNS, an enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IV or Morquio Syndrome Type A, or MPS IV A, PEG-PAL, an enzyme substitution therapy for the treatment of phenylketonurics that are not responsive to Kuvan, and a small molecule for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In September 2009, we initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate PEG-PAL in patients with Phenylketonuria, or PKU. Results from this clinical trial are expected in the third quarter of 2010. In the first half of 2009, we initiated a phase 1/2 clinical trial of GALNS for the treatment of MPS IV A. We have completed enrollment in this clinical trial and expect to report initial results from this clinical trial in the first half of 2010. In January 2010, we initiated a Phase 1 trial of our small molecule for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Initial top-line results from this trial are expected in the third quarter of 2010.

 

We are conducting preclinical development of several other enzyme product candidates for genetic and other metabolic diseases, including BMN-185, an IgA protease for IgA nephropathy, and BMN-103, a glucosidase for Pompe disease.

 

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A summary of our various commercial products and major development programs, including key metrics as of December 31, 2009, is provided below:

 

Program


  Indication

  Orphan
Drug
Designation

  Stage

  2009
Total Net
Product
Revenues
(in millions)


  2009
Research &
Development
Expense
(in millions)


Naglazyme

  MPS VI (1)   Yes   Approved   $ 168.7   $ 9.8

Aldurazyme (2)

  MPS I (3)   Yes   Approved   $ 70.2   $ 1.3

Kuvan

  PKU (4)   Yes   Approved   $ 76.8   $ 11.5

Firdapse (5)

  LEMS (6)   Yes   Approved in the
European
Union only
    N/A   $ 0.5

GALNS for Morquio Syndrome Type A

  MPS IVA   Yes   Clinical     N/A   $ 17.7

PEG-PAL

  PKU   Yes   Clinical     N/A   $ 11.2

BMN-195 for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

  DMD (7)   Not yet
determined
  Clinical     N/A   $ 3.4

(1) Mucopolysaccharidosis VI, or MPS VI.
(2) The Aldurazyme total product revenue noted above is the total product revenue recognized by us in accordance with the terms of our restructured agreement with Genzyme Corporation (Genzyme). See “Commercial Products—Aldurazyme” below for further discussion.
(3) Mucopolysaccharidosis I, or MPS I.
(4) Phenylketonuria, or PKU.
(5) Marketing approval from the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) for Firdapse was granted in December 2009. We expect to begin sales of Firdapse in the European Union in March 2010.
(6) Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, or LEMS.
(7) Phase 1 clinical trial initiated in January 2010.

 

Recent Developments

 

Acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

 

On October 20, 2009, BioMarin entered into a stock purchase agreement with Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Huxley, and the stockholders of Huxley to acquire all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Huxley. Huxley had the rights to a proprietary form of 3,4-diaminopyridine, or 3,4-DAP, amifampridine phosphate, which we have branded as Firdapse, for the rare autoimmune disease Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, or LEMS. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, on October 23, 2009, we purchased all of the capital stock of Huxley for an upfront cash payment to the stockholders of Huxley of $15.0 million and an additional $1.0 million upon receipt of U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, orphan drug designation for Firdapse in LEMS, and will pay an additional $6.5 million to the Huxley stockholders for final EMEA approval of Firdapse in LEMS granted in December 2009. Additionally, Huxley stockholders are eligible to receive up to approximately $36.0 million in milestone payments if certain annual, cumulative sales and U.S. development milestones are met.

 

Firdapse Marketing Approval in the European Union and Orphan Drug Designation in the U.S.

 

In December 2009, the EMEA granted marketing approval for 3,4-DAP for LEMS. We will sell our proprietary form of 3,4-DAP under the brand name Firdapse. Firdapse, which was developed by AGEPS, the pharmaceutical unit of the Paris Public Hospital Authority, or AP-HP, and sublicensed from EUSA Pharma SAS, or EUSA, is the first approved treatment for LEMS, thereby conferring orphan drug protection and providing ten years of market exclusivity in Europe. We expect to begin sales of Firdapse in the European Union, or EU in March of 2010. We also announced in November 2009 that the FDA

 

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had granted orphan drug designation for Firdapse. We plan to meet with the FDA in the first half of 2010 to determine the regulatory path for Firdapse in the U.S.

 

Acquisition of LEAD Therapeutics, Inc.

 

On February 4, 2010, we announced that we entered into a stock purchase agreement with LEAD Therapeutics, Inc., or LEAD, and the stockholders of LEAD to acquire all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of LEAD. LEAD is a small private drug discovery and early stage development company with a key compound LT-673, an orally available poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for the treatment of patients with some genetically defined cancers. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, on February 10, 2010, we purchased all of the capital stock of LEAD for an upfront cash payment to the stockholders of LEAD of $18.0 million and will pay the stockholders an additional $11.0 million upon acceptance of the investigational new drug application, or IND filing expected by the end of 2010 and up to $68.0 million for development and launch milestones for LT-673, which we now refer to as BMN-673.

 

Commercial Products

 

Naglazyme

 

Naglazyme is a recombinant form of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B) indicated for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis VI, or MPS VI. MPS VI is a debilitating life-threatening genetic disease for which no other drug treatment currently exists and is caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B), an enzyme normally required for the breakdown of certain complex carbohydrates known as glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs. Patients with MPS VI typically become progressively worse and experience multiple severe and debilitating symptoms resulting from the build-up of carbohydrate residues in all tissues in the body. These symptoms include: inhibited growth, spinal cord compression, enlarged liver and spleen, joint deformities and reduced range of motion, skeletal deformities, impaired cardiovascular function, upper airway obstruction, reduced pulmonary function, frequent ear and lung infections, impaired hearing and vision, sleep apnea, malaise and reduced endurance.

 

Naglazyme was granted marketing approval in the U.S. in May 2005 and in the EU in January 2006. Naglazyme has been granted orphan drug status in the U.S. and the EU, which confers seven years of market exclusivity in the U.S. and ten years of market exclusivity in the EU for the treatment of MPS VI, expiring in 2012 and 2016, respectively. However, different drugs can be approved for the same condition and even the same active ingredient can be approved for the same condition if the new product has a better safety or efficacy profile than Naglazyme. We market Naglazyme in the U.S., EU, Latin America, Turkey, and parts of the Middle East and North Africa using our own sales force and commercial organization. Additionally, we use local distributors in several other countries to help us pursue registration and/or market Naglazyme on a named patient basis. Naglazyme net product sales for 2009 totaled $168.7 million, as compared to $132.7 million for 2008. Naglazyme net product sales for 2007 were $86.2 million.

 

Kuvan

 

Kuvan is a proprietary synthetic oral form of 6R-BH4, a naturally occurring enzyme co-factor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, or PAH, indicated for patients with PKU. Kuvan is the first drug for the treatment of PKU, which is an inherited metabolic disease that affects at least 50,000 diagnosed patients under the age of 40 in the developed world. We believe that approximately 30-50% of those with PKU could benefit from treatment with Kuvan. PKU is caused by a deficiency of activity of an enzyme, PAH, which is required for the metabolism of phenylalanine, or Phe. Phe is an essential amino acid found in all protein-containing foods. Without sufficient quantity or activity of PAH, Phe accumulates to abnormally high levels in the blood, resulting in a variety of serious neurological complications, including severe mental retardation and brain damage, mental illness, seizures and other cognitive problems.

 

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Kuvan was granted marketing approval for the treatment of PKU in the U.S. in December 2007. We market Kuvan in the U.S. using our own sales force and commercial organization. Kuvan has been granted orphan drug status in the U.S., which confers seven years of market exclusivity in the U.S for the treatment of PKU, expiring in 2014. Kuvan net product sales for 2009 were $76.8 million, as compared to $46.7 million for 2008. Kuvan net product sales for the two-week period after approval and launch in December 2007 were $0.4 million.

 

In July 2008, we announced that Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Daiichi Sankyo, received marketing approval from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare for a label extension of biopterin (sapropterin dihydrochloride), which contains the same active ingredient as Kuvan in the U.S., for the treatment of patients with PKU. We received a milestone payment of $1.5 million for this marketing approval and are receiving double-digit royalties on net sales of biopterin for the PKU indication in Japan under an exclusive license that we entered into with Asubio in September 2007 for data and intellectual property contained in the Kuvan new drug application.

 

In May 2005, we entered into an agreement with Merck Serono for the further development and commercialization of Kuvan (and any other product containing 6R-BH4) and PEG-PAL for PKU. Through the agreement, as amended in 2007, Merck Serono acquired exclusive rights to market these products in all territories outside the U.S., Canada and Japan, and we retained exclusive rights to market these products in the U.S. and Canada. We and Merck Serono currently share equally all development costs following successful completion of Phase 2 clinical trials for each product candidate in each indication. On December 9, 2008, we announced that Merck Serono had received marketing approval in the EU for Kuvan for the treatment of PKU. We earned a $30.0 million milestone payment from Merck Serono in the fourth quarter of 2008 as a result of the approval of Kuvan in the EU. The commercial launch of Kuvan in the EU took place in second quarter of 2009. Over the next several years, we expect to receive from Merck Serono a royalty of approximately 4% on net sales of Kuvan in the EU. We also sell Kuvan to Merck Serono at near cost, and Merck Serono resells the product to end-users outside the U.S., Canada and Japan. The royalty earned from Kuvan product sold by Merck Serono in the EU is included as a component of net product revenues in the period earned. In 2009, we earned $0.3 million in net royalties on net sales of $6.9 million of Kuvan in the EU. We recorded collaborative agreement revenue associated with Kuvan in the amounts of $2.4 million in 2009, $38.9 million in 2008 and $28.3 million in 2007.

 

Aldurazyme

 

Aldurazyme has been approved for marketing in the U.S., EU and other countries for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I, or MPS I. MPS I, a progressive and debilitating life-threatening genetic disease for which no other drug treatment currently exists, is caused by the deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase, a lysosomal enzyme normally required for the breakdown of GAGs. Patients with MPS I typically become progressively worse and experience multiple severe and debilitating symptoms resulting from the build-up of carbohydrate residues in all tissues in the body. These symptoms include: inhibited growth, delayed and regressed mental development (in the severe form), enlarged liver and spleen, joint deformities and reduced range of motion, impaired cardiovascular function, upper airway obstruction, reduced pulmonary function, frequent ear and lung infections, impaired hearing and vision, sleep apnea, malaise and reduced endurance.

 

Aldurazyme has been granted orphan drug status in the U.S. and the EU, which gives Aldurazyme seven years of market exclusivity in the U.S. and ten years of market exclusivity in the EU for the treatment of MPS I, expiring in 2010 and 2013, respectively. However, different drugs can be approved for the same condition and even the same active ingredient can be approved for the same condition if the new product has a better safety or efficacy profile than Aldurazyme. We developed Aldurazyme through a 50/50 joint venture with Genzyme Corporation. Prior to the restructuring of our collaboration with Genzyme in January 2008, as discussed below, we were responsible for product development, manufacturing and U.S. regulatory submissions while Genzyme was responsible for sales, marketing, distribution, obtaining reimbursement for Aldurazyme worldwide and international regulatory submissions.

 

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On January 3, 2008, we announced the restructuring of our relationship with Genzyme, regarding the manufacturing, marketing and sale of Aldurazyme. Under the previous 50/50 structure, each company shared 50% of the expense associated with the product and received 50% of the profit through its interest in the joint venture.

 

Effective January 1, 2008, Genzyme, the joint venture limited liability company founded by Genzyme and BioMarin (the LLC) and we amended and restated our collaboration agreement. The LLC no longer engages in commercial activities related to Aldurazyme and its sole activities are to (1) hold the intellectual property relating to Aldurazyme and other collaboration products and license all such intellectual property on a royalty-free basis to us and Genzyme to allow us to exercise our rights and perform our obligations under the agreements related to the restructuring, and (2) engage in research and development activities that are mutually selected and funded by Genzyme and us. Genzyme and we license rights related to Aldurazyme to the LLC, and the LLC sublicenses these rights to Genzyme and us such that each may perform our obligations under the restructuring agreements. Pursuant to a Members Agreement entered into by Genzyme, the LLC and us related to the restructuring, in February 2008 the LLC distributed cash and inventory to us and cash, accounts receivable and certain other assets and liabilities to Genzyme, such that the fair value of the net assets distributed to us and to Genzyme was equivalent to both parties according to the terms of the restructuring. The value of the assets, including cash and inventory, that we received was $43.5 million.

 

As a result, Genzyme records sales of Aldurazyme and is required to pay us, on a quarterly basis, a 39.5% to 50% royalty on worldwide net product sales. In addition, we recognize product transfer revenue when product is released to Genzyme and all of our obligations have been fulfilled. Genzyme’s return rights for Aldurazyme are limited to defective product. The product transfer revenue represents the fixed amount per unit of Aldurazyme that Genzyme is required to pay us if the product is unsold by Genzyme. The amount of product transfer revenue will eventually be deducted from the calculated royalty when the product is sold by Genzyme.

 

Aldurazyme net product revenues totaled $70.2 million for 2009, as compared to $72.5 million for 2008. The net product revenues for 2009 and 2008 include $61.8 million and $60.1 million, respectively, of royalty revenue on net Aldurazyme sales by Genzyme. Royalty revenue from Genzyme is based on 39.5% to 44.0% of net Aldurazyme sales by Genzyme, which totaled $155.1 million for 2009 and $151.3 million for 2008. Incremental Aldurazyme net product transfer revenue of $8.4 million and $12.4 million for 2009 and 2008, respectively, reflect incremental shipments of Aldurazyme to Genzyme to meet future product demand. In the future, to the extent that Genzyme Aldurazyme inventory quantities on hand remain consistent, we expect that our total Aldurazyme revenues will approximate the 39.5% to 50% royalties on net product sales by Genzyme.

 

Firdapse

 

We acquired the rights to Firdapse in October 2009 by acquiring Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. See “Recent Developments—Acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.” above for further discussion. Firdapse, a proprietary form of 3,4-DAP (amifampridine phosphate) was developed by AGEPS, the pharmaceutical unit of the Paris Public Hospital Authority, or AP-HP, and sublicensed by Huxley from EUSA in April 2009. Firdapse was granted marketing approval in the EU in December 2009. In addition, Firdapse has been granted orphan drug status for the treatment of LEMS in the EU, which confers ten years of market exclusivity in the EU. We expect to begin sales of Firdapse in the EU in March of 2010.

 

LEMS is a rare autoimmune disease with the primary symptoms of muscle weakness. Muscle weakness in LEMS is caused by autoantibodies to voltage gated calcium channels leading to a reduction in the amount of acetylcholine released from nerve terminals. The prevalence of LEMS is estimated at four to ten per million, or approximately 2,000 to 5,000 patients in the EU and 1,200 to 3,100 patients in the U.S. Approximately 50% of LEMS patients diagnosed have small cell lung cancer. Patients with LEMS typically present with fatigue, muscle pain and stiffness. The weakness is generally more marked in the proximal muscles particularly of the legs and trunk. Other problems include reduced reflexes, drooping of the eyelids, facial weakness and problems with

 

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swallowing. Patients often report a dry mouth, impotence, constipation and feelings of light headedness on standing. On occasion these problems can be life threatening when the weakness involves respiratory muscles. A diagnosis of LEMS is generally made on the basis of clinical symptoms, electromyography testing and the presence of auto antibodies against voltage gated calcium channels. Current treatment of LEMS can consist of strategies directed at the underlying malignancy, if one is present. Unfortunately, therapy of small cell lung cancer is limited and outcomes are generally poor. Immunosuppressive agents have been tried but success is limited by toxicity and difficulty administering the regimens. A mainstay of therapy has been 3,4-DAP, but its use in practice has been limited by the drug’s availability.

 

Products in Clinical Development

 

We are also developing GALNS, an enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of MPS IV A. In November 2008, we announced the initiation of a clinical assessment program for patients with MSP IVA Syndrome. We initiated a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of GALNS in the first half of 2009. The Phase 1/2 study is designed as an open-label, within-patient dose escalation trial in approximately 20 patients followed by a treatment continuation phase. During the dose escalation phase of the study, subjects will receive weekly intravenous infusions of GALNS in three consecutive 12-week dosing intervals. The objectives of the Phase 1/2 study will be to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics and to identify the optimal dose of GALNS for future studies. We have completed enrollment in this clinical trial and expect to report initial results in the first half of 2010.

 

PEG-PAL is an investigational enzyme substitution therapy. It is being developed as a subcutaneous injection and is intended for those patients with PKU that do not respond to Kuvan. In preclinical models, PEG-PAL produced a rapid, dose-dependent reduction in blood phenylalanine, or Phe, levels, the same endpoint that was used in the Kuvan studies. In May 2008, we initiated a Phase 1 open-label, single-dose, dose-escalation clinical trial of PEG-PAL for PKU. The primary objective of the study was to assess the safety and tolerability of a single, subcutaneous injection of PEG-PAL in patients with PKU that do not respond to Kuvan. The secondary objectives of the study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of single, subcutaneous injections of PEG-PAL administered at escalating doses and to evaluate the effect of PEG-PAL on Phe concentrations in subjects with PKU. Clinical results were announced in June 2009. Significant reductions in blood Phe levels were observed in all patients in the fifth dosing cohort of the Phase 1 trial. In addition, there were no serious immune reactions observed and mild to moderate injection-site reactions were in line with our expectations. In September 2009, we initiated a Phase 2, open-label dose finding clinical trial of PEG-PAL. The primary objective of this clinical trial is to optimize the dose and schedule that produces the most favorable safety profile and Phe reduction. The secondary objectives of the clinical trial are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple dose levels of PEG-PAL, to evaluate the immune response to PEG-PAL, and to evaluate steady-state phamacokinetics in all patients and accumulation of PEG-PAL in a subset of patients enrolled in this clinical trial. We expect clinical trial results in the third quarter of 2010.

 

We are developing a small molecule for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and initiated a clinical trial in January 2010. This study is a Phase 1, single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-dose escalation trial followed by a multiple-dose escalation study of our product administered orally in healthy volunteers. The primary objective is to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of our product in healthy volunteers, and enable subsequent studies in patients with DMD. We expect to receive the initial top-line results from this trial in the third quarter of 2010.

 

Manufacturing

 

We manufacture Naglazyme and Aldurazyme, which are both recombinant enzymes, in our approved Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, production facility located in Novato, California. Vialing and packaging are performed by contract manufacturers. We believe that we have ample operating capacity to support the commercial demand of both Naglazyme and Aldurazyme through at least the next five years.

 

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Our facilities have been licensed by the FDA, the European Commission and health agencies in other countries for the commercial production of Aldurazyme and Naglazyme. Our facilities and those of any third-party manufacturers will be subject to periodic inspections confirming compliance with applicable law. Our facilities must be GMP certified before we can manufacture our drugs for commercial sales.

 

Kuvan is manufactured on a contract basis by a third party. There are two approved manufacturers of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, for Kuvan. Firdapse is manufactured on a contract basis by a third party. There is one approved manufacturer of the API for Firdapse.

 

In general, we expect to continue to contract with outside service providers for certain manufacturing services, including final product vialing and packaging operations for our recombinant enzymes and API production and tableting for Kuvan and Firdapse. Third-party manufacturers’ facilities are subject to periodic inspections to confirm compliance with applicable law and must be GMP certified. We believe that our current agreements with third-party manufacturers and suppliers provide for ample operating capacity to support the anticipated commercial demand for Kuvan and Firdapse. In certain instances, there is only one approved contract manufacturer for certain aspects of the manufacturing process. In such cases, we attempt to prevent disruption of supplies through supply agreements, maintaining safety stock and other appropriate strategies. Although we have never experienced a disruption in supply from our contract manufacturers, we cannot provide assurance that we will not experience a disruption in the future.

 

Raw Materials

 

Raw materials and supplies required for the production of our products and product candidates are available, in some instances from one supplier, and in other instances, from multiple suppliers. In those cases where raw materials are only available through one supplier, such supplier may be either a sole source (the only recognized supply source available to us) or a single source (the only approved supply source for us among other sources). We have adopted policies to attempt, to the extent feasible, to minimize our raw material supply risks, including maintenance of greater levels of raw materials inventory and implementation of multiple raw materials sourcing strategies, especially for critical raw materials. Although to date we have not experienced any significant delays in obtaining any raw materials from our suppliers, we cannot provide assurance that we will not face shortages from one or more of them in the future.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

We have established a commercial organization to support our product lines directly in the U.S., Europe, Latin America and Turkey. For other selected markets, we have signed agreements with other companies to act as distributors of Naglazyme. Most of these agreements generally grant the distributor the right to market the product in the territory and the obligation to secure all necessary regulatory approvals for commercial or named patient sales. Additional markets are being assessed at this time and additional agreements may be signed in the future. We maintain a relatively small sales force in the U.S. that markets Naglazyme and Kuvan and in the EU that markets Naglazyme and will market Firdapse. We believe that the size of our sales force is appropriate to effectively reach our target audience in markets where Naglazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse are directly marketed. We utilize third-party logistics companies to store and distribute Naglazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse.

 

Genzyme has the exclusive right to distribute, market and sell Aldurazyme globally and is required to purchase its requirements exclusively from us.

 

Customers

 

Our Naglazyme and Kuvan customers include a limited number of specialty pharmacies and end-users, such as hospitals, which act as retailers. We also sell Naglazyme to our authorized European distributors and to certain larger pharmaceutical wholesalers, which act as intermediaries between us and end-users and generally do not

 

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stock quantities of Naglazyme. During 2009, 49% of our net Naglazyme and Kuvan product revenues were generated by three customers. Genzyme is our sole customer for Aldurazyme and is responsible for marketing and selling Aldurazyme to third-parties.

 

Despite the significant concentration of customers, the demand for Naglazyme and Kuvan is driven primarily by patient therapy requirements and we are not dependent upon any individual distributor with respect to Naglazyme or Kuvan sales. Due to the pricing of Naglazyme and Kuvan and the limited number of patients, the specialty pharmacies and wholesalers generally carry a very limited inventory, resulting in sales of Naglazyme and Kuvan being closely tied to end-user demand. In the EU, hospital customers are generally serviced by an authorized distributor, which is our primary customer in the EU.

 

Competition

 

The biopharmaceutical industry is rapidly evolving and highly competitive. The following is a summary analysis of known competitive threats for each of our major product programs:

 

Naglazyme, Aldurazyme and GALNS for Morquio Syndrome Type A (MPS IV A)

 

We know of no active competitive program for enzyme replacement therapy for MPS VI, MPS I or MPS IV A that has entered clinical trials. However, we know of one other company that has a preclinical competitive product for MPS IV A. It is our understanding that this company has suspended its development efforts for technical and financial reasons.

 

Bone marrow transplantation has been used to treat severely affected patients, generally under the age of two, with some success. Bone marrow transplantation is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates as well as with problems inherent in the procedure itself, including graft vs. host disease, graft rejection and donor availability, which limits its utility and application. There are other developing technologies that are potential competitive threats to enzyme replacement therapies. However, we know of no such technology that has entered clinical trials related to MPS VI, MPS I or MPS IV A.

 

Kuvan and PEG-PAL

 

There are currently no other approved drugs for the treatment of PKU. PKU is commonly treated with a medical food diet that is highly-restrictive and unpalatable. We perceive medical foods as a complement to Kuvan and PEG-PAL and not a significant competitive threat. Dietary supplements of large neutral amino acids, LNAA, have also been used in the treatment of PKU. This treatment may be a competitive threat to Kuvan and PEG-PAL. However, because LNAA is a dietary supplement, the FDA has not evaluated any claims of efficacy of LNAA.

 

With respect to Kuvan, we are aware of one other company that produces forms of 6R-BH4, or BH4, for sale outside of Japan, and that BH4 has been used in certain instances for the treatment of PKU. We do not believe, but cannot know for certain, that this company is currently actively developing BH4 in sponsored trials as a drug product to treat PKU in the U.S. or EU. Although a significant amount of specialized knowledge and resources would be required to develop and commercially produce BH4 as a drug product to treat PKU in the U.S. and EU, this company may build or acquire the capability to do so. Additionally, we are aware that another company is developing an oral enzyme therapy to treat PKU; however, we understand that the therapy is in an early stage of preclinical development.

 

Firdapse and LEMS

 

There are no other approved drugs for the treatment of LEMS. Current options rely on intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapherisis and/or immuno suppressant drugs. In some countries, 3,4 DAP is available, as a

 

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base, through various compounding pharmacies or as a special or magistral formulation. Firdapse is the only approved version of 3,4 DAP. One other Aminopyridine, 4AP, is under development by another pharmaceutical company. However, this is for the treatment of fatigue associated with Multiple Sclerosis. The role of 4AP in LEMS is unproven and uncertain.

 

Patents and Proprietary Rights

 

Our success depends on an intellectual property portfolio that supports our future revenue streams and also erects barriers to our competitors. We are maintaining and building our patent portfolio through: filing new patent applications; prosecuting existing applications; licensing and acquiring new patents and patent applications; and enforcing our issued patents. Furthermore, we seek to protect our ownership of know-how, trade secrets and trademarks through an active program of legal mechanisms including registrations, assignments, confidentiality agreements, material transfer agreements, research collaborations and licenses.

 

The number of our issued patents now stands at approximately 172, including approximately 35 patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, USPTO. Furthermore, our portfolio of pending patent applications totals approximately 402 applications, including approximately 60 pending U.S. applications.

 

With respect to Naglazyme, we have five issued patents, including a U.S. patent that covers our ultrapure N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase compositions of Naglazyme, methods of treating deficiencies of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase, including MPS VI, and methods of producing and purifying such ultrapure N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase compositions. A second U.S. patent covers the use of any recombinant human N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase to treat MPS VI at approved doses.

 

With respect to Kuvan and BH4, we own or have licensed a number of patents and pending patent applications that relate generally to formulations and forms of our drug substance, methods of use for various indications under development and dosing regimens. We have three issued U.S. patents with claims to a stable tablet formulation of BH4, methods of treating PKU using a once daily dosing regimen and administration of Kuvan with food.

 

We have 19 issued patents, including six U.S. patents, related to Aldurazyme. These patents cover our ultra-pure alpha-L-iduronidase composition of Aldurazyme, methods of treating deficiencies of alpha-L-iduronidase by administering pharmaceutical compositions comprising such ultra-pure alpha-L-iduronidase, a method of purifying such ultra-pure alpha-L-iduronidase and the use of compositions of ultra-pure biologically active fragments of alpha-L-iduronidase. Three U.S. patents on alpha-L-iduronidase are owned by an affiliate of Women’s and Children’s Hospital Adelaide. We have examined such issued U.S. patents, the related U.S. and foreign applications and their file histories, the prior art and other information. Corresponding foreign applications were filed in Canada, Europe and Japan. The European application was rejected and abandoned and cannot be re-filed. After a failure to timely file a court challenge to the Japanese Board of Appeals’ decision upholding the final rejection of all claims in the corresponding Japanese application, the Japanese application has also lapsed and cannot be re-filed. Claims in the related Canadian application have recently issued. We believe that such patents may not survive a challenge to patent validity. However, the processes of patent law are uncertain and any patent proceeding is subject to multiple unanticipated outcomes. We believe that it is in the best interest of our joint venture with Genzyme to market Aldurazyme with commercial diligence, in order to provide MPS I patients with the benefits of Aldurazyme. We believe that these patents and patent applications do not affect our ability to market Aldurazyme in Europe.

 

Government Regulation

 

We operate in a highly regulated industry, which is subject to significant federal, state, local and foreign regulation. Our present and future business has been, and will continue to be, subject to a variety of laws including, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, or FDC Act, the Medicaid rebate program, the Veterans Health Care Act of 1992 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act, among others.

 

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The FDC Act and other federal and state statutes and regulations govern the testing, manufacture, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of our products. As a result of these laws and regulations, product development and product approval processes are very expensive and time consuming.

 

FDA Approval Process

 

In the U.S., pharmaceutical products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA. The FDC Act and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products. Failure to comply with applicable U.S. requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to approve pending new drug applications, or NDAs, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution.

 

Pharmaceutical product development in the U.S. typically involves preclinical laboratory and animal tests, the submission to the FDA of a notice of claimed investigational exemption or an IND, which must become effective before clinical testing may commence, and adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of the drug for each indication for which FDA approval is sought. Satisfaction of FDA pre-market approval requirements typically takes many years and the actual time required may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product or disease.

 

Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation, as well as animal trials to assess the characteristics and potential pharmacology and toxicity of the product. The conduct of the preclinical tests must comply with federal regulations and requirements, including good laboratory practices. The results of preclinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND along with other information, including information about product chemistry, manufacturing and controls and a proposed clinical trial protocol. Long term preclinical tests, such as animal tests of reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, may continue after the IND is submitted.

 

A 30-day waiting period after the submission of each IND is required prior to the commencement of clinical testing in humans. If the FDA has not objected to the IND within this 30-day period, the clinical trial proposed in the IND may begin.

 

Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator. Clinical trials must be conducted in compliance with federal regulations, good clinical practices, or GCP, as well as under protocols detailing the objectives of the trial, the parameters to be used in monitoring safety and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each protocol involving testing on U.S. patients and subsequent protocol amendments must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND.

 

The FDA may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time or impose other sanctions if it believes that the clinical trial is not being conducted in accordance with FDA requirements or presents an unacceptable risk to the clinical trial patients. The study protocol and informed consent information for patients in clinical trials must also be submitted to an institutional review board, or IRB, for approval. An IRB may also require the clinical trial at the site to be halted, either temporarily or permanently, for failure to comply with the IRB’s requirements, or may impose other conditions.

 

Clinical trials to support NDAs for marketing approval are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. In Phase 1, the initial introduction of the drug into healthy human subjects or patients, the drug is tested to assess metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological actions, side effects associated with increasing doses and, if possible, early evidence on effectiveness. Phase 2 usually involves trials in a limited patient population, to determine the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication or

 

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indications, dosage tolerance and optimum dosage, and to identify common adverse effects and safety risks. If a compound demonstrates evidence of effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile in Phase 2 evaluations, Phase 3 trials are undertaken to obtain the additional information about clinical efficacy and safety in a larger number of patients, typically at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites, to permit the FDA to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the drug. After completion of the required clinical testing, an NDA is prepared and submitted to the FDA. FDA approval of the NDA is required before marketing of the product may begin in the U.S. The NDA must include the results of all preclinical, clinical and other testing and a compilation of data relating to the product’s pharmacology, chemistry, manufacture and controls.

 

The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the agency’s threshold determination that it is sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review. The FDA has agreed to certain performance goals in the review of NDAs. Most such applications for non-priority drug products are reviewed within ten months. The review process may be extended by the FDA for three additional months to consider new information submitted during the review or clarification regarding information already provided in the submission. The FDA may also refer applications for novel drug products or drug products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it generally follows such recommendations. Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless compliance with current good manufacturing practices or cGMPs, is satisfactory and the NDA contains data that provide substantial evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.

 

After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing facilities, it issues an approval letter, or a complete response letter. A complete response letter outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional testing or information in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. If and when those deficiencies have been addressed in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will re-initiate review. If it is satisfied that the deficiencies have been addressed, the FDA will issue an approval letter. The FDA has committed to reviewing such resubmissions in two or six months depending on the type of information included. It is not unusual, however, for the FDA to issue a complete response letter because it believes that the drug is not safe enough or effective enough or because it does not believe that the data submitted are reliable or conclusive.

 

An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications. As a condition of NDA approval, the FDA may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug’s safety or efficacy and may impose other conditions, including labeling restrictions which can materially affect the potential market and profitability of the drug. Once granted, product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing.

 

The Hatch-Waxman Act

 

In seeking approval for a drug through an NDA, applicants are required to list with the FDA each patent with claims that cover the applicant’s product or FDA approved method of using this product. Upon approval of a drug, each of the patents listed in the application for the drug is then published in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the Orange Book. Drugs listed in the Orange Book can, in turn, be cited by potential competitors in support of approval of an abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA. An ANDA provides for marketing of a drug product that has the same active ingredients in the same strengths and dosage form as the listed drug and has been shown through bioequivalence testing to be therapeutically equivalent to the listed drug. ANDA applicants are not required to conduct or submit results of

 

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pre-clinical or clinical tests to prove the safety or effectiveness of their drug product, other than the requirement for bioequivalence testing. Drugs approved in this way are commonly referred to as “generic equivalents” to the listed drug, and can often be substituted by pharmacists under prescriptions written for the original listed drug.

 

The ANDA applicant is required to certify to the FDA concerning any patents listed for the approved product in the FDA’s Orange Book. Specifically, the applicant must certify that: (i) the required patent information has not been filed; (ii) the listed patent has expired; (iii) the listed patent has not expired, but will expire on a particular date and approval is sought after patent expiration; or (iv) the listed patent is invalid or will not be infringed by the new product. A certification that the new product will not infringe the already approved product’s listed patents or that such patents are invalid is called a Paragraph IV certification. If the applicant does not challenge the listed patents, the ANDA application will not be approved until all the listed patents claiming the referenced product have expired.

 

If the ANDA applicant has provided a Paragraph IV certification to the FDA, the applicant must also send notice of the Paragraph IV certification to the NDA and patent holders once the ANDA has been accepted for filing by the FDA. The NDA and patent holders may then initiate a patent infringement lawsuit in response to the notice of the Paragraph IV certification. The filing of a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of the receipt of a Paragraph IV certification automatically prevents the FDA from approving the ANDA until the earlier of 30 months, expiration of the patent, settlement of the lawsuit or a decision in the infringement case that is favorable to the ANDA applicant.

 

The ANDA application also will not be approved until any non-patent exclusivity, such as exclusivity for obtaining approval of a new chemical entity, listed in the Orange Book for the referenced product has expired. Federal law provides a period of five years following approval of a drug containing no previously approved active moiety, during which ANDAs for generic versions of those drugs cannot be submitted unless the submission contains a Paragraph IV challenge to a listed patent, in which case the submission may be made four years following the original product approval. Federal law provides for a period of three years of exclusivity following approval of a listed drug that contains previously approved active ingredients but is approved in a new dosage form, route of administration or combination, or for a new use, the approval of which was required to be supported by new clinical trials conducted by or for the sponsor, during which the FDA cannot grant effective approval of an ANDA based on that listed drug.

 

Other Regulatory Requirements

 

Once an NDA is approved, a product will be subject to certain post-approval requirements. For instance, the FDA closely regulates the post-approval marketing and promotion of drugs, including standards and regulations for direct-to-consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet.

 

Drugs may be marketed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling. Changes to some of the conditions established in an approved application, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, require submission and FDA approval of a new NDA or NDA supplement before the change can be implemented. An NDA supplement for a new indication typically requires clinical data similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses the same procedures and actions in reviewing NDA supplements as it does in reviewing NDAs.

 

Adverse event reporting and submission of periodic reports is required following FDA approval of an NDA. The FDA also may require post-marketing testing, known as Phase 4 testing, risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, and surveillance to monitor the effects of an approved product or place conditions on an approval that could restrict the distribution or use of the product. In addition, quality control as well as drug manufacture, packaging, and labeling procedures must continue to conform to cGMPs after approval. Drug manufacturers and certain of their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state

 

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agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA during which the agency inspects manufacturing facilities to access compliance with cGMPs. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the areas of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMPs. Regulatory authorities may withdraw product approvals or request product recalls if a company fails to comply with regulatory standards, if it encounters problems following initial marketing, or if previously unrecognized problems are subsequently discovered.

 

Pediatric Information

 

Under the Pediatric Research Equity Act of 2007, or PREA, NDAs or supplements to NDAs must contain data to assess the safety and effectiveness of the drug for the claimed indications in all relevant pediatric subpopulations and to support dosing and administration for each pediatric subpopulation for which the drug is safe and effective. The FDA may grant deferrals for submission of data or full or partial waivers. Unless otherwise required by regulation, PREA does not apply to any drug for an indication for which orphan drug designation has been granted.

 

Accelerated Approval

 

Under the FDA’s accelerated approval regulations, the FDA may approve a drug for a serious or life-threatening illness that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit to patients over existing treatments based upon a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. In clinical trials, a surrogate endpoint is a measurement of laboratory or clinical signs of a disease or condition that substitutes for a direct measurement of how a patient feels, functions or survives. Surrogate endpoints can often be measured more easily or more rapidly than clinical endpoints. A drug candidate approved on this basis is subject to rigorous post-marketing compliance requirements, including the completion of Phase 4 or post-approval clinical trials to confirm the effect on the clinical endpoint. Failure to conduct required post-approval studies, or confirm a clinical benefit during post-marketing studies, will allow the FDA to withdraw the drug from the market on an expedited basis. All promotional materials for drug candidates approved under accelerated regulations are subject to prior review by the FDA.

 

Fast Track Designation

 

The FDA is required to facilitate the development and expedite the review of drugs that are intended for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening condition for which there is no effective treatment and which demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs for the condition. Under the fast track program, the sponsor of a new drug candidate may request that the FDA designate the drug candidate for a specific indication as a fast track drug concurrent with or after the filing of the IND for the drug candidate. The FDA must determine if the drug candidate qualifies for fast track designation within 60 days of receipt of the sponsor’s request.

 

In addition to other benefits such as the ability to use surrogate endpoints and have greater interactions with the FDA, the FDA may initiate review of sections of a fast track drug’s NDA before the application is complete. This rolling review is available if the applicant provides and the FDA approves a schedule for the submission of the remaining information and the applicant pays applicable user fees. However, the FDA’s time period goal for reviewing an application does not begin until the last section of the NDA is submitted. Additionally, the fast track designation may be withdrawn by the FDA if the FDA believes that the designation is no longer supported by data emerging in the clinical trial process.

 

Priority Review

 

Under the FDA policies, a drug candidate is eligible for priority review, or review within a six-month time frame from the time a complete NDA is submitted, if the drug candidate provides a significant improvement

 

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compared to marketed drugs in the treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a disease. A fast track designated drug candidate would ordinarily meet the FDA’s criteria for priority review.

 

Section 505(b)(2) New Drug Applications

 

Most drug products obtain FDA marketing approval pursuant to an NDA or an ANDA. A third alternative is a special type of NDA, commonly referred to as a Section 505(b)(2) NDA, which enables the applicant to rely, in part, on the FDA’s finding of safety and efficacy data for an existing product, or published literature, in support of its application.

 

Section 505(b)(2) NDAs often provide an alternate path to FDA approval for new or improved formulations or new uses of previously approved products. Section 505(b)(2) permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. The applicant may rely upon certain preclinical or clinical studies conducted for an approved product. The FDA may also require companies to perform additional studies or measurements to support the change from the approved product. The FDA may then approve the new product candidate for all or some of the label indications for which the referenced product has been approved, as well as for any new indication for which the Section 505(b)(2) NDA applicant has submitted data.

 

To the extent that the Section 505(b)(2) applicant is relying on prior FDA findings of safety and efficacy, the applicant is required to certify to the FDA concerning any patents listed for the approved product in the Orange Book to the same extent that an ANDA applicant would. Thus, approval of a Section 505(b)(2) NDA can be delayed until all the listed patents claiming the referenced product have expired, until any non-patent exclusivity, such as exclusivity for obtaining approval of a new chemical entity, listed in the Orange Book for the referenced product has expired, and, in the case of a Paragraph IV certification and subsequent patent infringement suit, until the earlier of 30 months, settlement of the lawsuit or a decision in the infringement case that is favorable to the Section 505(b)(2) NDA applicant.

 

Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007

 

On September 27, 2007, the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act, or the FDAAA, was enacted into law, amending both the FDC Act and the Public Health Service Act. The FDAAA makes a number of substantive and incremental changes to the review and approval processes in ways that could make it more difficult or costly to obtain approval for new pharmaceutical products, or to produce, market and distribute existing pharmaceutical products. Most significantly, the law changes the FDA’s handling of post market drug product safety issues by giving the FDA authority to require post approval studies or clinical trials, to request that safety information be provided in labeling, or to require an NDA applicant to submit and execute a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS.

 

The FDAAA also reauthorized the authority of the FDA to collect user fees to fund the FDA’s review activities and made certain changes to the user fee provisions to permit the use of user fee revenue to fund the FDA’s drug safety activities and the review of Direct-to-Consumer, or DTC, advertisements.

 

The FDAAA also reauthorized and amended the PREA. The most significant changes to PREA are intended to improve FDA and applicant accountability for agreed upon pediatric assessments.

 

Orphan Drug Designation

 

Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse have received orphan drug designations from the FDA. Orphan drug designation is granted by the FDA to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which for this program is defined as having a prevalence of less than 200,000 individuals in the U.S. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting a marketing application. After the FDA grants orphan drug

 

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designation, the generic identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. Orphan drug exclusive marketing rights may be lost if the FDA later determines that the request for designation was materially defective or if the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient quantity of the drug.

 

Orphan drug designation does not shorten the regulatory review and approval process for an orphan drug, nor does it give that drug any advantage in the regulatory review and approval process. However, if an orphan drug later receives approval for the indication for which it has designation, the relevant regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market the same drug for the same indication, except in very limited circumstances, for seven years in the U.S. Although obtaining approval to market a product with orphan drug exclusivity may be advantageous, we cannot be certain:

 

   

that we will be the first to obtain approval for any drug for which we obtain orphan drug designation;

 

   

that orphan drug designation will result in any commercial advantage or reduce competition; or

 

   

that the limited exceptions to this exclusivity will not be invoked by the relevant regulatory authority.

 

U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

 

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, to which we are subject, prohibits corporations and individuals from engaging in certain activities to obtain or retain business or to influence a person working in an official capacity. It is illegal to pay, offer to pay or authorize the payment of anything of value to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business or to otherwise influence a person working in an official capacity.

 

Regulation in the European Union

 

Drugs are also subject to extensive regulation outside of the United States. In the EU, for example, there is a centralized approval procedure that authorizes marketing of a product in all countries of the EU (which includes most major countries in Europe). If this procedure is not used, approval in one country of the EU can be used to obtain approval in another country of the EU under two simplified application processes, the mutual recognition procedure or the decentralized procedure, both of which rely on the principle of mutual recognition. After receiving regulatory approval through any of the European registration procedures, pricing and reimbursement approvals are also required in most countries.

 

A similar system for orphan drug designation exists in the EU. Naglazyme, Aldurazyme and Kuvan received orphan medicinal product designation by the European Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products. Orphan designation does not shorten the regulatory review and approval process for an orphan drug, nor does it give that drug any advantage in the regulatory review and approval process. However, if an orphan drug later receives approval for the indication for which it has designation, the relevant regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market the same drug for the same indication, except in very limited circumstances, for ten years in the EU.

 

Employees

 

As of February 6, 2010, we had 720 full-time employees, 331 of whom are in operations, 186 of whom are in research and development, 120 of whom are in sales and marketing and 83 of whom are in administration.

 

We consider our employee relations to be good. Our employees are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced employment related work stoppages.

 

Research and Development

 

For information regarding research and development expenses incurred during 2007, 2008 and 2009, see Item 7, “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Research and Development Expense”.

 

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Geographic Area Financial Information

 

Our chief operating decision maker (i.e., chief executive officer) reviews financial information on a consolidated basis, for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable by the chief operating decision makers, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we consider ourselves to have a single reporting segment and operating unit structure.

 

Net product revenues by geography are based on patients’ locations for Naglazyme and Kuvan, and are based on Genzyme’s U.S. location for Aldurazyme. The following table outlines revenues and long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2007

   2008

   2009

Net product revenues:

                    

United States

   $ 18,072    $ 140,418    $ 168,373

Europe

     51,878      63,333      76,475

Latin America

     6,409      25,250      35,528

Rest of the World

     10,443      22,850      35,345
    

  

  

Total net product revenues

   $ 86,802    $ 251,851    $ 315,721
    

  

  

 

Total revenue generated outside the U.S. was $75.1 million, $147.0 million and $150.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2008

   2009

Long-lived assets:

             

United States

   $ 163,278    $ 246,160

International

     4,088      33,427
    

  

Total long-lived assets

   $ 167,366    $ 279,587
    

  

 

Other Information

 

We were incorporated in Delaware in October 1996 and began operations on March 21, 1997. Our principal executive offices are located at 105 Digital Drive, Novato, California 94949 and our telephone number is (415) 506-6700. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, proxy statements, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are available free of charge at www.bmrn.com as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Such reports and other information may be obtained by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Additionally, these reports are available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Information contained in our website is not part of this or any other report that we file with or furnish to the SEC.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing industry that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Other risks and uncertainties, including those that we do not currently consider material, may impair our business. If any of the risks discussed below actually occur, our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows could be materially adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

 

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If we fail to maintain regulatory approval to commercially market and sell our drugs, or if approval is delayed, we will be unable to generate revenue from the sale of these products, our potential for generating positive cash flow will be diminished, and the capital necessary to fund our operations will be increased.

 

We must obtain regulatory approval before marketing or selling our drug products in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. In the U.S., we must obtain FDA approval for each drug that we intend to commercialize. The FDA approval process is typically lengthy and expensive, and approval is never certain. Products distributed abroad are also subject to foreign government regulation. Naglazyme, Aldurazyme and Kuvan have received regulatory approval to be commercially marketed and sold in the U.S., EU and other countries. Firdapse has received regulatory approval to be commercially marketed only in the EU. If we fail to obtain regulatory approval for our other product candidates, we will be unable to market and sell those drug products. Because of the risks and uncertainties in pharmaceutical development, our product candidates could take a significantly longer time to gain regulatory approval than we expect or may never gain approval.

 

From time to time during the regulatory approval process for our products and our product candidates, we engage in discussions with the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities regarding the regulatory requirements for our development programs. To the extent appropriate, we accommodate the requests of the regulatory authorities and, to date, we have generally been able to reach reasonable accommodations and resolutions regarding the underlying issues. However, we are often unable to determine the outcome of such deliberations until they are final. If we are unable to effectively and efficiently resolve and comply with the inquiries and requests of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities, the approval of our product candidates may be delayed and their value may be reduced.

 

After any of our products receive regulatory approval, they remain subject to ongoing regulation, including, for example, changes to the product labeling, new or revised regulatory requirements for manufacturing practices and reporting adverse reactions and other information. If we do not comply with the applicable regulations, the range of possible sanctions includes issuance of adverse publicity, product recalls or seizures, fines, total or partial suspensions of production and/or distribution, suspension of marketing applications, enforcement actions, including injunctions and civil or criminal prosecution. The FDA and foreign regulatory agencies can withdraw a product’s approval under some circumstances, such as the failure to comply with regulatory requirements or unexpected safety issues. Further, the government authorities may condition approval of our product candidates on the completion of additional post-marketing clinical studies. These post-marketing studies may suggest that a product causes undesirable side effects or may present a risk to the patient. If data we collect from post-marketing studies suggest that one of our approved products may present a risk to safety, the government authorities could withdraw our product approval, suspend production or place other marketing restrictions on our products. If regulatory sanctions are applied or if regulatory approval is delayed or withdrawn, the value of our company and our operating results will be adversely affected. Additionally, we will be unable to generate revenue from the sale of these products, our potential for generating positive cash flow will be diminished and the capital necessary to fund our operations will be increased.

 

If we fail to obtain or maintain orphan drug exclusivity for some of our products, our competitors may sell products to treat the same conditions and our revenues will be reduced.

 

As part of our business strategy, we intend to develop some drugs that may be eligible for FDA and EU orphan drug designation. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a product as an orphan drug if it is a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, defined as a patient population of fewer than 200,000 in the U.S. The company that first obtains FDA approval for a designated orphan drug for a given rare disease receives marketing exclusivity for use of that drug for the stated condition for a period of seven years. Orphan drug exclusive marketing rights may be lost if the FDA later determines that the request for designation was materially defective or if the manufacturer is unable to assure sufficient quantity of the drug. Similar regulations are available in the EU with a ten-year period of market exclusivity.

 

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Because the extent and scope of patent protection for some of our drug products is limited, orphan drug designation is especially important for our products that are eligible for orphan drug designation. For eligible drugs, we plan to rely on the exclusivity period under the Orphan Drug Act to maintain a competitive position. If we do not obtain orphan drug exclusivity for our drug products that do not have broad patent protection, our competitors may then sell the same drug to treat the same condition and our revenues will be reduced.

 

Even though we have obtained orphan drug designation for certain of our products and product candidates and even if we obtain orphan drug designation for our future product candidates, due to the uncertainties associated with developing pharmaceutical products, we may not be the first to obtain marketing approval for any particular orphan indication. Further, even if we obtain orphan drug exclusivity for a product, that exclusivity may not effectively protect the product from competition because different drugs can be approved for the same condition. Even after an orphan drug is approved, the FDA can subsequently approve the same drug for the same condition if the FDA concludes that the later drug is safer, more effective or makes a major contribution to patient care. Orphan drug designation neither shortens the development time or regulatory review time of a drug, nor gives the drug any advantage in the regulatory review or approval process.

 

To obtain regulatory approval to market our products, preclinical studies and costly and lengthy preclinical and clinical trials are required and the results of the studies and trials are highly uncertain.

 

As part of the regulatory approval process, we must conduct, at our own expense, preclinical studies in the laboratory and clinical trials on humans for each product candidate. We expect the number of preclinical studies and clinical trials that the regulatory authorities will require will vary depending on the product candidate, the disease or condition the drug is being developed to address and regulations applicable to the particular drug. Generally, the number and size of clinical trials required for approval increases based on the expected patient population that may be treated with a drug. We may need to perform multiple preclinical studies using various doses and formulations before we can begin clinical trials, which could result in delays in our ability to market any of our product candidates. Furthermore, even if we obtain favorable results in preclinical studies, the results in humans may be significantly different. After we have conducted preclinical studies, we must demonstrate that our drug products are safe and efficacious for use in the targeted human patients in order to receive regulatory approval for commercial sale.

 

Adverse or inconclusive clinical results would stop us from filing for regulatory approval of our product candidates. Additional factors that can cause delay or termination of our clinical trials include:

 

   

slow or insufficient patient enrollment;

 

   

slow recruitment of, and completion of necessary institutional approvals at, clinical sites:

 

   

longer treatment time required to demonstrate efficacy;

 

   

lack of sufficient supplies of the product candidate;

 

   

adverse medical events or side effects in treated patients;

 

   

lack of effectiveness of the product candidate being tested; and

 

   

regulatory requests for additional clinical trials.

 

Typically, if a drug product is intended to treat a chronic disease, as is the case with some of our product candidates, safety and efficacy data must be gathered over an extended period of time, which can range from six months to three years or more.

 

If we continue to incur operating losses for a period longer than anticipated, we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce or operations.

 

Since we began operations in March 1997, we have been engaged in very substantial research and development and have operated at a net loss until 2008. Although we were profitable in 2008, we operated at a

 

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slight net loss in 2009. Depending on our future investments in research and development for existing and new programs; we could operate at an annual net loss for 2010 and possibly beyond. Our future profitability depends on our marketing and selling of Naglazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse, the successful commercialization of Aldurazyme by Genzyme, the receipt of regulatory approval of our product candidates, our ability to successfully manufacture and market any approved drugs, either by ourselves or jointly with others, our spending on our development programs and the impact of any possible future business development transactions. The extent of our future losses and the timing of profitability are highly uncertain. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce our operations.

 

If we fail to comply with manufacturing regulations, our financial results and financial condition will be adversely affected.

 

Before we can begin commercial manufacture of our products, we, or our contract manufacturers, must obtain regulatory approval of our manufacturing facilities, processes and quality systems. In addition, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities are continuously subject to inspection by the FDA, the State of California and foreign regulatory authorities, before and after product approval. Our manufacturing facilities have been inspected and licensed by the State of California for pharmaceutical manufacture and have been approved by the FDA, the EC and health agencies in other countries for the manufacture of Aldurazyme, and by the FDA and EC for the manufacture of Naglazyme. In addition, our third-party manufacturers’ facilities involved with the manufacture of Naglazyme, Kuvan, Firdapse and Aldurazyme have also been inspected and approved by various regulatory authorities.

 

Due to the complexity of the processes used to manufacture our products and product candidates, we may be unable to continue to pass or initially pass federal or international regulatory inspections in a cost effective manner. For the same reason, any potential third-party manufacturer of Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse or our product candidates may be unable to comply with GMP regulations in a cost effective manner.

 

If we, or third-party manufacturers with whom we contract, are unable to comply with manufacturing regulations, we may be subject to fines, unanticipated compliance expenses, recall or seizure of our products, total or partial suspension of production and/or enforcement actions, including injunctions, and criminal or civil prosecution. These possible sanctions would adversely affect our financial results and financial condition.

 

If we fail to obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, our financial results and financial condition will be adversely affected and we will have to delay or terminate some or all of our product development programs.

 

We may require additional financing to fund our future operations, including the commercialization of our approved drugs and drug product candidates currently under development, preclinical studies and clinical trials, and potential licenses and acquisitions. We may be unable to raise additional financing, if needed, due to a variety of factors, including our financial condition, the status of our product programs, and the general condition of the financial markets. If we fail to raise additional financing if we need such funds, we may have to delay or terminate some or all of our product development programs and our financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.

 

We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts of capital for our operations for the foreseeable future. The amount of capital we will need depends on many factors, including:

 

   

our ability to successfully market and sell Naglazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse;

 

   

Genzyme’s ability to continue to successfully commercialize Aldurazyme;

 

   

the progress, timing and scope of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

 

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the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and the costs of post-marketing studies which may be required by regulatory authorities;

 

   

the time and cost necessary to develop commercial manufacturing processes, including quality systems, and to build or acquire manufacturing capabilities;

 

   

the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments;

 

   

any changes made to, or new developments in, our existing collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships or any new collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships that we may establish; and

 

   

whether our convertible debt is converted to common stock in the future.

 

Moreover, our fixed expenses such as rent, license payments, interest expense and other contractual commitments are substantial and may increase in the future. These fixed expenses may increase because we may enter into:

 

   

additional licenses and collaborative agreements;

 

   

additional contracts for product manufacturing; and

 

   

additional financing facilities

 

We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment securities at December 31, 2009 will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital requirements for the foreseeable future based on our current long-term business plans. These estimates are based on assumptions and estimates, which may prove to be wrong. We may need to raise additional funds from equity or debt securities, loans or collaborative agreements if we are unable to satisfy our liquidity requirements. The sale of additional securities may result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Furthermore, additional financing may not be available in amounts or on terms satisfactory to us or at all. This could result in the delay, reduction or termination of our research, which could harm our business.

 

If we are unable to successfully develop manufacturing processes for our drug products to produce sufficient quantities at acceptable costs, we may be unable to meet demand for our products and lose potential revenue, have reduced margins or be forced to terminate a program.

 

Due to the complexity of manufacturing our products, we may not be able to manufacture drug products successfully with a commercially viable process or at a scale large enough to support their respective commercial markets or at acceptable margins.

 

Improvements in manufacturing processes typically are very difficult to achieve and are often very expensive and may require extended periods of time to develop. If we contract for manufacturing services with an unproven process, our contractor is subject to the same uncertainties, high standards and regulatory controls, and may therefore experience difficulty if further process development is necessary.

 

Even a developed manufacturing process can encounter difficulties due to changing regulatory requirements, human error, mechanical breakdowns, malfunctions of internal information technology systems, and other events that cannot always be prevented or anticipated. Many of the processes include biological systems, which add significant complexity, as compared to chemical synthesis. We expect that, from time to time, consistent with biotechnology industry expectations, certain production lots will fail to produce product that meets our quality control release acceptance criteria. To date, our historical failure rates for all of our product programs, including Naglazyme and Aldurazyme, have been within our expectations, which are based on industry norms.

 

In order to produce product within our time and cost parameters, we must continue to produce product within our expected success rate and yield expectations. Because of the complexity of our manufacturing

 

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processes, it may be difficult or impossible for us to determine the cause of any particular lot failure and we must effectively take corrective action in response to any failure in a timely manner.

 

Although we have entered into contractual relationships with third-party manufacturers to produce the active ingredient in Kuvan and Firdapse, if those manufacturers are unwilling or unable to fulfill their contractual obligations, we may be unable to meet demand for these products or sell these products at all and we may lose potential revenue. We have contracts for the production of final product for Kuvan and are in final negotiations of a contract for the production of final product for Firdapse. We also rely on third-parties for portions of the manufacture of Naglazyme and Aldurazyme. If those manufacturers are unwilling or unable to fulfill their contractual obligations or satisfy demand outside of or in excess of the contractual obligations, we may be unable to meet demand for these products or sell these products at all and we may lose potential revenue. Further, the availability of suitable contract manufacturing capacity at scheduled or optimum times is not certain.

 

In addition, our manufacturing processes subject us to a variety of federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, generation, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes resulting from their use. We may incur significant costs in complying with these laws and regulations.

 

If we are unable to effectively address manufacturing issues, we may be unable to meet demand for our products and lose potential revenue, have reduced margins, or be forced to terminate a program.

 

Our manufacturing facility for Naglazyme and Aldurazyme is located near known earthquake fault zones, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other catastrophic disaster could cause damage to our facility and equipment, or that of our third-party manufacturers or single-source suppliers, which could materially impair our ability to manufacture Naglazyme and Aldurazyme or our third-party manufacturer’s ability to manufacture Kuvan or Firdapse.

 

Our Galli Drive facility located in Novato, California is our only manufacturing facility for Naglazyme and Aldurazyme. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area near known earthquake fault zones and is vulnerable to significant damage from earthquakes. We, and the third-party manufacturers with whom we contract and our single-source suppliers of raw materials, are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including fires, floods, power loss and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, or any terrorist or criminal activity caused significant damage to our facilities or the facilities of our third-party manufacturers and suppliers, our ability to manufacture Naglazyme and Aldurazyme, or to have Kuvan or Firdapse manufactured, could be seriously, or potentially completely impaired, and our Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse commercialization efforts and revenue from the sale of Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse could be seriously impaired. The insurance that we carry, the inventory that we maintain and our risk mitigation plans may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.

 

Supply interruptions may disrupt our inventory levels and the availability of our products and cause delays in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates, or harm our business by reducing our revenues.

 

Numerous factors could cause interruptions in the supply of our finished products, including:

 

   

timing, scheduling and prioritization of production by our contract manufacturers or a breach of our agreements by our contract manufacturers;

 

   

labor interruptions;

 

   

changes in our sources for manufacturing;

 

   

the timing and delivery of shipments;

 

   

our failure to locate and obtain replacement manufacturers as needed on a timely basis; and

 

   

conditions affecting the cost and availability of raw materials.

 

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Any interruption in the supply of finished products could hinder our ability to distribute finished products to meet commercial demand.

 

With respect to our product candidates, production of product is necessary to perform clinical trials and successful registration batches are necessary to file for approval to commercially market and sell product candidates. Delays in obtaining clinical material or registration batches could delay regulatory approval for our product candidates.

 

Because the target patient populations for some of our products are small, we must achieve significant market share and obtain high per-patient prices for our products to achieve profitability.

 

Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse all target diseases with small patient populations. As a result, our per-patient prices must be relatively high in order to recover our development and manufacturing costs and achieve profitability. For Naglazyme, we believe that we will need to market worldwide to achieve significant market penetration of the product. Due to the expected costs of treatment for our products for genetic diseases, we may be unable to maintain or obtain sufficient market share at a price high enough to justify our product development efforts and manufacturing expenses.

 

If we fail to obtain an adequate level of reimbursement for our drug products by third-party payers, the sales of our drugs would be adversely affected or there may be no commercially viable markets for our products.

 

The course of treatment for patients using Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse is expensive. We expect patients to need treatment for extended periods, and for some products throughout the lifetimes of the patients. We expect that most families of patients will not be capable of paying for this treatment themselves. There will be no commercially viable market for our products without reimbursement from third-party payers. Additionally, even if there is a commercially viable market, if the level of reimbursement is below our expectations, our revenue and gross margins will be adversely affected.

 

Third-party payers, such as government or private health care insurers, carefully review and increasingly challenge the prices charged for drugs. Reimbursement rates from private companies vary depending on the third-party payer, the insurance plan and other factors. Reimbursement systems in international markets vary significantly by country and by region, and reimbursement approvals must be obtained on a country-by-country basis.

 

Reimbursement in the EU must be negotiated on a country-by-country basis and in many countries the product cannot be commercially launched until reimbursement is approved. The negotiation process in some countries can exceed 12 months.

 

For our future products, we will not know what the reimbursement rates will be until we are ready to market the product and we actually negotiate the rates. If we are unable to obtain sufficiently high reimbursement rates for our products, they may not be commercially viable or our future revenues and gross margins may be adversely affected.

 

A significant portion of our international sales are made based on special access programs, and changes to these programs could adversely affect our product sales and revenue in these countries.

 

We make a significant portion of our international sales of Naglazyme through special access or “named patient” programs, which do not require full product approval. The specifics of the programs vary from country to country. Generally, special approval must be obtained for each patient. The approval normally requires an application or a lawsuit accompanied by evidence of medical need. Generally, the approvals for each patient must be renewed from time to time.

 

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These programs are not well defined in some countries and are subject to changes in requirements and funding levels. Any change to these programs could adversely affect our ability to sell our products in those countries and delay sales. If the programs are not funded by the respective government, there could be insufficient funds to pay for all patients. Further, governments have in the past undertaken and may in the future undertake, unofficial measures to limit purchases of our products, including initially denying coverage for purchasers, delaying orders and denying or taking excessively long to approve customs clearance. Any such actions could materially delay or reduce our revenues from such countries.

 

Without the special access programs, we would need to seek full product approval to commercially market and sell our products. This can be an expensive and time-consuming process and may subject our products to additional price controls. Because the number of patients is so small in some countries, it may not be economically feasible to seek and maintain a full product approval, and therefore the sales in such country would be permanently reduced or eliminated. For all of these reasons, if the special access programs that we are currently using are eliminated or restricted, our revenues could be adversely affected.

 

If we fail to compete successfully with respect to product sales, we may be unable to generate sufficient sales to recover our expenses related to the development of a product program or to justify continued marketing of a product and our revenue could be adversely affected.

 

Our competitors may develop, manufacture and market products that are more effective or less expensive than ours. They may also obtain regulatory approvals for their products faster than we can obtain them (including those products with orphan drug designation) or commercialize their products before we do. If we do not compete successfully, we may be unable to generate sufficient sales to recover our expenses related to the development of a product program or to justify continued marketing of a product.

 

Government price controls or other changes in pricing regulation could restrict the amount that we are able to charge for our current and future products, which would adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

 

We expect that reimbursement may be increasingly restricted both in the U.S. and internationally. The escalating cost of health care has led to increased pressure on the health care industry to reduce costs. Governmental and private third-party payers have proposed health care reforms and cost reductions. A number of federal and state proposals to control the cost of health care, including the cost of drug treatments, have been made in the U.S. In some foreign markets, the government controls the pricing, which can affect the profitability of drugs. Current government regulations and possible future legislation regarding health care may affect reimbursement for medical treatment by third-party payers, which may render our products not commercially viable or may adversely affect our future revenues and gross margins.

 

International operations are also generally subject to extensive price and market regulations, and there are many proposals for additional cost-containment measures, including proposals that would directly or indirectly impose additional price controls or reduce the value of our intellectual property portfolio. As part of these cost containment measures, some countries have imposed or threatened to impose revenue caps limiting the annual volume of sales of Naglazyme. To the extent that these caps are significantly below actual demand, our future revenues and gross margins may be adversely affected.

 

We cannot predict the extent to which our business may be affected by these or other potential future legislative or regulatory developments. However, future price controls or other changes in pricing regulation could restrict the amount that we are able to charge for our current and future products, which would adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

 

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If we are found in violation of federal or state “fraud and abuse” laws, we may be required to pay a penalty or be suspended from participation in federal or state health care programs, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation.

 

We are subject to various federal and state health care “fraud and abuse” laws, including antikickback laws, false claims laws and laws related to ensuring compliance. The federal health care program antikickback statute makes it illegal for any person, including a pharmaceutical company, to knowingly and willfully offer, solicit, pay or receive any remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce the referral of business, including the purchase, order or prescription of a particular drug, for which payment may be made under federal health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Under federal government regulations, certain arrangements (“safe harbors”) are deemed not to violate the federal antikickback statute. We seek to comply with these safe harbors. False claims laws prohibit anyone from knowingly and willfully presenting or causing to be presented for payment to third party payers (including government payers) claims for reimbursed drugs or services that are false or fraudulent, claims for items or services that were not provided as claimed, or claims for medically unnecessary items or services. Other cases have been brought under false claims laws alleging that off-label promotion of pharmaceutical products has resulted in the submission of false claims to government health care programs. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, we also are prohibited from knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including private payers, or knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services. Violations of fraud and abuse laws may be punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including fines and/or exclusion or suspension from federal and state health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.

 

Many states have adopted laws similar to the federal antikickback statute, some of which apply to referral of patients for health care services reimbursed by any source, not just governmental payers. In addition, California and several other states have passed laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with both the April 2003 Office of Inspector General Compliance Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and the PhRMA Code on Interactions with Healthcare Professionals.

 

Neither the government nor the courts have provided definitive guidance on the application of these laws to our business. Law enforcement authorities are increasingly focused on enforcing these laws, and it is possible that some of our practices may be challenged under these laws. While we believe we have structured our business arrangements to comply with these laws, it is possible that the government could allege violations of, or convict us of violating, these laws. If we are found in violation of one of these laws, we are required to pay a penalty or are suspended or excluded from participation in federal or state health care programs, our business, financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected.

 

We conduct a significant amount of our sales and operations outside of the United States, which subjects us to additional business risks that could adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

 

A significant portion of the sales of Aldurazyme and Naglazyme are generated from countries other than the United States. Additionally, we have operations in several European countries, Brazil, other Latin America countries and Turkey. We expect that we will continue to expand our foreign operations in the future. International operations inherently subject us to a number of risks and uncertainties, including:

 

   

changes in foreign regulatory requirements;

 

   

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

 

   

political and economic instability;

 

   

diminished protection of intellectual property in some countries outside of the United States;

 

   

trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements;

 

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difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations;

 

   

differing labor regulations and business practices; and

 

   

potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws or if foreign jurisdictions successfully challenge our interpretation of local taxation.

 

Any of these factors may, individually or as a group, have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

 

As we expand our existing international operations, we may encounter new risks. For example, as we focus on building our international sales and distribution networks in new geographic regions, we must continue to develop relationships with qualified local distributors and trading companies. If we are not successful in developing these relationships, we may not be able to grow sales in these geographic regions. These or other similar risks could adversely affect our revenue and profitability.

 

If we are unable to protect our proprietary technology, we may not be able to compete as effectively.

 

Where appropriate, we seek patent protection for certain aspects of our technology. Patent protection may not be available for some of the products we are developing. If we must spend significant time and money protecting or enforcing our patents, designing around patents held by others or licensing, potentially for large fees, patents or other proprietary rights held by others, our business and financial prospects may be harmed.

 

The patent positions of biopharmaceutical products are complex and uncertain. The scope and extent of patent protection for some of our products and product candidates are particularly uncertain because key information on some of our product candidates has existed in the public domain for many years. The composition and genetic sequences of animal and/or human versions of Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, and many of our product candidates have been published and are believed to be in the public domain. The chemical structure of BH4 and 3,4 diaminopyridine have also been published. Publication of this information may prevent us from obtaining or enforcing patents relating to our products and product candidates, including without limitation composition-of-matter patents, which are generally believed to offer the strongest patent protection.

 

We own or have licensed patents and patent applications related to Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse and certain of our product candidates. However, these patents and patent applications do not ensure the protection of our intellectual property for a number of reasons, including without limitation the following:

 

   

With respect to pending patent applications, unless and until actually issued, the protective value of these applications is impossible to determine. We do not know whether our patent applications will result in issued patents. For example, we may not have developed a method for treating a disease before others developed identical or similar methods, in which case we may not receive a granted patent.

 

   

Competitors may interfere with our patent process in a variety of ways. Competitors may claim that they invented the claimed invention prior to us. Competitors may also claim that we are infringing on their patents and therefore we cannot practice our technology. Competitors may also contest our patents by showing the patent examiner or a court that the invention was not original, was not novel or was obvious. In litigation, a competitor could claim that our issued patents are not valid or are unenforceable for a number of reasons. If a court agrees, we would not be able to enforce that patent. We have no meaningful experience with competitors interfering with our patents or patent applications.

 

   

Enforcing patents is expensive and may absorb significant time of our management. Management would spend less time and resources on developing products, which could increase our operating expenses and delay product programs. We may not have the financial ability to sustain a patent infringement action, or it may not be financially reasonable to do so.

 

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Receipt of a patent may not provide much practical protection. For example, if we receive a patent with a narrow scope, then it will be easier for competitors to design products that do not infringe on our patent.

 

In addition, competition may also seek intellectual property protection for their technology. Due to the amount of intellectual property in our field of technology, we cannot be certain that we do not infringe intellectual property rights of competitors or that we will not infringe intellectual property rights of competitors granted or created in the future. For example, if a patent holder believes our product infringes their patent, the patent holder may sue us even if we have received patent protection for our technology. If someone else claims we infringe their intellectual property, we would face a number of issues, including the following:

 

   

Defending a lawsuit, which takes significant time and resources and can be very expensive.

 

   

If a court decides that our product infringes a competitor’s intellectual property, we may have to pay substantial damages.

 

   

With respect to patents, a court may prohibit us from making, selling, offering to sell, importing or using our product unless the patent holder licenses the patent to us. The patent holder is not required to grant us a license. If a license is available, it may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. For example, we may have to pay substantial royalties or grant cross licenses to our patents and patent applications.

 

   

Redesigning our product so it does not infringe the intellectual property rights of competitors may not be possible or could require substantial funds and time.

 

It is also unclear whether our trade secrets are adequately protected. Our employees or consultants may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. Enforcing a claim that someone else illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets, such as patent litigation, is expensive and time consuming, requires significant resources and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the U.S. are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how, in which case we would not be able to enforce our trade secret rights against such competitors.

 

We may also support and collaborate in research conducted by government organizations, hospitals, universities or other educational institutions. These research partners may be unwilling to grant us any exclusive rights to technology or products derived from these collaborations.

 

If we do not obtain required licenses or rights, we could encounter delays in our product development efforts while we attempt to design around other patents or may be prohibited from making, using, importing, offering to sell or selling products requiring these licenses or rights. There is also a risk that disputes may arise as to the rights to technology or products developed in collaboration with other parties.

 

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has issued three patents to a third-party that relate to alpha-L-iduronidase and a related patent has issued in Canada. If we are not able to successfully challenge these patents or a related patent in Japan, if it issues, we may be prevented from producing Aldurazyme in countries with issued patents unless and until we obtain a license.

 

The USPTO has issued three patents to Women’s and Children’s Hospital Adelaide that cover composition-of-matter, isolated genomic nucleotide sequences, vectors including the sequences, host cells containing the vectors, and method of use claims for human, recombinant alpha-L-iduronidase. Aldurazyme is based on human, recombinant alpha-L-iduronidase. Corresponding foreign patent applications were filed in Europe, Japan and Canada. The European patent application was rejected over prior art, was withdrawn and cannot be re-filed. The corresponding Japanese application was finally rejected by the Japanese Board of Appeals, lapsed after failure to timely file a court challenge, and cannot be re-filed. A corresponding Canadian

 

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patent issued and covers enzyme, pharmaceutical composition, nucleic acid encoding the enzyme, host cells and vectors. We believe that these patents are invalid or not infringed on a number of grounds. However, under U.S. law, issued patents are entitled to a presumption of validity, and a challenge to the U.S. patents may be unsuccessful. Even if we are successful, challenging the patents may be expensive, require our management to devote significant time to this effort and may adversely impact marketing of Aldurazyme in the U.S. and Canada.

 

If our Manufacturing, Marketing and Sales Agreement with Genzyme were terminated, we could be barred from commercializing Aldurazyme or our ability to successfully commercialize Aldurazyme would be delayed or diminished.

 

Either party may terminate the Manufacturing, Marketing and Sales Agreement, or MMS Agreement, between Genzyme and us related to Aldurazyme for specified reasons, including if the other party is in material breach of the MMS, has experienced a change of control, or has declared bankruptcy and also is in breach of the MMS. Although we are not currently in breach of the MMS and we believe that Genzyme is not currently in breach of the MMS, there is a risk that either party could breach the MMS in the future. Either party may also terminate the MMS upon one year prior written notice for any reason.

 

If the MMS Agreement is terminated for breach, the breaching party will transfer its interest in the LLC to the non-breaching party, and the non-breaching party will pay a specified buyout amount for the breaching party’s interest in Aldurazyme and in the LLC. If we are the breaching party, we would lose our rights to Aldurazyme and the related intellectual property and regulatory approvals. If the MMS Agreement is terminated without cause, the non-terminating party would have the option, exercisable for one year, to buy out the terminating party’s interest in Aldurazyme and in the LLC at a specified buyout amount. If such option is not exercised, all rights to Aldurazyme will be sold and the LLC will be dissolved. In the event of termination of the buy out option without exercise by the non-terminating party as described above, all right and title to Aldurazyme is to be sold to the highest bidder, with the proceeds to be split between Genzyme and us in accordance with our percentage interest in the LLC.

 

If the MMS Agreement is terminated by either party because the other party declared bankruptcy, the terminating party would be obligated to buy out the other party and would obtain all rights to Aldurazyme exclusively. If the MMS Agreement is terminated by a party because the other party experienced a change of control, the terminating party shall notify the other party, the offeree, of its intent to buy out the offeree’s interest in Aldurazyme and the LLC for a stated amount set by the terminating party at its discretion. The offeree must then either accept this offer or agree to buy the terminating party’s interest in Aldurazyme and the LLC on those same terms. The party who buys out the other party would then have exclusive rights to Aldurazyme. The Amended and Restated Collaboration Agreement between us and Genzyme will automatically terminate upon the effective date of the termination of the MMS Agreement and may not be terminated independently from the MMS Agreement.

 

If we were obligated, or given the option, to buy out Genzyme’s interest in Aldurazyme and the LLC, and thereby gain exclusive rights to Aldurazyme, we may not have sufficient funds to do so and we may not be able to obtain the financing to do so. If we fail to buy out Genzyme’s interest, we may be held in breach of the agreement and may lose any claim to the rights to Aldurazyme and the related intellectual property and regulatory approvals. We would then effectively be prohibited from developing and commercializing Aldurazyme.

 

Our strategic alliance with Merck Serono may be terminated at any time by Merck Serono, and if it is terminated, our expenses could increase and our operating performance could be adversely affected.

 

Merck Serono may terminate the agreement forming our strategic alliance with them at any time by giving 90 days prior written notice if such termination occurs prior to the commercialization of any of the products licensed under our agreement, or by giving 180 days prior written notice if such termination occurs after the

 

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commercialization of such a product. Either Merck Serono or we may terminate our strategic alliance under certain circumstances, including if the other party is in material breach of the agreement and does not remedy the breach within a specified period of time, or has suffered certain financial difficulties, including filing for bankruptcy or making an assignment for the benefit of creditors. Although we are not currently in breach of the agreement and we believe that Merck Serono is not currently in breach of the agreement, there is a risk that either party could breach the agreement in the future. Upon a termination of the agreement by Merck Serono by giving notice or by us for a material breach by Merck Serono, all rights licensed to us under the agreement become irrevocable and fully-paid except in those countries where restricted by applicable law or for all intellectual property that Merck Serono does not own.

 

Upon a termination of the agreement by Merck Serono for a material breach by us or based on our financial difficulty, or upon the expiration of the royalty term of the products licensed under the agreement, all rights licensed to Merck Serono under the agreement become irrevocable and fully-paid upon the payment of amounts due by Merck Serono to us which accrued prior to the expiration of the royalty term, except in those countries where restricted by applicable law or for all intellectual property that we do not own and for which we do not have a royalty-free license. Upon a termination of the agreement for a material breach by us or for our financial difficulty, all rights and licenses granted by Merck Serono to us under or pursuant to the agreement will automatically terminate. Under the terms of our agreement with Merck Serono, Merck Serono is responsible to pay for a portion of the development costs of products developed pursuant to such agreement. However, at any time upon 90 days notice, Merck Serono can opt out of this responsibility. If Merck Serono opts out, or if the agreement is terminated by either Merck Serono or us, and we continue the development of products related to that agreement, we would be responsible for 100% of future development costs, our expenses could increase and our operating performance could be adversely affected.

 

If we fail to compete successfully with respect to acquisitions, joint ventures or other collaboration opportunities, we may be limited in our ability to develop new products and to continue to expand our product pipeline.

 

Our competitors compete with us to attract organizations for acquisitions, joint ventures, licensing arrangements or other collaborations. To date, several of our product programs have been acquired through acquisitions, such as PEG-PAL, and several of our product programs have been developed through licensing or collaborative arrangements, such as Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse. These collaborations include licensing proprietary technology from, and other relationships with, academic research institutions. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to identify additional opportunities and to successfully enter into partnering or acquisition agreements for those opportunities. If our competitors successfully enter into partnering arrangements or license agreements with academic research institutions, we will then be precluded from pursuing those specific opportunities. Since each of these opportunities is unique, we may not be able to find a substitute. Several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have already established themselves in the field of genetic diseases. These companies, including Genzyme, have already begun many drug development programs, some of which may target diseases that we are also targeting, and have already entered into partnering and licensing arrangements with academic research institutions, reducing the pool of available opportunities. 

 

Universities and public and private research institutions also compete with us. While these organizations primarily have educational or basic research objectives, they may develop proprietary technology and acquire patents that we may need for the development of our product candidates. We will attempt to license this proprietary technology, if available. These licenses may not be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to compete successfully with respect to acquisitions, joint venture and other collaboration opportunities, we may be limited in our ability to develop new products and to continue to expand our product pipeline.

 

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If we do not achieve our projected development goals in the timeframes we announce and expect, the commercialization of our products may be delayed and the credibility of our management may be adversely affected and, as a result, our stock price may decline.

 

For planning purposes, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other product development goals, which we sometimes refer to as milestones. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of scientific studies and clinical trials and the submission of regulatory filings. From time to time, we publicly announce the expected timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are based on a variety of assumptions. The actual timing of these milestones can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in many cases for reasons beyond our control. If we do not meet these milestones as publicly announced, the commercialization of our products may be delayed and the credibility of our management may be adversely affected and, as a result, our stock price may decline.

 

If we are unable to obtain an adequate supply of Firdapse or secure pricing and reimbursement for Firdapse in a timely manner, our commercial launch in the EU may be delayed in one or more countries and revenue would be adversely affected.

 

In December 2009, Firdapse was granted marketing approval in the EU for LEMS. We expect to begin sales of Firdapse in the EU in March of 2010. Firdapse is manufactured on a contract basis by a third party and there is one approved manufacturer of the API for Firdapse and one approved manufacturer for the final product. We do not have an established track record with either of these third parties responsible for the supply of Firdapse. Although we have entered into an agreement with a third party to produce the active ingredient in Firdapse and are in final negotiations of a contract for the production of the final product for Firdapse, we cannot provide assurance that we will not experience a disruption in supply which could cause our launch to be delayed in one or more countries. Further, if we are unable to adequately address supply disruptions after the commercial launch of Firdapse, we may be unable to meet commercial demand for Firdapse and will lose potential revenue. In addition, we have not secured pricing reimbursement for Firdapse in all countries. Reimbursement in the EU must be negotiated on a country-by-country basis and in many countries the product cannot be commercially launched until reimbursement is approved. If we are unable to obtain pricing reimbursement in all countries in the EU, our commercial launch in the EU may be delayed in one or more countries and our revenue would be adversely affected.

 

We depend upon our key personnel and our ability to attract and retain employees.

 

Our future growth and success depend on our ability to recruit, retain, manage and motivate our employees. The loss of the services of any member of our senior management or the inability to hire or retain experienced management personnel could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and harm our operating results.

 

Because of the specialized scientific and managerial nature of our business, we rely heavily on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical and managerial personnel. In particular, the loss of one or more of our senior executive officers could be detrimental to us if we cannot recruit suitable replacements in a timely manner. While certain of our senior executive officers are parties to employment agreements with us, these agreements do not guarantee that they will remain employed with us in the future. In addition, in many cases, these agreements do not restrict our senior executive officers’ ability to compete with us after their employment is terminated. The competition for qualified personnel in the pharmaceutical field is intense. Due to this intense competition, we may be unable to continue to attract and retain qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business or to recruit suitable replacement personnel.  

 

Our success depends on our ability to manage our growth.

 

Product candidates that we are currently developing or may acquire in the future may be intended for patient populations that are significantly larger than any of MPS I, MPS VI, PKU or LEMS. In order to continue

 

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development and marketing of these products, if approved, we will need to significantly expand our operations. To manage expansion effectively, we need to continue to develop and improve our research and development capabilities, manufacturing and quality capacities, sales and marketing capabilities and financial and administrative systems. Our staff, financial resources, systems, procedures or controls may be inadequate to support our operations and our management may be unable to manage successfully future market opportunities or our relationships with customers and other third parties.

 

Changes in methods of treatment of disease could reduce demand for our products and adversely affect revenues.

 

Even if our drug products are approved, if doctors elect a course of treatment which does not include our drug products, this decision would reduce demand for our drug products and adversely affect revenues. For example, if gene therapy becomes widely used as a treatment of genetic diseases, the use of enzyme replacement therapy, such as Naglazyme and Aldurazyme in MPS diseases, could be greatly reduced. Changes in treatment method can be caused by the introduction of other companies’ products or the development of new technologies or surgical procedures which may not directly compete with ours, but which have the effect of changing how doctors decide to treat a disease.

 

If product liability lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities.

 

We are exposed to the potential product liability risks inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of human pharmaceuticals. We maintain insurance against product liability lawsuits for commercial sale of our products and for the clinical trials of our product candidates. Pharmaceutical companies must balance the cost of insurance with the level of coverage based on estimates of potential liability. Historically, the potential liability associated with product liability lawsuits for pharmaceutical products has been unpredictable. Although we believe that our current insurance is a reasonable estimate of our potential liability and represents a commercially reasonable balancing of the level of coverage as compared to the cost of the insurance, we may be subject to claims in connection with our clinical trials and commercial use of Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse, or our clinical trials for PEG-PAL, GALNS and our small molecule for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, for which our insurance coverage may not be adequate.

 

The product liability insurance we will need to obtain in connection with the commercial sales of our product candidates if and when they receive regulatory approval may be unavailable in meaningful amounts or at a reasonable cost. In addition, while we continue to take what we believe are appropriate precautions, we may be unable to avoid significant liability if any product liability lawsuit is brought against us. If we are the subject of a successful product liability claim that exceeds the limits of any insurance coverage we obtain, we may incur substantial charges that would adversely affect our earnings and require the commitment of capital resources that might otherwise be available for the development and commercialization of our product programs.

 

Our business is affected by macroeconomic conditions.

 

Various macroeconomic factors could adversely affect our business and the results of our operations and financial condition, including changes in inflation, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates and overall economic conditions and uncertainties, including those resulting from the current and future conditions in the global financial markets. For instance, if inflation or other factors were to significantly increase our business costs, it may not be feasible to pass through price increases on to our customers due to the process by which health care providers are reimbursed for our products by the government. Interest rates, the liquidity of the credit markets and the volatility of the capital markets could also affect the value of our investments and our ability to liquidate our investments in order to fund our operations. We purchase or enter into a variety of transactions, including investments in commercial paper, the extension of credit to corporations, institutions and governments and enter into hedging contracts. If any of the issuers or counter parties to these instruments were to default on their obligations, it could materially reduce the value of the transaction and adversely affect our cash flows.

 

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Interest rates and the ability to access credit markets could also adversely affect the ability of our customers/distributors to purchase, pay for and effectively distribute our products. Similarly, these macroeconomic factors could affect the ability of our contract manufacturers, sole-source or single-source suppliers to remain in business or otherwise manufacture or supply product. Failure by any of them to remain a going concern could affect our ability to manufacture products.

 

Our stock price may be volatile, and an investment in our stock could suffer a decline in value.

 

Our valuation and stock price since the beginning of trading after our initial public offering have had no meaningful relationship to current or historical earnings, asset values, book value or many other criteria based on conventional measures of stock value. The market price of our common stock will fluctuate due to factors including:

 

   

product sales and profitability of Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse;

 

   

manufacture, supply or distribution of Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse;

 

   

progress of our product candidates through the regulatory process;

 

   

results of clinical trials, announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors;

 

   

government regulatory action affecting our product candidates or our competitors’ drug products in both the U.S. and foreign countries;

 

   

developments or disputes concerning patent or proprietary rights;

 

   

general market conditions and fluctuations for the emerging growth and pharmaceutical market sectors;

 

   

economic conditions in the U.S. or abroad;

 

   

broad market fluctuations in the U.S., EU or in other parts of the world;

 

   

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; and

 

   

changes in company assessments or financial estimates by securities analysts.

 

In addition, the value of our common stock may fluctuate because it is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Listing on the exchange may increase stock price volatility due to:

 

   

trading in different time zones;

 

   

different ability to buy or sell our stock;

 

   

different market conditions in different capital markets; and

 

   

different trading volume.

 

In the past, following periods of large price declines in the public market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against that company. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which would hurt our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities. In addition, the current decline in the financial markets and related factors beyond our control, including the credit and mortgage crisis in the U.S. and worldwide, may cause our stock price to decline rapidly and unexpectedly.

 

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents, our stockholders’ rights plan and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult.

 

We are incorporated in Delaware. Certain anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our charter documents as currently in effect may make a change in control of our company more difficult, even if a change

 

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in control would be beneficial to the stockholders. Our anti-takeover provisions include provisions in our certificate of incorporation providing that stockholders’ meetings may only be called by the board of directors and provisions in our bylaws providing that the stockholders may not take action by written consent and requiring that stockholders that desire to nominate any person for election to the board of directors or to make any proposal with respect to business to be conducted at a meeting of our stockholders be submitted in appropriate form to our Secretary within a specified period of time in advance of any such meeting. Additionally, our board of directors has the authority to issue an additional 249,886 shares of preferred stock and to determine the terms of those shares of stock without any further action by our stockholders. The rights of holders of our common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred stock that may be issued. The issuance of preferred stock could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. Delaware law also prohibits corporations from engaging in a business combination with any holders of 15% or more of their capital stock until the holder has held the stock for three years unless, among other possibilities, the board of directors approves the transaction. Our board of directors may use these provisions to prevent changes in the management and control of our company. Also, under applicable Delaware law, our board of directors may adopt additional anti-takeover measures in the future.

 

In 2002, our board of directors authorized a stockholder rights plan and related dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each share of our common stock outstanding at that time. In connection with an increase in our authorized common stock, our board approved an amendment to this plan in June 2003. Our board of directors approved an additional amendment to the stockholder rights plan in February 2009. As long as these rights are attached to our common stock, we will issue one right with each new share of common stock so that all shares of our common stock will have attached rights. When exercisable, each right will entitle the registered holder to purchase from us one two-hundredth of a share of our Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock at a price of $35.00 per 1/200 of a Preferred Share, subject to adjustment.

 

The rights are designed to assure that all of our stockholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of any proposed takeover of us and to guard against partial tender offers, open market accumulations and other abusive tactics to gain control of us without paying all stockholders a control premium. The rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that acquires 15% or more of our stock on terms not approved by our board of directors. However, the rights may have the effect of making an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult, and the existence of such rights may prevent or reduce the likelihood of a third-party making an offer for an acquisition of us.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

 

None.

 

Item 2. Properties

 

The following table contains information about our current significant owned and leased properties:

 

Location


   Approximate Square
Feet


  

Use


   Lease
Expiration
Date

Several locations in Novato, California

   201,500   

Corporate headquarters, office and laboratory

   2011-2019

Galli Drive facility, Novato, California

   70,000   

Clinical and commercial manufacturing and
laboratory

   NA: owned
property

Bel Marin Keys facility, Novato, California

   85,400   

Technical operations,
finance, administration, and laboratory

   NA: owned
property

 

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Our administrative office space and plans to develop additional space are expected to be adequate for the foreseeable future. In addition to the above, we also maintain small offices in Brisbane, California, London, England, Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Istanbul, Turkey. During 2010 and beyond, we plan to expand the capacity of our production facilities in order to meet future market demands and product development requirements. We believe that, to the extent required, we will be able to lease or buy additional facilities at commercially reasonable rates. We plan to use contract manufacturing when appropriate to provide product for both clinical and commercial requirements until such time as we believe it prudent to develop additional in-house clinical and/or commercial manufacturing capacity.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

We have no material legal proceedings pending.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security-Holders

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders during the quarter ended December 31, 2009.

 

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Part II

 

Item 5. Market for Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Our common stock is listed under the symbol “BMRN” on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The following table sets forth the range of high and low quarterly closing sales prices for our common stock for the periods noted, as reported by Nasdaq.

 

          Prices

Year

  

Period


   High

   Low

2008   

First Quarter

   $ 40.39    $ 31.90
2008   

Second Quarter

   $ 39.72    $ 28.92
2008   

Third Quarter

   $ 32.55    $ 25.60
2008   

Fourth Quarter

   $ 26.29    $ 13.59
2009   

First Quarter

   $ 20.83    $ 10.14
2009   

Second Quarter

   $ 15.94    $ 11.92
2009   

Third Quarter

   $ 18.33    $ 13.86
2009   

Fourth Quarter

   $ 18.98    $ 15.49

 

On February 17, 2010, the last reported sale price on the Nasdaq Global Select Market for our common stock was $20.71. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Equity Compensation Plans

 

We incorporate information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans into this section by reference from the section captioned “Equity Compensation Plans” in the proxy statement for our 2010 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

We did not make any purchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2009.

 

Holders

 

As of February 17, 2010, there were 72 holders of record of 101,131,358 outstanding shares of our common stock. Additionally, on such date, options to acquire 13.8 million shares of our common stock were outstanding.

 

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Performance Graph

 

The following is not deemed “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of we under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation by reference language in such filing.

 

The following graph shows the value of an investment of $100 on December 31, 2004 in BioMarin common stock, the Nasdaq Composite Index (U.S.) and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index. All values assume reinvestment of the pretax value of dividends paid by companies included in these indices and are calculated as of December 31 of each year. Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and is a component of both the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index. The comparisons shown in the graph are based upon historical data and we caution that the stock price performance shown in the graph is not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, the potential future performance of our stock.

 

LOGO

 

     12/31/04

   12/31/05

   12/31/06

   12/31/07

   12/31/08

   12/31/09

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

   100.00    168.70    256.49    553.99    278.56    294.37

NASDAQ Composite

   100.00    101.33    114.01    123.71    73.11    105.61

NASDAQ Biotechnology

   100.00    117.54    117.37    121.37    113.41    124.58

 

LOGO

 

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Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 

The selected consolidated financial data set forth below contains only a portion of our financial statement information and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this annual report.

 

We derived the consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 from audited financial statements. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of results that we may experience in the future.

 

    Years ended December 31,
(in thousands, except for per share data)


 
    2005

    2006

    2007

    2008

    2009

 

Consolidated statements of operations data:

                                       

Revenues:

                                       

Net product revenues

  $ 13,039      $ 49,606      $ 86,802      $ 251,851      $ 315,721   

Collaborative agreement revenues

    12,630        18,740        28,264        38,907        2,379   

Royalty and license revenues

    —          15,863        6,515        5,735        6,556   
   


 


 


 


 


Total revenues

    25,669        84,209        121,581        296,493        324,656   
   


 


 


 


 


Operating expenses:

                                       

Cost of sales

    2,629        8,740        18,359        52,509        65,909   

Research and development

    56,391        66,735        78,600        93,291        115,116   

Selling, general and administrative

    41,556        48,507        77,539        106,566        124,290   

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

    1,144        3,651        4,371        4,371        2,914   
   


 


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

    101,720        127,633        178,869        256,737        308,229   
   


 


 


 


 


Income (loss) from operations

    (76,051     (43,424     (57,288     39,756        16,427   
   


 


 


 


 


Equity in the income (loss) of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

    11,838        19,274        30,525        (2,270     (2,594

Interest income

    1,861        12,417        25,932        16,388        5,086   

Interest expense

    (11,918     (13,411     (14,243     (16,394     (14,090

Debt conversion expense

    —          (3,315 )     —          —          —     

Impairment loss on equity investments

    —          —          —          (4,056     (5,848

Net gain from sale of investments

    —          —          —          —          1,585   
   


 


 


 


 


Income (loss) before income taxes

    (74,270     (28,459     (15,074     33,424        566   

Provision for income taxes

    —          74        729        2,593        1,054   
   


 


 


 


 


Net income (loss)

  $ (74,270   $ (28,533   $ (15,803   $ 30,831      $ (488 )
   


 


 


 


 


Net income (loss) per share, basic

  $ (1.08   $ (0.34   $ (0.16   $ 0.31      $ (0.00 )
   


 


 


 


 


Net income (loss) per share, diluted

  $ (1.08   $ (0.34   $ (0.16   $ 0.29      $ (0.00 )
   


 


 


 


 


Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

    68,830        84,582        95,878        98,975        100,271   
   


 


 


 


 


Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted

    68,830        84,582        95,878        103,572        100,271   
   


 


 


 


 


 

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Table of Contents
     December 31,
(in thousands)


     2005

    2006

   2007

   2008

   2009

Consolidated balance sheet data:

                                   

Cash, cash equivalents and investments

   $ 47,792      $ 288,847    $ 585,594    $ 561,425    $ 470,526

Total current assets

     68,941        334,224      644,297      737,696      467,727

Total assets

     195,303        463,436      815,279      906,695      917,163

Long-term liabilities, net of current portion

     232,398        299,589      566,010      499,939      516,824

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     (77,462     117,802      187,726      276,675      322,185

 

You should read the following tables presenting our unaudited quarterly results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have prepared this unaudited information on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so in the future as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the timing and nature of research and development activities.

 

     Quarter Ended
(In thousands, except per share data, unaudited)


     March 31

    June 30

   September 30

   December 31

2009:

                            

Total revenue

   $ 73,980      $ 82,787    $ 80,807    $ 87,082

Net income (loss)

     (13,152 )     1,312      6,640      4,712

Net income (loss) per share, basic

     (0.13 )     0.01      0.07      0.05

Net income (loss) per share, diluted

     (0.13 )     0.01      0.07      0.05

2008:

                            

Total revenue

   $ 60,396      $ 64,174    $ 72,646    $ 99,277

Net income

     1,686        3,810      829      24,506

Net income per share, basic

     0.02        0.04      0.01      0.25

Net income per share, diluted

     0.02        0.04      0.01      0.21

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” as defined under securities laws. Many of these statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “projects,” “continues,” “estimates,” “potential,” “opportunity” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements may be found in “Overview,” and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results or experience could differ significantly from the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed in “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should carefully consider that information before you make an investment decision.

 

You should not place undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. These cautionary statements should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements after completion of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect later events or circumstances, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Overview

 

We develop and commercialize innovative biopharmaceuticals for serious diseases and medical conditions. We select product candidates for diseases and conditions that represent a significant unmet medical need, have well-understood biology and provide an opportunity to be first-to-market or offer a significant benefit over existing products. Our product portfolio is comprised of four approved products and multiple investigational product candidates. Approved products include Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse.

 

Naglazyme received marketing approval in the U.S. in May 2005, in the EU in January 2006, and subsequently in other countries. Naglazyme net product revenues for 2008 totaled $132.7 million and increased to $168.7 million for 2009.

 

Aldurazyme, which was developed in collaboration with Genzyme Corporation (Genzyme), has been approved for marketing in the U.S., EU and other countries. Prior to 2008, we developed and commercialized Aldurazyme through a joint venture with Genzyme. Pursuant to our arrangement with Genzyme, Genzyme sells Aldurazyme to third parties and we recognize royalty revenue on net sales by Genzyme. We recognize a portion of the royalty as product transfer revenue when product is released to Genzyme and all obligations related to the transfer have been fulfilled at that point and title to, and risk of loss for, the product is transferred to Genzyme. The product transfer revenue represents the fixed amount per unit of Aldurazyme that Genzyme is required to pay us if the product is unsold by Genzyme. The amount of product transfer revenue will eventually be deducted from the calculated royalties earned when the product is sold by Genzyme. Aldurazyme net product revenues for 2009 totaled $70.2 million, compared to $72.5 million in 2008.

 

Kuvan was granted marketing approval in the U.S. and EU in December 2007 and December 2008, respectively. Kuvan net product revenues for 2008 and 2009 totaled $46.7 million and $76.8 million, respectively.

 

In December 2009, the EMEA granted marketing approval for Firdapse. We expect to launch this product on a country by county basis starting in March 2010.

 

We are conducting clinical trials on several investigational product candidates for the treatment of genetic diseases, including: GALNS, an enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis

 

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Type IV or Morquio Syndrome Type A, or MPS IV A, PEG-PAL, an enzyme substitution therapy for the treatment of phenylketonurics that are not responsive to Kuvan and a small molecule for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In September 2009, we initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate PEG-PAL. Results from this clinical trial are expected in the third quarter of 2010. In the first half of 2009, we initiated a Phase 1/2 clinical trial of GALNS. We have completed enrollment in this clinical trial and expect to report initial results in the first half of 2010. In January 2010, we initiated a Phase 1 trial of our small molecule for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Initial top-line results from this trial are expected in the third quarter of 2010.

 

Key components of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 include the following (in millions):

 

     2007

    2008

   2009

 

Total net product revenues

   $ 86.8      $ 251.9    $ 315.7   

Collaborative agreement revenues

     28.3        38.9      2.4   

Cost of sales

     18.4        52.5      65.9   

Research and development expense

     78.6        93.3      115.1   

Selling, general and administrative expense

     77.5        106.6      124.3   

Net income (loss)

     (15.8 )     30.8      (0.5 )

Stock-based compensation expense

     18.3        25.3      34.5   

 

See “Results of Operations” below for a discussion of the detailed components and analysis of the amounts above. Our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments totaled $470.5 million as of December 31, 2009, compared to $561.4 million as of December 31, 2008, primarily due to the settlement of our Medicis obligation and the acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for a further discussion of our liquidity and capital resources.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

In preparing our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that can have a significant impact on our net income/loss and affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On a regular basis, we evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates. We also discuss our critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

 

We believe that the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved in the accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets, revenue recognition and related reserves, income taxes, inventory, research and development, stock-based compensation and business combinations have the greatest impact on our consolidated financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting polices have not differed materially from actual results.

 

Business Combinations

 

We allocate the purchase price of acquired businesses to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at acquisition date with respect to intangible assets and in-process research and development.

 

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Although we believe the assumptions and estimates made are reasonable, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired businesses and are inherently uncertain. Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired or may acquire in the future include but are not limited to:

 

   

the feasibility and timing of achievement of development, regulatory and commercial milestones;

 

   

expected costs to develop the in-process research and development into commercially viable products; and

 

   

future expected cash flows from product sales;

 

In connection with the purchase price allocations for acquisitions, we estimate the fair value of the contingent payments. The estimated fair value of any contingent payments is determined utilizing a probability-based income approach inclusive of an estimated discount rate.

 

Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

Our long-lived assets include our investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC, long-term investments, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and goodwill. We regularly review long-lived assets for impairment. The recoverability of our equity investments is measured by available external market data, including quoted prices on public stock exchanges and other relevant information. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded for the amount that the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value.

 

The recoverability of long-lived assets, other than goodwill and our long-term investments is measured by comparing the asset’s carrying amount to the expected undiscounted future cash flows that the asset is expected to generate.

 

We currently operate in one business segment, the biopharmaceutical development and commercialization segment. When reviewing goodwill for impairment, we assess whether goodwill should be allocated to operating levels lower than our single operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed for decision-making purposes. These lower levels are referred to as reporting units. Currently, we have identified only one reporting unit as per Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC Topic 350-20, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. The majority of our goodwill originated from the acquisition of the Orapred business in 2004. The Orapred business was eliminated as a reporting unit following the sublicense of North American rights for Orapred, which was previously our only separate reporting unit. Immediately prior to the sublicense, which was considered a triggering event, we performed an impairment test at the Orapred reporting unit level and determined that there was no impairment at March 2006. We perform an annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year by assessing the fair value and recoverability of our goodwill by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit to its fair value as determined by available market value unless facts and circumstances warrant a review of goodwill for impairment before that time. We performed our annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2009 and determined no impairment of goodwill existed as of December 31, 2009.

 

Determining whether an impairment has occurred typically requires various estimates and assumptions, including determining which cash flows are directly related to the potentially impaired asset, the useful life over which cash flows will occur, their amount, and the asset’s residual value, if any. In turn, measurement of an impairment loss requires a determination of fair value, which is based on the best information available. We use internal cash flow estimates, quoted market prices when available and independent appraisals as appropriate to determine fair value. We derive the required cash flow estimates from our historical experience and our internal business plans and apply an appropriate discount rate.

 

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As a result of the restructuring of our joint venture with Genzyme, we have realized most of our investment in the joint venture through the distribution of cash and inventory in February 2008. We expect that our remaining ongoing investment in the joint venture will include our investment in the joint venture’s cash on hand to fund certain research and development activities related to Aldurazyme and intellectual property management.

 

No significant impairments were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2007. In 2008, we recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $4.1 million for the decline in the value of our equity investment in Summit Corporation plc (Summit). In 2009, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges of $1.4 million and $4.5 million for the decline in value of our equity investments in Summit and La Jolla Pharmaceutical (La Jolla), respectively. The determination that the decline was other-than-temporary is, in part, subjective and influenced by several factors including, the length of time and the extent to which the market value of the shares had been less than the value at the time of purchase, Summit and La Jolla’s respective financial conditions and near-term prospects, including any events which may influence their respective operations, and our intent and ability to hold the respective investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value. Based on the current market conditions, the low volume of trading in Summit and La Jolla’s securities, respectively, and their respective current financial conditions, we determined that our investments in Summit and La Jolla were other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2009 and, adjusted the amount of our investments to the stock’s market price on March 31, 2009. In June 2009, we sold our 10.2 million shares of La Jolla common stock through a series of open market trades, ranging in gross proceeds of $0.17 to $0.22 per share, and recognized a loss of $66,000.

 

The recoverability of the carrying value of buildings, leasehold improvements for our facilities and equipment will depend on the successful execution of our business initiatives and our ability to earn sufficient returns on our approved products and product candidates. We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate carrying amounts of our fixed assets may not be recoverable. When such events or changes in circumstances occur, we assess recoverability by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through the undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of these assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Based on management’s current estimates, we expect to recover the carrying value of such assets.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 605-15, Revenue Recognition—Products and ASC Topic 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Element Arrangements. Our revenues consist of net product revenues from Naglazyme, Kuvan and Aldurazyme, revenues from our collaborative agreement with Merck Serono and other license and royalty revenues. Milestone payments are recognized in full when the related milestone performance goal is achieved and we have no future performance obligations related to that payment.

 

Net Product Revenues—We recognize net product revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered to the customer, title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collection from the customer is reasonably assured. Product sales transactions are evidenced by customer purchase orders, customer contracts, invoices and/or the related shipping documents. Amounts collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities, which are primarily comprised of value-added taxes related to Naglazyme sales in foreign jurisdictions, are presented on a net basis in our statements of operations, in that taxes billed to customers are not included as a component of net product revenues.

 

We receive a 39.5% to 50% royalty on worldwide net Aldurazyme sales by Genzyme depending on sales volume, which is included in net product revenues in our consolidated statements of operations. We recognize a portion of this amount as product transfer revenue when product is released to Genzyme as all of our performance obligations are fulfilled at that point and title to, and risk of loss for, the product has transferred to

 

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Genzyme. The product transfer revenue represents the fixed amount per unit of Aldurazyme that Genzyme is required to pay us if the product is unsold by Genzyme. The amount of product transfer revenue will eventually be deducted from the calculated royalty when the product is sold by Genzyme. We record the Aldurazyme royalty revenue based on net sales information provided by Genzyme and record product transfer revenue based on the fulfillment of Genzyme purchase orders in accordance with the terms of the related agreements with Genzyme and when the title and risk of loss for the product is transferred to Genzyme.

 

We sell Naglazyme worldwide and sell Kuvan in the U.S. and Canada. In the U.S., Naglazyme and Kuvan are generally sold to specialty pharmacies or end-users, such as hospitals, which act as retailers. We also sell Kuvan to Merck Serono at a price near our manufacturing cost, and Merck Serono resells the product to end-users outside the U.S., Canada and Japan. The royalty earned from Kuvan product sold by Merck Serono in the EU is included as a component of net product revenues in the period earned. Outside the U.S., Naglazyme is sold to our authorized distributors or directly to government purchasers or hospitals, which act as the end-users. We record reserves for rebates payable under Medicaid and other government programs as a reduction of revenue at the time product revenues are recorded. Our reserve calculations require estimates, including estimates of customer mix, to determine which sales will be subject to rebates and the amount of such rebates. We update our estimates and assumptions each quarter, and record any necessary adjustments to our reserves. We record fees paid to distributors as a reduction of revenue.

 

We record allowances for product returns, if appropriate, as a reduction of revenue at the time product sales are recorded. Several factors are considered in determining whether an allowance for product returns is required, including market exclusivity of the products based on their orphan drug status, the patient population, the customers’ limited return rights and our experience with returns. Because of the pricing of Naglazyme and Kuvan, the limited number of patients and the customers’ limited return rights, most Naglazyme and Kuvan customers and retailers carry a limited inventory. Certain international customers, usually government entities, tend to purchase larger quantities of product less frequently. Although such buying patterns may result in revenue fluctuations from quarter to quarter, we have not experienced any increased product returns or risk of product returns. We rely on historical return rates for Aldurazyme, Naglazyme and Kuvan to estimate returns. Genzyme’s return rights for Aldurazyme are limited to defective product. Based on these factors and the fact that we have not experienced significant product returns to date, management has concluded that product returns will be minimal. In the future, if any of these factors and/or the history of product returns changes, an allowance for product returns may be required.

 

The nature and amount of our current estimates of the applicable revenue dilution items that are currently applied to aggregate world-wide gross sales of Naglazyme and Kuvan to derive net sales are described in the table below.

 

Revenue Dilution Item


   Percentage
of Gross
Sales


   

Description


Rebates

   2-4   Rebates payable to state Medicaid, other government programs and certain managed care providers

Distributor Fees

   3-5   Fees paid to authorized distributors

Cash Discounts

   1-2   Discounts offered to customers for prompt payment of accounts receivable
    

   

Total

   6-11    
    

   

 

We maintain a policy to record allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from our customers’ inability to make required payments. As of December 31, 2009, we have experienced no significant bad debts and have not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts.

 

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Collaborative agreement revenues—Collaborative agreement revenues from Merck Serono include license revenue and contract research revenue earned under our agreement with Merck Serono, which was executed in May 2005. Nonrefundable up-front license fees where we have continuing involvement through research and development collaboration are initially deferred and recognized as collaborative agreement license revenue over the estimated period for which we continue to have a performance obligation. Our performance obligation related to the $25.0 million upfront payment from Merck Serono ended in the fourth quarter of 2008. There was no cost of sales associated with the amortization of the up-front license fee received from Merck Serono. Nonrefundable amounts received for shared development costs are recognized as revenue in the period in which the related expenses are incurred. Contract research revenue included in collaborative agreement revenues represents Merck Serono’s share of Kuvan development costs under the Merck Serono agreement, which are recorded as research and development expenses. Allowable costs during the development period must have been included in the pre-approved annual budget in order to be subject to reimbursement, or must be separately approved by both parties. Milestone payments were recognized in full when the related performance goal was achieved and we no longer had future performance obligations related to the payment.

 

Royalty and license revenues—Royalty revenue includes royalties on net sales of products with which we have no direct involvement and is recognized based on data reported by licensees or sublicensees. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with the contract terms when the royalty amount is fixed or determinable based on information received from the sublicensee and when collectibility is reasonably assured.

 

Due to the significant role we play in the operations of Aldurazyme and Kuvan, primarily the manufacturing and regulatory activities, as well as the rights and responsibilities to deliver the products to Genzyme and Merck Serono, respectively, we elected not to classify the Aldurazyme and Kuvan royalties earned as other royalty revenues and instead to include them as a component of net product revenues.

 

Inventory

 

We value our inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We determine the cost of inventory using the average-cost method. We analyze our inventory levels quarterly and write down inventory that has become obsolete, or has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value and inventory quantities in excess of expected requirements. Expired inventory is disposed of and the related costs are recognized as cost of sales on the consolidated statements of operations.

 

Manufacturing costs for product candidates are expensed as research and development expenses. We consider regulatory approval of product candidates to be uncertain, and product manufactured prior to regulatory approval may not be sold unless regulatory approval is obtained. As such, the manufacturing costs for product candidates incurred prior to regulatory approval are not capitalized as inventory. When regulatory approval is obtained, we begin capitalizing inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

 

Stock-based compensation of $5.4 million was capitalized into inventory in the year end December 31, 2009, as compared to $4.6 million and $1.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

 

Research and Development

 

Research and development expenses include expenses associated with contract research and development provided by third parties, product manufacturing prior to regulatory approval, clinical and regulatory costs, and internal research and development costs. In instances where we enter into agreements with third parties for research and development activities, costs are expensed upon the earlier of when non-refundable amounts are due or as services are performed unless there is an alternative future use of the funds in other research and development projects. Amounts due under such arrangements may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of

 

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deliverables. We accrue costs for clinical trial activities based upon estimates of the services received and related expenses incurred that have yet to be invoiced by the vendors that perform the activities.

 

A critical accounting assumption by our management is that we believe that regulatory approval of product candidates is uncertain, and we do not assume that products manufactured prior to regulatory approval will be sold commercially. As a result, inventory costs for product candidates are expensed as research and development until regulatory approval is obtained in a major market, at which time inventory is capitalized at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plan awards. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each such award. Further stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is based on awards expected to vest, therefore the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures which are based on historical experience. If actual forfeitures differ from estimates at the time of grant they will be revised in subsequent periods.

 

If factors change and different assumptions are employed in determining the fair value of stock based awards, the stock based compensation expense recorded in future periods may differ significantly from what was recorded in the current period (see Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements for further information).

 

Income Taxes

 

We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. There was a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets of $268.1 million at December 31, 2009. Future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies have been considered in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. An adjustment to the valuation allowance would increase or decrease net income/loss or additional paid in capital in the period such adjustment was made. During the three years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, we recognized income tax expense of $0.7 million, $2.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Income tax expense in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was primarily related to income earned in certain of our international subsidiaries, California state income tax and U.S. federal alternative minimum tax expense.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

See Note 2(r) of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements and our expectation of their impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Net Income (Loss)

 

Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $0.5 million compared to net income of $30.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, representing a change of $31.3 million. The change of $31.3 million was primarily a result of the following (in millions):

 

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2008

   $ 30.8   

Decreased Kuvan collaborative agreement revenue

     (36.5

Increased research and development expense

     (21.8

Increased selling, general and administrative expense

     (17.7

Decreased interest income

     (11.3

Increased Naglazyme gross profit

     27.2   

Increased Kuvan gross profit

     23.5   

Gain on the sale of equity investments

     1.6   

Increased impairment loss on equity investments

     (1.8

Decreased biopterin license fee revenues

     (1.0

Decreased Aldurazyme gross profit

     (0.3

Decreased interest expense

     2.3   

Increased Orapred royalty revenue

     1.8   

Decreased amortization of acquired intangible assets

     1.5   

Decreased income tax expense

     1.5   

Other individually insignificant fluctuations

     (0.3
    


Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2009

   $ (0.5
    


 

The decrease in Kuvan collaborative agreement revenue is attributed to our fulfillment of all performance obligations related to the 2005 up-front license payment of $25.0 million from Merck Serono in December 2008 and the absence of the $30.0 million Kuvan EMEA approval milestone earned in 2008. The increase in research and development expense in 2009 is primarily attributed to increases in development expense for our GALNS program for the treatment of MPS IV A, the $8.8 million of up-front costs associated with a product licensed from La Jolla, and increased stock-based compensation expense. The increase in selling, general and administrative expense is primarily due to increased facility and employee related costs and the continued international expansion of Naglazyme and commercialization of Kuvan in the U.S. The increase in Naglazyme gross profit in 2009 as compared to 2008 is primarily a result of additional patients initiating therapy outside the U.S. The increase in Kuvan gross profit in 2009 compared 2008 is primarily a result of additional patients initiating therapy in the U.S. See below for additional information related to the primary net income/loss fluctuations presented above, including details of our operating expense fluctuations.

 

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Our net income for the year ended December 31, 2008 increased by $46.6 million to $30.8 million, from a net loss of $15.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in net income in 2008 was primarily a result of the following (in millions):

 

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2007

   $ (15.8

Increased Naglazyme gross profit

     38.9   

Increased Aldurazyme gross profit

     52.2   

Increased Kuvan gross profit

     40.0   

Increased Kuvan royalty and license revenues

     15.3   

Increased research and development expenses

     (14.7

Increased selling, general and administrative expenses

     (29.0

Increased losses from BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

     (32.8

Decreased interest income

     (9.5

Impairment charge on Summit investment

     (4.1

Absence of Orapred milestone revenue

     (4.0

Increased interest expense

     (2.2

Increased income tax expense

     (1.9

Other individually insignificant fluctuations

     (1.6
    


Net income for the year ended December 31, 2008

   $ 30.8   
    


 

The increase in Naglazyme gross profit during 2008 as compared to 2007 is primarily a result of additional patients initiating therapy outside the U.S. and the EU as well as the favorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates on Naglazyme sales from customers outside the U.S. The increase in Aldurazyme gross profit is attributed to the restructuring of our joint venture with Genzyme effective January 1, 2008. Prior to the restructuring we recognized our 50% share of the net income of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC as equity in the income of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC in our consolidated statements of operations. The increase in Kuvan gross profit in 2008 compared to 2007 is attributed to the FDA approval of Kuvan in December 2007, which resulted in approximately two weeks of Kuvan sales in 2007 compared to twelve months in 2008. The increase in Kuvan royalty and license revenues is primarily attributed to the $30.0 million milestone received in 2008 from Merck Serono for the EMEA approval of Kuvan offset by the absence of the $15.0 million milestone received in 2007 for the acceptance of the Kuvan EMEA filing. The increase in selling, general and administrative expense was primarily due to the continued international expansion of Naglazyme and commercialization of Kuvan in the U.S. The increase in research and development expense was primarily due to increases in development expense for GALNS, a licensed product for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and other early stage programs. See below for additional information related to the primary net income/loss fluctuations presented above, including details of our operating expense fluctuations.

 

Net Product Revenues, Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

 

The following table shows a comparison of net product revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2007

   2008

   2009

   2007 vs.
2008


    2008 vs.
2009


 

Naglazyme

   $ 86.2    $ 132.7    $ 168.7    $ 46.5      $ 36.0   

Kuvan

     0.4      46.7      76.8      46.3        30.1   

Aldurazyme

     —        72.5      70.2      72.5        (2.3

Orapred

     0.2      —        —        (0.2 )     —     
    

  

  

  


 


Total Net Product Revenues

   $ 86.8    $ 251.9    $ 315.7    $ 165.1      $ 63.8   
    

  

  

  


 


 

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2009 as Compared to 2008

 

Net product revenues for Naglazyme in 2009 totaled $168.7 million, of which $138.9 million was earned from customers based outside the U.S. The negative impact of foreign currency exchange rates on Naglazyme sales denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar was approximately $4.4 million in 2009. Gross profit from Naglazyme sales in 2009 was approximately $134.0 million, representing gross margins of 79%, compared to gross profits of $106.8 million in 2008, representing gross margins of approximately 81%. The slight decrease in gross margins during 2009 as compared to 2008 is attributed to the negative foreign currency impact on revenue during 2009.

 

Net product revenue for Kuvan during 2009 was $76.8 million, compared to $46.7 million during 2008. With the commercial launch of Kuvan in the EU during the first half of 2009, we began receiving a royalty of approximately 4% on net sales of Kuvan from Merck Serono. During 2009, we earned $0.3 million in royalties from Merck Serono on net sales of $6.9 million. Gross profit from Kuvan in 2009 was approximately $63.9 million, representing gross margins of approximately 83%, compared to 2008 when gross profit totaled $40.4 million, representing gross margins of approximately 86%. Both periods reflect royalties paid to third parties of 11%. In accordance with our inventory accounting policy, we began capitalizing Kuvan inventory production costs after U.S. regulatory approval was obtained in December 2007. As a result, the product sold in 2008 had an insignificant cost basis. The cost of sales for Kuvan in 2008 is primarily comprised of royalties paid to third parties based on Kuvan net sales. We expect U.S. gross margins for Kuvan for the foreseeable future to be in the lower 80% range as the previously expensed inventory has been mostly depleted.

 

Pursuant to our relationship with Genzyme, we record a 39.5% to 50% royalty on worldwide net product sales of Aldurazyme. We also recognize product transfer revenue when product is released to Genzyme and all of our obligations have been fulfilled. Genzyme’s return rights for Aldurazyme are limited to defective product. The product transfer revenue represents the fixed amount per unit of Aldurazyme that Genzyme is required to pay us if the product is unsold by Genzyme. The amount of product transfer revenue will eventually be deducted from the calculated royalty rate when the product is sold by Genzyme.

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2008

   2009

   Change

 

Aldurazyme Revenue reported by Genzyme

   $ 151.3    $ 155.1    $ 3.8   

Royalties due from Genzyme

     60.1      61.8      1.7   

Incremental Aldurazyme product transfer revenue

     12.4      8.4      (4.0
    

  

  


Total Aldurazyme Net Product Revenues

   $ 72.5    $ 70.2    $ (2.3
    

  

  


Gross Profit

   $ 52.2    $ 51.9    $ (0.3 )
    

  

  


 

In January 2008, we transferred existing finished goods on-hand to Genzyme under the restructured terms of the BioMarin/Genzyme LLC agreements, resulting in the recognition of significant incremental product transfer revenue during 2008. In the future, to the extent that Genzyme Aldurazyme inventory quantities on hand remain flat, we expect that our total Aldurazyme revenues will approximate the 39.5% to 50% royalties on net product sales by Genzyme. In 2009, Aldurazyme gross margins were 74%, compared to 72% in 2008. Aldurazyme gross margins reflect the profit earned on royalty revenue and net incremental product transfer revenue. The change in gross margins is attributed to a shift in revenue mix between royalty revenue and net product transfer revenues. In 2009, the revenue mix was 88% royalty revenues and 12% net product transfer revenues, compared to 2008, where the revenue mix was 83% royalty revenues and 17% net product transfer revenues. Aldurazyme gross margins are expected to fluctuate depending on the mix of royalty revenue, from which we earn higher gross profit, and product transfer revenue, from which we earn a lower gross profit.

 

Total cost of sales in 2009 was $65.9 million, compared to $52.5 million in 2008. The increase in cost of sales in 2009 compared to 2008 is attributed to the increase in Naglazyme and Kuvan product sales.

 

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2008 as Compared to 2007

 

Net product revenues for Naglazyme in 2008 totaled $132.7 million, of which $111.2 million was earned from end-user customers based outside the U.S. The positive impact of foreign currency exchange rates on Naglazyme sales from customers based outside the U.S. was approximately $5.7 million in 2008 compared to $4.3 million in 2007. Gross profit from Naglazyme in 2008 was approximately $106.8 million, representing gross margins of approximately 81%, as compared to $67.9 million in 2007, representing gross margins of approximately 79%. The increase in gross margins is attributed to both foreign currency benefits and improved manufacturing yields.

 

We received marketing approval for Kuvan in the U.S. in December 2007 and began shipping product that same month. Net product sales for Kuvan in the U.S. for 2008 were $46.7 million. Gross profit from Kuvan in 2008 was approximately $40.4 million, representing gross margins of approximately 86%, which reflect royalties paid to third parties of 11%. In accordance with our inventory accounting policy, we began capitalizing Kuvan inventory production costs after U.S. regulatory approval was obtained in December 2007. As a result, the product sold in 2008 had an insignificant cost basis. The cost of sales for Kuvan for 2008 is principally comprised of royalties paid to third parties based on Kuvan net sales.

 

Prior to the restructuring of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC effective January 2008, we did not record Aldurazyme revenue and instead recorded our share of the net profits from the joint venture.

 

Total cost of sales during 2008 was $52.5 million, a significant increase compared to $18.4 million in 2007. The increase is primarily due to the increased net product revenues discussed above, as well as the restructuring of the joint venture with Genzyme, prior to which we did not recognize Aldurazyme net product revenues and the related cost of sales that were recognized by the joint venture.

 

Collaborative Agreement Revenues

 

Collaborative agreement revenues include both license revenue and contract research revenue under our agreement with Merck Serono, which was executed in May 2005. License revenues are related to amortization of the $25.0 million up-front license payment received from Merck Serono and contract research revenues are related to shared development costs that are incurred by us, of which approximately 50% is reimbursed by Merck Serono. Our performance obligations related to the initial $25.0 million up-front license payment were completed in December 2008. Therefore, periods subsequent to December 31, 2008 do not include amortization amounts related to this payment. As shared development spending increases or decreases, contract research revenues will also change proportionately. Reimbursable revenues are expected to increase if PEG-PAL successfully completes Phase 2 clinical trials and Merck Serono exercises its option to co-develop it. The related costs are included in research and development expenses. The following table details the components of collaborative agreement revenues for the three years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,

     2007

   2008

   2009

Amortization of the $25.0 million up-front license payment from Merck Serono

   $ 6.9    $ 5.2    $ —  

Reimbursable Kuvan development costs

     6.4      3.7      2.4

Kuvan EMEA approval milestone from Merck Serono

     —        30.0      —  

Kuvan EMEA filing acceptance milestone from Merck Serono

     15.0      —        —  
    

  

  

Total

   $ 28.3    $ 38.9    $ 2.4
    

  

  

 

Royalty and License Revenues

 

Royalty and license revenues for 2009 include $5.6 million of Orapred product royalties, a product we acquired in 2004 and sublicensed in 2006, and $1.0 million of 6R-BH4 royalty revenues for product sold in

 

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Japan. Royalty and license revenues for 2008 included $3.8 million of Orapred product royalties, a $1.5 million milestone payment related to the Japanese approval of biopterin, which contains the same active ingredient as Kuvan, for the treatment of patients with PKU and 6R-BH4 royalty revenues of $0.4 million for product sold in Japan. Royalty and license revenues in 2007 included Orapred product royalty revenues of $2.3 million and a $4.0 million milestone payment related to the one-year anniversary of FDA approval of the marketing application for Orapred ODT. There is no cost of sales associated with the royalty and license revenues recorded during the periods and no related costs are expected in future periods.

 

Research and Development Expense

 

Our research and development expense includes personnel, facility and external costs associated with the research and development of our product candidates and products. These research and development costs primarily include preclinical and clinical studies, manufacturing of our product candidates prior to regulatory approval, quality control and assurance and other product development expenses, such as regulatory costs.

 

Research and development expenses increased by $21.8 million to $115.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, from $93.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The change in research and development expenses for the year ended 2009 was primarily a result of the following (in millions):

 

Research and development expense for year ended December 31, 2008

  $ 93.3   

License payment related to collaboration with La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company

    8.8   

Increased GALNS for Morquio Syndrome Type A development expense

    5.2   

Increased stock-based compensation expense

    3.3   

Increased depreciation expense

    2.1   

Increased Duchenne muscular dystrophy program development expense

    1.6   

Decreased 6R-BH4 development expenses for indications other than PKU

    (8.9

Increased Prodrug development expenses

    0.8   

Increased Kuvan development expenses

    0.8   

Increased Naglazyme development expenses

    0.2   

Increased research and development expenses on early development stage programs

    0.2   

Increase in non-allocated research and development expenses and other net changes

    7.7   
   


Research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2009

  $ 115.1   
   


 

During the first quarter of 2009, we paid La Jolla an up-front license fee for the rights to develop and commercialize their investigational drug, Riquent. In February 2009, the results of the first interim efficacy analysis for the Phase 3 ASPEN Study were announced, and the Independent Data Monitoring Board determined that the continuation of the trial was futile. Based on the results of this interim efficacy analysis, we and La Jolla decided to stop the study and in March 2009, we terminated the license agreement. As such, there will not be any additional development expense for Riquent. The increase in GALNS development expenses is primarily attributed to an increased costs related to the Phase 1/2 clinical trial that was initiated in April 2009. The increase in stock-based compensation expense is a result of an increased number of options outstanding due to an increased number of employees. The increase in Duchenne muscular dystrophy program development expense is primarily attributed to increased pre-clinical activities related to the product candidate. The decrease in 6R-BH4 development expense expenses for indications other than PKU is primarily due to a decline in clinical studies in 2009. The increase in Kuvan research and development expense is attributed to long-term clinical activities related to post-approval regulatory commitments. The increase in non-allocated research and development expense primarily includes increases in general research costs and research and development personnel costs that are not allocated to specific programs. We expect to continue incurring significant research and development expense for the foreseeable future due to long-term clinical activities related to post-approval

 

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regulatory commitments related to our products and spending on our GALNS, PEG-PAL, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Firdapse programs and our other product candidates.

 

Research and development expenses increased by $14.7 million to $93.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, from $78.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The change in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 was primarily as a result of the following (in millions):

 

Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007

  $ 78.6   

Increased GALNS for Morquio Syndrome Type A development expenses

    11.2   

Decreased PEG-PAL development costs

    (2.1

Increase in research and development expense on other early stage programs

    5.7   

Increased Aldurazyme development expenses

    1.6   

Increased stock-based compensation expense

    1.6   

License payment related to collaboration with Summit Corporation plc

    1.4   

Decreased Kuvan clinical trial and manufacturing costs

    (9.1

Decreased 6R-BH4 development costs for indications other than PKU

    (0.6

Increase in non-allocated research and development expense and other net changes

    5.0   
   


Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008

  $ 93.3   
   


 

The increase in GALNS development costs is primarily attributed to an increase in pre-clinical studies and manufacturing costs. The increase in Aldurazyme development costs relate to certain development costs that are no longer charged to the joint venture. The decrease in Kuvan clinical trial and manufacturing costs was primarily related to the capitalization of these costs into inventory during 2008 whereas in 2007 these costs were expensed prior to the FDA approval in December 2007. The decrease in PEG-PAL development costs was primarily due to a decline in pre-clinical studies in 2008. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was a result of an increased number of options outstanding due to increased headcount and a higher average stock price on the related grant date. The increase in non-allocated research and development primarily includes increases in facilities costs, general research costs and research and development personnel.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

 

Our selling, general and administrative expense includes commercial and administrative personnel, corporate facility and external costs required to support our commercialized products and product development programs. These selling, general and administrative costs include: corporate facility operating expenses and depreciation; marketing and sales operations; human resources; finance; legal and support personnel expenses; and other external corporate costs such as insurance, audit and legal fees.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $17.7 million to $124.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, from $106.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The components of the change for the year ended 2009 primarily include the following (in millions):

 

Selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2008

  $ 106.6   

Increased Naglazyme sales and marketing expenses

    2.9   

Increased Kuvan commercialization expenses

    3.7   

Increased stock-based compensation expense

    3.4   

Increased depreciation expense

    2.3   

Increased information technology expense

    1.9   

Increased foreign exchange gains on un-hedged transactions

    (2.1

Net increase in corporate overhead and other administrative expenses

    5.6   
   


Selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2009

  $ 124.3   
   


 

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The increase in Naglazyme sales and marketing expenses in 2009 was attributed to continued expansion of our international activities. The increase in stock-based compensation expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009 was the result of an increased number of outstanding stock options due to an increase in the number of employees. We incurred increased Kuvan commercialization expenses as a result of increased commercialization efforts in the U.S. and Canada. The increase in corporate overhead and other administrative costs during 2009 is primarily comprised of increased employee related costs. We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in future periods as a result of the international expansion of Naglazyme, the European launch of Firdapse and the U.S. commercialization activities for Kuvan.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $29.1 million, to $106.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, from $77.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The components of the change for the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily include the following (in millions):

 

Selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2007

   $ 77.5

Increased Naglazyme sales and marketing expenses

     7.6

Increased stock-based compensation expense

     4.4

Increased Kuvan commercialization expenses

     9.8

Increased foreign exchange losses on un-hedged transactions

     2.0

Net increase in corporate overhead and other administrative costs

     5.3
    

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008

   $ 106.6
    

 

Naglazyme sales and marketing expenses increased in 2008, primarily due to the expansion of our international commercial activities. We also incurred increased commercialization expenses related to the Kuvan commercial launch. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was the result of an increased number of outstanding options and a higher average stock price on the related grant date. The increase in corporate overhead and other administrative costs was primarily related to increases in salaries and benefits due to our growth in administrative employee headcount, consulting fees, travel, facilities and non-income taxes.

 

Amortization of Intangible Assets

 

Amortization of acquired intangible assets includes the current amortization expense of the intangible assets acquired in the Ascent Pediatrics transaction in May 2004, including the Orapred developed and core technology. In June 2009, we completed the purchase of all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of BioMarin Pediatrics II (formerly known as Ascent Pediatrics, Inc. and Medicis Pediatrics, Inc.), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation (Medicis) as required by the original transaction agreements from 2004 for $70.6 million. Medicis’ sole substantive asset was the intellectual property related to the Orapred franchise. Subsequently, we transferred the exclusive intellectual property rights to our sublicense in July 2009.

 

Amortization expense related to the Orapred intangible assets totaled $2.9 million in 2009, compared to $4.4 million in both 2008 and 2007. Amortization expense in 2009 included seven months of expense, compared to 2008 and 2007 which included twelve months of expense, which accounts for the decrease in amortization expense in 2009 compared to 2008 and 2007.

 

Kuvan license payments, recorded as intangible assets, made to third parties as a result of the FDA approval of Kuvan in December 2007 and the EMEA approval of Kuvan in December 2008 are being amortized over approximately 7.0 years and 10.0 years, respectively. Amortization of the Kuvan intangible assets is recorded as a component of cost of sales and is expected to approximate $0.6 million annually through 2014 and $0.3 million annually through 2018. Amortization expense related to the Kuvan intangible assets for the years ended 2008 and 2009 was $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Kuvan intangible asset was insignificant in 2007. The increase in Kuvan related amortization expense in 2009 is attributed to the EMEA approval milestone paid to us in December 2008.

 

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Equity in the Income (Loss) of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

 

Equity in the loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC includes our 50% share of the joint venture’s loss for the period. Effective January 2008, we and Genzyme restructured BioMarin/Genzyme LLC regarding the manufacturing, marketing and sale of Aldurazyme. As of January 1, 2008, BioMarin/Genzyme LLC’s operations consist primarily of certain research and development activities and the intellectual property which continues to be managed by the joint venture with costs shared equally by BioMarin and Genzyme.

 

Equity in the loss of the joint venture totaled $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2009, compared to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. In 2007, equity in the income of the joint venture was $30.5 million; the decrease in 2008 and 2009 years is attributed to the restructuring of the joint venture which became effective January 1, 2008. Prior to the restructuring of the joint venture in 2008, all Aldurazyme sales were recognized by the joint venture, which resulted in $30.5 million of income to us in 2007.

 

Interest Income

 

We invest our cash, short-term and long-term investments in government and other high credit quality securities in order to limit default and market risk. Interest income totaled $5.1 million, $16.4 million and $25.9 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The reduced interest yields during 2009 and 2008 were due to lower market interest rates and decreased levels of cash and investments. We expect that interest income will decline during 2010 as compared to 2009 due to reduced interest yields and lower cash and investment balances.

 

Interest Expense

 

We incur interest expense on our convertible debt. Interest expense also includes imputed interest expense on the discounted acquisition obligation for the Ascent Pediatrics transaction. Interest expense in 2009 was $14.1 million and included imputed interest of $2.6 million. Interest expense in 2008 and 2007 totaled $16.4 million and $14.2 million, respectively, and included imputed interest of $4.4 million and $4.5 million, respectively. Imputed interest will not be incurred in future periods as the Medicis obligation has been paid in full.

 

Changes in Financial Position

 

December 31, 2009 Compared to December 31, 2008

 

From December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009, our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments decreased by $90.9 million, primarily as a result of the settlement the Medicis obligation, the acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals and increased capital expenditures. These decreases in cash and investments were substantially offset by the receipt of the $30.0 million milestone for Kuvan EMEA approval and cash flows from operating activities. Our accounts receivable increased by $19.2 million due to increased sales of Naglazyme and Kuvan and receivables from Genzyme for Aldurazyme product transfer and royalty revenues. Other current assets decreased approximately $35.6 million from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009, primarily as a result of the receipt of the $30.0 million related to the EMEA milestone earned from Merck Serono in December 31, 2008 that was paid in January 2009, and the reclassification of $6.2 million in cash which was restricted from use until June 2009 when we paid the remaining acquisition obligation resulting from the Ascent Pediatrics transaction to Medicis. Our net property, plant and equipment increased by approximately $74.2 million from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009, primarily as a result of continued expansion and improvements to our facilities during the period. We expect property, plant and equipment to increase in future periods, due to several ongoing facility improvement projects, and we expect depreciation expense to increase as the assets are placed into service.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Cash and Cash Flow

 

As of December 31, 2009, our combined cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments totaled $470.5 million, a decrease of $90.9 million from $561.4 million at December 31, 2008.

 

The decrease in our combined cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments during 2009 was $90.9 million, which was $66.7 million more than the net decrease in 2008 of $24.2 million. The primary items contributing to the decrease in net cash outflow in 2009 were as follows (in millions):

 

Decreased distributions from Genzyme/BioMarin LLC

   $ (16.7

Increased Orapred acquisition payments, primarily the final balloon payment of the Medicis obligation

     (67.1

Increased capital asset purchases

     (33.4

Acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

     (15.5

Decreased proceeds from ESPP and stock option exercises

     (17.6

Net increased proceeds from the sale of equity investments and net decreased investments in equity investments

     1.4   

Milestone payment received for Kuvan EMEA approval

     30.0   

Net increase in cash provided by operating activities, including net payments for working capital, and other

     52.2   
    


Total decrease in net cash outflow

   $ (66.7
    


 

The net decrease in operating spend includes increases in cash receipts from net revenues, partially offset by increases in cash payments made for operating activities, such as research and development and sales and marketing efforts, as discussed in “Results of Operations” above. Increased capital purchases primarily relate to continued expansion of corporate and manufacturing facilities at our Novato, California campus. Net payments for working capital in 2009 primarily include decreased inventory build of $8.4 million, which excluded the inventory distribution from the joint venture and the decreased accounts receivable build of $18.1 million, and the receipt of the Merck Serono $30.0 million milestone payment earned in December 2008 related to the EMEA approval of Kuvan.

 

On October 23, 2009, we acquired Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. which has rights to a proprietary form of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), amifampridine phosphate for the treatment of the rare autoimmune disease LEMS for a total purchase price of $37.2 million, of which $15.0 million was paid in cash and $22.2 million is contingent purchase price, of which $1.0 million was paid in the fourth quarter of 2009. In connection with the acquisition, we agreed to pay Huxley stockholders additional consideration in future periods of up to $42.9 million (undiscounted) in milestone payments if certain annual sales, cumulative sales and U.S. development milestones are met.

 

We purchased all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of BioMarin Pediatrics II (formerly known as Ascent Pediatrics, Inc. and Medicis Pediatrics, Inc.) (Pediatrics) a wholly-owned subsidiary of Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation (Medicis) as required by the original transaction agreements from 2004 for $70.6 million in cash. Pediatrics’ sole substantial asset was the intellectual property related to the Orapred franchise. The stock purchase was substantially completed in accordance with the terms of the previously disclosed Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 18, 2004 and amended on January 12, 2005, by and among BioMarin, Medicis and Pediatrics. As a result of the completion of the transaction with Medicis, $9.1 million in cash was released from escrow pursuant to the sublicense and was reclassified from restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents in June 2009.

 

We expect that our net cash outflow in 2010 related to capital asset purchases will decrease significantly compared to 2009. The expected decrease in capital asset purchases primarily reflects the substantial completion of our manufacturing facility and the related spending on manufacturing and lab equipment.

 

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We have historically financed our operations primarily by the issuance of common stock and convertible debt and by relying on equipment and other commercial financing. During 2010, and for the foreseeable future, we will be highly dependent on our net product revenue to supplement our current liquidity and fund our operations. We may in the future elect to supplement this with further debt or equity offerings or commercial borrowing. Further, depending on market conditions, our financial position and performance and other factors, in the future we may choose to use a portion of our cash or cash equivalents to repurchase our convertible debt or other securities.

 

Funding Commitments

 

We expect to fund our operations with our net product revenues from our commercial products; cash; cash equivalents; short-term and long-term investments supplemented by proceeds from equity or debt financings; and loans or collaborative agreements with corporate partners, each to the extent necessary. We expect our current cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments will meet our operating and capital requirements for the foreseeable future based on our current long-term business plans and assuming that we are able to achieve our long-term goals. This expectation could also change depending on how much we elect to spend on our development programs and for potential licenses and acquisitions of complementary technologies, products and companies.

 

Our investment in our product development programs and continued development of our existing commercial products has a major impact on our operating performance. Our research and development expenses for the three years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and for the period since inception (March 1997 for the portion not allocated to any major program) represent the following (in millions):

 

     Year Ended
December 31,


   Since Program
Inception


     2007

   2008

   2009

  

Naglazyme

   $ 8.8    $ 9.6    $ 9.8    $ 132.4

Kuvan

     19.9      10.8      11.5      101.3

GALNS for Morquio Syndrome Type A

     2.2      12.6      17.7      34.1

6R-BH4 for indications other than PKU

     15.0      14.7      4.4      46.5

PEG-PAL

     13.2      11.0      11.2      42.4

Not allocated to specific major current projects

     19.5      28.4      35.5      222.0
    

  

  

  

     $ 78.6    $ 87.1    $ 90.1    $ 578.7
    

  

  

  

 

We cannot estimate the cost to complete any of our product development programs. Additionally, except as disclosed under “Overview” above, we cannot estimate the time to complete any of our product development programs or when we expect to receive net cash inflows from any of our product development programs. Please see “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a discussion of the reasons that we are unable to estimate such information, and in particular the following risk factors included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K “—If we fail to maintain regulatory approval to commercially market and sell our drugs, or if approval is delayed, we will be unable to generate revenue from the sale of these products, our potential for generating positive cash flow will be diminished, and the capital necessary to fund our operations will be increased;” “—To obtain regulatory approval to market our products, preclinical studies and costly and lengthy preclinical and clinical trials are required and the results of the studies and trials are highly uncertain;” “—If we are unable to successfully develop manufacturing processes for our drug products to produce sufficient quantities at acceptable costs, we may be unable to meet demand for our products and lose potential revenue, have reduced margins or be forced to terminate a program;” “—If we fail to compete successfully with respect to product sales, we may be unable to generate sufficient sales to recover our expenses related to the development of a product program or to justify continued marketing of a product and our revenue could be

 

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adversely affected;” and “—If we do not achieve our projected development goals in the timeframes we announce and expect, the commercialization of our products may be delayed and the credibility of our management may be adversely affected and, as a result, our stock price may decline.

 

We may elect to increase our spending above our current long-term plans and may be unable to achieve our long-term goals. This could increase our capital requirements, including: costs associated with the commercialization of our products; additional clinical trials and the manufacturing of Naglazyme, Aldurazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse; preclinical studies and clinical trials for our other product candidates; potential licenses and other acquisitions of complementary technologies, products and companies; general corporate purposes; and working capital.

 

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

 

   

our ability to successfully market and sell Naglazyme, Kuvan and Firdapse;

 

   

Genzyme’s ability to continue to successfully market and commercialize Aldurazyme;

 

   

the progress, timing, scope and results of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

 

   

the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals and the costs of post-marketing studies which may be required by regulatory authorities;

 

   

the time and cost necessary to develop commercial manufacturing processes, including quality systems and to build or acquire manufacturing capabilities;

 

   

the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments;

 

   

any changes made to or new developments in our existing collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships or any new collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships that we may establish; and

 

   

whether our convertible debt is converted to common stock in the future.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that are currently material or reasonably likely to be material to our financial position or results of operations.

 

Borrowings and Contractual Obligations

 

In April 2007, we sold approximately $324.9 million of senior subordinated convertible debt due April 2017. The debt was issued at face value and bears interest at the rate of 1.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash. The debt is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time prior to maturity, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of approximately $20.36 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. There is a no call provision included and we are unable to unilaterally redeem the debt prior to maturity in 2017. We also must repay the debt if there is a qualifying change in control or termination of trading of our common stock. In March 2006, we sold approximately $172.5 million of senior subordinated convertible notes due 2013. The debt was issued at face value and bears interest at the rate of 2.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash. There is a no call provision included and we are unable to unilaterally redeem the debt prior to maturity in 2013. The debt is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time prior to maturity, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of approximately $16.58 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. However, we must repay the debt prior to maturity if there is a qualifying change in control or termination of trading of our common stock. Our $497.1 million of convertible debt will impact our liquidity due to the semi-annual cash interest payments and the scheduled repayments of the debt.

 

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We have contractual and commercial obligations under our debt, operating leases and other obligations related to research and development activities, purchase commitments, licenses and sales royalties with annual minimums. Information about these obligations as of December 31, 2009 is presented below (in thousands).

 

    Payments Due by Period

    2010

  2011

  2012
-2013


  2014-2015

  2016 and
Thereafter


  Total

Convertible debt and related interest

  $ 10,401   $ 10,401   $ 190,853   $ 12,183   $ 334,012   $ 557,850

Operating leases

    4,283     4,037     6,495     2,238     2,378     19,431

Research and development and purchase commitments

    47,973     9,798     3,925     3,104     3,269     68,069
   

 

 

 

 

 

Total

  $ 62,657   $ 24,236   $ 201,273   $ 17,525   $ 339,659   $ 645,350
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

We are also subject to contingent payments related to various development activities totaling approximately $167.5 million, which are due upon achievement of certain regulatory and licensing milestones, and if they occur before certain dates in the future.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

Our former Chief Medical Officer, Emil D. Kakkis, M.D., Ph.D., once held an adjunct faculty position with LA Biomedical, formerly known as Harbor-UCLA Research Educational Institute, for purposes of conducting research. LA Biomedical licenses certain intellectual property and provides other research services to us. We are also obligated to pay LA Biomedical a minimum annual payment and royalties on future sales of products covered by the license agreement. Our joint venture with Genzyme is subject to a second agreement with LA Biomedical that requires our joint venture partner to pay LA Biomedical a royalty on sales of Aldurazyme through November 2019. Pursuant to Dr. Kakkis’ agreements with LA Biomedical, which were entered into prior to his employment by us, Dr. Kakkis is entitled to certain portions of these amounts payable to LA Biomedical. The license agreements were effective before Dr. Kakkis was an officer of our company. Pursuant to Dr. Kakkis’ agreements with LA Biomedical, he was entitled to approximately $1.4 million and $1.8 million related to Aldurazyme during 2007 and 2008, respectively. There were no related party transactions in 2009.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

 

Interest Rate Market Risk

 

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. By policy, we place our investments with highly rated credit issuers and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in our policy, we seek to improve the safety and likelihood of preservation of our invested funds by limiting default risk and market risk.

 

We mitigate default risk by investing in high credit quality securities and by positioning our portfolio to respond appropriately to a significant reduction in a credit rating of any investment issuer or guarantor. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity.

 

As of December 31, 2009, our investment portfolio did not include any investments with significant exposure to the subprime mortgage market issues. Based on our investment portfolio and interest rates at December 31, 2009, we believe that a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates could result in a potential loss in fair value of our investment portfolio of approximately $4.7 million. Changes in interest rates may affect the fair value of our investment portfolio. However, we will not recognize such gains or losses in our consolidated statement of operations unless the investments are sold.

 

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The table below presents the carrying value of our cash and investment portfolio, which approximates fair value at December 31, 2009 (in thousands):

 

     Carrying
Value


 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 167,171

Short-term investments

     133,506 ** 

Long-term investments

     169,849 *** 
    


Total

   $ 470,526   
    



* 89% of cash and cash equivalents invested in money market instruments and 11% in uninvested cash.
** 44% of short-term investments invested in corporate securities, 26% invested in U.S. government treasuries, 23% in certificates of deposit, 6% in commercial paper and 1% in equity securities.
*** 28% of long-term investments invested in U.S. government treasuries, 61% in corporate securities and 11% in certificates of deposit.

 

Our debt obligations consist of our convertible debt, which carries a fixed interest rate and, as a result, we are not exposed to interest rate market risk on our convertible debt. The carrying value of our convertible debt approximates its fair value at December 31, 2009.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Market Risk

 

We transact business in various foreign currencies, primarily in certain European countries. Accordingly, we are subject to exposure from movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily related to Euro and British Pound revenue from sales of our products in Europe. Our operating expenses in the United Kingdom and other European counties are in British Pounds and Euros, respectively. Both serve to mitigate a portion of the exposure related to the above-mentioned revenue in both markets.

 

We hedge a portion of our net position in assets and liabilities denominated in Euros and British Pounds using primarily forward contracts. We also hedge a percentage of our forecasted international revenue with forward contracts. Our hedging policy is designed to reduce the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements.

 

In the second quarter of 2008, we commenced hedging a portion of our forecasted revenues denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar to help mitigate short-term exposure to fluctuations of the currency by entering into foreign exchange forward rate contracts. These contracts have maturities of less than 12 months.

 

Our hedging programs are expected to reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the short-term impact of currency exchange rate movements in operating expenses. As of December 31, 2009, we had foreign currency forward contracts to sell approximately $74.1 million in Euros and $4.0 million in British Pounds. As of December 31, 2009, our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts had a fair value of $0.9 million, of which $0.1 million is included in other current assets, and $0.8 million is included in accrued expenses.

 

We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, nor do we hedge foreign currency exposure in a manner that entirely offsets the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates. The counterparty to these forward contracts is a creditworthy multinational commercial bank, which minimizes the risk of counterparty nonperformance. We currently do not use financial instruments to hedge local currency operating expenses in Europe. Instead, we believe that a natural hedge exists, in that local currency revenue substantially offsets the local currency operating expenses. We regularly review our hedging program and may, as part of this review, make changes to the program.

 

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Based on our overall currency rate exposures at December 31, 2009, we expect that a near-term 10% fluctuation of the U.S. dollar could result in the potential change in the fair value of our foreign currency sensitive assets and investments by approximately $4.7 million. We expect to enter into new transactions based in foreign currencies that could be impacted by changes in exchange rates.

 

At December 31, 2009, we had cash of approximately $10.2 million denominated in foreign country currencies, which represented approximately 2% of the total investment portfolio. As a result, our investment portfolio is subject to limited amounts of foreign exchange risk.

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

The information required to be filed in this item appears on pages F-1 to F-42 of this report.

 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 

None.

 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

An evaluation was carried out, under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting. Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2009. Our management’s assessment was based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO, Internal Control-Integrated Framework.

 

Based on using the COSO criteria, we believe our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009 was effective.

 

Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and has issued a report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. The report of KPMG LLP is incorporated by reference from Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

 

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Scope of the Effectiveness of Controls

 

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

 

   

pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets;

 

   

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and our board of directors; and

 

   

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

Item 9B. Other Information

 

None

 

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Part III

 

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 

We incorporate information regarding our directors, executive officers and corporate governance into this section by reference from sections captioned “Election of Directors” and “Executive Officers” in the proxy statement for our 2010 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation

 

We incorporate information regarding executive compensation into this section by reference from the section captioned “Executive Compensation” in the proxy statement for our 2010 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 

We incorporate information regarding security ownership of our beneficial owners, management and related stockholder matters into this section by reference from the section captioned “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners” in the proxy statement for our 2010 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

 

We incorporate information regarding certain relationships, related transactions and director independence into this section by reference from the section captioned “Interest of Insiders in Material Transactions” in the proxy statement for our 2010 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 

We incorporate information regarding our principal accountant fees and services into this section by reference from the section captioned “Auditors” in the proxy statement for our 2010 annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Part IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

 

Financial Statements

 

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  F-1

Consolidated Balance Sheets

  F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations

  F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

  F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

  F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

  F-7

 

In accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, the comparative audited 2007 and 2009 and unaudited 2008 consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC, which constituted a significant subsidiary in 2009, will be filed subsequently as an amendment to this Form 10-K.

 

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Exhibit Index

 

  2.1    Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of April 20, 2004, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Ascent Pediatrics, Inc. and BioMarin Pediatrics Inc., previously filed with the Commission on June 2, 2004 as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  2.2    Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of May 18, 2004, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Ascent Pediatrics, Inc. and BioMarin Pediatrics Inc., previously filed with the Commission on June 2, 2004 as Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  2.3    License Agreement dated as of May 18, 2004, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation, Ascent Pediatrics, Inc. and BioMarin Pediatrics Inc., previously filed with the Commission on June 2, 2004 as Exhibit 2.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  2.4    Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release dated January 12, 2005, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., BioMarin Pediatrics Inc., Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation and Medicis Pediatrics, Inc. (f/k/a Ascent Pediatrics, Inc.), previously filed with the Commission on March 16, 2005 as Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  2.5    Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 12, 2005, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., BioMarin Pediatrics Inc., Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation and Medicis Pediatrics, Inc. (f/k/a Ascent Pediatrics, Inc.), previously filed with the Commission on March 16, 2005 as Exhibit 2.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  2.6    Amendment to License Agreement dated January 12, 2005, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., BioMarin Pediatrics Inc., Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation and Medicis Pediatrics, Inc. (f/k/a Ascent Pediatrics, Inc.), previously filed with the Commission on March 16, 2005 as Exhibit 2.6 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended June 12, 2003, previously filed with the Commission on June 23, 2003 as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  3.2    Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., previously filed with the Commission on April 4, 2005 as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  3.3    Amended and Restated By-Laws of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  4.1    Amended and Restated Rights Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2009, between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Mellon Investor Services LLC, as Rights Agent, previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  4.2    Indenture dated June 23, 2003, by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company, previously filed with the Commission on August 12, 2003 as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  4.3    Indenture dated March 29, 2006, by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company, previously filed with the Commission on March 29, 2006 as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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4.4    First Supplemental Indenture dated March 29, 2006, by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company, previously filed with the Commission on March 29, 2006 as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
4.5    Form of 2.5% Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2013, previously filed with the Commission on March 29, 2006 as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.1    Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Officers, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.2    Amended and Restated Severance Plan and Summary Plan Description as originally adopted on January 27, 2004 and amended and restated on May 12, 2009, previously filed with the Commission on July 31, 2009 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference herein.
10.3    Amendment to 1997 Stock Plan, as amended, as adopted March 20, 2002, previously filed with the Commission on March 21, 2002 as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.4    Amendment No. 2 to 1997 Stock Plan, as adopted May 5, 2004, previously filed with the Commission on August 9, 2004 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.5    Amended and Restated BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. 2006 Share Incentive Plan, as adopted on June 21, 2006, previously filed with the Commission on June 16, 2006 as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.6    1998 Director Option Plan and forms of agreements thereunder, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.7    Amendment to 1998 Director Plan as adopted March 26, 2003 previously filed with the Commission on May 15, 2003 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.8    Amendment No. 2 to 1998 Director Option Plan, as adopted June 12, 2003 and July 21, 2003, previously filed with the Commission on August 12, 2003 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.9    Amendment No. 3 to 1998 Director Option Plan, as adopted May 5, 2004, previously filed with the Commission on August 9, 2004 as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.10    Amended and Restated 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as adopted on June 21, 2006, previously filed with the Commission on August 3, 2006 as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.11    Amended and Restated BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan, as adopted on December 1, 2005 and as amended and restated on January 1, 2009, previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008 as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.12    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Jean-Jacques Bienaimé dated January 1, 2009 previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008, as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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10.13    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Stephen Aselage dated January 1, 2009 previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008 as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.14    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Robert A. Baffi dated January 1, 2009 previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008, as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.15    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Emil D. Kakkis, M.D., Ph.D. dated January 1, 2009 previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008 as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.16    Severance Agreement with Dr. Emil D. Kakkis, dated May 28, 2009, previously filed with the SEC on June 3, 2009 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.17    Consulting Agreement between the Company and Dr. Emil D. Kakkis, dated July 1, 2009 previously filed with the SEC on June 3, 2009 as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.18    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Jeffrey H. Cooper dated January 1, 2009 previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008 as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.19    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with G. Eric Davis dated January 1, 2009, previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2005 as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.20    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Mark Wood dated January 1, 2009 previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008 as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.21    Employment Agreement with Stuart J. Swiedler, M.D., Ph.D., dated April 9, 2007, previously filed with the Commission on May 3, 2007 as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.22    Employment Agreement with Henry Fuchs, dated March 18, 2009, previously filed with the Commission on March 23, 2009 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.23    Grant Terms and Conditions Agreement between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute dated April 1, 1997, as amended, previously filed with the Commission on July 21, 1999 as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company’s Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.24    License Agreement dated July 30, 2004, between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Daiichi Suntory Pharma Co., Ltd., as amended by Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement dated November 19, 2004, previously filed with the Commission on March 16, 2005 as Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.

 

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10.25    Development, License and Commercialization Agreement dated May 13, 2005, between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Ares Trading S.A., previously filed with the Commission on July 6, 2005 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a Request for Confidential Treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.26    Operating Agreement with Genzyme Corporation, previously filed with the Commission on July 21, 1999 as Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.27    2009 Technical Amendments to BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. 2006 Share Incentive Plan, effective January 1, 2009, previously filed with the Commission on December 23, 2008, as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.28    Amended and Restated License Agreement between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Women’s and Children’s Hospital dated February 7, 2007, previously filed with the Commission on May 3, 2007 as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a Request for Confidential Treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.29    Manufacturing, Marketing and Sales Agreement dated as of January 1, 2008, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Genzyme Corporation and BioMarin/Genzyme LLC previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2008 as Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a Request for Confidential Treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.30    Amended and Restated Collaboration Agreement dated as of January 1, 2008, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Genzyme Corporation and BioMarin/Genzyme LLC previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2007 as Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a Request for Confidential Treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.31    Members Agreement dated as of January 1, 2008 by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Genzyme Corporation, BioMarin Genetics Inc., and BioMarin/Genzyme LLC previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2007 as Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.32    Development and Commercialization Agreement dated as of January 4, 2009 by and between BioMarin CF Limited and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.33    Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of January 4, 2009 by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
10.34    Amendment No. 1 to the Development and Commercialization Agreement dated as of January 16, 2009 by and between BioMarin CF Limited and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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10.35      Amendment No. 1 to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of January 16, 2009 by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.36      Summary of Bonus Plan, previously filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 as Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
10.37 *#    Stock Purchase Agreement by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the stockholders of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated October 20, 2009. Portions of this document have been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act.
21.1*      Subsidiaries of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.
23.1*      Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.
23.2*      Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for BioMarin/Genzyme LLC.
24.1*      Power of Attorney (Included in Signature Page)
31.1*      Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2*      Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1*      Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This Certification accompanies this report and shall not, except to the extent required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, be deemed filed for purposes of §18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
99.1*      BioMarin/Genzyme LLC Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2008, and for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.

* Filed herewith
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement
# Confidential treatment requested for a portion of this agreement

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

                BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC.
Dated: February 25, 2010       By:   /s/    JEFFREY H. COOPER        
               

Jeffrey H. Cooper

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jean-Jacques Bienaimé and Jeffrey H. Cooper, his or her attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to the Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

Signature


  

Title


 

Date


/s/    JEAN-JACQUES BIENAIMÉ        


  

Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

  February 25, 2010
Jean-Jacques Bienaimé     

/s/    JEFFREY H. COOPER        


Jeffrey H. Cooper

  

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

  February 25, 2010

/s/    PIERRE LAPALME        


  

Chairman and Director

  February 25, 2010
Pierre LaPalme     

/s/    ELAINE HERON        


  

Director

  February 25, 2010
Elaine Heron     

/s/    JOSEPH KLEIN, III        


  

Director

  February 25, 2010
Joseph Klein, III     

/s/    ALAN J. LEWIS        


  

Director

  February 25, 2010
Alan J. Lewis     

/s/    MICHAEL G. GREY        


  

Director

  February 25, 2010
Michael G. Grey     

/s/    RICHARD A. MEIER        


  

Director

  February 25, 2010
Richard A. Meier     

/s/    V. BRYAN LAWLIS        


  

Director

  February 25, 2010
V. Bryan Lawlis     

 

66


Table of Contents

INDEX TO BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-1

Consolidated Balance Sheets

   F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity  (Deficit) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

   F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-7


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We did not audit the financial statements of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (a 50 percent owned joint venture) for 2007. The Company’s equity in income of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (in thousands) was $30,525 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The financial statements of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC for 2007 were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for BioMarin/Genzyme LLC for 2007, is based solely on the report of the other auditors.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 25, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/s/    KPMG LLP

 

San Francisco, California

February 25, 2010

 

F-1


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.:

 

We have audited BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting in Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and our report dated February 25, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Our report refers to the report of other auditors.

 

/s/    KPMG LLP

 

San Francisco, California

February 25, 2010

 

F-2


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

 

     December 31,
2008


    December 31,
2009


 
ASSETS                 

Current assets:

                

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 222,900      $ 167,171   

Short-term investments

     336,892        133,506   

Accounts receivable, net

     54,298        73,540   

Inventory

     73,162        78,662   

Other current assets

     50,444        14,848   
    


 


Total current assets

     737,696        467,727   

Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

     915        441   

Long-term investments

     1,633        169,849   

Property, plant and equipment, net

     124,979        199,141   

Intangible assets, net

     7,626        40,977   

Goodwill

     21,262        23,722   

Other assets

     12,584        15,306   
    


 


Total assets

   $ 906,695      $ 917,163   
    


 


LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                 

Current liabilities:

                

Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities

   $ 59,033      $ 78,068   

Acquisition obligation, net of discount

     70,741        —     

Deferred revenue

     307        86   
    


 


Total current liabilities

     130,081        78,154   

Convertible debt

     497,083        497,083   

Other long-term liabilities

     2,856        19,741   
    


 


Total liabilities

     630,020        594,978   
    


 


Stockholders’ equity:

                

Common stock, $0.001 par value: 250,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2008 and 2009; 99,868,145 and 100,961,922 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively

     100        101   

Additional paid-in capital

     852,947        899,950   

Company common stock held by deferred compensation plan

     (882     (1,715

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     1,106        933   

Accumulated deficit

     (576,596     (577,084
    


 


Total stockholders’ equity

     276,675        322,185   
    


 


Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 906,695      $ 917,163   
    


 


 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-3


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009

(In thousands, except for per share data)

 

     December 31,

 
     2007

    2008

    2009

 

Revenues:

                        

Net product revenues

   $ 86,802      $ 251,851      $ 315,721   

Collaborative agreement revenues

     28,264        38,907        2,379   

Royalty and license revenues

     6,515        5,735        6,556   
    


 


 


Total revenues

     121,581        296,493        324,656   
    


 


 


Operating expenses:

                        

Cost of sales

     18,359        52,509        65,909   

Research and development

     78,600        93,291        115,116   

Selling, general and administrative

     77,539        106,566        124,290   

Amortization of acquired intangible assets

     4,371        4,371        2,914   
    


 


 


Total operating expenses

     178,869        256,737        308,229   
    


 


 


Income (Loss) from operations

     (57,288     39,756        16,427   

Equity in the income (loss) of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

     30,525        (2,270     (2,594

Interest income

     25,932        16,388        5,086   

Interest expense

     (14,243     (16,394     (14,090

Impairment loss on equity investments

     —          (4,056     (5,848

Net gain from sale of investments

     —          —          1,585   
    


 


 


Income (Loss) before income taxes

     (15,074     33,424        566   

Provision for income taxes

     729        2,593        1,054   
    


 


 


Net income (loss)

   $ (15,803   $ 30,831      $ (488
    


 


 


Net income (loss) per share, basic

   $ (0.16   $ 0.31      $ (0.00
    


 


 


Net income (loss) per share, diluted

   $ (0.16   $ 0.29      $ (0.00
    


 


 


Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

     95,878        98,975        100,271   
    


 


 


Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted

     95,878        103,572        100,271   
    


 


 


 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 (In thousands)

 

    Common stock

  Additional
Paid-in
Capital


  Company
Common Stock
held by
Deferred
Compensation
Plan


    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)


    Accumulated
Deficit


    Total
Stockholders’
Equity
(Deficit)


 
    Shares

  Amount

         

Balance at January 1, 2007

  91,726   $ 92   $ 709,359     —        $ (25   $ (591,624   $ 117,802   

Net loss

  —       —       —       —          —          (15,803     (15,803 )

Fair market value adjustments of available-for-sale investments

  —       —       —       —          62        —          62   

Foreign currency translation adjustment

  —       —       —       —          102        —          102   
                                           


Comprehensive loss

                                            (15,639 )

Issuance of common stock under ESPP

  275     —       1,928     —          —          —          1,928   

Exercise of common stock options

  1,443     1     13,291     —          —          —          13,292   

Conversion of convertible notes

  3,670     4     50,925     —          —          —          50,929   

Stock-based compensation

  —       —       19,414     —          —          —          19,414   
   
 

 

 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2007

  97,114   $ 97   $ 794,917     —        $ 139      $ (607,427   $ 187,726   
   
 

 

 


 


 


 


Net income

  —       —       —       —          —          30,831        30,831   

Fair market value adjustments of available-for-sale investments

  —       —       —       —          1,201        —          1,201   

Unrealized loss on foreign currency hedges

  —       —       —       —          (212     —          (212

Foreign currency translation adjustment

  —       —       —       —          (22     —          (22
                                           


Comprehensive income

                                            31,798   

Issuance of common stock under ESPP

  209     —       2,634     —          —          —          2,634   

Exercise of common stock options

  2,489     3     25,813     —          —          —          25,816   

Excess tax benefit from stock option exercises

  —       —       960     —          —          —          960   

Restricted stock vested during the period

  39     —       —       —          —          —          —     

Common stock held by nonqualified deferred compensation plan

  —       —       —       (882     —          —          (882

Conversion of convertible notes

  17           288     —          —          —          288   

Stock-based compensation

  —       —       28,335     —          —          —          28,335   
   
 

 

 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2008

  99,868   $ 100   $ 852,947   $ (882   $ 1,106      $ (576,596   $ 276,675   
   
 

 

 


 


 


 


Net loss

  —       —       —       —          —          (488     (488

Fair market value adjustments of available-for-sale investments

  —       —       —       —          299        —          299   

Unrealized loss on foreign exchange forward contracts

  —       —       —       —          (477     —          (477

Foreign currency translation adjustment

  —       —       —       —          5        —          5   
                                           


Comprehensive loss

                                            (661

Issuance of common stock under ESPP

  287     —       3,230     —          —          —          3,230   

Exercise of common stock options

  730     1     7,655     —          —          —          7,656   

Excess tax benefit from stock option exercises

  —       —       113     —          —          —          113   

Restricted stock vested during the period

  77     —       —       —          —          —          —     

Common stock held by nonqualified deferred compensation plan

  —       —       —       (833     —          —          (833

Stock-based compensation

  —       —       36,005     —          —          —          36,005   
   
 

 

 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2009

  100,962   $ 101   $ 899,950   $ (1,715   $ 933      $ (577,084   $ 322,185   
   
 

 

 


 


 


 


 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Three Years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009

(In thousands)

 

    Years Ended December 31,

 
    2007

    2008

    2009

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

                       

Net income (loss)

  $ (15,803   $ 30,831      $ (488

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

                       

Depreciation and amortization

    13,654        17,616        20,975   

Amortization of discount (premium) on investments

    (12,453     (6,487     1,443   

Imputed interest on acquisition obligation

    4,527        4,378        2,577   

Equity in the (income) loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

    (30,525     2,270        2,594   

Stock-based compensation

    19,415        28,336        36,005   

Impairment loss on equity investments

    —          4,056       5,848   

Net gain from sale of investments

    —          —          (1,585

Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss on forward contracts

    165        (228     602   

Excess tax benefit from stock option exercises

    —          (960     (113

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

                       

Accounts receivable, net

    (2,306     (37,322     (19,242

Inventory

    (7,371     (13,938     (5,500

Other current assets

    (3,649     (41,143     37,415   

Other assets

    (4,745     925        (1,286

Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities

    10,850        7,433        8,021   

Other liabilities

    3        78        687   

Deferred revenue

    (6,788     (5,020     (221
   


 


 


Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

    (35,026     (9,175     87,732   
   


 


 


Cash flows from investing activities:

                       

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

    (22,413     (56,368     (89,801

Maturities and sales of investments

    693,814        761,178        475,312   

Purchase of investments

    (838,864     (733,131     (439,299

Investments in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

    —          (1,750     (2,120

Distributions from BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

    17,100       16,683        —     

Investment in Summit Corporation plc

    —          (5,689     —     

Acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

    —          —          (14,517

Investment in La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company

    —          —          (6,250

Payment to LEAD Therapeutics, Inc.

    —          —          (3,000
   


 


 


Net cash used in investing activities

    (150,363     (19,077     (79,675
   


 


 


Cash flows from financing activities:

                       

Proceeds from ESPP and exercise of stock options

    15,220        28,443        10,886   

Excess tax benefit from stock option exercises

    —          960       113   

Net proceeds from convertible debt offering

    316,350        —          —     

Repayment of acquisition obligation

    (7,000     (6,500     (73,600

Repayment of capital lease obligations

    —          (94     (185

Payment of contingent acquisition payable

    —          —          (1,000
   


 


 


Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    324,570        22,809        (63,786
   


 


 


Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    139,181        (5,443     (55,729
   


 


 


Cash and cash equivalents:

                       

Beginning of year

    89,162        228,343        222,900   
   


 


 


End of year

  $ 228,343      $ 222,900      $ 167,171   
   


 


 


Supplemental cash flow disclosures:

                       

Cash paid for interest, net of interest capitalized into fixed assets

  $ 7,358      $ 10,401      $ 9,700   

Cash paid for income taxes

    296        1,277        2,824   

Stock-based compensation capitalized into inventory

    1,710        4,612        5,423   

Depreciation capitalized into inventory

    1,941        2,782        4,432   

Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities disclosures:

                       

Conversion of convertible notes

    51,440        292        —     

Distribution of inventory resulting from the joint venture restructure

    —          26,780        —     

Changes in accrued liabilities related to fixed assets

    6,726        4,462        185   

Equipment acquired through capital lease

    —          546        —     

Deferred offering costs reclassified to additional paid in capital as a result of convertible notes

    512        9        —     

Common shares transferred to Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan

    —          (882     (833

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-6


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BUSINESS RISKS

 

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (the Company or BioMarin®) develops and commercializes innovative biopharmaceuticals for serious diseases and medical conditions. BioMarin selects product candidates for diseases and conditions that represent a significant unmet medical need, have well-understood biology and provide an opportunity to be first-to-market or offer a significant benefit over existing products. The Company’s product portfolio is comprised of four approved products and multiple investigational product candidates. Approved products include Naglazyme® (galsulfase), Kuvan® (sapropterin dihydrochloride), FirdapseTM (amifampridine phosphate) and Aldurazyme® (laronidase).

 

There were 73 common stockholders of record at December 31, 2009. No dividends have ever been paid by the Company. The Company is incorporated in the state of Delaware.

 

Through December 31, 2009, the Company had accumulated losses of approximately $577.1 million. Management believes that the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments at December 31, 2009 will be sufficient to meet the Company’s obligations for the foreseeable future based on management’s current long-term business plans and assuming that the Company achieves its long-term goals. If the Company elects to increase its spending on development programs significantly above current long-term plans or enter into potential licenses and other acquisitions of complementary technologies, products or companies, the Company may need additional capital. The Company expects to continue to finance net future cash needs that exceed its operating revenues primarily through its current cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, and to the extent necessary, through proceeds from equity or debt financings, loans and collaborative agreements with corporate partners.

 

The Company is subject to a number of risks, including the financial performance of Naglazyme, Kuvan, Aldurazyme and Firdapse; the potential need for additional financings; its ability to successfully commercialize its product candidates, if approved; the uncertainty of the Company’s research and development efforts resulting in successful commercial products; obtaining regulatory approval for such products; significant competition from larger organizations; reliance on the proprietary technology of others; dependence on key personnel; uncertain patent protection; dependence on corporate partners and collaborators; and possible restrictions on reimbursement, as well as other changes in the health care industry.

 

(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

(a) Basis of Presentation

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of BioMarin and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Management performed an evaluation of the Company’s activities through the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and has concluded that there are no subsequent events requiring disclosure through that date except for the transaction discussed in Note 21.

 

(b) Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

F-7


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company treats liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months when purchased as cash and cash equivalents.

 

(d) Investments

 

The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. All of the Company’s securities are classified as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale and reported in cash equivalents, short-term investments or long-term investments. Held-to-maturity investments are recorded at amortized cost. Available-for-sale investments are recorded at fair market value, with unrealized gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, exclusive of other-than-temporary impairment losses, if any. Short-term and long-term investments are comprised of corporate securities, commercial paper, U.S. federal government agency securities, money market funds, equity securities and certificates of deposit. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had no held-to-maturity investments.

 

(e) Inventory

 

The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company determines the cost of inventory using the average-cost method. The Company analyzes its inventory levels quarterly and writes down inventory that has become obsolete, or has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value and inventory quantities in excess of expected requirements. Expired inventory is disposed of and the related costs are recognized as cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

Manufacturing costs for product candidates are expensed as research and development expenses. The Company considers regulatory approval of product candidates to be uncertain, and product manufactured prior to regulatory approval may not be sold unless regulatory approval is obtained. As such, the manufacturing costs for product candidates incurred prior to regulatory approval are not capitalized as inventory. When regulatory approval is obtained, the Company begins capitalizing inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

 

In the first quarter of 2008, the Company received $26.8 million of inventory distributed by the Company’s joint venture with Genzyme Corporation (Genzyme) pursuant to the terms of the joint venture restructuring (see Note 20 for further information). The inventory distribution was recorded at the historical production cost, which represented the lower of cost or market value.

 

Stock-based compensation capitalized into inventory for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 was $5.4 million, $4.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

 

(f) Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC and Equity in the Loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

 

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company restructured its relationship with Genzyme (see Note 20 for further information). The Company accounts for its remaining investment in the joint venture using the equity method. Accordingly, the Company records an increase in its investment for contributions to the joint venture and a reduction in its investment for its 50% share of any losses of the joint venture or disbursements of profits from the joint venture. Equity in the loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC includes the Company’s 50% share of the joint venture’s loss for the period. The investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC includes the Company’s share of the net equity of the joint venture.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(g) Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the related estimated useful lives, except for leasehold improvements, which are depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term. Significant additions and improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Property and equipment purchased for specific research and development projects with no alternative uses are expensed as incurred. See Note 8 for further information on property, plant and equipment balances as of December 31, 2008 and 2009.

 

Certain of the Company’s operating lease agreements include scheduled rent escalations over the lease term, as well as tenant improvement allowances. Scheduled increases in rent expense are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The difference between rent expense and rent paid is recorded as deferred rent and included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The tenant improvement allowances and free rent periods are recognized as a credit to rent expense over the lease term on a straight-line basis.

 

(h) Revenue Recognition

 

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Subtopics ASC 605-15, Revenue Recognition—Products and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Element Arrangements. The Company’s revenues consist of net product revenues from Naglazyme, Kuvan and Aldurazyme, revenues from its collaborative agreement with Merck Serono and other license and royalty revenues. Milestone payments are recognized in full when the related milestone performance goal is achieved and the Company has no future performance obligations related to that payment.

 

Net Product Revenues—The Company recognizes net product revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered to the customer, title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collection from the customer is reasonably assured. Product sales transactions are evidenced by customer purchase orders, customer contracts, invoices and/or the related shipping documents. Amounts collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities, which are primarily comprised of value-added taxes related to Naglazyme sales in foreign jurisdictions, are presented on a net basis in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, in that taxes billed to customers are not included as a component of net product revenues.

 

BioMarin receives a 39.5% to 50% royalty on worldwide net Aldurazyme sales by Genzyme depending on sales volume, which is included in net product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes a portion of this amount as product transfer revenue when product is released to Genzyme as all of the Company’s performance obligations are fulfilled at that point and title to, and risk of loss for, the product has transferred to Genzyme. The product transfer revenue represents the fixed amount per unit of Aldurazyme that Genzyme is required to pay the Company if the product is unsold by Genzyme. The amount of product transfer revenue will eventually be deducted from the calculated royalty rate when the product is sold by Genzyme. The Company records the Aldurazyme royalty revenue based on net sales information provided by Genzyme and records product transfer revenue based on the fulfillment of Genzyme purchase orders in accordance with the terms of the related agreements with Genzyme and when the title and risk of loss for the product is transferred to Genzyme. As of December 31, 2009, accounts receivable included $20.3 million of unbilled accounts receivable related to net incremental Aldurazyme product transfers to Genzyme.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

The Company sells Naglazyme worldwide and sells Kuvan in the U.S. and Canada. In the U.S., Naglazyme and Kuvan are generally sold to specialty pharmacies or end-users, such as hospitals, which act as retailers. The Company also sells Kuvan to Merck Serono at a price near its manufacturing cost, and Merck Serono resells the product to end users outside the U.S., Canada and Japan. The royalty earned from Kuvan product sold by Merck Serono in the EU is included as a component of net product revenues in the period earned. Outside the U.S., Naglazyme is sold to the Company’s authorized distributors or directly to government purchasers or hospitals, which act as the end-users. The Company records reserves for rebates payable under Medicaid and other government programs as a reduction of revenue at the time product revenues are recorded. The Company’s reserve calculations require estimates, including estimates of customer mix, to determine which sales will be subject to rebates and the amount of such rebates. The Company updates its estimates and assumptions each quarter, and records any necessary adjustments to its reserves. The Company records fees paid to distributors as a reduction of revenue.

 

The Company records allowances for product returns, if appropriate, as a reduction of revenue at the time product sales are recorded. Several factors are considered in determining whether an allowance for product returns is required, including market exclusivity of the products based on their orphan drug status, the patient population, the customers’ limited return rights and the Company’s experience with returns. Because of the pricing of Naglazyme and Kuvan, the limited number of patients and the customers’ limited return rights, most Naglazyme and Kuvan customers and retailers carry a limited inventory. Certain international customers, usually government entities, tend to purchase larger quantities of product less frequently. Although such buying patterns may result in revenue fluctuations from quarter to quarter, the Company has not experienced any increased product returns or risk of product returns. The Company relies on historical return rates to estimate returns for Aldurazyme, Naglazyme and Kuvan. Genzyme’s return rights for Aldurazyme are limited to defective product. Based on these factors, management has concluded that product returns will be minimal, and the Company has not experienced significant product returns to date. In the future, if any of these factors and/or the history of product returns changes, an allowance for product returns may be required.

 

The Company maintains a policy to record allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. As of December 31, 2009, the Company has experienced no significant bad debts and the recorded allowance for doubtful accounts was insignificant.

 

Collaborative agreement revenues—Collaborative agreement revenues from Merck Serono include both license revenue and contract research revenue under the Company’s agreement with Merck Serono, which was executed in May 2005. Nonrefundable up-front license fees where the Company has continuing involvement through research and development collaboration are initially deferred and recognized as collaborative agreement license revenue over the estimated period for which the Company continues to have a performance obligation. The Company’s performance obligation related to the $25.0 million upfront payment from Merck Serono ended in the fourth quarter of 2008. There was no cost of sales associated with the amortization of the up-front license fee received from Merck Serono. Nonrefundable amounts received for shared development costs are recognized as revenue in the period in which the related expenses are incurred. Contract research revenue included in collaborative agreement revenues represents Merck Serono’s share of Kuvan development costs under the Merck Serono agreement, which are recorded as research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Allowable costs during the development period must have been included in the pre-approved annual budget in order to be subject to reimbursement, or must be separately approved by both parties.

 

Collaborative agreement revenues totaled $28.3 million, $38.9 million and $2.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Collaborative agreement revenues in 2009 included $2.4 million

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

of reimbursable development costs for Kuvan. Collaborative revenue agreement revenues in 2008 included $3.7 million of reimbursable development costs for Kuvan, recognition of $5.2 million of the up-front license fee received from Merck Serono and a $30.0 million milestone payment from Merck Serono for the marketing approval of Kuvan in the EU. In 2007, collaborative agreement revenue included $6.4 million of reimbursable development costs for Kuvan, recognition of $6.9 million of the up-front license fee and a $15.0 million milestone payment received from Merck Serono upon the acceptance of the Kuvan filing by the EMEA.

 

Royalty and license revenues—Royalty revenue includes royalties on net sales of products with which the Company has no direct involvement and is recognized based on data reported by licensees or sublicensees. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with the contract terms when the royalty amount is fixed or determinable based on information received from the sublicensee and when collectibility is reasonably assured.

 

Due to the significant role the Company plays in the operations of Aldurazyme and Kuvan, primarily the manufacturing and regulatory activities, as well as the rights and responsibilities to deliver the products to Genzyme and Merck Serono, respectively, the Company elected not to classify the Aldurazyme and Kuvan royalties earned as other royalty revenues and instead to include them as a component of net product revenues.

 

Royalty and license revenues for 2009 include $5.6 million of Orapred product royalties, a product the Company acquired in 2004 and sublicensed in 2006, and $1.0 million of royalty revenues for 6R-BH4, the active ingredient in Kuvan, product sold in Japan. Royalty and license revenues for 2008 included $3.8 million of Orapred product royalties and a $1.5 million milestone payment related to the Japanese approval of 6R-BH4, for the treatment of patients with PKU. Royalty and license revenues in 2007 included Orapred product royalty revenues of $2.3 million and a $4.0 million milestone payment related to the one-year anniversary of FDA approval of the marketing application for Orapred ODT.

 

(i) Research and Development

 

Research and development expenses include expenses associated with contract research and development provided by third parties, product manufacturing prior to regulatory approval, clinical and regulatory costs, and internal research and development costs. In instances where the Company enters into agreements with third parties for research and development activities, costs are expensed upon the earlier of when non-refundable amounts are due or as services are performed unless there is an alternative future use of the funds in other research and development projects. Amounts due under such arrangements may be either fixed fee or fee for service, and may include upfront payments, monthly payments and payments upon the completion of milestones or receipt of deliverables. The Company accrues costs for clinical trial activities based upon estimates of the services received and related expenses incurred that have yet to be invoiced by the vendors that perform the activities.

 

The Company believes that regulatory approval of its product candidates is uncertain, and does not assume that products manufactured prior to regulatory approval will be sold commercially. As a result, inventory costs for product candidates are expensed as research and development until regulatory approval is obtained in a major market, at which time inventory is capitalized at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

 

(j) Net Income (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income/loss by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock; however, potential common equivalent shares are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive. Potential shares of common stock include shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding employee stock option awards, common stock issuable under the Company’s 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), restricted stock, contingent issuances of common stock related to convertible debt and through the first quarter of 2009, the portion of acquisition costs that was payable in shares of the Company’s common stock at the Company’s option. For 2007 and 2009, such potential shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect is antidilutive.

 

Potentially dilutive securities for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2009, excluded from the diluted net loss per share (in thousands) include:

 

     December 31,

     2007

   2009

Options to purchase common stock

   11,413    14,047

Common stock issuable under convertible debt

   26,361    26,343

Portion of acquisition payable in common stock at the option of the Company

   243    —  

Unvested restricted stock units

   117    333

Common stock held in the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan using the treasury method

   —      91

Potentially issuable common stock for ESPP purchases

   311    281
    
  

Total

   38,445    41,095
    
  

 

The following represents a reconciliation from basic weighted shares outstanding to diluted weighted shares outstanding and the earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     For the Year Ended December 31, 2008

     Net Income
(Numerator)


    Weighted Average
Shares Outstanding
(Denominator)


   Per Share
Amount


Basic Earnings Per Share:

                   

Net Income

   $ 30,831      98,975    $ 0.31
                 

Effect of dilutive shares:

                   

Stock options using the treasury method

     —        3,837       

Portion of acquisition obligation payable in common stock at the option of the Company

     —        483       

Potentially issuable common stock for ESPP purchases

     —        245       

Common stock held in the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan using the treasury method

     (308   32       
    


 
      

Diluted Earnings Per Share:

                   

Net Income

   $ 30,523      103,572    $ 0.29
    


 
  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

In addition to the equity instruments included in the table above, the following potential shares of common stock were excluded from the computation as they were anti-dilutive for the year ended December 31, 2008 using the treasury stock method for stock options and potentially issuable restricted stock and the if-converted method for the Company’s convertible debt (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
2008


Options to purchase common stock

   5,285

Common stock issuable under convertible debt

   26,343

Potentially issuable restricted stock units

   225
    

Total

   31,853
    

 

(k) Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and ESPP awards. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each award. Further, stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is based on awards expected to vest, therefore the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures, which are based on historical experience. If actual forfeitures differ from estimates at the time of grant they will be revised in subsequent periods.

 

If factors change and different assumptions are employed in determining the fair value of stock based awards, the stock based compensation expense recorded in future periods may differ significantly from what was recorded in the current period (see Note 3 for further information).

 

(l) Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan

 

The Company’s Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan allows eligible employees, including management and certain highly-compensated employees as designated by the plan’s administrative committee and members of the Board of Directors, to make voluntary deferrals of compensation to specified dates, retirement or death. Participants are permitted to defer portions of their salary, annual cash bonus and restricted stock. The Company is not allowed to make additional direct contributions to the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan on behalf of the participants without further action by the Board of Directors.

 

Other current assets and other non-current assets include $0.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of investments held in trust related to the Company’s Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan for certain employees and directors as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, respectively. All of the investments held in the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan are classified as trading securities and recorded at fair value with changes in the investments’ fair values recognized in earnings in the period they occur. Restricted stock issued into the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan is accounted for similarly to treasury stock in that the value of the employer stock is determined on the date the restricted stock vests and the shares are issued into the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. The restricted stock issued into the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan is recorded in equity and changes in the fair value of the corresponding liability are recognized in earnings as incurred. The corresponding liability for the Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan is included in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(m) Income Taxes

 

The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. There was a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets of $268.1 million at December 31, 2009. Future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies have been considered in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. An adjustment to the valuation allowance would increase or decrease net income/loss in the period such adjustment was made or additional paid in capital. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Company recognized income tax expense of $0.7 million, $2.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was primarily related to income earned in certain of the Company’s international subsidiaries, California state income tax and U.S. Federal Alternative Minimum Tax expense.

 

(n) Foreign Currency and Other Hedging Instruments

 

The Company has transactions denominated in foreign currencies and, as a result, is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company manages some of these exposures on a consolidated basis, which results in the netting of certain exposures to take advantage of natural offsets and through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. Gains or losses on net foreign currency hedges are intended to offset losses or gains on the underlying net exposures in an effort to reduce the earnings and cash flow volatility resulting from fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates.

 

The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measures them at fair value. Derivatives that are not defined as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative and whether it is designated and qualifies for hedge accounting (see Note 12 for further information).

 

(o) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The Company discloses the fair value of financial instruments for assets and liabilities for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The carrying amounts of all cash equivalents, investments and forward exchange contracts approximate fair value based upon quoted market prices or discounted cash flows. The fair value of trade accounts receivables, accounts payable and other financial instruments approximates carrying value due to their short-term nature.

 

(p) Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income/loss and certain changes in stockholders’ equity that are excluded from net income/loss, such as changes in unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale securities, unrealized gains/losses on foreign currency hedges, and changes in the Company’s cumulative foreign currency translation account. There were no tax effects allocated to any components of other comprehensive income (loss) during 2007, 2008 and 2009 due to a full valuation allowance.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

In 2009, comprehensive net loss was approximately $0.7 million, compared to comprehensive net income of $31.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The fluctuation in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
           2008      

          2009      

 

Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities

   $ 869      $ (421

Net unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency hedges

     (212     (477

Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity investments

     332        720   

Net foreign currency translation gain (loss)

     (22     5   
    


 


Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

   $ 967      $ (173
    


 


 

(q) Restricted Cash

 

The Company’s balance of restricted cash amounted to $7.3 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The December 31, 2008 balance included $6.2 million related to cash received for royalties earned pursuant to the Orapred sublicense agreement, which was restricted from use until June 2009 when the Company paid the remaining acquisition obligation resulting from the Ascent Pediatrics transaction to Medicis (see Note 4). The $6.2 million was included in other current assets on the December 31, 2008 consolidated balance sheet. Restricted cash also includes investments of $0.9 million and $1.8 million held by the Company’s Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively, which is included in other current assets and other non-current assets.

 

(r) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

The FASB issued the ASC, which defines the new hierarchy for U.S. GAAP. The ASC is now the sole source for all authoritative non-governmental accounting guidance, with the exception of grandfathered guidance, SEC rules and interpretive releases and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 166 and No. 167. The ASC did not change U.S. GAAP. The ASC was effective for all reporting periods that ended after September 15, 2009. The Company adopted the ASC in the third quarter of 2009.

 

In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2010-6, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820), Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, which expands fair value disclosure requirements. Transition will be in two phases with expanded disclosures regarding activity for Level 1 and 2 applicable for the Company on January 1, 2010 and expanded disclosures for Level 3 activity effective on January 1, 2011.

 

In December 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-17, Consolidations (Topic 810): Improvements to Financial Reporting by Enterprises Involved with Variable Interest Entities. This ASU amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification for Statement 167. In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (SFAS No. 167). SFAS No.167 eliminates FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)’s exceptions to consolidating qualifying special-purpose entities, contains new criteria for determining the primary beneficiary, and increases the frequency of required reassessments to determine whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity. SFAS No. 167 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009, which for the Company is January 1, 2010, with earlier adoption prohibited. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2009-17 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

In September 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13, Multiple Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (ASU 2009-13), which amended the accounting standards for multiple element arrangements to:

 

   

provide updated guidance on whether multiple deliverables exist, how the elements in an arrangement should be separated, and how the consideration should be allocated;

 

   

require an entity to allocate revenue in an arrangement using estimated selling prices (ESP) of each element if a vendor does not have vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (VSOE) or third-party evidence of selling price (TPE); and

 

   

eliminate the use of the residual method and require a vendor to allocate revenue using the relative selling price method.

 

ASU 2009-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2010, which for the Company is January 1, 2011, with early application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, ASU 2009-13 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In August 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-05, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASU 2009-05), which amends ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (ASC 820). The update addresses practice difficulties caused by tension between fair-value measurements based on the price that would be paid to transfer a liability to a new obligor and contractual or legal requirements that prevent such transfers from taking place. ASC 820 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after August 27, 2009, which for the Company is October 1, 2009. The adoption of ASU 2009-05 resulted in the expansion of the Company’s fair value disclosures.

 

In December 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-16, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets. This ASU amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification for Statement 166. In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (SFAS No. 166). SFAS No. 166 eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity, creates more stringent conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale, clarifies other sale-accounting criteria, and changes the initial measurement of a transferor’s interest in transferred financial assets. SFAS No. 166 will be effective for transfers of financial assets in fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2009, which for the Company is 2010, and in interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier adoption prohibited. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2009-16 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

 

ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (ASC 805) requires an entity to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, contractual contingencies and contingent consideration at their fair value on the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the estimated fair value of contingent consideration will be reflected in earnings until the contingency is settled. ASC 805 also requires acquisition-related costs and restructuring costs to be expensed as incurred rather than treated as part of the purchase price. The provisions of ASC 805 are effective for business combinations initiated on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, which for the Company was January 1, 2009. The adoption of ASC 805 is reflected in the Company’s accounting treatment of the Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. acquisition discussed in Note 5.

 

(s) Reclassifications and Adjustments

 

Certain items in the prior year’s consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation in the consolidated balance sheet and statements of cash flows. The previously

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

reported balances for total assets and total liabilities and classifications of net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for any period presented were not affected by these reclassifications.

 

(3) STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

(a) Share Incentive Plan

 

BioMarin’s 2006 Share Incentive Plan (Share Incentive Plan), which was approved in June 2006 and replaces the Company’s previous stock option plans, provides for grants of options to employees to purchase common stock at the fair market value of such shares on the grant date, as well as other forms of equity compensation. As of December 31, 2009, awards issued under the 2006 Share Incentive Plan include both stock options and restricted stock units. Stock option awards granted to employees generally vest over a four-year period on a cliff basis six months after the grant date and then monthly thereafter. The term of the outstanding options is generally ten years. Options assumed under past business acquisitions generally vest over periods ranging from immediately upon grant to five years from the original grant date and have terms ranging from two to ten years. Restricted stock units granted to employees generally vest in a straight-line, annually over a four-year period after the grant date. Restricted stock units granted to directors generally vest in full one year after the grant date. As of December 31, 2009, options to purchase approximately 10.7 million and 3.3 million shares were outstanding under the Share Incentive Plan, and the Company’s previous plans, respectively.

 

(b) Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

Under BioMarin’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), which was approved in June 2006 and replaced the Company’s previous plan, employees meeting specific employment qualifications are eligible to participate and can purchase shares on established dates semi-annually through payroll deductions at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the commencement or each purchase date of the offering period. Each offering period will span up to two years. The ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase common stock through payroll deductions for up to 10% of qualified compensation, up to an annual limit of $25,000. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. As of December 31, 2009, 1,094,202 shares had been issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and approximately 1.6 million shares had been reserved for future issuance.

 

(c) Board of Director Grants

 

An initial option is granted to each new outside member of BioMarin’s Board of Directors to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock at the fair value on the date of the grant. Until January 2007, on each anniversary date of becoming a director, each outside member was granted options to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock at the fair market value on such date. On the date of each annual meeting of stockholders, other than newly elected directors, each outside director is granted options for the purchase of 15,000 shares of common stock and 2,500 restricted stock units. The options vest over one year and have a term of ten years. The restricted stock units vest on the one year anniversary of the date of grant.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(d) Stock-based Compensation

 

A summary of stock option activity under all plans, including plans that were suspended upon adoption of the 2006 Share Incentive Plan, for the year ended December 31, 2009 is presented as follows:

 

    Options

    Weighted
Average
Exercise Price


  Weighted
Average Fair
Value of
Options
Granted


  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)

  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value


Balance as of December 31, 2008

  12,075,152      $ 19.94                

Granted

  3,151,911      $ 14.30   $ 7.48          

Exercised

  (730,046   $ 10.47             $ 4,579,963

Expired and Forfeited

  (450,122   $ 23.80                
   

 

               

Balance as of December 31, 2009

  14,046,895      $ 19.04         6.5   $ 48,325,020
   

 

               

Options expected to vest as of December 31, 2009

  5,182,590      $ 20.61             $ 12,138,813

Exercisable as of December 31, 2009

  7,940,065      $ 17.43             $ 33,391,588

 

The aggregate intrinsic value for outstanding options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock as of the last trading day of fiscal 2009. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 was $19.2 million and $61.7 million, respectively. There were 10.9 million options that were in-the-money at December 31, 2009. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was determined as of the date of option exercise. Upon the exercise of the options, the Company issues new common stock from its authorized shares.

 

At December 31, 2009, an aggregate of approximately 14.1 million unissued shares were authorized for future issuance under the Share Incentive Plan.

 

The following table presents the composition of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2009:

 

     Options Outstanding

   Options Exercisable

Range of exercise prices


   Number of Options
Outstanding


   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life

   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price


   Number of
Options
Exercisable

   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price


$ 0.00 to 7.34

   641,472    4.77    $ 6.19    638,763    $ 6.19

7.35 to 10.55

   701,738    4.06      8.85    701,293      8.85

10.56 to 14.06

   2,190,449    6.29      12.22    1,814,969      12.22

14.07 to 17.58

   6,463,453    8.05      16.02    2,997,155      16.77

17.59 to 21.10

   986,853    8.32      18.07    369,823      18.14

21.11 to 24.61

   348,427    4.42      22.41    250,245      22.25

24.62 to 28.13

   195,667    7.70      26.76    93,933      26.66

28.14 to 31.65

   38,650    8.58      28.94    13,238      28.94

31.66 to 35.17

   95,700    8.17      33.75    43,805      33.83

35.17 to 40.99

   2,384,486    8.35      38.51    1,016,841      38.51
    
              
      

Total

   14,046,895                7,940,065       
    
              
      

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, was $9.22, $15.71 and $7.48 per share, respectively.

 

Determining the Fair Value of Stock Options and Stock Purchase Rights

 

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the assumptions noted in the tables below. The expected life of options is based on observed historical exercise patterns. Groups of employees that have similar historical exercise patterns were considered separately for valuation purposes, but none were identified that had distinctly different exercise patterns as of December 31, 2009. The expected volatility of stock options is based upon proportionate weightings of the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and the implied volatility of traded options on the Company’s common stock for fiscal periods in which there is sufficient trading volume in options on the Company’s common stock. The risk free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid any cash dividends since inception and does not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The assumptions used to estimate the per share fair value of stock options granted and stock purchase rights granted under the Company’s 2006 Share Incentive Plan and ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively, are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 

Stock Option Valuation Assumptions


   2007

    2008

    2009

 

Expected volatility

   44-51   45-51   53-55

Dividend yield

   0.0   0.0   0.0

Expected life

   5.2-5.5 years      5.2-5.8 years      6.0 -6.1 years   

Risk-free interest rate

   3.7-5.1   1.4-3.2   1.9-2.6

 

The Company recorded $17.5 million, $25.3 million and $31.6 million of compensation costs related to current period vesting of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, there was $61.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan Valuation Assumptions


   2007

    2008

    2009

 

Expected volatility

   44-54   47-51   55

Dividend yield

   0.0   0.0   0.0

Expected life

   6-24 months      6-24 months      6-24 months   

Risk-free interest rate

   3.8-5.2   1.1-2.4   0.2-0.9

 

The Company recorded $1.6 million, $1.5 million, and $2.2 million of compensation costs related to options granted under the ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, there was $3.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

A summary of non-vested restricted stock unit activity under the plan for the year ended December 31, 2009 is presented as follows:

 

     Shares

    Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value


Non-vested units as of December 31, 2008

   225,255      $ 31.06

Granted

   197,295         

Vested

   (76,707      

Forfeited

   (12,519      
    

 

Non-vested units as of December 31, 2009

   333,324      $ 21.07
    

 

 

The Company recorded $0.4 million, $1.6 million and $2.1 million of compensation costs related to restricted stock units for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2009, there was $5.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.9 years.

 

During the third quarter of 2009, the Company granted 54,000 stock options to non-employees. The non-employee grants vest over periods of nine months up to two years. The unvested portion of the stock options will be re-measured at each reporting period. Total stock-based compensation expense for non-employee stock option grants for the year ended December 31, 2009 was approximately $142,000.

 

The compensation expense that has been included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for stock-based compensation arrangements was as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,

     2007

   2008

   2009

Cost of sales

   $ 578    $ 1,521    $ 3,948

Research and development expense

     6,978      8,584      11,919

Selling, general and administrative expense

     10,727      15,145      18,681
    

  

  

Total stock-based compensation expense

   $ 18,283    $ 25,250    $ 34,548
    

  

  

 

There was no income tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation for 2007, 2008 and 2009 because any deferred tax asset resulting from stock-based compensation was offset by additional valuation allowance.

 

Stock-based compensation of $1.7 million, $4.6 million and $5.4 million was capitalized into inventory for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Capitalized stock-based compensation is recognized into cost of sales when the related product is sold.

 

At December 31, 2009, an aggregate of approximately 15.7 million unissued shares was authorized for future issuance under the Company’s stock plans, which include shares issuable under the Share Incentive Plan and the Company’s ESPP. Under the Share Incentive Plan, awards that expire or are cancelled without delivery of shares generally become available for issuance under the plan. Awards that expire or are cancelled under the Company’s suspended 1997 Stock Plan or 1998 Director Option Plan may not be reissued.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(e) Stockholders’ Rights Plan

 

In 2002, the Board of Directors authorized a stockholders’ rights plan, which was amended and restated on February 27, 2009. Terms of the plan provide for stockholders of record at the close of business on September 23, 2002 to receive one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of common stock held. The Rights will be exercisable if a person or group acquires 15% or more of the Company’s common stock or announces a tender offer or exchange offer for 15% or more of the common stock. Depending on the circumstances, the effect of the exercise of the Rights will be to permit each holder of a Right to purchase shares of the Company’s Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock that have significantly superior dividend, liquidation and voting rights compared to the Company’s common stock, at a price of $35.00 per share. The Company will be entitled to redeem the Rights at $0.001 per Right at any time before a person has acquired 15% or more of the outstanding common stock. Additionally, the Company’s Board of Directors has the authority to issue an additional 249,886 shares of preferred stock and to determine the terms of those shares without any further action by the Company’s stockholders. The stockholders’ rights plan expires in 2012. As of December 31, 2009, no stock rights have been granted under this plan.

 

(4) INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

 

As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,

 
     2008

    2009

 

Orapred

   $ 20,437      $ —     

Kuvan

     5,093        5,016   

Firdapse

     —          36,933   
    


 


Gross intangible assets

     25,530        41,949   

Less: Accumulated amortization

     (17,904     (972
    


 


Net carrying value

   $ 7,626      $ 40,977   
    


 


 

The following table represents the changes in goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2009 (in thousands):

 

Balance at December 31, 2008

  $ 21,262

Additional goodwill related to the acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (See Note 5)

    2,460
   

Balance at December 31, 2009

  $ 23,722
   

 

(a) Orapred

 

In 2004, the Company acquired the Orapred product line from Ascent Pediatrics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Medicis Pharmaceutical Corporation (Medicis). The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. In June 2009, the Company settled the remaining acquisition obligation for $70.6 million in cash. The stock purchase was completed substantially in accordance with the terms of the previously disclosed Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 18, 2004 and amended on January 12, 2005, by and among BioMarin, Medicis and Pediatrics.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

The transaction resulted in a purchase price allocation of $21.3 million to goodwill, representing the financial, strategic and operational value of the transaction to BioMarin. Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment analysis under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 350-20, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (ASC 350-20).

 

The Company completed its 2009 annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of 2009 and determined that no impairment of goodwill existed as of December 31, 2009.

 

In March 2006, the Company entered into a license agreement with a third party for the continued sale and commercialization of Orapred and other Orapred formulations then under development. Through the agreement, the third party acquired exclusive rights to market these products in North America, and BioMarin retained exclusive rights to market these products outside of North America. Through a second agreement in 2009, the third-party acquired the remaining world-wide rights.

 

In July 2009, the Company transferred all of the North American intellectual property relating to the Orapred product to Shionogi Pharma, Inc. (formerly known as Scièle Pharma, Inc.) (Shionogi), a U.S.-based group company of Shionogi & Co., the third party who holds a license to sell and commercialize the Orapred product line world-wide. The transfer of the intellectual property was made in accordance with the terms of the previously disclosed License Agreement dated March 15, 2006 between the Company and Scièle Pharma, Inc. (formerly Alliant Pharmaceuticals, Inc.). As a result of the completion of the transaction with Medicis, $9.1 million in cash was released from escrow pursuant to the sublicense and was reclassified from restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents by the Company in June 2009.

 

The Orapred intangible assets consist of the Orapred product technology as of December 31, 2008 and 2009. The gross and net carrying value of the Orapred product technology was as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,

     2008

    2009

Gross value

   $ 20,437      $ —  

Accumulated amortization

     (17,524     (—) 
    


 

Net carrying value

   $ 2,913      $ —  
    


 

 

The product technology was the only intangible asset subject to amortization and represented the rights to the proprietary knowledge associated with Orapred. These rights included the right to develop, use and market Orapred. The product technology was being amortized over Orapred’s estimated economic life of 3.5 years using the straight-line method of amortization through July 2009 and included no estimated residual value.

 

Amortization expense related to the Orapred intangible for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was $4.4 million, $4.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The imputed discount on the purchase obligation represents the gross value of the future cash payments to Medicis, discounted to their present value at a rate of 6.1%. The discount was amortized and recorded as interest expense over the life of the obligation using the effective interest rate method.

 

(b) Kuvan Intangible Assets

 

Kuvan intangible assets relate to license payments made to third parties as a result of the FDA approval of Kuvan in December 2007 and the EMEA approval in December 2008, which resulted in a $2.7 million addition

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

to the Kuvan intangible assets. At December 31, 2009, Kuvan intangible assets totaled a gross value of $5.0 million. Amortization expense related to the Kuvan intangible assets is included as a component of cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations, and totaled $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was insignificant.

 

The following table summarizes the annual amortization of the Kuvan intangible assets through 2018 (in thousands):

 

     Net Balance at
December 31,
2009


   Remaining
Life

   Annual
Amortization


License payment for FDA Approval

   $ 1,646    5 years    $ 332

License payment for EMEA Approval

     2,398    9 years      277
    

       

Total

   $ 4,044         $ 609
    

       

 

(c) Firdapse

 

The Firdapse intangible assets consist of the Firdapse product technology purchased as part of the Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. acquisition. As of December 31, 2009, the gross and net carrying value of the Firdapse product technology was comprised of $30.2 million and $6.7 million related to marketing rights in Europe and the U.S., respectively, which were both in process research and development assets with indefinite lives as of the purchase date. Subsequently, in December 2009, the EMEA granted marketing approval for Firdapse in the EU, changing the useful life of the European rights from indefinite to 10 years, which corresponds to the period of market exclusivity conferred through the orphan drug protection. Commencing in 2010, the Company will amortize the European product technology at an annual rate of $3.0 million.

 

The $2.5 million of Huxley goodwill represents the assets recognized in connection with the deferred tax liability and did not result from excess purchase price. See Note 5 for additional discussion.

 

(5) ACQUISITION OF HUXLEY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

 

On October 23, 2009, the Company acquired Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Huxley), which has rights to a proprietary form of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), amifampridine phosphate, for the rare autoimmune disease Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) for a total purchase price of $37.2 million. As a result of the acquisition, the Company will be the first to market an approved treatment for LEMS in Europe.

 

In connection with its acquisition of Huxley, the Company paid $15.0 million upfront for all of the outstanding common stock of Huxley. The Company has also agreed to pay Huxley stockholders additional consideration in future periods up to $42.9 million (undiscounted) in milestone payments if certain annual sales, cumulative sales and development milestones are met. The fair value of the contingent consideration payments was $22.2 million and was estimated by applying a probability-based income approach utilizing an appropriate discount rate. This estimation was based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market, referred to as Level 3 inputs. Key assumptions include: (1) a discount rate of 6.3%; and (2) a probability adjusted contingency. As of December 31, 2009, the range of outcomes and assumptions used to develop these estimates have not changed. In November 2009, the FDA granted Firdapse U.S. orphan status, resulting in a payment of $1.0 million. In December 2009, the EMEA granted marketing approval for Firdapse, which will result in a payment of $6.5 million.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

The following table presents the allocation of the purchase consideration, including the contingent consideration, based on fair value:

 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 483   

Intangible assets

     36,933   

Other assets

     179   

Goodwill

     2,460   

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

     (387

Deferred tax liability

     (2,460
    


Net Assets Acquired

   $ 37,208   
    


 

Huxley’s results of operations prior to and since the acquisition date were insignificant compared to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

The deferred tax liability relates to the tax impact of future amortization or possible impairments associated with the identified intangible assets acquired, which are not deductible for tax purposes. The $2.5 million of goodwill represents the assets recognized in connection with the deferred tax liability and did not result from excess purchase price. See Note 14 for additional discussion.

 

Intangible Assets

 

A substantial portion of the assets acquired consisted of intangible assets related to Huxley’s in-process research and development (IPR&D) assets for the treatment of LEMS. The Company determined that the estimated acquisition-date fair values of the intangible assets related to the marketing rights for the European and U.S. IPR&D projects were $30.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively. Intangible assets related to IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development (R&D) efforts. During the period the assets are considered indefinite-lived, they will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that would indicate a reduction in the fair value of the IPR&D assets below their respective carrying amounts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs if and when regulatory approval to market a product is obtained, the associated assets would be deemed finite-lived and would then be amortized based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time. The Company did not recognize amortization expense related to the Firdapse intangible assets during 2009.

 

In estimating fair value of the IPR&D assets, the Company compensated for the differing phases of development of each asset by probability-adjusting its estimation of the expected future cash flows associated with each asset. The Company then determined the present value of the expected future cash flows. The projected cash flows from the IPR&D assets were based on key assumptions such as estimates of revenues and operating profits related to the feasibility and timing of achievement of development, regulatory and commercial milestones, expected costs to develop the IPR&D into commercially viable products, and future expected cash flows from product sales.

 

Marketing approval EMEA for 3,4-DAP, the first approved treatment for LEMS, was granted by the EMEA in December 2009, thereby conferring orphan drug protection and providing ten years of market exclusivity in Europe. The Firdapse-EU intangible assets will be amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life of ten years, which corresponds to the period of market exclusivity conferred through the orphan drug protection.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(6) SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS

 

At December 31, 2008, the principal amounts of short-term and long-term investments by contractual maturity are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

 

     Contractual Maturity
For the Year Ending
December 31, 2009
Total Book Value


   Unrealized
Gain (Loss)


    December 31, 2008
Aggregate
Fair Value


Corporate securities

   $ 55,270    $ (100   $ 55,170

Commercial paper

     33,076      48        33,124

Equity securities

     3,633      332        3,965

U.S. Government agency securities

     220,914      977        221,891

U.S. Government backed commercial paper

     24,370      5        24,375
    

  


 

Total

   $ 337,263    $ 1,262      $ 338,525
    

  


 

 

At December 31, 2009, the principal amounts of short-term and long-term investments by contractual maturity are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

 

     Contractual Maturity Date For the
Years Ending December 31,


          
     2010

   2011

   2012

   Total Book
Value


   Unrealized
Gain (Loss)


    Aggregate
Fair Value


Certificates of deposit

   $ 30,924    $ 18,833    $ —      $ 49,757    $ (120   $ 49,637

Corporate securities

     57,973      64,735      38,096      160,804      461        161,265

Commercial paper

     7,981      —        —        7,981      12        7,993

Equity securities

     701      —        —        701      1,052        1,753

U.S. Government agency securities

     34,861      47,724      —        82,585      122        82,707
    

  

  

  

  


 

Total

   $ 132,440    $ 131,292    $ 38,096    $ 301,828    $ 1,527      $ 303,355
    

  

  

  

  


 

 

The Company completed an evaluation of its investments and determined that it did not have any other-than-temporary impairments as of December 31, 2009. The investments are placed in financial institutions with strong credit ratings and management expects full recovery of the amortized costs.

 

At December 31, 2008, the aggregate amount of unrealized losses and related fair value of investments with unrealized losses were as follows (in thousands). All investments were classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2008.

 

     Less Than 12 Months To
Maturity


    Total

 
     Aggregate Fair
Value


   Unrealized
Losses


    Aggregate Fair

Value

   Unrealized
Losses


 

Corporate securities

   $ 44,941    $ (147   $ 44,941    $ (147

Commercial paper

     1,992      (6     1,992      (6

U.S. Government agency securities

     6,928      (12     6,928      (12

U.S. Government back commercial paper

     9,947      (31     9,947      (31
    

  


 

  


Total

   $ 63,808    $ (196   $ 63,808    $ (196
    

  


 

  


 

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Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

At December 31, 2009, the aggregate amounts of unrealized losses and related fair value of investments with unrealized losses were as follows (in thousands). All investments were classified as available-for-sale at December 31, 2009.

 

     Less Than 12 Months To
Maturity


    12 Months or More To
Maturity


    Total

 
     Aggregate
Fair Value


   Unrealized
Losses


    Aggregate
Fair Value


   Unrealized
Losses


    Aggregate
Fair Value


   Unrealized
Losses


 

Certificates of deposit

   $ 23,744    $ (55   $ 14,358    $ (69   $ 38,102    $ (124

Corporate securities

     12,265      (16     45,488      (186     57,753      (202

U.S. Government agency securities

     5,325      (1     20,010      (93     25,335      (94
    

  


 

  


 

  


Total

   $ 41,334    $ (72   $ 79,856    $ (348   $ 121,190    $ (420
    

  


 

  


 

  


 

(7) SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION

 

As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2008


   December 31,
2009


Raw materials

   $ 10,314    $ 7,692

Work in process

     29,998      40,416

Finished goods

     32,850      30,554
    

  

Total inventory

   $ 73,162    $ 78,662
    

  

 

As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2008


   December 31,
2009


Kuvan European Medicines Agency (EMEA) approval milestone receivable

   $ 30,000    $ —  

Non-trade receivables

     4,828      7,083

Prepaid expenses

     3,013      5,202

Deferred cost of sales

     3,879      2,232

Short-term restricted cash

     6,202      —  

Other

     2,522      331
    

  

Total other current assets

   $ 50,444    $ 14,848
    

  

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2008


   December 31,
2009


Accounts payable

   $ 922    $ 7,567

Accrued accounts payable

     26,214      28,353

Accrued vacation

     3,798      4,652

Accrued compensation

     11,737      14,544

Accrued interest and taxes

     2,684      2,859

Accrued royalties

     3,401      4,740

Other accrued expenses

     6,094      1,525

Accrued rebates

     3,194      4,786

Contingent acquisition consideration payable

     —        8,124

Other

     989      918
    

  

Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 59,033    $ 78,068
    

  

 

As of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2008


   December 31,
2009


Long-term portion of deferred rent

   $ 1,176    $ 983

Long-term portion of capital lease liability

     270      85

Long-term portion of contingent acquisition consideration payable

     —        13,089

Long-term portion of deferred compensation liability

     1,410      3,124

Long-term deferred tax liability

     —        2,460
    

  

Total other long-term liabilities

   $ 2,856    $ 19,741
    

  

 

A roll forward of significant estimated revenue dilution reserves is as follows (in thousands):

 

    Balance at
Beginning
of Period


  Provision
for Current
period Sales


  Provision/
(Reversals)
for Prior
Period Sales


    Actual Charges
Related to
Current
Period Sales


    Actual Charges
Related to
Prior Period
Sales


    Balance at
End of Period


Year ended December 31, 2008:

                                         

Returns reserve

  $ 61   $ —     $ 1      $ —        $ (62   $ —  

Accrued rebates

    1,816     3,357     —          (1,684     (295     3,194

Acquired returns reserve

    122     —       (122     —          —          —  

Acquired rebates reserve

    621     —       —          —          —          621

Reserve for cash discounts

    34     1,412     —          (1,182     (21     243

Year ended December 31, 2009:

                                         

Accrued rebates

  $ 3,194   $ 5,571   $ 187     $ (3,323   $ (843   $ 4,786

Acquired rebates reserve

    621     —       (311     —          (310     —  

Reserve for cash discounts

    243     2,170     —          (2,017     (137     259

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(8) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009 consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

Category


   December 31,

    Estimated
Useful Lives


   2008

    2009

   

Leasehold improvements

   $ 27,544      $ 38,059      Shorter of life of asset or
lease term

Building and improvements

     61,183        69,564      20 years

Manufacturing and laboratory equipment

     26,996        34,228      5 years

Computer hardware and software

     13,088        28,695      3 to 5 years

Office furniture and equipment

     4,602        5,529      5 years

Land

     10,056        10,056      Not applicable

Construction-in-progress

     27,589        74,914      Not applicable
    


 


   

Total property, plant and equipment, gross

   $ 171,058      $ 261,045       

Less: Accumulated depreciation

     (46,079     (61,904    
    


 


   

Total property, plant and equipment, net

   $ 124,979      $ 199,141       
    


 


   

 

Depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was $7.8 million, $11.4 million and $15.9 million, respectively. Depreciation capitalized into inventory for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was $1.9 million, $2.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

 

Capitalized interest related to the Company’s property, plant and equipment purchases during 2009 was $0.7 million. Capitalized interest related to the Company’s property, plant and equipment purchases during 2008 and 2007 was insignificant.

 

(9) INVESTMENT IN SUMMIT CORPORATION PLC

 

In July 2008, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide licensing agreement with Summit Corporation plc (Summit) related to Summit’s preclinical drug candidate SMT C1100 and follow-on molecules (2008 Summit License), which are being developed for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The Company paid Summit $7.1 million for an equity investment in Summit shares and licensing rights to SMT C1100. The initial equity investment represented the acquisition of approximately 5.1 million Summit shares with a fair value at the time of acquisition of $5.7 million, based on public market quotes. The Company’s investment in Summit represents less than 10% of Summit’s outstanding shares. The $1.4 million paid in excess of the fair value of the shares acquired was allocated to the license fee using the residual method and expensed in the third quarter of 2008, as the asset acquired did not have an alternative use. Under the terms of the 2008 Summit License, the Company was obligated to make future development and regulatory milestone payments totaling $51.0 million, contingent on future development and regulatory milestones, as well as tiered royalties based on future net sales. All payments pursuant to the Company’s investment in, and license from, Summit were denominated in British pounds.

 

In March 2009, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Summit. Pursuant to the terms of the asset purchase agreement, the Company purchased certain of Summit’s assets which included the rights, title to and interest in Summit’s preclinical drug candidate SMT C1100, thus terminating the 2008 Summit License. These assets were acquired by issuing a secured promissory note and assuming $56,000 in related liabilities. The promissory note is secured by all of the assets acquired from Summit. The value of the assumed

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

liabilities was expensed in the first quarter of 2009, as the asset acquired does not have an alternative use. Under the secured promissory note, the Company is obligated to make up to $50.0 million in future development and regulatory milestone payments contingent on achieving certain development and regulatory milestones, as well as tiered royalties based on future net sales.

 

The Company accounts for the Summit shares, which are traded on the London Stock Exchange, as an available-for-sale investment, with changes in the fair value reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/loss, exclusive of other-than-temporary impairment losses, if any. Losses determined to be other-than-temporary are reported in earnings in the period in which the impairment occurs.

 

As of December 31, 2009, the Company has recognized cumulative impairment charges of $5.5 million for the decline in the investment’s value determined to be other-than-temporary. The impairment charges are comprised of $4.1 million and $1.4 million recognized in December 2008 and March 2009, respectively. The determination that the decline was other-than-temporary is, in part, subjective and influenced by several factors, including: the length of time and the extent to which the market value had been less than the value on the date of purchase, Summit’s financial condition and near-term prospects, including any events which may influence its operations, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.

 

(10) INVESTMENT IN LA JOLLA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY

 

On January 4, 2009, the Company entered into a co-exclusive worldwide (excluding Asia Pacific) licensing agreement with La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company (La Jolla) to develop and commercialize Riquent, La Jolla’s investigational drug for lupus nephritis. The Company paid La Jolla $7.5 million for the license rights and an additional $7.5 million for 339,104 shares of La Jolla’s Series B Preferred Stock. The initial equity investment represents the acquisition of the La Jolla Series B Preferred shares with a fair value of $6.2 million. The $1.3 million paid in excess of the fair value of the shares acquired was allocated to the license fee using the residual method and expensed in the first quarter of 2009, as the license acquired did not have an alternative future use. Research and development expense related to the Company’s agreements with La Jolla in the first quarter of 2009 approximated $8.8 million, and is comprised of the $7.5 million up-front license fee and the $1.3 million premium paid in excess of the preferred stock’s fair value.

 

On February 12, 2009, the results of the first interim efficacy analysis for the Phase 3 study of the drug were announced, and the Independent Data Monitoring Board determined that the continuation of the trial was futile. Based on the results of this interim efficacy analysis, the Company and La Jolla decided to stop the study.

 

On March 26, 2009, the Company terminated its licensing agreement with La Jolla, triggering the preferred stock’s automatic conversion feature at a rate of one preferred share to thirty shares of common stock. Thus, as of the conversion date, the Company held approximately 10.2 million shares of common stock, or approximately 15.5% La Jolla’s outstanding common stock. The Company accounted for the converted La Jolla shares, which were traded on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange, as an available-for-sale investment. The investment was classified as available-for-sale, with changes in the fair value reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/loss, exclusive of other-than-temporary impairment losses, if any. Losses determined to be other-than-temporary were reported in earnings in the period in which the impairment occurs.

 

In March 2009, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $4.5 million, for the decline in the La Jolla investment’s value was determined to be other-than-temporary. The determination that the decline was

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

other-than-temporary was, in part, subjective and influenced by several factors, including: the length of time and the extent to which the market value of La Jolla’s common stock had been less than the value on the date of purchase, La Jolla’s financial condition and near-term prospects, including any events which may influence its operations, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value. Based on the then current market conditions, La Jolla’s current financial condition and its business prospects, the Company determined that its investment in La Jolla was other-than-temporarily impaired and adjusted the recorded amount of the investment to the stock’s market price on March 31, 2009. In June 2009, the Company sold its 10.2 million shares of La Jolla common stock through a series of open market trades, ranging in gross proceeds to the Company of $0.17 to $0.22 per share. In connection with the sale of the La Jolla common stock, the Company recognized a loss of $66,000 on the sale of the equity investment during the second quarter of 2009.

 

(11) CONVERTIBLE DEBT

 

In April 2007, the Company sold approximately $324.9 million of Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2017. The debt was issued at face value and bears interest at the rate of 1.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash. The debt is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time prior to maturity or redemption, into shares of Company common stock at a conversion price of approximately $20.36 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. There is not a call provision included and the Company is unable to unilaterally redeem the debt prior to maturity on April 23, 2017. The Company also must repay the debt if there is a qualifying change in control or termination of trading of its common stock.

 

In connection with the placement of the April 2007 debt, the Company paid approximately $8.5 million in offering costs, which have been deferred and are included in other assets. They are being amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt. In 2007, the Company recognized $0.6 million of amortization expense. In both 2008 and 2009, the Company recognized amortization of expense of $0.9 million.

 

In March 2006, the Company sold $172.5 million of Senior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2013. The debt was issued at face value and bears interest at the rate of 2.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in cash. The debt is convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time prior to maturity or redemption, into shares of Company common stock at a conversion price of approximately $16.58 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. There is not a call provision included and the Company is unable to unilaterally redeem the debt prior to maturity on March 29, 2013. The Company also must repay the debt if there is a qualifying change in control or termination of trading of its common stock.

 

In connection with the placement of the March 2006 debt, the Company paid approximately $5.5 million in offering costs, which have been deferred and are included in other assets. They are being amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt, and the Company recognized $0.8 million of amortization expense in each of the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. During 2008, certain note holders voluntarily exchanged an insignificant number of convertible notes for shares of the Company’s common stock.

 

Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was $14.2 million, $16.4 million and $14.1 million, respectively. Interest expense included imputed interest related to the Company’s acquisition obligation and totaled $4.5 million, $4.4 million and $2.6 million in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. In the second quarter of 2009, the Company paid its acquisition obligation, resulting in the decline of imputed interest. See Note 4 for additional discussion.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(12) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING STRATEGIES

 

The Company uses hedging contracts to manage the risk of its overall exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. All of the Company’s designated hedging instruments are considered to be cash flow hedges.

 

Foreign Currency Exposure

 

The Company uses forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge certain operational exposures resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Such exposures result from portions of its forecasted revenues being denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Euro and British Pound.

 

The Company designates certain of these foreign currency forward contract hedges as hedging instruments and enters into some foreign currency forward contracts that are considered to be economic hedges which are not designated as hedging instruments. Whether designated or undesignated, these forward contracts protect against the reduction in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from Naglazyme and Aldurazyme revenues and net asset or liability positions designated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The fair values of foreign currency agreements are estimated as described in Note 13, taking into consideration current interest rates and the current creditworthiness of the counterparties or the Company, as applicable. Details of the specific instruments used by the Company to hedge its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations follow below.

 

At December 31, 2009, the Company had 29 foreign currency forward contracts outstanding to sell a total of 37.1 million Euros with expiration dates ranging from January 29, 2010 through December 31, 2010. These hedges were entered into to protect against the fluctuations in Euro denominated Naglazyme and Aldurazyme revenues. The Company has formally designated these contracts as cash flow hedges, and they are expected to be highly effective within the meaning of ASC Subtopic 815-30, Derivatives and Hedging- Cash Flow Hedges, in offsetting fluctuations in revenues denominated in Euros related to changes in the foreign currency exchange rates.

 

The Company also enters into forward foreign currency contracts that are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. The changes in fair value of these foreign currency hedges are included as a part of selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2009, the Company had two outstanding foreign currency contracts to sell 15.2 million Euros and 2.5 million British Pounds that were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes.

 

The maximum length of time over which the Company is hedging its exposure to the reduction in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows through foreign currency forward contracts is through December 2010. Over the next 12 months, the Company expects to reclassify $0.7 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings as related forecasted revenue transactions occur.

 

Prior to the second quarter of 2008, the Company did not enter into any derivative transactions which qualified for hedge accounting. During 2009, the Company recognized foreign currency transaction loss of $65,000 from derivative transactions that qualified for hedge accounting, as compared to a gain of $1.9 million recognized in 2008.

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

At December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2009, the fair value carrying amount of the Company’s derivative instruments was recorded as follows (in thousands):

 

    Asset Derivatives
December 31, 2008


  Liability Derivatives
December 31, 2008


    Balance Sheet Location

  Fair Value

  Balance Sheet Location

  Fair Value

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

                   

Foreign currency forward contracts

  Other current assets   $ 754   Other current liabilities   $ 1,129
       

     

Total

      $ 754       $ 1,129
       

     

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

                   

Foreign currency forward contracts

  Other current assets   $ 49   Other current liabilities   $ —  
       

     

Total

      $ 49       $ —  
       

     

Total derivative contracts

      $ 803       $ 1,129
       

     

    Asset Derivatives
December 31, 2009


  Liability Derivatives
December 31, 2009


    Balance Sheet Location

  Fair Value

  Balance Sheet Location

  Fair Value

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

                   

Foreign currency forward contracts

  Other current assets   $ 77   Other current liabilities   $ 768
       

     

Total

      $ 77       $ 768
       

     

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

                   

Foreign currency forward contracts

  Other current assets   $ 6   Other current liabilities   $ 27
       

     

Total

      $ 6       $ 27
       

     

Total derivative contracts

      $ 83       $ 795
       

     

 

The effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009 was as follows (in thousands):

 

     Foreign Currency Forward
Contracts


 
     December 31,
2008


    December 31,
2009


 

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments

                

Net loss recognized in OCI (1)

   $ (212   $ (477

Net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (2)

     1,908        (65

Net gain (loss) recognized in income (3)

     (329     (76

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

                

Net gain (loss) recognized in income (4)

     2,901        (1,144

(1) Net change in the fair value of the effective portion classified in other comprehensive income (OCI)
(2) Effective portion classified as product revenue
(3) Ineffective portion and amount excluded from effectiveness testing classified in selling, general and administrative expense
(4) Classified in selling, general and administrative expense

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

At December 31, 2008 and 2009, accumulated other comprehensive income associated with foreign currency forward contracts qualifying for hedge accounting treatment was a loss of $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

 

The Company is exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of its derivative financial instruments. The Company has established and maintained strict counterparty credit guidelines and enters into hedges only with financial institutions that are investment grade or better to minimize the Company’s exposure to potential defaults. The Company does not require collateral to be pledged under these agreements.

 

(13) FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

 

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including available-for-sale fixed income, other equity securities and foreign currency derivatives. The tables below present the fair value of these financial assets and liabilities determined using the following inputs at December 31, 2008 and 2009 (in thousands).

 

    Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2008

    Total

  Quoted Price in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)


  Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)


  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)


Assets:

                       

Money market instruments and overnight deposits (1)

  $ 222,900   $ 12,959   $ 209,941   $ —  

Corporate securities (3)

    55,170     —       55,170     —  

Equity securities (4)

    3,965     2,332     1,633     —  

Government agency securities (3)

    221,891     —       221,891     —  

Government-backed commercial paper (3)

    24,375     —       24,375     —  

Commercial paper (3)

    33,124     —       33,124     —  

Deferred compensation asset (8)

    854     —       854     —  

Foreign currency derivatives (5)

    803     —       803     —  
   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 563,082   $ 15,291   $ 547,791   $ —  
   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

                       

Deferred compensation liability (6)

  $ 1,428   $ 574   $ 854   $ —  

Foreign currency derivatives (7)

    1,129     —       1,129     —  
   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 2,557   $ 574   $ 1,983   $ —  
   

 

 

 

 

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BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

    Fair Value Measurements
at December 31, 2009


    Total

  Quoted Price in Active
Markets for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)


  Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)


  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)


Assets:

                       

Money market instruments and overnight deposits (1)

  $ 167,171   $ 18,761   $ 148,410   $ —  

Certificates of deposit (2)

    49,637     —       49,637     —  

Corporate securities (3)

    161,265     —       161,265     —  

Equity securities (4)

    1,753     1,361     392     —  

Government agency securities (3)

    82,707     —       82,707     —  

Commercial paper (3)

    7,993     —       7,993     —  

Deferred compensation asset (8)

    1,791     —       1,791     —  

Foreign currency derivatives (5)

    83     —       83     —  
   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 472,400   $ 20,122   $ 452,278   $ —  
   

 

 

 

Liabilities:

                       

Deferred compensation liability (6)

  $ 3,505   $ 1,714   $ 1,791   $ —  

Foreign currency derivatives (7)

    795     —       795     —  

Contingent acquisition consideration (9)

    21,213     —       —       21,213
   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 25,513   $ 1,714   $ 2,586   $ 21,213
   

 

 

 


(1) These amounts are included in cash and cash equivalents investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
(2) 62% and 38% are included in short-term and long-term investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, respectively.
(3) These amounts are included in short-term investments and long-term investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2008, all balances were classified as short-term investments. At December 31, 2009, 64% of corporate securities and 58% of government agencies were included in long-term investments and the remaining balances are included in short-term investments.
(4) These amounts are included in short-term investments and long-term investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2008 and 2009, 41% and 22%, respectively, are included in long-term investments and the remaining balances are included in short-term investments.
(5) These amounts are included in other current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Foreign currency derivatives at December 31, 2009 include forward foreign exchange contracts for the Euro. Foreign currency derivatives at December 31, 2008 include forward foreign exchange contracts for Euros and British Pounds.
(6) At December 31, 2008 and 2009, 100% and 89%, respectively, was included in other long-term liabilities and the remainder is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
(7) These amounts are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
(8) At December 31, 2008 and 2009 100% and 95%, respectively of this balance is included in other assets and the 5% of the December 31, 2009 balance is included in other current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
(9) At December 31, 2009, 62% and 38% of these amounts are included in other long-term liabilities and accrued expenses, respectively. See Note 5 for additional discussion.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(14) INCOME TAXES

 

Except for 2008, the Company has generated net losses since its inception in 1997. As of December 31, 2009, the Company had federal operating loss carryforwards of approximately $311.3 million and state operating loss carryforwards of approximately $134.0 million. The Company also had federal research and development and orphan drug credit carryforwards of approximately $106.2 million as of December 31, 2009, and state research credit carryovers of approximately $14.0 million. The federal net operating loss and credit carryforwards expire at various dates beginning in the year 2019 through 2029, if not utilized. The state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2010 and will completely expire in 2029 if not utilized. Certain state research credit carryovers will begin to expire in 2019 if not utilized, with others carrying forward indefinitely. The Company also has Canadian net operating loss carryforwards of $3.4 million and research credit carryovers of $0.3 million that it currently does not expect to fully utilize. The Canadian NOLS and research credit carryovers expire from 2010 to 2027 and 2012, respectively.

 

The Company’s net operating losses and credits could be subject to annual limitations under IRS Section 382 due to potential changes of ownership during 2009, as the Company completed its most recent Section 382 analysis as of December 31, 2008.

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets for financial reporting and the amount used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets for federal and state income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,

 
     2008

    2009

 

Net deferred tax assets:

                

Net operating loss carryforwards

   $ 114,536      $ 117,544   

Credit and contribution carryforwards

     117,254        119,207   

Capitalized research expenses

     3,664        2,480   

Property, plant and equipment

     8,041        9,278   

Accrued expenses, reserves, and prepaids

     7,111        7,305   

Intangible assets

     33,356        5,220   

Deferred revenue

     425        33   

Stock-based compensation

     6,275        12,623   

Impairment on investment

     1,882        2,676   

Inventory

     4,019        4,376   

Capital loss carryforwards

     —          1,624   
    


 


Gross deferred tax assets

   $ 296,563      $ 282,366   

Deferred tax liability related to joint venture basis difference

     (1,601     (1,991

Deferred tax liability related to acquisition of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

     —          (14,291

Other

     (222     (464

Valuation allowance

     (294,740     (268,080
    


 


Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

   $ —        $ (2,460
    


 


 

The $14.3 million deferred tax liability relates to the tax impact of future amortization or possible impairments associated with the intangible assets acquired from Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which are not deductible for tax purposes. The deferred tax liability is comprised of $11.8 million and $2.5 million related to European and U.S intangible assets, respectively. The EMEA granted Firdapse marketing approval in December

 

F-35


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

2009, changing the useful life of the European rights from indefinite to 10 years. Upon the closing of the acquisition the Company believed it could estimate the reversal of the temporary difference related to the European asset with sufficient reliability such that the related deferred tax liability could be considered as a source of taxable income in assessing the Company’s need for a valuation allowance. This was based on its approval in the EU which resulted in the European asset becoming an amortizing asset. However, the Company had sufficient uncertainty around the timing of the reversal of the US asset such that it could not be netted with any deferred tax assets.

 

A full valuation allowance is maintained against the Company’s deferred tax assets as management believes that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized, because ultimate long-term profitability of the Company is uncertain as of December 31, 2009. The net valuation allowance increased by $0.3 million in 2008 and decreased $26.7 million in 2009. The decrease in the gross amount of net deferred tax assets and net valuation allowance during 2009 is primarily attributed to the disposition of the Orapred intangible asset in 2009.

 

As of December 31, 2009, approximately $73.2 million of the above federal net operating loss carryforwards and $55.7 million of the above state net operating loss carryforwards arose from the exercise of employee stock options, which will be accounted for as an increase to additional paid-in-capital if and when realized.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Company recognized $0.7 million, $2.6 million and $1.1 million of income tax expense, respectively, primarily related to income earned in several of the Company’s international subsidiaries, California state income tax and U.S. federal Alternative Minimum Tax in 2008 only. In 2009, the Company had pre-tax book income of $3.1 million and a pre-tax book loss of $2.5 million in the U.S. and its foreign subsidiaries, respectively. The Company had no deferred income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The reconciliations between the U.S. federal statutory tax rates to the Company’s effective tax rates are as follows:

 

     December 31,

 
     2007

     2008

     2009

 

Federal tax

   35.0    35.0    35.0

State tax

   —         3.1    8.8

Permanent items

   (55.0 )%     (29.1 )%     1,110.8

General business credits

   95.4    4.4    488.9

Foreign income tax

   (4.8 )%     2.4    223.4

Alternative minimum tax

   —         2.1    (45.9 )% 

Valuation allowance

   (75.4 )%     (10.3 )%     (1,634.7 )% 
    

  

  

Effective income tax rate

   (4.8 )%     7.6    186.3
    

  

  

 

     December 31,

 
     2007

   2008

   2009

 

Federal income tax expense

   $  —      $ 716    $ (362

State income tax expense

     —        1,055      (17

Foreign income tax expense

     729      822      1,433   
    

  

  


Total income tax expense

   $ 729    $ 2,593    $ 1,054   
    

  

  


 

F-36


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

The Company adopted the provisions of ASC Subtopic 740-10, Income Taxes on January 1, 2007. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

 

Balance at December 31, 2008

   $ —  

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year

     2,327

Additions for tax positions of prior years

     20,708
    

Balance at December 31, 2009

   $ 23,035
    

 

The annual effective tax rate would not be affected by the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized because of a full valuation allowance.

 

The Company’s policy for classifying interest and penalties associated with unrecognized income tax benefits is to include such items in the income tax expense. No interest or penalties have been recorded by the Company to date through December 31, 2009.

 

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. For income tax returns filed before 2005, the Company is no longer subject to audit by the U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax authorities. However, carryforward tax attributes that were generated prior to 2005 may still be adjusted upon examination by tax authorities. Currently, the Company has no pending or open tax return audits.

 

Deferred taxes have not been provided on the cumulative undistributed earnings approximating $0.6 million as of December 31, 2009, of certain foreign subsidiaries as such earnings have been permanently reinvested. The Company has also elected to treat certain foreign entities as disregarded entities for U.S. tax purposes, which results in their net income or loss being recognized currently in the Company’s U.S. tax return. As such, the tax benefit of net operating losses available for foreign statutory tax purposes has already been recognized for U.S. purposes.

 

(15) REVENUE AND CREDIT CONCENTRATIONS

 

The Company considers there to be revenue concentration risks for regions where net product revenue exceeds 10% of consolidated net product revenue. The concentration of the Company’s revenue within the regions below may expose the Company to a material adverse effect if sales in the respective regions were to experience difficulties. The table below summarizes product revenue concentrations based on patient location for Naglazyme and Kuvan and Genzyme’s location for Aldurazyme for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.

 

     Year Ended
December 31,


 
     2007

    2008

    2009

 

Region:

                  

United States

   21   56   53

Europe

   60   25   24

Latin America

   7   10   11

Rest of World

   12   9   12
    

 

 

Total Net Product Revenue

   100   100   100
    

 

 

 

F-37


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

As of December 31, 2009, accounts receivable related to net product sales of Naglazyme and Kuvan and Aldurazyme product transfer and royalty revenues. On a consolidated basis, three customers accounted for 49% of the Company’s Naglazyme and Kuvan net product revenues during 2009, compared to 2008 when six customers accounted for 68% of our Naglazyme and Kuvan net product revenues. Genzyme is the Company’s sole customer for Aldurazyme and is responsible for marketing and selling Aldurazyme to third parties. Prior to 2008 Aldurazyme sales were recorded through the joint venture. See Note 20 for additional discussion. Aldurazyme sales in 2008 and 2009 were $72.5 million and $70.2 million, respectively. On a consolidated basis, two customers accounted for 49% and 18% of the December 31, 2009 accounts receivable balance, respectively, compared to December 31, 2008 when two customers accounted for 17% and 50% of the accounts receivable balance, respectively. The Company does not require collateral from its customers, but performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and requires immediate payment in certain circumstances.

 

(16) COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS

 

(a) Merck Serono

 

In May 2005, the Company entered into an agreement with Merck Serono S.A. (Merck Serono) for the further development and commercialization of BH4, both in Kuvan for PKU and for other indications, and PEG-PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase). Through the agreement and subsequent amendment, Merck Serono acquired exclusive rights to market these products in all territories outside the U.S., Canada and Japan, and BioMarin retained exclusive rights to market these products in the U.S. and Canada. The Company and Merck Serono will generally share equally all development costs following successful completion of Phase 2 trials for each product candidate in each indication. BioMarin and Merck Serono are individually responsible for the costs of commercializing the products within their respective territories. Merck Serono will also pay BioMarin royalties on its net sales of these products.

 

Pursuant to the agreement, Merck Serono paid BioMarin $25.0 million as consideration for executing the agreement, and is required to make additional milestone payments of up to $232.0 million based on the successful development and approval of both products in multiple indications, including $45.0 million associated with Kuvan for the treatment of PKU. The $45.0 million in Kuvan approval milestones was received in two payments of $15.0 million and $30.0 million during 2007 and 2008, respectively, when the EMEA filing was accepted and EU marketing approval was obtained. The term of the agreement is the later of 10 years after the first commercial sale of the products or the period through the expiration of all related patents within the territories. As of December 31, 2008 and 2009, accounts receivable included $0.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, due from Merck Serono for reimbursable development costs for Kuvan.

 

(b) Other Agreements

 

The Company is engaged in research and development collaborations with various other entities. These provide for sponsorship of research and development by the Company and may also provide for exclusive royalty-bearing intellectual property licenses or rights of first negotiation regarding licenses to intellectual property development under the collaborations. Typically, these agreements can be terminated for cause by either party upon 90 days written notice.

 

In September 2007, the Company licensed to Asubio Pharma Co., Ltd. (a subsidiary of Daiichi Sankyo) exclusive rights to data and intellectual property contained in the Kuvan new drug application. The Company will receive a milestone payment for approval and royalties on net sales of the product.

 

F-38


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(17) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

(a) Lease Commitments

 

The Company leases office space and research, testing and manufacturing laboratory space in various facilities under operating agreements expiring at various dates through 2019. Certain of the leases provide for options by the Company to extend the lease for multiple five-year renewal periods and also provide for annual minimum increases in rent, usually based on a Consumer Price Index or annual minimum increases. Minimum lease payments for future years are as follows (in thousands):

 

2010

   $ 4,283

2011

     4,037

2012

     3,408

2013

     3,087

2014

     1,356

Thereafter

     3,260
    

Total

   $ 19,431
    

 

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 was $3.9 million, $3.6 million, and $4.3 million, respectively. Deferred rent accruals at December 31, 2009 totaled $1.3 million, of which $0.4 million was current. At December 31, 2008, deferred rent accruals totaled $1.3 million, of which $0.2 million was current.

 

(b) Research and Development Funding and Technology Licenses

 

The Company uses experts and laboratories at universities and other institutions to perform certain research and development activities. These amounts are included as research and development expenses as services are provided.

 

The Company has also licensed technology, for which it is required to pay royalties upon future sales, subject to certain annual minimums. As of December 31, 2009, such minimum annual commitments are approximately $0.3 million.

 

(c) Contingencies

 

From time to time the Company is involved in legal actions arising in the normal course of its business. The Company is not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any litigation threatened against the Company that collectively is expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s cash flows, financial condition or results of operations. The Company is also subject to contingent payments totaling approximately $167.5 million upon achievement of certain regulatory and licensing milestones if they occur before certain dates in the future.

 

There have been several lawsuits filed in Brazil alleging that the Company’s joint venture with Genzyme and/or the affiliates of the joint venture are contractually obligated to provide Aldurazyme at no cost to several patients in Brazil. The joint venture and/or its affiliates are vigorously defending against these actions. The joint venture and management of the Company are not able to predict the outcome of these cases or estimate with certainty the amount or range of any possible loss the joint venture might incur if the joint venture and/or its affiliates do not prevail in the final, non-appealable determination of these matters.

 

F-39


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

(18) RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

The Company’s former Chief Medical Officer once held an adjunct faculty position with LA Biomedical, formerly known as Harbor-UCLA Research Educational Institute, for purposes of conducting research. LA Biomedical licenses certain intellectual property and provides other research services to the Company. The Company is also obligated to pay LA Biomedical royalties on future sales of products covered by the license agreement. The Company’s joint venture with Genzyme is subject to a second agreement with LA Biomedical that requires the Company’s joint venture partner to pay LA Biomedical a royalty on sales of Aldurazyme through November 2019. Pursuant to the officer’s agreements with LA Biomedical, which were entered into prior to his employment with the Company, the officer is entitled to certain portions of these amounts payable to LA Biomedical. The license agreements were effective before the officer was a BioMarin employee. Pursuant to these agreements, the officer was entitled to approximately $1.4 million and $1.8 million from Genzyme related to Aldurazyme during 2007 and 2008, respectively. There were no related party transactions in 2009.

 

(19) COMPENSATION AGREEMENTS AND PLANS

 

(a) Employment Agreements

 

The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain officers. Generally, these agreements can be terminated without cause by the Company upon written prior notice, or by the officer upon four weeks’ prior written notice to the Company.

 

(b) 401(k) Plan

 

The Company sponsors the BioMarin Retirement Savings Plan (401(k) Plan). Most employees (Participants) are eligible to participate following the start of their employment, at the beginning of each calendar month. Participants may contribute to the 401(k) Plan up to the lesser of 100% of their current compensation to or an amount up to a statutorily prescribed annual limit. The Company pays the direct expenses of the 401(k) Plan and matches 100% of each Participant’s contributions, up to a maximum of the lesser of 2% of the employee’s annual compensation or $4,000 per year. The Company’s matching contribution vests over four years from employment commencement and was approximately $0.8 million, $1.3 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Employer contributions not vested upon employee termination are forfeited.

 

(c) Deferred Compensation Plan

 

In December 2005, the Company adopted the BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the Deferred Compensation Plan). The Deferred Compensation Plan allows eligible employees, including management and certain highly-compensated employees as designated by the Plan’s Administrative Committee, and members of the Board the opportunity to make voluntary deferrals of compensation to specified future dates, retirement or death. Participants are permitted to defer portions of their salary, annual cash bonus and restricted stock. The Company may not make additional direct contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan on behalf of the participants, without further action by the Board. Deferred compensation is held in trust and generally invested to match the investment benchmarks selected by participants. The recorded cost of any investments will approximate fair value. Investments of $0.9 million and $1.8 million and the related deferred compensation liability of $1.4 million and $3.5 million were recorded as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Restricted stock issued into the Deferred Compensation Plan is recorded and accounted for similarly to treasury stock in that the value of the employer stock id determined on the date the restricted stock vests and the shares are issued into the Deferred Compensation Plan. The restricted stock issued into the Deferred Compensation Plan is recorded in equity. As of December 31, 2008 and 2009,

 

F-40


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

restricted stock issued into the Deferred Compensation Plan was $0.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The change in market value was insignificant for the year ended December 31, 2007 and amounted to a loss of approximately $0.3 million in 2008 compared to a gain of approximately $0.3 million in 2009.

 

(20) JOINT VENTURE

 

Effective January 2008, the Company and Genzyme restructured BioMarin/Genzyme LLC. Under the revised structure, the operational responsibilities for BioMarin and Genzyme did not significantly change, as Genzyme continues to globally market and sell Aldurazyme and BioMarin continues to manufacture Aldurazyme. The restructuring had two significant business purposes. First, since each party now has full control over its own operational responsibilities, without the need to obtain the approval of the other party, and the parties do not need to review and oversee the activities of the other, it reduces management’s time and effort and therefore improves overall efficiencies. Second, since each party will realize 100% of the benefit of their own increased operational efficiencies, it increases the incentives to identify and implement cost saving measures. Under the previous 50/50 structure, each company shared 50% of the expense associated with the other’s inefficiencies and only received 50% of the benefit of its own efficiencies. Specifically, the Company will be able to realize the full benefit of any manufacturing cost reductions and Genzyme will be able to realize the full benefit of any sales and marketing efficiencies.

 

On January 1, 2008, Genzyme began to record sales of Aldurazyme to third party customers and pay BioMarin a tiered payment ranging from approximately 39.5% to 50% of worldwide net product sales depending on sales volume, which is recorded by BioMarin as product revenue. The Company recognizes a portion of this amount as product transfer revenue when product is released to Genzyme as all of the Company’s performance obligations are fulfilled at this point and title to, and risk of loss for, the product has transferred to Genzyme. The product transfer revenue represents the fixed amount per unit of Aldurazyme that Genzyme is required to pay the Company if the product is unsold by Genzyme. The amount of product transfer revenue is deducted from the calculated royalty rate when the product is sold by Genzyme. Genzyme’s return rights for Aldurazyme are limited to defective product. Certain research and development activities and intellectual property related to Aldurazyme continues to be managed in the joint venture with the costs shared equally by BioMarin and Genzyme. Pursuant to the terms of the joint venture restructuring, the Company received distributions of $16.7 million of cash and $26.8 million of inventory from the joint venture in the first quarter of 2008.

 

As a result of restructuring the joint venture, the Company made an initial transfer of inventory on-hand to Genzyme, resulting in the recognition of product transfer revenue of $14.0 million during the first quarter of 2008. A portion of that initial inventory transfer, representing $4.5 million of the related product transfer revenue, was also sold by Genzyme during the first quarter of 2008, which resulted in a royalty due to the Company totaling $14.6 million.

 

The Company presents the related cost of sales and its Aldurazyme-related operating expenses as operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Equity in the loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC subsequent to the restructuring includes BioMarin’s 50% share of the net income/loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC related to intellectual property management and ongoing research and development activities.

 

F-41


Table of Contents

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

December 31, 2008 and 2009

 

The results of the joint venture’s operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, are presented in the table below (in thousands). Equity in the income (loss) of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC for the year ended December 31, 2007 represents the Company’s 50% share of the joint venture’s income for the period presented prior to the restructuring.

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2007

   2008
(unaudited)


    2009
(unaudited)

 

Revenue

   $ 123,671    $ —        $ —     

Cost of goods sold

     26,877      —          —     
    

  


 


Gross profit

     96,794      —          —     

Operating expenses

     36,510      4,738        5,195   
    

  


 


Income (loss) from operations

     60,284      (4,738     (5,195

Other income

     766      198        7   
    

  


 


Net income (loss)

   $ 61,050    $ (4,540   $ (5,188
    

  


 


Equity in the income (loss) of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

   $ 30,525    $ (2,270   $ (2,594
    

  


 


 

At December 31, 2008 and 2009, the summarized assets and liabilities of the joint venture and the components of the Company’s investment in the joint venture are as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2008
(unaudited)


    2009
(unaudited)

 

Assets

   $ 2,991      $ 2,088   

Liabilities

     (1,161     (1,206
    


 


Net equity

   $ 1,830      $ 822   
    


 


Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (50% share of net equity)

   $ 915      $ 441   
    


 


 

(21) SUBSEQUENT EVENT

 

On February 4, 2010, the Company announced that it entered into a stock purchase agreement with LEAD Therapeutics, Inc., or LEAD, and the stockholders of LEAD to acquire all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of LEAD. LEAD is a small private drug discovery and early stage development company with a key compound LT-673, an orally available poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for the treatment of patients with genetically defined cancers. In connection with its acquisition of LEAD, the Company purchased all of the capital stock of LEAD on February 10, 2010 for an upfront cash payment to the stockholders of LEAD of $18.0 million, $3.0 million of which was paid in 2009, and will pay the stockholders an additional $11.0 million upon acceptance of the IND filing expected by the end of 2010 and up to $68.0 million for the achievement of other development and launch milestones for LT-673.

 

F-42

EX-10.37 2 dex1037.htm STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT Stock Purchase Agreement

Exhibit 10.37

CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED

Redacted portions are indicated by [****].

Redacted portions filed separately with

Confidential Treatment Application.

STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT

by and among

BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC.,

HUXLEY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

and

THE STOCKHOLDERS OF HUXLEY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

DATED October 20, 2009


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

              Page

ARTICLE I         Description of Transaction

   1
  

Section 1.1

 

Agreement to Purchase and Sell

   1
  

Section 1.2

 

Purchase Price

   1
  

Section 1.3

 

Payment of Purchase Price

   1
  

Section 1.4

 

Contingent Payments

   2
  

Section 1.5

 

Net Sales Reports

   2
  

Section 1.6

 

Audits

   2
  

Section 1.7

 

Definitions

   2

ARTICLE II         Representations and Warranties of the Company and the Stockholders

   2
  

Section 2.1

 

Organization; Standing and Power

   3
  

Section 2.2

 

Capitalization

   3
  

Section 2.3

 

Subsidiaries

   4
  

Section 2.4

 

Authority, No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents

   4
  

Section 2.5

 

Company Financial Statements; Undisclosed Liabilities

   5
  

Section 2.6

 

No Undisclosed Liabilities; Indebtedness

   6
  

Section 2.7

 

Absence of Certain Changes or Events

   7
  

Section 2.8

 

Taxes

   7
  

Section 2.9

 

Owned and Leased Real Properties

   8
  

Section 2.10

 

Intellectual Property

   8
  

Section 2.11

 

Agreements; Government Contracts

   11
  

Section 2.12

 

Litigation

   12
  

Section 2.13

 

Environmental Matters

   12
  

Section 2.14

 

Employees and Employee Benefit Plans

   14
  

Section 2.15

 

Compliance With Laws

   15
  

Section 2.16

 

Permits

   17
  

Section 2.17

 

Named Patient Sales

   17
  

Section 2.18

 

Labor Matters

   17
  

Section 2.19

 

Insurance

   17
  

Section 2.20

 

Brokers, Schedule of Fees and Expenses

   17

 

i


  

Section 2.21

 

Title to and Sufficiency of Assets

   18
  

Section 2.22

 

Inventory

   18
  

Section 2.23

 

Bank Accounts; Receivables

   18
  

Section 2.24

 

Personal Property

   18
  

Section 2.25

 

Product and Service Warranties

   18
  

Section 2.26

 

Certain Payments

   18
  

Section 2.27

 

Full Disclosure

   19

ARTICLE III        Representations and Warranties of Each Stockholder

   19
  

Section 3.1

 

Organization and Good Standing

   19
  

Section 3.2

 

Ownership; Title to Shares

   19
  

Section 3.3

 

Authority and Enforceability

   20
  

Section 3.4

 

No Violations; Consents

   20

ARTICLE IV        Representations and Warranties of the Purchaser

   21
  

Section 4.1

 

Corporate Existence and Power

   21
  

Section 4.2

 

Authorization; Binding Nature of Agreement

   21
  

Section 4.3

 

Absence of Restrictions; Required Consents

   21
  

Section 4.4

 

Financial Statements

   22

ARTICLE V        Certain Covenants and Agreements

   22
  

Section 5.1

 

Access and Investigation

   22
  

Section 5.2

 

Operation of the Company’s Business

   22
  

Section 5.3

 

Stockholder Covenants

   25
  

Section 5.4

 

Notification

   25
  

Section 5.5

 

No Negotiation

   26
  

Section 5.6

 

Regulatory Filings

   27
  

Section 5.7

 

Related Party Transactions

   27
  

Section 5.8

 

Public Announcements

   27
  

Section 5.9

 

Reasonable Efforts; Further Assurances; Cooperation

   28
  

Section 5.10

 

Tax Matters

   28
  

Section 5.11

 

Non-Competition

   29
  

Section 5.12

 

Cooperation with Financial Reporting

   30
  

Section 5.13

 

Development and Commercialization Following Closing

   31
  

Section 5.14

 

Release

   31

 

ii


  

Section 5.15

 

Financial Statements

   31
  

Section 5.16

 

Purchase Price Escrow

   31

ARTICLE VI        Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Purchaser

   31
  

Section 6.1

 

Accuracy of Representations

   31
  

Section 6.2

 

Performance of Covenants

   32
  

Section 6.3

 

Stockholder Compliance Certificate

   32
  

Section 6.4

 

Ancillary Agreements and Deliveries

   32
  

Section 6.5

 

No Material Adverse Effect

   32
  

Section 6.6

 

No Restraints

   32
  

Section 6.7

 

No Litigation

   32
  

Section 6.8

 

Receipt of Positive Opinion

   33

ARTICLE VII        Conditions Precedent to the Obligations of the Company and the Stockholders

   33
  

Section 7.1

 

Accuracy of Representations

   33
  

Section 7.2

 

Performance of Covenants

   33
  

Section 7.3

 

Purchaser Compliance Certificate

   33
  

Section 7.4

 

Ancillary Agreements and Deliveries

   33
  

Section 7.5

 

No Restraints

   33

ARTICLE VIII        Closing

   34
  

Section 8.1

 

Closing

   34
  

Section 8.2

 

Stockholder and Company Closing Deliveries

   34
  

Section 8.3

 

Purchaser Closing Deliveries

   35

ARTICLE IX        Termination

   35
  

Section 9.1

 

Termination Events

   35

ARTICLE X        Indemnification

   36
  

Section 10.1

 

Indemnification Obligations of the Stockholders

   36
  

Section 10.2

 

Indemnification Obligations of the Purchaser

   36
  

Section 10.3

 

Indemnification Procedure

   37
  

Section 10.4

 

Survival Period

   39
  

Section 10.5

 

Liability Limits

   39
  

Section 10.6

 

Investigations

   39
  

Section 10.7

 

Set-Off

   39

 

iii


  

Section 10.8

 

Exclusive Remedy

   39
  

Section 10.9

 

Characterization of Indemnification Payments

   40
  

Section 10.10

 

Payments from Insurance Policies

   40

ARTICLE XI        Stockholder Representative

   40
  

Section 11.1

 

Stockholder Representative

   40

ARTICLE XII        Miscellaneous Provisions

   41
  

Section 12.1

 

Further Assurances

   41
  

Section 12.2

 

Fees and Expenses

   42
  

Section 12.3

 

Waiver; Amendment

   42
  

Section 12.4

 

Entire Agreement

   42
  

Section 12.5

 

Execution of Agreement; Counterparts; Electronic Signatures

   42
  

Section 12.6

 

Governing Law; Jurisdiction and Venue

   42
  

Section 12.7

 

WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL

   43
  

Section 12.8

 

Assignment and Successors

   43
  

Section 12.9

 

Parties in Interest

   44
  

Section 12.10

 

Notices

   44
  

Section 12.11

 

Construction; Usage

   45
  

Section 12.12

 

Enforcement of Agreement

   46
  

Section 12.13

 

Severability

   46
  

Section 12.14

 

Time of Essence

   46
  

Section 12.15

 

Schedules and Exhibits

   46

 

iv


EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit A    -      Definitions [**portions redacted**]
Exhibit 1.3    -      Stockholder Information and Ownership [**portions redacted**]
Exhibit 2.14    -      Stock Option Plan
Exhibit 5.2(b)    -      Form of First Amendment to License Agreement [**redacted in its entirety**]
Exhibit 5.16    -      Form of Escrow Agreement

Stockholder Disclosure Schedule [**redacted in its entirety**]

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

v


STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT

THIS STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT is made and entered into as of October 20, 2009, by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Purchaser”), Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the stockholders of the Company set forth on the signature pages hereto (collectively the “Stockholders” and individually, a “Stockholder”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the Stockholders own all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company (the “Shares”); and

WHEREAS, upon the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Stockholders propose to sell to the Purchaser and the Purchaser proposes to purchase from the Stockholders, all of the Shares in exchange for the consideration set forth herein;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the respective covenants, agreements and representations and warranties set forth herein, the parties to this Agreement, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DESCRIPTION OF TRANSACTION

Section 1.1 Agreement to Purchase and Sell. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, at the Closing, the Stockholders shall sell, assign, transfer and deliver to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser shall purchase and acquire from the Stockholders, all right, title and interest in and to the Shares, free and clear of all Liens.

Section 1.2 Purchase Price. The aggregate cash amount to be paid for the Shares shall be Fifteen Million Dollars (US $15,000,000) (the “Closing Date Amount”), plus any contingent payment(s) that might become payable to the Stockholders pursuant to Section 1.4 (all such amounts paid to the Stockholders being hereinafter referred to as the “Purchase Price”).

Section 1.3 Payment of Purchase Price.

(a) At the Closing, the Closing Date Amount shall be paid by the Purchaser as follows (i)[****] (the “Escrow Amount”) shall be deposited into the Escrow Account subject to the Escrow Agreement (the “Escrow Account”), and (ii) [****] shall be paid by wire transfer to the Stockholders in the portions and to the accounts listed on Exhibit 1.3 opposite each such Stockholder’s name.

(b) At the Closing, the Stockholders shall transfer, grant, convey, sell and assign to the Purchaser all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company, including all outstanding options, warrants, rights or other securities convertible into shares of

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

1


capital stock of the Company. At the Closing and thereafter, each Stockholder shall enter into such instruments of transfer, including stock powers and stock transfer agreements, as may be requested by the Purchaser to evidence such transfer and shall deliver to the Purchaser all physical original certificates evidencing all such securities or rights with stock transfer powers appropriately completed and signed.

Section 1.4 Contingent Payments. [****]

(a) Marketing Authorization in Europe. Upon receipt by the Purchaser or any Affiliate or Sublicensee of the Purchaser of approval of an MAA granted by the EC for a Product, the Purchaser shall pay to the Stockholders an aggregate cash amount of Six Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars (US $6,500,000).

(b) EU Annual Net Sales. [****].

(c) EU Cumulative Net Sales. [****].

(d) Receipt of FDA Orphan Designation. Upon receipt by the Purchaser or any Affiliate or Sublicensee of the Purchaser of orphan drug designation from the FDA for a Product for the treatment of LEMS, the Purchaser shall pay to the Stockholders an aggregate cash amount of One Million Dollars (US $1,000,000).

(e) [****]

(f) [****]

(g) [****].

(h) [****].

[****]

Section 1.5 Net Sales Reports. [****]

Section 1.6 Audits. The Purchaser shall keep or cause to be kept complete, true and accurate books of account and records showing the derivation of all amounts payable to the Stockholders in connection with this Agreement. Such books of record shall be preserved until at least the seventh (7th) anniversary of the Closing Date. [****]

Section 1.7 Definitions. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Exhibit A hereto.

ARTICLE II

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY AND THE

STOCKHOLDERS

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

2


Except as set forth on the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, (a) the Company and the Stockholders hereby, jointly and severally, represent and warrant to the Purchaser as of the date hereof, and (b) the Stockholders hereby, jointly and severally, represent and warrant to the Purchaser as of the Closing Date, as set forth below. Information and qualifications set forth in one Section of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule shall be deemed to have been disclosed in all other Sections of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, notwithstanding the omission of an appropriate cross-reference to such other Section.

Section 2.1 Organization; Standing and Power.

(a) The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has all requisite corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as now being conducted and as proposed to be conducted as of the Closing Date and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction listed in Section 2.1 of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, which jurisdictions constitute the only jurisdictions in which the character of the properties it owns, operates or leases or the nature of its activities makes such qualification necessary, except for such failures to be so qualified or in good standing that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company has made available to the Purchaser complete and accurate copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws of the Company.

(b) For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Company Material Adverse Effect” means any change, event, circumstance, development or effect (each, a “Change”, and collectively, “Changes”) that, individually or in the aggregate with all other Changes occurring or existing prior to the determination of a Company Material Adverse Effect, (i) will result in the failure of the Company to operate its business immediately after the Closing in the same manner as operated immediately before the Closing after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or (ii) has a material adverse effect on (A) the business, assets, liabilities, capitalization, prospects, condition (financial or other) or results of operations of the Company, or (B) the ability of the Company and the Stockholders to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; provided, that “Company Material Adverse Effect” shall not include Changes in conditions in the U.S. or global economy or capital or financial markets generally. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties agree that the terms “material,” “materially” or “materiality” as used in this Agreement with an initial lower case “m” shall have their respective customary and ordinary meanings, without regard to the meanings ascribed to Company Material Adverse Effect in this paragraph.

Section 2.2 Capitalization.

(a) The authorized capital stock of the Company as of the date of this Agreement consists of one hundred million (100,000,000) shares of Company Common Stock and zero shares of preferred stock, $.0001 par value per share (“Company Preferred Stock”). The rights and privileges of each class of the Company’s capital stock are as set forth in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation. As of October 20, 2009, (i) 13,194,670 shares of Company Common Stock were issued and outstanding, (ii) no shares of Company Common

 

3


Stock were held in the treasury of the Company, and (iii) no shares of Company Preferred Stock were designated, issued or outstanding.

(b) There are no issued and outstanding shares of Company Common Stock that constitute restricted stock or that are otherwise subject to a repurchase or redemption right or right of first refusal in favor of the Company.

(c) Except as set forth on Section 2.2(c) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, there are no options, warrants, equity securities, calls, rights, commitments or agreements of any character to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound obligating the Company to issue, exchange, transfer, deliver or sell, or cause to be issued, exchanged, transferred, delivered or sold, additional shares of capital stock or other equity interests of the Company or any security or rights convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any such shares or other equity interests, or obligating the Company to grant, extend, accelerate the vesting of, otherwise modify or amend or enter into any such option, warrant, equity security, call, right, commitment or agreement. Each of the foregoing options that is set forth on Section 2.2(c) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule shall be exercised or terminated on or prior to the Closing Date. The Company does not have any outstanding stock appreciation rights, phantom stock, performance based stock or equity rights or similar stock or equity rights or obligations. Neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates is a party to or is bound by any agreements or understandings with respect to the voting (including voting trusts and proxies) or sale or transfer (including agreements imposing transfer restrictions) of any shares of capital stock or other equity interests of the Company.

(d) All outstanding shares of Company Common Stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to or issued in violation of any purchase option, call option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription right or any similar right under any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended, the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws or any agreement to which the Company is a party or is otherwise bound.

(e) There are no obligations, contingent or otherwise, of the Company to (i) repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of Company Common Stock or other capital stock or equity interests of the Company, or (ii) make any investment (in the form of a loan or capital contribution) in any other Entity, other than as set forth in Section 2.2(e) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule.

Section 2.3 Subsidiaries. The Company does not have any direct or indirect Subsidiaries.

Section 2.4 Authority, No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents.

(a) The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement, perform its obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement by the Company have been

 

4


duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms.

(b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company does not, and the consummation by the Company or the Stockholders of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall not (i) conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, any provision of the Organizational Documents of the Company, (ii) conflict with, or result in any violation or breach of, or constitute (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) a default (or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation or loss of any material benefit) under, require a consent or waiver under, constitute a change in control under, require the payment of a penalty under or result in the imposition of any Lien on the Company’s assets under, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease, license, contract or other agreement, instrument or obligation to which the Company is a party or by which it or any of its properties or assets may be bound, or (iii) subject to compliance with the requirements specified in Section 2.4(c), conflict with or violate any permit, concession, franchise, license, judgment, injunction, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its properties or assets. Section 2.4(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule lists all consents, waivers and approvals under any of the Company’s agreements, licenses or leases required to be obtained in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(c) No consent, approval, license, permit, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration, notice or filing with, any Governmental Body is required by or with respect to the Company: (i) in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company or the Stockholders or the consummation by the Company and the Stockholders of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or (ii) necessary for the Company to operate its business immediately after the Closing in the same manner as operated immediately before the Closing after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 2.5 Company Financial Statements; Undisclosed Liabilities.

(a) Section 2.5(a) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule includes true, correct and complete copies of the following financial statements (collectively, the “Company Financial Statements”):

(i) The unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2008 (the “Unaudited Balance Sheet”), and the related unaudited consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flow for the period then ended; and

(ii) the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of September 30, 2009 (the “Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet”) and the related unaudited consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flow for the nine months then ended.

 

5


(b) Each Company Financial Statement: (i) is complete in all respects and has been prepared in conformity with (A) the books and records of the Company, and (B) GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby; and (ii) fairly presents, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of such dates and the consolidated results of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company for the periods then ended, except that the Company Financial Statements relating to non-year end periods (x) are subject to normal recurring year-end audit adjustments, none of which would individually or in the aggregate be material, and (y) do not contain all footnotes thereto which may be required in accordance with GAAP. No financial statement of any Person (other than the Company) is required by GAAP to be included in the Company Financial Statements.

(c) The books and records of the Company (i) reflect all items of income and expense and all assets and liabilities required to be reflected in the Company Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP, and (ii) are complete and correct in all material respects. The Company maintains proper and adequate internal accounting controls which provide assurance that (x) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization, (y) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP, and (z) accounts, notes and other receivables and inventory are recorded accurately, and proper and adequate procedures are implemented to effect the collection thereof on a current and timely basis.

Section 2.6 No Undisclosed Liabilities; Indebtedness.

(a) The Company does not have any obligations or liabilities (whether or not accrued, contingent or otherwise, and whether or not required to be reflected in financial statements in accordance with GAAP), except for: (i) liabilities disclosed in the financial statements contained in the Company Financial Statements; (ii) liabilities incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business since the date of the Unaudited Balance Sheet; (iii) liabilities in respect of the Company’s transaction expenses with respect to the items set forth in Section 2.20(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule; and (iv) liabilities that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect.

(b) Section 2.6(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of all loan or credit agreements, notes, bonds, mortgages, indentures and other agreements and instruments pursuant to which any indebtedness for borrowed money of the Company is outstanding or may be incurred and the respective principal amounts outstanding thereunder as of the date of this Agreement. For purposes of this Section 2.6(b), “indebtedness” means, with respect to any person, without duplication, (i) all obligations of such person for borrowed money, or with respect to deposits or advances of any kind to such person, (ii) all obligations of such person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (iii) all obligations of such person upon which interest charges are customarily paid, (iv) all obligations of such person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property purchased by such person, (v) all obligations of such person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding obligations of such person or creditors for raw materials, inventory, services and supplies incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business),

 

6


(vi) all capitalized lease obligations of such person, (vii) all obligations of others secured by any lien on property or assets owned or acquired by such person, whether or not the obligations secured thereby have been assumed, (viii) all obligations of such person under interest rate or currency hedging transactions (valued at the termination value thereof), (xi) all letters of credit issued for the account of such person, and (x) all guarantees and arrangements having the economic effect of a guarantee by such person of any indebtedness of any other person. All of the outstanding indebtedness of the type described in this Section 2.6(b) of the Company may be prepaid by the Company at any time without the consent or approval of, or prior notice to, any other person, and without payment of any premium or penalty.

Section 2.7 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Except as set forth on Section 2.7 of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, since the date of the Unaudited Balance Sheet, the Company has conducted its business only in the Ordinary Course of Business and, since such date, there has not been (i) any Change that has had, or would reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect; or (ii) any other action or event that would have required the consent of the Purchaser pursuant to Section 5.2(b) of this Agreement had such action or event occurred after the date of this Agreement.

Section 2.8 Taxes.

(a) The Company has properly filed or caused to be filed on a timely basis all material Tax Returns that it was required to file, and all such Tax Returns were true, correct and complete in all material respects. The Company has paid or caused to be paid on a timely basis all material Taxes that were due and payable by it. The unpaid Taxes of the Company for Tax periods through the date of the Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet do not exceed the accruals and reserves for Taxes (excluding accruals and reserves for deferred Taxes established to reflect timing differences between book and Tax income) set forth on the Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet, and all unpaid Taxes of the Company for all Tax periods commencing after the date of the Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet arose in the Ordinary Course of Business or as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Company does not have any actual or potential liability under Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-6 (or any comparable or similar provision of federal, state, provincial, local or foreign law), as a transferee or successor, pursuant to any contractual obligation, or otherwise for any Taxes of any person other than the Company. All material Taxes that the Company was required by law to withhold or collect have been duly withheld or collected and, to the extent required, have been properly paid to the appropriate Governmental Body.

(b) The Company has made available to the Purchaser complete and accurate copies of all (i) income, franchise, indirect and corporate excise Tax Returns of the Company that have been filed relating to Taxes for all taxable periods for which the period for the assessment or collection of Taxes has not expired under the applicable statute of limitations, and (ii) private letter rulings, revenue agent reports, information document requests, notices of proposed deficiencies, deficiency notices, protests, petitions, notices of assessment, closing agreements, settlement agreements and pending ruling requests submitted by, received by, or agreed to by or on behalf of the Company relating to any material Taxes for all such periods. No

 

7


examination or audit of any Tax Return of the Company by any Governmental Body is currently in progress or, to the Knowledge of the Stockholders, threatened or contemplated and there are no matters under discussion with any Governmental Body relating to Taxes asserted by such Governmental Body. The Company has not been informed by any jurisdiction that the jurisdiction believes that the Company was required to file any Tax Return that was not filed or may be subject to taxation by that jurisdiction. The Company has not agreed to extend or waive the statute of limitations for the assessment or collection of any material Taxes which agreement or waiver remains in effect.

(c) There are no Liens with respect to Taxes upon any of the assets or properties of the Company, other than with respect to Taxes not yet due and payable.

(d) The Company has not distributed to its stockholders or security holders stock or securities of a controlled corporation, nor has stock or securities of the Company been distributed, in a transaction to which Section 355 of the Code applies (i) in the two years prior to the date of this Agreement, or (ii) in a distribution that could otherwise constitute part of a “plan” or “series of related transactions” (within the meaning of Section 355(e) of the Code) that includes the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(e) The Company is not a party to a gain recognition agreement under Section 367 of the Code.

Section 2.9 Owned and Leased Real Properties.

(a) The Company does not own and has never owned any real property.

(b) Section 2.9(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of all real property leased, subleased or licensed by the Company (collectively “Company Leases”) and the location of the premises. Neither the Company, nor, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, any other party to any Company Lease, is in default under any of the Company Leases. Each of the Company Leases is in full force and effect and is enforceable against the Company, and, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, against each other party thereto, in accordance with its terms and shall not cease to be in full force and effect as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. The Company has made available to the Purchaser complete and accurate copies of all Company Leases.

Section 2.10 Intellectual Property.

(a) Section 2.10(a) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule lists all Company Registrations, in each case enumerating specifically the applicable filing or registration number, title, jurisdiction in which filing was made or from which registration issued, date of filing or issuance, names of all current applicant(s) and registered owners(s), as applicable. All assignments of Company Registrations to the Company have been properly executed and recorded, other than any failure to properly execute and record such assignments that is not material to the Company. Except as set forth in Section 2.10(a) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, to the Knowledge of the Stockholders, all issued Company Registrations are valid and

 

8


enforceable, all pending patent applications included in the Company Registrations if issued would be valid and enforceable, and all issuance, renewal, maintenance and other payments that are or have become due with respect thereto have been timely paid by or on behalf of the Company.

(b) There are no inventorship challenges, opposition or nullity proceedings or interferences declared or commenced or, to the Knowledge of the Stockholders, threatened, and the Stockholders have no Knowledge of any material fact that is reasonably likely to result in an inventorship challenge, opposition or nullity proceeding or interference, with respect to any Patent Rights included in the Company Registrations. The Company has complied with its duty of candor and disclosure to the United States Patent and Trademark Office and any relevant foreign patent office with respect to all patent and trademark applications filed by or on behalf of the Company and has made no material misrepresentation in such applications.

(c) The Company is the sole and exclusive owner of all Company Owned Intellectual Property, free and clear of any Liens and all joint owners of the Company Owned Intellectual Property are listed in Section 2.10(c) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule. To the Stockholder’s Knowledge, the Company Licensed Intellectual Property constitutes all Intellectual Property necessary to conduct the Company’s business in the manner currently conducted and contemplated as of the date of this Agreement to be conducted in the future by the Company, other than any Intellectual Property the failure of which to be included in the Company Intellectual Property has not been, and would not reasonably be expected to be, material to the Company. To the Stockholders’ Knowledge, the Company Intellectual Property includes Patent Rights which contain claims that are directed to the product candidates that are currently being developed by or on behalf of the Company (the “Product Candidates”).

(d) The Company has taken reasonable measures to protect the proprietary nature of each item of Company Intellectual Property, and to maintain in confidence all trade secrets and confidential information comprising a part thereof. The Company has complied with all applicable contractual and legal requirements pertaining to information privacy and security, except for failures to comply that are not material to the Company. No complaint relating to an improper use or disclosure of, or a breach in the security of, any such information has been made or, to the Knowledge of the Stockholders, threatened against the Company. To the Knowledge of the Stockholders, there has been no: (i) unauthorized disclosure of any third-party proprietary or confidential information in the possession, custody or control of the Company, or (ii) breach of any of the Company’s security procedures wherein confidential information has been disclosed to a third person.

(e) The conduct of the business of the Company, as it is currently conducted and as it is currently contemplated to be conducted, does not, in any material respect, infringe, violate or constitute a misappropriation of any Intellectual Property of any third-party. The Company has not received any complaint, claim or notice (i) alleging any such infringement, violation or misappropriation, or (ii) advising that such person is challenging or threatening to challenge the ownership, use, legality, validity or enforceability of any Company Intellectual Property. To the Stockholder’s Knowledge, none of the manufacturing for commercial sale,

 

9


marketing or sale of any Product Candidate would infringe, violate or constitute a misappropriation of any Intellectual Property of any third-party.

(f) To the Knowledge of the Stockholders, no person (including any current or former employee or consultant of the Company) or entity is infringing, violating or misappropriating any of the Company Intellectual Property. The Company has made available to the Purchaser complete and accurate copies of all correspondence, analyses, legal opinions, complaints, claims, notices or threats concerning the infringement, violation or misappropriation of any Company Intellectual Property, other than any correspondence, analyses or legal opinions under which the Company would reasonably be expected to lose its attorney-client privilege if such materials were made available to the Purchaser (and provided, in the case of any such correspondence, analyses or legal opinions provided following the date of this Agreement, such privilege cannot be reasonably sufficiently protected using a joint defense or other similar agreement).

(g) Section 2.10(g) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule identifies each material license, covenant or other agreement pursuant to which the Company has assigned, transferred, licensed, distributed or otherwise granted any right to any person, or covenanted not to assert any right, with respect to any past, existing or future Company Intellectual Property. Except as described in Section 2.10(g) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, the Company has not agreed to indemnify any person against any infringement, violation or misappropriation of any Intellectual Property rights with respect to any of the Product Candidates or any third-party Intellectual Property rights. The Company is not a member of or party to any patent pool, industry standards body, trade association or other organization pursuant to the rules of which it is obligated to license any existing or future Intellectual Property to any person.

(h) Section 2.10(h) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule identifies (i) each item of Company Licensed Intellectual Property and the license or agreement pursuant to which the Company Exploits it (excluding currently-available, off the shelf software programs that are licensed by the Company pursuant to “shrink wrap” licenses, the total fees associated with which are less than Five Thousand Dollars (US $5,000)), and (ii) each agreement, assignment or other instrument pursuant to which the Company has obtained any joint or sole ownership interest in or to each item of Company Owned Intellectual Property. No third-party inventions, methods, services, materials or processes are included in or required to Exploit any of the Product Candidates, except as specifically set forth in Section 2.10(h) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule.

(i) Each employee of the Company and each independent contractor of or consultant to the Company has executed a valid and binding written agreement expressly assigning to the Company all right, title and interest in any inventions and works of authorship, whether or not patentable, invented, created, developed, conceived and/or reduced to practice during the term of such employee’s employment or such independent contractor’s work for the Company, and all Intellectual Property rights therein, and has waived all moral rights therein to the extent legally permissible.

 

10


(j) The Company has not sought, applied for or received any support, funding, resources or assistance from any federal, state, provincial, local or foreign governmental or quasi-governmental agency or funding source in connection with the Exploitation of any of the Product Candidates or any facilities or equipment used in connection therewith.

(k) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the Stockholders, the consummation by the Company or the Stockholders of the transactions contemplated hereby and the Company continuing to operate its business immediately after the Closing in the same manner as operated immediately prior to the Closing after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not result in the breach of, or create on behalf of any third-party the right to terminate or modify, (i) any license, sublicense or other agreement relating to any Company Intellectual Property, or (ii) any license, sublicense and other agreement as to which the Company is a party and pursuant to which the Company is authorized to use any third-party Intellectual Property that is useful to the business of the Company, as it is currently conducted and as it is contemplated as of the date of this Agreement to be conducted, excluding currently-available, off the shelf software programs.

Section 2.11 Agreements; Government Contracts.

(a) Section 2.11(a) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of each agreement to which the Company is a party or bound (collectively, the “Company Agreements”). Complete and accurate copies of all of the agreements listed in Section 2.11(a) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule have heretofore been made available to the Purchaser. Each Company Agreement is in full force and effect and is enforceable in accordance with its terms against the Company, and, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, against each other party thereto. Neither the Company nor, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, any other party to any Company Agreement is in violation of or in default under (nor does there exist any condition which, upon the passage of time or the giving of notice or both, would cause such a violation of or default under) any loan or credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease, permit, concession, franchise, license or other contract, arrangement or understanding to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties or assets is bound, except for violations or defaults that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect.

(b) Except as set forth in Section 2.11(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, there is no non-competition or other similar agreement, judgment, injunction or order to which the Company is a party or is subject that has or would reasonably be expected to result in the effect of prohibiting or impairing the conduct of the business of the Company as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted. Except as set forth on Section 2.11(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, the Company has not entered into (or is otherwise bound by) any agreement under which it is now, or following the Closing the Purchaser or any of the Purchaser’s Affiliates (including the Company) would be, restricted from selling, licensing or otherwise distributing any of their respective technology, products or Product Candidates, or providing services to, customers or potential customers or any class of customers, in any geographic area, during any period of time or any segment of the market or line of business.

 

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(c) Except as set forth on Section 2.11(c) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, the Company is not a party to any agreement under which a third-party would be entitled to receive a license or any other right to Intellectual Property of the Purchaser or any of the Purchaser’s Affiliates following the Closing.

(d) The Company is not nor has it been suspended or debarred from bidding on contracts or subcontracts with any Governmental Body; no such suspension or debarment has been initiated or, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, threatened; and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in any such suspension or debarment that would be applicable to the Company or through the Company to the Purchaser or its Affiliates (including the Company). The Company has not since inception been audited or investigated and is not now being audited or, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, investigated by the U.S. Government Accounting Office, the U.S. Department of Defense or any of its agencies, the Defense Contract Audit Agency, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Inspector General of any U.S. Governmental Body, any similar agencies or instrumentalities of any foreign Governmental Body, or any prime contractor with a Governmental Body nor, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, has any such audit or investigation been threatened. To the Stockholders’ Knowledge, there is no valid basis for (i) the suspension or debarment of the Company from bidding on contracts or subcontracts with any Governmental Body, or (ii) any claim pursuant to an audit or investigation by any of the entities named in the foregoing sentence that, individually or in the aggregate, have had, or would reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect. The Company does not have any agreements which require it to obtain or maintain a security clearance with any Governmental Body.

Section 2.12 Litigation. There is no action, suit, proceeding, claim, arbitration or investigation pending or, to the Knowledge of the Stockholders, threatened against the Company. There are no judgments, orders or decrees outstanding against the Company that, individually or in the aggregate, are material to the Company. No claims have been asserted or, to the Knowledge of the Stockholders, threatened against the Company relating to services, products or product candidates developed, tested, manufactured, marketed, distributed or sold by or on behalf of the Company.

Section 2.13 Environmental Matters.

(a) Except for such matters that have not had, and would not reasonably be expected to result in, a Company Material Adverse Effect:

(i) the Company has at all times complied with, and is not currently in violation of, any applicable Environmental Laws;

(ii) the Company has all permits, licenses and approvals required under Environmental Laws to operate and conduct its business as currently operated and conducted;

 

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(iii) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, the Company is not subject to liability for a Release of any Hazardous Substance or Contamination on the property of any third-party;

(iv) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, there is no Contamination of or at the properties currently owned, leased or operated by the Company (including soils, groundwater, surface water, buildings or other structures);

(v) the Company has not Released any Hazardous Substance into the environment;

(vi) the Company has not received any notice, demand, letter, claim or request for information, nor is the Company aware of any pending or threatened notice, demand, letter, claim or request for information, alleging that the Company may be in violation of, liable under or have obligations under any Environmental Law;

(vii) the Company is not subject to any orders, decrees, injunctions or other arrangements with any Governmental Body or is subject to any indemnity or other agreement with any third-party relating to liability or obligation under any Environmental Law or relating to Hazardous Substances;

(viii) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, there are no circumstances or conditions involving the Company that would reasonably be expected to result in any claims, liability, obligations, investigations, costs or restrictions on the ownership, use or transfer of any property of the Company pursuant to any Environmental Law;

(ix) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, none of the properties currently or formerly owned, leased or operated by any of the Company is listed in any list, schedule, log, inventory or record maintained by any federal, state, provincial or local Governmental Body with respect to sites from which there is or has been a Release of any Hazardous Substance or any Contamination;

(x) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge , none of the properties currently or formerly owned, leased or operated by the Company is used, nor was ever used, (A) as a landfill, dump or other disposal, storage, transfer or handling area for Hazardous Substances, excepting, however, for the routine storage and use of Hazardous Substances from time to time in the Ordinary Course of Business, in compliance with Environmental Laws and in compliance with good commercial practice; (B) for industrial, military or manufacturing purposes; or (C) as a gasoline service station or a facility for selling, dispensing, storing, transferring or handling petroleum and/or petroleum products;

(xi) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge , there are no underground or above ground storage tanks (whether or not currently in use), urea-formaldehyde materials, asbestos, asbestos containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or nuclear fuels or wastes, located on or under any of the properties currently or formerly owned, leased or operated by the

 

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Company, and no underground tank previously located on these properties has been removed therefrom; and

(xii) to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, there are no Liens against any of the properties currently owned, leased or operated by the Company arising under any Environmental Law.

(b) Section 2.13(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of all documents (whether in hard copy or electronic form) that contain any environmental, human health and safety, or natural resources reports, investigations and audits relating to premises currently or previously owned or operated by the Company (whether conducted by or on behalf of the Company or a third-party, and whether done at the initiative of the Company or directed by a Governmental Body or other third-party) which were issued or conducted during the past five (5) years and of which the Company has possession or to which the Company has access. A complete and accurate copy of each such document has been made available to the Purchaser.

Section 2.14 Employees and Employee Benefit Plans.

(a) The Company has never had nor currently has any employees.

(b) Except for the 2009 Stock Option Plan, a form of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2.14 (the “Stock Option Plan”), neither the Company nor its respective ERISA Affiliates has ever had nor currently has any Employee Benefit Plans. Except as set forth on Section 2.14(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, all options granted pursuant to the Stock Option Plan have been exercised and the Stock Option Plan has been terminated without any further options outstanding or agreements, whether written or oral, to issue equity securities or similar rights relating to equity securities of the Company. Each of the options or agreements, whether written or oral, to issue equity securities or similar rights relating to equity securities of the Company that is set forth on Section 2.14(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure shall be exercised or terminated on or prior to the Closing Date.

(c) For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (i) “Employee Benefit Plan” means any “employee pension benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA), any “employee welfare benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA), and any other written or oral plan, agreement or arrangement involving compensation or benefits, including insurance coverage, severance benefits, disability benefits, deferred compensation, bonuses, stock options, stock purchase, phantom stock, stock appreciation or other forms of incentive compensation or post-retirement compensation and all unexpired severance agreements, written or otherwise, for the benefit of, or relating to, any current or former employee of the Company; (ii) “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended; and (iii) “ERISA Affiliate” means any entity which is, or at any applicable time was, a member of (1) a controlled group of corporations (as defined in Section 414(b) of the Code), (2) a group of trades or businesses under common control (as defined in Section 414(c) of the Code), or (3) an affiliated service group (as defined under Section 414(m) of the Code or the regulations under Section 414(o) of the Code), any of which

 

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includes or included the Company. Terms defined in this Section 2.14(c) by reference to the meaning given to such term in a provision of ERISA or the Code refer to all plans, agreements or arrangements that fall within such meaning, regardless of whether the plan, agreement or arrangement in question is itself subject to ERISA or the Code.

Section 2.15 Compliance With Laws.

(a) The Company has complied in all material respects with, and is not in violation in any material respect of, any applicable provisions of any statute, law or regulation, including any applicable Healthcare-Related Law, with respect to the conduct of its business or the ownership or operation of its properties or assets, and, without limitation, has implemented written compliance policies and procedures to the extent required by any jurisdiction(s) in which the Company operates. The Company has not received any notice alleging any material violation with respect to any applicable provisions of any statute, law or regulation with respect to the conduct of its business, or the ownership or operation of its properties or assets.

(b) Each of the Product Candidates is being, and at all times has been, developed, tested, manufactured, processed, labeled, stored, transported and distributed, as applicable, in compliance in all material respects with all applicable Healthcare-Related Laws, including those requirements relating to current good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices and good clinical practices.

(c) The Company is not required to have any Registrations from the FDA, EMEA or any other comparable Governmental Body to conduct its business as is currently being conducted.

(d) To the Stockholders’ Knowledge, the pre-clinical and clinical trials (including any post-marketing studies) conducted by or on behalf of the Company were, and if still pending, are, being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all clinical protocols, informed consents and applicable Healthcare-Related Laws, including the good clinical practice and good laboratory practice requirements contained in 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56, 58 and 312, the post-market study and clinical trial requirements set forth in 21 U.S.C. § 355(o), and the clinical trial disclosure requirements set forth in 42 U.S.C. § 282(j). The Company has not been notified by any Governmental Body of any restriction on the pre-clinical or clinical trials conducted or currently being conducted by or on behalf of the Company. To the Stockholders’ Knowledge, the descriptions of, protocols for, and data and other results of, the pre-clinical and clinical trials conducted or currently being conducted by or on behalf of the Company that have been made available to the Purchaser are complete and accurate in all material respects.

(e) The Company is not subject to any obligation arising under an administrative, judicial or regulatory action or has, since inception, received any warning or untitled letter, report of inspection observations (including FDA Form 483s), establishment inspection report, notice of violation, or other document from the FDA or any other Governmental Body relating to the Product Candidates and alleging a lack of compliance by the Company with any Healthcare-Related Law.

 

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(f) The Company is not subject to any investigation that is pending and of which the Company has been notified or, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, which has been threatened, by (i) the FDA, (ii) the Department of Health and Human Services or Department of Justice, or (iii) any comparable Governmental Body, or subject to any determination by a Governmental Body excluding, suspending, debarring or otherwise restricting, or proposing to so restrict the Company from participation in any health care program, whether pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7, 21 U.S.C. § 335a, or other applicable law.

(g) Neither the Company nor, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, any of the Company’s officers, employees, contractors or agents, has committed any act, made any statement or failed to make any statement that would reasonably be expected to provide a basis for the FDA to invoke its policy with respect to “Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities” set forth in 56 Fed. Reg. 46191 (September 10, 1991) and any amendments thereto, or for any other state or foreign governmental authority to invoke substantially similar policies.

(h) Neither the Company nor, to the Stockholders’ Knowledge, any of the Company’s officers, employees, contractors or agents, has been convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct that has resulted, or would reasonably be expected to result, in debarment under 21 U.S.C. § 335a or any similar state or foreign law. The Company has not used, employed, hired or contracted with any clinical investigator who has been disqualified under 21 C.F.R. § 312.70 or who has engaged in any conduct that would reasonably be expected to result in disqualification as a clinical investigator under 21 C.F.R. § 312.70.

(i) The Company has not submitted any claim seeking payment directly or indirectly from any healthcare payment program in connection with any products or Product Candidates.

(j) To the Stockholders’ Knowledge, the Company has not failed to comply in any material respect with any applicable security and privacy standards regarding protected health information under HIPAA, any applicable foreign, federal, state, provincial or local privacy laws, or any contractual requirements relating to the privacy and/or security of individually identifiable health information.

(k) Set forth in Section 2.15(k) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule is a true and complete list of all of the Product Candidates noting, where applicable, (i) the phase as of the date of this Agreement of clinical trial or development each Product Candidate is in, and (ii) those Product Candidates where FDA and/or other regulatory approval including foreign approvals, has been applied for and/or received, and listing the application made and/or the approval or decision thereon obtained. The Company has made available to the Purchaser complete and accurate copies of, without limitation, (I) any investigational new drug applications or new drug applications submitted to the FDA or any other Governmental Body by or on behalf of the Company, including any supplements thereto, (II) all final study results and/or final study reports relating to Product Candidates for studies performed by AP-HP or used to support the current MAA, (III) all correspondence to or from the FDA or other Governmental Bodies in the Company’s possession, including meeting minutes and records of material contacts, (IV) all

 

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documents in the Company’s possession related to inspections by the FDA or other Governmental Bodies, and (V) all information relating to adverse drug experiences obtained or otherwise received by the Company from any source with respect to the Product Candidates.

Section 2.16 Permits. The Company has all permits, licenses and franchises from Governmental Bodies required to conduct its business as now being conducted and that are material to the Company (the “Company Permits”). The Company is in compliance with the terms of the Company Permits. No Company Permit shall cease to be effective as a result of the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 2.17 Named Patient Sales. All named patient sales of the Product made by the Company or any licensee or contractor of the Company prior to the Closing Date have been made in accordance with all applicable law. The Company has provided the Purchaser with a complete and accurate schedule of all named patient and preapproval Product sales made during the period beginning on April 24, 2009 through August 31, 2009.

Section 2.18 Labor Matters. Section 2.18 of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule contains a list of all consultants to the Company, along with the annual compensation payable to such person and the terms of all compensation arrangements, including any payments due to such person as a result of the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the termination of such services. Each current or past consultant of the Company has entered into a confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreement with the Company, a copy or form of which has previously been made available to the Purchaser. All of the agreements referenced in the preceding sentence will continue to be legal, valid, binding and enforceable and in full force and effect immediately following the Closing in accordance with the terms thereof as in effect immediately prior to the Closing, except as such enforceability may be limited by (a) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally, and (b) the availability of injunctive relief and other equitable remedies. The Company is in material compliance with all applicable laws relating to the hiring, employment, and termination of employees.

Section 2.19 Insurance. The Company does not maintain any insurance policies.

Section 2.20 Brokers, Schedule of Fees and Expenses.

(a) No agent, broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other firm or person is or shall be entitled, as a result of any action or agreement of any Stockholder, the Company or any of its Affiliates, to any broker’s, finder’s, financial advisor’s or other similar fee or commission in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

 

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(b) Section 2.20(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of the estimated fees and expenses incurred and to be incurred by the Company in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including the fees and expenses of the Financial Advisor and of the Company’s legal counsel and accountants).

Section 2.21 Title to and Sufficiency of Assets.

(a) The Company has good, valid, transferable and marketable title to, or valid leasehold interests or license interests in, all of its properties and assets, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Permitted Liens.

(b) The property and other assets owned by the Company or used under enforceable Contracts constitute all of the properties and assets (whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible) necessary and sufficient to permit the Company to conduct its business immediately after the Closing in the same manner as operated immediately before the Closing after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 2.22 Inventory. All Product and active pharmaceutical ingredients of the Product (“API”) owned by Seratec SAS and AGEPS (i) has been manufactured in compliance in all material respects with all applicable EU Healthcare-Related Laws, including those requirements relating to current good manufacturing practices, and (ii) is suitable, or with respect to the API, when formulated into Product, will be suitable for sale under the ATU or other named patient or preapproval sales provisions, in each of (i) and (ii) above, where such Product and API are currently intended to be sold for such purposes.

Section 2.23 Bank Accounts; Receivables.

(a) Section 2.23(a) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule provides accurate information with respect to each account maintained by or for the benefit of the Company at any bank or other financial institution including the name of the bank or financial institution, the account number and the balance as of the date hereof (and no changes to such information shall have occurred as of the Closing Date, except for changes in the ordinary course of business and as set forth in Section 2.20(b) of the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule).

(b) The Company has no Receivables.

Section 2.24 Personal Property. The Company has no tangible personal property or assets.

Section 2.25 Product and Service Warranties. The Company has not made any warranty or guaranty with respect to any good or service.

Section 2.26 Certain Payments. Neither the Company, nor any manager, officer, employee, agent, consultant, or other Person has at any time, acting for or on behalf of the Company, directly or indirectly:

 

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(a) used any corporate funds (i) to make any unlawful political contribution or gift or for any other unlawful purpose relating to any political activity, (ii) to make any unlawful payment to any governmental official or employee, including without limitation any payments made in violation of the FCPA, or (iii) to establish or maintain any unlawful or unrecorded fund or account of any nature;

(b) made any false or fictitious entry, or failed to make any entry that should have been made, in any of the books of account or other records of the Company;

(c) made any payoff, influence payment, bribe, rebate, kickback or unlawful payment to any Person;

(d) performed any favor or given any gift which was not deductible for federal income tax purposes;

(e) made any payment (whether or not lawful) to any Person, or provided (whether lawfully or unlawfully) any favor or anything of value (whether in the form of property or services, or in any other form) to any Person, for the purpose of obtaining or paying for (i) favorable treatment in securing business, or (ii) any other special concession; or

(f) agreed, committed, offered or attempted to take any of the actions described in clauses “(a)” through “(e)” above.

Section 2.27 Full Disclosure. Neither of this Agreement nor the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule (i) contains any representation, warranty or information that is false or misleading with respect to any material fact, or (ii) omits to state any material fact necessary in order to make the representations, warranties and information contained herein and therein, in the light of the circumstances under which such representations, warranties and information were or will be made or provided, not false or misleading.

ARTICLE III

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF EACH STOCKHOLDER

Except as set forth on the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule, each Stockholder hereby, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to the Purchaser, as of the Closing Date, as set forth below.

Section 3.1 Organization and Good Standing. Such Stockholder, if not an individual, is duly formed, validly existing and, as applicable, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization.

Section 3.2 Ownership; Title to Shares.

(a) Such Stockholder is the record and beneficial owner of the Shares shown as owned by such Stockholder on Exhibit 1.3. Such Stockholder has good and valid title to the Shares to be sold by such Stockholder hereunder, free and clear of all Liens.

 

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(b) Upon: (i) receipt by such Stockholder of such Stockholder’s portion of the Closing Date Amount pursuant to Section 1.3 (which, for this purpose, shall be deemed to include amounts paid into the Escrow Account, which each Stockholder acknowledges has been paid to and received by such Stockholder prior to its deposit into the Escrow Account), and (ii) transfer of the Shares owned by such Stockholder to the Purchaser in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Purchaser will receive good and valid title to such Shares, free and clear of all Liens.

Section 3.3 Authority and Enforceability. Such Stockholder has full right, power and authority or legal capacity to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized, in the case of Stockholders who are corporations, partnerships or limited liability companies, by all necessary corporate, partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, action on the part of such Stockholder. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by such Stockholder and constitutes the valid and binding obligation of such Stockholder, enforceable against such Stockholder in accordance with its terms.

Section 3.4 No Violations; Consents.

(a) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Stockholder does not, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement by such Stockholder will not, (i) violate the provisions of any of the Organizational Documents of such Stockholder, (ii) violate or constitute a default under any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any statute, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which such Stockholder is a party or by which such Stockholder is bound or to which any of the property or assets of such Stockholder is subject, or (iii) result in any breach or violation of or any statute or any order, rule or regulation of any court or Governmental Body having jurisdiction over such Stockholder or the property of such Stockholder, except for such breaches, defaults or violations that would not have an adverse effect on the ability of such Stockholder to perform its obligations under this Agreement, or (iv) result in the creation of any Lien on such Stockholder’s Shares.

(b) All consents, approvals, licenses, permits, registrations, declarations, notices, authorizations and orders necessary for the execution and delivery by such Stockholder of this Agreement, and for the sale and delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Stockholder hereunder, have been obtained.

(c) There are no options, warrants, equity securities, calls, rights, commitments or agreements of any character to which such Stockholder is a party or by which such Stockholder is bound obligating such Stockholder to exchange, transfer, deliver or sell, or cause to be exchanged, transferred, delivered or sold, the Shares or other equity interests of the Company owned by such Stockholder or any security or rights convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any such Shares or other equity interests. Such Stockholder is not a party to or bound by any agreements or understandings with respect to the voting (including voting trusts

 

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and proxies) or sale or transfer (including agreements imposing transfer restrictions) of any of the Shares other equity interests of the Company owned by such Stockholder.

ARTICLE IV

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER

The Purchaser represents and warrants to the Company and each of the Stockholders, as of the Closing Date, as set forth below.

Section 4.1 Corporate Existence and Power. The Purchaser is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and has all corporate power required to conduct its business as now conducted, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or the ownership or leasing of its properties requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified would not have a material adverse effect on the Purchaser’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Section 4.2 Authorization; Binding Nature of Agreement. The Purchaser has the absolute and unrestricted right, power and authority to perform its obligations under this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance by the Purchaser of this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Purchaser and its board of directors. This Agreement and the Escrow Agreement constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Purchaser enforceable against the Purchaser in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by (a) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting or relating to creditors’ rights generally, and (b) the availability of injunctive relief and other equitable remedies.

Section 4.3 Absence of Restrictions; Required Consents. Neither (1) the execution, delivery or performance by the Purchaser of this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement, nor (2) the consummation of transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement will directly or indirectly (with or without notice or lapse of time):

(a) conflict with or result in a violation of any of the provisions of the Purchaser’s Organizational Documents;

(b) conflict with or result in a violation of, or give any Governmental Body or other Person the right to challenge any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or to exercise any remedy or obtain any relief under, any Law or any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree to which the Purchaser, or any of the assets owned, used or controlled by the Purchaser, is subject;

 

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(c) conflict with or result in a violation of any of the terms or requirements of, or give any Governmental Body the right to revoke, withdraw, suspend, cancel, terminate or modify, any Governmental Authorization that is held by the Purchaser or that otherwise relates to the business of the Purchaser or to any of the assets owned, used or controlled by the Purchaser; or

(d) conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or result in a default under, any provision of any Contract of the Purchaser, or give any Person the right to (i) declare a default or exercise any remedy under any such Contract of the Purchaser, or (ii) modify, terminate, or accelerate any right, liability or obligation of the Purchaser under any such Contract of the Purchaser, or charge any fee, penalty or similar payment to the Purchaser under any such Contract of the Purchaser.

Section 4.4 Financial Statements. The financial statements of the Purchaser included in the Purchaser’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter ended June 30, 2009 (collectively, the “Purchaser Financial Statements”) were prepared in accordance with GAAP (except, with respect to any unaudited financial statements, as permitted by applicable SEC rules or requirements) applied on a consistent basis (except as may be indicated therein or in the notes thereto) and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Purchaser as of the dates thereof and the results of operations and changes in financial position of the Purchaser for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of any unaudited interim financial statements, to normal year-end adjustments).

ARTICLE V

CERTAIN COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS

Section 5.1 Access and Investigation. During the period from the date hereof to the Closing Date (the “Pre-Closing Period”), the Company shall (and the Stockholders shall cause the Company to): (a) provide the Purchaser and the Purchaser’s Representatives with reasonable access to the Company’s Representatives, personnel, properties and assets and to all existing books, records, Tax Returns, work papers and other documents and information relating to the Company; and (b) provide the Purchaser and the Purchaser’s Representatives with copies of such books, records, Tax Returns, work papers and other documents and information and such additional financial, operating and other data and information regarding the Company as the Purchaser may reasonably request.

Section 5.2 Operation of the Company’s Business.

(a) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall (and the Stockholders shall cause the Company to): (i) ensure that the Company conducts its business and operations (A) in the ordinary course and in accordance with past practice, and (B) in compliance with all applicable Laws and the requirements of all Company Contracts and Governmental Authorizations held by the Company; and (ii) use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that

 

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the Company preserves intact its current business organization, keeps available the services of its current officers, directors employees and consultants, except as set forth in Section 8.2(e), and maintains its relations and goodwill with all suppliers, customers, landlords, creditors, licensors, licensees, and other Persons having business relationships with the Company.

(b) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall not, and the Stockholders shall cause the Company to not (without the prior written consent of the Purchaser):

(i)(A) declare, accrue, set aside or pay any dividends on, or make any other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of, any of its capital stock or other equity or voting interests, (B) authorize for issuance or issue and deliver any additional shares of its capital stock or Company Rights, (C) split, combine or reclassify any of its capital stock or other equity or voting interests, or issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of its capital stock or other equity or voting interests, (D) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of capital stock or any other securities of the Company or any Company Rights, (E) take any action that would result in any change of any term (including any conversion price thereof) of any debt security of the Company, or (F) hire or agree to hire any person as an employee, independent contractor, agent or consultant;

(ii) amend or permit the adoption of any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws of the Company, or effect, become a party to or authorize any Acquisition Transaction, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, reverse stock split or similar transaction;

(iii) adopt or enter into any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union Contract;

(iv) adopt a plan of complete or partial liquidation or dissolution or resolutions providing for or authorizing such a liquidation or a dissolution;

(v) form any Subsidiary or acquire any equity interest or other interest in any other Entity;

(vi) make any capital expenditure outside the ordinary course of business or make any single capital expenditure in excess of Five Thousand Dollars (US $5,000); provided, however, that the maximum amount of all capital expenditures made on behalf of the Company during the Pre-Closing Period shall not exceed Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars (US $25,000) in the aggregate;

(vii) except in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, enter into or become bound by, or permit any of the assets owned or used by it to become bound by, any Company Contract, or amend or terminate, or waive any right under any Company Contract, except for (1) termination of consulting agreements as set forth in Section

 

23


8.2(e) and (2) a First Amendment to the License Agreement in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 5.2(b);

(viii) acquire, lease or license any right or other asset from any other Person or sell or otherwise dispose of, or lease, license or encumber, any right or other asset to any other Person (except in each case for assets acquired, leased, licensed, encumbered or disposed of by the Company in the ordinary course of business and not having a value, or not requiring payments to be made or received, in excess of Five Thousand Dollars (US $5,000) individually, or Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars (US $25,000) in the aggregate), or waive or relinquish any claim or right;

(ix) repurchase, prepay or incur any indebtedness or guarantee any indebtedness of another Person, guarantee any debt securities of another Person, enter into any “keep well” or other agreement to maintain any financial statement condition of another Person or enter into any arrangement having the economic effect of any of the foregoing;

(x) grant, create, incur or suffer to exist any Lien on the assets of the Company that did not exist on the date hereof or write down the value of any asset or investment on the books or records of the Company, except for depreciation and amortization in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice;

(xi) make any loans, advances or capital contributions to, or investments in, any other Person;

(xii) increase in any manner the compensation or benefits of, or pay any bonus to, any employee, officer, director, consultant or independent contractor of the Company; provided, [****];

(xiii) except as required to comply with applicable Laws, (A) pay to any employee, officer, director, consultant or independent contractor of the Company any benefit not provided for under any Contract or Employee Benefit Plan in effect on the date hereof, (B) grant any awards under any Employee Benefit Plan, (C) take any action to fund or in any other way secure the payment of compensation or benefits under any Contract or Employee Benefit Plan, (D) take any action to accelerate the vesting or payment of any compensation or benefit under any Contract or Employee Benefit Plan, or (E) adopt, enter into or amend any Employee Benefit Plan except as required by applicable Laws;

(xiv) hire any new employee, consultant or independent contractor;

(xv) change its fiscal year, revalue any of its material assets or make any changes in financial or tax accounting methods, principles or practices;

(xvi) settle or compromise any Legal Proceedings related to or in connection with the Company’s business;

(xvii)(A) dispose of or permit to lapse any ownership and/or right to the use of, or fail to protect, defend and maintain the ownership, validity and registration of, the

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

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Company Intellectual Property, or (B) dispose of or disclose to any Person, any Confidential Information;

(xviii) take or omit to take any action that could, or is reasonably likely to, (A) result in any of its representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement or any certificate delivered in connection with the Closing being or becoming untrue at any time at or prior to the Closing Date, (B) result in any of the conditions to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby not being satisfied, (C) breach any provisions of this Agreement, or (D) cause the Company to be unable to operate its business immediately after the Closing in the same manner as operated immediately before the Closing after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby; or

(xix) authorize, agree, commit or enter into any Contract to take any of the actions described in clauses “(i)” through “(xviii)” of this Section 5.2(b).

Section 5.3 Stockholder Covenants. No Stockholder shall take any action at any time during the Pre-Closing Period that will cause such Stockholder not to have good and valid title to the Shares to be sold by such Stockholder hereunder, free and clear of all Liens.

Section 5.4 Notification.

(a) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company and the Stockholders shall promptly notify the Purchaser in writing of:

(i) the discovery by the Company or any Stockholder of any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurred or existed on or prior to the date hereof and that caused or constitutes an inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company or the Stockholders in this Agreement;

(ii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurs, arises or exists after the date hereof and that would cause or constitute an inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company or any Stockholder in this Agreement if (i) such representation or warranty had been made as of the time of the occurrence, existence or discovery of such event, condition, fact or circumstance, or (ii) such event, condition, fact or circumstance had occurred, arisen or existed on or prior to the date hereof;

(iii) any breach of any covenant or obligation of the Company or any Stockholder;

(iv) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that has made or could reasonably be expected to make the timely satisfaction of any condition set forth in Articles VI or VII impossible or unlikely or that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect; and

(v)(i) any notice or other communication from any Person alleging that the consent or approval of such Person is or may be required in connection with the transactions

 

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contemplated by this Agreement, and (ii) any Legal Proceeding or material claim threatened, commenced or asserted against or with respect to the Company or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(b) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Purchaser shall promptly notify the Company and the Stockholder Representative in writing of:

(i) the discovery by the Purchaser of any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurred or existed on or prior to the date hereof and that caused or constitutes an inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Purchaser in this Agreement;

(ii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurs, arises or exists after the date hereof and that would cause or constitute an inaccuracy in or breach of any representation or warranty made by the Purchaser in this Agreement if (i) such representation or warranty had been made as of the time of the occurrence, existence or discovery of such event, condition, fact or circumstance, or (ii) such event, condition, fact or circumstance had occurred, arisen or existed on or prior to the date hereof;

(iii) any breach of any covenant or obligation of the Purchaser;

(iv) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that has made or could reasonably be expected to make the timely satisfaction of any condition set forth in Articles VI or VII impossible or unlikely or that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Purchaser’s business, financial condition or results of operations; and

(v)(i) any notice or other communication from any Person alleging that the consent or approval of such Person is or may be required in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (ii) any Legal Proceeding or material claim threatened, commenced or asserted against or with respect to the Company or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

No notification given to a party pursuant to this Section 5.4 shall limit or otherwise affect any of the representations, warranties, covenants, obligations or rights of any party hereto contained in this Agreement.

Section 5.5 No Negotiation.

(a) Until the earlier of the Closing or the termination of this Agreement pursuant to Article IX, neither the Company nor any of the Stockholders shall directly or indirectly, (i) solicit, initiate, encourage, induce or facilitate the making, submission or announcement of any proposal relating to an Acquisition Transaction (an “Acquisition Proposal”) or take any action that could reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal, (ii) furnish any information regarding the Company to any Person in connection with or in response to an Acquisition Proposal or an inquiry or indication of interest that could reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal, (iii) engage in discussions or negotiations with any Person with respect to a potential Acquisition Transaction or an

 

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Acquisition Proposal, (iv) approve, endorse or recommend any Acquisition Proposal, or (v) enter into any letter of intent or similar document or any Contract contemplating or otherwise relating to any Acquisition Transaction. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company and the Stockholders acknowledge and agree that any violation of or the taking of any action inconsistent with any of the restrictions set forth in the preceding sentence by any Representative of the Company, whether or not such Representative is purporting to act on behalf of the Company, shall be deemed to constitute a breach of this Section 5.5 by the Company.

(b) The Company and the Stockholders shall promptly (and in no event later than twenty-four (24) hours after receipt of any Acquisition Proposal, any inquiry or indication of interest that could lead to an Acquisition Proposal or any request for nonpublic information) advise the Purchaser orally and in writing of any Acquisition Proposal, any inquiry or indication of interest that could lead to an Acquisition Proposal or any request for nonpublic information relating to the Company (including the identity of the Person making or submitting such Acquisition Proposal, inquiry, indication of interest or request, and the terms thereof) that is made or submitted by any Person during the Pre-Closing Period. The Company and the Stockholders shall keep the Purchaser fully informed with respect to the status of any such Acquisition Proposal, inquiry, indication of interest or request and any modification or proposed modification thereto.

(c) The Company and the Stockholders shall, and shall cause each of their Representatives to, immediately cease and cause to be terminated any existing discussions with any Person (other than the Purchaser) that relate to any Acquisition Proposal.

Section 5.6 Regulatory Filings. During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company shall not make any material filings or submissions to the FDA, EMEA or any comparable Governmental Body without the Purchaser’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company shall provide the Purchaser with any proposed filing or submission and provide the Purchaser with a reasonable opportunity to review and comment on such proposed filing or submission.

Section 5.7 Related Party Transactions. The Company shall, prior to the Closing, cause to be paid to the Company all amounts owed to the Company by any Stockholder or any Related Party. At and as of the Closing Date, any debts of the Company owed to any of the Stockholders or to any Related Party shall be canceled, except those obligations owed to any such Stockholder or Related Party in respect of his or her employment with the Company.

Section 5.8 Public Announcements; No Disparagement.

(a) During the Pre-Closing Period, the Company and the Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Purchaser, on the other, shall not (and each party shall not permit any of its Representatives to) issue any press release or make any public statement regarding this Agreement, or regarding any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, without the other party’s prior written consent; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be deemed to

 

27


prohibit any party from making any public disclosure that such party deems necessary or appropriate under applicable Law; provided, further, that without the prior written consent of the other party, no party shall at any time disclose to any Person the fact that this Agreement has been entered into or any of the terms of this Agreement other than to such party’s advisors who such party reasonably determines needs to know such information for the purpose of advising such party, it being understood that such advisor will be informed of the confidential nature of this Agreement and the terms of this Agreement and will be directed to treat such information as confidential in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

(b) Each party agrees that it has not and will not denigrate, defame, disparage or cast aspersions upon any other party hereto or such other party’s products, services, business or manner of doing business to any third party, including, without limitation, to stockholders, competitors, collaborators and potential collaborators, customers and potential customers.

Section 5.9 Reasonable Efforts; Further Assurances; Cooperation. Subject to the other provisions hereof, each party shall use its reasonable, good faith efforts to perform its obligations hereunder and to take, or cause to be taken, and do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable under applicable Law to cause the transactions contemplated herein to be effected as soon as practicable, but in any event on or prior to the Expiration Date, in accordance with the terms hereof and shall cooperate fully with each other party and its Representatives in connection with any step required to be taken as a part of its obligations hereunder.

Section 5.10 Tax Matters.

(a) Tax Periods Ending on or Before the Closing Date. The Purchaser shall prepare or cause to be prepared and timely file or cause to be timely filed all Tax Returns for the Company for all Tax periods ending on or prior to the Closing Date that are filed after the Closing Date (“Pre-Closing Tax Periods”).

(b) Tax Periods Beginning Before and Ending After the Closing Date. The Purchaser shall prepare or cause to be prepared and timely file or cause to be timely filed any Tax Returns of the Company for Tax periods that begin before the Closing Date and end after the Closing Date (“Straddle Tax Periods”).

(c) Payment of Taxes. The Stockholders shall be responsible for and shall indemnify the Purchaser from and against, any Tax with respect to the Company that is attributable to a Pre-Closing Tax Period or to that portion of Straddle Tax Period that ends on the Closing Date, in each case to the extent that such Tax exceeds the amount (if any) reflected as a current liability for such Tax in the Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet. Within five (5) days prior to the due date for the payment of any such Tax, if the amount of such Tax for which the Stockholders are responsible pursuant to this Section 5.10 exceeds the amount reflected as a current liability for such Tax in the Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet, the Stockholders shall pay to the Purchaser an amount equal to such excess. For purposes of this Section 5.10, in the case of any Taxes that are imposed on a periodic basis and are payable for a Straddle Tax Period, the

 

28


portion of such Tax that relates to the portion of such Taxable period ending on the Closing Date shall (i) in the case of any Taxes other than Taxes based upon or related to income or receipts, be deemed to be the amount of such Tax for the entire Tax period multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of days in the Tax period ending on the Closing Date and the denominator of which is the number of days in the entire Tax period, and (ii) in the case of any Tax based upon or related to income or receipts be deemed equal to the amount that would be payable if the relevant Tax period ended on the Closing Date.

(d) Cooperation on Tax Matters. The Purchaser, the Company and the Stockholders shall cooperate as and to the extent reasonably requested by the other party, in connection with the filing of Tax Returns pursuant to this Section 5.10 and any audit, litigation or other proceeding with respect to Taxes. Such cooperation shall include the retention and (upon the other party’s request) the provision of records and information that are reasonably relevant to any such audit, litigation or other proceeding and making employees available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any material provided hereunder.

(e) Transfer Taxes. Any Taxes or recording fees payable as a result of the purchase and sale of the Shares or any other action contemplated hereby (other than any federal, state, local or foreign Taxes measured by or based upon income or gains imposed upon the Purchaser) shall be allocated among and paid in equal amounts by the Stockholders and the Purchaser. The parties shall cooperate in the preparation, execution and filing of all returns, questionnaires, applications and other documents regarding Taxes and all transfer, recording, registration and other fees that become payable in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby that are required or permitted to be filed at or prior to the Closing.

(f) Stockholder Review. To the extent any tax shown as due on any Tax Return could reasonably be expected to be payable by Stockholders (taking into account the indemnification obligations hereunder), (a) such Tax Return shall be provided to Stockholder Representative at least thirty (3)) days prior to the filing deadline (or, if required to be filed within thirty (30) days of the Closing, as soon as possible following the Closing), (b) the Stockholder Representative shall have the right to review and comment on such Tax Return and (c) the Purchaser shall make such revisions to such Tax Return as are reasonably requested by Stockholder Representative.

Section 5.11 Non-Competition.

(a) Confidential Information. The Company and each Stockholder shall hold in confidence at all times following the Closing all Confidential Information and shall not disclose, publish or make use of Confidential Information at any time following the Closing without the prior written consent of the Purchaser.

(b) Noncompetition.

[****]

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

29


[****]

(c) Nonsolicitation. For three years from the Closing Date, no Stockholder shall in any manner, directly, indirectly, individually, in partnership, jointly or in conjunction with any Person: (i) (A) recruit or solicit or attempt to recruit or solicit, on any of their behalves or on behalf of any other Person, any employee of the Purchaser or an Affiliate thereof, (B) encourage any Person (other than the Purchaser or one of its Affiliates) to recruit or solicit any such employee, or (C) otherwise encourage any employee of the Purchaser or an Affiliate thereof to discontinue his or her employment by the Purchaser or one of its Affiliates; (ii) solicit any customer of the Company or an Affiliate thereof who is or has been a customer on or prior to the Closing Date for the purpose of providing, distributing or selling products or services similar to those sold or provided by the Company; or (iii) persuade or attempt to persuade any customer or supplier of the Company (or any of its Affiliates) to terminate or modify such customer’s or supplier’s relationship with the Company (or any of its Affiliates).

(d) Severability. In the event a judicial or arbitral determination is made that any provision of this Section 5.11 constitutes an unreasonable or otherwise unenforceable restriction against the Stockholders, the provisions of this Section 5.11 shall be rendered void only to the extent that such judicial or arbitral determination finds such provisions to be unreasonable or otherwise unenforceable with respect to the Stockholders. In this regard, any judicial authority construing this Agreement shall be empowered to narrow the application of the non-compete to a smaller territory than the entire world, or sever any prohibited business activity or any time period from the coverage of this Section 5.11 and to apply the provisions of this Section 5.11 to the remaining portion of the territory in which the Stockholders are restricted from competing, the remaining business activities and the remaining time period not so severed by such judicial or arbitral authority. Moreover, notwithstanding the fact that any provision of this Section 5.11 is determined not to be specifically enforceable, the Purchaser shall nevertheless be entitled to recover monetary damages as a result of the breach of such provision by any Stockholder. The time period during which the prohibitions set forth in this Section 5.11 shall apply shall be tolled and suspended for a period equal to the aggregate time during which a Stockholder violates such prohibitions in any respect.

(e) Injunctive Relief. Any remedy at law for any breach of the provisions contained in this Section 5.11 shall be inadequate and the Purchaser shall be entitled to injunctive relief in addition to any other remedy the Purchaser might have hereunder.

Section 5.12 Cooperation with Financial Reporting. The Stockholders, including John Liatos, the Chief Financial Officer of the Stockholder Representative, shall cooperate to the extent reasonably requested by the Purchaser after the Closing, in connection with the preparation and auditing of financials for the Company. The Stockholders shall provide all of the financial records and supporting documentation of the Company within 10 days following the Closing and shall make employees available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information and explanation of any information provided hereunder.

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

30


Section 5.13 Development and Commercialization Following Closing. [****].

Section 5.14 Release. In consideration for the Purchase Price, as of and following the Closing Date, each Stockholder knowingly, voluntarily and unconditionally releases, forever discharges, and covenants not to sue the Company (but not the Purchaser or its Affiliates) from or for any and all claims, causes of action, demands, suits, debts, obligations, liabilities, damages, losses, costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) of every kind or nature whatsoever, known or unknown, actual or potential, suspected or unsuspected, fixed or contingent, that such Stockholder has or may have, now or in the future, arising out of, relating to, or resulting from any act or omission, error, negligence, breach of contract, tort, violation of law, matter or cause whatsoever, including without limitation, any claim relating to employment or working as a consultant or independent contractor or being a Stockholder, officer, director, supplier or other contractual party with the Company from the beginning of time to the Closing Date.

Section 5.15 Financial Statements. GAAP financial statements for the Company, including balance sheet, income statement and cash flows, as of the Closing Date shall be delivered to the Purchaser by the Stockholders no later than November 30, 2009.

Section 5.16 Purchase Price Escrow. At or prior to Closing, (i) the Purchaser, the Stockholder Representative and U.S. Bank National Association (the “Escrow Agent”) shall enter into an Escrow Agreement in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 5.16 (the “Escrow Agreement”) subject to any changes requested by Escrow Agent and approved by the Purchaser and Stockholder Representative such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, and (ii) the Purchaser shall deposit with the Escrow Agent the Escrow Amount. The Escrow Agent shall hold the Escrow Amount and shall disburse the same in accordance with the terms of the Escrow Agreement.

ARTICLE VI

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE PURCHASER

The obligations of the Purchaser to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver by the Purchaser), at or prior to the Closing, of each of the following conditions:

Section 6.1 Accuracy of Representations. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company and the Stockholders contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct on the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of a specific date, in which case the accuracy of such representation and warranty shall be determined as of such date), except, in each case or in the aggregate (other than with respect to the

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

31


representations and warranties of contained in Sections 2.1 (Organization; Standing and Power), 2.2 (Capitalization), 2.3 (Subsidiaries), 2.4 (Authority; No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents), 2.12 (Litigation), 2.14 (Employees and Employee Benefit Plans), 2.18 (Labor Matters), 2.21(a) (Title), 3.1 (Organization and Good Standing), 3.2 (Ownership; Title to Shares), 3.3 (Authority and Enforceability), 3.4 (No Violations; Consents), which shall be true and correct in all respects), as does not constitute a Company Material Adverse Effect at the Closing (it being understood that, for purposes of determining the accuracy of such representations and warranties, all “Company Material Adverse Effect” qualifications and other qualifications based on the word “material” contained in such representations and warranties shall be disregarded).

Section 6.2 Performance of Covenants. Each of the covenants and obligations set forth herein that the Company and each of the Stockholders is required to comply with or perform at or prior to the Closing shall have been complied with or performed in all material respects.

Section 6.3 Stockholder Compliance Certificate. The Stockholders shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Purchaser a certificate executed by the Stockholders and the president of the Company as to compliance with the conditions set forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 (the “Stockholder Compliance Certificate”);

Section 6.4 Ancillary Agreements and Deliveries. The Stockholders shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Purchaser the documents listed in Section 8.2, each of which shall be in full force and effect.

Section 6.5 No Material Adverse Effect. There shall not have occurred a Company Material Adverse Effect, and no event shall have occurred or circumstance exist that, in combination with any other events or circumstances, could reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.

Section 6.6 No Restraints. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other Order preventing the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been issued by any Governmental Body, and there shall not be any Law enacted or deemed applicable that makes the Closing illegal.

Section 6.7 No Litigation. There shall not be pending or threatened any Legal Proceeding by or before any Governmental Body against the Purchaser, a Stockholder or the Company (a) seeking to restrain or prohibit the Purchaser’s direct or indirect ownership or operation of all or a significant portion of the business and assets of the Company, or to compel the Purchaser or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates to dispose of or hold separate any significant portion of the business or assets of the Company, (b) seeking to restrain or prohibit or make materially more costly the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this

 

32


Agreement, or seeking to obtain from the Purchaser or the Company any damages in excess of Twenty-Five Thousand Dollars (US $25,000), (c) seeking to impose limitations on the ability of the Purchaser to acquire or hold, or exercise full rights of ownership of the Shares, or (d) which otherwise could reasonably be expected to have a Company Material Adverse Effect.

Section 6.8 Receipt of Positive Opinion. The EMEA Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use shall have issued a positive opinion recommending the granting of an MAA for the Product for the treatment of LEMS or any subset thereof.

ARTICLE VII

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY AND THE

STOCKHOLDERS

The obligations of the Company and the Stockholders to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the satisfaction (or written waiver by the Stockholders holding a majority in interest in the Company), at or prior to the Closing, of the following conditions:

Section 7.1 Accuracy of Representations. Each of the representations and warranties of the Purchaser contained in this Agreement shall be true and correct in all respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date with the same effect as though made as of the Closing Date (except to the extent that any such representation and warranty expressly speaks as of a specific date, in which case the accuracy of such representation and warranty shall be determined as of such date).

Section 7.2 Performance of Covenants. Each of the covenants and obligations set forth herein that the Purchaser is required to comply with or perform at or prior to the Closing shall have been complied with or performed in all material respects.

Section 7.3 Purchaser Compliance Certificate. The Purchaser shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Stockholders a certificate executed by the chief executive officer or chief financial officer of the Purchaser as to compliance with the conditions set forth in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 (the “Purchaser Compliance Certificate”).

Section 7.4 Ancillary Agreements and Deliveries. The Purchaser shall have delivered, or caused to be delivered, to the Stockholders the items listed in Section 8.3, each of which, in the case of agreements and documents, shall be in full force and effect.

Section 7.5 No Restraints. No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other Order preventing the consummation of the

 

33


transactions contemplated hereunder shall have been issued by any Governmental Body and shall remain in effect, and there shall not be any Law enacted or deemed applicable to the transactions contemplated hereunder that makes the Closing illegal.

ARTICLE VIII

CLOSING

Section 8.1 Closing. Unless otherwise mutually agreed in writing between the Purchaser and Stockholder Representative , the Closing shall take place at the Purchaser’s offices at 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, at 9:00 A.M. (Pacific Time) on the second (2nd) Business Day following the day on which the last to be satisfied or waived of the conditions set forth in Articles VI and VII shall be satisfied or waived in accordance with this Agreement or such earlier time and date as the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative may agree (other than those conditions that by their terms are to be satisfied at the Closing, it being understood that the occurrence of the Closing shall remain subject to the satisfaction or waiver of such conditions at the Closing).

Section 8.2 Stockholder and Company Closing Deliveries. At the Closing, the Stockholders and the Company, as applicable, shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Purchaser the following:

(a) certificates representing the Shares, duly endorsed in blank or accompanied by duly executed stock powers or other instruments of assignment requested by and reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Purchaser;

(b) the organizational record books, minute books and corporate seal of the Company;

(c) a certificate of non-foreign status that complies with Treasury Regulation Section 1.4445-2(c)(3);

(d) written resignations of the directors and officers of the Company, effective as of the Closing Date;

(e) evidence in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Purchaser that the consulting agreements between the Company and each of Anthony Clarke and Richard Stewart have been terminated;

(f) a certificate, dated as of the Closing Date, signed by the Secretary of the Company (i) attaching copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and any amendments thereto, of the Company, (ii) attaching a true, correct and complete copy of the stock ledger of the Company from the date of its incorporation through the Closing Date, (iii) certifying that attached thereto are true, correct and complete copies of action by written consent or resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company which authorize and approve the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the

 

34


transactions contemplated hereby, (iv) certifying the good standing of the Company in its jurisdiction of incorporation and in each other jurisdiction in which it is qualified to do business, and that there are no proceedings for the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, and (v) certifying the incumbency, signature and authority of the officers of the Company authorized to execute, deliver perform this Agreement and all other documents, instruments or agreements related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement executed or to be executed by the Company;

(g) an audit response letter from, Wyrick, Robbins, Yates & Ponton LLP, the Company’s legal counsel;

(h) evidence, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Purchaser, that each consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with any Person required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance hereof has been obtained or made and is in full force and effect;

(i) a copy of the Escrow Agreement, duly executed by the Stockholder Representative and the Escrow Agent; and

(j) all other documents required to be entered into by the Company and the Stockholders at or prior to the Closing pursuant hereto or reasonably requested by the Purchaser to convey the Shares to the Purchaser or to otherwise consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, including the documents listed in Section 8.2.

Section 8.3 Purchaser Closing Deliveries. At the Closing, the Purchaser shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Stockholders the following:

(a) the portion of the Purchase Price to be paid at the Closing pursuant to Section 1.3(a), paid and delivered in accordance with such Section;

(b) a copy of the Escrow Agreement, duly executed by the Purchaser and the Escrow Agent; and

(c) all other documents required to be entered into or delivered by the Purchaser at or prior to the Closing pursuant hereto.

ARTICLE IX

TERMINATION

Section 9.1 Termination Events. This Agreement may be terminated prior to the Closing:

(a) by mutual written consent of the Purchaser and the Stockholders holding a majority in interest in the Company;

(b) by written notice from the Purchaser to the Stockholder Representative, if there has been a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement by the Company

 

35


or the Stockholders, or any such representation or warranty shall become untrue after the date hereof, such that the conditions in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 would not be satisfied and such breach is not curable or, if curable, is not cured within the earlier of (i) fifteen (15) days after written notice thereof is given by the Purchaser to the Stockholder Representative, and (ii) the Expiration Date;

(c) by written notice from the Stockholder Representative to the Purchaser, if there has been a breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement by the Purchaser, or any such representation or warranty shall become untrue after the date hereof, such that the conditions in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 would not be satisfied and such breach is not curable or, if curable, is not cured within the earlier of (i) fifteen (15) days after written notice thereof is given by the Stockholder Representative to the Purchaser, and (ii) the Expiration Date; or

(d) by written notice by the Stockholder Representative to the Purchaser or the Purchaser to the Stockholder Representative, as the case may be, in the event the Closing has not occurred on or prior to November 1, 2009 (the “Expiration Date”) for any reason other than delay or nonperformance of or breach by the party seeking such termination.

(e) Effect of Termination. In the event of termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Article IX, this Agreement shall forthwith become void and there shall be no liability on the part of any party to this Agreement or its partners, officers, directors, stockholders or shareholders, except for obligations under Section 5.8 (Public Announcements), Section 12.2 (Fees and Expenses), Section 12.3 (Waiver; Amendment), Section 12.6 (Governing Law; Jurisdiction and Venue), Section 12.10 (Notices), Section 12.12 (Enforcement of Agreement), Section 12.13 (Severability) and this Section 9.1, all of which shall survive the Termination Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained herein shall relieve any party from liability for any breach hereof.

ARTICLE X

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 10.1 Indemnification Obligations of the Stockholders. The Stockholders shall, jointly and severally, indemnify and hold harmless the Purchaser Indemnified Parties from and against, and compensate, reimburse and pay the Purchaser Indemnified Parties for, any and all Losses arising out of or relating to:

[****]

The Losses of the Purchaser Indemnified Parties described in this Section 10.1 as to which the Purchaser Indemnified Parties are entitled to indemnification are collectively referred to as “Purchaser Losses.”

Section 10.2 Indemnification Obligations of the Purchaser. The Purchaser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Stockholder Indemnified Parties

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

36


from and against, and compensate, reimburse and pay the Stockholder Indemnified Parties for, any and all Losses arising out of or relating to:

[****]

The Losses of the Stockholder Indemnified Parties described in this Section 10.2 as to which the Stockholder Indemnified Parties are entitled to indemnification are collectively referred to as “Stockholder Losses.”

Section 10.3 Indemnification Procedure.

(a) Promptly following receipt by an Indemnified Party of notice by a third-party (including any Governmental Body) of any complaint, dispute or claim or the commencement of any audit, investigation, action or proceeding with respect to which such Indemnified Party may be entitled to indemnification pursuant hereto (a “Third-Party Claim”), or upon realization of a Loss by an Indemnified Party for which the Indemnified Party is entitled to indemnification under this Article X, such Indemnified Party shall provide written notice thereof to the party obligated to indemnify under this Agreement (the “Indemnifying Party”), provided, however, that the failure to so notify the Indemnifying Party shall relieve the Indemnifying Party from liability hereunder with respect to such Third-Party Claim only if, and only to the extent that, such failure to so notify the Indemnifying Party materially prejudices the rights and defenses otherwise available to the Indemnifying Party with respect to such Third-Party Claim. The Indemnifying Party shall have the right, upon written notice delivered to the Indemnified Party within twenty (20) days thereafter assuming full responsibility for any Purchaser Losses or Stockholder Losses (as the case may be) resulting from such Third-Party Claim, to assume the defense of such Third-Party Claim, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of the fees and disbursements of such counsel. In the event, however, that the Indemnifying Party declines or fails to assume the defense of such Third-Party Claim on the terms provided above or to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party, in either case within such twenty (20)-day period, or thereafter defaults in continuing to defend the Indemnified Party, then any Purchaser Losses or any Stockholder Losses (as the case may be), shall include the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Indemnified Party as incurred. In any Third-Party Claim for which indemnification is being sought hereunder the Indemnified Party or the Indemnifying Party, whichever is not assuming the defense of such Third-Party Claim, shall have the right to participate in such matter and to retain its own counsel at such Party’s own expense. The Indemnifying Party or the Indemnified Party (as the case may be) shall at all times use reasonable efforts to keep the Indemnifying Party or Indemnified Party (as the case may be) reasonably apprised of the status of the defense of any matter the defense of which it is maintaining and to cooperate in good faith with each other with respect to the defense of any such matter.

(b) No Indemnified Party may settle or compromise any Third-Party Claim or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to which indemnification is being sought hereunder without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying Party (which may not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), unless (i) the Indemnifying Party fails to assume and maintain diligently the defense of such Third-Party Claim pursuant to Section 10.3(a) or fails to

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

37


reimburse the Indemnified Party within thirty (30) days for expenses incurred by the Indemnified Party in defending itself against any Third-Party Claim in the circumstance where the Indemnifying Party fails to assume the defense of the Indemnified Party or having assumed the defense, thereafter defaults in pursuing such defense, or (ii) such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of the Indemnifying Party and its officers, directors, employees and Affiliates from all liability arising out of, or related to, such Third-Party Claim without further monetary liability to the Indemnifying Party. An Indemnifying Party may not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, settle or compromise any Third-Party Claim or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to which indemnification is being sought hereunder unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of the Indemnified Party and its officers, directors, employees and Affiliates from all liability arising out of, or related to, such Third-Party Claim, (ii) does not contain any admission or statement suggesting any wrongdoing or liability on behalf of the Indemnified Party, and (iii) does not contain any equitable order, judgment or term that in any manner affects, restrains or interferes with the business of the Indemnified Party or any of the Indemnified Party’s Affiliates.

(c) In the event an Indemnified Party claims a right to payment pursuant hereto with respect to any matter not involving a Third-Party Claim (a “Direct Claim”), such Indemnified Party shall send written notice of such claim to the appropriate Indemnifying Party (a “Notice of Claim”). Such Notice of Claim shall specify the basis for such Direct Claim. The failure by any Indemnified Party so to notify the Indemnifying Party shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party from any liability that it may have to such Indemnified Party with respect to any Direct Claim made pursuant to this Section 10.3(c), it being understood that Notices of Claim in respect of a breach of a representation or warranty must be delivered prior to the expiration of the survival period for such representation or warranty under Section 10.4. In the event the Indemnifying Party does not notify the Indemnified Party within thirty (30) days following its receipt of such Notice of Claim that the Indemnifying Party disputes its liability to the Indemnified Party under this Article X or the amount thereof, the Direct Claim specified by the Indemnified Party in such Notice of Claim shall be conclusively deemed a liability of the Indemnifying Party under this Article X, and the Indemnifying Party shall pay the amount of such liability to the Indemnified Party on demand or, in the case of any notice in which the amount of the Direct Claim (or any portion of the Direct Claim) is estimated, on such later date when the amount of such Direct Claim (or such portion of such Direct Claim) becomes finally determined. All amounts due to a Purchaser Indemnified Party as so finally determined shall be paid first from the Escrow Account until all monies in such account are exhausted and then jointly and severally by the Stockholders, in each case by wire transfer within five (5) Business Days following such final determination. In the event the Indemnifying Party has timely disputed its liability with respect to such Direct Claim as provided above, as promptly as reasonably practicable, such Indemnified Party and the appropriate Indemnifying Party shall establish the merits and amount of such Direct Claim (by mutual agreement, litigation or otherwise) and, within five (5) Business Days following the final determination of the merits and amount of such Direct Claim, the Indemnifying Party shall pay an amount equal to such Direct Claim as determined hereunder first from the Escrow Account until all monies in such account are exhausted and then jointly and severally by the Stockholders, in each case by wire transfer. If a dispute exists as to the amount of any Direct Claim, the substantially prevailing party shall

 

38


be entitled to all legal and other fees paid in asserting or defending such Direct Claim, as the case may be.

Section 10.4 Survival Period. The representations and warranties made by the parties herein shall not be extinguished by the Closing, but shall survive the Closing for, and all claims for indemnification in connection therewith shall be asserted not later than, [****] following the Closing Date; provided, however, that (a) each of the representations and warranties contained in [****] shall survive the Closing without limitation as to time, and the period during which a claim for indemnification may be asserted in connection therewith shall continue indefinitely, and (b) each of the representations and warranties contained in [****] shall survive the Closing until, and all claims for indemnification in connection therewith shall be asserted not later than [****] following, the expiration of any statute of limitations applicable to the rights of any Person to bring any claim with respect to such matters. [****] Notwithstanding the foregoing, if, prior to the close of business on the last day a claim for indemnification may be asserted hereunder, an Indemnifying Party shall have been properly notified of a claim for indemnity hereunder and such claim shall not have been finally resolved or disposed of at such date, such claim shall continue to survive and shall remain a basis for indemnity hereunder until such claim is finally resolved or disposed of in accordance with the terms hereof.

Section 10.5 Liability Limits.

[****]

[****]

[****]

[****]

Section 10.6 Investigations. [****]

Section 10.7 Set-Off. [****]

Section 10.8 Exclusive Remedy. Except for actions grounded in fraud, from and after the Closing, the indemnities provided in this Article X shall constitute the sole and exclusive remedy of any Indemnified Party for damages arising out of, resulting from or incurred in connection with any claims related to this Agreement or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that this exclusive remedy for damages does not preclude a party from bringing an action for specific performance or other equitable remedy to require a party to perform its obligations under this Agreement or any agreement entered into in connection herewith.

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

39


Section 10.9 Characterization of Indemnification Payments. The Purchaser and the Stockholders agree to treat any payment made under this Article X as an adjustment to the Purchase Price.

Section 10.10 Payments from Insurance Policies. The amount of Loss recoverable by any Indemnified Party under this Article X with respect to an indemnity claim shall be reduced by the amount of any payment actually received by such Indemnified Party (or an Affiliate thereof) from any insurance policy net of any deductibles or other amounts payable with respect thereto.

ARTICLE XI

STOCKHOLDER REPRESENTATIVE

Section 11.1 Stockholder Representative.

(a) The Stockholders, by the approval and adoption of this Agreement, authorize the Stockholder Representative to (i) enter into the Escrow Agreement, (ii) take all action necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or under the Escrow Agreement, or the defense and/or settlement of any claims for which the Stockholders may be required to indemnify the Purchaser or any other Indemnified Party pursuant to Article X, (iii) give and receive all notices required to be given under this Agreement, and (iv) take any and all additional action as is contemplated to be taken by or on behalf of the holders of Shares by the terms of this Agreement or on behalf of the Stockholders pursuant to the Escrow Agreement.

(b) All decisions and actions by the Stockholder Representative, including without limitation, (i) any agreement between the Stockholder Representative and the Purchaser relating to the defense or settlement of any claims for which the Stockholders may be required to indemnify the Purchaser pursuant to Article X, (ii) any agreement between the Stockholder Representatives and the Purchaser relating to the determination of the achievement of an event triggering the Purchaser’s payment obligations under Section 1.4 or any other matter relating to Article I, and (iii) any agreement by the Stockholder Representative, the Purchaser and/or the Escrow Agent relating to the Escrow Amount, the Escrow Account or any other issue, term or provision under the Escrow Agreement, shall be binding upon all of the Stockholders, and no Stockholder shall have the right to object, dissent, protest or otherwise contest the same.

(c) The Stockholder Representative shall not have any liability to any of the parties hereto or to the Stockholders for any act done or omitted hereunder as Stockholder Representative while acting in good faith and in the exercise of reasonable judgment, and any act done or omitted pursuant to the advice of counsel shall be conclusive evidence of such good faith. The Stockholders shall severally indemnify the Stockholder Representative and hold it harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred without gross negligence or bad faith on the part of the Stockholder Representative and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties hereunder and under the Escrow Agreement.

(d) The Stockholder Representative shall have full power and authority on behalf of each Stockholder to take any and all actions on behalf of, execute any and all

 

40


instruments on behalf of, and execute or waive any and all rights of, the Stockholders under this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement.

(e) By his, her or its approval of this Agreement and the Escrow Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, each Stockholder agrees, in addition to the foregoing, that:

(i) The Purchaser shall be entitled to rely conclusively on the instructions and decisions of the Stockholder Representative as to (i) the settlement of any claims for indemnification by the Purchaser pursuant to Article X or any term or provision of the Escrow Agreement, (ii) actions taken relating to the release and payment of monies from the Escrow Account under the Escrow Agreement, (iii) actions taken in respect of the determination of the achievement of an event triggering the Purchaser’s payment obligations under Section 1.4 or any other matter relating to Article I, (iv) written instructions provided to the Purchaser by the Stockholder Representative changing the allocation of the contingent payments among the Stockholders from the amounts set forth on Exhibit 1.3, or (v) any other actions required or permitted to be taken by the Stockholder Representative hereunder or under the Escrow Agreement, and no Stockholder shall have any cause of action against the Purchaser for any action taken by the Purchaser in reliance upon the instructions or decisions of the Stockholder Representative;

(ii) all actions, decisions and instructions of the Stockholder Representative shall be conclusive and binding upon all of the Stockholders and no Stockholder shall have any cause of action against the Stockholder Representative for any action taken, decision made or instruction given by the Stockholder Representative under this Agreement or the Escrow Agreement except for fraud or willful misconduct by the Stockholder Representative in connection with the matters described in this Section 11.1;

(iii) the provisions of this Section 11.1 are independent and severable, are irrevocable and coupled with an interest and shall be enforceable notwithstanding any rights or remedied that any Stockholder may have in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Escrow Agreement; and

(iv) the provisions of this Section 11.1 shall be binding upon the executors, heirs, legal representatives, personal representatives, successor trustees and successors of each Stockholder, and any reference in this Agreement to a Stockholder or the Stockholders shall mean and include the successors to the rights of the Stockholders hereunder, whether pursuant to testamentary disposition, the laws of descent and distribution or otherwise.

ARTICLE XII

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 12.1 Further Assurances. Each party hereto shall execute and cause to be delivered to each other party hereto such instruments and other documents, and shall take such other actions, as such other party may reasonably

 

41


request (prior to, at or after the Closing) for the purpose of carrying out or evidencing any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 12.2 Fees and Expenses. Each party to this Agreement shall bear and pay all fees, costs and expenses (including legal fees and accounting fees) that have been incurred or that are incurred by such party in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Section 12.3 Waiver; Amendment. Any agreement on the part of a party to any extension or waiver of any provision hereof shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed on behalf of such party. A waiver by a party of the performance of any covenant, agreement, obligation, condition, representation or warranty shall not be construed as a waiver of any other covenant, agreement, obligation, condition, representation or warranty. A waiver by any party of the performance of any act shall not constitute a waiver of the performance of any other act or an identical act required to be performed at a later time. This Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented except by written agreement between the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative.

Section 12.4 Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all other prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among or between any of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

Section 12.5 Execution of Agreement; Counterparts; Electronic Signatures.

(a) This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument, and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties; it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterparts.

(b) The exchange of copies of this Agreement and of signature pages by facsimile transmission (whether directly from one facsimile device to another by means of a dial-up connection or whether mediated by the worldwide web), by electronic mail in “portable document format” (“.pdf”) form, or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the original graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, or by combination of such means, shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Agreement as to the parties and may be used in lieu of the original Agreement for all purposes. Signatures of the parties transmitted by facsimile or other electronic means shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.

Section 12.6 Governing Law; Jurisdiction and Venue.

(a) This Agreement and the relationship of the parties hereto shall be construed in accordance with, and governed in all respects by, the internal laws of the State of New York (without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws).

 

42


(b) Any legal action or other legal proceeding relating to this Agreement or the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement shall be brought or otherwise commenced exclusively in any state or federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York. Each party to this Agreement:

(i) expressly and irrevocably consents and submits to the jurisdiction of each state and federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York (and each appellate court located in the State of New York), in connection with any legal proceeding;

(ii) agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by U.S. mail addressed to him at the address set forth in Section 12.10 shall constitute effective service of such process, summons, notice or document for purposes of any such legal proceeding;

(iii) agrees that each state and federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York, shall be deemed to be a convenient forum; and

(iv) agrees not to assert (by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise), in any such legal proceeding commenced in any state or federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York, any claim by either the Company or the Purchaser that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of such court, that such legal proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of such proceeding is improper or that this Agreement or the subject matter of this Agreement may not be enforced in or by such court.

Section 12.7 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH OF THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHTS TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING BETWEEN THE PARTIES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT.

Section 12.8 Assignment and Successors. No party may assign any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties, except that the Purchaser may assign any of its rights and delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement to any Affiliate of the Purchaser. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will apply to, be binding in all respects upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties. The Purchaser covenants that to the extent that any Entity acquires all or substantially all of the assets or operations related to Products, whether by merger, asset acquisition or otherwise, it will ensure that such acquiring Entity agrees in writing to assume the Purchaser’s obligations under this Agreement and the Purchaser shall provide a copy of such assumption to the Stockholder Representative.

 

43


Section 12.9 Parties in Interest. Except for the provisions of Article X, none of the provisions of this Agreement is intended to provide any rights or remedies to any Person other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns (if any).

Section 12.10 Notices. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other communications required or permitted by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given to a party when (a) delivered to the appropriate address by hand or by nationally recognized overnight courier service (costs prepaid), or (b) sent by facsimile or e-mail with confirmation of transmission by the transmitting equipment confirmed with a copy delivered as provided in clause (a), in each case to the following addresses, facsimile numbers or e-mail addresses and marked to the attention of the person (by name or title) designated below (or to such other address, facsimile number, e-mail address or person as a party may designate by notice to the other parties):

The Company:

Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

1251 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Attention: John D. Liatos

Fax no.: (646) 336-4983

E-mail address: jliatos@acerasbio.com

The Stockholders:

Aceras BioMedical, LLC

1251 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Attention: John D. Liatos

Fax no.: (646) 336-4983

E-mail address: jliatos@acerasbio.com

with a mandatory copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice):

Wyrick, Robbins, Yates & Ponton LLP

4101 Lake Boone Trail, Suite 300

Raleigh, NC 27607

Attention: W. David Mannheim

Fax no.: (919) 781-4865

E-mail address: dmannheim@wyrick.com

The Purchaser:

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

105 Digital Drive

Novato, CA 94949

Attention: Jean-Jacques Bienaimé, Chief Executive Officer

Fax no.: (415) 382-7889

 

44


E-mail address: jbienaime@bmrn.com

with a mandatory copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice):

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

105 Digital Drive

Novato, CA 94949

Attention: G. Eric Davis, General Counsel

Fax no.: (415) 382-7889

E-mail address: edavis@bmrn.com

Section 12.11 Construction; Usage.

(a) Interpretation. In this Agreement, unless a clear contrary intention appears:

(i) the singular number includes the plural number and vice versa;

(ii) reference to any Person includes such Person’s successors and assigns but, if applicable, only if such successors and assigns are not prohibited by this Agreement, and reference to a Person in a particular capacity excludes such Person in any other capacity or individually;

(iii) reference to any gender includes each other gender;

(iv) reference to any agreement, document or instrument means such agreement, document or instrument as amended or modified and in effect from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof;

(v) reference to any Law means such Law as amended, modified, codified, replaced or reenacted, in whole or in part, and in effect from time to time, including rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and reference to any section or other provision of any Law means that provision of such Law from time to time in effect and constituting the substantive amendment, modification, codification, replacement or reenactment of such section or other provision;

(vi) “hereunder,” “hereof,” “hereto,” and words of similar import shall be deemed references to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other provision hereof;

(vii) “including” means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding such term; and

(viii) references to documents, instruments or agreements shall be deemed to refer as well to all addenda, exhibits, schedules or amendments thereto.

 

45


(b) Legal Representation of the Parties. This Agreement was negotiated by the parties with the benefit of legal representation and any rule of construction or interpretation otherwise requiring this Agreement to be construed or interpreted against any party shall not apply to any construction or interpretation hereof.

(c) Headings. The headings contained in this Agreement are for the convenience of reference only, shall not be deemed to be a part of this Agreement and shall not be referred to in connection with the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

(d) Accounting Terms. All accounting terms not specifically defined herein shall be construed in accordance with GAAP.

Section 12.12 Enforcement of Agreement. The parties acknowledge and agree that the parties may be irreparably damaged if any of the provisions of this Agreement are not performed in accordance with their specific terms and that any breach of this Agreement by the other parties hereto may not be adequately compensated in all cases by monetary damages alone. Accordingly, in addition to any other right or remedy to which a party may be entitled, at law or in equity, it shall be entitled to enforce any provision of this Agreement by a decree of specific performance and temporary, preliminary and permanent injunctive relief to prevent breaches or threatened breaches of any of the provisions of this Agreement, without posting any bond or other undertaking.

Section 12.13 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, the other provisions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. Any provision of this Agreement held invalid or unenforceable only in part or degree will remain in full force and effect to the extent not held invalid or unenforceable.

Section 12.14 Time of Essence. With regard to all dates and time periods set forth or referred to in this Agreement, time is of the essence.

Section 12.15 Schedules and Exhibits. The Schedules and Exhibits (including the Stockholder Disclosure Schedule) are hereby incorporated into this Agreement and are hereby made a part hereof as if set out in full herein.

*        *        *

 

46


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed, as of the date first above written.

 

PURCHASER:
BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC.
By:  

/s/ G. Eric Davis

Name:   G. Eric Davis
Title:   Vice President, General Counsel
COMPANY:
HUXLEY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
By:  

/s/ Daniel DiPietro

Name:   Daniel DiPietro
Title:   President
STOCKHOLDERS:
ACERAS BIOMEDICAL, LLC
By:  

/s/ John Liatos

Name:   John Liatos
Title:   Partner

/s/ Anthony Clarke

Anthony Clarke

/s/ Richard Stewart

Richard Stewart

[SIGNATURE PAGE TO STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


EXHIBIT A

DEFINITIONS

For purposes of the Agreement (including this Exhibit A):

Acquisition Proposal” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.5(a).

Acquisition Transaction” means any transaction or series of transactions involving:

(a) any merger, consolidation, share exchange, business combination, issuance of securities, direct or indirect acquisition of securities, recapitalization, tender offer, exchange offer or other similar transaction involving the Company;

(b) any direct or indirect sale, lease, exchange, transfer, license, acquisition or disposition of a material portion of the business or assets of the Company; or

(c) any liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

Affiliate” when used with respect to any party means any person who is an “affiliate” of that party within the meaning of Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act.

AGEPS” means Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé.

Agreement” means this Stock Purchase Agreement, as amended from time to time.

Annual Net Sales” means total Net Sales of the applicable Product in a particular calendar year determined in accordance with Section 1.5.

AP-HP” means L’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris.

API” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.22.

ATU” means Autorisation Temporaire d’Utilisation or Temporary Authorization for Use. An ATU is the regulatory mechanism used by the French Health Products and Safety Agency to make non-approved drugs available to patients in France, when a genuine public health need exists.

Business” means developing and/or commercialization of products containing 3,4-diaminopyridine for any indication or developing and/or commercialization any other amino pyridine for the treatment of any neuro-muscular disease.

Business Day” means any day except Saturday, Sunday or any day on which banks are generally not open for business in the City of New York, New York.

Change” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).


Closing” means the consummation of the purchase and sale of the Shares, as set forth in Article VIII of this Agreement.

Closing Date” means the date on which the Closing occurs as set forth in Section 8.1.

Closing Date Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2.

Closing Date Indebtedness” means any indebtedness of the Company with respect to (a) borrowed money, (b) notes payable, (c) capital leases, and (d) installment sale Contracts or other Contracts, other than the License Agreement, relating to the deferred and unpaid purchase price of property or services, including any interest accrued thereon and prepayment, change of control or similar penalties and expenses, as of the Closing Date.

Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Commercial Launch” means sales of a Product in a country following approval of an MAA for such country, but excluding sales made pursuant to any named patient, ATU, or other special preapproval access program.

Company” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Company Agreements” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.11(a).

Company Common Stock” means the common stock, $.0001 par value per share, of the Company.

Company Contract” means any Contract, including any amendment or supplement thereto, (a) to which the Company is a party, (b) by which the Company or any of its assets is or may become bound or under which the Company has, or may become subject to, any obligation, or (c) under which the Company has or may acquire any right or interest.

Company Financial Statements” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a).

Company Intellectual Property” means the Company Owned Intellectual Property and the Company Licensed Intellectual Property.

Company Leases” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.9(b).

Company Licensed Intellectual Property” means all Intellectual Property that is licensed to the Company by any other third-party and is material to the Company.

Company Material Adverse Effect” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).

Company Owned Intellectual Property” means all Intellectual Property that is owned or purported to be owned by the Company, in whole or in part, and is material to the Company.

Company Permits” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.16.

 

2


Company Preferred Stock” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a).

Company Registrations” means Intellectual Property Registrations that are registered or filed in the name of or licensed by the Company, alone or jointly with others.

Company Rights” means any: outstanding subscription, option, call, warrant or right (whether or not currently exercisable) to acquire any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Company, (ii) outstanding security, instrument or obligation that is or may become convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Company, (iii) Contract under which the Company is or may become obligated to sell or otherwise issue any shares of its capital stock or any other securities of the Company, or (iv) condition or circumstance that may give rise to or provide a basis for the assertion of a claim by any Person to the effect that such Person is entitled to acquire or receive any shares of capital stock or other securities of the Company.

Confidential Information” means any data or information concerning the Company (including trade secrets), without regard to form, regarding (for example and including) (a) business process models, (b) proprietary software, (c) research, development, products, services, marketing, selling, business plans, budgets, unpublished financial statements, licenses, prices, costs, Contracts, suppliers, customers, and customer lists, (d) the identity, skills and compensation of employees, contractors, and consultants, (e) specialized training, or (f) discoveries, developments, trade secrets, processes, formulas, data, lists, and all other works of authorship, mask works, ideas, concepts, know-how, designs, and techniques, whether or not any of the foregoing is or are patentable, copyrightable, or registrable under any intellectual property Laws or industrial property Laws in the United States or elsewhere. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no data or information constitutes “Confidential Information” if such data or information is publicly known and in the public domain through means that do not involve a breach by the Company or a Stockholder of any covenant or obligation set forth in this Agreement.

Contamination” means the presence of, or Release on, under, from or to, any property of any Hazardous Substance, except the routine storage and use of Hazardous Substances from time to time in the Ordinary Course of Business, in compliance with Environmental Laws and in compliance with good commercial practice.

Contract” means any written, oral or other agreement, contract, subcontract, lease, understanding, instrument, note, warranty, license, sublicense, insurance policy, benefit plan or legally binding commitment or undertaking of any nature, whether express or implied.

Direct Claim” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3(c).

EMEA” means the European Medicines Agency or any successor thereto.

Employee Benefit Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.14(c).

 

3


Entity” means any corporation (including any non-profit corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, company (including any limited liability company or joint stock company), firm or other enterprise, association, organization or entity.

Environmental Law” means any foreign, federal, state, provincial or local law, statute, rule or regulation or the common law relating to the environment or occupational health and safety, including any statute, regulation, administrative decision or order pertaining to (i) treatment, storage, disposal, generation and transportation of industrial, toxic, infectious, biological, radioactive or hazardous materials or substances or solid, medical, mixed or hazardous waste; (ii) air, water and noise pollution; (iii) groundwater and soil contamination; (iv) the release or threatened release into the environment of industrial, toxic, infectious, biological, radioactive or hazardous materials or substances, or solid, medical, mixed or hazardous waste, including emissions, discharges, injections, spills, escapes or dumping of pollutants, contaminants or chemicals; (v) the protection of wild life, marine life and wetlands, including all endangered and threatened species; (vi) storage tanks, vessels, containers, abandoned or discarded barrels and other closed receptacles; (vii) health and safety of employees and other persons; or (viii) manufacturing, processing, using, distributing, treating, storing, disposing, transporting or handling of materials regulated under any law as pollutants, contaminants, toxic, infectious, biological, radioactive or hazardous materials or substances or oil or petroleum products or solid, medical, mixed or hazardous waste.

ERISA” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.14(c).

ERISA Affiliate” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.14(c).

Escrow Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.3(a).

Escrow Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.16.

Escrow Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.16.

Escrow Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.3(a).

EC” means the European Commission.

EU” means the European Union.

EUSA” means EUSA Pharma SAS and its Affiliates, a corporation organized under the laws of France, registered with the Register of Commerce of Lyon under the No. 424 347 011 RCS Lyon.

Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

4


Exchange Rate” means the average exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and the relevant currency published in the Wall Street Journal for the ten (10) business days prior to and including the date payment of the relevant amount became due.

Expiration Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1(d).

Exploit” means develop, design, test, modify, make, use, sell, have made, used and sold, import, reproduce, market, distribute, commercialize, support, maintain, correct and create derivative works of.

FDA” means the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any successor thereto.

FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

GAAP” means, for each party, United States generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied by such party for all of its products, and at such time as such party adopts, after companies in the United States are required or permitted by the SEC to adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards or any similar generally accepted SEC permitted accounting basis at the time (the “IFRS”), the IFRS, as thereafter consistently applied by such party.

Governmental Authorization” means any (a) approval, permit, license, certificate, franchise, permission, clearance, registration, qualification or other authorization issued, granted, given or otherwise made available by or under the authority of any Governmental Body or pursuant to any Law, or (b) right under any Contract with any Governmental Body.

Governmental Body” any court, arbitrational tribunal, administrative agency or commission or other governmental or regulatory authority, agency or instrumentality within or outside of the United States, including, without limitation, the FDA, the EMEA or Health Canada.

Hazardous Substance” means any substance that is: (i) listed, classified, regulated or which falls within the definition of a “hazardous substance,” “hazardous waste” or “hazardous material” pursuant to any Environmental Law; (ii) any petroleum product or by-product, asbestos-containing material, lead-containing paint, pipes or plumbing, polychlorinated biphenyls, radioactive materials or radon; (iii) any infectious, biological or medical waste, including biohazards, radioactive materials and blood-borne pathogens; or (iv) any other substance which is the subject of regulatory action by any Governmental Body pursuant to any Environmental Law.

Healthcare-Related Law” means (i) the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, (ii) the Public Health Service Act, (iii) the Federal Healthcare Program Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b) (known as the “Anti-Kickback Statute”)), (iv) the Medicare statute, federal and state Medicaid statutes, Sections 1128, 1128A, 1128B, 1128C and 1877 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 1320a-7, 1320a-7a, 1320a-7b, 1320a-7c and 1395nn), (v) statutes governing TRICARE (10 U.S.C. § 1071 et seq.) or other U.S. federal government employee

 

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healthcare programs, (vi) the civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq.), (vii) criminal false claims and false statements statutes (e.g., 18 U.S.C. §§ 287 and 1001), (viii) the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act (31 U.S.C. § 3801 et seq.), (ix) HIPAA, (x) Section 353 of the Public Health Services Act (42 U.S.C. § 263a) as revised by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (“CLIA”), (xi) all regulations, guidances, rules, standards, guidelines, policies and orders promulgated under any Healthcare-Related Law described in clauses (i)-(x) of this definition or otherwise administered or issued by any Governmental Body created by or enforcing any such Healthcare-Related Law, and (xii) all other foreign, federal, state, provincial and local statutes, laws, regulations, directives, rules, standards, guidelines, policies and orders relating to the subject matter of any of the Healthcare-Related Laws described in clauses (i)-(x) of this definition, including those administered by the FDA, the EMEA or Health Canada.

HIPAA” means the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended (Pub. L. 104-191).

Indemnified Party” means a Purchaser Indemnified Party or a Stockholder Indemnified Party.

Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3(a).

Intellectual Property” means the following subsisting throughout the world:

(a) Patent Rights;

(b) Trademarks and all goodwill in the Trademarks;

(c) copyrights, designs, data and database rights and registrations and applications for registration thereof, including moral rights of authors;

(d) inventions, invention disclosures, statutory invention registrations, trade secrets and confidential business information, know-how, manufacturing and product processes and techniques, research and development information, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost information, business and marketing plans and customer and supplier lists and information, whether patentable or nonpatentable, whether copyrightable or noncopyrightable and whether or not reduced to practice; and

(e) other proprietary rights relating to any of the foregoing (including remedies against infringement thereof and rights of protection of interest therein under the laws of all jurisdictions).

Intellectual Property Registrations” means Patent Rights, registered Trademarks, registered copyrights and designs, and applications for each of the foregoing.

Knowledge” [****]

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

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Law” means any federal, state, local, municipal, foreign or international, multinational other law, statute, constitution, principle of common law, resolution, ordinance, code, edict, decree, rule, regulation, ruling or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, promulgated, implemented or otherwise put into effect by or under the authority of any Governmental Body.

Legal Proceeding” means any ongoing or threatened action, suit, litigation, arbitration, proceeding (including any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or appellate proceeding), hearing, inquiry, audit, examination or investigation commenced, brought, conducted or heard by or before, or otherwise involving, any court or other Governmental Body or any arbitrator or arbitration panel.

LEMS” means Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome.

License Agreement” means that certain Exclusive License and Sublicense Agreement by and between EUSA and Company dated April 23, 2009.

Lien” means any lien, pledge, hypothecation, charge, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, claim, infringement, interference, option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, community property interest or restriction of any nature affecting property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, including any restriction on the voting of any security, any restriction on the transfer of any security or other asset, any restriction on the receipt of any income derived from any asset, any restriction on the use of any asset, any restriction on the possession, exercise or transfer of any other attribute of ownership of any asset, any lease in the nature thereof and any filing of or agreement to give any financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code (or equivalent statute of any jurisdiction).

Losses” means any and all claims, liabilities, obligations, damages, losses, penalties, fines, judgments, costs and expenses (including amounts paid in settlement, costs of investigation and attorney’s fees and expenses), whenever arising or incurred, and whether arising out of a third-party claim.

Marketing Authorization Application” (or “MAA”) means any marketing authorization application for a country or region, requesting approval from the applicable Governmental Body for commercial sale of a Product in such country or region (including a NDA filed with the FDA in the United States), and all amendments and supplements filed to any such application.

NDA” means a New Drug Application (or its equivalent), as defined in the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder, including without limitation, any Supplemental New Drug Application.

Net Sales” [****]

Noncompete Period” means the period beginning on the Closing Date [****]

Notice of Claim” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3(c).

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

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Ordinary Course of Business” means the operations of all aspects of the business of the Company on a day to day and a prospective basis consistent with the business plans of the Company.

Organizational Documents” means, with respect to any entity, the constitution, certificate of incorporation, articles of incorporation, by-laws, articles of organization, partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement, trust deed, formation agreement, joint venture agreement or other similar organizational documents of such entity (in each case, as amended through the date of this Agreement).

Patent Rights” means all patents, patent applications, utility models, design registrations and certificates of invention and other governmental grants for the protection of inventions or industrial designs (including all related continuations, continuations-in-part, divisionals, reissues and reexaminations).

Permitted Lien” means any (a) Lien for Taxes not yet due and payable (excluding Liens arising under ERISA or the Code), (b) Liens of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, materialmen and repairmen incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and not yet delinquent, and (c) in the case of real property, zoning, building, or other restrictions, variances, covenants, rights of way, encumbrances, easements and other minor irregularities in title, none of which, individually or in the aggregate, (i) interfere in any material respect with the present use of or occupancy of the affected parcel by the Company, (ii) have more than an immaterial effect on the value thereof or its use, or (iii) would impair the ability of such parcel to be sold for its present use.

Person” means any individual, Entity, trust, Governmental Body or other organization.

Pivotal Clinical Trial” means a human clinical trial, the principal purpose of which is to establish safety and efficacy in patients with the disease being studied, as further described in 21 C.F.R. §312.21(c) (including, any such clinical study in any country other than the United States), which is designed and intended to serve as a pivotal study to support the filing of an NDA or other MAA for the indication being studied.

Pre-Closing Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.

Pre-Closing Tax Periods” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.10(a).

Product” means any salt form of 3,4-diaminopyridine intended as a pharmaceutical product for the treatment of any disease or condition in humans.

Product Candidates” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.10(c).

Purchase Price” has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2.

Purchaser” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

8


Purchaser Compliance Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3.

Purchaser Financial Statements” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.

Purchaser Organizational Documents” means the certificate of incorporation and the bylaws, including all amendments thereto, of the Purchaser.

Purchaser Indemnified Parties” means the Purchaser and its Affiliates (including the Company), their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and representatives and the heirs, executors, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing.

Purchaser Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1.

Purchaser Related Agreement” means any certificate, agreement, document or other instrument, other than this Agreement, to be executed and delivered by the Purchaser in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby.

Receivables” means the accounts receivable, notes receivable and other receivables of the Company as of the close of business on the Closing Date.

Registrations” means authorizations, approvals, licenses, permits, certificates, or exemptions issued by any Governmental Body (including, without limitation, pre-market approval applications, pre-market notifications, investigational new drug applications, new drug applications, biologic license applications, manufacturing approvals and authorizations, pricing and reimbursement approvals, labeling approvals or their foreign equivalent) held by the Company that are required for, among other things, the research, development, manufacture, processing, labeling, distribution, marketing, storage, transportation, use, sale and provision of the products and services of the Company.

Related Party” means (a) each individual who is, or who has at any time been, an officer or director of the Company, (b) each member of the immediate family of each of the individuals referred to in clause (a) above, and (c) any trust or other Entity (other than the Company) in which any one of the individuals referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above holds (or in which more than one of such individuals collectively hold), beneficially or otherwise, a material voting, proprietary, equity or other financial interest.

Release” or “Released” means the spilling, leaking, disposing, discharging, emitting, depositing, injecting, leaching, escaping or any other release, however defined, and whether intentional or unintentional, of any Hazardous Substance. The term “Release” shall include any threatened release.

Representatives” means, with respect to a Person, the officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys, accountants, advisors and representatives of such Person.

SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

9


Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Shares” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals.

Stockholder Compliance Certificate” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.3.

Stockholder Disclosure Schedule” means the disclosure schedule (dated as of the date of the Agreement) delivered to the Purchaser on behalf of Stockholders and the Company on the date of this Agreement.

Stockholder Indemnified Parties” means (i) if the Stockholder is a natural person, the Stockholders and their respective heirs, executors, successors and assigns, or (ii) if the Stockholder is an Entity, the Stockholder, its Affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and representatives and the heirs, executors, successors and assigns of any of the foregoing.

Stockholder Related Agreement” means any certificate, agreement, document or other instrument, other than this Agreement, to be executed and delivered by the Company or a Stockholder in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation, the certificates, agreements, documents and other instruments set forth in Section 8.2.

Stockholder Representative” means Aceras BioMedical, LLC.

Stockholders” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

Stockholder Losses” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2.

Stock Option Plan” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.14(b).

Straddle Tax Periods” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.10(b).

Sublicensee” means an Entity to whom a party has granted a right to develop, manufacture, sell, market, distribute and/or promote a Product.

Subsidiary” means, with respect to any party, any corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company or other non-corporate business enterprise in which such party (or another Subsidiary of such party) holds stock or other ownership interests representing (A) more that 50% of the voting power of all outstanding stock or ownership interests of such entity, or (B) the right to receive more than 50% of the net assets of such entity available for distribution to the holders of outstanding stock or ownership interests upon a liquidation or dissolution of such entity.

Taxes” means any and all taxes, charges, fees, levies or other similar assessments or liabilities in the nature of a tax, including income, gross receipts, ad valorem, premium, value-added, net worth, capital stock, capital gains, documentary, recapture, alternative or add-on minimum, disability, estimated, registration, recording, excise, real property, personal property,

 

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sales, use, license, lease, service, service use, transfer, withholding, employment, unemployment, insurance, employment insurance, social security, business license, business organization, environmental, worker’s compensation, pension, payroll, profits, severance, stamp, occupation, windfall profits, customs, franchise and other taxes of any kind whatsoever imposed by the United States of America, or any state, provincial, local or foreign government, or any agency or political subdivision thereof, and any interest, penalties or additions to tax imposed with respect to such items or any contest or dispute thereof.

Tax Returns” means any and all reports, returns, or declarations relating to Taxes filed or required to be filed with any Governmental Body, including any schedule or attachment thereto, including any amendment thereof.

Termination Date” means the date prior to the Closing on which this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Article IX.

Third-Party Claim” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3(a).

Third-Party Payments” [****]

Trademarks” means all registered trademarks and service marks, logos, Internet domain names, corporate names and doing business designations and all registrations and applications for registration of the foregoing, common law trademarks and service marks and trade dress.

Transaction Expenses” means the sum of all fees, costs and expenses (including legal fees and accounting fees and including the amount of all special bonuses and other amounts that may become payable to any officers of the Company or other Persons in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement) that are incurred by the Company for the benefit of the Company or a Stockholder in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

Treasury Regulations” means the temporary and final income Tax regulations promulgated under the Code.

Unaudited Balance Sheet” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a)(i).

Unaudited Interim Balance Sheet” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a)(ii).

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

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Exhibit 1.3

Stockholder Information and Ownership

 

Stockholder Name

   Outstanding Shares     Closing Date Amount   Escrow and Earnout
Percentage
    Account Information

Aceras BioMedical, LLC

   12,854,670      [****]   94.98   [****]

Richard Stewart

   480,000 1    [****]   3.54   [****]

Anthony Clarke

   200,000 1    [****]   1.48   [****]

TOTAL:

   13,534,670      [****]   100.00  
                

 

1

Assuming exercise of outstanding options prior to Closing.

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24B-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

12


Exhibit 2.14

2009 Stock Option Plan

HUXLEY PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

2009 STOCK PLAN

1. Purpose. This 2009 Stock Plan (the “Plan”) is intended to provide incentives:

(a) to employees of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), or its parent (if any) or any of its present or future subsidiaries (collectively, “Related Corporations”), by providing them with opportunities to purchase Common Stock (as defined below) of the Company pursuant to options granted hereunder that qualify as “incentive stock options” (“ISOs”) under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”);

(b) to directors, employees and consultants of the Company and Related Corporations by providing them with opportunities to purchase Common Stock (as defined below) of the Company pursuant to options granted hereunder that do not qualify as ISOs (Nonstatutory Stock Options, or “NSOs”);

(c) to employees and consultants of the Company and Related Corporations by providing them with bonus awards of Common Stock (as defined below) of the Company (“Stock Bonuses”); and

(d) to employees and consultants of the Company and Related Corporations by providing them with opportunities to make direct purchases of Common Stock (as defined below) of the Company (“Purchase Rights”).

Both ISOs and NSOs are referred to hereafter individually as “Options”, and Options, Stock Bonuses and Purchase Rights are referred to hereafter collectively as “Stock Rights”. As used herein, the terms “parent” and “subsidiary” mean “parent corporation” and “subsidiary corporation”, respectively, as those terms are defined in Section 424 of the Code.

 

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2. Administration of the Plan.

(a) The Plan shall be administered by (i) the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) or (ii) a committee consisting of directors or other persons appointed by the Board (the “Committee”). The appointment of the members of, and the delegation of powers to, the Committee by the Board shall be consistent with applicable laws and regulations (including, without limitation, the Code, Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or any successor rule thereto (“Rule 16b-3”), and any applicable state law (collectively, the “Applicable Laws”). Once appointed, such Committee shall continue to serve in its designated capacity until otherwise directed by the Board. From time to time, the Board may increase the size of the Committee and appoint additional members thereof, remove members (with or without cause) and appoint new members in substitution therefor, fill vacancies, however caused, and remove all members of the Committee and thereafter directly administer the Plan, all to the extent permitted by the Applicable Laws.

(b) Subject to ratification of the grant or authorization of each Stock Right by the Board (if so required by an Applicable Law), and subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee, if so appointed, shall have the authority, in its discretion, to:

(i) determine the employees of the Company and Related Corporations (from among the class of employees eligible under Section 3 to receive ISOs) to whom ISOs may be granted, and to determine (from among the classes of individuals and entities eligible under Section 3 to receive NSOs, Stock Bonuses and Purchase Rights) to whom NSOs, Stock Bonuses and Purchase Rights may be granted;

(ii) determine the time or times at which Options, Stock Bonuses or Purchase Rights may be granted (which may be based on performance criteria);

(iii) determine the number of shares of Common Stock subject to any Stock Right granted by the Committee;

(iv) determine the option price of shares subject to each Option, which price shall not be less than the minimum price specified in Section 6 hereof, as appropriate, and the

 

14


purchase price of shares subject to each Purchase Right and to determine the form of consideration to be paid to the Company for exercise of such Option or purchase of shares with respect to a Purchase Right;

(v) determine whether each Option granted shall be an ISO or NSO;

(vi) determine (subject to Section 7) the time or times when each Option shall become exercisable and the duration of the exercise period;

(vii) determine whether restrictions such as repurchase options are to be imposed on shares subject to Options, Stock Bonuses and Purchase Rights and the nature of such restrictions, if any;

(viii) approve forms of agreement for use under the Plan;

(ix) determine the fair market value of a Stock Right or the Common Stock underlying a Stock Right;

(x) accelerate vesting on any Stock Right or to waive any forfeiture restrictions, or to waive any other limitation or restriction with respect to a Stock Right;

(xi) reduce the exercise price of any Stock Right if the fair market value of the Common Stock covered by such Stock Right shall have declined since the date the Stock Right was granted;

(xii) institute a program whereby outstanding Options can be surrendered in exchange for Options with a lower exercise price;

 

15


(xiii) modify or amend each Stock Right (subject to Section 8(d) of the Plan) including the discretionary authority to extend the post-termination exercisability period of Stock Rights longer than is otherwise provided for by terms of the Plan or the Stock Right;

(xv) construe and interpret the Plan and Stock Rights granted hereunder and prescribe and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan; and

(xvi) make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.

If the Committee determines to issue a NSO, it shall take whatever actions it deems necessary, under Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, to ensure that such Option is not treated as an ISO. The interpretation and construction by the Committee of any provisions of the Plan or of any Stock Right granted under it shall be final unless otherwise determined by the Board. The Committee may from time to time adopt such rules and regulations for carrying out the Plan as it may deem best. No member of the Board or the Committee shall be liable for any action or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Stock Right granted under it.

(c) The Committee may select one of its members as its chairman, and shall hold meetings at such times and places as it may determine. Acts by a majority of the Committee, approved in person at a meeting or in writing, shall be the valid acts of the Committee. All references in this Plan to the Committee shall mean the Board if no Committee has been appointed. From time to time the Board may increase the size of the Committee and appoint additional members thereof, remove members (with or without cause) and appoint new members in substitution therefor, fill vacancies however caused, or remove all members thereof and thereafter directly administer the Plan.

(d) Those provisions of the Plan that make express reference to Rule 16b-3 shall apply to the Company only at such time as the Company’s Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act, and then only to such persons as are required to file reports under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act (a “Reporting Person”).

 

16


(e) To the extent that Stock Rights are to be qualified as “performance-based” compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, the Plan shall be administered by a committee consisting of two or more “outside directors” as determined under Section 162(m) of the Code.

3. Eligible Employees and Others.

(a) Eligibility. ISOs may be granted to any employee of the Company or any Related Corporation. Those officers of the Company who are not employees may not be granted ISOs under the Plan. NSOs, Stock Bonuses and Purchase Rights may be granted to any director, employee or consultant of the Company or any Related Corporation. Granting of any Stock Right to any individual or entity shall neither entitle that individual or entity to, nor disqualify him or her from, participation in any other grant of Stock Rights.

(b) Special Rule for Grant of Stock Rights to Reporting Persons. The selection of a director or an officer who is a Reporting Person (as the terms “director” and “officer” are defined for purposes of Rule 16b-3) as a recipient of a Stock Right, the timing of the Stock Right grant, the exercise price, if any, of the Stock Right and the number of shares subject to the Stock Right shall be determined either (i) by the Board, or (ii) by a committee of the Board that is composed solely of two or more Non-Employee Directors having full authority to act in the matter. For the purposes of the Plan, a director shall be deemed to be a “Non-Employee Director” only if such person is defined as such under Rule 16b-3(b)(3), as interpreted from time to time.

4. Stock. The stock subject to Stock Rights shall be authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, or such shares of the Company’s capital stock into which such class of shares may be converted pursuant to any reorganization, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or the like (the “Common Stock”), or shares of Common Stock reacquired by the Company in any manner. The aggregate number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the Plan is 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as provided herein. Any such shares may be issued as ISOs, NSOs or Stock Bonuses, or to persons or entities making purchases pursuant to Purchase Rights, so long as the number of shares so issued does not exceed such aggregate number, as adjusted. If any Option granted under the Plan shall expire or terminate for any reason without having been exercised in full or shall cease for any reason to be exercisable in whole or in part, or if the Company shall reacquire any shares issued pursuant to Stock Rights, the unpurchased shares subject to such Options and any shares so reacquired by the Company shall again be available for grants of Stock Rights under the Plan.

 

17


5. Granting of Stock Rights. Stock Rights may be granted under the Plan at any time after the Effective Date, as set forth in Section 16, and prior to 10 years thereafter. The date of grant of a Stock Right under the Plan will be the date specified by the Board or Committee at the time it grants the Stock Right; provided, however, that such date shall not be prior to the date on which the Board or Committee acts. The Board or Committee shall have the right, with the consent of the optionee, to convert an ISO granted under the Plan to an NSO pursuant to Section 17.

6. Minimum Price; ISO Limitations.

(a) The price per share specified in the agreement relating to each NSO, Stock Bonus or Purchase Right granted under the Plan shall be established by the Board or Committee, taking into account any noncash consideration to be received by the Company from the recipient of Stock Rights.

(b) The price per share specified in the agreement relating to each ISO granted under the Plan shall not be less than the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the date of such grant. In the case of an ISO to be granted to an employee owning stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Related Corporation, the price per share specified in the agreement relating to such ISO shall not be less than 110% of the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the date of the grant.

(c) To the extent that the aggregate fair market value (determined at the time an ISO is granted) of Common Stock for which ISOs granted to any employee are exercisable for the first time by such employee during any calendar year (under all stock option plans of the Company and any Related Corporation) exceeds $100,000; or such higher value as permitted under Code Section 422 at the time of determination, such Options will be treated as NSOs, provided that this Section shall have no force or effect to the extent that its inclusion in the Plan is not necessary for Options issued as ISOs to qualify as ISOs pursuant to Section 422 of the Code. The rule of this Section 6(c) shall be applied by taking Options in the order in which they were granted.

(d) If, at the time a Stock Right is granted under the Plan, the Company’s Common Stock is publicly traded, “fair market value” shall be determined as of the last business

 

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day for which the prices or quotes discussed in this sentence are available prior to the time such a Stock Right is granted and shall mean:

(i) if the Common Stock is then traded on a national securities exchange; or on the Nasdaq National Market (the “NASDAQ/NMS”) or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, the closing sale price for such stock (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported as quoted on such exchange or market); or

(ii) the closing bid price or average of bid prices last quoted on that date by an established quotation service, if the Common Stock is not reported on National Securities Exchange, the NASDAQ/NMS or the Nasdaq SmallCap Market.

However, if the Common Stock is not publicly traded at the time a Stock Right is granted under the Plan, “fair market value” shall be deemed to be the fair value of the Common Stock as determined by the Board or Committee after taking into consideration all factors that it deems appropriate.

7. Option Duration. Subject to earlier termination as provided in Sections 9 and 10, each Option shall expire on the date specified by the Board or Committee, but not more than:

(a) 10 years from the date of grant in the case of NSOs;

(b) 10 years from the date of grant in the case of ISOs generally; and

(c) 5 years from the date of grant in the case of ISOs granted to an employee owning stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Related Corporation.

Subject to earlier termination as provided in Sections 9 and 10, the term of each ISO shall be the term set forth in the original instrument granting such ISO, except with respect to any part of such ISO that is converted into an NSO pursuant to Section 17.

 

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8. Exercise of Options. Subject to the provisions of Section 9 through Section 12 of the Plan, each Option granted under the Plan shall be exercisable as follows:

(a) the Option shall either be fully exercisable on the date of grant or shall become exercisable thereafter in such installments as the Board or Committee may specify;

(b) once an installment becomes exercisable it shall remain exercisable until expiration or termination of the Option, unless otherwise specified by the Board or Committee;

(c) each Option or installment may be exercised at any time or from time to time, in whole or in part, for up to the total number of shares with respect to which it is then exercisable; and

(d) the Board or Committee shall have the right to accelerate the date of exercise of any installment of any Option, provided that the Board or Committee shall not accelerate the exercise date of any installment of any ISO granted to any employee (and not previously converted into an NSO pursuant to Section 17) without the prior consent of such employee if such acceleration would violate the annual vesting limitation contained in Section 422 of the Code, as described in Section 6(c).

9. Termination of Employment. If a grantee ceases to be employed by the Company and all Related Corporations other than by reason of death or disability as defined in Section 10, or by reason of a termination “For Cause” as defined in this Section 9, unless otherwise specified in the instrument granting such Stock Right, the grantee shall have the continued right to exercise any Stock Right held by him or her, to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which he or she could have exercised it on the date of termination until the Stock Right’s specified expiration date; provided, however, in the event the grantee exercises any ISO after the date that is three months following the date of termination of employment, such ISO will automatically be converted into an NSO subject to the terms of the Plan. Employment shall be considered as continuing uninterrupted during any bona fide leave of absence (such as those attributable to illness, military obligations or governmental service) provided that the period of such leave does not exceed 90 days or, if longer, any period during which such grantee’s right to reemployment with the Company is guaranteed by statute or by contract. A bona fide leave of absence with the written approval of the Company shall not be considered an interruption of employment under

 

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the Plan, provided that such written approval contractually obligates the Company or any Related Corporation to continue the employment of the grantee after the approved period of absence; provided that the foregoing approval requirement shall not apply to a leave of absence guaranteed by statute or contract. ISOs granted under the Plan shall not be affected by any change of employment within or among the Company and Related Corporations, so long as the optionee continues to be an employee of the Company or any Related Corporation.

For purposes of this Plan, a change in status from employee to a consultant, or from a consultant to employee, will not constitute a termination of employment, provided that a change in status from an employee to consultant may cause an ISO to become an NSO under the Code. In the event of a termination “For Cause,” the right of a grantee to exercise a Stock Right shall terminate as of the date of termination. For purposes of this Plan, “For Cause” shall mean the termination of a grantee’s status as an employee, a director or consultant (as applicable) for any of the following reasons, as determined by the Committee; provided, that, with respect to an employee that is party to an agreement with the Company where a termination for cause is defined in such agreement, the definition in such agreement shall govern the determination under this Section 9:

(i) A grantee who is a consultant and who commits a material breach of any consulting, noncompetition, confidentiality or similar agreement with the Company or a subsidiary, as determined under such agreement;

(ii) A grantee who is an employee or a consultant and who is convicted (including a trial, plea of guilty or plea of nolo contendere) for committing an act of fraud, embezzlement, theft, or other act constituting a felony;

(iii) A grantee who is an employee or a consultant and who willfully engages in gross misconduct or willfully violates a Company or a subsidiary policy which is materially and demonstrably injurious to the Company and/or a subsidiary after a written demand to cease such misconduct or violation has been delivered by the Committee to the grantee that specifically identifies the manner in which the Committee believes that the grantee has violated this Paragraph (iii), and the grantee fails to cease such misconduct or violation and remedy any injury suffered by the Company or the subsidiary as a result thereof within thirty (30) calendar days after receiving such notice, unless the Board determines that a shorter period of time is reasonable under the circumstances. However, no act or failure to act, on the grantee’s part shall be considered “willful” unless done, or omitted to be done, by the grantee not in good faith and without reasonable belief that the grantee’s action or omission was in the best interest of the Company or the subsidiary; or

 

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(iv) A grantee who is a Company employee and who commits a material breach of any noncompetition, confidentiality or similar agreement with the Company or a subsidiary, as determined under such agreement.

NOTHING IN THE PLAN SHALL BE DEEMED TO GIVE ANY GRANTEE OF ANY STOCK RIGHT THE RIGHT TO BE RETAINED IN EMPLOYMENT OR OTHER SERVICE BY THE COMPANY OR ANY RELATED CORPORATION FOR ANY PERIOD OF TIME OR TO AFFECT THE AT-WILL NATURE OF ANY EMPLOYEE’S EMPLOYMENT.

10. Death; Disability.

(a) If a grantee ceases to be employed by the Company and all Related Corporations by reason of death, or if a grantee dies within three months of the date his or her employment or other affiliation with the Company has been terminated, any Stock Right held by him or her may be exercised to the extent of the number of shares with respect to which he or she could have exercised said Stock Right on the date of death, by his or her estate, personal representative or beneficiary who has acquired the Stock Right by will or by the laws of descent and distribution (the “Successor Grantee”), unless otherwise specified in the instrument granting such Stock Right, prior to the earlier of (i) one year after the date of termination or (ii) the Stock Right’s specified expiration date, provided, however, that a Successor Grantee shall be entitled to ISO treatment under Section 421 of the Code only if the deceased optionee would have been entitled to like treatment had he or she exercised such Option on the date of his or her death provided further in the event the Successor Grantee exercises an ISO after the date that is one year following the date of termination by reason of death, such ISO will automatically be converted into a NSO subject to the terms of the Plan.

(b) If a grantee ceases to be employed by the Company and all Related Corporations by reason of disability, he or she shall continue to have the right to exercise any Stock Right held by him or her on the date of termination until unless otherwise specified in the instrument granting such Stock Right, the earlier of (i) one year after the date of termination or (ii) the Stock Right’s specified expiration date, provided, however, in the event the grantee exercises an ISO after the date that is one year following the date of termination by reason of disability, such ISO will automatically be converted into a NSO subject to the terms of the Plan. For the purposes of the Plan, the term “disability” shall mean “permanent and total disability” as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.

 

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(c) The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 10 regarding the exercise period of a Stock Right may be waived, extended or further limited, in the discretion of the Board or Committee, in an instrument granting a Stock Right that is not an ISO.

11. Transferability and Assignability of Stock Rights.

(a) No ISO granted under this Plan shall be assignable or otherwise transferable by the optionee except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. An ISO may be exercised during the lifetime of the optionee only by the optionee.

(b) Any NSO or Purchase Right may be transferable by the grantee to the grantee’s family members by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. For purposes of the Plan, a grantee’s “family members” shall be deemed to consist of his or her spouse, parents, children, grandparents, grandchildren and any trusts created for the benefit of such individuals. A family member to whom any such Stock Right has been transferred pursuant to this Section 11(b) shall be hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Transferee”. A Stock Right shall be transferred to a Permitted Transferee in accordance with the foregoing provisions, and subject to all the provisions of the Stock Right Agreement and this Plan, by the execution by the grantee and the transferee of an assignment in writing in such form approved by the Board or the Committee. The Company shall not be required to recognize the rights of a Permitted Transferee until such time as it receives a copy of the assignment from the grantee.

12. Terms and Conditions of Stock Rights. Stock Rights shall be evidenced by instruments (which need not be identical) in such forms as the Board or Committee may from time to time approve. Such instruments shall conform to the terms and conditions set forth in Sections 6 through 11 hereof and may contain such other provisions as the Board or Committee deems advisable that are not inconsistent with the Plan, including restrictions (or other conditions deemed by the Board or Committee to be in the best interests of the Company) applicable to the exercise of Options or to shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Options. In granting any NSO, the Board or Committee may specify that such NSO shall be subject to the restrictions set forth herein with respect to ISOs, or to such other termination and cancellation provisions as the Board or Committee may determine. The Board or Committee may from time to time confer authority and responsibility on one or more of its own members and/or one or more officers of the Company to execute and deliver such instruments. The proper officers of the Company are authorized and directed to take any and all action necessary or advisable from time to time to carry out the terms of such instruments.

 

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13. Adjustments. Upon the occurrence of any of the following events, the rights of a recipient of a Stock Right granted hereunder shall be adjusted as hereinafter provided, unless otherwise provided in the written agreement between the recipient and the Company relating to such Stock Right.

(a) If the shares of Common Stock shall be subdivided or combined into a greater or smaller number of shares or if the Company shall issue shares of Common Stock as a stock dividend on its outstanding Common Stock, the number of shares of Common Stock deliverable upon the exercise of outstanding Stock Rights shall be appropriately increased or decreased proportionately, and appropriate adjustments shall be made in the purchase price (if any) per share to reflect such subdivision, combination or stock dividend.

(b) If the Company is to be consolidated with or acquired by another entity in a merger, sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or otherwise (an “Acquisition”), unless otherwise provided by the Board or Committee, in its sole discretion, the Board or Committee or the board of directors of any entity assuming the obligations of the Company hereunder (the “Successor Board”) shall, as to outstanding Stock Rights, make appropriate provision for the continuation of such Stock Rights by either assumption of such Stock Rights or by substitution of such Stock Rights with an equivalent award. For Stock Rights that are so assumed or substituted, in the event of a termination of grantee’s employment or consulting relationship by the Company or its successor other than For Cause or by grantee for Good Reason (as defined below) within sixty (60) days prior to and one hundred and eighty (180) days after an Acquisition, all Stock Rights held by such grantee shall become vested and immediately and fully exercisable and all forfeiture restrictions shall be waived. If the Board, the Committee, or the Successor Board does not make appropriate provisions for the continuation of such Stock Rights by either assumption or substitution, unless otherwise provided by the Board or Committee in its sole discretion, Stock Rights shall become vested and fully and immediately exercisable and all forfeiture restrictions shall be waived and all Stock Rights not exercised at the time of the closing of such Acquisition shall terminate notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Section 9 hereof. For purposes of this Plan, a termination for “Good Reason” shall mean the resignation of an employee within thirty (30) days after the following actions: (i) without the express written consent of employee, the Company assigns duties which are materially inconsistent with employee’s position, duties and status; (ii) any action by the Company which results in a material diminution in the position, duties or status of employee or any transfer or proposed transfer of employee for any extended period to a location more than thirty-five miles away from such employees’ principal place of employment, except for a transfer or proposed transfer for strategic reallocations of the personnel reporting to employee; or (iii) the Company reduces the base annual salary of employee, as the same may hereafter be increased from time to time.

 

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(c) In the event of a transaction, including without limitation, a recapitalization or reorganization of the Company (other than a transaction described in subsection (b) above) pursuant to which securities of the Company or of another corporation are issued with respect to the outstanding shares of Common Stock, an optionee or grantee upon exercising an a Stock Rights shall be entitled to receive for the purchase price paid upon such exercise the securities he or she would have received if he or she had exercised the Stock Right immediately prior to such recapitalization or reorganization.

(d) In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, each Stock Right will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action or at such other time and subject to such other conditions as shall be determined by the Board or Committee.

(e) Except as expressly provided herein, no issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of shares subject to Stock Right. No adjustments shall be made for dividends paid in cash or in property other than Common Stock of the Company.

(f) No fractional shares shall be issued under the Plan and any optionee who would otherwise be entitled to receive a fraction of a share upon exercise of a Stock Right shall receive from the Company cash in lieu of such fractional shares in an amount equal to the fair market value of such fractional shares, as determined in the sole discretion of the Board or Committee.

(g) Upon the happening of any of the foregoing events described in subsections (a), (b) or (c) above, the class and aggregate number of shares set forth in Section 4 hereof that are subject to Stock Rights that previously have been or subsequently may be granted under the Plan shall also be appropriately adjusted to reflect the events described. The Board or Committee or the Successor Board shall determine the specific adjustments to be made under this Section 13 and, subject to Section 2, its determination shall be conclusive.

14. Means of Exercising Stock Rights. Except as otherwise provided in this Plan or the instrument evidencing the Stock Right, a Stock Right (or any part or installment thereof) shall be exercised by giving written notice to the Company at its principal office address to the attention of its President. Such notice shall identify the Stock Right being exercised and specify

 

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the number of shares as to which such Stock Right is being exercised, accompanied by full payment of the exercise price therefor, if any, payable as follows (a) in United States dollars in cash or by check, (b) at the discretion of the Board or Committee, through the delivery of already-owned shares of Common Stock having a fair market value equal as of the date of the exercise to the cash exercise price of the Stock Right and, in the case of such already - owned shares of Common Stock, having been owned by the participant for more than six months from the date of surrender, or (c) at the discretion of the Board or Committee, by delivery of the grantee’s personal recourse note bearing interest payable not less than annually at a market rate that is no less than 100% of the lowest applicable Federal rate, as defined in Section 1274(d) of the Code, or (d) at the discretion of the Board or Committee, through the surrender of shares of Common Stock then issuable upon exercise of the Stock Right having a fair market value on the date of exercise equal to the aggregate price of the Stock Right, (e) at the discretion of the Board of Committee, delivery of a notice that the grantee has placed a market sell order with a broker with respect to shares of Common Stock then issuable upon exercise of the Stock Right and that the broker has been directed to pay a sufficient portion of the net proceeds of the sale to the Company in satisfaction of the Stock Right Exercise Price, provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to the Company upon settlement of the sale or (f) at the discretion of the Board or Committee, by any combination of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) or such other consideration and method of payment for the issuance of shares to the extent permitted by applicable law or the Plan. If the Board or Committee exercises its discretion to permit payment of the exercise price of an ISO by means of the methods set forth in clauses (b), (c) (d), (e) or (f) of the preceding sentence, such discretion shall be exercised in writing at the time of the grant of the ISO in question and such exercise shall also be governed by any terms set forth in the written agreement evidencing the grant of the Stock Right. The holder of a Stock Right shall not have the rights of a stockholder with respect to the shares covered by the Stock Right until the date of issuance of a stock certificate for such shares. Except as expressly provided above in Section 13 with respect to changes in capitalization and stock dividends, no adjustment shall be made for dividends or similar rights for which the record date is before the date such stock certificate is issued.

15. Surrender of Stock Rights for Cash or Stock. The Board or Committee may, in its sole and absolute discretion and subject to such terms and conditions as it deems appropriate, accept the surrender by an optionee or grantee of a Stock Right granted to him under the Plan and authorize payment in consideration therefor of an amount equal to the difference between the purchase price payable for the shares of Common Stock under the instrument granting the Option and the fair market value of the shares subject to the Stock Right (determined as of the date of such surrender of the Stock Right). Such payment shall be made in shares of Common Stock valued at fair market value on the date of such surrender, or in cash, or partly in such shares of Common Stock and partly in cash as the Board or Committee shall determine. The surrender shall be permitted only if the Board or Committee determines that such surrender is consistent with the purpose set forth in Section 1, and only to the extent that the Stock Right is exercisable under Section 8 on the date of surrender. In no event shall an optionee or grantee surrender his Stock Right under this Section if the fair market value of the shares on the date of such surrender is less than the purchase price payable for the shares of Common Stock subject to the Stock

 

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Right. Any ISO surrendered pursuant to the provisions of this Section 15 shall be deemed to have been converted into a NSO immediately prior to such surrender.

16. Term and Amendment of Plan. This Plan was adopted by the Board and the stockholders on April 27, 2009 (the “Effective Date”). The Plan shall expire 10 years after the Effective Date (except as to Stock Rights outstanding on that date). The Board may terminate or amend the Plan in any respect at any time, except that without the approval of the stockholders obtained within 12 months before or after the Board adopts a resolution authorizing any of the following actions:

(a) the total number of shares that may be issued under the Plan may not be increased (except by adjustment pursuant to Section 13);

(b) the provisions of Section 3 regarding eligibility for grants of ISOs may not be modified;

(c) the provisions of Section 6(b) regarding the exercise price at which shares may be offered pursuant to ISOs may not be modified (except by adjustment pursuant to Section 13); and

(d) the expiration date of the Plan may not be extended.

Except as provided in Section 13(b) and the fifth sentence of this Section 16, in no event may action of the Board or stockholders adversely alter or impair the rights of a grantee, without his or her consent, under any Stock Right previously granted.

17. Conversion of ISOs into NSOs; Termination of ISOs. The Board or Committee, with the consent of any optionee, may in its discretion take such actions as may be necessary to convert an optionee’s ISOs (or any installments or portions of installments thereof) that have not been exercised on the date of conversion into NSOs at any time prior to the expiration of such ISOs. These actions may include, but not be limited to, accelerating the exercisability, extending the exercise period or reducing the exercise price of the appropriate installments of optionee’s Options. At the time of such conversion, the Board or Committee (with the consent of the

 

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optionee) may impose these conditions on the exercise of the resulting NSOs as the Board or Committee in its discretion may determine, provided that the conditions shall not be inconsistent with the Plan. Nothing in the Plan shall be deemed to give any optionee the right to have such optionee’s ISOs converted into NSOs, and no conversion shall occur until and unless the Board or Committee takes appropriate action. The Board or Committee, with the consent of the optionee, may also terminate any portion of any ISO that has not been exercised at the time of termination.

18. Governmental Regulation. The Company’s obligation to sell and deliver shares of the Common Stock under the Plan is subject to the approval of any governmental authority required in connection with the authorization, issuance or sale of such shares.

19. Withholding of Additional Income Taxes.

(a) Upon the exercise of an NSO, or the grant of a Stock Bonus or Purchase Right for less than the fair market value of the Common Stock, the making of a Disqualifying Disposition (as defined in Section 20), the vesting of restricted Common Stock acquired on the exercise of a Stock Right hereunder or the surrender of an Option pursuant to Section 15, the Company, in accordance with Section 3402(a) of the Code and any applicable state statute or regulation, may require the optionee, Stock Bonus recipient or purchaser to pay to the Company additional withholding taxes in respect of the amount that is considered compensation includable in such person’s gross income. With respect to (a) the exercise of an Option, (b) the grant of a Stock Bonus, (c) the grant of a Purchase Right of Common Stock for less than its fair market value, (d) the vesting of restricted Common Stock acquired by exercising a Stock Right, or (e) the acceptance of a surrender of an Option, the Committee in its discretion may condition such event on the payment by the optionee, Stock Bonus recipient or purchaser of any such additional withholding taxes.

(b) At the sole and absolute discretion of the Committee, the holder of Stock Rights may pay all or any part of the total estimated federal and state income tax liability arising out of the exercise or receipt of such Stock Rights, the making of a Disqualifying Disposition, or the vesting of restricted Common Stock acquired on the exercise of a Stock Right hereunder (each of the foregoing, a “Tax Event”) by tendering already-owned shares of Common Stock or (except in the case of a Disqualifying Disposition) by directing the Company to withhold shares of Common Stock otherwise to be transferred to the holder of such Stock Rights as a result of the exercise or receipt thereof in an amount equal to the estimated federal and state income tax liability arising out of such event, provided that no more shares may be withheld than are necessary to satisfy the holder’s actual minimum withholding obligation with respect to the

 

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exercise of Stock Rights. In such event, the holder of Stock Rights must, however, notify the Committee of his or her desire to pay all or any part of the total estimated federal and state income tax liability arising out of a Tax Event by tendering already-owned shares of Common Stock or having shares of Common Stock withheld prior to the date that the amount of federal or state income tax to be withheld is to be determined. For purposes of this Section 19(b), shares of Common Stock shall be valued at their fair market value on the date that the amount of the tax withholdings is to be determined.

20. Notice to Company of Disqualifying Disposition. Each employee who receives an ISO must agree to notify the Company in writing immediately after the employee makes a Disqualifying Disposition (as defined below) of any Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an ISO. A “Disqualifying Disposition” is any disposition (including any sale) of such Common Stock before either (a) two years after the date the employee was granted the ISO, or (b) one year after the date the employee acquired Common Stock by exercising the ISO. If the employee has died before such stock is sold, these holding period requirements do not apply and no Disqualifying Disposition can occur thereafter.

21. Governing Law; Construction. The validity and construction of the Plan and the instruments evidencing Stock Rights shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York. In construing this Plan, the singular shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter, unless the context otherwise requires.

22. Lock-up Agreement. Each recipient of securities hereunder agrees, in connection with the first registration with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of the public sale of the Company’s Common Stock, not to sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company (other than those included in the registration) without the prior written consent of the Company or such underwriters, as the case may be, for such period of time (not to exceed 180 days) from the effective date of such registration as the Company or the underwriters, as the case may be, shall specify. Each such recipient agrees that the Company may instruct its transfer agent to place stop-transfer notations in its records to enforce this Section 22. Each such recipient agrees to execute a form of agreement reflecting the foregoing restrictions as requested by the underwriters managing such offering.

 

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Exhibit 5.2(b)

Form of First Amendment to License Agreement

[****]

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24B-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

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Exhibit 5.16

Form of Escrow Agreement

THIS ESCROW AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of                     , 2009 (the “Closing Date”), by and among: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Purchaser”); Aceras BioMedical, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as representative (the “Stockholder Representative”) of the stockholders of Huxley Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), identified on Exhibit A (the “Entitled Holders”); and U.S. Bank National Association, a national banking association (the “Escrow Agent”). Capitalized terms used in this Agreement and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings given to them in the Purchase Agreement (as defined below).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the Purchaser, the Company, the Entitled Holders and the Stockholder Representative have entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 20, 2009 (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company will be acquired by the Purchaser; and

WHEREAS, the Purchase Agreement contemplates the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the deposit by the Purchaser with the Escrow Agent of an aggregate amount of                                  of cash (the “Escrow Amount,” and together with any interest from time to time earned thereon, and reduced by any subsequent disbursements, amounts withdrawn or losses on investments, the “Escrow Account”) to secure rights to indemnification, compensation, reimbursement and payment of the Purchaser and the other Purchaser Indemnified Parties.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the respective covenants, agreements and representations and warranties set forth herein, the parties to this Agreement, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

1. Establishment of Escrow Account.

(a) Deposit of Escrow Amount. Simultaneously with the execution hereof, in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser shall deposit cash in an amount equal to the Escrow Amount in immediately available funds with the Escrow Agent. The Escrow Agent hereby acknowledges receipt of the Escrow Amount. The Escrow Account shall be held as security for the indemnification, compensation, reimbursement and payment rights of the Purchaser and the other Purchaser Indemnified Parties under Article X of the Purchase Agreement.

(b) Appointment of Escrow Agent. The Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative hereby appoint and designate the Escrow Agent as escrow agent to receive, hold, invest and disburse the Escrow Account in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Escrow Agent hereby agrees to act as escrow agent and to hold, safeguard and disburse the Escrow Account pursuant to the terms and conditions hereof.

 

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(c) Transferability. The interests of the Entitled Holders in the Escrow Account shall not be assignable or transferable, other than by operation of law (in which case, the portion of the Escrow Account so assigned or transferred shall continue to be bound by the terms of this Agreement). No assignment or transfer of any of such interests by operation of law shall be recognized or given effect until the Purchaser and the Escrow Agent shall have received written notice of such assignment or transfer.

(d) Trust Fund. Except for amounts due to the Escrow Agent or the Indemnified parties, the Escrow Account shall not be subject to any lien, attachment, trustee process or any other judicial process of any creditor of any Entitled Holder or of any party hereto. The Escrow Agent shall hold and safeguard the Escrow Account until it is released pursuant to Section 3. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Escrow Account shall be attached, garnished, or levied upon pursuant to judicial process, or the delivery of funds held in the Escrow Account shall be stayed or enjoined by any court order, or any court order shall be made or entered into affecting the Escrow Account, or any part thereof, the Escrow Agent is hereby expressly authorized to obey and comply with such judicial process or court order, and shall provide the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative as much advance written notice as is reasonably practicable thereof. In the event the Escrow Agent obeys or complies with any judicial process or court order following the Purchaser’s and the Stockholder Representative’s receipt of such advance written notice required by the preceding sentence, it shall not be liable to any party hereto or to any other person, firm or corporation by reason of such compliance, notwithstanding the subsequent reversal, modification, annulment, or setting aside of such court order.

(e) Investment of Escrow Account. The Escrow Agent shall invest and reinvest all cash funds held from time to time as part of the Escrow Account, in accordance with written instructions delivered to the Escrow Agent from the Stockholder Representative. The Escrow Agent is herein directed and instructed to initially invest and reinvest the Escrow Funds in the U. S. Bank Money Market Deposit Account. With the execution of this document, the parties hereto acknowledge receipt of prospectuses and/or disclosure materials associated with the investment vehicle, either through means of hardcopy or via access to the website associated with the investment selected by the parties to this Escrow Agreement. The parties hereto acknowledge that they have discussed the investment and are in agreement as to the selected investment. The Stockholder Representative may provide instructions changing the investment of the Escrow Funds (subject to applicable minimum investment requirements) by the furnishing of a written direction to the Escrow Agent; provided, however, that no investment or reinvestment may be made except in the following investments or in any combination thereof: (i) direct obligations of the United States of America or obligations the principal of and the interest on which are unconditionally guaranteed by the United State of America; (ii) certificates of deposit issued by any bank, bank and trust company, or national banking association (including Escrow Agent and its affiliates); (iii) repurchase agreements with any bank, trust company, or national banking association (including Escrow Agent and its affiliates); (iv) any institutional money market fund offered by Escrow Agent, including any institutional money market fund managed by Escrow Agent or any of its affiliates; (v) money market deposit accounts of any bank, trust company, or national banking association (including the U.S. Bank Money Market Deposit Account offered by the Escrow Agent and its affiliates); or (vi) such

 

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other investments as the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative shall approve in writing; provided, that in the absence of such written instructions at any time that an investment decision must be made, the Escrow Agent shall invest the Escrow Account in the U. S. Bank Money Market Deposit Account. Each of the foregoing investments shall be made in the name of Escrow Agent. No investment shall be made in any instrument or security that has a maturity of greater than six (6) months. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Escrow Agent may, without notice to the Representatives, sell or liquidate any of the foregoing investments at any time if the proceeds thereof are required for any disbursement of Escrow Funds permitted or required hereunder. All investment earnings shall become part of the Escrow Funds and investment losses shall be charged against the Escrow Funds. Escrow Agent shall not be liable or responsible for loss in the value of any investment made pursuant to this Escrow Agreement, or for any loss, cost or penalty resulting from any sale or liquidation of the Escrow Funds. With respect to any Escrow Funds received by Escrow Agent after ten o’clock, a.m., Boston, Massachusetts, time, Escrow Agent shall not be required to invest such funds or to effect any investment instruction until the next day upon which banks in Boston, Massachusetts are open for business. All entities entitled to receive interest on the Escrow Funds shall provide Escrow Agent with a W-9 or W-8 IRS tax form prior to the disbursement of interest and Escrow Agent will file the appropriate 1099 or other required forms pursuant to Federal and applicable state laws. A statement of citizenship will be provided if requested by Escrow Agent.

(f) The Escrow Agent shall furnish the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative with a quarterly written accounting of the complete investment activity of, and transactions executed with respect to, the Escrow Account, within fifteen (15) days after the end of such quarter or as soon thereafter as such statements may be available.

2. Administration of Escrow Account. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Escrow Agent shall administer the Escrow Account as follows:

(a) If the Purchaser, on behalf of itself or any other Purchaser Indemnified Party, has or claims to have incurred or suffered Losses for which it is or may be entitled to indemnification or reimbursement under the Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser shall, on behalf of itself or such Purchaser Indemnified Party, deliver a written claim notice (a “Claim Notice”) to the Stockholder Representative and to the Escrow Agent. No Claim Notice may be delivered after the Escrow Account Release Date (as hereinafter defined). Each Claim Notice shall state or provide (i) that such Purchaser Indemnified Party believes that it is entitled to indemnification or reimbursement pursuant to Article X of the Purchase Agreement, (ii) a reasonably detailed description of the circumstances supporting the basis for such Purchaser Indemnified Party’s belief that it is entitled to indemnification or reimbursement under Article X of the Purchase Agreement, and (iii) the estimated amount of Losses (if estimable) such Purchaser Indemnified Party claims to have so incurred or suffered (the “Claimed Amount”). The Claim Notice delivered to the Escrow Agent shall include a certification to the Escrow Agent that a copy of the Claim Notice has been also been delivered to the Stockholder Representative. The Escrow Agent shall have no responsibility to determine whether any Claim Notice was sent to or has been received by the Stockholder Representative or to provide any Claim Notice to such Stockholder Representative. The Escrow Agent may rely conclusively on any Claim Notice it

 

32


receives hereunder and it will be presumed that any such notice satisfies the conditions set forth herein. Furthermore, the Escrow Agent shall have no responsibility to determine if the Claim Notice satisfies the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement for making a claim, including whether there is a basis for making a claim and whether the claim is set forth in sufficient detail.

(b) Within thirty (30) days after receipt by the Stockholder Representative of a Claim Notice, the Stockholder Representative shall deliver to the Purchaser and to the Escrow Agent a written response (the “Response Notice”) in which the Stockholder Representative: (i) agrees that an amount of cash equal to the full Claimed Amount may be released from the Escrow Account to the Purchaser Indemnified Party; (ii) agrees that an amount of cash equal to part, but not all, of the Claimed Amount may be released from the Escrow Account to the Purchaser Indemnified Party; or (iii) indicates that no part of the Escrow Account may be released from the Escrow Account to the Purchaser Indemnified Party in respect of the Claimed Amount. Any part of the Claimed Amount that is not agreed to be released to the Purchaser Indemnified Party pursuant to the Response Notice shall be the “Contested Amount.” If a Response Notice is not received by the Escrow Agent prior to 5 P.M. New York time on the last day of such 30-day period or if such day is not a business day for the Escrow Agent in New York City, then on the next succeeding business day, then the Stockholder Representative shall be conclusively deemed to have agreed that an amount of cash equal to the full Claimed Amount (plus a pro rata portion of the interest and investment income deposited in the Escrow Account from the date hereof which is attributable to such Claimed Amount) shall be released to the Purchaser Indemnified Party from the Escrow Account.

(c) If the Stockholder Representative delivers a Response Notice agreeing that an amount of cash equal to the full Claimed Amount may be released from the Escrow Account to the Purchaser Indemnified Party, or if the Stockholder Representative does not deliver a Response Notice on a timely basis in accordance with Section 2(b), the Escrow Agent shall within five (5) Business Days following the receipt of such Response Notice (or, if the Escrow Agent has not received a Response Notice, within five (5) Business Days following the expiration of the 30-day period referred to in Section 2(b)), deliver to such Purchaser Indemnified Party such amount of cash equal to the Claimed Amount (plus a pro rata portion of the interest and investment income deposited in the Escrow Account from the date hereof which is attributable to such Claimed Amount).

(d) If the Stockholder Representative delivers a Response Notice agreeing that an amount of cash equal to less than the full Claimed Amount may be released from the Escrow Account to the Purchaser Indemnified Party (the “Agreed Amount”), the Escrow Agent shall, within five (5) Business Days following the receipt of such Response Notice, deliver to such Purchaser Indemnified Party an amount of cash equal to the Agreed Amount (plus a pro rata portion of the interest and investment income deposited in the Escrow Account from the date hereof which is attributable to such Agreed Amount).

(e) If the Stockholder Representative delivers a Response Notice indicating that there is a Contested Amount, the Escrow Agent shall not pay the Contested Amount to the applicable Purchaser Indemnified Party until the earlier of (A) the Escrow Agent’s receipt of a final, non-

 

33


appealable judgment of a court or other judicial body of competent jurisdiction with respect to such amount (a “Final Judgment”), which is presented to the Escrow Agent by the prevailing party with an opinion of counsel attesting to the finality of such court order, or (B) the Escrow Agent’s receipt of a notice in writing signed jointly by the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative. If, at any time prior to, on or after the Escrow Account Release Date, the Escrow Agent receives either (i) a Final Judgment pursuant to clause (A) of this Section 2(e) or (ii) a joint direction pursuant to clause (B) of this Section 2(e), in either case showing all or any portion of the Contested Amount as due or payable to the applicable Purchaser Indemnified Party, then the Escrow Agent shall disburse to such Purchaser Indemnified Party cash from the Escrow Account in an amount equal to the amount set forth in such joint direction or Final Judgment (plus a pro rata portion of the interest and investment income deposited in the Escrow Account from the date hereof which is attributable to such amount) to such Purchaser Indemnified Party within five (5) Business Days of the date of such receipt and shall retain the remaining portion of the Contested Amount as part of the Escrow Account.

(f) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, any release of funds by the Escrow Agent to a Purchaser Indemnified Party pursuant to this Section 2 shall be made to the Purchaser (for distribution to the Purchaser Indemnified Party).

(g) All disbursements of funds from the Escrow Funds shall be subject to the fees and claims of Escrow Agent and the Indemnified Parties (as defined below) pursuant to Section 5 and Section 6 below.

3. Release of Escrow Account. Except as otherwise provided herein, prior to 5:00 p.m. New York time on                              (the “Escrow Account Release Date”), the Escrow Agent shall distribute to the Stockholder Representative, in accordance with written instructions delivered to the Escrow Agent from the Stockholder Representative, the cash (or other property) held in the Escrow Account, including any interest earned thereon not otherwise distributed to the Purchaser Indemnified Parties pursuant to Section 2 or retained in the Escrow Account. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if on or prior to the Escrow Account Release Date, the Purchaser has properly given a Claim Notice on behalf of any Purchaser Indemnified Party containing a claim which has not been resolved prior to such date in accordance with Section 2, the Escrow Agent shall retain in the Escrow Account after the Escrow Account Release Date an amount of cash equal to the amount described in the Claim Notice and release of such amount shall be governed by Section 2; provided, that any amounts remaining in the Escrow Account after final resolution of such Claim Notice(s) and distribution to the Purchaser pursuant to Section 2(e), as applicable, shall be disbursed to the Stockholder’s Representative.

4. Suspension of Performance; Disbursement Into Court. If, at any time, (i) there shall exist any dispute between Purchaser or the Stockholder Representative with respect to the holding or disposition of all or any portion of the Escrow Funds or any other obligations of Escrow Agent hereunder, (ii) Escrow Agent is unable to determine, to Escrow Agent’s sole satisfaction, the proper disposition of all or any portion of the Escrow Funds or Escrow Agent’s proper actions with respect to its obligations hereunder, or (iii) the Purchaser has not within 30 days of the furnishing by Escrow Agent of a notice of resignation pursuant to Section 8 hereof,

 

34


appointed a successor Escrow Agent to act hereunder, then Escrow Agent may, in its sole discretion, take either or both of the following actions:

a. suspend the performance of any of its obligations (including without limitation any disbursement obligations) under this Escrow Agreement until such dispute or uncertainty shall be resolved to the sole satisfaction of Escrow Agent or until a successor Escrow Agent shall have been appointed (as the case may be).

b. petition (by means of an interpleader action or any other appropriate method) any court of competent jurisdiction in any venue convenient to Escrow Agent, for instructions with respect to such dispute or uncertainty, and to the extent required or permitted by law, pay into such court, for holding and disposition in accordance with the instructions of such court, all Escrow Funds, after deduction and payment to Escrow Agent of all fees and expenses (including court costs and attorneys’ fees) payable to, incurred by, or expected to be incurred by Escrow Agent in connection with the performance of its duties and the exercise of its rights hereunder.

Escrow Agent shall have no liability to the Purchaser, the Stockholder Representative, the Entitled Holders, their respective shareholders or members or any other person with respect to any such suspension of performance or disbursement into court, specifically including any liability or claimed liability that may arise, or be alleged to have arisen, out of or as a result of any delay in the disbursement of the Escrow Funds or any delay in or with respect to any other action required or requested of Escrow Agent.

5. Fees and Expenses of Escrow Agent. Purchaser and Stockholder Representative shall compensate Escrow Agent for its services hereunder in accordance with Schedule B attached hereto and, in addition, shall reimburse Escrow Agent for all of its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, including attorneys’ fees, travel expenses, telephone and facsimile transmission costs, postage (including express mail and overnight delivery charges), copying charges and the like. The additional provisions and information set forth on Schedule B are hereby incorporated by this reference, and form a part of this Escrow Agreement. Fifty percent (50%) of the Escrow Agent’s compensation, fees and expenses shall be paid by the Purchaser and fifty percent (50%) of the Escrow Agent’s compensation, fees and expenses shall be paid by the Stockholder Representative; provided, that all of the compensation and reimbursement obligations set forth in this Section 5 shall be payable by Purchaser and Stockholder Representative, jointly and severally, upon demand by Escrow Agent. The obligations of Purchaser and Stockholder Representative under this Section 5 survive any termination of this Escrow Agreement and the resignation or removal of Escrow Agent. Escrow Agent is authorized to, and may, disburse to itself from the Escrow Funds, from time to time, the amount of any compensation and reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses due and payable hereunder (including any amount to

 

35


which Escrow Agent or any Indemnified Party is entitled to seek indemnification pursuant to Section 6 hereof). Escrow Agent shall notify the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative of any disbursement from the Escrow Funds to itself or any Indemnified Party in respect of any compensation or reimbursement hereunder and shall furnish to the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative copies of all related invoices and other statements. Purchaser and Stockholder Representative hereby grant to Escrow Agent and the Indemnified Parties a security interest in and lien upon the Escrow Funds to secure all obligations with respect to the right to offset the amount of any compensation or reimbursement due any of them hereunder (including any claim for indemnification pursuant to Section 6 hereof) against the Escrow Funds. If for any reason funds in the Escrow Funds are insufficient to cover such compensation and reimbursement, Purchaser and Stockholder Representative shall promptly pay such amounts to Escrow Agent or any Indemnified Party upon receipt of an itemized invoice.

6. Limitation of Escrow Agent’s Liability.

(a) The Escrow Agent undertakes to perform only such duties as are expressly set forth herein and no duties shall be implied. The Escrow Agent shall have no liability under and no duty to inquire as to the provisions of any agreement other than this Escrow Agreement. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the Escrow Agent’s gross negligence or willful misconduct was the primary cause of any loss to the Purchaser, the Stockholder Representative or any of the Entitled Holders. Escrow Agent’s sole responsibility shall be for the safekeeping and disbursement of the Escrow Funds in accordance with the terms of this Escrow Agreement. Escrow Agent shall have no implied duties or obligations and shall not be charged with knowledge or notice of any fact or circumstance not specifically set forth herein. Escrow Agent may rely upon any notice, instruction, request or other instrument, not only as to its due execution, validity and effectiveness, but also as to the truth and accuracy of any information contained therein, which Escrow Agent shall believe to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the person or parties purporting to sign the same. In no event shall Escrow Agent be liable for incidental, indirect, special, consequential or punitive damages (including, but not limited to lost profits), even if the Escrow Agent has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action. Escrow Agent shall not be obligated to take any legal action or commence any proceeding in connection with the Escrow Funds, any account in which Escrow Funds are deposited, this Escrow Agreement or the Purchase Agreement, or to appear in, prosecute or defend any such legal action or proceeding. Escrow Agent may consult legal counsel selected by it in the event of any dispute or question as to the construction of any of the provisions hereof or of any other agreement or of its duties hereunder, or relating to any dispute involving any party hereto, and shall incur no liability and shall be fully indemnified from any liability whatsoever in acting in accordance with the opinion or instruction of such counsel. Purchaser and Stockholder Representative, jointly and severally, shall promptly pay, upon demand, the reasonable fees and expenses of any such counsel.

(b) From and at all times after the date of this Escrow Agreement, Purchaser and Stockholder Representative, jointly and severally, shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, indemnify and hold harmless Escrow Agent and each director, officer, employee, attorney, agent

 

36


and affiliate of Escrow Agent (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) against any and all actions, claims (whether or not valid), losses, damages, liabilities, costs and expenses of any kind or nature whatsoever (including without limitation reasonable attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses) incurred by or asserted against any of the Indemnified Parties from and after the date hereof, whether direct, indirect or consequential, as a result of or arising from or in any way relating to any claim, demand, suit, action or proceeding (including any inquiry or investigation) by any person, including without limitation Purchaser and Stockholder Representative, whether threatened or initiated, asserting a claim for any legal or equitable remedy against any person under any statute or regulation, including, but not limited to, any federal or state securities laws, or under any common law or equitable cause or otherwise, arising from or in connection with the negotiation, preparation, execution, performance or failure of performance of this Escrow Agreement or any transactions contemplated herein, whether or not any such Indemnified Party is a party to any such action, proceeding, suit or the target of any such inquiry or investigation; provided, however, that no Indemnified Party shall have the right to be indemnified hereunder for any liability finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, subject to no further appeal, to have resulted solely from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnified Party. The obligations of Purchaser and Stockholder Representative under this Section 6 shall survive any termination of this Escrow Agreement.

7. Termination. If the monies constituting the Escrow Account are reduced to zero, or have been released pursuant to the terms of this Escrow Agreement, this Escrow Agreement shall immediately terminate and be of no further force or effect, and no further fees or expenses shall be invoiced by the Escrow Agent pursuant hereto except for unbilled fees or expenses incurred by the Escrow Agent prior to such time.

8. Successor Escrow Agent. In the event the Escrow Agent becomes unavailable or unwilling to continue as escrow agent under this Agreement, the Escrow Agent may resign and be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder by giving its written resignation to the parties to this Agreement. In addition, the Escrow Agent may be removed at any time, with or without cause, upon 30 days’ prior written notice delivered to the Escrow Agent and executed by both the Purchaser and Stockholder Representative. Such resignation or removal shall take effect not less than thirty (30) days after notice is given to all parties hereto. In such event, the Purchaser may appoint, with the consent of the Stockholder Representative, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, a successor Escrow Agent, which shall be a commercial bank, trust company or other financial institution with a combined capital and surplus in excess of $100,000,000 (unless otherwise agreed by the parties hereto in writing), that will be an unrelated third party with respect to each of the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative. If the Purchaser fails to appoint a successor Escrow Agent within fifteen (15) days after receiving the Escrow Agent’s written resignation, the Escrow Agent shall have the right to apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Escrow Agent. The successor Escrow Agent shall execute and deliver to the Escrow Agent an instrument accepting such appointment, and the successor Escrow Agent shall, without further acts, be vested with all the estates, property rights, powers and duties of the predecessor Escrow Agent as if originally named as Escrow Agent herein. The Escrow Agent shall act in accordance with written instructions from

 

37


the Purchaser and the Stockholder Representative as to the transfer of the Escrow Account to a successor escrow agent.

9. Identifying Information. Purchaser and Stockholder Representative acknowledge that a portion of the identifying information set forth on Schedule B is being requested by the Escrow Agent in connection with the USA Patriot Act, Pub.L.107-56 (the “Act”), and Purchaser and Stockholder Representative agree to provide any additional information requested by the Escrow Agent in connection with the Act or any similar legislation or regulation to which Escrow Agent is subject, in a timely manner. Purchaser and Stockholder Representative each represent that all identifying information set forth on Schedule B, including without limitation, its Taxpayer Identification Number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service or any other taxing authority, is true and complete on the date hereof and will be true and complete at the time of any disbursement of the Escrow Funds.

10. Miscellaneous.

(a) Amendment; Waiver. Any agreement on the part of a party to any extension or waiver of any provision hereof shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed on behalf of such party. A waiver by a party of the performance of any covenant, agreement, obligation, condition, representation or warranty shall not be construed as a waiver of any other covenant, agreement, obligation, condition, representation or warranty. A waiver by any party of the performance of any act shall not constitute a waiver of the performance of any other act or an identical act required to be performed at a later time. This Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented except by written agreement of the parties.

(b) Notices. All notices, consents, waivers and other communications required or permitted by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given to a party when (a) delivered to the appropriate address by hand or by nationally recognized overnight courier service (costs prepaid); or (b) sent by facsimile or e-mail with confirmation of transmission by the transmitting equipment confirmed with a copy delivered as provided in clause (a), in each case to the following addresses, facsimile numbers or e-mail addresses and marked to the attention of the person (by name or title) designated below (or to such other address, facsimile number, e-mail address or person as a party may designate by notice to the other parties):

if to the Purchaser:

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

105 Digital Drive

Novato, CA 94949

Attention: Jean Jacques Bienaime, Chief Executive Officer

Fax no.: (415) 382-7889

E mail address: jbienaime@bmrn.com

with a mandatory copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice):

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

 

38


105 Digital Drive

Novato, CA 94949

Attention: G. Eric Davis, General Counsel

Fax no.: (415) 382-7889

E mail address: edavis @bmrn.com

if to the Stockholder Representative:

Aceras BioMedical, LLC

1251 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Attention: John D. Liatos

Fax no.: (646) 336-4983

E-mail address: jliatos@acerasbio.com

with a mandatory copy to (which copy shall not constitute notice):

Wyrick, Robbins, Yates & Ponton LLP

4101 Lake Boone Trail, Suite 300

Raleigh, NC 27607

Attention: W. David Mannheim

Fax no.: (919) 781-4865

E-mail address: dmannheim@wyrick.com

if to the Escrow Agent:

U.S. Bank National Association

Corporate Trust Services

100 Wall Street, Suite 1600

New York, NY 10005

Attention: Jean Clarke

Fax no.: (212) 361-6153

E-mail address: jean.clarke@usbank.com

(c) Interpretation. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Agreement to Sections and Exhibits refer to the Sections and Exhibits to this Agreement. The

 

39


words “include,” “includes” and “including” when used herein shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. All references to dollar amounts contained in this Agreement shall mean United States dollars. References in this Agreement to any gender include references to all genders, and references to the singular include references to the plural and vice versa. Unless the context otherwise requires, the words “hereof,” “hereby” and “herein” and words of similar meaning when used in this Agreement refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular Article, Section or provision of this Agreement.

(d) Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the other agreements referred to herein constitute the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among or between any of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.

(e) Parties in Interest. Except as expressly provided herein, none of the provisions of this Agreement is intended to provide any rights or remedies to any Person other than the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns (if any).

(f) Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, the other provisions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. Any provision of this Agreement held invalid or unenforceable only in part or degree will remain in full force and effect to the extent not held invalid or unenforceable.

(g) Governing Law; Jurisdiction and Venue.

 

  (i) This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with, and governed in all respects by, the internal laws of the State of New York (without giving effect to principles of conflicts of laws).

 

  (ii) Any legal action or other legal proceeding relating to this Agreement or the enforcement of any provision of this Agreement shall be brought or otherwise commenced exclusively in any state or federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York. Each party to this Agreement:

 

  (1) expressly and irrevocably consents and submits to the jurisdiction of each state and federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York (and each appellate court located in the State of New York), in connection with any legal proceeding;

 

  (2) agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by U.S. mail addressed to him at the address set forth in Section 10(b) shall constitute effective service of such process, summons, notice or document for purposes of any such legal proceeding;

 

40


  (3) agrees that each state and federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York, shall be deemed to be a convenient forum; and

 

  (4) agrees not to assert (by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise), in any such legal proceeding commenced in any state or federal court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, State of New York, any claim by either the Company or the Purchaser that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of such court, that such legal proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of such proceeding is improper or that this Agreement or the subject matter of this Agreement may not be enforced in or by such court.

(h) Rules of Construction. The parties hereto agree that they have been represented by counsel during the negotiation and execution of this Agreement and, therefore, waive the application of any law, regulation, holding or rule of construction providing that ambiguities in an agreement or other document will be construed against the party drafting such agreement or document.

(i) Assignment and Successors. No party may assign any of its rights or delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties, except that the Purchaser may assign any of its rights and delegate any of its obligations under this Agreement to any Affiliate of the Purchaser. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement will apply to, be binding in all respects upon and inure to the benefit of the successors and permitted assigns of the parties.

(j) Tax Reporting Information and Certification of Tax Identification Numbers. The parties hereto agree that, for tax reporting purposes, all interest on or other income, if any, attributable to the Escrow Account or any other amount held in escrow by the Escrow Agent pursuant to this Agreement shall be allocable to the Entitled Holders in accordance with their proportionate interest in the Escrow Account set forth on Exhibit A. The Stockholder Representative agrees to provide the Escrow Agent with certified tax identification numbers for each Entitled Holder by causing each Entitled Holder to complete, sign and return a Form W-9 (or Form W-8, in the case of non-U.S. persons) and any other forms and documents that the Escrow Agent may reasonably request (collectively, “Tax Reporting Documentation”) to the Escrow Agent within 30 days after the date hereof. The parties hereto understand that, if such Tax Reporting Documentation is not so furnished to the Escrow Agent, the Escrow Agent shall be required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to withhold a portion of any interest or other income earned on the investment of monies or other property held by the Escrow Agent pursuant to this Agreement, and to immediately remit such withholding to the Internal Revenue Service. The sole tax reporting obligation of the Escrow Agent shall be to file form 1099 INT with the Internal Revenue Service with respect to interest earnings paid to the Entitled Holders and to provide copies thereof to the Entitled Holders.

 

41


(k) Further Assurances. Each party hereto shall execute and cause to be delivered to each other party hereto such instruments and other documents, and shall take such other actions, as such other party may reasonably request (prior to, at or after the Closing) for the purpose of carrying out or evidencing any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

42


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly caused this Escrow Agreement to be executed as of the day and year first above written.

 

PURCHASER:
BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC.,
a Delaware corporation
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

STOCKHOLDER REPRESENTATIVE:
ACERAS BIOMEDICAL, LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

ESCROW AGENT:
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,
a national banking association
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

A-1


EXHIBIT A

 

ENTITLED HOLDER

   PROPORTIONATE INTEREST
IN ESCROW ACCOUNT
 

Aceras BioMedical, LLC

   94.98

Richard Stewart

   3.54

Anthony Clarke

   1.48

 

A-2


EXHIBIT B

ESCROW AGENT

SCHEDULE OF FEES

 

Escrow Agent Fee:

   $ 3,000.00

 

A-3


STOCKHOLDER DISCLOSURE SCHEDULE

TO

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY AND STOCKHOLDERS

[****]

 

[****] = Certain confidential information contained in this document, marked by brackets, has been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

A-4

EX-21.1 3 dex211.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. Subsidiaries of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

Exhibit 21.1

 

Subsidiaries of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. as of December 31, 2009

 

Name


  

Jurisdiction of Incorporation


BioMarin Europe Ltd.

   Ireland

BioMarin Argentina S.R.L

   Argentina

BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

   Delaware, USA
EX-23.1 4 dex231.htm CONSENT OF KPMG LLP Consent of KPMG LLP

Exhibit 23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.:

 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 333-136963, 333-84787, and 333-85368) on Form S-8 of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and subsidiaries of our reports dated February 25, 2010, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, which reports appear in the December 31, 2009 annual report on Form 10-K of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.

 

Our reports were based on our audits and the report of other auditors.

 

/s/ KPMG LLP

 

San Francisco, California

February 25, 2010

EX-23.2 5 dex232.htm CONSENT OF PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS, LLP Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP

Exhibit 23.2

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-136963, 333-85368, 333-84787) of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. of our report dated February 25, 2008 relating to the financial statement of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC, which appears in this Form 10-K.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

    February 24, 2010

EX-31.1 6 dex311.htm CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Jean-Jacques Bienaimé, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 25, 2010

 

/s/ JEAN-JACQUES BIENAIMÉ

Jean-Jacques Bienaimé

Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2 7 dex312.htm CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Jeffrey H. Cooper, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  (a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  (c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 25, 2010

 

/s/ JEFFREY H. COOPER        

Jeffrey H. Cooper

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1 8 dex321.htm CERTIFICATION OF CEO AND CFO PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to Section 906

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Jean-Jacques Bienaimé, and Jeffrey H. Cooper, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

/s/ JEAN-JACQUES BIENAIMÉ

Jean-Jacques Bienaimé

Chief Executive Officer

February 25, 2010

/s/ JEFFREY H. COOPER

Jeffrey H. Cooper

Chief Financial Officer

February 25, 2010

EX-99.1 9 dex991.htm BIOMARIN/GENZYME LLC CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BioMarin/Genzyme LLC Consolidated Financial Statements

Exhibit 99.1

BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

     Page(s)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm    1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 (unaudited)    2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 (unaudited) and 2007    3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 (unaudited) and 2007    4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Venturers’ Capital for each of the Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 (unaudited)

   5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements    6 – 12


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Steering Committee of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, of cash flows and of changes in Venturers’ capital present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and cash flows of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Joint Venture’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

    February 25, 2008


BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

Consolidated Balance Sheet

(Amounts in thousands)

 

     December 31,
2008
    
     (Unaudited)
ASSETS   

Current assets:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 2,991
      

Total current assets

     2,991
      

Total assets

   $ 2,991
      
LIABILITIES AND VENTURERS’ CAPITAL   

Current liabilities:

  

Due to BioMarin Companies

   $ 257

Due to Genzyme Corporation

     988
      

Total liabilities

     1,245
      

Commitments and contingencies (Note J)

     —  

Venturers’ capital:

  

Venturers’ capital—BioMarin Companies

     873

Venturers’ capital—Genzyme Corporation

     873
      

Total Venturers’ capital

     1,746
      

Total liabilities and Venturers’ capital

   $ 2,991
      

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 


BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands)

 

     For the Years Ended
December 31,
     2008     2007
     (Unaudited)      

Revenues:

    

Net product sales

   $ —        $ 123,671
              

Operating costs and expenses:

    

Cost of products sold

     —          27,110

Selling, general and administrative

     180        24,682

Research and development

     4,452        11,825
              

Total operating costs and expenses

     4,632        63,617
              

Income from operations

     (4,632     60,054

Interest income

     198        766
              

Net income (loss)

   $ (4,434   $ 60,820
              

Net income (loss) attributable to each Venturer:

    

BioMarin Companies

   $ (2,217   $ 30,410
              

Genzyme Corporation

   $ (2,217   $ 30,410
              

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)

 

     For the Years Ended
December 31,
 
     2008     2007  
     (Unaudited)        

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

    

Net income (loss)

   $ (4,434   $ 60,820   

Reconciliation of net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities:

    

Amortization expense

     —          73   

Charge for impaired assets

     138        —     

Noncash charge for inventory write down

     —          —     

Increase (decrease) in cash from working capital changes:

    

Accounts receivable

     —          (7,147

Inventories

     —          (1,417

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     42        (602

Due to (from) BioMarin Companies

     257        491   

Due to (from) Genzyme Corporation

     988        (3,079

Accrued expenses

     —          (200

Deferred revenue

     —          8   
                

Cash flows from operating activities

     (3,009     48,947   

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

    

Change in restricted cash

     —          340   
                

Cash flows from investing activities

     —          340   
                

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

    

Capital distribution to BioMarin Companies

     (18,770     (17,100

Capital distribution to Genzyme Corporation

     (6,595     (17,100

Capital contribution to BioMarin Companies

     1,750        —     

Capital contribution to Genzyme Corporation

     1,750        —     
                

Cash flows from financing activities

     (21,865     (34,200
                

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (24,874     15,087   

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     27,865        12,778   
                

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 2,991      $ 27,865   
                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Venturers’ Capital

(Amounts in thousands)

 

     Venturers’ Capital        
     BioMarin
Companies
    Genzyme
Corporation
    Total
Venturers’
Capital
 

Balance at December 31, 2006

   $ 31,695      $ 31,694      $ 63,389   

2007 capital distributions

     (17,100     (17,100     (34,200

2007 net income

     30,410        30,410        60,820   
                        

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 45,005      $ 45,004      $ 90,009   

2008 capital distributions (unaudited)

     (43,665     (43,664     (87,329

2008 capital contributions (unaudited)

     1,750        1,750        3,500   

2008 net loss (unaudited)

     (2,217     (2,217     (4,434
                        

Balance at December 31, 2008 (unaudited)

   $ 873      $ 873      $ 1,746   
                        

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


BioMarin/Genzyme LLC

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

A. Nature of Business and Organization

BioMarin/Genzyme LLC, or the Joint Venture, is a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Joint Venture is owned:

 

   

50% by BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., which is referred to as BioMarin, and BioMarin Genetics, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of BioMarin. BioMarin and its subsidiary are referred to as the BioMarin Companies; and

 

   

50% by Genzyme Corporation, which is referred to as Genzyme.

The BioMarin Companies and Genzyme are collectively referred to as the Venturers and individually as a Venturer. The Joint Venture was organized in September 1998 to develop and commercialize Aldurazyme®, a recombinant form of the human enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, used to treat a lysosomal storage disorder known as mucopolysaccharidosis I, or MPS I. The Joint Venture commenced operations as of September 4, 1998.

The Joint Venture, BioMarin Companies and Genzyme entered into a Collaboration Agreement dated as of September 4, 1998. Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, Genzyme and the BioMarin Companies granted to the Joint Venture a world-wide, exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free right and license or sublicense to develop, manufacture and market Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I and other alpha-L-iduronidase deficiencies. All program-related costs are equally funded by BioMarin, on behalf of the BioMarin Companies, and Genzyme. BioMarin and Genzyme are required to make monthly capital contributions to the Joint Venture to fund budgeted operating costs, as necessary. If either BioMarin or Genzyme fails to make two or more of the monthly capital contributions, and the other party does not exercise its right to terminate the Collaboration Agreement or compel performance of the funding obligation, the defaulting party’s (or, in the case of default by BioMarin, the BioMarin Companies’) percentage interest in the Joint Venture and future funding responsibility will be adjusted proportionately. In 2008 both Venturers contributed $1.75 million to the Joint Venture. No contributions were made in 2007 and 2006 because the Joint Venture was profitable in both periods.

The Steering Committee of the Joint Venture serves as the governing body of the Joint Venture and is responsible for determining the overall strategy for the program, coordinating activities of the Venturers as well as performing other such functions as appropriate. The Steering Committee is comprised of an equal number of representatives of each Venturer.

On April 30, 2003, the United States Food and Drug Administration, commonly referred to as the FDA, granted marketing approval for Aldurazyme as an enzyme replacement therapy for patients with the Hurler and Hurler-Scheie forms of MPS I, and Scheie patients with moderate to severe symptoms. Aldurazyme has been granted orphan drug status in the United States, which generally provides seven years of market exclusivity. On June 11, 2003, the European Commission granted marketing approval for Aldurazyme to treat the non-neurological manifestations of MPS I in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of the disease. Aldurazyme has been granted orphan drug status in the European Union, which generally provides ten years of market exclusivity. In October 2006, Japan’s Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry granted marketing approval for Aldurazyme, the first specific treatment approved in Japan for patients with MPS I. Aldurazyme has been granted orphan drug status in Japan, which generally provides ten years of market exclusivity.

On January 1, 2008, the BioMarin Companies and Genzyme restructured the Joint Venture. Instead of sharing all costs and profits equally, Genzyme will record sales of Aldurazyme and will pay BioMarin a tiered payment ranging from approximately 39.5% to 50% of worldwide net product sales, which will also be recorded by BioMarin as product revenue. Certain research and development activities related to Aldurazyme and intellectual property will continue to be managed by the Joint Venture on an equal basis.

 

B. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Joint Venture is considered a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes. As such, items of income, loss, deductions and credits flow through to the Venturers. The Venturers have responsibility for the payment of any income taxes on their proportionate share of the taxable income of the Joint Venture.


The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 have been audited.

Accounting Method

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the accrual method of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Fiscal Year End

The Venturers have determined that the fiscal year end of the Joint Venture is December 31.

Use of Estimates

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the Joint Venture is required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in its consolidated financial statements. The Joint Venture’s actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, consisting principally of money market funds with initial maturities of three months or less, are valued at cost plus accrued interest, which the Joint Venture believes approximates their fair market value. All of the Joint Venture’s cash is held on deposit at one financial institution.

Inventories

Prior to January 1, 2008, inventories were valued at cost or, if lower, fair value. The Venturers determined the cost of raw materials using the average cost method and the cost of work in process and finished goods using the specific identification method. The Venturers analyzed the Joint Venture’s inventory levels quarterly and wrote down to its net realizable value:

 

   

inventory that had become obsolete;

 

   

inventory that had a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value;

 

   

inventory in excess of expected requirements; and

 

   

expired inventory.

In January 2008, all inventory was distributed to the BioMarin Companies.

Comprehensive Income

The Joint Venture reports comprehensive income in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No., or FAS, 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 does not differ from the reported net income.

Transactions with Affiliates

Prior to January 1, 2008, Genzyme commercialized Aldurazyme in the United States, Canada, the European Union, Latin America and the Asia Pacific regions and, as a result, conducted sales and collected cash from product sales in those territories on behalf of the Joint Venture. The majority of the Joint Venture’s operating expenses consist of project expenses incurred by the Venturers, either for internal operating costs or for third-party obligations incurred by the Venturers on behalf of the Joint Venture which are then charged to the Joint Venture. All charges to the Joint Venture are subject to approval by the Steering Committee. The determination of the amount of internal operating costs incurred by each Venturer on behalf of the Joint Venture requires significant judgment by each Venturer. As a result, the consolidated financial statements for the


Joint Venture may not be indicative of the results that would have occurred had the Joint Venture obtained all of its manufacturing, commercialization and research and development services from third-party entities. The Joint Venture owes Genzyme Corporation $1.0 million at December 31, 2008 for project expenses incurred on behalf of the Joint Venture. The Joint Venture owed BioMarin Companies a total of $0.2 million at December 31, 2008 for project expenses incurred on behalf of the Joint Venture.

Translation of Foreign Currencies

Prior to January 1, 2008, the Joint Venture translated the financial transactions performed by Genzyme’s foreign subsidiaries on behalf of the Joint Venture from local currency into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate prevailing during each period. The Joint Venture included any gains and losses on these transactions in selling, general and administrative expenses in its results of operations. Under the updated agreement only project expenses incurred by the Venturers are charged to the Joint Venture. In 2008 all expenses incurred on behalf of the Joint Venture were in U.S. dollars. No foreign currency transaction gains or losses were incurred in 2008. Selling, general and administrative expenses includes foreign currency transaction net gains of $2.0 million in 2007.

Derivative Instruments

Prior to January 1, 2008, in accordance with FAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” the Joint Venture recognized all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in its balance sheet and measured those instruments at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value were reflected in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether the derivative instrument was designated as part of a hedge relationship and, if it was, the type of hedge relationship.

Revenue Recognition

Prior to January 1, 2008, the Joint Venture recognized revenue from product sales when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, the product had been delivered to the customer, title and risk of loss had passed to the customer, the price to the buyer was fixed or determinable and collection from the customer was reasonably assured. Revenue transactions were evidenced by customer purchase orders, customer contracts in certain instances, invoices and related shipping documents.

Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 01-09, “Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer or a Reseller of the Vendor’s Products,” specifies that cash consideration (including a sales incentive) given by a vendor to a customer is presumed to be a reduction of the selling prices of the vendor’s products or services and, therefore, should be characterized as a reduction of revenue. That presumption is overcome and the consideration should be characterized as a cost incurred if, and to the extent that, both of the following conditions are met:

 

   

the vendor receives, or will receive, an identifiable benefit (goods or services) in exchange for the consideration; and

 

   

the vendor can reasonably estimate the fair value of the benefit received.

Prior to January 1, 2008, the Joint Venture recorded certain fees paid to its distributors for services as operating expense where the criteria set forth above were met. In 2007 fees incurred for these services were $0.7 million.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed in the period incurred. These costs are primarily comprised of development efforts performed by the Venturers or payments to third parties made by the Venturers, both on behalf of the Joint Venture, during the respective periods.


Income Taxes

The Joint Venture is organized as a pass-through entity and accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include a provision for income taxes. Taxes, if any, are the liability of the BioMarin Companies and Genzyme, as Venturers.

 

C. Technology License Fees

In 2005, the Joint Venture paid $0.4 million for technology license fees. In 2008, as a result of the restructuring, the license fees were written off. Total amortization expense for the Joint Venture’s technology license fees was approximately $74,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007.


D. Venturers’ Capital

Venturers’ capital is comprised of capital contributions made by the Venturers to fund expenses of the Joint Venture in accordance with the Collaboration Agreement, and income (losses) allocated to the Venturers, net of cash distributions to the Venturers. All funding is shared equally by the two Venturers. As of December 31, 2008, the BioMarin Companies and Genzyme have each provided a total of $69.1 million of funding to the Joint Venture, net of $39.9 million of cash distributed by the Joint Venture to each Venturer.

On January 1, 2008 as part of the restructuring, the Joint Venture distributed the majority of its’ net assets to the Venturers. The BioMarin Companies received $24.9 million in net assets and $18.8 million in cash. Genzyme received $37.1 million in net assets and $6.6 million in cash. During 2007, the Joint Venture distributed $17.1 million of cash to each Venturer in accordance with the terms of the Collaboration Agreement. The Venturers did not make any capital contributions to the Joint Venture in 2007 because the Joint Venture had sufficient cash to meet its financial obligations. In 2008, each Venturer contributed $1.8 million to cover the operating expenses.

 

E. Commitments and Contingencies

There have been several lawsuits filed in Brazil alleging that the Joint Venture and/or its affiliates are contractually obligated to provide drugs at no cost to several patients. The Joint Venture and/or its affiliates are vigorously defending against these actions. Management of the Joint Venture is not able to predict the outcome of these cases or estimate with certainty the amount or range of any possible loss the Joint Venture might incur if the Joint Venture and/or its affiliates do not prevail in the final, non-appealable determination of these matters.

The Joint Venture periodically becomes subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in connection with its business. The Joint Venture is not able to predict the outcome of any legal proceedings, to which it may become subject in the normal course of business, or estimate the amount or range of any reasonably possible loss the Joint Venture might incur if it does not prevail in the final, non-appealable determinations of such matters. Therefore, the Joint Venture has no current accruals for these potential contingencies. The Joint Venture cannot provide you with assurance that legal proceedings will not have a material adverse impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

 

F. Segment Information

The Joint Venture operates in one business segment—human therapeutics. Disclosures about revenues by geographic area and revenues from major customers are presented below.

The following table contains revenue information by geographic area (amounts in thousands):

 

     For the Years Ended
December 31,
     2008    2007

Revenues:

     

U.S.

   $ —      $ 28,994

Europe

     —        69,335

Other

     —        25,342
             

Total

   $ —      $ 123,671
             

Prior to January 1, 2008, the Joint Venture’s results of operations were solely dependent on sales of Aldurazyme. BioMarin manufactures Aldurazyme at a single manufacturing facility in Novato, California and outsources the fill-finish process. The percentage of sales of Aldurazyme to distributors, as compared to total revenues in 2008 and 2007, were as follows:

 

     % of Total
Revenues
 
     2008     2007  

Sales to Distributors:

    

U.S. distributors

   —     9

European distributors

   —     7

Other distributors

   —     3
            

Total sales to distributors

   —     19
            


The percentage of sales of Aldurazyme to two U.S. distributors, as compared to total revenues in 2008 and 2007 were as follows:

 

     % of Total Revenues  
     2008     2007  

Sales to U.S. Distributors:

    

Distributor A

   —     3

Distributor B

   —     6
            

Total sales to U.S. distributors

   —     9
            
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