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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
These Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) for Annual Reports on Form 10-K and include the accounts of BioMarin and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Management performed an evaluation of the Company’s activities through the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and has concluded that there were no subsequent events or transactions that occurred subsequent to the balance sheet date and prior to the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K that would require recognition or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), as amended, using a modified retrospective approach. The standard has amended the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the incurred-loss model with an expected-loss model. This new standard also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than by reducing the carrying amount under the current, other-than-temporary impairment model. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2020 are presented under ASU 2016-13 and the adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company’s Financial Statements.Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted FASB ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), as amended, using a modified retrospective approach. The standard has amended the guidance for measuring and recording credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost by replacing the incurred-loss model with an expected-loss model. This new standard also requires that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded as an allowance through net income rather than by reducing the carrying amount under the previous other-than-temporary impairment model. The adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company’s Financial Statements.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future, actual results may be different from those estimates. The Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of results. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition, including revenues, expenses, reserves and allowances, manufacturing, clinical trials and research and development costs, will depend on future developments that are highly
uncertain at this time. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company’s estimates may change materially in future periods.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company treats highly liquid investments, readily convertible to cash, with original maturities of three months or less on the purchase date as cash equivalents.
Marketable Securities
Marketable Securities
The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designations at each reporting period. The Company classifies its debt and equity securities with original maturities greater than three months when purchased as either short-term or long-term investments based on each instrument’s underlying contractual maturity date and its availability for use in current operations.
All marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities are measured and recorded at fair market value with unrealized gains and losses included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, with the exception of any declines in fair value below the cost basis that are a result of a credit loss, which, if any, are reported in Other Income, Net in the current period through an allowance for credit losses. Impairment assessments are made at the individual security level each reporting period. When the fair value of an investment is less than its cost at the balance sheet date, a determination is made as to whether the impairment is related to a credit loss and, if so, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the difference between the investment’s amortized cost and fair value at such date.
Non-Marketable Equity Securities Non-Marketable Equity SecuritiesThe Company records investments in equity securities, other than equity method investments, at fair market value, if fair value is readily determinable. Equity securities with no readily determinable fair values are recorded using the measurement alternative of cost adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer less impairment, if any. Investments in equity securities are recorded in Other Assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains and losses are reported in Other Income, Net. The Company regularly reviews its non-marketable equity securities for indicators of impairment.
Inventory
Inventory
Commercial Inventory
The Company values inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value and determines the cost of inventory using the average-cost method. The Company analyzes its inventory levels quarterly for obsolescence and, if required, adjusts inventory to its net realizable value if the cost basis of inventory is in excess of its expected net realizable value, or for quantities in excess of expected demand. If the Company determines cost exceeds its net realizable value, the resulting adjustments are recognized as Cost of Sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Inventory Produced Prior to Regulatory Approval
When future commercialization for a product candidate is considered probable and management believes that material uncertainties related to the ultimate regulatory approval have been significantly reduced and the Company expects to realize economic benefit in the future, the Company capitalizes pre-launch or pre-qualification manufacturing costs prior to regulatory approval. For inventories that are capitalized in preparation of product launch, a number of factors are taken into consideration based on information available at the time, including the product candidate’s current status in the drug development and regulatory approval process, results from the related pivotal clinical trial, results from meetings with the relevant regulatory authorities prior to the filing of regulatory applications, historical experience, as well as potential impediments to the approval process such as product safety or efficacy, as well as commercialization and market trends. If additional requirements are subsequently presented by the regulatory authorities, prior to their final decision thus extending anticipated regulatory approval timelines resulting in expiration of the product prior to revised demand forecasts, the pre-launch inventory costs are expensed to Cost of Sales. If the marketing
application is ultimately rejected by the applicable regulators and the pre-launch inventory cannot be sold for commercial use, the pre-launch inventory costs are expensed to Research and Development (R&D).
Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the related estimated useful lives, as presented in the table below. Significant additions and improvements are capitalized, whereas repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment are included in Cost of Sales, R&D and Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A), as appropriate, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Property and equipment purchased for specific R&D projects with no alternative future uses are expensed as incurred and recorded to R&D in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leasehold improvementsShorter of life of asset or lease term
Building and improvements
20 to 50 years
Manufacturing and laboratory equipment
5 to 15 years
Computer hardware and software
3 to 7 years
Office furniture and equipment5 years
Vehicles5 years
Land improvements
10 to 20 years
LandNot applicable
Construction-in-progressNot applicable
Leases
Leases
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842, Leases. The amended guidance required balance sheet recognition of lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and liabilities by lessees for leases classified as operating leases. The Company adopted ASC Topic 842 using the modified retrospective method for all lease arrangements at the beginning of the period of adoption through a cumulative adjustment to Accumulated Deficit.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. For leases where the Company is the lessee, ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the term of the lease and the lease liabilities represent the lease payment obligation. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date of the underlying lease arrangement to determine the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also includes any prepaid lease payments and any lease incentives received. The lease term to calculate the ROU asset and related lease liability includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option. The Company’s lease agreements generally do not contain any material variable lease payments, residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while expense for financing leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense using the accelerated interest method of recognition. When an arrangement requires payments for lease and non-lease components, the Company has elected to account for lease and non-lease components separately. Lease expense for leases with a term of twelve months or less is recognized on a straight-line basis and are not included in the recognized ROU assets and lease liabilities.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company records goodwill in a business combination when the total consideration exceeds the fair value of the assets acquired. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are related to purchased in-process research and development (IPR&D) projects and are measured at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. Intangible assets related to IPR&D projects are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated R&D efforts. If and when development is complete, which generally occurs if and when regulatory approval to market a product is obtained, the associated assets are considered finite-lived and are amortized using the straight-line method based on their respective estimated useful lives at that point in time. The amortization of these intangible assets is included in Intangible Asset Amortization and Contingent Consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Impairment
Impairment
The Company assesses its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment by comparing the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the difference would be recorded.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment first by performing a qualitative assessment. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, then the Company will perform a quantitative assessment and record an impairment loss. Impairment charges that are not material are recorded to Intangible Asset Amortization and Contingent Consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Long-lived Asset Impairment
The Company’s long-lived assets consist of property, plant and equipment, leased ROU assets and finite-lived intangible assets. Should there be an indication of impairment, the Company tests for recoverability by comparing the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition to the carrying amount of the asset or asset group. Any excess of the carrying value of the asset or asset group over its estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. Impairment charges related to property, plant or equipment that are not material are recorded to depreciation expense and presented in SG&A in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Impairment charges related to finite-lived intangible assets that are not material are recorded to Intangible Asset Amortization and Contingent Consideration in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of ASC Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps:
(i)identification of the promised goods or services in the contract;
(ii)determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract;
(iii)measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;
(iv)allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and
(v)recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account.
Net Product Revenues
In the U.S., the Company’s commercial products, except for Palynziq and Aldurazyme, are generally sold to specialty pharmacies or end-users, such as hospitals, which act as retailers. Palynziq is distributed in the U.S. through certain certified specialty pharmacies under the Palynziq Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) and Aldurazyme is marketed world-wide by Sanofi Genzyme (Genzyme). Outside the U.S., the Company’s commercial products are sold to its authorized distributors or directly to government purchasers or hospitals, which act as the end-users. Revenues from product sales are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon shipment to the customer. Amounts collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities, which primarily consist of value-added taxes related to product sales in foreign jurisdictions, are presented on a net basis on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, in that taxes billed to customers are not included as a component of Net Product Revenues.
For Aldurazyme revenues, the Company receives a payment ranging from 39.5% to 50% on worldwide net Aldurazyme sales by Genzyme depending on sales volume, which is included in Net Product Revenues on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recognizes its best estimate of the revenue it expects to earn when the product is released and control is transferred to Genzyme. The Company records Aldurazyme net product revenues based on the estimated variable consideration payable when the product is sold through by Genzyme. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. Differences between the estimated variable consideration to be received from Genzyme
and actual payments received are not expected to be material. If actual results vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will make adjustments, which would affect Net Product Revenues and earnings in the period such variances become known.
Revenue Reserves
Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from government rebates, sales returns, and other incentives that are offered within contracts between the Company and its customers, such as specialty pharmacies, hospitals, authorized distributors and government purchasers. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the customer) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer). Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as the Company’s historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates, however the Company does not expect any such difference to be material. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company will adjust its estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.
Government Rebates: The Company records reserves for rebates payable under Medicaid and other government programs as a reduction of revenue at the time product revenues are recorded. The Company’s reserve calculations require estimates, including estimates of customer mix, to determine which sales will be subject to rebates and the amount of such rebates. The Company updates its estimates and assumptions on a quarterly basis and records any necessary adjustments to its reserves.
Sales Returns: The Company records allowances for product returns, if appropriate, as a reduction of revenue at the time product sales are recorded. Several factors are considered in determining whether an allowance for product returns is required, including market exclusivity of the products based on their orphan drug status, the patient population, the customers’ limited return rights and the Company’s historical experience with returns. Because of the pricing of the Company’s commercial products, the limited number of patients and the customers’ limited return rights, most customers and retailers carry a limited inventory. The Company relies on historical return rates to estimate a reserve for returns. Based on these factors and the fact that the Company has not experienced significant product returns to date, return allowances are not material.
Other Incentives: Other incentives include fees paid to the Company’s distributors and discounts for prompt payment. The Company also offers a branded co-pay assistance program for eligible patients with commercial insurance in the U.S. who are on Brineura, Kuvan or Palynziq therapy. The branded co-pay assistance programs assist commercially insured patients who have coverage for an eligible BioMarin product and are intended to reduce each participating patient’s portion of the financial responsibility of the purchase price up to a specified dollar amount of assistance. The Company records fees paid to distributors, cash discounts and amounts paid under the brand specific co-pay assistance program for each patient as a reduction of revenue.
Royalty and Other Revenues
Royalties: For arrangements that include the receipt of sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales when the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (a) when the related sales occur, or (b) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).
Licenses of intellectual property: If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company uses judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.
Milestone payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes developmental, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether achieving the milestones is considered probable and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal
would not occur, the value of the associated milestone (such as a regulatory submission by the Company) is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company, such as approvals from regulators or where attainment of the specified event is dependent on the development activities of a third party, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received or the specified event occurs. Revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of performance obligations in the amount billable to the customer.
Research and Development
Research and Development
R&D costs are generally expensed as incurred. These expenses include contract R&D services provided by third parties, preclinical and clinical studies, raw materials costs associated with manufacturing clinical product, quality control and assurance, other R&D activities, facilities and regulatory costs and R&D-related personnel costs including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation. Upfront and milestone payments made to third parties in connection with licensed intellectual property, which does not have an alternative future use or does not reach technological feasibility, are expensed as incurred up to the point of regulatory approval.
Convertible Debt
Convertible Debt
For non-conventional convertible debt that may be settled entirely or partially in cash, the Company separately accounts for the liability and equity components by allocating the proceeds from issuance between the liability component and the embedded conversion option, or equity component. The value of the equity component is calculated by first measuring the fair value of the liability component, using the interest rate of a similar liability that does not have a conversion feature, as of the issuance date. The difference between the proceeds from the convertible debt issuance and the amount measured as the liability component is recorded as the equity component with a corresponding discount recorded on the debt. The liability component is presented net of any discounts and issuance costs. For conventional convertible debt that may only be settled with common shares, the Company reports debt, net of any discounts or issuance costs, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company recognizes discount accretion and debt issuance cost amortization using the effective interest method and is reported in Interest Expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing Net Income (Loss) by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock; however, potential common equivalent shares are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has equity incentive plans under which various types of equity-based awards may be granted to employees. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period required to obtain full vesting, and is classified as Cost of Sales, R&D or SG&A, as appropriate, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Restricted Stock Units
The fair value of restricted stock units (RSUs) with service-based vesting conditions and RSUs with performance conditions is determined to be the fair market value of the Company’s underlying common stock on the date of grant. The stock-based compensation expense for RSUs with service-based vesting is recognized over the period during which the vesting restrictions lapse. Stock-based compensation expense for RSUs with performance conditions is recognized beginning in the period the Company determines it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. Management expectations related to the achievement of performance goals associated with RSUs with performance conditions are assessed regularly to determine whether such grants are expected to vest. The fair value for RSUs with market conditions is estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation model. Related stock-based compensation is recognized, beginning on the grant date, on a straight-line basis regardless of whether the market condition is met unless the required service is not performed.
Stock Options and Purchase Rights
The fair value of each stock option award and purchase rights under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the following assumptions: expected term, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. The dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid any cash dividends since inception and does not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The expected term of stock
options is based on observed historical exercise patterns. In estimating the life of stock options, the Company has identified two employee groups with distinctly different historical exercise patterns: executive and non-executive. The executive employee group has a history of holding stock options for longer periods than non-executive employees. The expected term of purchase rights for ESPP is based on each tranche of an offering period, which is four tranches in a twenty-four-month period.
The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s stock price and may use assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables.
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company calculates and provides for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities, measured using enacted tax rates, are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax and financial statement basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance reduces the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company establishes liabilities or reduces assets for uncertain tax positions when the Company believes certain tax positions are not more likely than not of being sustained if challenged. Each quarter, the Company evaluates these uncertain tax positions and adjusts the related tax assets and liabilities in light of changing facts and circumstances.
The Company uses financial projections to support its net deferred tax assets, which contain significant assumptions and estimates of future operations. If such assumptions were to differ significantly, it may have a material impact on the Company’s ability to realize its deferred tax assets. At the end of each period, the Company will reassess the ability to realize its deferred tax benefits. If it is more likely than not that the Company would not realize the deferred tax benefits, a valuation allowance may need to be established against all or a portion of the deferred tax assets, which will result in a charge to tax expense.
Foreign Currency
Foreign Currency
For the Company and its subsidiaries, the functional currency has been determined to be the U.S. Dollar (USD). Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured at period-end exchange rates for monetary assets. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at historical rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses resulting from remeasurement are recognized in SG&A in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company uses forward foreign currency exchange contracts (forward contracts) to hedge certain operational exposures resulting from potential changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Such exposures result from portions of the Company’s forecasted revenues and operating expenses being denominated in currencies other than the USD, primarily the Euro. The Company designates certain of these forward contracts as hedging instruments and also enters into forward contracts that are considered to be economic hedges that are not designated as hedging instruments. Whether designated or undesignated, these forward contracts protect against the reduction in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from product revenues, royalty revenues, operating expenses and asset or liability positions designated in currencies other than the USD. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions. The Company does not hold or issue derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
The Company is exposed to counterparty credit risk on its derivatives. The Company has established and maintains strict counterparty credit guidelines and enters into hedging agreements with financial institutions that are investment grade or better to minimize the Company’s exposure to potential defaults. The Company is not required to pledge collateral under these agreements.
The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and measures them at fair value, which is estimated using current exchange rates and interest rates and takes into consideration the current creditworthiness of the counterparties or the Company, as applicable. For derivatives designated as hedging instruments, the entire change in the fair value of qualifying derivative instruments is recorded in AOCI and amounts deferred in AOCI are reclassified to earnings in the same line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings in SG&A in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the
market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use to price the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. When estimating fair value, depending on the nature and complexity of the asset or liability, the Company may use the following techniques:
Income approach, which is based on the present value of a future stream of net cash flows
Market approach, which is based on market prices and other information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
The Company’s fair value methodologies depend on the following types of inputs:
Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1 inputs)
Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities that are not active, or inputs other than quoted process that are directly or indirectly observable, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data by correlation or other means (Level 2 inputs)
Unobservable inputs that reflect estimates and assumptions (Level 3 inputs)
The Company’s Level 2 instruments are valued using third-party pricing sources. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, issuer credit spreads, benchmark securities, prepayment/default projections based on historical data and other observable inputs. The Company validates the prices provided by its third-party pricing services by understanding the models used, obtaining market values from other pricing sources, analyzing pricing data in certain instances and confirming those securities traded in active markets.
The Company’s Level 3 financial assets and liabilities include acquired intangible assets and contingent consideration resulting from business acquisitions. The estimated fair value of long-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets and contingent consideration are measured by applying a probability-based income approach utilizing an appropriate discount rate as of the acquisition date. Key assumptions used by management to estimate the fair value of contingent consideration include estimated probabilities, the estimated timing of when a milestone may be attained and assumed discount periods and rates. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration can result from changes to one or more inputs, including the estimated probability with respect to regulatory approval, changes in the assumed timing of when milestones are likely to be achieved and changes in assumed discount periods and rates. Contingent consideration is remeasured on a recurring basis and resulting changes in the fair value, due to the revision of key assumptions, are recorded in Intangible Asset Amortization and Contingent Consideration on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
See Notes 5, 10, 11, 13, 19 and 20 to these Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the nature of these financial instruments.
Segment Information
Segment Information
The Company currently operates in one segment focused on the development and commercialization of innovative therapies for people with serious and life-threatening rare diseases and medical conditions. A single management team reports to the chief operating decision maker who comprehensively manages the entire business. All products are included in one operating segment because the majority of the Company’s products have similar economic and other characteristics, including the nature of the products and production processes, type of customers, distribution methods and regulatory environment. The Company is not organized by market and is managed and operated as one business. The Company does not operate any separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to its products. Accordingly, the Company does not accumulate discrete financial information with respect to separate products, other than revenues, cost of sales and certain other operating expenses.