-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, CVX3Lthr8WijDVbitHr0bFq3mD0FDdcTS+unqt4kDtjlVPoykJcmqy4RlhQjBYRs 76w5qLesggYdEpZ6IInHGA== 0001048477-02-000020.txt : 20020415 0001048477-02-000020.hdr.sgml : 20020415 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001048477-02-000020 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20011231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20020401 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001048477 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834] IRS NUMBER: 680397820 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-26727 FILM NUMBER: 02597560 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 371 BEL MARIN KEYS BLVD STREET 2: STE 210 CITY: NOVATO STATE: CA ZIP: 94949 BUSINESS PHONE: 4158846700 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 371 BEL MARIN KEYS BLVD STREET 2: STE 210 CITY: NOVATO STATE: CA ZIP: 94949 10-K 1 financialsandnotes2002.txt BIOMARIN 10-K United States Securities and Exchange Commission Washington, D.C. 20549 Form 10-K (Mark One) [X] Annual Report Under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 Or [ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from ______________ to _____________. Commission File Number: 000-26727 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (Exact name of small business issuer as specified in its charter) Delaware 68-0397820 (State of other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) Incorporation or organization) 371 Bel Marin Keys Blvd., #210, Novato, California 94949 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number: (415) 884-6700 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.001 par value (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ----- ---- Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained in this form, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. __ The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of March 15, 2002 was $392,122,171. The number of shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding on March 15, 2002 was 52,447,402. The documents incorporated by reference are as follows: Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 29, 2002 are incorporated by reference into Part III. BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. Part I FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS This Form 10-K contains "forward-looking statements" as defined under securities laws. Many of these statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "plans," "may," "will," "projects," "continues," "estimates," "potential," "opportunity" and so on. These forward-looking statements may be found in the " Factors That May Affect Future Results," "Description of Business," and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results or experience could differ significantly from the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed in "Factors That May Affect Future Results," as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-K. You should carefully consider that information before you make an investment decision. You should not place undue reliance on these statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. These cautionary statements should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements after completion of the filing of this Form 10-K to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Item 1. Description of Business Overview We develop enzyme therapies to treat serious, life-threatening diseases and conditions. We leverage our expertise in enzyme biology to develop product candidates for the treatment of genetic diseases, including MPS I, MPS VI and PKU, as well as other critical care situations such as cardiovascular surgery and serious burns. Our product candidates address markets for which no products are currently available or where current products have been associated with major deficiencies. We focus on conditions with well-defined patient populations, including genetic diseases, which require chronic therapy. Our lead product candidate, Aldurazyme(TM), which recently completed a Phase 3 trial, is being developed for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) disease. MPS I is a debilitating and life-threatening genetic disease caused by the deficiency of (alpha)-L-iduronidase, an enzyme responsible for breaking down certain carbohydrates. MPS I is a progressive disease that afflicts patients from birth and frequently leads to severe disability and early death. There are currently no drugs on the market for the treatment of MPS I. Aldurazyme has received both fast track designation from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and orphan drug designation for the treatment of MPS I in the United States and in the European Union. The impact of these designations is discussed in the "Government Regulation" section, which begins on page 6. We are developing Aldurazyme through a joint venture with Genzyme Corporation. In collaboration with Genzyme, we completed a double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial of Aldurazyme in August 2001. On November 2, 2001, we announced positive results from this trial. On April 1, 2002, we announced that together with our joint venture partner, Genzyme, we have filed with European regulatory authorities for approval to market Aldurazyme. Our joint venture submitted a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) to the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (European Union)(or EMEA) on March 1, 2002. The EMEA has accepted our MAA and validated that it is complete and ready for scientific review. Accordingly, the EMEA's Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) will now evaluate the application to determine whether to approve Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I in all 15 member states of the European Union. Norway and Iceland also participate in the CPMP but have a seperate approval process. In the United States, we along with Genzyme have been in discussions with the FDA regarding the filing of a Biologics License Application (BLA). We plan to initiate the BLA filing as soon as possible. We are developing our second product candidate, Neutralase(TM), for reversal of anticoagulation by heparin in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, or CABG, surgery and angioplasty. We acquired rights to Neutralase through our acquisition of the pharmaceutical assets of IBEX Technologies Inc. in the fourth quarter of 2001. Heparin is a carbohydrate drug commonly used to prevent coagulation, or blood clotting, during certain types of major surgery. Neutralase is a carbohydrate-modifying enzyme that cleaves heparin, allowing coagulation of blood and aiding patient recovery following CABG surgery and angioplasty. Based on data from previous trials, we plan to initiate a Phase 3 trial in CABG surgery in 2002. In addition to Aldurazyme and Neutralase, we are developing other enzyme-based therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions. In 2001, we announced a Phase 1 trial of AryplaseTM (formerly referred to as rhASB) for the treatment of MPS VI, another seriously debilitating genetic disease. Based on data from this previous trial, we plan to initiate a Phase 2 trial of Aryplase in early 2002. We are also developing VibrilaseTM (formerly referred to as Vibriolysin Topical), a topical enzyme product for use in removing burned skin tissue in preparation for skin grafting or other therapy. We initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of Vibrilase in the United Kingdom in the fourth quarter of 2001, and expect to begin a Phase 2 clinical trial in either the United States or the United Kingdom following the completion of this Phase 1 trial. In addition, we are pursuing preclinical development of other enzyme product candidates for genetic and other diseases. 1 Recent Developments On April 1, 2002, we announced that together with our joint venture partner, Genzyme, we have filed with European regulatory authorities for approval to market Aldurazyme. Our joint venture submitted an MAA to the EMEA on March 1, 2002. The EMEA has accepted our MAA and validated that it is complete and ready for scientific review. Accordingly, the EMEA's Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) will now evaluate the application to determine whether to approve Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I in all 15 member states of the European Union. Norway and Iceland also participate in the CPMP but have a seperate approval process. In the United States, we along with Genzyme have been in discussions with the FDA regarding the filing of a BLA. We plan to initiate the BLA filing as soon as possible. On March 21, 2002, we acquired Synapse Technologies Inc. Synapse owns the rights to certain patented and proprietary technology which, based on the results of preclinical trials, has the potential to deliver therapeutic enzymes and other drugs across the blood-brain barrier by means of traditional intravenous injections. Under the terms of the agreement, we purchased 100% of the outstanding shares of Synapse for approximately $10.2 million payable in 885,242 shares of our common stock. We also may make future contingent payments of up to approximately $6 million. These payments are payable in cash or stock, at our option. On February 25, 2002, we decided to close the analytics product catalog business of our wholly-owned subsidiary, Glyko, Inc. The majority of the Glyko, Inc. employees will be incorporated into our pharmaceutical business and such employees will continue to provide necessary analytic and diagnostic support to our therapeutic products. Certain operating assets of Glyko, Inc. may be offered for sale. On February 7, 2002, we announced that we had reached a definitive agreement to acquire all of the outstanding capital stock of Glyko Biomedical Ltd. (GBL). GBL's principal asset is its 22% ownership interest in our common stock. GBL owns approximately 11.4 million shares of our common stock. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, GBL's common shareholders will receive approximately 11.4 million shares of our common stock in exchange for all of GBL's outstanding common stock. There will be no net effect on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding, as we plan to retire the existing shares of our common stock currently held by GBL upon closing. On December 12, 2001, we completed a public offering of our common stock. In the offering, we sold 8,050,000 shares, including 1,050,000 shares to cover underwriters' over-allotments, at a price to the public of $12.00 per share, or a total offering price of $96.6 million. The net proceeds, after expenses and underwriting discounts, were approximately $90.4 million. We intend to use the net proceeds from this sale of shares for: o the development and commercialization of our lead product candidate, Aldurazyme; o additional clinical trials and manufacturing of Neutralase; o preclinical studies and clinical trials for our other product candidates; o potential licenses and other acquisitions of complementary technologies and products; o general corporate purposes; and o working capital. On November 2, 2001, we along with Genzyme, announced positive results from a preliminary analysis of data from the Phase 3 clinical trial of Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I. Patients were evaluated at defined intervals to assess progress in meeting two primary endpoints. The preliminary data analysis showed a statistically significant increase in pulmonary capacity (p=0.028) and demonstrated a positive trend in endurance as measured by a six-minute walk test (p=0.066). Among other endpoints measured in the trial, the main findings of an earlier open-label study of Aldurazyme were confirmed: a reduction in liver size and a reduction in excretion of urinary glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs, the carbohydrate substances that accumulate in patients with MPS I. Based on the strength of the trial's results, we, along with Genzyme, have met jointly with U.S. and European regulatory authorities to discuss applications to market Aldurazyme. Based on these discussions, the MAA has been submitted to the EMEA. We plan to file the BLA with the FDA as soon as possible. On October 31, 2001, we acquired the pharmaceutical assets of IBEX Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries. The product candidates and technologies that we gained in this transaction, primarily the Neutralase and Phenylase programs, are complementary to our existing product portfolio and core competencies. Under the terms of the agreements, we acquired these assets in exchange for consideration of $10.4 million, with $8.4 million payable in shares of our common stock and $2.0 million payable in cash. In addition, we agreed to make contingent cash payments of up to approximately $9.5 million to IBEX upon FDA approval of products acquired from IBEX. 2 Aldurazyme Our lead product candidate, Aldurazyme, is being developed for the treatment of MPS I. MPS I is a genetic disease caused by the deficiency of (alpha)-L-iduronidase. Patients with MPS I have multiple debilitating symptoms resulting from the buildup of carbohydrate residues in all tissues in the body. These symptoms include delayed physical growth, enlarged livers and spleens, skeletal and joint deformities, airway obstruction, heart disease, reduced endurance and pulmonary function impaired hearing and vision, and in some cases, delayed mental development. Most patients with MPS I will die from complications associated with the disease as children or teenagers. About 3,400 individuals in developed countries have MPS I, including about 1,000 in the United States and Canada. There are currently no approved drugs for the treatment of MPS I. Bone marrow transplantation has been used to treat severely affected patients, generally under the age of two, with limited success. Bone marrow transplantation is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates as well as with problems inherent in the procedure itself, including graft vs. host disease, graft rejection, and donor availability, which severely limit its utility and application. Aldurazyme is a specific form of recombinant human (alpha)-L-iduronidase that replaces a genetic deficiency of (alpha)-L-iduronidase in MPS I patients, thus reduces or eliminates the build-up of certain carbohydrates in the lysosomes of cells. By eliminating this carbohydrate build-up, Aldurazyme is able to significantly reduce the physical symptoms experienced by these patients. The Phase 1 trial results of this product candidate reported no neutralizing antibodies, indicating its applicability for chronic administration. In collaboration with Genzyme, we completed a 45-patient, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial of Aldurazyme in August 2001, which was conducted at five sites in the U.S., Europe and Canada. All patients completed the trial and elected to receive Aldurazyme in an open label extension study. On November 2, 2001, we announced positive results from this trial. We intend to continue the development of this drug and recently filed an MAA with the EMEA. We plan to file a BLA with the FDA as soon as possible. Aldurazyme has received fast track designation from the FDA for the treatment of MPS I. The FDA has granted Aldurazyme orphan drug designation, which will result in exclusive rights to market Aldurazyme to treat MPS I for seven years from the date of FDA approval if Aldurazyme is the first product to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of MPS I. In addition, the European Commission has designated Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I as an orphan medicinal product, giving the potential for market exclusivity in Europe for 10 years. In September 1998, we formed a 50/50 joint venture with Genzyme for the worldwide development and commercialization of Aldurazyme. Genzyme is responsible for regulatory submissions in international markets and marketing, distribution, sales and obtaining reimbursement for Aldurazyme worldwide. We are responsible for U.S. regulatory submissions and the development and manufacturing of (alpha)-L-iduronidase. Neutralase We are developing Neutralase for the reversal of anticoagulation by heparin in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, or CABG, surgery and angioplasty. Patients undergoing CABG surgery and angioplasty are treated with heparin to prevent coagulation during surgery. Once the procedure is completed, anticoagulant reversal agents are administered to prevent excessive bleeding. Currently, protamine is the only product commercially available for the reversal of heparin anticoagulation. In medical studies, protamine has been associated with adverse side effects, such as abnormal changes in blood pressure, depression of heart function and acute allergic reactions. There were approximately 571,000 CABG procedures and 1,069,000 angioplasties in the United States in 1999 (as published by the American Heart Association in their 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update) that could have potentially benefited from heparin reversal. We believe that an additional substantial market opportunity exists in Europe and the rest of the world. We believe Neutralase has the potential to reverse heparin anticoagulation without many of the serious side effects associated with protamine. Neutralase is a carbohydrate-modifying enzyme that breaks down heparin in a manner that inactivates heparin's anticoagulation effect and restores the normal coagulation of blood. Neutralase has the potential for use as a reversal agent for heparin anticoagulation in open-heart surgery such as CABG procedures, interventional cardiology procedures such as angioplasty, and in other procedures where heparin or heparin-like anticoagulants are used, such as in hip and knee surgeries. Data from Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials suggest that Neutralase can reverse heparin anticoagulation without the adverse changes in blood pressure associated with protamine usage. Building on the work undertaken so far, we intend to initiate a Phase 3 trial for CABG in 2002, followed by a Phase 2B trial for angioplasty. 3 Other Product Development Programs Aryplase We are developing recombinant, human N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (Aryplase) for the treatment of MPS VI, a debilitating genetic disease similar to MPS I. Aryplase has received fast track designation from the FDA as well as orphan drug designation for the treatment of MPS VI in the United States and in the European Union. Based on clinical data to date, we plan to initiate a Phase 2 trial of Aryplase early in 2002. Vibrilase We are developing Vibrilase for use in removing burned skin in preparation for skin grafting or other therapy. In the fourth quarter of 2001, we initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of this product candidate in the United Kingdom, and expect to begin a Phase 2 clinical trial in either the United States or the United Kingdom following the completion of this Phase 1 trial. Phenylase We are developing Phenylase as an oral enzyme therapy for patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) a genetic disease in which the body cannot properly metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. If left untreated, elevated levels of phenylalanine lead to brain damage and severe mental retardation. Phenylase is currently in preclinical development. BioMarin's Strategy Our strategy is to develop therapeutic enzyme products to treat a variety of diseases and conditions. The principal elements of this strategy are to: Develop and successfully commercialize our lead product candidates We are seeking to develop and globally commercialize Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I, Neutralase for the reversal of anticoagulation agents, Aryplase for MPS VI, and Vibrilase for serious burns, each of which is in human clinical testing. With regard to Aldurazyme,in concert with our joint venture partner, Genzyme, we are developing strategies for the effective launch of this product. We believe we will benefit from Genzyme's marketing organization, which has extensive worldwide experience marketing drugs to well-defined patient populations with chronic genetic diseases. Continue to build a diversified portfolio of product candidates In addition to the products in human clinical testing noted above, we are conducting research on other enzyme products, including those intended to treat phenylketonuria (Phenylase), ischemia (Extravase), and diseases in which it is necessary to treat the brain (Synapse.) Target underserved markets We intend to continue to target market opportunities where there is little or no competition, such as the markets for MPS I and MPS VI. We also target markets where we believe that our technology will enable us to become a market leader in a relatively short time period, such as the market for Neutralase. Our strategy is to avoid situations where market differentiation is a function of marketing strength and not technical expertise. Seek to license or acquire complementary products and technologies We intend to supplement our internal drug discovery efforts through the acquisition of products and technologies that complement our general product development strategy. Two examples of this are our recent acquisition of the pharmaceutical assets of IBEX Technologies, which added three complementary product candidates to our portfolio and our acquisition of Synapse Technologies, Inc., which added technology intended to enable certain drug products to cross the blood-brain-barrier by means of traditional intravenous injection. We intend to continue to identify, evaluate and pursue the licensing or acquisition of other strategically valuable products and organizations. Leverage our core competencies We believe that we have significant expertise in enzyme biology and manipulation, which we have used to establish a strong platform for the development of enzyme-related pharmaceutical products. We intend to leverage these competencies to develop high-value products for markets with unmet medical needs. When strategically advantageous, we may seek partnerships with industry leaders for the further advancement of our product candidates. 4 Manufacturing The drug candidates we are currently developing require the manufacture of recombinant enzymes. For our genetic disease programs, we expect to manufacture the bulk enzymes. We believe that we will be able to manufacture sufficient quantities of our genetic disease drug products for clinical trials and commercial sales in part because relatively low doses are required for treatment and because the targeted patient populations are small. In general, we expect to contract with outside service providers for certain manufacturing services, including final product fill and finish operations and bulk enzyme production for clinical and early commercial production where the production requirements exceed our manufacturing capacity. In the first quarter of 2000, we began production of Aldurazyme for clinical requirements including the Phase 3 clinical trial and other clinical studies. The bulk production is being done in our Galli Drive (Novato, California) manufacturing facility. Following the recently completed expansion, Galli is a 51,800 square foot cGMP production facility including support areas, housing utilities, laboratories and administrative functions. We expect to support the commercial launch of Aldurazyme from this facility. Vialing and packaging will be performed using either our joint venture partner or contract manufacturers. In 2000, the manufacturing facilities in Novato were inspected and subsequently licensed by the State of California Food and Drug Branch for the production of clinical trial material. These facilities will be inspected by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in connection with the BLA and other marketing applications. These facilities, and those of any third-party manufacturers, will be subject to periodic inspections confirming compliance with applicable law. Our facilities must be cGMP certified before we can manufacture our drugs for commercial sales. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in the shutdown of our facilities, fines or other penalties. Sales and Marketing We have no experience marketing or selling pharmaceutical products. To commercially market our products once the necessary regulatory approvals are obtained, we must either develop our own sales and marketing force or enter into arrangements with third parties. We established a joint venture with Genzyme for the worldwide development and commercialization of Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I. Under the joint venture, Genzyme will be responsible for marketing, distribution, sales and obtaining reimbursement of Aldurazyme worldwide. In the future, we may develop the capability to market and sell our drug products that are targeted at small or concentrated patient populations. In many cases, we believe that these patient populations are typically well-informed and well-connected to the medical community. Often family/patient groups suffering from niche diseases are capable users of the Internet to share experiences and gather information. We believe that direct marketing to these families or patients would be effective. We may also market our products through distributors or other collaborators, particularly for those products targeted at larger patient populations or for countries where the development of an infrastructure is not economically attractive. Patents and Proprietary Rights Our success depends in part on our ability to: o Obtain patents o Protect trade secrets o Operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others o Prevent others from infringing on our proprietary rights We may obtain licenses to patents and patent applications from others. We have thirteen patent applications presently pending in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We have filed six foreign counterpart applications and expect to file a foreign counterpart to one of the other pending U.S. patent applications at the proper time. Glyko, Inc. owns twelve issued U.S. patents. In addition, Glyko, Inc. has licensed four U.S. patents and their foreign counterparts from AstroMed Ltd. and its successor Astroscan Ltd. on an exclusive, worldwide, perpetual and royalty-free basis. Glyko, Inc. has also licensed six U.S. patents from Glycomed Incorporated on an exclusive, worldwide, perpetual and royalty-free basis. These patents are all related to Glyko, Inc.'s products and services. 5 Government Regulation Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997. The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 was enacted, in part, to ensure the availability of safe and effective drugs, biologics and medical devices by expediting the FDA review process for new products. The Modernization Act establishes a statutory program for the approval of fast track products, including biologics. The fast track provisions essentially codify the FDA's accelerated approval regulations for drugs and biologics. A fast track product is defined as a new drug or biologic intended for the treatment of a serious or life-threatening condition that demonstrates the potential to address unmet medical needs for this condition. Under the fast track program, the sponsor of a new drug or biologic may request the FDA designate the drug or biologic as a fast track product at any time during the clinical development of the product. The Modernization Act specifies that the FDA must determine if the product qualifies for fast track designation within 60 days of receipt of the sponsor's request. Approval of a license application for a fast track product can be based on an effect on a clinical endpoint or on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. Approval of a license application for a fast track product based on a surrogate endpoint may be subject to: o Post-approval studies to validate the surrogate endpoint or confirm the effect on the clinical endpoint o Prior review of all promotional materials If a preliminary review of the clinical data suggests that the product is effective, the FDA may initiate review of sections of a license application for a fast track product before the application is complete. This rolling review is available if the applicant provides a schedule for submission of remaining information and pays applicable user fees. However, the time period specified in the Prescription Drug User Fees Act, which governs the time period goals the FDA has committed to reviewing a license application, does not begin until the complete application is submitted. In September 1998, the FDA designated Aldurazyme a fast track product for the more severe forms of MPS I. In June 2000, the FDA designated Aryplase a fast track product for the treatment of MPS VI. We cannot predict the ultimate impact, if any, of the fast track process on the timing or likelihood of FDA approval of Aldurazyme, Aryplase or any of our other potential products. Orphan Drug Designation. In September 1997, Aldurazyme received orphan drug designation from the FDA. In February 1999, Aryplase received orphan drug designation from the FDA. Orphan drug designation is granted by the FDA to drugs intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which for this program is defined as having a prevalence less than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Orphan drug designation must be requested before submitting a biologics license application. After the FDA grants orphan drug designation, the generic identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. A similar system for orphan drug designation exists in the European Community. Both Aldurazyme and Aryplase received designation as orphan medicinal products by the European Commission in February 2001. Orphan drug designation does not shorten the regulatory review and approval process for an orphan drug, nor does it give that drug any advantage in the regulatory review and approval process. If an orphan drug later receives approval for the indication for which it has designation, the relevant regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market the same drug for the same indication, except in very limited circumstances, for seven years in the U.S. and ten years in Europe. Although obtaining approval to market a product with orphan drug exclusivity may be advantageous, we cannot be certain: o that we will be the first to obtain approval for any drug for which we obtain orphan drug designation, o that orphan drug designation will result in any commercial advantage or reduce competition, nor o that the limited exceptions to this exclusivity will not be invoked by the relevant regulatory authority. Competition The biopharmaceutical industry is rapidly evolving and highly competitive. The following is a summary competitive analysis for known competitive threats for each of our major biopharmaceutical product programs: Aldurazyme for MPS I. On November 21, 2000 and May 29, 2001, respectively, Transkaryotic Therapies, Inc. (TKTX) announced that two US patents on (alpha)-L-iduronidase had been issued and that these patents had been exclusively licensed to TKTX. We have examined the patents, the patent files, the prior art and other information. We believe that the patents may not survive a challenge. However, the processes of patent law are uncertain and any patent proceeding is subject to multiple unanticipated outcomes. We believe that it is in the best interests of our joint venture with Genzyme to pursue the development of Aldurazyme with commercial diligence, concurrent with our challenge of the patents, in order to gain marketing approvals as rapidly as possible and to provide MPS I patients with the benefits of Aldurazyme. If either or both of the patents are deemed (or ruled) to be valid, the joint venture will need to reach an accommodation with the holder of the license to the patent. 6 These patents do not affect our ability to market Aldurazyme in Europe or Japan, both major pharmaceutical markets. A patent making the same claims was rejected by the European Community and cannot be refiled. A small private company announced that it has novel enzymatic technology to make enzymes with proper glycosylation and phosphorylation. Since that announcement, that company has been acquired by our joint venture partner, Genzyme. Pursuant to our joint venture agreement with Genzyme, both Genzyme and our Company must mutually agree on any technological developments relating to Aldurazyme. The proper carbohydrate and phosphate structural elements of the enzyme are essential to facilitate uptake of the enzyme by the patient's cells to have efficient enzyme replacement therapy. Our preclinical analysis indicates that Aldurazyme is highly efficient in being taken up by cells during enzyme replacement therapy as a result of the proper mannose-6-phosphate ligands (glycosylation and phosphorylation) on the enzyme. We do not have any comparative data to assess directly the relative potential therapeutic qualities of Aldurazyme and the other enzyme. Neutralase for anticoagulation reversal. Currently protamine sulfate (US) and protamine chloride (EU) are the only products used to reverse heparin. Neutralase, if approved, would have to compete with protamine in the market place. Protamine is relatively inexpensive; for Neutralase to achieve significant market share, clinical data will be needed to demonstrate advantages in safety or efficacy or both for the reversal of heparin. We believe that Neutralase has superior characteristics but cannot predict that clinical studies will demonstrate this superiority. Other than protamine, there are no significant competitive drugs in clinical trials for the reversal of heparin. An alternative source of competition comes from substitutes for heparin, and hence reducing the need for Neutralase. The Medicines Company has an approved drug AngiomaxTM (hirudin) that is a substitute for heparin in angioplasty and potentially other indications. We cannot predict how much this competitor will reduce the potential market size of Neutralase for angioplasty or other indications. One additional source of competition comes from changes in medical practice that may decrease the use of procedures that require heparin and so Neutralase. Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery has increased in frequency and the amount of heparin used is less, though heparin is still used. Increased off-pump CABG could reduce the use of heparin to some degree and therefore decrease the market for Neutralase. Other unpredictable changes in medical practice or other non-heparin-like anticoagulants could occur or be approved and potentially reduce the market for Neutralase. At this time, we do not foresee a large competitive challenge to heparin or the need for heparin reversal. Aryplase for MPS VI. We know of no active competitive program for enzyme replacement therapy for MPS VI that has entered clinical trials. Gene therapy is a potential competitive threat to enzyme replacement therapies for both MPS I and MPS VI. We know of no competitive program using gene therapy for the treatment of either MPS I or MPS VI that has entered clinical trials. Vibrilase for debridement of serious burns. Other enzymatic products exist which might be possibly used for the debridement of serious second or third degree burns. Those products in their current form have not captured any meaningful share of the debridement function in the treatment of burn patients. We know of no clinical program of a new enzymatic product for the debridement of serious burns. The primary competition for Vibrilase continues to be surgical debridement. See "Factors that May Affect Future Results--If we fail to compete successfully, our revenues and operating results will be adversely affected." Employees As of March 15, 2002, we had 216 full-time employees, 111 of whom are in operations, 80 of whom are in research and development and 25 of whom are in administration. We consider our employee relations to be good. Our employees are not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced employment related work stoppages. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue attracting qualified personnel in sufficient numbers to meet our needs. 7 FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing industry that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Other risks and uncertainties, including those that we do not currently consider material, may impair our business. If any of the risks discussed below actually occur, our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows could be materially adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. If we continue to incur operating losses for a period longer than anticipated, we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce or discontinue operations. We are in an early stage of development and have operated at a net loss since we were formed. Since we began operations in March 1997, we have been engaged primarily in research and development. We have no sales revenues from any of our product candidates. As of December 31, 2001, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $148.1 million. We expect to continue to operate at a net loss for the foreseeable future. Our future profitability depends on our receiving regulatory approval of our product candidates and our ability to successfully manufacture and market any approved drugs, either by ourselves or jointly with others. The extent of our future losses and the timing of profitability are highly uncertain. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations. If we fail to obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we will be unable to complete our product development programs. In the future, we may need to raise substantial additional capital to fund operations. We cannot be certain that any financing will be available when needed. If we fail to raise additional financing as we need it, we will have to delay or terminate some or all of our product development programs. We expect to continue to spend substantial amounts of capital for our operations for the foreseeable future. The amount of capital we will need depends on many factors, including: . the progress, timing and scope of our preclinical studies and clinical trials; . the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals; . the time and cost necessary to develop commercial manufacturing processes, including quality systems and to build or acquire manufacturing capabilities; . the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments; and . any changes made or new developments in our existing collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships or any new collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships that we may establish. Moreover, our fixed expenses such as rent, license payments and other contractual commitments are substantial and will increase in the future. These fixed expenses will increase because we may enter into: . additional leases for new facilities and capital equipment; . additional licenses and collaborative agreements; . additional contracts for consulting, maintenance and administrative services; and . additional contracts for product manufacturing. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short term investment securities balances at December 31, 2001 will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital requirements through 2003. These estimates are based on assumptions and estimates, which may prove to be wrong. As a result, we may need or choose to obtain additional financing during that time. If we fail to obtain regulatory approval to commercially manufacture or sell any of our future drug products, or if approval is delayed, we will be unable to generate revenue from the sale of our products and our operating results will be adversely affected. We must obtain regulatory approval before marketing or selling our drug products in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. In the U.S., we must obtain FDA approval for each drug that we intend to commercialize. The FDA approval process is typically lengthy and expensive, and approval is never certain. Products distributed abroad are also subject to foreign government regulation. None of our drug products has received regulatory approval to be commercially marketed and sold. If we fail to obtain regulatory approval, we will be unable to market and sell our drug products. Because of the risks and uncertainties in biopharmaceutical development, our drug products could take a significantly longer time to gain regulatory approval than we expect or may never gain approval. If regulatory approval is delayed, our management's credibility, the value of our company and our operating results will be adversely affected. 8 To obtain regulatory approval to market our products, preclinical studies and costly and lengthy clinical trials will be required, and the results of the studies and trials are highly uncertain. As part of the regulatory approval process, we must conduct, at our own expense, preclinical studies in the laboratory on animals and clinical trials on humans for each drug product. We expect the number of preclinical studies and clinical trials that the regulatory authorities will require will vary depending on the drug product, the disease or condition the drug is being developed to address and regulations applicable to the particular drug. We may need to perform multiple preclinical studies using various doses and formulations before we can begin clinical trials, which could result in delays in our ability to market any of our drug products. Furthermore, even if we obtain favorable results in preclinical studies on animals, the results in humans may be significantly different. After we have conducted preclinical studies in animals, we must demonstrate that our drug products are safe and efficacious for use on the target human patients in order to receive regulatory approval for commercial sale. Adverse or inconclusive clinical results would stop us from filing for regulatory approval of our drug products. Additional factors that can cause delay or termination of our clinical trials include: . slow or insufficient patient enrollment; . slow recruitment of, and completion of necessary institutional approvals at clinical sites; . longer treatment time required to demonstrate efficacy; . lack of sufficient supplies of the product candidate; . adverse medical events or side effects in treated patients; . lack of effectiveness of the product candidate being tested; and . regulatory requests for additional clinical trials. Typically, if a drug product is intended to treat a chronic disease, as is the case with most of the product candidates we are developing, safety and efficacy data must be gathered over an extended period of time, which can range from six months to three years or more. In May 2001, we completed a 24-month patient evaluation for the initial clinical trial of our lead drug product, Aldurazyme, for the treatment of MPS I. Two of the original ten patients enrolled in this trial died in 2000. One of these patients received 103 weeks of Aldurazyme treatment and the other received 37 weeks of treatment. One of the original forty-five patients who completed the Phase 3 clinical trial died after 16 weeks of the Phase 3 extension study. One patient treated under a single-patient use protocol died after 31 weeks of Aldurazyme treatment. Based on medical data collected from clinical investigative sites, none of these cases directly implicated treatment with Aldurazyme as the cause of death. If cases of patient complications or death are ultimately attributed to Aldurazyme, our chances of commercializing this drug would be seriously compromised. The fast track designation for our product candidates may not actually lead to a faster review process. Although Aldurazyme and Aryplase have obtained fast track designations, we cannot guarantee a faster review process or faster approval compared to the normal FDA procedures. We will not be able to sell our products if we fail to comply with manufacturing regulations. Before we can begin commercial manufacture of our products, we must obtain regulatory approval of our manufacturing facility and process. In addition, manufacture of our drug products must comply with the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations, commonly known as cGMP. The cGMP regulations govern quality control and documentation policies and procedures. Our manufacturing facilities are continuously subject to inspection by the FDA, the State of California and foreign regulatory authorities, before and after product approval. Our Galli Drive and our Bel Marin Keys Boulevard manufacturing facilities have been inspected and licensed by the State of California for clinical pharmaceutical manufacture. We cannot guarantee that these facilities will pass federal or international regulatory inspection. We cannot guarantee that we, or any potential third party manufacturer of our drug products, will be able to comply with cGMP regulations. We must pass Federal, state and European regulatory inspections, and we must manufacture process qualification batches to final specifications under cGMP controls for each of our drug products before the marketing applications can be approved. Although we have completed process qualification batches for Aldurazyme, these batches may be rejected by the regulatory authorities, and we may be unable to manufacture the process qualification batches for our other products or pass the inspections in a timely manner, if at all. 9 If we fail to obtain orphan drug exclusivity for some of our products, our competitors may sell products to treat the same conditions and our revenues will be reduced. As part of our business strategy, we intend to develop some drugs that may be eligible for FDA and European Community orphan drug designation. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a product as an orphan drug if it is a drug intended to treat a rare disease or condition, defined as a patient population of less than 200,000 in the United States. The company that first obtains FDA approval for a designated orphan drug for a given rare disease receives marketing exclusivity for use of that drug for the stated condition for a period of seven years. However, different drugs can be approved for the same condition. Similar regulations are available in the European Community with a ten-year period of market exclusivity. Because the extent and scope of patent protection for our drug products is limited, orphan drug designation is particularly important for our products that are eligible for orphan drug designation. We plan to rely on the exclusivity period under the orphan drug designation to maintain a competitive position. If we do not obtain orphan drug exclusivity for our drug products, which do not have patent protection, our competitors may then sell the same drug to treat the same condition. Even though we have obtained orphan drug designation for certain of our product candidates and even if we obtain orphan drug designation for other products we develop, we cannot guarantee that we will be the first to obtain marketing approval for any orphan indication or, if we do, that exclusivity would effectively protect the product from competition. Orphan drug designation neither shortens the development time or regulatory review time of a drug nor gives the drug any advantage in the regulatory review or approval process. Because the target patient populations for some of our products are small, we must achieve significant market share and obtain high per patient prices for our products to achieve profitability. Two of our lead drug candidates, Aldurazyme and Aryplase, target diseases with small patient populations. As a result, our per-patient prices must be relatively high in order to recover our development costs and achieve profitability. Aldurazyme targets patients with MPS I and Aryplase targets patients with MPS VI. We estimate that there are approximately 3,400 patients with MPS I and 1,100 patients with MPS VI in the developed world. We believe that we will need to market worldwide to achieve significant market share. In addition, we are developing other drug candidates to treat conditions, such as other genetic diseases and serious burn wounds, with small patient populations. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain sufficient market share for our drug products at a price high enough to justify our product development efforts. If we fail to obtain an adequate level of reimbursement for our drug products by third-party payers, there would be no commercially viable markets for our products. The course of treatment for patients with MPS I using Aldurazyme and for patients with MPS VI using Aryplase is expected to be expensive. We expect patients to need treatment throughout their lifetimes. We expect that most families of patients will not be capable of paying for this treatment themselves. There will be no commercially viable market for Aldurazyme or Aryplase without reimbursement from third-party payers. Third-party payers, such as government or private health care insurers, carefully review and increasingly challenge the prices charged for drugs. Reimbursement rates from private companies vary depending on the third-party payer, the insurance plan and other factors. Reimbursement systems in international markets vary significantly by country and by region, and reimbursement approvals must be obtained on a country-by-country basis. We cannot be certain that third-party payers will pay for the costs of our drugs. Even if we are able to obtain reimbursement from third-party payers, we cannot be certain that reimbursement rates will be enough to allow us to profit from sales of our drugs or to justify our product development expenses. We currently have no expertise obtaining reimbursement. We expect to rely on the expertise of our joint venture partner Genzyme to obtain reimbursement for the costs of Aldurazyme. We cannot predict what the reimbursement rates will be. In addition, we will need to develop our own reimbursement expertise for future drug candidates unless we enter into collaborations with other companies with the necessary expertise. We expect that, in the future, reimbursement will be increasingly restricted both in the United States and internationally. The escalating cost of health care has led to increased pressure on the health care industry to reduce costs. Governmental and private third-party payers have proposed health care reforms and cost reductions. A number of federal and state proposals to control the cost of health care, including the cost of drug treatments have been made in the United States. In some foreign markets, the government controls the pricing which would affect the profitability of drugs. Current government regulations and possible future legislation regarding health care may affect our future revenues from sales of our drugs and may adversely affect our business and prospects. If we are unable to protect our proprietary technology, we may not be able to compete as effectively. Where appropriate, we seek patent protection for certain aspects of our technology. Patent protection may not be available for some of the enzymes we are developing. If we must spend significant time and money protecting our patents, designing around patents held by others or licensing, for large fees, patents or other proprietary rights held by others, our business and financial prospects may be harmed. The patent positions of biotechnology products are complex and uncertain. The scope and extent of patent protection for some of our products are particularly uncertain because key information on some of the enzymes we are developing has existed in the public domain for many years. Other parties have published the structure of the enzymes, the methods for purifying or producing the enzymes or the methods of treatment. The composition and genetic sequences of animal and/or human versions of many of our enzymes have been published and are believed to be in the public domain. The composition and genetic sequences of other MPS enzymes that we intend to develop as products have also been published. Publication of this information may prevent us from obtaining composition-of-matter patents, which are generally believed to offer the strongest patent protection. For enzymes with no prospect of broad composition-of-matter patents, other forms of patent protection or orphan drug status may provide us with a competitive advantage. As a result of these uncertainties, investors should not rely on patents as a means of protecting our product candidates, including Aldurazyme. 10 We own or license patents and patent applications to certain of our product candidates. However, these patents and patent applications do not ensure the protection of our intellectual property for a number of other reasons, including the following: . We do not know whether our patent applications will result in issued patents. For example, we may not have developed a method for treating a disease before others developed similar methods. . Competitors may interfere with our patent process in a variety of ways. Competitors may claim that they invented the claimed invention prior to us. Competitors may also claim that we are infringing on their patents and therefore cannot practice our technology as claimed under our patent. Competitors may also contest our patents by showing the patent examiner that the invention was not original, was not novel or was obvious. In litigation, a competitor could claim that our issued patents are not valid for a number of reasons. If a court agrees, we would lose that patent. As a company, we have no meaningful experience with competitors interfering with our patents or patent applications. . Enforcing patents is expensive and may absorb significant time of our management. Management would spend less time and resources on developing products, which could increase our research and development expense and delay product programs. . Receipt of a patent may not provide much practical protection. If we receive a patent with a narrow scope, then it will be easier for competitors to design products that do not infringe on our patent. In addition, competitors also seek patent protection for their technology. There are many patents in our field of technology, and we cannot guarantee that we do not infringe on those patents or that we will not infringe on patents granted in the future. If a patent holder believes our product infringes on their patent, the patent holder may sue us even if we have received patent protection for our technology. If someone else claims we infringe on their technology, we would face a number of issues, including the following: . Defending a lawsuit takes significant time and can be very expensive. . If the court decides that our product infringes on the competitor's patent, we may have to pay substantial damages for past infringement. . The court may prohibit us from selling or licensing the product unless the patent holder licenses the patent to us. The patent holder is not required to grant us a license. If a license is available, we may have to pay substantial royalties or grant crosslicenses to our patents. . Redesigning our product so it does not infringe may not be possible or could require substantial funds and time. It is also unclear whether our trade secrets will provide useful protection. While we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees or consultants may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. Enforcing a claim that someone else illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets, like patent litigation, is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States are sometimes less willing to protect trade secrets. Our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how. We may also support and collaborate in research conducted by government organizations or by universities. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to acquire any exclusive rights to technology or products derived from these collaborations. If we do not obtain required licenses or rights, we could encounter delays in product development while we attempt to design around other patents or even be prohibited from developing, manufacturing or selling products requiring these licenses. There is also a risk that disputes may arise as to the rights to technology or products developed in collaboration with other parties. The United States Patent and Trademark Office recently issued two patents that relate to (alpha)-L-iduronidase. If we are not able to successfully challenge these patents, we may be prevented from producing Aldurazyme unless and until we obtain a license. The United States Patent and Trademark Office recently issued two patents that include composition of matter and method of use claims for recombinant (alpha)-L-iduronidase. Our lead drug product, Aldurazyme, is based on recombinant (alpha)-L-iduronidase. We believe that these patents are invalid on a number of grounds. A corresponding patent application was filed in the European Patent Office claiming composition of matter for recombinant (alpha)-L-iduronidase, and it was rejected over prior art and withdrawn and cannot be re-filed. Nonetheless, under U.S. law, issued patents are entitled to a presumption of validity, and our challenges to the U.S. patents may be unsuccessful. Even if we are successful, challenging the U.S. patents may be expensive, require our management to devote significant time to this effort and may delay commercialization of Aldurazyme in the United States. 11 The patent holder has granted an exclusive license for products relating to these patents to one of our competitors. If we are unable to successfully challenge the patents, we may be unable to produce Aldurazyme in the United States unless we can obtain a sublicense from the current licensee. The current licensee is not required to grant us a license and even if a license is available, we may have to pay substantial license fees, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. If our joint venture with Genzyme were terminated, we could be barred from commercializing Aldurazyme or our ability to commercialize Aldurazyme would be delayed or diminished. We are relying on Genzyme to apply the expertise it has developed through the launch and sale of other enzyme-based products to the marketing of our initial drug product, Aldurazyme. We have no experience selling, marketing or obtaining reimbursement for pharmaceutical products. In addition, without Genzyme we would be required to pursue foreign regulatory approvals. We have no experience in seeking foreign regulatory approvals. We cannot guarantee that Genzyme will devote the resources necessary to successfully market Aldurazyme. In addition, either party may terminate the joint venture for specified reasons, including if the other party is in material breach of the agreement or has experienced a change of control or has declared bankruptcy and also is in breach of the agreement. Either party may also terminate the agreement upon one-year prior written notice for any reason. Furthermore, we may terminate the joint venture if Genzyme fails to fulfill its contractual obligation to pay us $12.1 million in cash upon the approval of the BLA for Aldurazyme. If the joint venture is terminated for breach, the non-breaching party would be granted, exclusively, all of the rights to Aldurazyme and any related intellectual property and regulatory approvals and would be obligated to buy out the breaching party's interest in the joint venture. If we are the breaching party, we would lose our rights to Aldurazyme and the related intellectual property and regulatory approvals. If the joint venture is terminated without cause, the non-terminating party would have the option, exercisable for one year, to buy out the terminating party's interest in the joint venture and obtain all rights to Aldurazyme exclusively. In the event of termination of the buy out option without exercise by the non-terminating party as described above, all right and title to Aldurazyme is to be sold to the highest bidder, with the proceeds to be split equally between Genzyme and us. If the joint venture is terminated by either party because the other declared bankruptcy and is also in breach of the agreement, the terminating party would be obligated to buy out the other and would obtain all rights to Aldurazyme exclusively. If the joint venture is terminated by a party because the other party experienced a change of control, the terminating party shall notify the other party, the offeree, of its intent to buy out the offeree's interest in the joint venture for a stated amount set by the terminating party at its discretion. The offeree must then either accept this offer or agree to buy the terminating party's interest in the joint venture on those same terms. The party who buys out the other would then have exclusive rights to Aldurazyme. If we were obligated, or given the option, to buy out Genzyme's interest in the joint venture, and gain exclusive rights to Aldurazyme, we may not have sufficient funds to do so and we may not be able to obtain the financing to do so. If we fail to buy out Genzyme's interest we may be held in breach of the agreement and may lose any claim to the rights to Aldurazyme and the related intellectual property and regulatory approvals. We would then effectively be prohibited from developing and commercializing the product. Termination of the joint venture in which we retain the rights to Aldurazyme could cause us significant delays in product launch in the United States, difficulties in obtaining third-party reimbursement and delays or failure to obtain foreign regulatory approval, any of which could hurt our business and results of operations. Since Genzyme funds 50% of the joint venture's operating expenses, the termination of the joint venture would double our financial burden and reduce the funds available to us for other product programs. If we are unable to manufacture our drug products in sufficient quantities and at acceptable cost, we may be unable to meet demand for our products and lose potential revenues or have reduced margins. Although we have successfully manufactured Aldurazyme at commercial scale within our cost parameters, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to manufacture any other drug product successfully with a commercially viable process or at a scale large enough to support their respective commercial markets or at acceptable margins. Our manufacturing processes may not meet initial expectations and we may encounter problems with any of the following measurements of performance if we attempt to increase the scale or size or improve the commercial viability of our manufacturing processes: . design, construction and qualification of manufacturing facilities that meet regulatory requirements; . schedule; . reproducibility; . production yields; . purity; . costs; 12 . quality control and assurance systems; . shortages of qualified personnel; and . compliance with regulatory requirements. Improvements in manufacturing processes typically are very difficult to achieve and are often very expensive. We cannot know with certainty how long it might take to make improvements if it becomes necessary to do so. If we contract for manufacturing services with an unproven process, our contractor is subject to the same uncertainties, high standards and regulatory controls. The availability of suitable contract manufacturing at scheduled or optimum times is not certain. The cost of contract manufacturing is greater than internal manufacturing and therefore our manufacturing processes must be of higher productivity to yield equivalent margins. The manufacture of Neutralase involves the fermentation of a bacterial species. We have never used a bacterial production process for the production of any commercial product. IBEX Technologies Inc., from which we acquired Neutralase, had contracted with a third party for the manufacture of the Neutralase used in prior clinical trials. We have built-out approximately 51,800 square feet at our Novato facilities for manufacturing capability for Aldurazyme and Aryplase including related quality control laboratories, materials capabilities, and support areas. We expect to add additional capabilities in stages over time, which could create additional operational complexity and challenges. We expect that the manufacturing process of all of our new drug products, including Aryplase and Neutralase, will require significant time and resources before we can begin to manufacture them (or have them manufactured by third parties) in commercial quantity at acceptable cost. Even if we can establish the necessary capacity, we cannot be certain that manufacturing costs will be commercially reasonable, especially if contract manufacturing is employed or if third-party reimbursement is substantially lower than expected. In order to achieve our product cost targets, we must develop efficient manufacturing processes either by: . improving the product yield from our current cell lines, colonies of cells which have a common genetic makeup; . improving the manufacturing processes licensed from others; or . developing more efficient, lower cost recombinant cell lines and production processes. A recombinant cell line is a cell line with foreign DNA inserted that is used to produce an enzyme or other protein that it would not have otherwise produced. The development of a stable, high production cell line for any given enzyme is difficult, expensive and unpredictable and may not result in adequate yields. In addition, the development of protein purification processes is difficult and may not produce the high purity required with acceptable yield and costs or may not result in adequate shelf-lives of the final products. If we are not able to develop efficient manufacturing processes, the investment in manufacturing capacity sufficient to satisfy market demand will be much greater and will place heavy financial demands upon us. If we do not achieve our manufacturing cost targets, we will have lower margins and reduced profitability in commercial production and larger losses in manufacturing start-up phases. If we are unable to create marketing and distribution capabilities or to enter into agreements with third parties to do so, our ability to generate revenues will be diminished. If we cannot increase capabilities either by developing our own sales and marketing organization or by entering into agreements with others, we may be unable to successfully sell our products. If we are unable to effectively sell our drug products, our ability to generate revenues will be diminished. Under our joint venture with Genzyme, Genzyme is responsible for marketing and distributing Aldurazyme. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to establish sales and distribution capabilities or that the joint venture, any future collaborators or we will successfully sell any of our drug products. With our acquisition of Neutralase from IBEX Technologies Inc., we have an enzyme product that has a significantly larger potential patient population than Aldurazyme and Aryplase and will be marketed and sold to different target audiences with different therapeutic and financial requirements and needs. As a result, we will be competing with other pharmaceutical companies with experienced and well-funded sales and marketing operations targeting these specific physician and institutional audiences. We may not be able to create our own sales and marketing force or of a size that would allow us to compete with these other companies. If we elect to enter into third-party marketing and distribution agreements in order to sell into these markets, we may not be able to enter into these agreements on acceptable terms, if at all. If we cannot compete effectively in these specific physician and institutional markets, it would adversely affect sales of Neutralase. 13 If we fail to compete successfully, our revenues and operating results will be adversely affected. Our competitors may develop, manufacture and market products that are more effective or less expensive than ours. They may also obtain regulatory approvals for their products faster than we can obtain them, including those products with orphan drug designation, or commercialize their products before we do. If our competitors successfully commercialize a product that treats a given rare genetic disease before we do, we will effectively be precluded from developing a product to treat that disease because the patient populations of the rare genetic diseases are so small. If our competitor gets orphan drug exclusivity, we could be precluded from marketing our version for seven years in the U.S. and ten years in the European Union. However, different drugs can be approved for the same condition. These companies also compete with us to attract qualified personnel and organizations for acquisitions, joint ventures or other collaborations. They also compete with us to attract academic research institutions as partners and to license these institutions' proprietary technology. If our competitors successfully enter into partnering arrangements or license agreements with academic research institutions, we will then be precluded from pursuing those specific opportunities. Since each of these opportunities is unique, we may not be able to find a substitute. Several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have already established themselves in the field of enzyme therapeutics, including Genzyme, our joint venture partner. These companies have already begun many drug development programs, some of which may target diseases that we are also targeting, and have already entered into partnering and licensing arrangements with academic research institutions, reducing the pool of available opportunities. Universities and public and private research institutions are also competitors. While these organizations primarily have educational or basic research objectives, they may develop proprietary technology and acquire patents that we may need for the development of our drug products. We will attempt to license this proprietary technology, if available. These licenses may not be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. We also directly compete with a number of these organizations to recruit personnel, especially scientists and technicians. If we do not achieve milestones as expected, our stock price may decline. For planning purposes, we estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other milestones, such as the commencement or completion of scientific studies and clinical trials and the submission of regulatory filings. These estimates, some of which are included in this prospectus, are based on a variety of assumptions. The actual timing of these milestones can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in many cases for reasons beyond our control. If we fail to manage our growth or fail to recruit and retain personnel, our product development programs may be delayed. Our rapid growth has strained our managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We expect this growth to continue. We have entered into a joint venture with Genzyme. If we receive FDA and/or foreign government approval to market Aldurazyme, the joint venture will be required to devote additional resources to support the commercialization of Aldurazyme. To manage expansion effectively, we need to continue to develop and improve our research and development capabilities, manufacturing and quality capacities, sales and marketing capabilities and financial and administrative systems. We cannot guarantee that our staff, financial resources, systems, procedures or controls will be adequate to support our operations or that our management will be able to manage successfully future market opportunities or our relationships with customers and other third parties. Our future growth and success depend on our ability to recruit, retain, manage and motivate our employees. The loss of key scientific, technical and managerial personnel may delay or otherwise harm our product development programs. Any harm to our research and development programs would harm our business and prospects. Because of the specialized scientific and managerial nature of our business, we rely heavily on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical and managerial personnel. In particular, the loss of Fredric D. Price, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, or Emil D. Kakkis, M.D., Ph.D., our Senior Vice President of Scientific Affairs or Christopher M. Starr, Ph.D., our Senior Vice President for Research and Development, could be detrimental to us if we cannot recruit suitable replacements in a timely manner. While Mr. Price, Dr. Kakkis and Dr. Starr are parties to employment agreements with us, we cannot guarantee that they will remain employed with us in the future. In addition, these agreements do not restrict their ability to compete with us after their employment is terminated. The competition for qualified personnel in the biopharmaceutical field is intense. We cannot be certain that we will continue to attract and retain qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business. If we fail to effectively integrate the recently acquired Neutralase and Phenylase programs and those acquired from Synapse Technologies, Inc. into our current operations, the efficient execution of these product programs could be delayed and our operating and research and development expenditures could increase beyond anticipated levels. Our recent acquisition of assets from IBEX Technologies Inc., including the Neutralase and Phenylase product programs and from Synapse Technologies, Inc., will need to be integrated with our current operations. This will include several technical and administrative challenges, including managing the information transfer, integrating certain of our former technical staff members at Ibex and Synapse into our research and development structure and managing multiple operations in different countries. If we do not accomplish this integration effectively, our programs could be delayed and our operating and research and development expenditures could increase beyond anticipated levels. Additionally, the integration could require a significant time commitment from our senior management. Changes in methods of treatment of disease could reduce demand for our products. Even if our drug products are approved, doctors must use treatments that require using those products. If doctors elect a different course of treatment from that which includes our drug products, this decision would reduce demand for our drug products. 14 Examples include the potential use in the future of effective gene therapy for the treatment of genetic diseases. The use of gene therapy could theoretically reduce or eliminate the use of enzyme replacement therapy in MPS diseases. Sometimes, this change in treatment method can be caused by the introduction of other companies' products or the development of new technologies or surgical procedures which may not directly compete with ours, but which have the effect of changing how doctors decide to treat a disease. For example, Neutralase is being developed for heparin reversal in CABG surgery. It is possible that alternative non-surgical methods of treating heart disease could be developed. If so, then the demand for Neutralase would likely decrease. If product liability lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities. We are exposed to the potential product liability risks inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of human pharmaceuticals. The BioMarin/Genzyme LLC maintains product liability insurance for our clinical trials of Aldurazyme. We have obtained insurance against product liability lawsuits for the clinical trials for Aryplase and Vibrilase. We may be subject to claims in connection with our current clinical trials for Aldurazyme, Aryplase and Vibrilase for which the joint venture's or our insurance coverages are not adequate. We cannot be certain that if Aldurazyme, Aryplase or Vibrilase receives FDA approval, the product liability insurance the joint venture or we will need to obtain in connection with the commercial sales of Aldurazyme, Aryplase or Vibrilase will be available in meaningful amounts or at a reasonable cost. In addition, we cannot be certain that we can successfully defend any product liability lawsuit brought against us. If we are the subject of a successful product liability claim which exceeds the limits of any insurance coverage we may obtain, we may incur substantial liabilities which would adversely affect our earnings and financial condition. Our stock price may be volatile, and an investment in our stock could suffer a decline in value. Our valuation and stock price since the beginning of trading after our initial public offering have had no meaningful relationship to current or historical earnings, asset values, book value or many other criteria based on conventional measures of stock value. The market price of our common stock will fluctuate due to factors including: . progress of Aldurazyme, Neutralase, Aryplase and our other lead drug products through the regulatory process, especially regulatory actions in the United States related to Aldurazyme; . results of clinical trials, announcements of technological innovations or new products by us or our competitors; . government regulatory action affecting our drug products or our competitors' drug products in both the United States and foreign countries; . developments or disputes concerning patent or proprietary rights; . general market conditions and fluctuations for the emerging growth and biopharmaceutical market sectors; . economic conditions in the United States or abroad; . actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; . broad market fluctuations in the United States or in Europe, which may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate; and . changes in company assessments or financial estimates by securities analysts In addition, the value of our common stock may fluctuate because it is listed on both the Nasdaq National Market and the Swiss Exchange's SWX New Market. Listing on both exchanges may increase stock price volatility due to: . trading in different time zones; . different ability to buy or sell our stock; . different market conditions in different capital markets; and . different trading volume. In the past, following periods of large price declines in the public market price of a company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against that company. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management's attention and resources, which would hurt our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities. 15 If our officers, directors and largest stockholder elect to act together, they may be able to control our management and operations, acting in their best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders. Our directors and officers control approximately 28% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Glyko Biomedical Ltd. owns approximately 22% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock. The president and chief executive officer of Glyko Biomedical and a significant shareholder of Glyko Biomedical serve as two of our directors. As a result, due to their concentration of stock ownership, directors and officers, if they act together, may be able to control our management and operations, and may be able to prevail on all matters requiring a stockholder vote including: . The election of all directors; . The amendment of charter documents or the approval of a merger, sale of assets or other major corporate transactions; and . The defeat of any non-negotiated takeover attempt that might otherwise benefit the public stockholders. Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult. We are incorporated in Delaware. Certain anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and our charter documents as currently in effect may make a change in control of our company more difficult, even if a change in control would be beneficial to the stockholders. Our anti-takeover provisions include provisions in the certificate of incorporation providing that stockholders' meetings may only be called by the board of directors and a provision in the bylaws providing that the stockholders may not take action by written consent. Additionally, our board of directors has the authority to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to determine the terms of those shares of stock without any further action by the stockholders. The rights of holders of our common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred stock that may be issued. The issuance of preferred stock could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. Delaware law also prohibits corporations from engaging in a business combination with any holders of 15% or more of their capital stock until the holder has held the stock for three years unless, among other possibilities, the board of directors approves the transaction. Our board of directors may use these provisions to prevent changes in the management and control of our company. Also, under applicable Delaware law, our board of directors may adopt additional anti-takeover measures in the future. 16 Item 2. Properties We are currently leasing a total of seven buildings. Five of our buildings are located in Novato, California, each within a half-mile radius. The five buildings, each named for the streets on which they are located, are: o Bel Marin Keys facility o Galli Drive facility o Pimentel Court facility o 79 Digital Drive facility o 95 Digital Drive facility The sixth building is located in Torrance, California and is currently being subleased until the lease expires in August 2002. The seventh building is located in Montreal, Ontario, Canada, which we sublease from IBEX Technologies, Inc. for our research and development efforts relating to Neutralase and Phenylase. The Montreal sublease expires in October 2002. The Bel Marin Keys facility houses administrative staff and a clinical production laboratory. It consists of approximately 13,400 square feet. The lease expires in May 2004. We have an option to extend the lease for one additional three-year period. The Galli Drive facility consists of approximately 69,800 rentable square feet. It currently houses research and development laboratories, storage and warehouse functions, administrative offices, and our Aldurazyme manufacturing facility. The lease expires in August 2010 and has the option to extend for two additional five-year periods. The Pimentel Court facility, with approximately 11,500 square feet, houses the manufacturing, research and administrative operations of Glyko, Inc. The lease expires in April 2003 and has options for two 2-year extensions. Our 79 Digital Drive facility leased commencing in late 2001 provides warehousing support for our entire organization. Its primary focus is to provide controlled access warehousing and the required segregation and testing of all cGMP raw materials used in our manufacturing operations. In addition, 79 Digital serves as the primary shipping, receiving and storage point for all other materials used throughout our entire organization. The 95 Digital Drive facility, 34,000 rentable square feet, is planned to house research and process development functions. The building shell has been completed. Development of internal laboratory space is on hold until at least 2002. When fully developed, it will consist of approximately 42,000 square feet. The lease expires in November 2009. Our administrative office space is expected to be adequate until the end of 2002, at which time we may add additional office space. We may need to supplement our production facilities' capacity if the market penetration rates are such that the output from our facilities would be less than the markets' demands. Based on the timelines for Neutralase and Vibrilase, we will have to develop, purchase from third parties, or enter into agreements with third parties for contact manufacturing for these products for production of clinical materials, beginning in 2002. We plan to use contract manufacturing when appropriate to provide product for both clinical and commercial requirements until such time as we believe it prudent to develop in-house manufacturing capability. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We have no material legal proceedings pending. Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security-Holders No matters were submitted to a vote of our security holders during the quarter ended December 31, 2001. 17 Part II Item 5. Market For Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters As of July 1999, our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq National Market and the Swiss New Market SWX under the symbol "BMRN". The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock for the periods noted, as reported by Nasdaq National Market. Prices Year Period High Low 2000 First Quarter $41.25 $11.00 2000 Second Quarter $30.38 $16.00 2000 Third Quarter $21.86 $15.75 2000 Fourth Quarter $18.50 $15.75 2001 First Quarter $13.25 $6.56 2001 Second Quarter $13.29 $7.50 2001 Third Quarter $13.74 $8.07 2001 Fourth Quarter $14.40 $8.65 On March 15, 2002, the last reported sale price on the Nasdaq National Market for our common stock was $10.55. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Holders As of March 15, 2002, there were 80 holders of record of 52,447,402 outstanding shares of our common stock. Additionally, on such date options to acquire 7,573,124 shares of our common stock and warrants to acquire 752,427 shares of our common stock were outstanding. Unregistered Securities On October 31, 2001, we issued 814,647 shares of common stock to IBEX Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries as partial consideration for our purchase of the intellectual property and other assets associated with the IBEX therapeutic enzyme drug products (including Neutralase and Phenylase). These shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2), of the Securities Act of 1933. These shares were appropriately legended to indicate that the shares may not be resold unless registered under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration is available. We have since registered these shares for resale through a registration statement on Form S-3. 18 Item 6. Selected consolidated financial data (in thousands, except per share data) The selected consolidated financial data set forth below contain only a portion of our financial statement information and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and related Notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere herein. All financial data presented in thousands, except per share data. We derived the statement of operations data for the interim period from March 21, 1997 through December 31, 1997 and the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and balance sheet data as of December 31, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001 from audited financial statements. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of results that we may expect in the future. Period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, Year ended December 31, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Consolidated statements of operations data: 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 - ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (in thousands, except for per share data) Revenues $ -- $ 854 $ 5,300 $ 9,714 $ 11,699 Operating costs and expenses: Research and development 1,914 10,288 26,341 34,459 45,283 General and administrative 914 3,146 4,757 6,507 6,718 In-process research and development 11,647 Facility closure -- -- -- 4,423 ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- Total operating costs and expenses 2,828 13,434 31,098 45,389 63,648 ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- Loss from operations (2,828) (12,580) (25,798) (35,675) (51,949) Interest income 65 685 1,832 2,979 1,871 Interest expense -- -- (732) (7) (17) Equity in loss of joint venture -- (47) (1,673) (2,912) (7,333) ------ ------ ------ ------ ------- Net loss continuing operations (2,763) (11,942) (26,371) (35,615) (57,428) Loss from discontinued operations - (372) (1,701) (1,749) (2,266) Loss from disposal of discontinued operations - - - - (7,912) ------ ------ ------- ------ ------- Net loss $(2,763) $(12,314) $(28,072) $(37,364) $(67,606) ====== ====== ======= ====== ======= Net loss per share, basic and diluted Loss from continued operations $(0.34) $(0.53) $(0.88) $(0.99) $(1.40) ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= Loss from discontinued operations $ - $(0.02) $(0.06) $(0.05) $ (0.06) ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= Loss on disposal of discontinued operations $ - $ - $ - $ - $ (0.19) ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= Net loss $(0.34) $(0.55) $(0.94) $(1.04) $ (1.65) ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= Weighted average common shares outstanding 8,136 22,488 29,944 35,859 41,083 ====== ====== ====== ======= ======= December 31, -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- Consolidated 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 balance sheet data: - ------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -------------- Cash, cash equivalents and short-term $6,888 $11,389 $62,986 $40,201 $131,097 investments Total current assets 7,507 12,819 66,422 44,541 136,783 Total assets 7,653 31,510 103,549 76,933 171,811 Long-term liabilities -- 110 85 56 3,961 Total stockholders' equity 7,380 29,394 98,377 69,994 159,548 - ---------------------------
See notes to our consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a description of the number of shares used in the computation of the net loss per common share. 19 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and their notes appearing elsewhere in this document. Overview We develop enzyme therapies to treat serious, life-threatening diseases and conditions. We leverage our expertise in enzyme biology to develop product candidates for the treatment of genetic diseases, including MPS I, MPS VI and PKU, as well as other critical care situations such as cardiovascular surgery and serious burns. Our product candidates address markets for which no products are currently available or where current products have been associated with major deficiencies. We focus on conditions with well-defined patient populations, including genetic diseases, which require chronic therapy. Our lead product candidate, Aldurazyme, which recently completed a Phase 3 trial, is being developed for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) disease. We are developing our second product candidate, Neutralase, for reversal of anticoagulation by heparin in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, or CABG, surgery and angioplasty. In addition to Aldurazyme and Neutralase, we are developing other enzyme-based therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions. These include Aryplase for the treatment of MPS VI, Vibrilase, a topical enzyme product for use in removing burned skin tissue in preparation for skin grafting or other therapy, and other enzyme product candidates, currently in preclinical development for genetic and other diseases. Results of Operations In February 2002, we decided to close the carbohydrate analytical business portion of our wholly owned subsidiary, Glyko, Inc., which provided all of Glyko, Inc.'s revenues. The decision to close Glyko, Inc. has resulted in the operations of Glyko Inc. being classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, we have segregated the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations in our consolidated balance sheets. In addition, we have segregated the operating results in our consolidated statements of operations and have segregated cash flows from discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Years Ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 For the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, revenues were $11.7 million and $9.7 million, respectively. Revenues from our joint venture with Genzyme were $11.3 million and $9.7 million, and other revenues were $0.4 million and zero representing grant revenues for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The increase in joint venture revenues in 2001 was primarily the result of increased manufacturing activities in support of our Phase 3 clinical trial and our Phase 1 and Phase 3 extension studies, increased regulatory, clinical and plant and process validation efforts in preparation for a BLA that will be filed as soon as possible. Research and development expenses increased to $45.3 million in 2001 from $34.5 million in 2000. The major factors in the growth of research and development expenses include increased expenses in support of the Aldurazyme joint venture with Genzyme, especially manufacturing, regulatory and clinical requirements, of manufacturing and clinical requirements to support our Phase 1 clinical trial of Aryplase, of the contract manufacturing requirements to support our Phase 1 clinical trial of Vibrilase and the increased manufacturing and research staff, including the scientific staff we assumed in Montreal, Canada in our purchase of the therapeutic assets of IBEX Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries in October 2001, to support our product programs. We anticipate research and development expenditures to increase in the future in order to further develop our drug product candidates. General and administrative expenses increased to $6.7 million in 2001 from $6.5 million in 2000. This increase was primarily due to the costs incurred in 2001 in legal and other fees associated with the potential purchase of all of the outstanding capital stock of Glyko Biomedical Ltd. by us (in exchange for our common stock) anticipated to close in the second quarter of 2002, increased staffing in finance, business development, information systems and purchasing, partially offset by savings due to the elimination of the President position from our executive team. We anticipate general and administrative expenditures to increase in the future relating to the increased headcount and facilities to support the growth of our Company. In-process research and development represents all of the purchase price of our acquisition of the IBEX therapeutic assets in October 2001 plus related expenses totaling $11.7 million. On October 31, 2001, we purchased from IBEX Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries the intellectual property and other assets associated with the IBEX therapeutic enzyme drug products (including Neutralase and Phenylase) for $10.4 million, consisting of $2 million in cash and $8.4 million in our common stock at $10.218 per share (814,647 shares). In connection with the purchase of the IBEX therapeutic assets, we issued options to purchase 43,861 shares of our common stock. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting valuation of $291,000 was included as additional purchase price. The purchase agreement includes up to approximately $9.5 million in contingency payments upon regulatory approval of Neutralase and Phenylase, provided that approval occurs prior to October 31, 2006. 20 Facility closure in 2000, represents a charge of $4.4 million for the closure of our Carson Street clinical manufacturing facility. The charge primarily consisted of impairment reserves for leasehold improvements and equipment located in the Carson Street facility. Interest income decreased by $1.1 million to $1.9 million in 2001 from $3.0 million in 2000 primarily due to the decrease in cash available for investment through most of the 2001 (as our significant follow-on offering occurred in December 2001) and the decrease in interest rates available on short-term investments. Interest expense for 2001 and 2000 were immaterial. We expect interest expense to increase in future years due to an equipment loan executed for $5.5 million in December 2001. Our equity in the loss of our joint venture with Genzyme was $7.3 million for 2001 compared to $2.9 million for 2000, as the joint venture conducted a multi-site, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial of 45 patients which commenced in December 2000 and continued extension studies of the original Phase 1 clinical trial and the Phase 3 clinical trial of Aldurazyme. Net loss from continuing operations was $57.4 million ($1.40 per share, basic and diluted) and $35.6 million ($0.99 per share, basic and diluted) for 2001 and 2000, respectively. Loss from discontinued operations relating to the Glyko, Inc. analytics business increased by $0.6 million to $2.3 million in 2001 compared to $1.7 million in 2000 due to the increased sales and production staff in 2001 in an attempt to grow the core analytics business. Loss from disposal of discontinued operations represents the Glyko, Inc. closure expense of $7.9 million in 2001 consisting primarily of an impairment reserve against the unamortized balance of goodwill and other intangible assets related to the initial acquisition of Glyko, Inc. The majority of the Glyko, Inc. employees will be incorporated into our business and such employees will continue to provide necessary analytic and diagnostic support to the Company's therapeutic products. Net loss was $67.6 million ($1.65 per share, basic and diluted) and $37.4 million ($1.04 per share, basic and diluted) for 2001 and 2000, respectively. Years Ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 For the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, revenues were $9.7 million and $5.3 million, respectively representing revenues from our joint venture with Genzyme. The increase in joint venture revenues in 2000 was primarily the result of increased manufacturing activities as we began enzyme production in our new Galli Drive manufacturing facility in Novato, California. Research and development expenses increased to $34.5 million in 2000 from $26.3 million in 1999. Increased expenses in support of the Aldurazyme joint venture with Genzyme, especially manufacturing requirements, and of the Aryplase program were the major factors in the growth of research and development expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $6.5 million in 2000 from $4.8 million in 1999. This increase was partially due to tthe increase in staffing and facilities in 2000. In the first quarter of 2000, we recorded a charge of $4.4 million for the closure of our Carson Street clinical manufacturing facility. The facility was no longer required for the production of Aldurazyme, the initial purpose of the plant, after a decision by the BioMarin/Genzyme LLC joint venture to use our Galli Drive facility for the manufacture of bulk Aldurazyme both for the Phase 3 trial and for the commercial launch of Aldurazyme. This decision was based in part on FDA guidance to use an improved production process, which was installed in the Galli facility, for the clinical trial, for the BLA submission and for the commercial production. The majority of our technical staff at the Carson Street facility transferred to the Galli Drive facility in Novato, California in May 2000. The charge primarily consisted of impairment reserves for leasehold improvements and equipment located in the Carson Street facility. Interest income increased to $3.0 million in 2000 from $1.8 million in 1999 primarily due to increased cash reserves resulting from our initial public offering (concurrent with an investment by Genzyme) in July 1999 and funds received from exercise of stock options and warrants. 21 Interest expense decreased by $0.7 million in 2000 compared to 1999 due to the interest accrued in 1999 from April through July on our convertible notes payable which, along with the accrued interest converted into our common stock issued to note holders concurrent with our initial public offering. Our equity in the loss of our joint venture with Genzyme was $2.9 million for 2000 compared to $1.7 million for 1999, as the joint venture continued the original clinical trial of Aldurazyme and began a Phase 3 clinical trial. Net loss from continuing operations was $35.6 million ($0.99 per share, basic and diluted) and $26.4 million ($0.88 per share, basic and diluted) for 2000 and 1999, respectively. Loss from discontinued operations was $1.7 million for 2000 and 1999 representing the Glyko, Inc. analytics business. The net loss was $37.4 million ($1.04 per share, basic and diluted) and $28.1 million ($.94 per share, basic and diluted) for 2000 and 1999, respectively. Liquidity and Capital Resources We have financed our operations since our inception by the issuance of common stock and convertible notes, equipment financing and the related interest income earned on cash balances available for short-term investment. Since inception, we have raised aggregate net proceeds of approximately $286 million. We were initially funded by an investment from GBL. We have since raised additional capital from the sale of our common stock in both public and private offerings and the sale of our other securities, all of which have since converted into common stock. Our combined cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $131.1 million at December 31, 2001 an increase of $90.9 million from $40.2 million at December 31, 2000. The primary uses of cash during the year ended December 31, 2001 were to finance operations, fund the joint venture, purchase leasehold improvements and equipment and purchase the therapeutic assets of IBEX. The primary sources of cash during the year were: o the issuance of common stock in a follow-on offering in December 2001 netting us approximately $90.4 million; o the issuance of common stock in a private placement in May 2001 netting us approximately $41.6 million; o the issuance of common stock to Acqua Wellington and its affiliates during 2001 pursuant to our agreement with Acqua Wellington, including their participation in our private placement, netting us, in the aggregate, approximately $14.2 million; o equipment financing of $5.5 million; and o the issuance of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options under the 1997 Stock Plan and the 1998 Director Plan and pursuant to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the aggregate exercise price of which totaled approximately $1.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2001, operations used $23.1 million, we invested $18.2 million in the joint venture (which was consumed in joint venture operations), we purchased $17.8 million of leasehold improvements and equipment and we purchased the therapeutic assets of IBEX in exchange for our common stock plus $3 million in cash and out of pocket expenses. From our inception through December 31, 2001, we have purchased approximately $51.1 million of leasehold improvements and equipment. We expect that our investment in leasehold improvements and equipment will increase significantly during the next two years because we will provide facilities and equipment for a larger staff and increase manufacturing capacity. We have made and plan to make substantial commitments to capital projects, including developing new research and development facilities and expanding our administrative and support offices. In September 1998, we established a joint venture with Genzyme for the worldwide development and commercialization of Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I. We share expenses and profits from the joint venture equally with Genzyme. Genzyme has committed to pay us an additional $12.1 million upon approval of the BLA for Aldurazyme. On May 16, 2001, we sold 4,763,712 shares of our common stock at $9.45 per share and, for no additional consideration, issued three-year warrants to purchase 714,554 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $13.10 per share and received net proceeds of approximately $41.6 million. Also, on May 17, 2001, a fund managed by Acqua Wellington purchased 105,821 shares of common stock and received warrants to purchase 15,873 shares of common stock on the same price and terms as the May 16, 2001 transaction; we received net proceeds of approximately $1 million. In August 2001, we signed an amended agreement with Acqua Wellington North American Equities Fund Ltd. (Acqua Wellington) for an equity investment in us. The agreement allows for the purchase of up to $27.7 million (approximately 2,500,000 shares). Under the terms of the agreement, we will have the option to request that Acqua Wellington invest in us through sales of registered common stock at a small discount to market price. The maximum amount that we may request to be bought in any one month is dependent upon the market price of the stock (or an amount that can be mutually agreed-upon by both parties) and is referred to as the "Draw Down Amount." Subject to certain conditions, Acqua Wellington is obligated to purchase this amount if requested to do so by us. In addition, we may, at our discretion, grant a "Call Option" to Acqua Wellington for an additional investment in an amount up to the "Draw Down Amount" which Acqua Wellington may or may not choose to exercise. During 2001, Acqua Wellington purchased 1,344,194 shares for $13.5 million ($13.2 million net of issuance costs). Under this agreement, Acqua Wellington may also purchase stock and receive similar terms of any other equity financing by us. 22 On December 13, 2001, we completed a follow-on public offering of our common stock. In the offering, we sold 8,050,000 shares, including 1,050,000 shares to cover over-allotments, at a price to the public of $12.00 per share. The net proceeds to us were approximately $90.4 million. During December 2001, we entered into three separate agreements with General Electric Capital Corporation for secured loans totaling $5.5 million. The notes bear interest (ranging from 9.1% to 9.31%) and are secured by certain manufacturing and laboratory equipment. Additionally, one of the agreements is subject to a covenant that requires us to maintain a minimum unrestricted cash balance of $25 million. Should the unrestricted cash balance fall below $25 million, the note is subject to prepayment, including prepayment penalties ranging from 1% to 4%. The net proceeds from any sales of our common stock or equipment financing will be used to fund operating costs, capital expenditures and working capital requirements, which may include costs associated with our lead clinical programs including Aldurazyme for MPS I, Neutralase for heparin reversal, Aryplase for MPS VI and Vibrilase for burn wounds. In addition, net proceeds may also be used for research and development of other pipeline products, building of our supporting infrastructure, and other general corporate purposes. We expect our current funds to last through 2003. We do not expect to generate positive cash flow from operations at least until 2004 because we expect to increase operational expenses and manufacturing investment for the joint venture and to increase research and development activities, including: . Preclinical studies and clinical trials . Process development, including quality systems for product manufacture . Regulatory processes in the United States and international jurisdictions . Clinical and commercial scale manufacturing capabilities . Expansion of sales and marketing activities Until we can generate sufficient levels of cash from our operations, we expect to continue our operations through the expenditure of our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and possibly supplement our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments through: . The sale of equity securities; . Equipment-based financing; and . Collaborative agreements with corporate partners. We anticipate a need for additional financing to fund the future operations of our business, including the commercialization of our drug products currently under development. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be obtained or, if obtained, will be available on reasonable terms or in a timely manner. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to: . The progress, timing and scope of our preclinical studies and clinical trials . The time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals . The time and cost necessary to develop commercial manufacturing processes, including quality systems and to build or acquire manufacturing capabilities 23 . The time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments . Any changes made or new developments in our existing collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships or any new collaborative, licensing and other commercial relationships that we may establish We plan to continue our policy of investing available funds in government, investment grade and interest-bearing securities. We do not invest in derivative financial instruments, as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 119. New Accounting Pronouncements SFAS No. 141 On June 29, 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141, Business Combinations, and SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Major provisions of these Statements are as follows: all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 must use the purchase method of accounting; intangible assets acquired in a business combination must be recorded separately; all acquired goodwill must be assigned to reporting units for purposes of impairment testing and segment reporting; effective January 1, 2002, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment annually using a fair value approach; other intangible assets will continue to be valued and amortized over their estimated lives; in-process research and development acquired in business combinations will continue to be written off immediately. We do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. SFAS No. 143 In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations." We do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. SFAS No. 144 In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." SFAS No. 144 broadens the presentation of discontinued operations to include more transactions and eliminates the need to accrue for future operating losses. Additionally, SFAS No. 144 prohibits the retroactive classification of assets as held for sale and requires revisions to the depreciable lives of long-lived assets to be abandoned. SFAS No. 144 will be effective January 1, 2002 for us. We do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. Critical Accounting Policies Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC and Related Revenue--Under the terms of our joint venture agreement with Genzyme, Genzyme and we have each agreed to provide 50 percent of the funding for the joint venture. All research and development, sales and marketing, and other activities performed by Genzyme and us on behalf of the joint venture are billed to the joint venture at cost. Any profits or losses of the joint venture are shared equally by the two parties. We provided $39.3 million in funding to the joint venture from inception through December 31, 2001. During the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) through December 31, 2001, we incurred expenses and billed $10.6 million, $19.4 million, $22.6 million and $54.4 million, respectively, for services provided to the joint venture under our Agreement. Of these amounts, $5.3 million, $9.7 million, $11.3 million and $27.2 million, respectively, or 50 percent, was recognized as revenue in accordance with our policy of recognizing revenue to the extent that research and development costs billed to the joint venture have been funded by Genzyme. At December 31, 2000, and 2001, we had receivables of $1.8 million and $3.1 million, respectively, related to these billings. We account for our investment in the joint venture using the equity method. Accordingly, we record a reduction in our investment in the joint venture for our 50 percent share of the loss of the joint venture. The percentage of the costs incurred by us and billed to the joint venture that are funded by us (50 percent), is recorded as a credit to our equity in the loss of the joint venture. Discontinued Operations - The decision to close Glyko, Inc. has resulted in the operations of Glyko Inc. being classified as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, we have segregated the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2000 and 2001. In addition, we have segregated the operating results in our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001; and have segregated cash flows from discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of cash flows for the same periods. The notes to our consolidated financial statements reflect the classification of Glyko Inc. operations as discontinued operations. The loss on disposal of discontinued operations included in our consolidated statement of operations reflects certain adjustments required at December 31, 2001 primarily to record an impairment reserve against the unamortized goodwill related to Glyko, Inc. of approximately $7.8 million. 24 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets--In connection with the acquisition of Glyko, Inc. in 1998, we recorded intangible assets of $11.7 million. Additional intangible assets of $891,000 were recorded in connection with the acquisition by Glyko, Inc. of the key assets of the bio-chemical research reagent division of Oxford GlycoSciences Plc. (OGS), a company not related to Glyko, Inc. During 2000, we revised our estimate of the useful life of these intangible assets downward to 7 years; the effect of this change increased amortization expense in 2000. We recorded an impairment reserve against the unamortized balance of $7.8 million at December 31, 2001 as a result of our decision to close the business. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets--We regularly review long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets by measuring the carrying amount of the assets against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with them. At the time such evaluations indicate that the future undiscounted cash flows of certain long-lived assets are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of such assets, the assets are adjusted to their fair values. Income taxes - We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. For all periods presented, we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. 25 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. By policy, we place our investments with highly rated credit issuers and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in our policy, we seek to improve the safety and likelihood of preservation of our invested funds by limiting default risk and market risk. We have no investments denominated in foreign country currencies and therefore are not subject to foreign exchange risk. We mitigate default risk by investing in high credit quality securities and by positioning our portfolio to respond appropriately to a significant reduction in a credit rating of any investment issuer or guarantor. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity. The table below presents the carrying value for our investment portfolio. The carrying value approximates fair value at December 31, 2001. Investment portfolio: Carrying value (in $ thousands) Cash and cash equivalents...................... $ 12,528 Short-term investments......................... 118,569* -------- Total.......................................... $131,097 ======== * 19% invested in A1/P1 rated commercial paper and 81% in United States agency securities. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data The information required to be filed in this item appears on pages F1 to F19 and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. Not applicable. 26 Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons We incorporate information regarding our directors and executive officers into this section by reference from sections captioned "Election of Directors" and "Executive Officers" in the proxy statement for our 2002 annual meeting of stockholders. Item 11. Executive Compensation We incorporate information regarding our directors and executive officers into this section by reference from the section captioned "Executive Compensation" in the proxy statement for our 2002 annual meeting of stockholders. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management We incorporate information regarding our directors and executive officers into this section by reference from the section captioned "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners" in the proxy statement for our 2002 annual meeting of stockholders. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions We incorporate information regarding our directors and executive officers into this section by reference from the section captioned "Interest of Insiders in Material Transactions" in the proxy statement for our 2002 annual meeting of stockholders. Part IV Item 14. Exhibits, List and Reports on Form 8-K (a) Documents are filed as exhibits to this report as enumerated in the Index to Exhibits hereto, Part V Item I. (b) Reports on Form 8-K On October 10, 2001, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K regarding the announcement of our definitive agreement with IBEX Technologies Inc. relating to the acquisition of the rights to all IBEX pharmaceutical assets. On October 26, 2001, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K regarding the announcement of our financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2001. On November 2, 2001, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K regarding the results of our Phase III trial of Aldurazyme for the treatment of MPS I. On November 2, 2001, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K regarding the completion of our acquisition of the rights to all of the pharmaceutical assets of IBEX Technologies Inc. This Current Report was subsequently amended and restated on November 14, 2001 and again on January 15, 2002. On December 17, 2001, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K regarding the announcement of the completion of our public offering of 8,050,000 shares of our common stock. 27 Part V Item 1. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT NUMBER - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1** Canadian Asset Purchase Agreement dated October 9, 2001 by and among the Company, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Nova Scotia Company, IBEX Technologies Inc., IBEX Pharmaceutical Inc., IBEX Technologies LLC, IBEX Technologies Corp. and Technologies IBEX R&D Inc., previously filed with the Commission on December 26, 2001 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-72866), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.2** United States Asset Purchase Agreement dated October 9, 2001 by and among the Company, BioMarin Enzymes Inc., IBEX Technologies Inc., IBEX Pharmaceutical Inc., IBEX Technologies LLC, IBEX Technologies Corp. and Technologies IBEX R&D Inc., previously filed with the Commission on November 6, 2001 as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-72866), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.3 Amendment to Canadian Asset Purchase Agreement dated October 31, 2001 by and among the Company, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Nova Scotia Company, IBEX Technologies Inc., IBEX Pharmaceutical Inc., IBEX Technologies LLC, IBEX Technologies Corp. and Technologies IBEX R&D Inc., previously filed with the Commission on November 6, 2001 as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-72866), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.4 Amendment to United States Asset Purchase Agreement dated October 31, 2001 by and among the Company, BioMarin Enzymes Inc., IBEX Technologies Inc., IBEX Pharmaceutical Inc., IBEX Technologies LLC, IBEX Technologies Corp. and Technologies IBEX R&D Inc., and IBEX Technologies Delaware Corp., previously filed with the Commission on November 6, 2001 as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-72866), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.5* Acquisition Agreement for a Plan of Arrangement by and among the Company, BioMarin Acquisition (Nova Scotia) Company, and Glyko Biomedical Ltd., dated February 6, 2002. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware Corporation, previously filed with the Commission on July 6, 1999 as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.2* Amended and Restated Bylaws of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware corporation. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.1 Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Officers, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.2 1997 Stock Plan, as amended on December 22, 1998, and forms of agreements, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.3 1998 Director Option Plan and forms of agreements thereunder, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.4 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and forms of agreements thereunder, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.5 Form of Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement by and among the Company and the investors named therein, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.6 Amended and Restated Founder's Stock Purchase Agreement with Grant W. Denison, Jr. dated as of October 1, 1997 with exhibits, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.7 Amended and Restated Founder's Stock Purchase Agreement with Dr. Christopher M. Starr dated as of October 1, 1997 with exhibits, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.8 Employment Agreement with Fredric D. Price dated December 22, 2000, previously filed with the Commission on January 11, 2001 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-48800), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.9 Employment Agreement with Dr. Christopher M. Starr dated June 26, 1997, as amended, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.10 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.10 Employment Agreement with Stuart J. Swiedler, M.D., Ph.D., dated May 29, 1998, as amended, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.12 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.11 Employment Agreement with Emil Kakkis, M.D., Ph.D., dated June 30, 1998, as amended, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.12 Employment Agreement between Brian K. Brandley, Ph.D. and Glyko, Inc. dated February 22, 1998, as amended, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.13 Employment Agreement with Robert Baffi dated April 20, 2000, previously filed with the Commission on March 20, 2001 as Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.14** License Agreement with W.R. Grace & Co. effective January 1, 2001, previously filed with the Commission on May 10, 2001 as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.15** Grant Terms and Conditions Agreement with Harbor-UCLA Research and Education Institute dated April 1, 1997, as amended, previously filed with the Commission July 21, 1999 as Exhibit 10.17 to the Company's Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.16** License Agreement with Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia dated August 14, 1998, previously filed with the Commission July 21, 1999 as Exhibit 10.18 to the Company's Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.17 Lease Agreement dated May 18, 1998 for 371 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard, as amended, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.19 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.18* Amendment To Lease Agreement dated October 3, 2000 for 371 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.19 Standard NNN Lease dated June 25, 1998 for 46 Galli Drive, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.20 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.20* First Amendment to Lease dated April 14, 2000 for 46 Galli Drive. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.21 Standard Industrial Commercial Single-Tenant Lease dated May 29, 1998 for 95 Digital Drive (formerly referred to as 110 Digital Drive), as amended, previously filed with the Commission on May 4, 1999 as Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.22* Agreement of Sublease dated July 27, 2001 for 79 Digital Drive. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.23 Collaboration Agreement with Genzyme Corporation dated September 4, 1998, previously filed with the Commission on July 21, 1999 as Exhibit 10.24 to the Company's Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.24 Operating Agreement with Genzyme Corporation, previously filed with the Commission on July 21, 1999 as Exhibit 10.30 to the Company's Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-77701), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.25 Common Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company. and Acqua Wellington North American Equities Fund, Ltd. dated January 26, 2001, previously filed with the Commission on January 29, 2002 as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-48800), which is incorporated herein by reference. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10.26* Second Amended and Restated Agreement for Plan of Arrangement by and among the Company, BioMarin Delivery Canada Inc. and Synapse Technologies Inc., dated February 4, 2002. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21.1* List of Subsidiaries. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23.1* Consent of Independent Public Accountants. - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24.1* Power of Attorney (Included in Signature Page) - -------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99.1* Letter from the Company to the SEC pursuant to Temporary Note 3T - -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Filed herewith ** This exhibit has been granted confidential treatment 30 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. Dated: March 25, 2002 By: /s/ Fredric D. Price - ---------------------------------- ---------------------------- Fredric D. Price Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Fredric D. Price, his attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to the Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. In accordance with the Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date /s/ Fredric D. Price March 25, 2002 - ----------------------------------- -------------- Fredric D. Price Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Kim R. Tsuchimoto-Evans March 25, 2002 - ----------------------------------- -------------- Kim R. Tsuchimoto-Evans Vice President, Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Grant W. Denison, Jr. March 25, 2002 - ----------------------------------- -------------- Grant W. Denison, Jr. Director /s/ Phyllis I. Gardner, M.D. March 25, 2002 - ----------------------------------- -------------- Phyllis I. Gardner, M.D. Director /s/ Erich Sager March 25, 2002 - ----------------------------------- -------------- Erich Sager Director /s/ Gwynn R. Williams March 25, 2002 - ----------------------------------- -------------- Gwynn R. Williams Director 31 INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. Financial Statements Report of Independent Public Accountants F1 Consolidated Balance Sheets F2 Consolidated Statements of Operations F3 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity F4 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F7 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F8 32 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS To the Stockholders of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (a Delaware corporation in the development stage) and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2000 and 2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, and 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, and 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. /s/ Arthur Andersen LLP San Francisco, California February 21, 2002 F1 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development-stage company) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2000 and 2001 (In thousands, except for share and per share data) December 31, ------------------------------------------- 2000 2001 --------------------- --------------------- Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 16,530 $ 12,528 Short-term investments 23,671 118,569 Due from BioMarin/Genzyme LLC 1,799 3,096 Current assets of discontinued operations of Glyko, Inc. 918 668 Other current assets 1,623 1,922 --------------------- --------------------- Total current assets 44,541 136,783 Property and equipment, net 20,715 32,560 Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC 1,482 1,145 Note receivable from officer - 889 Non-current assets of discontinued operations of Glyko, Inc. 9,862 - Deposits 333 434 --------------------- --------------------- Total assets $ 76,933 $ 171,811 ===================== ===================== Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 4,647 $ 4,284 Accrued liabilities 1,951 2,198 Current liabilities of discontinued operations of Glyko, Inc. 258 229 Current portion of capital lease obligations - 66 Short term portion of notes payable 27 1,525 --------------------- --------------------- Total current liabilities 6,883 8,302 Long-term liabilities: Long term portion of notes payable 56 3,864 Long term portion of capital lease obligations - 97 --------------------- --------------------- Total liabilities 6,939 12,263 --------------------- --------------------- Commitments and Contingencies (note 8) Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $0.001 par value: 75,000,000 shares authorized, 36,921,966 and 52,402,355 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively 37 52 Additional paid-in capital 153,940 305,230 Warrants - 5,134 Deferred compensation (1,530) (699) Notes receivable from stockholders (1,940) (2,037) Foreign currency translation adjustment - (13) Deficit accumulated during the development stage (80,513) (148,119) ------------------------------------------- Total stockholders' equity 69,994 159,548 ------------------------------------------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 76,933 $ 171,811 =========================================== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F2 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development-stage company) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and for the Period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001 (In thousands, except per share data) Period from March 21, 1997 December 31, (inception) to ------------------------------------------------ December 31, 1999 2000 2001 2001 --------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- Revenues: BioMarin/Genzyme LLC 5,300 9,714 11,330 27,198 Other revenues - - 369 369 --------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- Total revenues 5,300 9,714 11,699 27,567 --------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- Operating costs and expenses: Research and development 26,341 34,459 45,283 118,283 General and administrative 4,757 6,507 6,718 22,044 In-process research and development - - 11,647 11,647 Facility closure - 4,423 - 4,423 --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- Total operating costs and expenses 31,098 45,389 63,648 156,397 --------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- Loss from operations (25,798) (35,675) (51,949) (128,830) Interest income 1,832 2,979 1,871 7,432 Interest expense (732) (7) (17) (756) Equity in loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (1,673) (2,912) (7,333) (11,965) --------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- Net loss from continuing operations (26,371) (35,615) (57,428) (134,119) Loss from discontinued operations (1,701) (1,749) (2,266) (6,088) Loss from disposal of discontinued operations - - (7,912) (7,912) --------------- -------------- -------------- --------------- Net loss $ (28,072) $ (37,364) $ (67,606) $ (148,119) =============== ============== ============== =============== Net loss per share, basic and diluted Loss from continuing operations $ (0.88) $ (0.99) $ (1.40) $ (4.72) =============== ============== ============== =============== Loss from discontinuing operations $ (0.06) $ (0.05) $ (0.06) $ (0.22) =============== ============== ============== =============== Loss on disposal of discontinued operations $ - $ - $ (0.19) $ (0.28) =============== ============== ============== =============== Net loss $ (0.94) $ (1.04) $ (1.65) $ (5.22) =============== ============== ============== =============== Weighted average common shares outstanding 29,944 35,859 41,083 28,391 =============== ============== ============== =============== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F3 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development stage company) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 (In thousands, except per share data) Deficit Note Foreign Accumulated Additional Receivable Currency During Total Common Stock Paid-in Warrants Deferred from Trans- Development Stockholders' Shares Amount Capital Amount Comp. Stockholder lation Stage Equity ------ ------ ---------- ------- --------- ------------ -------- ----------- ------------- Balance at January 1, 2001 36,947 $37 $153,940 - $(1,530) $ (1,940) $ - $ (80,513) $ 69,994 Issuance of common stock under ESPP on April 30 and October 31, 2001 at $9.22 and $9.51 per share, respectively 35 - 288 - - - - - 288 Issuance of 1,345 shares of common stock to Acqua Wellington for cash in five transactions priced from $9.60 to $10.16 per share net of issuance costs 1,344 1 13,163 - - - - - 13,164 Issuance of 4,870 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 753 shares of common stock on May 16 and 17, 2001 at $9.45 per share, net of issuance costs 4,870 5 37,507 5,134 - - - - 42,646 Issuance of 814 shares of common stock on October 31, 2001 at $10.218 per share to purchase certain therapeutic assets of IBEX 814 1 8,323 - - - - - 8,324 Issuance of stock options on October 31, 2001 in connection with the IBEX acquisition - - 291 - - - - - 291 Issuance of 8,050 shares of common stock on December 13, 2001 in a public offering at $12 per share net of issuance costs 8,050 8 90,363 - - - - - 90,371 Exercise of common stock options 342 - 1,258 - - - - - 1,258 Interest accrued on notes receivable - - 97 - - (97) - - - Foreign currency translation - - - - - - (13) - (13) Amortization of deferred compensation - - - - 831 - - - 831 Net loss - - - - - - - (67,606) (67,606) ------ ------ -------- ------ -------- --------- ------- ---------- --------- Balance at December 31, 2001 52,402 $ 52 $305,230 $5,134 $(699) $(2,037) $ (13) $(148,119) $159,548 ====== ====== ======== ====== ======== ========= ======= ========== ========= The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F4 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development stage company) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 (In thousands, except per share data) Deficit Note Accumulated Additional Receivable Foreign During Total Common Stock Paid-in Warrants Deferred from Currency Development SH's Shares Amount Capital Shares Amount Comp. Stockholder Translation Stage Equity ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------------ ----------- ----------- ------ Balance at January 1, 2000 34,832 $35 $146,592 802 $128 $(2,591) $ (2,638) $ - (43,149) $98,377 Issuance of common stock on April 30, 2000 pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan at $11.05 per share 18 - 199 - - - - - - 199 Issuance of common stock on October 31, 2000 pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan at $11.05 per share 10 - 115 - - - - - - 115 Exercise of common stock options 1,301 1 5,674 - - - - - - 5,675 Exercise of common stock warrants 802 1 929 (802) (128) - - - - 802 Common stock surrendered by stockholders for payment of principal and interest (41) - (170) - - - 170 - - - Repayment of notes from stockholders - - - - - - 804 - - 804 Interest on notes receivable - - 276 - - - (276) - - - Amortization of deferred compensation - - - - - 1,386 - - - 1,386 Deferred compensation related to stock and option issuances, net of terminations 25 - 325 - - (325) - - - - Net loss - - - - - - - - (37,364) (37,364) ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ -------- --------- --------- --------- ------- Balance at December 31, 2000 36,947 $ 37 $153,940 - $ - $(1,530) $(1,940) $ - $(80,513) $69,994 ====== ====== ========= ====== ====== ========= ========= ========= ========= ======= The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F5 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development stage company) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 (In thousands, except per share data) Deficit Notes Accumulated Additional Receivable During Total Common Stock Paid-in Warrants Deferred from Development SH's Shares Amount Capital Shares Amount Comp. Stockholders Stage Equity ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------------ ------- -------- Balance, January 1, 1999............... 26,176 $ 26 $ 50,058 802 $ 128 $(3,253) $(2,488) $(15,077) $ 29,394 Issuance of common stock on July 23, 1999, in an initial public offering (IPO) for cash at $13.00 per share (net of issuance costs of $7) ........ 4,500 4 51,805 -- -- -- -- -- 51,809 Issuance of common stock on July 23, 1999 to Genzyme Corporation in a private placement concurrent with the IPO for cash at $13.00 per share..... 769 1 9,999 -- -- -- -- -- 10,000 Issuance of common stock on July 23, 1999 concurrent with the IPO upon con- version of promissory notes plus accrued interest of $720 at $10.00 pershare (net of issuance costs of $1)....... 2,672 3 25,612 -- -- -- -- -- 25,615 Issuance of common stock on August 3, 1999 and August 25, 1999 from the over- allotment exercise by underwriters at $13.00 per share (net of issuance costs of $1)........................ 675 1 8,141 -- -- -- -- -- 8,142 Exercise of common stock options....... 40 -- 148 -- -- -- -- -- 148 Interest on notes receivable from stockholders.......................... -- -- 150 -- -- -- (150) -- -- Deferred compensation related to stock options.............................. -- -- 679 -- -- (679) -- -- -- Amortization of deferred compensation. -- -- -- -- -- 1,341 -- -- 1,341 Net loss............................... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (28,072) (28,072) ------ ------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------------ ------- -------- Balance, December 31, 1999.............. 34,832 $ 35 $146,592 802 $ 128 $(2,591) $(2,638) $(43,149) $ 98,377 ====== ====== ========= ====== ====== ========= ========= ========= ======== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F6 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development-stage company) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows the Years Ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and for the Period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001 (In thousands) Period from March 21, December 31, 1997 (inception) to -------------------------------------------- December 31, 1999 2000 2001 2001 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss from continuing operations $ (26,371) $ (35,615) $ (57,428) $ (134,119) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: In-process research and development - - 11,647 11,647 Facility closure - 3,791 - 3,791 Depreciation 4,074 4,347 6,173 14,907 Amortization of deferred compensation 1,341 1,386 831 3,761 Loss from bioMarin/Genzyme LLC 6,973 12,635 18,509 38,164 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Due from BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (861) (519) (1,297) (3,096) Other current assets 383 (720) (299) (1,266) Note receivable from officer - - (889) (889) Deposits (72) (182) (101) (434) Accounts Payable 1,754 1,552 (363) 4,383 Accrued liabilities 1,326 148 247 2,519 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash used in continuing operations (11,453) (13,177) (22,970) (60,632) Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations (1,487) 444 (95) 749 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of property and equipment (22,944) (3,760) (17,812) (51,051) Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (6,709) (13,696) (18,172) (39,309) Purchase of IBEX therapeutic assets - - (3,032) (3,032) Purchase (sale) of short-term investments (37,597) 15,902 (94,898) (118,569) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash used in continuing operations (67,250) (1,554) (133,914) (211,961) Net cash used in discontinued operations (1,500) (163) - (1,663) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash used in investing activities (68,750) (1,717) (133,914) (213,624) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash flows from financing activities: Net proceeds from sale of common stock, net 69,951 - 133,017 232,823 Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes 25,615 - - 25,615 Net proceeds from Acqua Wellington agreement - - 13,163 13,163 Proceeds from exercise of common stock options and warrants 148 6,477 1,258 7,695 Net proceeds from notes payable - - 5,505 5,639 Repayment of notes payable (24) (28) (198) (250) Repayment of capital lease obligations - - (43) (43) Receipts from notes receivable from stockholders - 804 - 804 Issuance of common stock for ESPP, and other - 314 288 602 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash provided by financing activities 95,690 7,567 152,990 286,048 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Effect of foreign currency translation on cash - - (13) (13) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Net increase (decrease) in cash 14,000 (6,883) (4,002) 12,528 Cash and cash equivalents: Beginning of period 9,413 23,413 16,530 - ------------------------------------------------------------------ End of period $ 23,413 $16,530 $12,528 $12,528 ==================================================================
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. F7 BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and Subsidiaries (a development-stage company) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BUSINESS RISKS: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (the Company or BioMarin) is a biopharmaceutical company specializing in the development of enzyme therapies for debilitating life-threatening chronic genetic diseases and other diseases and conditions. Since March 21, 1997 (inception), the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to research and development activities, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, the establishment of laboratory, clinical and commercial manufacturing facilities, clinical manufacturing, and related administrative activities. The Company was incorporated on October 25, 1996 in the state of Delaware and first began business on March 21, 1997 (inception) as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Glyko Biomedical Ltd. (GBL). Subsequently, BioMarin has issued stock to outside investors in a series of transactions, resulting in GBL's ownership of BioMarin's outstanding common stock being reduced to 22 percent at December 31, 2001. On October 7, 1998, the Company acquired Glyko, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of GBL, in a transaction valued at $14.5 million. The transaction was accounted for as a purchase and resulted in Glyko, Inc. becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Glyko, Inc. provides products and services that perform sophisticated carbohydrate analysis for research institutions and commercial laboratories. In February 2002, the Company decided to close the carbohydrate analytical business portion of Glyko, Inc. which provided all of Glyko, Inc.'s revenues. Accordingly, the Company recorded a Glyko, Inc. closure expense of $7.9 million in the 2001 consolidated statements of operations. This charge consisted primarily of an impairment reserve against the unamortized balance of goodwill and other intangible assets related to the acquisition of Glyko, Inc. The majority of the Glyko, Inc. employees will be incorporated into the BioMarin business and such employees will continue to provide necessary analytic and diagnostic support to the Company's therapeutic products. The net loss of Glyko, Inc.'s operations is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as loss from discontinued operations. Revenues from Glyko, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001 were $1.7 million, $2.6 million, $2.7 million and $7.4 million respectively. In September 2001, the Company formed BioMarin Enzymes, Inc. as a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in Delaware and BioMarin Pharmaceutical Nova Scotia Company, an unlimited liability company formed in Nova Scotia and a wholly-owned subsidiary of BioMarin Enzymes, Inc. Both entities were formed to purchase the therapeutic assets of IBEX Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries on October 31, 2001. On October 31, 2001, the Company purchased from IBEX Technologies Inc. (TSE: IBT) and its subsidiaries the intellectual property and other assets associated with the IBEX therapeutic enzyme drug products (including NeutralaseTM and PhenylaseTM) for $10.4 million, consisting of $2 million in cash and $8.4 million in BioMarin common stock at $10.218 per share (814,647 shares). See also Note 3. Through December 31, 2001, the Company had accumulated losses during its development stage of approximately $148.1 million. Based on current plans, management expects to incur further losses at least through 2003. Management believes that the Company's cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances at December 31, 2001 will be sufficient to meet the Company's obligations through the end of 2003. F8 Business Risks - The Company is exposed to the following risks: o There can be no assurance that the Company's research and development efforts will be successfully completed or that its product candidates will be shown to be safe and effective. o Certain of the Company's product candidates rely on proprietary technology and patents owned by certain universities and other institutions and licensed to BioMarin. These universities also provide research and development services. Cessation of relationships with these universities could significantly affect the Company's future operations. o In order to grow significantly, the Company must expand its efforts to develop new products in pharmaceutical applications. The Company will also need to enhance manufacturing capabilities, to develop marketing capabilities, and/or enter into collaborative arrangements with third parties having the capacity for such manufacturing or marketing. o There can be no assurance that any of the Company's current or future product candidates will be successfully developed, prove to be effective in clinical trials, receive required regulatory approvals, be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at reasonable costs, gain reasonable reimbursement levels, or be successfully marketed. In addition, the Company is subject to a number of risks, including the need for additional financing, dependence on key personnel, small patient populations, patent protection, significant competition from larger organizations, dependence on corporate partners and collaborators, and expected restrictions on reimbursement, as well as other changes in the healthcare industry. 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: Basis of Presentation--These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BioMarin and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Glyko, Inc., BioMarin Enzymes, Inc., BioMarin Nova Scotia and BioMarin Genetics, Inc. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Discontinued Operations--The decision to close Glyko, Inc. has resulted in the operations of Glyko Inc. being classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, the Company has segregated the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2000 and 2001. In addition, the Company has segregated the operating results in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001; and has segregated cash flows from discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows for the same periods. The notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the classification of Glyko Inc. operations as discontinued operations. The loss on disposal of discontinued operations included in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations reflects certain adjustments required at December 31, 2001 primarily to record an impairment reserve against the unamortized goodwill related to Glyko, Inc. of approximately $7.8 million. Concentration of Credit Risk--Financial instruments that may potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. All cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are placed in financial institutions with strong credit ratings, which minimizes the risk of loss due to nonpayment. The Company has not experienced any losses due to credit impairment or other factors related to its financial instruments. Use of Estimates--The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents--For the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company treats liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months when purchased as cash and cash equivalents. Short-Term Investments--The Company records its investments as held-to- maturity. These investments are recorded at amortized cost at December 31, 2001. These securities are comprised mainly of Federal Agency investments, commercial paper and bank certificates of deposit. F9 Investment in BioMarin/Genzyme LLC and Related Revenue - Under the terms of the Company's joint venture agreement with Genzyme (see note 10), the Company and Genzyme have each agreed to provide 50 percent of the funding for the joint venture. All research and development, sales and marketing, and other activities performed by Genzyme and the Company on behalf of the joint venture are billed to the joint venture at cost. Any profits or losses of the joint venture are shared equally by the two parties. BioMarin provided $39.3 million in funding to the joint venture from inception through December 31, 2001. During the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) through December 31, 2001, the Company incurred expenses and billed $10.6 million, $19.4 million, $22.6 million and $54.4 million, respectively, for services provided to the joint venture under the Agreement. Of these amounts, $5.3 million, $9.7 million, $11.3 million and $27.2 million, respectively, or 50 percent, was recognized as revenue in accordance with the Company's policy of recognizing revenue to the extent that research and development costs billed to the joint venture have been funded by Genzyme. At December 31, 2000, and 2001, the Company had receivables of $1.8 million and $3.1 million, respectively, related to these billings. The Company accounts for its investment in the joint venture using the equity method. Accordingly, the Company records a reduction in its investment in the joint venture for its 50 percent share of the loss of the joint venture. The percentage of the costs incurred by the Company and billed to the joint venture that are funded by the Company (50 percent), is recorded as a credit to the Company's equity in the loss of the joint venture. The following table summarizes the components of the Company's recorded equity in loss of BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (in thousands): March 21, 1997 (inception) to Years ended December 31, December 31, 2001 ------------------------------------ --------------------- ---------- ------------ ------------ 1999 2000 2001 ---------- ------------ ------------ 50 percent of joint venture net loss $(6,973) $(12,643) $(18,663) $(39,163) 50 percent of services billed by the Company to joint venture 5,300 9,731 11,330 27,198 ---------- ------------ ------------ --------------------- $(1,673) $ (2,912) $ (7,333) $(11,965) ========== ============ ============ =====================
At December 31, 2001 the summarized assets and liabilities of the joint venture and its results of operations from inception to December 31, 2001 are as follows (in thousands): Assets $ 7,628 ======== Liabilities $ 5,338 Net equity 2,290 -------- $ 7,628 ======== Cumulative net loss $ 77,918 ======== Property and Equipment--Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the related estimated useful lives. Significant additions and improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. As of December 31, 2000 and 2001, property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands): December 31, ------------------------------- Category 2000 2001 Estimated Useful Lives - ------------------------------------ --------------- --------------- ------------------------ Computer hardware and software $ 678 $ 1,532 3 years Office furniture and equipment 1,056 1,557 5 years Manufacturing/Laboratory Equipment 9,323 11,769 5 years Leasehold improvements 16,685 30,886 Shorter of life of asset or lease term Construction in progress 1,048 1,064 ------------------------------- 28,790 46,808 Less: Accumulated depreciation (8,075) (14,248) ------------------------------- Total property and equipment, net $20,715 $32,560 ===============================
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001 and for the period March 21, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 2001, was, $4.1 million, $4.3 million, $6.2 million and $14.9 million, respectively. F10 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets--In connection with the acquisition of Glyko, Inc. in 1998, the Company recorded intangible assets of $11.7 million. Additional intangible assets of $891,000 were recorded in connection with the acquisition by Glyko, Inc. of the key assets of the bio-chemical research reagent division of Oxford GlycoSciences Plc. (OGS), a company not related to Glyko, Inc. During 2000, the Company revised its estimate of the useful life of these intangible assets downward to 7 years; the effect of this change increased amortization expense in 2000. As indicated in Note 1, the Company recorded an impairment reserve against the unamortized balance of $7.8 million at December 31, 2001 as a result of the Company's decision to close the business. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets--The Company regularly reviews long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets by measuring the carrying amount of the assets against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with them. At the time such evaluations indicate that the future undiscounted cash flows of certain long-lived assets are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of such assets, the assets are adjusted to their fair values. Accrued Liabilities--As of December 31, 2000 and 2001, accrued liabilities consisted of the following: December 31, ----------------------------- 2000 2001 -------------- -------------- Vacation $ 365 $ 602 Construction in progress 225 - ESPP/401K 167 528 Other 1,194 1,068 -------------- -------------- Total $ 1,951 $ 2,198 ============== ============== Revenue Recognition--Revenue from the joint venture is recognized to the extent that research and development costs billed by the Company have been funded by Genzyme. Research and Development--Research and development expenses include the expenses associated with contract research and development provided by third parties, research and development provided in connection with the joint venture including manufacturing, clinical and regulatory costs, and internal research and development costs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Net Income (Loss) per Share--Net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding and potential common shares during the period. Potential common shares include dilutive shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding common stock options, warrants, and contingent issuances of common stock. For periods in which the Company has losses (all periods presented), such potential common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect is antidilutive. Potentially dilutive securities include (in thousands): December 31, -------------------------------------- 1999 2000 2001 ------------ ------------ ------------ Options to purchase common stock 5,450 5,539 7,767 Warrants to purchase common stock 802 - 753 ------------ ------------ ------------ Total 6,252 5,539 8,520 ============ ============ ============ Segment Reporting--The Company operates in two segments. The Analytic and Diagnostic segment represents the operations of Glyko, Inc. which involve the manufacture and sale of analytic and diagnostic products (See Note 1 regarding closure of Glyko, Inc. and the associated discontinued operations treatment). The Pharmaceutical segment represents the research and development activities related to the development and commercialization of carbohydrate enzyme therapeutics. Management of the Company has concluded that the operations of the Analytic and Diagnostic segment are immaterial to the Company's overall activities and, thus, disclosure of segment information is not required. F11 Recent Accounting Pronouncements--On June 29, 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141, Business Combinations, and SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Major provisions of these Statements are as follows: all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 must use the purchase method of accounting; intangible assets acquired in a business combination must be recorded separately; all acquired goodwill must be assigned to reporting units for purposes of impairment testing and segment reporting; effective January 1, 2002, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives will not be amortized but will be tested for impairment annually using a fair value approach; other intangible assets will continue to be valued and amortized over their estimated lives; in-process research and development acquired in business combinations will continue to be written off immediately. Management does not expect this standard to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations." Management does not expect this standard to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." SFAS No. 144 broadens the presentation of discontinued operations to include more transactions and eliminates the need to accrue for future operating losses. Additionally, SFAS No. 144 prohibits the retroactive classification of assets as held for sale and requires revisions to the depreciable lives of long-lived assets to be abandoned. SFAS No. 144 will be effective January 1, 2002 for the Company. Management does not expect this standard to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. Reclassifications--Certain items in the prior year consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. 3. PURCHASE OF IBEX THERAPEUTIC ASSETS On October 31, 2001, the Company purchased from IBEX Technologies Inc. (TSE: IBT) and its subsidiaries the intellectual property and other assets associated with the IBEX therapeutic enzyme drug products (including Neutralase and Phenylase) for $10.4 million, consisting of $2 million in cash and $8.4 million in BioMarin common stock at $10.218 dollars per share (814,647 shares). In connection with the purchase of IBEX, the Company issued options to purchase 43,861 shares of the Company's common stock. These options were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the resulting valuation of $291,000 was included as additional purchase price. The purchase agreement includes up to approximately $9.5 million in contingency payments upon regulatory approval of Neutralase and Phenylase, provided that approval occurs prior to October 31, 2006. The transaction did not meet the criteria of a business combination as outlined in EITF 98-3 "Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or of a Business" as, upon acquisition, the assets acquired did not have any significant business outputs. Accordingly, all of the purchase price plus related expenses totaling $11.7 million was attributed to in-process research and development and was expensed in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The following unaudited pro forma summary financial information (in thousands, except for per share information) displays the consolidated results of operations of the Company as if the acquisition of the assets of IBEX had occurred on January 1, 2000 and was carried forward through December 31, 2001. Preparation of the pro forma summary information was based on assumptions deemed appropriate by the Company. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have occurred if the acquisition had been consummated on January 1, 2000 nor does it purport to represent the future financial position of operations for future periods: Year ended December 31 2000 2001 ---------------- --------------- Revenues $ 9,731 $ 11,699 Operating expenses (59,163) (53,457) ---------------- --------------- Loss from continuing operations (49,372) (47,237) Net loss (50,956) (57,282) Net loss per share (basic and diluted) $(1.39) $(1.37) Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted) 36,674 41,898 4. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Common Stock and Warrants--The Company closed a number of private placements in 1997 and 1998. In connection with these placements, an entity with which the former chief executive officer and chairman of the board is affiliated (see Note 7) was issued a total of 899,500 shares (valued at $1.4 million) and warrants (valued at $0.1 million) to purchase an additional 801,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1 per share. These issuances were made for brokerage services rendered in connection with these placements and were accounted for as a cost of raising capital. The warrants were exercised in August 2000. F12 In July 1999, the Company completed its initial public offering raising net proceeds (including the exercise of the over-allotment) of $60 million. On May 16, 2001, the Company sold 4,763,712 shares of common stock at $9.45 per share and, for no additional consideration, issued three-year warrants to purchase 714,554 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $13.10 per share and received net proceeds of $41.6 million. Also, on May 17, 2001, a fund managed by Acqua Wellington purchased 105,821 shares of common stock and received warrants to purchase 15,873 shares of common stock on the same price and terms as the May 16, 2001 transaction; the Company received net proceeds of $1 million. The Company allocated a portion of the proceeds to warrants in the consolidated balance sheet based on the estimated fair value of the warrants. The fair value of the warrants was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. In August 2001, the Company signed an amended agreement with Acqua Wellington North American Equities Fund Ltd. (Acqua Wellington) for an equity investment in the Company. The agreement allows for the purchase of up to $27.7 million (approximately 2,500,000 shares). Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will have the option to request that Acqua Wellington invest in the Company through sales of registered common stock at a small discount to market price. The maximum amount that the Company may request to be bought in any one month is dependent upon the market price of the stock (or an amount that can be mutually agreed-upon by both parties) and is referred to as the "Draw Down Amount." Subject to certain conditions, Acqua Wellington is obligated to purchase this amount if requested to do so by the Company. In addition, the Company may, at its discretion, grant a "Call Option" to Acqua Wellington for an additional investment in an amount up to the "Draw Down Amount" which Acqua Wellington may or may not choose to exercise. During 2001, Acqua Wellington purchased 1,344,194 shares for $13.5 million ($13.2 million net of issuance costs). Under this agreement, Acqua Wellington may also purchase stock and receive similar terms of any other equity financing by the Company. On December 13, 2001, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of its common stock. In the offering, the Company sold 8,050,000 shares, including 1,050,000 shares to cover over-allotments, at a price to the public of $12.00 per share. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $90.4 million. Notes Receivable from Stockholders--These originated from the October 1997 issuance of 2.5 million shares of Founders' Stock to three officers. The notes carried an interest rate of 6%; since this was less than the then-market rate of 9%, an interest discount and related deferred compensation of $200,000 was recorded. The deferred compensation was recognized as an expense over the term of the notes. The notes were originally due on March 31, 2001 and are secured by the underlying stock. The notes contained buy-back and vesting provisions. Two of the three executives have left the Company. For the first officer, the Company repurchased 33,334 of his shares at his original purchase price and reduced his note balance by the same amount. This officer repaid the remaining balance and interest in 2000. The second and third officers have not yet fully repaid their loans but repayment is expected in 2002 including interest that is continuing to be accrued. The notes are classified in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a reduction of stockholders' equity. Deferred Compensation--In connection with certain stock option and stock grants to employees from 1998 to 2000, the Company recorded deferred compensation totaling $4.2 million, which is being amortized over the estimated service periods of the grantees. Amortization expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, and 2001 was $1.3 million, $1.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively. 5. STOCK OPTION PLANS: The Board of Directors and stockholders have approved two plans: o The 1997 Stock Plan (the 1997 Plan) provides for the grant of stock options and the issuance of common stock to employees, officers, directors and consultants. As of December 31, 2001, 9,172,451 shares were reserved for issuance under the 1997 Plan. o The 1998 Director Option Plan (the Director Plan) provides for the grant of stock options and the issuance of common stock to non-employee directors. As of December 31, 2001, options to purchase 185,000 shares were outstanding and options to purchase 500,000 shares were authorized by the Director Plan. Options currently outstanding under the 1997 Plan and 1998 Director Plan (the Plans) generally have vesting schedules of up to four years. Options terminate from 5-10 years from the date of grant or 90 days after termination of employment. F13 The Company accounts for option grants in accordance with APB 25. Had compensation cost for option grants to employees under the Plans been determined consistent with the fair value provisions of SFAS No. 123, the effect on the Company's net loss would have been as follows: Period from March 21, 1997 Years ended December 31, (Inception) to -------------------------------------------- December 31, 1999 2000 2001 2001 -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- Net loss as reported $ (28,072) $ (37,364) $ (67,606) $ (148,119) Pro forma effect of SFAS No. 123 (1,074) (5,412) (13,875) (20,544) -------------- -------------- -------------- -------------- Pro forma net loss $ (29,146) $ (42,776) $ (81,481) $ (168,663) ============== ============== ============== ============== Net loss per common share as reported $ (0.94) $ (1.04) $ (1.65) $ (5.22) ============== ============== ============== ============== Pro forma loss per common share $ (0.97) $ (1.19) $ (1.98) $ (5.94) ============== ============== ============== ==============
A summary of the status of the Company's Plans is as follows: Weighted Average Exercisable Weighted Average Exercise at End of Fair Value of Option Shares Price Year Options Granted ------------- ------------- ------------- ---------------- Outstanding at March 21, 1997 - ------------- Granted 297,000 $1.00 $0.22 ------------- Outstanding at December 31, 1997 297,000 1.00 232,000 ============= Granted 2,507,660 4.18 $2.40 Exercised (1,973) 1.00 Canceled (1,447) 1.00 ------------- Outstanding at December 31, 1998 2,801,240 3.85 761,609 ============= Granted 2,877,430 11.35 $8.80 Exercised (40,148) 3.69 Canceled (188,536) 9.28 ------------- Outstanding at December 31, 1999 5,449,986 7.59 1,922,041 ============= ============= Granted 1,881,310 15.83 $13.27 Exercised (1,300,532) 4.36 Canceled (491,506) 11.70 ------------- Outstanding at December 31, 2000 5,539,258 10.92 2,067,302 ============= ============= Granted 2,844,206 10.80 $8.22 Exercised (343,560) 3.72 Canceled (273,226) 14.21 --------------- Outstanding at December 31, 2001 7,766,678 11.18 3,682,150 =============== =============
There were 1,048,661 and 219,560 options available for grant under the Plans at December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. F14 As of December 31, 2001, the options outstanding consisted of the following: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable - ------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- Weighted Average Weighted Average Weighted Range of Exercise Number of Options Contractual Exercise Number of Options Average Exercise Prices Outstanding Life Price Exercisable Price - ------------------- ------------------- ------------- ---------- ------------------- ------------------ $0.00 to $3.50 103,523 0.7 $1.07 103,523 $1.07 $3.50 to $7.00 1,699,903 4.0 $5.35 1,376,818 $5.24 $7.01 to $10.50 1,644,037 8.9 $9.43 539,178 $9.45 $10.51 to $14.00 3,030,947 7.1 $12.60 1,026,982 $12.68 $14.01 to $17.50 691,394 4.6 $15.83 358,365 $15.81 $17.51 to $21.00 265,874 6.5 $19.40 132,621 $19.66 $21.01 to $24.50 220,000 8.1 $21.63 93,541 $21.96 $24.51 to $28.00 96,000 3.2 $25.88 43,935 $25.90 $28.00 to $31.50 15,000 3.2 $31.25 7,187 $31.25 ------------------- ------------------- 7,766,678 3,682,150 =================== ===================
The following summarizes the assumptions used to determine the fair value of each option using the Black-Scholes option pricing model: Dividend Dates of Grant Interest Rate Yield Life Volatility - -------------------------------------- --------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Inception to July 22, 1999 (pre-IPO) 4.6% to 5.7% 0.00% 4 years 0% July 22, 1999 to December 31, 1999 5.8% to 6.1% 0.00% 4 years 39% January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000 4.6% to 6.8% 0.00% 4 years 105% January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2001 3.9% to 4.9% 0.00% 4 years 76%
6. NOTE PAYABLE: During December 2001, the Company entered into three separate agreements with General Electric Capital Corporation for secured loans totaling $5.5 million. The notes bear interest (ranging from 9.1% to 9.31%) and are secured by certain manufacturing and laboratory equipment not purchased with the proceeds. Additionally, one of the agreements is subject to a covenant that requires the Company to maintain a minimum unrestricted cash balance of $25 million. Should the unrestricted cash balance fall below $25 million, the note is subject to prepayment, including prepayment penalties ranging from 1 percent to 4 percent. Principal payments due on notes payable subsequent to December 31, 2001, are as follows (in thousands): 2002 $ 1,525 2003 1,803 2004 1,948 2005 113 ---------------- $ 5,389 ================ 7. INCOME TAXES: The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company's primary temporary differences relate to items expensed for financial reporting purposes but not currently deductible for income tax purposes, consisting primarily of depreciable lives for property and equipment. F15 As of December 31, 2001, net operating loss carryforwards are approximately $120.6 million and $57.6 million for federal and California income tax purposes, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards include net operating losses of $12.6 million for federal purposes related to Glyko, Inc. These federal and state carryforwards expire beginning in the year 2011 and 2004, respectively. The Company also has research and development credits available to reduce future federal and California income taxes of approximately $3.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2001. These credits include credits related to Glyko, Inc. of approximately $0.7 million and $0.4 million for federal and California purposes, respectively. These federal and state carryforwards expire beginning in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The Company also has orphan drug credits available to reduce future federal income taxes, if any, of approximately $13.6 million at December 31, 2001. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 contains provisions that may limit the net operating loss carryforwards and research and development credits available to be used in any given year should certain events occur, including sale of equity securities and other changes in ownership. The acquisition of Glyko, Inc. and the related issuance of stock represented a change of ownership under these provisions. As a result of this and the proposed exiting of the Glyko business, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to utilize net operating loss carryforwards and credits before expiration. The Company has a cumulative net operating loss carryforward since inception, resulting in net deferred tax assets of approximately $61.5 million. A valuation allowance has been placed on the net deferred tax assets to reduce them to an assumed net realizable value of zero. 8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES: Lease Commitments--The Company leases office space and research and testing laboratory space in various facilities under operating agreements expiring at various dates through 2010. Future minimum lease payments for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands): 2002................. $ 2,548 2003................. 2,566 2004................. 2,392 2005................. 2,093 2006................. 1,924 Thereafter........... 5,715 ---------- Total...... $ 17,238 ========== Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000 and 2001, and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception), to December 31, 2001, was $1.1 million, $1.5 million, $2.2 million and $5.2 million, respectively. Research and Development Funding and Technology Licenses--The Company uses experts and laboratories at universities and other institutions to perform research and development activities. Funding commitments as of December 31, 2001 to these institutions for future years are as follows (in thousands): 2002.................. $ 652 2003.................. 330 2004.................. 255 2005.................. 255 2006.................. 255 --------- Total....... $ 1,747 ========= The Company has also licensed technology from certain institutions, for which it is required to pay a royalty upon future sales, subject to certain annual minimums. As of December 31, 2001, such minimum commitments were $255,000. Product Liability and Lack of Insurance -- The Company is subject to the risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of AldurazymeTM, AryplaseTM or VibrilaseTM results in adverse effects during testing or commercial sale. BioMarin/Genzyme LLC (the LLC) and the Company carry product liability insurance to cover the clinical trials of Aldurazyme (by the LLC) and Aryplase and Vibrilase (by the Company). There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain product liability insurance coverage at economically reasonable rates or that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against all possible claims. To date, there have not been any such claims. F16 9. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS: On April 13, 1999, the Company entered into a convertible note financing agreement in the amount of $26.0 million. Of this amount GBL purchased $4.3 million worth of such notes and LaMont Asset Management SA (LAM) purchased $9.7 million. A director of the Company is also the chairman of LAM. The Company also entered into an agency agreement with LAM pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay LAM a five percent cash commission on sales to certain note purchasers. On July 23, 1999, concurrent with the Company's IPO, the Company's convertible notes payable (including accrued interest) were converted into 2,672,020 shares of the Company's common stock at $10 per share. GBL's $4.3 million convertible note plus interest was converted to 441,911 shares and LAM's $9.7 million convertible note plus interest was converted to 996,869 shares. In April 2001, the Company loaned a Company officer $860,000 to purchase a property and received a promissory note secured by the property. The note matures on October 31, 2004 (subject to various conditions in the employment agreement) and bears interest at the Federal mid-term rate (3.9% as of December 31, 2001). Due to the terms of the collaborative agreement with Genzyme outlined in Note 10, Genzyme is considered to be a related party. See also Notes 1 and 10 for Genzyme related-party transactions. 10. COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENTS: Genzyme--In 1998, the Company entered into an agreement (the Collaboration Agreement) with Genzyme to establish a joint venture (BioMarin/Genzyme LLC) for the worldwide development and commercialization of Aldurazyme to treat MPS I. In conjunction with the formation of the joint venture, the Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary, BioMarin Genetics, Inc. The Company has a 49 percent interest in the joint venture, BioMarin Genetics, Inc. has a 1 percent interest, and Genzyme has the remaining 50 percent interest. Under the Collaboration Agreement, the Company and Genzyme are each required to make capital contributions to the joint venture in an amount equal to 50 percent of costs and expenses associated with the development and commercialization of Aldurazyme. The parties also agree to share the profits equally from such commercialization. In addition, Genzyme purchased 1,333,333 shares of the Company's common stock at $6 per share in a private placement for proceeds of $8.0 million and, concurrent with the IPO, purchased an additional 769,230 shares of the Company's common stock at the IPO price for an additional $10.0 million. Genzyme has also agreed to pay the Company $12.1 million in cash upon FDA approval of the biologics license application for Aldurazyme. Other Agreements--The Company is engaged in research and development collaborations with various academic institutions, commercial research groups, and other entities. The agreements provide for sponsorship of research and development by the Company and may also provide for exclusive royalty-bearing intellectual property licenses or rights of first negotiation regarding licenses to intellectual property development under the collaborations. Typically, these agreements are terminable for cause by either party upon 90 days written notice. 11. COMPENSATION PLANS: Employment Agreements--The Company has entered into employment agreements with eight officers. Seven of these agreements can be terminated without cause by the Company upon six months prior notice, or by the officer upon three months prior written notice to the Company. The employment agreement with the Company's Chief Executive Officer (CEO) shall be renewed after three years for one additional three-year period unless either party gives nine months notice prior to the expiration of the initial three-year period. The annual salaries committed under these employment agreements total approximately $2.0 million. In addition, three of the agreements provide for the payment of an annual cash bonus of up to 100 percent of the base annual salary of the three senior officers based upon the Company's market capitalization through June 30, 2000. Bonuses for the three senior officers (two of whom are no longer with the company) totaled $294,000 and $0 in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The bonuses for the CEO totaled $279,000 in 2001. 401(k) Plan--The Company sponsors the BioMarin Retirement Savings Plan. Most employees (Participants) are eligible to participate following the start of their employment, on the earlier of the next occurring January 1, April 1, July 1 or October 1. Participants may contribute up to 20 percent of their current compensation to the 401(k) Plan or an amount up to a statutorily prescribed annual limit. The Company pays the direct expenses of the 401(k) Plan and matches 50% of the first 2% contributed to the employee accounts. The Company's matching contribution vests over four years from employment commencement and was $0, $30,000, $90,000 and $123,000 for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001 and for the period from March 21, 1997 (inception) through December 31, 2001, respectively. F17 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (1998 Purchase Plan) -- A total of 250,000 shares of Company common stock has been reserved for issuance under the 1998 Purchase Plan, plus annual increases equal to the lesser of 0.5 percent of the outstanding capital stock, 200,000 shares, or a lesser amount set by the Board. As of December 31, 2001, 63,083 shares have been issued under the 1998 Purchase Plan. 12. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION The following non-cash transactions took place in the periods presented (in thousands): Period from March 21, 1997 Year Ended December 31, (Inception) to ------------------------------------------ December 31, 1999 2000 2001 2001 -------------- ------------ -------------- ------------------ Common stock issued upon conversion of convertible notes plus interest $25,615 $ - $ - $ 25,615 Common stock issued in exchange for notes - - - 20,500 Common stock and common stock warrants issued in exchange for brokerage services - - - 1,518 Common stock surrendered by stockholders' for payment of principle and interest - 170 - 170 Compensation in the form of common stock and common stock options - - - 18 Issuance of common stock to acquire the therapeutic assets of IBEX at $10.218 per share - - 8,324 8,324 Fair value of common stock options issued in connection with IBEX acquisition - - 291 291 Fair value of restricted stock grant issued pursuant to an employment contract - 313 - 313 Borrowings under capital lease arrangements - - 206 206
13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (unaudited) In December 2001, the Company signed a definitive agreement with Synapse Technologies Inc. (a privately held Canadian company) to acquire all of its outstanding capital stock for approximately $10.2 million in Company common stock plus future contingent milestone payments totaling $6 million payable in cash or common stock at the Company's discretion. The Company will issue approximately 885,000 shares of common stock for the purchase. The acquisition will be recorded upon closing in the first quarter of 2002 using the purchase method of accounting. All of the purchase price along with related expenses will be expensed as in-process research and development costs. In February 2002, the Company signed a definitive agreement to purchase all of the outstanding capital stock of Glyko Biomedical Ltd. (GBL). Upon closing (anticipated to be in the second quarter of 2002) GBL shareholders will receive 11,367,617 shares of Company common stock in exchange for their GBL stock. In turn, the Company will retire the existing 11,367,617 shares of restricted common stock of the Company currently held by GBL. There will be no net effect on the common stock outstanding. It is anticipated that $2.1 million of expenses will be incurred and expensed as reorganization costs for this transaction in 2002. Approximately $400,000 of transaction costs were incurred and expensed in 2001. 14. QUARTERLY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited) The Company's quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so in the future as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the completion of development projects and variations in levels of production. The Company's common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market since July 22, 1999. There were 82 common stockholders of record at December 31, 2001. No dividends have ever been paid by the Company. F18 Quarter Ended ------------------------------------------------------------------- March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, 2001 (In thousands, except per share data) Total revenue $ 2,690 $ 3,012 $ 3,101 $ 2,896 Loss from continuing operations (9,083) (11,331) (10,642) (26,372) Loss from discontinued operations (617) (638) (373) (638) Loss from disposal of Glyko, Inc. - - - (7,912) Net loss (9,700) (11,969) (11,015) (34,922) Net loss per share, basic and diluted (0.26) (0.30) (0.26) (0.77) Common stock price per share: High $ 12.063 $ 13.210 $ 13.610 $ 14.160 Low 7.313 7.500 9.120 9.400 Quarter Ended ------------------------------------------------------------------- March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31, 2000 (In thousands, except per share data) Total revenue $ 2,791 $ 2,258 $ 1,950 $ 2,715 Loss from continuing operations (11,202) (6,854) (7,731) (9,828) Loss from discontinued operations (534) (232) (417) (566) Net loss (11,736) (7,086) (8,148) (10,394) Net loss per share, basic and diluted (0.34) (0.20) (0.23) (0.28) Common stock price per share: High $ 38.750 $ 27.750 $ 21.750 $ 17.625 Low 12.750 16.750 16.375 7.156
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EX-2 3 exhibit_2-5.txt GBL ACQUISITION AGREEMENT EXHIBIT 2.5 ACQUISITION AGREEMENT FOR A PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT BY AND AMONG BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC., BIOMARIN ACQUISITION (NOVA SCOTIA) COMPANY, AND GLYKO BIOMEDICAL LTD. Dated as of February 6, 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLE 1....................................................................2 THE PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT......................................................2 1.1 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS BY GLYKO........................................2 1.2 IMPLEMENTATION STEPS BY BIOMARIN AND BIOMARIN NOVA SCOTIA............2 1.3 INTERIM ORDER........................................................3 1.4 EFFECT OF THE ARRANGEMENT............................................3 1.5 EFFECT ON CAPITAL STOCK..............................................3 1.6 DISSENTING SHARES....................................................4 1.7 SURRENDER OF CERTIFICATES............................................5 1.8 NO FURTHER OWNERSHIP RIGHTS IN GLYKO COMMON SHARES...................6 1.9 LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES...............................6 1.10 TAX CONSEQUENCES.....................................................6 1.11 CLOSING..............................................................6 ARTICLE 2....................................................................7 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF GLYKO......................................7 2.1 ORGANIZATION, STANDING AND POWER; SUBSIDIARIES.......................7 2.2 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS.................................8 2.3 SHARE CAPITAL........................................................8 2.4 AUTHORITY; BINDING NATURE OF AGREEMENT...............................9 2.5 NO CONFLICT; REQUIRED FILINGS AND CONSENTS...........................9 2.6 COMPLIANCE; PERMITS.................................................10 2.7 CANADIAN SECURITIES FILINGS; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS...................11 2.8 NO UNDISCLOSED LIABILITIES..........................................11 2.9 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES OR EVENTS................................12 2.10 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS; ORDERS...........................................12 2.11 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS..............................................13 2.12 LABOR MATTERS.......................................................13 2.13 RESTRICTIONS ON BUSINESS ACTIVITIES.................................13 2.14 TITLE TO PROPERTY...................................................13 2.15 TAXES...............................................................13 2.16 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS...............................................14 2.17 BROKERS.............................................................15 2.18 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY...............................................15 2.19 CONTRACTS...........................................................15 2.20 INSURANCE...........................................................15 2.21 OPINION OF FINANCIAL ADVISOR........................................15 2.22 BOARD APPROVAL......................................................16 2.23 VOTE REQUIRED.......................................................16 2.24 MINUTE BOOKS........................................................16 2.25 INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS.........................................16 2.26 CHANGE OF CONTROL PAYMENTS..........................................16 2.27 INTERESTED PARTY TRANSACTIONS.......................................16 ARTICLE 3...................................................................17 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BIOMARIN AND..............................17 3.1 ORGANIZATION, STANDING AND POWER....................................17 3.2 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS................................17 3.3 SHARE CAPITAL.......................................................17 3.4 SUBSIDIARIES........................................................18 3.5 OWNERSHIP OF SECURITIES.............................................18 2 3.6 NO CONFLICT; REQUIRED FILINGS AND CONSENTS..........................18 3.7 AUTHORITY; BINDING NATURE OF AGREEMENT..............................19 3.8 SEC FILINGS; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS...................................19 3.9 NO UNDISCLOSED LIABILITIES..........................................20 3.10 VALID ISSUANCE......................................................20 3.11 LISTING.............................................................20 3.12 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS; ORDERS...........................................20 3.13 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES AND EVENTS...............................21 3.14 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS...............................................21 3.15 COMPLIANCE; PERMITS.................................................21 3.16 TAXES...............................................................22 3.17 CONTRACTS...........................................................23 3.18 VOTE REQUIRED.......................................................23 3.19 BROKERS.............................................................23 3.20 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY...............................................23 2.21 OPINION OF FINANCIAL ADVISOR........................................24 3.22 BOARD APPROVAL......................................................24 ARTICLE 4...................................................................24 CONDUCT PRIOR TO THE EFFECTIVE TIME.........................................24 4.1 ACCESS AND INVESTIGATION............................................24 4.2 OPERATION OF GLYKO'S BUSINESS.......................................24 ARTICLE 5...................................................................26 GLYKO SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL AND BIOMARIN STOCKHOLDER APPROVAL................26 5.1 JOINT PROXY CIRCULAR; BOARD RECOMMENDATIONS; OTHER FILINGS..........26 5.2 MEETING OF GLYKO SHAREHOLDERS.......................................27 5.3 MEETING OF BIOMARIN STOCKHOLDERS....................................29 ARTICLE 6...................................................................29 ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS.......................................................29 6.1 CONFIDENTIALITY; ACCESS TO INFORMATION..............................29 6.2 NO SOLICITATION.....................................................29 6.3 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE...................................................30 6.4 REASONABLE EFFORTS..................................................30 6.5 NOTIFICATION........................................................31 6.6 THIRD PARTY CONSENTS................................................32 6.7 NASDAQ AND SWX SWISS EXCHANGE LISTING...............................32 6.8 GLYKO AFFILIATE AGREEMENT...........................................32 6.9 LISTING OF GLYKO COMMON SHARES......................................32 6.10 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS...........................32 6.11 STOCK OPTIONS.......................................................33 ARTICLE 7...................................................................34 CONDITIONS TO THE ARRANGEMENT...............................................34 7.1 CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS OF EACH PARTY TO EFFECT THE ARRANGEMENT...34 7.2 ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS OF GLYKO.......................36 7.3 ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF BIOMARIN................36 ARTICLE 8...................................................................37 TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER...........................................37 8.1 TERMINATION.........................................................37 8.2 NOTICE OF TERMINATION; EFFECT OF TERMINATION........................39 8.3 FEES AND EXPENSES...................................................39 8.4 AMENDMENT...........................................................40 8.5 EXTENSION; WAIVER...................................................40 3 ARTICLE 9...................................................................40 GENERAL PROVISIONS..........................................................40 9.1 NONSURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.......................41 9.2 NOTICES.............................................................41 9.3 INTERPRETATION......................................................42 9.4 COUNTERPARTS........................................................42 9.5 ENTIRE AGREEMENT; THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES.........................42 9.6 SEVERABILITY........................................................43 9.7 GOVERNING LAW.......................................................43 9.8 RULES OF CONSTRUCTION...............................................43 9.9 ASSIGNMENT..........................................................43 9.10 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL................................................44 9.11 CURRENCY............................................................44 9.12 GLYKO DISCLOSURE LETTER.............................................44 9.13 BIOMARIN DISCLOSURE LETTER..........................................44 9.14 ATTORNEYS' FEES.....................................................44 ARTICLE 10..................................................................44 ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS......................................................44 10.1 ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS..............................................44 INDEX OF EXHIBITS Exhibit A Form of Arrangement Resolution Exhibit B Plan of Arrangement Exhibit C Appropriate Regulatory Approvals Exhibit D Form of Legal Opinion of BioMarin U.S. Counsel Exhibit E Form of Legal Opinion of BioMarin Canadian Counsel Exhibit F Form of Legal Opinion of Glyko U.S. Counsel Exhibit G Form of Legal Opinion of Glyko Canadian Counsel 4 ACQUISITION AGREEMENT FOR A PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT This ACQUISITION AGREEMENT FOR A PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of February 6, 2002, among BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. ("BioMarin"), a corporation existing under the laws of Delaware, BIOMARIN ACQUISITION (NOVA SCOTIA) COMPANY, an unlimited liability company existing under the Companies Act (Nova Scotia) and a wholly owned Subsidiary of BioMarin ("BioMarin Nova Scotia") and GLYKO BIOMEDICAL LTD., a corporation existing under the laws of Canada ("Glyko"). RECITALS A. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the Canada Business Corporations Act (the "CBCA") and the Company Act (British Columbia) (the "BC Act"), BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko intend to enter into a business combination transaction by way of the Arrangement whereby: (i) Glyko shall be continued (the "Continuance") under the laws of British Columbia; and (ii) each outstanding Glyko Common Share that is not held by a holder who has exercised its Dissenters' Rights and is ultimately entitled to be paid the fair value of its Glyko Common Shares shall be exchanged for 0.3309 shares of BioMarin Common Stock. B. The Board of Directors of Glyko has (i) received an opinion from TD Securities Inc. (the "Financial Advisor") dated the date hereof that the consideration to be received by Glyko shareholders under the Arrangement is fair to the shareholders of Glyko from a financial point of view; (ii) determined that the Arrangement is fair to Glyko shareholders and in the best interests of Glyko; (iii) unanimously approved this Agreement, the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (iv) determined to recommend that the shareholders of Glyko approve the Arrangement. C. The Board of Directors of each of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia have unanimously approved this Agreement, the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Board of Directors of BioMarin has determined to recommend that holders of BioMarin Common Stock vote in favour of the Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement. D. Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and as a condition and inducement to BioMarin's willingness to enter into this Agreement, certain shareholders of Glyko are entering into shareholder support agreements (the "Glyko Shareholder Support Agreements"). E. As a condition and inducement to BioMarin's willingness to enter into this Agreement, certain affiliates of Glyko will enter into Glyko affiliate agreements (the "Glyko Affiliate Agreements"). F. The parties intend, by executing this Agreement, to adopt a plan of reorganization within the meaning of Section 368 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "United States Code"). G. Capitalized terms used herein, if not otherwise defined, shall have the meanings given to them in Article 10 below. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants, promises and representations set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows: ARTICLE 1 THE PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT 1.1 Implementation Steps by Glyko Glyko covenants in favor of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia that Glyko shall: (a) as soon as reasonably practicable, apply in a manner acceptable to BioMarin under Section 192 of the CBCA for the Interim Order, and thereafter proceed with and diligently pursue the obtaining of the Interim Order; (b) convene and hold the Glyko Shareholders Meeting for the purpose of considering the Continuance Resolution and the Arrangement Resolution (and for any other proper purpose as may be set out in the notice for such meeting); (c) subject to obtaining such shareholder approval as is required by the CBCA and the Interim Order, diligently pursue the application to the Court for the Final Order; (d) subject to obtaining the Final Order and the satisfaction or waiver of the other conditions herein contained in favor of Glyko, file with the Director Articles of Arrangement and such other documents as may be required in connection therewith under the CBCA to give effect to the Arrangement; and (e) subject to obtaining such shareholder approval as is required by the CBCA, file with the Registrar Articles of Continuance and such other documents as may be required under the BC Act and the CBCA to give effect to the Continuance. 1.2 Implementation Steps by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia. BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, as appropriate, jointly and severally covenant in favor of Glyko that BioMarin shall convene and hold the BioMarin Stockholders Meeting for the purpose of considering 2 the approval of the Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement. 1.3 Interim Order. The notice of motion for the application referred to in Section 1.1(a) shall request that the Interim Order provide: (a) for the class or classes of Persons to whom notice is to be provided in respect of the Arrangement and the Glyko Shareholders Meeting and for the manner in which such notice is to be provided; (b) that the requisite shareholder approval for the Arrangement Resolution shall be 662/3 percent of the votes cast on the Arrangement Resolution by holders of Glyko Common Shares present in Person or by proxy at the Glyko Shareholders Meeting; (c) that, in all other respects, the terms, restrictions and conditions of the bylaws and articles of Glyko, including quorum requirements and all other matters, shall apply in respect of the Glyko Shareholders Meeting; and (d) for the grant of the Dissenters' Rights. 1.4 Effect of the Arrangement. At the Effective Time, the effect of the Arrangement shall be as provided in this Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement and the applicable provisions of the CBCA. 1.5 Effect on Capital Stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement, by virtue of the Arrangement, the following events or transactions shall occur: (a) Exchange of Glyko Common Shares. Each Glyko Common Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Implementation Time, other than any Dissenting Shares (as defined in and to the extent provided in Section 1.6(a)), will be automatically exchanged (subject to Section 1.5(d)) such that the Glyko Common Shares will be transferred to BioMarin Nova Scotia in exchange for the delivery by BioMarin Nova Scotia of that portion of a share of BioMarin Common Stock equal to the Exchange Ratio. In no event will BioMarin Nova Scotia be required to transfer to holders of Glyko Common Shares more than 11,367,617 shares of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the rights of exchange provided for pursuant to this Agreement. If any Glyko Common Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Implementation Time are unvested or are subject to a repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition under any applicable restricted shares purchase agreement or other agreement with Glyko, then the BioMarin Common Stock delivered to holders of Glyko Common Shares in exchange for such Glyko Common Shares will also be unvested and subject to the same repurchase option, risk of forfeiture or other condition, and the certificates representing such BioMarin Common Stock may accordingly be marked with appropriate legends. Glyko shall take all action that may be necessary to ensure that, from and after the Implementation Time, BioMarin Nova Scotia is entitled to exercise any such repurchase option or other right set forth in any such restricted shares purchase agreement or other agreement. 3 (b) Stock Options. Each Option to purchase Glyko Common Shares then outstanding under the Stock Option Plan shall be replaced by an Option to purchase BioMarin Common Stock in accordance with Section 6.11 hereof. (c) Adjustments to Exchange Ratio. The Exchange Ratio shall be adjusted to reflect appropriately the effect of any stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend (including any dividend or distribution of securities convertible into BioMarin Common Stock or Glyko Common Shares), extraordinary cash dividends, reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, combination, exchange of shares or other like change with respect to BioMarin Common Stock or Glyko Common Shares occurring on or after the date hereof and prior to the Effective Time. (d) Fractional Shares. No fraction of a share of BioMarin Common Stock will be issued by virtue of the Arrangement, but in lieu thereof each holder of Glyko Common Shares who would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of BioMarin Common Stock (after aggregating all fractional shares of BioMarin Common Stock that otherwise would be received by such holder) shall, upon surrender of such holder's Certificates(s) receive from BioMarin Nova Scotia an amount of cash (rounded to the nearest whole cent), without interest, equal to the product of (i) such fraction, and (ii) the average closing price of one share of BioMarin Common Stock for the twenty (20) most recent days that BioMarin Common Stock has traded ending on the second trading day immediately prior to the Effective Date, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market ("Nasdaq"). 1.6 Dissenting Shares. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the shares of any holder of Glyko Common Shares who has demanded and perfected appraisal and dissent rights ("Dissenters' Rights") in respect of such Glyko Common Shares in accordance with the Interim Order and the CBCA and who, as of the Effective Time, has not effectively withdrawn or lost such appraisal and dissent rights ("Dissenting Shares"), shall not be converted into or represent a right to receive BioMarin Common Stock pursuant to Section 1.5, but the holder thereof shall only be entitled to such rights as are granted by the Interim Order or the CBCA, as the case may be. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), if any holder of Glyko Common Shares who demands appraisal of such shares under the CBCA shall effectively withdraw (or otherwise by law not be entitled to) the right to appraisal, then, as of the later of the Effective Time and the occurrence of such event, such holder's shares shall automatically be exchanged for and represent only the right to receive BioMarin Common Stock, without interest thereon, upon surrender of the certificate representing such shares. (c) Glyko shall give BioMarin (i) prompt notice of any written demands for appraisal of any Glyko Common Shares, withdrawals of such demands, and any other instruments served pursuant to the Interim Order and the CBCA and received by Glyko which relate to any such demand for appraisal and (ii) the opportunity to participate in all substantial negotiations and proceedings which take place prior to the Effective Time with respect to demands for appraisal and dissent under the CBCA. Glyko shall not, except with the prior written consent of BioMarin (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), voluntarily make any payment with respect to any demands for appraisal of Glyko Common Shares or offer to settle or settle any such demands. 4 (d) Any payments made to holders of Glyko Common Shares pursuant to Section 1.6(a) shall be made solely from the assets of Glyko. 1.7 Surrender of Certificates. (a) Depositary. BioMarin shall select a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to Glyko to act as the depositary (the "Depositary"). (b) BioMarin to Provide BioMarin Common Stock. Promptly after the Effective Time, BioMarin shall cause BioMarin Nova Scotia to make available to the Depositary, for exchange in accordance with this Article I, the BioMarin Common Stock issuable pursuant to Section 1.5 in exchange for outstanding Glyko Common Shares, and cash in an amount sufficient for payment in lieu of fractional shares pursuant to Section 1.5(d). (c) Exchange Procedures. Promptly after the Effective Time, each holder of record (as of the Effective Time) of a certificate or certificates (the "Certificates"), which immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding Glyko Common Shares, shall be required to send to the Depositary (i) a duly completed and validly executed letter of transmittal in customary form (which shall specify that delivery shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall pass, only upon delivery of the Certificates to the Depositary and shall contain such other provisions as BioMarin may reasonably specify) and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates in exchange for certificates representing BioMarin Common Stock, and cash in lieu of any fractional shares pursuant to Section 1.5(d). Upon surrender of Certificates for cancellation to the Depositary or to such other agent or agents as may be appointed by BioMarin, together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, the holders of such Certificates shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor certificates representing the number of whole shares of BioMarin Common Stock into which their Glyko Common Shares were exchanged at the Effective Time, together with payment in lieu of fractional shares which such holders have the right to receive pursuant to Section 1.5(d), and the Certificates so surrendered shall forthwith be cancelled. Until so surrendered, outstanding Certificates will be deemed from and after the Effective Time, for all corporate purposes, subject to Section 1.5(d), to evidence only the right to receive upon such surrender a certificate evidencing the number of whole shares of BioMarin Common Stock into which such Glyko Common Shares are entitled to be exchanged and the right to receive an amount in cash in lieu of the issuance of any fractional shares in accordance with Section 1.5(d). (d) Required Withholding. Each of the Depositary, BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any consideration payable or otherwise deliverable pursuant to this Agreement to any holder or former holder of Glyko Common Shares such amounts as may be required by law (as advised by outside tax counsel for BioMarin) to be deducted or withheld therefrom under the United States Code, the Income Tax Act (Canada) or under any provision of United States or Canadian federal, state, provincial, regional, local or foreign tax law or under any other applicable legal requirement. To the extent such amounts are so deducted or withheld and remitted to the appropriate taxing authority in accordance with applicable law, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes under this Agreement as having been paid to the Person to 5 whom such amounts would otherwise have been paid, provided that such person shall be provided with a receipt evidencing remittance of such withheld amount to the appropriate taxing authority. (e) No Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 1.7, none of the Depositary, BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia, Glyko or any party hereto shall be liable to a holder of shares of BioMarin Common Stock or Glyko Common Shares for any amount properly paid to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law. 1.8 No Further Ownership Rights in Glyko Common Shares. All shares of BioMarin Common Stock issued in accordance with the terms hereof (including any cash paid in respect thereof pursuant to Section 1.5(d)) shall be deemed to have been issued in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such Glyko Common Shares, and, following the Effective Time, there shall be no further registration of transfers on the records of Glyko of Glyko Common Shares which were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to Glyko for any reason, they shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Article 1. 1.9 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In the event that any Certificates shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Depositary shall issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof, certificates representing the BioMarin Common Stock into which the Glyko Common Shares represented by such Certificates were exchanged pursuant to Section 1.5, and cash for fractional shares, if any, as may be required pursuant to Section 1.5(d); provided, however, that Glyko and BioMarin may, in their discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance of such certificates representing BioMarin Common Stock and cash, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates to deliver a bond in such sum as either of them may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against BioMarin or Glyko or the Depositary with respect to the Certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. 1.10 Tax Consequences. It is intended by the parties hereto that the Arrangement shall constitute a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368 of the United States Code. The parties hereto adopt this Agreement as a "plan of reorganization" within the meaning of Sections 1.3682(g) and 1.3683(a) of the United States Treasury Regulations. 1.11 Closing. The closing of the Arrangement (the "Closing") (other than obtaining the Final Order and the filing with the Director of the Articles of Arrangement) shall take place at the offices of Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, at a time and date to be specified by the parties, which shall be no later than the second business day after the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article 7, or at such other time, date and location as the parties hereto agree in writing (the "Closing Date"). 6 ARTICLE 2 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF GLYKO As of the date hereof, Glyko represents and warrants to BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia as follows, subject to such exceptions as are specifically disclosed in the disclosure letter prepared by Glyko and delivered to BioMarin, which disclosure letter shall provide an exception to or otherwise qualify the representations or warranties of Glyko specifically referred to in such disclosure letter (the "Glyko Disclosure Letter"), and acknowledges that BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia are relying upon such representations and warranties in connection with the matters contemplated by this Agreement: 2.1 Organization, Standing and Power; Subsidiaries. (a) Glyko does not have any Subsidiaries and Glyko does not own capital stock of, or any equity interest of any nature in, any other Entity other than BioMarin. Glyko is a corporation validly existing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has all necessary corporate power and authority: (i) to conduct its business in the manner in which its business is currently being conducted; (ii) to own and use its assets in the manner in which its assets are currently owned and used; and (iii) to perform its obligations under all Contracts by which it is bound. (b) Glyko has not agreed to, is not obligated to make and is not bound by any Contract under which it may become obligated to make, any future investment in or capital contribution to any other Entity. Glyko is not a general partner of, and is not otherwise liable for any of the debts or other obligations of, any general partnership, limited partnership or other Entity. Glyko does not directly or indirectly own any equity or similar interest in or any interest convertible, exchangeable or exercisable for, any equity or similar interest in, any Entity. (c) Glyko is in possession of all Approvals necessary to own, lease and operate the properties it purports to own, operate or lease and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure to have such Approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. (d) Glyko's sole undertaking is the holding of shares of BioMarin Common Stock. Glyko is qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in the State California. (e) Glyko: (i) is not subject to tax or filing requirements under the United States Code or any state tax legislation of the United States of America except in the State of California; (ii) is not required to make any filings under the United States Code or any state tax legislation, except in the State of California; (iii) does not have any employees in the United States of America; and (iv) does not otherwise carry on business in a manner which would make it subject to any requirements of United States laws except in the State of California insofar as any labor matters, ERISA matters or matters relating to the United States Code or state tax legislation are concerned. 7 2.2 Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. Glyko has previously furnished to BioMarin a complete and correct copy of its Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws as amended to date (together, the "Glyko Charter Documents"). Such Glyko Charter Documents are in full force and effect. Glyko is not in violation of any of the provisions of the Glyko Charter Documents. 2.3 Share Capital. (a) The authorized capital of Glyko consists of an unlimited number of Glyko Common Shares. At the close of business on February 5, 2002 (i) 34,352,823 Glyko Common Shares were issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and (ii) 81,397 Glyko Common Shares were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options to purchase Glyko Common Shares under the Stock Option Plan. Except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, there is no Glyko Contract relating to any Glyko Stock Option or to the voting of, or restricting any Person from purchasing, selling, pledging or otherwise disposing of (or granting any Option or similar right with respect to), or granting any Options or other rights to acquire, any Glyko Common Shares. Glyko has made available to BioMarin an accurate and complete copy of the Stock Option Plan. All outstanding Glyko Stock Options have been issued and granted in compliance with all applicable securities laws and other applicable Legal Requirements. (b) Except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter or as described in the immediately preceding paragraph, there are no options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments (preemptive, contingent or otherwise) obligating Glyko to issue or sell Glyko Common Shares or other securities or securities or obligations of any kind convertible into or exchangeable for directly or indirectly any Glyko Common Shares or other securities, nor is there outstanding any stock appreciation rights, phantom equity or similar rights, agreements, arrangements or commitments based upon the book value, income or any other attribute of Glyko. There are no outstanding bonds, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness of Glyko having the right to vote (or that are convertible for or exercisable into securities having the right to vote) with the holders of the Glyko Common Shares on any matter. There are no outstanding contractual obligations of Glyko to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its outstanding securities. No holder of securities issued by Glyko has any right to compel Glyko to register or otherwise qualify such securities for public sale in Canada or the United States. (c) Glyko owns free and clear of all Encumbrances (except for any restrictions on resale under applicable securities laws) 11,367,617 shares of BioMarin Common Stock with good and marketable title thereto. There are no subscriptions, options, calls, warrants, similar ownership interests, rights, commitments or agreements of any character (whether or not currently exercisable) to which Glyko is a party or by which it is bound obligating Glyko to deliver or sell, or cause to be delivered or sold, any shares of BioMarin Common Stock or obligating Glyko to grant, extend, or enter into any such subscription, options, warrant, call, right, commitment or agreement and to Glyko's Knowledge there is no condition or circumstance that may give rise to or provide a basis for the assertion of a claim by any Person to the effect that such Person is entitled to acquire or receive any shares of BioMarin Common Stock held by Glyko. There is no voting trust, proxy, or other agreement or understanding to which Glyko is a party or by which it is bound with respect to any share of BioMarin Common Stock. 8 (d) Glyko has received a report dated January 21, 2002 from Independent Investor Communications Corporation (a copy of which has been provided to BioMarin ) disclosing that Persons who are resident in the Province of Ontario do not beneficially own more than two (2) percent of the outstanding Glyko Common Shares. To Glyko's Knowledge, there are no Persons who are resident in the Province of Ontario who beneficially own Glyko Common Shares which are held by registered holders or nominees who are not resident in the Province of Ontario. 2.4 Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement. Glyko has the requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder and, subject to obtaining the Required Glyko Shareholder Vote and the approval of the Court to the Arrangement, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by Glyko and the consummation by Glyko of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Glyko and no other corporate proceedings on the part of Glyko are necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby (other than all proceedings related to the approval and adoption of this Agreement and the Continuance and the Arrangement by the Required Glyko Shareholder Vote and Court approval of the Arrangement). This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by Glyko and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, constitutes a legal and binding obligation of Glyko, enforceable against Glyko in accordance with its terms subject to (i) laws of general application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency and the relief of debtors, and (ii) rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies. 2.5 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents. (a) Neither (1) the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or any of the other agreements referred to in this Agreement to which Glyko will be a party, nor (2) the consummation of the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, will (with or without notice or lapse of time): (i) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation of (A) any of the provisions of the Glyko Charter Documents, or (B) any resolution adopted by the shareholders, the Board of Directors or any committee of the Board of Directors of Glyko; (ii) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation of any applicable Legal Requirement or any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree to which Glyko, or any of the assets owned or used by Glyko is subject; (iii)other than as contemplated under this Agreement or the Arrangement (including, without limitation, the exercise of Dissenters' Rights), contravene, conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or result in a default under, any provision of any Glyko Contract, or give any Person the right to (A) declare a default or exercise any remedy under any such Glyko Contract, (B) accelerate the maturity or performance of any such Glyko Contract, or (C) cancel, terminate or modify any term of such Glyko Contract; 9 (iv) result in the imposition or creation of any Encumbrance upon or with respect to any asset owned or used by Glyko; (v) give rise to any right of termination or acceleration of indebtedness, or cause any third party indebtedness to become due before its stated maturity or cause any available credit to cease to be available; or (vi) result in any payment (including severance, unemployment compensation, golden parachute, bonus or otherwise) becoming due to any director or employee of Glyko other than as a shareholder of Glyko or holder of Glyko Stock Options under the terms of the Arrangement. (b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by Glyko does not, and the performance of this Agreement by Glyko shall not, require any Consent or any filing with or notification to, any court or Governmental Body except: (i) approval by the Court of the Plan of Arrangement; (ii) the Appropriate Regulatory Approvals; and (iii) such other filings, registrations, permits, authorizations, consents or approvals that if not obtained, made or given, could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko, or prevent consummation of the transactions or otherwise prevent Glyko from performing its obligations under this Agreement. (c) Glyko (i) does not hold $15 million or more of assets, excluding the shares of BioMarin Common Stock held by Glyko and other investment assets, located in the United States and (ii) did not make sales in or into the United States of $25 million or more in its last completed fiscal year. 2.6 Compliance; Permits. (a) Except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko, Glyko is not in conflict with, or in default or violation of, (i) any Legal Requirement or Government or Governmental Authorization applicable to Glyko or by which its properties are bound or affected, or (ii) any Contract, Governmental Authorization or other instrument or obligation to which Glyko is a party or by which Glyko or its properties are bound or affected. To Glyko's Knowledge, no investigation or review by any Governmental Body is pending or, threatened against Glyko, nor has any Governmental Body indicated to Glyko an intention to conduct the same. Since June 30, 2000, Glyko has not received any notice or other communication from any Governmental Body or other Person regarding any actual or possible violation of, or failure to comply with, any Legal Requirement except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. (b) Glyko holds all Governmental Authorizations necessary to enable Glyko to conduct its businesses in the manner in which such business is currently being conducted, except where the failure to hold such Governmental Authorizations has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. All such Governmental Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect. Glyko is, and since June 30, 2000 has been, in substantial compliance with the terms and requirements of such Governmental Authorizations, except where the 10 failure to be in compliance with the terms and requirements of such Governmental Authorizations has not had and could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. Since June 30, 2000, Glyko has not received any notice or other communication from any Governmental Body regarding (i) any actual or possible violation of or failure to comply with any term or requirement of any material Governmental Authorization, or (ii) any actual or possible revocation, withdrawal, suspension, cancellation, termination or modification of any material Governmental Authorization. 2.7 Canadian Securities Filings; Financial Statements. (a) Glyko has made available to BioMarin (including through the SEDAR System of the Canadian securities administrators) an accurate and complete copy of each Glyko Regulatory Report filed by Glyko since December 31, 1998, which include all the Glyko Regulatory Reports required to be filed by Glyko since June 30, 2000 and, prior to the Effective Time, Glyko will have made available to BioMarin (including through the SEDAR System of the Canadian securities administrators) with accurate and complete copies of any additional Glyko Regulatory Reports filed hereafter by Glyko prior to the Effective Time. Since September 30, 2001, Glyko has not filed any confidential material change report under any Canadian Securities Legislation or with any stock exchange or other selfregulatory authority which at the date hereof remains confidential. The Glyko Regulatory Reports filed since June 30, 2000 (including the financial statements contained therein) (i) were prepared in accordance with the then existing requirements of Canadian Securities Legislation, the TSE and the CBCA, as the case may be; and (ii) did not at the time they were filed (and if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement then on the date of such filing) contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. (b) Each set of financial statements (including, in each case, any related notes thereto) contained in Glyko Regulatory Reports and Glyko's audited financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2000 and Glyko's unaudited financial statements as at and for the period ended September 30, 2001 (the "Glyko Interim Financial Statements") comply as to form in all material respects with the published rules and regulations of the OSC applicable thereto and were prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (subject, in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to the absence of note disclosure and yearend adjustments) and each fairly presents the financial position of Glyko at the dates thereof and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods indicated. (c) Glyko is a "reporting issuer" or its equivalent for the purposes of Canadian Securities Legislation in Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and is not in violation of any requirement under Canadian Securities Legislation. 2.8 No Undisclosed Liabilities. Glyko does not have any liabilities (absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise) of a nature required to be disclosed on a balance sheet or in the related notes to the financial statements prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP except: (a) liabilities provided for in the Glyko Interim Financial Statements; (b) normal and recurring current liabilities 11 incurred since the date of the Glyko Interim Financial Statements in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practices; (c) liabilities incurred in connection with the Arrangement; or (d) as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. 2.9 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Since December 31, 2000: (a) there has not been any Material Adverse Effect relating to Glyko; (b) Glyko has not (i) declared, accrued, set aside or paid any dividend or made any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital stock or (ii) repurchased, redeemed or otherwise reacquired any shares of capital stock or other securities; (c) Glyko has not sold, issued or granted, or authorized the issuance of: (i) any capital stock or other security (except for Glyko Common Shares issued upon the valid exercise of outstanding Glyko Stock Options in accordance with the terms of the Stock Option Plan); (ii) any Option, warrant or right to acquire any capital stock or any other security except for Glyko Stock Options; or (iii) any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security; (d) there has been no amendment to the Glyko Charter Documents, and Glyko has not effected or been a party to any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, division or subdivision of shares, reverse stock split, consolidation of shares or similar transaction; (e) Glyko has not received any Acquisition Proposal other than the Acquisition Proposal set forth herein; and (f) Glyko has conducted its business only in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice (except in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement). 2.10 Legal Proceedings; Orders. (a) There is no pending Legal Proceeding, and to Glyko's Knowledge no Person has threatened to commence any Legal Proceeding (i) that involves Glyko or any of the assets owned or used by Glyko, except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter or (ii) that challenges, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal or otherwise interfering with, the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. To Glyko's Knowledge, no event has occurred, and no claim, dispute or other condition or circumstance exists, that could reasonably be expected to, give rise to or serve as a basis for the commencement of any such Legal Proceeding. (b) There is no material order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree to which Glyko, or any of the assets owned or used by Glyko, is subject. To Glyko's Knowledge, no officer or director of Glyko is subject to any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree that prohibits such officer or director from engaging in or continuing any conduct, activity or practice relating to the business of Glyko. 12 2.11 Employee Benefit Plans. Other than the Stock Option Plan, Glyko has no employee benefit, health, welfare, supplemental employment benefit, bonus, pension, profit sharing, deferred compensation, stock compensation, stock purchase, retirement, hospitalization insurance, medical, dental, legal, disability and similar plans or arrangements or practices applicable to any of Glyko's current or former employees, officers, directors or consultants. 2.12 Labor Matters. There are no material controversies, complaints, claims, labor disputes or grievances pending or, to Glyko's Knowledge, threatened, between Glyko and any of its current or former employees, officers, directors or consultants. Glyko is not a party to any collective bargaining agreement or other labor union contract or employee association applicable to Persons employed by Glyko. Glyko is in material compliance with all applicable Legal Requirements relating to employment, employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages. 2.13 Restrictions on Business Activities. There is no agreement, commitment, judgment, injunction, order or decree binding upon Glyko or to which Glyko is a party which has or could reasonably be expected to have the effect of prohibiting or materially impairing any business practice of Glyko, any acquisition of property by Glyko or the conduct of business by Glyko as currently conducted. 2.14 Title to Property. Glyko owns, and has good and marketable title to, all assets reflected on the Glyko Interim Financial Statements. All of said assets are owned by Glyko free and clear of any Encumbrances, except for (a) any lien for current taxes not yet due and payable and (b) in respect of assets other than shares of BioMarin Common Stock, minor liens that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Glyko is not a party to or otherwise bound by any lease pursuant to which Glyko leases from others material real or personal property. 2.15 Taxes (a) Glyko has timely filed all Returns relating to Taxes required to be filed by Glyko with any Governmental Body, and such Returns have been completed in accordance with Legal Requirements. (b) As of the Effective Time, except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, Glyko (i) will have paid within the time required by law, or accrued all Taxes it is required by law to pay or accrue and (ii) will have withheld from each payment made to its past or present employees, officers, directors and independent contractors, creditors, shareholders or other third parties all Taxes and other material deductions required by law to be withheld and have, within the time required by law, paid such withheld amounts to the proper Governmental Bodies. (c) Except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, Glyko has not been delinquent in the payment of any Tax nor is there any Tax deficiency outstanding, nor to Glyko's Knowledge, proposed or assessed against Glyko, nor has Glyko executed any waiver of any statute of limitations on or extensions of the period for the assessment or collection of any Tax. There are no matters relating to Taxes under discussion between any Governmental Body and Glyko. 13 (d) To Glyko's Knowledge, no audit or other examination of any Return of Glyko is currently in progress, nor has Glyko been notified of any request for such an audit or other examination, nor is any taxing authority asserting, or threatening to assert against Glyko any claim for Taxes. (e) There are no Encumbrances of any sort on the assets of Glyko relating to or attributable to Taxes except for liens for Taxes not yet due and payable. (f) Glyko is not a party to a tax sharing or allocation agreement and is not liable for the Taxes of any other Person, whether as a transferee or successor or by contract or otherwise, nor does Glyko owe any amount under any such agreement. (g) Except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, to Glyko's Knowledge, no adjustment relating to any Returns filed by Glyko has been proposed in writing, formally or informally, by any Government Body to Glyko or any Representative. (h) Glyko does not have any liability for any unpaid Taxes which has not been accrued for or reserved on the Glyko balance sheet dated September 30, 2001 in accordance with Canadian GAAP, whether asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise, other than any liability for unpaid Taxes that may have accrued since September 30, 2001 and that are not yet payable. (i) Since June 30, 2000, to Glyko's Knowledge, Glyko has not deducted any amounts in computing its income in a taxation year which may be included in a subsequent taxation year under Section 78 of the Income Tax Act (Canada). (j) Since June 30, 2000, to Glyko's Knowledge, Glyko has not made any material Tax election. 2.16 Environmental Matters. All operations of Glyko are being conducted and, to Glyko's Knowledge have been conducted, in material compliance with all Environmental Laws. Glyko is not subject to: (a) any governmental or regulatory remedial or control action, proceeding, application, order or directive which relates to environmental, health or safety matters or any investigation or evaluation concerning environmental, health or safety matters; or (b) (i) any demand or notice with respect to the breach of, or liability under, any Environmental Laws and (ii) to Glyko's Knowledge, there are no facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to result in any such action, proceeding, application, order, directive, demand, or notice to which it would be subject which in any case could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. 2.17 Brokers. Except for TD Securities Inc., no broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder's or other fee or commission in connection with the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Glyko. Glyko has furnished to BioMarin accurate and complete copies of all agreements under which any such fees, commissions or other amounts have been paid or may 14 become payable and all indemnification and other agreements related to the engagement of TD Securities Inc. 2.18 Intellectual Property Glyko does not own and is not licensed to use any Intellectual Property. There is no Intellectual Property that is required to be used by Glyko in carrying on its business as presently conducted. 2.19 Contracts. (a) Other than this Agreement, in connection with the Arrangement, or as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, there is no Glyko Contract that constitutes a Material Contract. (b) (i) Glyko has not violated or breached, or committed any default under, any Glyko Contract, except for violations, breaches and defaults that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko; and, to Glyko's Knowledge, no other Person has violated or breached, or committed any default under, any Glyko Contract, except for violations, breaches or defaults that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko; and (ii) other than in respect of the exercise of Dissenters' Rights, to Glyko's Knowledge, no event has occurred, and no circumstance or condition exists, that (with or without notice or lapse of time) will, or could reasonably be expected to, (A) result in a violation or breach of any of the provisions of any Glyko Contract, (B) give any Person the right to declare a default or exercise any remedy under any Glyko Contract, (C) give any Person the right to accelerate the maturity or performance of any Glyko Contract, or (D) give any Person the right to cancel, terminate or modify any Glyko Contract, except in each such case for defaults, acceleration rights, termination rights and other rights that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. 2.20 Insurance. Other than directors' and officers' insurance issued by American Home Assurance Company, Glyko has no material insurance policies or material self insurance programs and arrangements relating to the business, assets and operations of Glyko. Such insurance policy is in full force and effect. Since December 31, 2000, Glyko has not received any written notice regarding any actual: (a) cancellation or invalidation of any insurance policy; (b) refusal of any coverage or rejection of any material claim under any insurance policy; or (c) except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, material adjustment in the amount of the premiums payable with respect to any insurance policy. 2.21 Opinion of Financial Advisor. The Board of Directors of Glyko has received the opinion of TD Securities Inc., financial advisor to Glyko, dated the date of this Agreement, to the effect that, as of such date, the consideration to be received by shareholders of Glyko under the Arrangement is fair to the shareholders of Glyko from a financial point of view (the "Glyko Opinion"). Glyko will furnish an accurate and complete copy of said opinion to BioMarin for informational purposes only after receipt thereof by Glyko. 2.22 Board Approval. The Board of Directors of Glyko (at a meeting duly called and held) has (a) determined (pursuant to a unanimous vote of all members of the Board of Directors of 15 Glyko entitled to vote thereon) that the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement are fair to shareholders of Glyko and in the best interests of Glyko and (b) determined as of the date hereof to recommend that the holders of Glyko Common Shares vote in favor of the Arrangement. 2.23 Vote Required. Subject to the terms of the Interim Order, the Required Glyko Shareholder Vote is the only vote of the holders of any class or series of shares of Glyko necessary to approve the Arrangement and the transactions contemplated thereby. 2.24 Minute Books. The minute books of Glyko made available to counsel for BioMarin are the complete minute books of Glyko and, to Glyko's Knowledge, contain the accurate text of all resolutions passed by Glyko's Board of Directors (or committees thereof) and shareholders either at meetings or by written consent. 2.25 Indemnification Obligations. There are no actions, proceedings or other events pending or, to Glyko's Knowledge, threatened against any officer, director or agent or former officer, director, employee or agent of Glyko which would give rise to any indemnification obligation of Glyko to its current or former officers, directors, employees or agents under the Glyko Charter Documents or any agreement between Glyko and any of its current or former officers, directors, employees or agents. 2.26 Change of Control Payments. Other than as a result of the acceleration of vesting of Glyko Stock Options in accordance with their terms, there are no amounts that may become payable in cash or otherwise (whether currently or in the future) to current or former consultants, officers, directors or employees of Glyko as a result of or in connection with the Arrangement. 2.27 Interested Party Transactions. Except in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Arrangement, no officer or director of Glyko (nor any ancestor, sibling, descendant or spouse of any of such Person, or any trust, partnership or corporation in which any such Person has an economic interest), has, directly or indirectly, a beneficial interest in any Glyko Contract. Except as disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter, there are no receivables of Glyko owing by any past or present director, officer, employee of, consultant to Glyko (or any ancestor, sibling, descendant or spouse of any such Persons, or any trust, partnership or corporation in which any of such Persons has an economic interest), other than advances in the ordinary and usual course of business for reimbursable business expenses (as determined in accordance with Glyko's established employee reimbursement policies and consistent with past practice). None of Glyko's shareholders has agreed to, or assumed, any obligation or duty to guaranty or otherwise assume or incur any obligation or liability of Glyko. ARTICLE 3 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BIOMARIN AND BIOMARIN NOVA SCOTIA As of the date hereof, BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia jointly and severally represent and warrant to Glyko as follows, subject to such exceptions as are specifically disclosed in the 16 disclosure letter prepared by BioMarin and delivered to Glyko, which disclosure letter shall provide an exception to or otherwise qualify the representations or warranties of BioMarin specifically referred to in such disclosure letter (the "BioMarin Disclosure Letter"), and acknowledges that Glyko is relying upon such representations and warranties in connection with the matters contemplated by this Agreement: 3.1 Organization, Standing and Power. (a) Each of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia is a corporation validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation and has all necessary corporate power and authority: (i) to conduct its business in the manner in which its business is currently being conducted; (ii) to own and use its assets in the manner in which its assets are currently owned and used; and (iii) to perform its obligations under all Contracts by which it is bound. (b) Each of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia is in possession of all Approvals necessary to own, lease and operate the properties it purports to own, operate or lease and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted, except where the failure to have such Approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect on either BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia. (c) Each of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation, and is in good standing, under the laws of all jurisdictions where the nature of its business requires such qualification and where the failure to be so qualified would have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. (d) BioMarin Nova Scotia was formed on February 6, 2002 solely for the purpose of engaging in the transactions contemplated hereby, has engaged in no other business activities and has conducted its operations only as contemplated hereby. 3.2 Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. BioMarin has previously furnished to Glyko a complete and correct copy of its Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws as amended to date (together, the "BioMarin Charter Documents"). Such BioMarin Charter Documents are in full force and effect. BioMarin is not in violation of any of the provisions of the BioMarin Charter Documents. 3.3 Share Capital. The authorized capital of BioMarin consists of (i) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; and (ii) 75,000,000 shares of BioMarin Common Stock. At the close of business on February 5, 2002 (i) 7,765,076 shares of BioMarin Common Stock were reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding options to purchase BioMarin Common Stock under all stock option or other incentive plans; and (ii) 52,432,167 shares of BioMarin Common Stock were issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding. As of the date of this Agreement, the number of shares of BioMarin Common Stock which have been reserved for issuance in connection with options, warrants, conversion privileges or other rights, agreements, arrangements or other commitments obligating BioMarin to issue or sell any shares of BioMarin Common Stock or securities or obligations convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of BioMarin Common Stock is as set forth in the BioMarin Disclosure Letter. 17 3.4 Subsidiaries. Each Subsidiary of BioMarin is a corporation, limited liability company or unlimited liability company duly incorporated or organized, and validly existing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and has all necessary corporate, limited liability company or unlimited liability company, as the case may be, power and authority: (a) to conduct its business in the manner in which its business is currently being conducted; (b) to own and use its assets in the manner in which its assets are currently owned and used; and (c) to perform its obligations under all Contracts by which it is bound. Each Subsidiary of BioMarin is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation, unlimited liability company or limited liability company under the laws of all jurisdictions where the nature of its business requires such qualification and where the failure to be so qualified would have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. 3.5 Ownership of Securities. Other than as disclosed in the BioMarin Disclosure Letter, BioMarin is the beneficial owner of all of the issued and outstanding shares or other interests of each of its Subsidiaries with good and marketable title thereto, free and clear of all Encumbrances (except for any restrictions on resale under applicable securities laws). 3.6 No Conflict; Required Filings and Consents (a) Neither (1) the execution and delivery of this Agreement or any of the other agreements referred to in this Agreement by BioMarin and BioMarin NovaScotia nor (2) the consummation by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia of the Arrangement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby will (with or without notice or lapse of time): (i) contravene, conflict with or result in any breach or violation of (A) any provision of the BioMarin Charter Documents or the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of BioMarin Nova Scotia or (B) any resolution adopted by the shareholders, the Board of Directors or any committee of the Board of Directors of BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia; (ii) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation of any applicable Legal Requirement or any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree to which BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia, or any of the assets owned or used by BioMarin, is subject, except in each case as would not have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin; (iii) contravene, conflict with or result in a violation or breach of, or result in a default under, any provision of any Contract to which BioMarin or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which BioMarin or any of its Subsidiaries is otherwise bound, or give any Person the right to (A) declare a default or exercise any remedy under any such BioMarin Contract, (B) accelerate the maturity or performance of any such BioMarin Contract, or (C) cancel, terminate or modify any term of such BioMarin Contract, in each case which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin; (iv) result in the imposition or creation of any Encumbrance upon or with respect to any asset owned or used by BioMarin; or 18 (v) give rise to any right of termination or acceleration of indebtedness, or cause any third party indebtedness to become due before its stated maturity or cause any available credit to cease to be available; (b) The execution and delivery of this Agreement by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia does not, and the performance of this Agreement by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia shall not, require any Consent or any filing with or notification to, any Governmental Body except: (i) applicable filings with Nasdaq; (ii) the Appropriate Regulatory Approvals; and (iii) such other filings, negotiations, permits, authorizations, consents or approvals that if not obtained, made or given, could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin, or prevent consummation of the transactions or otherwise prevent BioMarin from performing its obligations under this Agreement. 3.7 Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement. BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia have the requisite corporate power and authority to perform their obligations hereunder and, subject to obtaining the Required BioMarin Stockholder Vote, to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by each of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary action on the part of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia and their respective Boards of Directors and no further corporate proceedings on the part of either of these companies is required to authorize this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby other than the Required BioMarin Stockholder Vote. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by Glyko, constitutes a legal and binding obligation of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, enforceable against each of them in accordance with its terms, subject to (i) laws of general application relating to bankruptcy, insolvency and the relief of debtors, and (ii) rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies. 3.8 SEC Filings; Financial Statements. (a) BioMarin has filed with the SEC and has delivered or made available to Glyko (including through the SEC EDGAR system) accurate and complete copies (excluding copies of exhibits not available through the SEC EDGAR System) of all documents, including each report, registration statement and definitive proxy statement required to be filed by BioMarin with the SEC since January 1, 2000 (the "BioMarin SEC Documents"). As of the time it was filed with the SEC (or, if amended or superseded by a filing prior to the date of this Agreement, then on the date of such filing): (i) each of the BioMarin SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the United States 1933 Act or the United States 1934 Act (as the case may be); and (ii) none of the BioMarin SEC Documents (including the financial statements contained therein) contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. (b) Each set of financial statements (including, in each case, any related notes thereto) contained in BioMarin SEC Documents and BioMarin's audited financial statements as at and for the periods ended through December 31, 2000 and BioMarin's unaudited financial statements 19 as at and for the period ended through September 30, 2001 (the "BioMarin Interim Financial Statements") comply as to form in all material respects with the published rules and regulations of the SEC applicable thereto and were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved (subject, in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, to the absence of note disclosure and year end adjustments) and each fairly presents the financial position of BioMarin at the dates thereof and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods indicated. 3.9 No Undisclosed Liabilities. Except as disclosed in the BioMarin Disclosure Letter, BioMarin does not have any liabilities (absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise) of a nature required to be disclosed on a balance sheet or in the related notes to the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP except: (a) liabilities provided for in the BioMarin Interim Financial Statements; (b) normal and recurring current liabilities incurred since September 30, 2001 in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practices; (c) liabilities incurred in connection with the Arrangement; or (d) as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. 3.10 Valid Issuance. The BioMarin Common Stock to be issued under the Arrangement will, when issued in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement in all cases, be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not subject to any preemptive rights or similar contractual rights granted by BioMarin. 3.11 Listing. The BioMarin Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq and the SWX Swiss Exchange. 3.12 Legal Proceedings; Orders. (a) There is no pending Legal Proceeding, and to BioMarin's Knowledge no Person has threatened to commence any Legal Proceeding (i) that involves BioMarin or any of the assets owned or used by BioMarin, except as disclosed in the BioMarin Disclosure Letter or (ii) that challenges, or that may have the effect of preventing, delaying, making illegal or otherwise interfering with, the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. To BioMarin's Knowledge, no event has occurred, and no claim, dispute or other condition or circumstance exists, that could reasonably be expected to, give rise to or serve as a basis for the commencement of any such Legal Proceeding. (b) There is no material order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree to which BioMarin, or any of the assets owned or used by BioMarin, is subject. To BioMarin's Knowledge, no officer of BioMarin is subject to any order, writ, injunction, judgment or decree that prohibits such officer from engaging in or continuing any conduct, activity or practice relating to the business of BioMarin. 3.13 Absence of Certain Changes and Events Except as disclosed in the BioMarin Disclosure Letter and BioMarin SEC Documents filed during the calendar year 2001, since December 31, 2000 BioMarin has conducted its business only in the ordinary course and there has 20 not been any event, change or effect that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect relating to BioMarin. 3.14 Environmental Matters. All operations of BioMarin are being conducted and, to BioMarin's Knowledge, have been conducted in compliance in all material respects with all Environmental Laws. Except as BioMarin has publicly disclosed in the BioMarin SEC Documents, BioMarin is not subject to: (a) any governmental or regulatory remedial or control action, proceeding, application, order or directive which relates to environmental, health or safety matters or any investigation or evaluation concerning environmental, health or safety matters; or (b) (i) any demand or notice with respect to the breach of, or liability under, any Environmental Laws and, (ii) to BioMarin's Knowledge, there are no facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to result in any such action, proceeding, application, order, directive, demand, or notice to which it would be subject which in any case would have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. 3.15 Compliance; Permits (a) Except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin, BioMarin is not in conflict with, or in default or violation of, (i) any Legal Requirement or Governmental Authorization applicable to BioMarin or by which its properties is bound or affected, or (ii) any Contract, to which BioMarin is a party, except for any conflicts, defaults or violations that (individually or in the aggregate) could not cause BioMarin to lose any material benefit or incur any material liability. Since January 1, 2000, BioMarin has not received any notice or other communication from any Governmental Body or other Person regarding any actual or possible violation of, or failure to comply with, any Legal Requirement except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. (b) Except as disclosed in the BioMarin SEC Documents, BioMarin holds all Governmental Authorizations necessary to enable BioMarin to conduct its business in the manner in which such business is currently being conducted, except where the failure to hold such Governmental Authorizations has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. All such Governmental Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect. BioMarin is, and at all times has been, in substantial compliance with the terms and requirements of such Governmental Authorizations, except where the failure to be in compliance with the terms and requirements of such Governmental Authorizations has not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. Since January 1, 2000, BioMarin has not received any notice or other communication from any Governmental Body regarding (i) any actual or possible violation of or failure to comply with any term or requirement of any material Governmental Authorization, or (ii) any actual or possible revocation, withdrawal, suspension, cancellation, termination or modification of any material Governmental Authorization. 21 3.16 Taxes. (a) BioMarin has timely filed all Returns relating to Taxes required to be filed by BioMarin with any Governmental Body, and such Returns have been completed in accordance with Legal Requirements. (b) BioMarin as of the Effective Time (i) will have paid within the time required by law, or accrued all Taxes it is required by law to pay or accrue and (ii) will have withheld from each payment made to its past or present employees, officers, directors and independent contractors, creditors, stockholders or other third parties all Taxes and other material deductions required by law to be withheld and have, within the time required by law, paid such withheld amounts to the proper Governmental Bodies. (c) BioMarin has not been delinquent in the payment of any Tax nor is there any Tax deficiency outstanding, proposed or assessed against BioMarin, nor has BioMarin executed any waiver of any statute of limitations on or extensions of the period for the assessment or collection of any Tax. There are no matters relating to Taxes under discussion between any Governmental Bodies and BioMarin. (d) To BioMarin's Knowledge, no audit or other examination of any Return of BioMarin is currently in progress, nor has BioMarin been notified of any request for such an audit or other examination, nor is any taxing authority asserting or threatening to assert against BioMarin any claim for Taxes. (e) BioMarin does not have any liability for any unpaid Taxes which has not been accrued for or reserved on the BioMarin balance sheet dated September 30, 2001 in accordance with U.S. GAAP, whether asserted or unasserted, contingent or otherwise, other than any liability for unpaid Taxes that may have accrued since September 30, 2001 and that are not yet payable. (f) To BioMarin's Knowledge, the BioMarin Common Stock issued pursuant to the Arrangement will not constitute a "participating interest" in a "foreign investment entity" (as such terms are defined in the draft legislation to amend the Income Tax Act (Canada) released on August 2, 2001) at the time of issuance. Based on its current business plan, BioMarin expects that the BioMarin Common Stock issued pursuant to the Arrangement will not constitute in the future a "participating interest" in a "foreign investment entity" (as so defined). (g) Other than liabilities incurred in connection with the Arrangement, BioMarin Nova Scotia does not have material liabilities of any kind, including, without limitation, liabilities for Taxes. (h) BioMarin Nova Scotia has been and will be at all times, from the date of its formation through and including the Effective Date and at all other relevant times, treated as a "disregarded entity" within the meaning of United States Treasury Regulation Section 301.77013(2)(C) for United States federal income tax purposes. 3.17 Contracts. (a) BioMarin has not violated or breached, or committed any default under, any BioMarin Contract, except for violations, breaches and defaults that have not had and would not 22 reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin; and, to BioMarin's Knowledge, no other Person has violated or breached, or committed any default under, any BioMarin Contract, except for violations, breaches or defaults that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin; and (b) to BioMarin's Knowledge, no event has occurred, and no circumstance or condition exists, that (with or without notice or lapse of time) will, or could reasonably be expected to, (i) result in a violation or breach of any of the provisions of any BioMarin Contract, (ii) give any Person the right to declare a default or exercise any remedy under any BioMarin Contract, (iii) give any Person the right to accelerate the maturity or performance of any BioMarin Contract, or (iv) give any Person the right to cancel, terminate or modify any BioMarin Contract, except in each such case for defaults, acceleration rights, termination rights and other rights that have not had and would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. 3.18 Vote Required. The Required BioMarin Stockholder Vote is the only vote of the holders of any class or series of BioMarin's shares necessary to approve the transactions contemplated hereby. 3.19 Brokers. Except for UBS Warburg LLC, no broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder's or other fee or commission in connection with the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of BioMarin. BioMarin has furnished to Glyko accurate and complete copies of all agreements under which any such fees, commissions or other amounts have been paid or may become payable and all indemnification and other agreements related to the engagement of UBS Warburg LLC. 3.20 Intellectual Property. Except as disclosed in the BioMarin Disclosure Letter or the BioMarin SEC Documents: (a) To BioMarin's Knowledge, BioMarin owns or possesses sufficient legal rights to all Intellectual Property used in BioMarin's business as currently conducted and material thereto; (b) to BioMarin's Knowledge, the BioMarin Intellectual Property and the conduct of the business of BioMarin do not infringe upon, violate or breach the Intellectual Property rights of any other Person; (c) to BioMarin's Knowledge, no Person is infringing any of the BioMarin Intellectual Property; and (d) BioMarin has not received any written notice or claim challenging BioMarin respecting the validity of, use of or ownership of the BioMarin Intellectual Property, and to BioMarin's Knowledge, there are no facts upon which such a challenge could be made which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin. 3.21 Opinion of Financial Advisor. The Board of Directors of BioMarin has received the opinion of UBS Warburg LLC, financial advisor to BioMarin, dated the date of this Agreement, to the effect that, as of such date, the Exchange Ratio is fair to BioMarin from a financial point of view 23 (the "BioMarin Opinion"). BioMarin will furnish an accurate and complete copy of said opinion to Glyko solely for informational purposes after receipt therof by BioMarin. 3.22 Board Approval. The Board of Directors of BioMarin (at a meeting duly called and held) has (a) determined (pursuant to a unanimous vote of all members of the Board of Directors of BioMarin entitled to vote thereon) that the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement is fair to shareholders of BioMarin and in the best interests of BioMarin and (b) determined as of the date hereof to recommend that the holders of BioMarin Common Stock vote in favor of the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement. ARTICLE 4 CONDUCT PRIOR TO THE EFFECTIVE TIME 4.1 Access and Investigation. During the period from the date of this Agreement through the Effective Time (the "PreClosing Period"), Glyko shall: (a) provide BioMarin and BioMarin's Representatives with reasonable access during normal business hours to Glyko's Representatives, personnel and to all existing books, records, Tax Returns, work papers and other documents and information relating to Glyko; and (b) provide BioMarin and BioMarin's Representatives with such copies of the existing books, records, Tax Returns, work papers and other documents and information relating to Glyko, and with such additional financial, operating and other data and information regarding Glyko, as BioMarin may reasonably request at BioMarin's expense. 4.2 Operation of Glyko's Business. (a) During the PreClosing Period: (i) Glyko shall conduct its business and operations (A) in the ordinary course and in accordance with past practices based on Glyko's operating history since June 30, 2000 and (B) in compliance with all applicable Legal Requirements and the requirements of all Glyko Contracts that constitute Material Contracts (ii) Glyko shall preserve intact its current business organization, keep available the services of its current officers and other employees and maintain its relations and goodwill with all Persons having business relationships with Glyko; (iii) Glyko shall (to the extent requested by BioMarin) cause its officers to report regularly to BioMarin concerning the status of Glyko's business; and (iv) Glyko shall maintain its books of account and records in the usual, regular and ordinary manner, in accordance with Canadian GAAP applied on a consistent basis. (b) During the PreClosing Period, Glyko shall not except: (1) with the prior written consent of BioMarin not to be unreasonably withheld; (2) with respect to any matters disclosed in the Glyko Disclosure Letter; or (3) with respect to any matter expressly contemplated by this Agreement or the Arrangement: (i) declare, accrue, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect of any shares of capital stock, or repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any shares of capital stock or other securities; 24 (ii) sell, issue, grant or authorize the issuance or grant of (A) any capital stock or other security, (B) any Option, call, warrant or right to acquire any capital stock or other security, or (C) any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock or other security (except that Glyko may issue Glyko Common Shares upon the valid exercise of Glyko Stock Options outstanding as of the date of this Agreement); (iii) amend or waive any of its rights under, or accelerate the vesting under, any provision of the Stock Option Plan, or otherwise modify any of the terms of any outstanding Option, warrant or other security or any related Contract other than as contemplated in Section 6.11; (iv) amend or permit the adoption of any amendment to the Glyko Charter Documents, or effect or become a party to any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, reclassification of shares, stock split, division or subdivision of shares, reverse stock split, consolidation of shares or similar transaction; (v) form any Subsidiary or acquire any equity interest or other interest in any other Entity; (vi) make capital expenditures above $25,000 in aggregate; (vii) enter into or become bound by, or permit any of the assets owned or used by it to become bound by, any Material Contract, or amend or terminate, or waive or exercise any material right or remedy under, any Material Contract, other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices; (viii) acquire, lease or license any right or other asset from any other Person or sell or otherwise dispose of, or lease or license, any right or other asset to any other Person, or waive or relinquish any material right; (ix) lend money to any Person, or incur or guarantee any indebtedness; (x) establish, adopt or amend any employee benefit plan, pay any bonus, make any severance payment or benefit or make any profitsharing or similar payment to, or increase the amount of the wages, salary, commissions, fringe benefits or other compensation or remuneration payable to, any of its directors, officers or employees; (xi) hire any employee; (xii) change any of its personnel policies or other business policies, or any of its methods of accounting or accounting practices in any respect; (xiii) make any Tax election; (xiv) commence or settle any Legal Proceeding; 25 (xv) enter into any material transaction or take any other material action outside the ordinary course of business or inconsistent with past practices based on Glyko's operating history since June 30, 2000; or (xvi) agree or commit to take any of the actions described in clauses "(i)" through "(xv)" of this Section 4.2(b). ARTICLE 5 GLYKO SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL AND BIOMARIN STOCKHOLDER APPROVAL 5.1 Joint Proxy Circular; Board Recommendations; Other Filings (a) As promptly as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, BioMarin and Glyko will prepare the Joint Proxy Circular. Each of BioMarin and Glyko shall provide promptly to the other such information concerning its business and financial and other affairs as, in the reasonable judgment of the requesting party or its counsel, may be required or appropriate for inclusion in the Joint Proxy Circular, or in any amendments or supplements thereto, and to cause its counsel and auditors to cooperate with the other's counsel and auditors in the preparation of the Joint Proxy Circular. Glyko will afford BioMarin an opportunity to review all materials to be submitted to the Court, and shall make all such changes as are reasonably requested by BioMarin. Glyko will respond to any comments of the Court with the assistance of BioMarin, and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the Interim Order issued as promptly as practicable after such filing. Each of Glyko and BioMarin will cause the Joint Proxy Circular to be mailed to its shareholders at the earliest practicable time after the Interim Order has been granted by the Court. As promptly as practicable after the date of this Agreement, each of Glyko and BioMarin will prepare and file any other filings required to be filed by it pursuant to the requirements of the CBCA, the Interim Order, Canadian Securities Legislation, the TSE and any other Canadian, United States or other laws relating to the Arrangement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the "Other Filings"). Each of Glyko and BioMarin will notify the other promptly upon the receipt of any comments from the Court or its staff or any other government officials and of any request by the Court or its staff or any other government officials for amendments or supplements to the Joint Proxy Circular or any Other Filing or for additional information and will supply the other with copies of all correspondence between such party or any of its Representatives, on the one hand, and the Court or its staff or any other government officials, on the other hand, with respect to the Joint Proxy Circular, the Arrangement or any Other Filing. Each of Glyko and BioMarin will cause all documents that it is responsible for filing with the Court or other regulatory authorities under this Section 5.1(a) to comply in all material respects with all applicable requirements of law and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Whenever any event occurs which is required to be set forth in an amendment or supplement to the Joint Proxy Circular or any Other Filing, Glyko or BioMarin, as the case may be, will promptly inform the other of such occurrence and cooperate in filing with the Court or its staff or any other government officials, and/or mailing to shareholders of Glyko and BioMarin, such amendment or supplement. 26 (b) Each of Glyko and BioMarin shall ensure that the information supplied by it in writing for inclusion in the Joint Proxy Circular does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading in light of the circumstances in which they are made. (c) Subject to Section 5.2(c), the Joint Proxy Circular will include (i) the recommendation of the Board of Directors of Glyko that Glyko shareholders vote in favor of approval of the Continuance and the Arrangement, (ii) the Glyko Opinion referred to in Section 2.21, (iii) the recommendation of the Board of Directors of BioMarin that BioMarin's stockholders vote in favor of the Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of the BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement and (iv) the BioMarin Opinion referred to in Section 3.21. (d) As soon as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, BioMarin shall prepare, with the cooperation of Glyko, applications and will file such applications with the Commissions and exercise its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Commissions to grant the Securities Exemption Orders. BioMarin and Glyko shall each use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such applications to comply with the requirements of Canadian Securities Legislation. Each of BioMarin and Glyko agrees to provide promptly to the other such information concerning its business and financial and other affairs as, in the reasonable judgment of the requesting party or its counsel, may be required or appropriate for inclusion in such applications, or in any amendments or supplements thereto, and to cause its counsel and auditors to cooperate with the other's counsel and auditors in the preparation of such application. Glyko will promptly advise BioMarin, and BioMarin will promptly advise Glyko, in writing, if at any time prior to the Effective Time either Glyko or BioMarin shall obtain knowledge of any facts that might make it necessary or appropriate to amend or supplement the applications in order to make the statements contained or incorporated by reference therein not misleading or to comply with applicable law. 5.2 Meeting of Glyko Shareholders. (a) Promptly after the date hereof, Glyko will take all action pursuant to the requirements of the CBCA, the Interim Order, Canadian Securities Legislation (and all other applicable securities laws), the TSE and Glyko Charter Documents to convene the Glyko Shareholders Meeting to be held as promptly as practicable, and in any event Glyko will use its commercially reasonable efforts to convene such meeting not later than May 31, 2002 for the purpose of voting upon the Continuance and the Arrangement. Glyko shall ensure that the Glyko Shareholders Meeting is called, noticed, convened, held and conducted, and that all proxies solicited in connection with the Glyko Shareholders Meeting are solicited, in compliance with all applicable Legal Requirements (including the Interim Order and Glyko Charter Documents). Glyko's obligation to call, give notice of, convene and hold the Glyko Shareholders Meeting in accordance with this Section 5.2(a) shall not be limited or otherwise affected by the commencement, disclosure, announcement or submission of any Superior Offer or other Acquisition Proposal. Subject to any withheld, withdrawn, amended or modified recommendation of the Glyko Board of Directors in accordance with Section 5.2(c), Glyko will use its commercially reasonable efforts to solicit from its shareholders proxies in favor of the approval of the Arrangement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Glyko may adjourn or postpone the Glyko Shareholders Meeting to the extent necessary to ensure that any necessary supplement or amendment to the Joint 27 Proxy Circular is provided to Glyko's shareholders in advance of a vote on the Continuance or the Arrangement or, if as of the time for which the Glyko Shareholders Meeting is originally scheduled (as set forth in the Joint Proxy Circular) there are insufficient Glyko Common Shares represented (either in Person or by proxy) to constitute a quorum necessary to conduct the business of the Glyko Shareholders Meeting. (b) Subject to Section 5.2(c), neither the Board of Directors of Glyko nor any committee thereof shall withhold, withdraw, amend or modify in a manner adverse to BioMarin, the recommendation of the Board of Directors of Glyko that Glyko's shareholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve the Arrangement and the Continuance. (c) Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Board of Directors of Glyko from: (i) complying with Section 99 of the Securities Act (Ontario) with regard to any Acquisition Transaction or making any other disclosure required by applicable law so long as any such disclosure rejects any Acquisition Transaction and reaffirms its recommendation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or taking any other action to the extent ordered or otherwise mandated by any court of competent jurisdiction; or (ii) withholding, withdrawing, amending or modifying its recommendation in favor of the Arrangement if: (A) a Superior Offer is made to Glyko and is not withdrawn; (B) neither Glyko nor any of its Representatives shall have violated any of the restrictions set forth in Section 6.2 (a); (C) the Board of Directors of Glyko concludes in good faith, after consultation with its outside counsel, that, in light of such Superior Offer, the withholding, withdrawal, amendment or modification of such recommendation is required in order for the Board of Directors of Glyko to comply with its fiduciary obligations under applicable law; and (D) Glyko's Board of Directors does not withdraw, amend or modify its recommendation in favor of the Arrangement for at least 72 hours after Glyko provides BioMarin with the name of the Person making such Superior Offer and a copy of such Superior Offer. Nothing contained in this Section 5.2(c) shall limit Glyko's obligation to call, give notice of, convene and hold the Glyko Shareholders Meeting (regardless of whether the recommendation of the Board of Directors of Glyko shall have been withdrawn, amended or modified). (d) During the 72-hour period referred to in Section 5.2(c)(ii)(D), Glyko acknowledges that BioMarin shall have the opportunity, but not the obligation, to offer to amend the terms of this Agreement and the Arrangement. The Glyko Board of Directors will review any offer by BioMarin to amend the terms of this Agreement in good faith in order to determine, in its discretion in the exercise of its fiduciary obligations, whether BioMarin's offer to amend the terms of this Agreement upon acceptance by Glyko would result in the Superior Offer continuing to be a Superior Offer. If the Glyko Board of Directors determines that the Superior Offer is no longer a Superior Offer in light of BioMarin's amended offer, the parties hereto will enter into an amended agreement reflecting BioMarin's amended offer. 5.3 Meeting of BioMarin Stockholders. Promptly after the date hereof, BioMarin will take all action pursuant to the requirements of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the United States 1933 Act, the United States 1934 Act (and all other applicable securities laws), Nasdaq, SWX Swiss Exchange and BioMarin Charter Documents to convene the BioMarin Stockholders Meeting to be held as promptly as practicable, and in any event BioMarin will use its commercially reasonable efforts to convene such meeting not later than May 31, 2002 for the purpose of 28 considering the approval of the Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of the BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement. ARTICLE 6 ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS 6.1 Confidentiality; Access to Information. (a) The parties acknowledge that Glyko and BioMarin have previously executed a Mutual Confidentiality Agreement, dated as of January 10, 2002 (the "Confidentiality Agreement"), which Confidentiality Agreement (other than Sections 10, 11 and 12 thereof which shall terminate and be of no further force or effect) will continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms. In the event of an inconsistency in the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the terms and conditions of the Confidentiality Agreement, the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall prevail. (b) Each of Glyko and BioMarin will afford the other and its respective auditors, counsel and other Representatives reasonable access during normal business hours, upon reasonable notice, to the properties, books, records and personnel of Glyko and BioMarin during the period prior to the Effective Time to obtain all information concerning the business of Glyko or BioMarin, as may be reasonably requested. Notwithstanding the foregoing, BioMarin shall not be obligated to provide Glyko and its Representatives with any information relating to product development efforts, clinical results and scientific information. No information or knowledge obtained by BioMarin or Glyko in any investigation pursuant to this Section 6.1 will affect or be deemed to modify any representation or warranty contained herein or the conditions to the obligations of the parties to consummate the Arrangement. 6.2 No Solicitation. (a) Glyko shall not directly or indirectly, and shall not authorize or permit any Representative of Glyko directly or indirectly to: (i) solicit, initiate, knowingly encourage or induce the making, submission or announcement of any Acquisition Proposal; (ii) furnish any confidential information regarding Glyko to any Person in connection with or in response to an Acquisition Proposal; (iii) engage in discussions or negotiations with any Person with respect to any Acquisition Proposal; (iv) approve, endorse or recommend any Acquisition Proposal; or (v) enter into any letter of intent or similar document or any Contract contemplating or otherwise relating to any Acquisition Transaction; provided, however, that prior to the adoption and approval of the Arrangement by the Required Glyko Shareholder Vote, Glyko and its Representatives shall not be prohibited by (and shall not be considered to have violated) this Section 6.2(a) from (A) furnishing nonpublic information regarding Glyko to any Person in response to an Acquisition Proposal that is submitted by such Person (and not withdrawn), or (B) entering into discussions with any Person in response to an Acquisition Proposal that is submitted by such Person (and not withdrawn), if (1) in the case of clause (A) above, the Board of Directors of Glyko has first made a good faith determination that the furnishing of such nonpublic information to such Person is reasonably likely to lead to the 29 submission of a Superior Offer from such Person, (2) neither Glyko nor any Representative of Glyko shall have violated any of the restrictions set forth in this Section 6.2(a), (3) the Board of Directors of Glyko concludes in good faith, based upon the advice of its outside legal counsel, that the failure to take such action is inconsistent with its fiduciary obligations under applicable law, (4) prior to furnishing any such nonpublic information to, or entering into discussions with, such Person, Glyko gives BioMarin written notice of the identity of such Person and of Glyko's intention to furnish nonpublic information to, or enter into discussions with, such Person, and Glyko receives from such Person an executed confidentiality agreement containing customary limitations on the use and disclosure of all nonpublic written and oral information furnished to such Person by or on behalf of Glyko and following which, Glyko keeps BioMarin fully informed with respect to the status of any such Acquisition Proposal and any modification or proposed modification thereto, and (5) prior to furnishing any such nonpublic information to such Person, Glyko furnishes such nonpublic information to BioMarin (to the extent such nonpublic information has not been previously furnished by Glyko to BioMarin). (b) Glyko shall immediately cease and cause to be terminated any existing discussions between (i) Glyko and any of its Representatives and (ii) any other Person that relate to any Acquisition Proposal. 6.3 Public Disclosure. BioMarin and Glyko will consult with each other, and to the extent practicable, agree, before issuing any press release or otherwise making any public statement with respect to the Arrangement or this Agreement and will not issue any such press release announcing this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby or make any such public statement prior to such consultation, except as may be required by law or any listing agreement with a national securities exchange. 6.4 Reasonable Efforts. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, each of the parties agrees to use all commercially reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause to be done, and to assist and cooperate with the other parties in doing, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective, in the most expeditious manner practicable, the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including using commercially reasonable efforts to accomplish the following: (a) the taking of all reasonable acts necessary to cause the conditions precedent set forth in Article 7 to be satisfied; (b) the obtaining of the Appropriate Regulatory Approvals and all other necessary actions, waivers, consents, approvals, orders and authorizations from Governmental Bodies and the making of all necessary registrations, declarations and filings (including registrations, declarations and filings with Governmental Bodies, if any) and the taking of all reasonable steps as may be necessary to avoid any suit, claim, action, investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Body; (c) the obtaining of all consents, approvals or waivers from third parties required as a result of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement; (d) the defending of any suits, claims, actions, investigations or proceedings, whether judicial or administrative, challenging this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, including seeking to have any stay or temporary restraining order entered by any court or other Governmental Body vacated or reversed; (e) the execution or delivery of any additional instruments reasonably necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by, and to fully carry out the purposes of, this Agreement; and (f) the 30 preparation of the Joint Proxy Circular and the calling and holding of the Glyko Shareholders Meeting and the BioMarin Stockholders Meeting. 6.5 Notification. (a) Glyko shall give prompt notice to BioMarin in writing of: (i) the discovery of any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurred or existed on or prior to the date of this Agreement and that caused or constitutes a material inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by Glyko in this Agreement; (ii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurs, arises or exists after the date of this Agreement and that would cause or constitute a material inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by Glyko in this Agreement if (A) such representation or warranty had been made as of the time of the occurrence, existence or discovery of such event, condition, fact or circumstance, or (B) such event, condition, fact or circumstance had occurred, arisen or existed on or prior to the date of this Agreement; (iii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that would, or would be likely to, result in a material breach of any covenant or obligation of Glyko or that would make the timely satisfaction of any of the conditions set forth in Article 7 impossible or unlikely or that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko; or (iv) any failure of Glyko to comply with or satisfy in any material respect any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it under this Agreement, in each case, such that the conditions set forth in Section 7.3(a) or 7.3(b) would not be satisfied. No notification given to BioMarin pursuant to this Section 6.5(a) shall limit or otherwise affect any of the representations, warranties, covenants or obligations of Glyko contained in this Agreement or any right or remedy of BioMarin with respect thereto. (b) BioMarin shall give prompt notice to Glyko in writing of: (i) the discovery of any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurred or existed on or prior to the date of this Agreement and that caused or constitutes a material inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia in this Agreement; (ii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that occurs, arises or exists after the date of this Agreement and that would cause or constitute a material inaccuracy in any representation or warranty made by BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia in this Agreement if (A) such representation or warranty had been made as of the time of the occurrence, existence or discovery of such event, condition, fact or circumstance, or (B) such event, condition, fact or circumstance had occurred, arisen or existed on or prior to the date of this Agreement; (iii) any event, condition, fact or circumstance that would, or would be likely to, result in a material breach of any covenant or obligation of BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia or that would make the timely satisfaction of any of the conditions set forth in Article 7 impossible or unlikely or that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin; or (iv) any failure of BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia to comply with or satisfy in any material respect any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it under this Agreement, in each case, such that the conditions set forth in Section 7.2(a) or 7.2(b) would not be satisfied. No notification given to Glyko pursuant to this Section 6.5(b) shall limit or otherwise affect any of the representations, warranties, covenants or obligations of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia contained in this Agreement or any right or remedy of Glyko with respect thereto. 6.6 Third Party Consents. As soon as practicable following the date hereof, BioMarin and Glyko will each use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any consents, waivers and 31 approvals under its or any of its or its Subsidiaries' respective Contracts required to be obtained in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. 6.7 Nasdaq and SWX Swiss Exchange Listing. BioMarin agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the listing on Nasdaq and the SWX Swiss Exchange of the shares of BioMarin Common Stock issuable in connection with the Arrangement with effect as and from the Effective Date, in the case of Nasdaq, and as soon as practicable thereafter, in the case of the SWX Swiss Exchange. 6.8 Glyko Affiliate Agreement. Set forth in Glyko Disclosure Letter is a list of those Persons who may be deemed to be, in Glyko's reasonable judgment (which shall be concurred with by BioMarin), affiliates of Glyko (other than BioMarin) within the meaning of Rule 145 promulgated under the United States 1933 Act (each, a "Glyko Affiliate"). Glyko will provide BioMarin with such information and documents as BioMarin reasonably requests for purposes of reviewing such list. Each Glyko Affiliate Agreement will be in full force and effect as of the Effective Time. BioMarin will be entitled to place appropriate legends on the certificates evidencing any BioMarin Common Stock to be received by any Glyko Affiliate pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and to issue appropriate stop transfer instructions to the transfer agent for the BioMarin Common Stock, consistent with the terms of any Glyko Affiliate Agreement. 6.9 Listing of Glyko Common Shares. Glyko shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that the Glyko Common Shares remain listed on the TSE up until and including the Effective Time. 6.10 Indemnification of Directors and Officers. (a) From and after the Effective Date, BioMarin will cause Glyko to fulfill and honor in all respects the obligations of Glyko (or any predecessor corporation) pursuant to (i) each indemnification agreement currently in effect between Glyko and each person who is or was a director or officer of Glyko (or any predecessor corporation) prior to the Effective Date (the "Indemnified Parties") and (ii) any indemnification provision under the Glyko Charter Documents as in effect on the date hereof. The Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of Glyko will contain provisions with respect to exculpation and indemnification that are at least as favorable to the Indemnified Parties as those contained in Glyko Charter Documents as in effect on the date hereof, which provisions will not be amended, repealed or otherwise modified for a period of six (6) years from the Effective Date in any manner that would adversely affect the rights thereunder of any Indemnified Party or of individuals who, immediately prior to the Effective Date, were employees or agents of Glyko, unless such modification is required by law. (b) For a period of six (6) years after the Effective Date, BioMarin will maintain or cause Glyko to maintain in effect, to the extent available, directors' and officers' liability insurance covering those persons who are currently covered by Glyko's directors' and officers' liability insurance policy on terms equivalent in all material respects to those applicable to the current directors and officers of Glyko; provided, however, that in no event will BioMarin or Glyko be required to expend an annual premium for such coverage in excess of 150 percent of the amount of the last annual premium paid by Glyko prior to the date of this Agreement for such coverage and 32 provided, further, that if the annual premium payable for such insurance coverage exceeds such amount, BioMarin shall be obligated to obtain a policy with the greatest coverage available for an annual premium not exceeding such amount. The obligations of BioMarin under this Section 6.10 shall not be terminated or modified in such a manner as to adversely affect any Indemnified Party without the consent of such Indemnified Party (it being expressly agreed that the Indemnified Parties shall be third party beneficiaries of this Section 6.10). 6.11 Stock Options. (a) Pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, each Glyko Stock Option outstanding immediately before the Implementation Time shall be exchanged for a stock option (a "Replacement Option") of BioMarin granted in accordance with BioMarin's 1997 Stock Plan, as amended on December 22, 1998 (a copy of which has been made available for Glyko's review). In accordance with the Plan of Arrangement: (i) the number of shares of BioMarin Common Stock subject to each Replacement Option shall be equal to the number of Glyko Common Shares subject to the corresponding Glyko Stock Option immediately prior to the Implementation Time multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, rounding down to the nearest whole share; (ii) the per share exercise price under each Replacement Option shall be adjusted by dividing the U.S. Dollar Equivalent (calculated on the date of the Implementation Time) of the per share exercise price under the corresponding Glyko Stock Option by the Exchange Ratio and rounding up to the nearest cent; and (iii) any restriction on the exercise of any such Glyko Stock Option shall continue in full force and effect and the term and vesting schedule of such Glyko Stock Option shall otherwise remain unchanged, except for such changes as are triggered by the Plan of Arrangement. (b) Glyko shall take all action that may be necessary (under the Stock Option Plan and otherwise) to effectuate the provisions of this Section 6.11 and to ensure that, from and after the Effective Time, holders of Glyko Stock Options have no rights with respect thereto other than those specifically provided in this Section 6.11. (c) The BioMarin Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Replacement Options will be registered on a registration statement on Form S8 under the United States 1933 Act on the Effective Date. 6.12 Treatment as a Reorganization for U.S. Tax Purposes. Bio Marin represents, warrants and covenants: (a) BioMarin has not taken (and does not intend to take), and does not intend to cause Glyko to take, any action that reasonably would be expected (i) to cause the Arrangement to fail to qualify as a "reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the United States Code or (ii) to cause Glyko to not be considered a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. (b) Each of BioMarin and Glyko shall report the Arrangement as "reorganization" within the meaning of 368(a) of the United States Code for United States federal income tax purposes and comply with any applicable reporting requirements. 33 (c) Upon request of any former holder of Glyko Common Shares, BioMarin shall provide (or cause Glyko to provide) such holder with any information necessary for such holder to comply with any United States Tax filings related to such holder's ownership or disposition of Glyko Common Shares. (d) After the Effective Time, BioMarin shall cause Glyko to pay any amounts owed in respect of Dissenting Shares out of Glyko's own funds. No funds will be supplied for that purpose (directly or indirectly) by BioMarin, nor will BioMarin (directly or indirectly) reimburse Glyko for any payments in respect of such Dissenting Shares. (e) The Arrangement is not part of the same plan pursuant to which Glyko transferred its assets to BioMarin on October 7, 1998 in exchange for BioMarin Common Stock and cash. (f) Other than payments in respect to Dissenting Shares and cash paid in lieu of fractional shares, BioMarin will acquire Glyko Common Shares solely in exchange for BioMarin voting stock. For purposes of this Section 6.12(f), (i) Glyko Common Shares redeemed for cash or other property furnished by BioMarin will be considered as acquired by BioMarin; (ii) any payments made to holders of Glyko Common Shares in respect of Dissenting Shares shall be made solely from Glyko's own funds; and (iii) the payment of cash in lieu of fractional shares is solely for the purpose of avoiding the expense and inconvenience to BioMarin of issuing fractional shares and does not represent separately bargained for consideration. Further, for United States federal income tax purposes, no liabilities of Glyko or the holders of Glyko Common Shares will be assumed by BioMarin. ARTICLE 7 CONDITIONS TO THE ARRANGEMENT 7.1 Conditions to Obligations of Each Party to Effect the Arrangement. The respective obligations of each party to this Agreement to effect the Arrangement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions: (a) Glyko Shareholder Approval. The Continuance and the Arrangement shall have been duly approved by the Required Glyko Shareholder Vote, and in accordance with any additional conditions which may be imposed by the Interim Order and which are satisfactory to Glyko. (b) BioMarin Stockholder Approval. The Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of the BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement, shall have been duly approved by the Required BioMarin Stockholder Vote. (c) Court Orders. The Interim Order and the Final Order shall each have been obtained in form and on terms satisfactory to BioMarin and Glyko, and shall not have been set aside or modified in a manner unacceptable to such parties on appeal or otherwise; and upon receipt of the Interim Order and the Final Order, no shares of BioMarin Common Stock to be issued at the 34 Effective Time will require registration pursuant to the United States 1933 Act and such shares will be exempt from registration pursuant to Section 3(a)(10) of the United States 1933 Act. (d) No Order; HSR Act. No Governmental Body shall have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, injunction or other order (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) which is in effect and which has the effect of restraining or prohibiting consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. All waiting periods, if any, under the HSR Act and the Competition Act (Canada) relating to the transactions contemplated hereby will have expired or terminated early or all antitrust approvals under Canadian or other laws required to be obtained prior to the Arrangement in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been obtained. (e) Nasdaq Listing. The BioMarin Common Stock issuable in connection with the Arrangement shall have been authorized for listing on Nasdaq. (f) Securities Exemption Orders. The Securities Exemption Orders shall have been obtained and be in form and substance satisfactory to BioMarin and Glyko, acting reasonably. (g) No Governmental Litigation. There shall not be pending or threatened any Legal Proceeding in which a Governmental Body is or is threatened to become a party or is otherwise involved, and neither BioMarin nor Glyko shall have received any communication from any Governmental Body in which such Governmental Body indicates the possibility of commencing any Legal Proceeding or taking any other action: (i) challenging or seeking to restrain or prohibit the consummation of the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; (ii) relating to the Arrangement and seeking to obtain from BioMarin or any of its Subsidiaries, or Glyko, any damages or other relief that may be material to BioMarin; (iii) seeking to prohibit or limit in any material respect BioMarin's ability to vote, receive dividends with respect to or otherwise exercise ownership rights with respect to the stock of Glyko; or (iv) which would materially and adversely affect the right of BioMarin or of Glyko to own the assets or operate the business of Glyko. (h) Approvals. All Appropriate Regulatory Approvals required under this Agreement shall have been obtained (all of which shall be in full force and effect), except where the failure to obtain any Appropriate Regulatory Approval would not prevent consummation of the Arrangement or otherwise prevent any of the parties hereto from performing their respective obligations under this Agreement, or could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on BioMarin or Glyko. 7.2 Additional Conditions to Obligations of Glyko. The obligation of Glyko to consummate and effect the Arrangement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing Date of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived in writing, exclusively by Glyko: (a) Representations and Warranties. Each representation and warranty of BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia contained in this Agreement (i) shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and (ii) shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on the 35 Closing Date except for (A) changes contemplated by this Agreement and (B) those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which representations shall have been true and correct (subject to the qualifications as set forth in the preceding clause (A)) as of such particular date (it being understood that, for purposes of determining the accuracy of such representations and warranties, any representations and warranties subject to "materiality" or "Material Adverse Effect" qualifiers shall be true and correct in all respects, and any minor update of or modification to the BioMarin Disclosure Letter made or purported to have been made after the date of this Agreement shall be disregarded). (b) Agreements and Covenants. BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia each shall have performed or complied in all material respects with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date. (c) No Material Adverse Change. There shall have occurred no Material Adverse Change with respect to BioMarin since the date of this Agreement. (d) Certificate. Glyko shall have received a certificate executed on behalf of BioMarin by its Chief Executive Officer confirming that the conditions set forth in Sections 7.2(a), (b) and (c) have been duly satisfied. (e) Legal Opinions. Glyko shall have received (i) an opinion of United States counsel to BioMarin, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Glyko, with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit D to this Agreement and (ii) an opinion of Canadian counsel to BioMarin, in form and substance satisfactory to Glyko, with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit E to this Agreement. 7.3 Additional Conditions to the Obligations of BioMarin. The obligations of BioMarin to consummate and effect the Arrangement shall be subject to the satisfaction at or prior to the Closing Date of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived in writing, exclusively by BioMarin: (a) Representations and Warranties. Each representation and warranty of Glyko contained in this Agreement (i) shall have been true and correct in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and (ii) shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Closing Date with the same force and effect as if made on and as of the Closing Date except (A) for changes contemplated by this Agreement and (B) for those representations and warranties which address matters only as of a particular date (which representations shall have been true and correct (subject to the qualifications as set forth in the preceding clause (A)) as of such particular date) (it being understood that, for purposes of determining the accuracy of such representations and warranties, any representations and warranties subject to "materiality" or "Material Adverse Effect" qualifiers shall be true and correct in all material respects and any minor update of or modification to the Glyko Disclosure Letter made or purported to have been made after the date of this Agreement shall be disregarded). 36 (b) Agreements and Covenants. Glyko shall have performed or complied in all material respects with all agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date. (c) Dissenters. Holders of no more than one (1) percent in the aggregate of the issued and outstanding Glyko Common Shares shall have exercised (and not withdrawn such exercise) Dissenters' Rights in respect of the Arrangement or the Continuance. (d) No Material Adverse Change. There shall have occurred no Material Adverse Change with respect to Glyko since the date of this Agreement. (e) Certificates and Resignations. BioMarin shall have received: (i) a certificate executed on behalf of Glyko by its Chairman confirming that the conditions set forth in Sections 7.3(a), (b), (c) and (d) have been duly satisfied; and (ii) the written resignations of all directors and officers of Glyko, effective as of the Effective Time. (f) Legal Opinion. BioMarin shall have received (i) an opinion of United States counsel to Glyko, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to BioMarin, with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit F hereto and (ii) an opinion of Canadian counsel to Glyko, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to BioMarin, with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit G to this Agreement. ARTICLE 8 TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER 8.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after the requisite approval of the shareholders of Glyko or stockholders of BioMarin: (a) by mutual written consent duly authorized by the Boards of Directors of BioMarin and Glyko; (b) by either Glyko or BioMarin if the Arrangement shall not have been consummated by June 15, 2002 for any reason; provided, however, that the right to terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(b) shall not be available to any party whose action or failure to act has been a principal cause of or resulted in the failure of the Arrangement to occur on or before such date and such action or failure to act constitutes a breach of this Agreement; (c) by either Glyko or BioMarin if a Governmental Body shall have issued an order, decree or ruling or taken any other action, in any case having the effect of permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the Arrangement, which order, decree, ruling or other action is final and nonappealable; 37 (d) by either BioMarin or Glyko if (i) the Glyko Shareholders Meeting (including any adjournments or postponements thereof) shall have been held and completed and Glyko's shareholders shall have taken a final vote on a proposal to approve the Continuance and the Arrangement, and (ii) either the Continuance or the Arrangement shall not have been approved at such meeting by the Required Glyko Shareholder Vote (and shall not have been approved at any adjournment or postponement thereof); (e) by either BioMarin or Glyko if (i) the BioMarin Stockholders Meeting (including any adjournments or postponements thereof) shall have been held and completed and stockholders of BioMarin shall have taken a final vote on a proposal to approve the Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement, and (ii) such Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock, shall not have been approved at such meeting by the Required BioMarin Stockholder Vote (and shall not have been approved at any adjournment or postponement thereof); (f) by Glyko, upon a material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia set forth in this Agreement, or if any material representation or warranty of BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia shall have become untrue, in either case such that the conditions set forth in Section 7.2(a) or Section 7.2(b) would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or as of the time such material representation or warranty shall have become untrue, provided, that if such inaccuracy in BioMarin's representations and warranties or breach by BioMarin is curable by BioMarin through the exercise of its commercially reasonable efforts, then Glyko may not terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(f) for thirty (30) days after delivery of written notice from Glyko to BioMarin of such breach, provided BioMarin continues to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach (it being understood that Glyko may not terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(f) if it shall have materially breached this Agreement or if such breach by BioMarin is cured during such thirty (30)day period); (g) by BioMarin, upon a material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or agreement on the part of Glyko set forth in this Agreement, or if any material representation or warranty of Glyko shall have become untrue, in either case such that the conditions set forth in Section 7.3(a) or Section 7.3(b) would not be satisfied as of the time of such breach or as of the time such material representation or warranty shall have become untrue, provided, that if such inaccuracy in Glyko's representations and warranties or breach by Glyko is curable by Glyko through the exercise of its commercially reasonable efforts, then BioMarin may not terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.1(g) for thirty (30) days after delivery of written notice from BioMarin to Glyko of such breach, provided Glyko continues to exercise commercially reasonable efforts to cure such breach (it being understood that BioMarin may not terminate this Agreement pursuant to this Section 8.1(g) if it shall have materially breached this Agreement or if such breach by Glyko is cured during such 30day period); or (h) by BioMarin, upon a breach of the provisions of Section 6.2 of this Agreement. 8.2 Notice of Termination; Effect of Termination. Any termination of this Agreement under Section 8.1 will be effective immediately upon (or, if the termination is pursuant to 38 Section 8.1(f) or Section 8.1(g) and the proviso therein is applicable, thirty (30) days after) the delivery of written notice of the terminating party to the other parties hereto. In the event of the termination of this Agreement as provided in Section 8.1, this Agreement shall be of no further force or effect and no party shall have any further liability hereunder, except (i) as set forth in this Section 8.2, Section 8.3 and Article 9, each of which shall survive the termination of this Agreement, and (ii) nothing herein shall relieve any party from liability for any intentional or willful breach of this Agreement. No termination of this Agreement shall affect the obligations of the parties contained in the Confidentiality Agreement, all of which obligations (other than as set forth in Section 6.1(a)) shall survive termination of this Agreement in accordance with their terms. 8.3 Fees and Expenses. (a) General. Except as set forth in this Section 8.3, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by the party incurring such expenses whether or not the Arrangement is consummated. (b) Glyko Payments. (i) Glyko shall pay to BioMarin in immediately available funds, within two (2) business days after written demand by BioMarin, an amount equal to $1,000,000 (the "Termination Fee") if: (A) this Agreement is terminated by BioMarin pursuant to Section 8.1(g); or (B) this Agreement is terminated by Glyko or BioMarin pursuant to Section 8.1(d) and (1) an Acquisition Proposal shall have been publicly announced or otherwise communicated to the Board of Directors of Glyko or shareholders of Glyko after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Glyko Shareholders Meeting and (2) Glyko enters into a definitive agreement with respect to an Acquisition Transaction, or an Acquisition Transaction is otherwise consummated (provided that for the purposes of this Section 8.3 (b)(i)(B) the term "Acquisition Transaction" shall have the meaning ascribed to that term in Section 10.1, except that references to "20 percent" therein shall be deemed to be references to "50 percent"), after the date hereof and prior to the expiration of six (6) months following termination of this Agreement. (ii) Glyko acknowledges that the agreements contained in this Section 8.3(b) are an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and that, without these agreements, BioMarin would not enter into this Agreement; accordingly, if Glyko fails to pay in a timely manner the amounts due pursuant to this Section 8.3(b) and, in order to obtain such payment, BioMarin makes a claim that results in a judgment against Glyko for the amounts set forth in this Section 8.3(b), Glyko shall pay to BioMarin its reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) in connection with such suit, together with interest on the amounts set forth in this Section 8.3(b) at the prime rate of UBS PaineWebber in effect on the date such payment was required to be made. Payment of the fees described in this Section 8.3(b) shall not be in lieu of damages incurred in the event of breach of this Agreement. (c) BioMarin Payments. (i) BioMarin shall pay to Glyko in immediately available funds, within two (2) business days after written demand by Glyko, the Termination Fee, if this Agreement is 39 terminated by Glyko pursuant to Section 8.1(f). BioMarin may pay the Termination Fee to Glyko (without demand having been made by Glyko prior thereto) on not less than 10 business days' notice to Glyko. (ii) BioMarin acknowledges that the agreements contained in this Section 8.3(c) are an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and that, without these agreements, Glyko would not enter into this Agreement; accordingly, if BioMarin fails to pay in a timely manner the amounts due pursuant to this Section 8.3(c) and, in order to obtain such payment, Glyko makes a claim that results in a judgment against BioMarin for the amounts set forth in this Section 8.3(c), BioMarin shall pay to Glyko its reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) in connection with such suit, together with interest on the amounts set forth in this Section 8.3(c) at the prime rate of UBS PaineWebber in effect on the date such payment was required to be made. Payment of the fees described in this Section 8.3(c) shall not be in lieu of damages incurred in the event of breach of this Agreement. 8.4 Amendment. This Agreement may be amended with the approval of the respective Boards of Directors of Glyko and BioMarin at any time (whether before or after the approval of the Arrangement by the shareholders of BioMarin or Glyko); provided, however, that after any such approval of the Arrangement by the shareholders of BioMarin or Glyko, no amendment shall be made which by law requires further approval of the shareholders of BioMarin or Glyko, as the case may be, without such further approval. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the parties hereto. 8.5 Extension; Waiver. At any time prior to the Effective Time, any party hereto may, to the extent legally permitted: (i) extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other parties hereto; (ii) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties made to such party contained herein or in any document delivered pursuant hereto; and (iii) waive compliance with any of the agreements or conditions for the benefit of such party contained herein. Any agreement on the part of a party hereto to any such extension or waiver shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed on behalf of such party. Delay in exercising any right under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of such right. ARTICLE 9 GENERAL PROVISIONS 9.1 NonSurvival of Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties of Glyko, BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia contained in this Agreement shall terminate at the Effective Time, and only the covenants that by their terms survive the Effective Time shall survive the Effective Time. 9.2 Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given if delivered Personally or by commercial delivery service, or sent via telecopy (receipt confirmed) to the parties at the following addresses or telecopy numbers (or at such other address or telecopy numbers for a party as shall be specified by like notice): 40 (a) if to BioMarin to: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. 371 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard Suite 210 Novato, California 94949 Attention: Fredric Price Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Telephone No.: (415) 8846715 Telecopy No.: (415) 3827889 with a copy to: Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP Scotia Plaza, Suite 2100 40 King Street West Toronto, Ontario M5H 3C2 Attention: Mark Bennett, Esq. Telephone No.: (416) 8695407 Telecopy No.: (416) 3506933 and to: Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP 555 South Flower Street 23rd Floor Los Angeles, California 900712371 Attention: Siobhan Burke, Esq. Telephone No.: (213) 6836282 Telecopy No.: (213) 6270705 41 (b) if to Glyko, to: Glyko Biomedical Ltd. 199 Bay Street Box 25, Commerce Court West Toronto, Ontario M5L 1A9 Attention: Joerg Gruber Chairman Telephone No.: +44 (20) 73493101 Telecopy No.: +44 (20) 73493140 with a copy to: Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP 199 Bay Street Box 25, Commerce Court West Toronto, Ontario M5L 1A9 Attention: John A. Kolada, Esq. Telephone No.: (416) 8634171 Facsimile No.: (416) 8632653 9.3 Interpretation. When a reference is made in this Agreement to Exhibits, such reference shall be to an Exhibit to this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. When a reference is made in this Agreement to Sections, such reference shall be to a Section of this Agreement. Unless otherwise indicated the words "include", "includes" and "including" when used herein shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words "without limitation". The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. When reference is made herein to "the business of" an Entity, such reference shall be deemed to include the business of all direct and indirect Subsidiaries of such Entity. Reference to the Subsidiaries of an Entity shall be deemed to include all direct and indirect Subsidiaries of such Entity. 9.4 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other party, it being understood that all parties need not sign the same counterpart. 9.5 Entire Agreement; Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement and the documents and instruments and other agreements among the parties hereto as contemplated by or referred to herein, including Glyko Disclosure Letter and the BioMarin Disclosure Letter (a) constitute the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, it being understood that the Confidentiality Agreement shall continue in full force and 42 effect until the Closing and shall survive any termination of this Agreement (other than as set forth in Section 6.1(a)); and (b) are not intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies hereunder except as provided under Section 6.10. 9.6 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof, becomes or is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement will continue in full force and effect and the application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances will be interpreted so as reasonably to effect the intent of the parties hereto. The parties further agree to replace such void or unenforceable provision of this Agreement with a valid and enforceable provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of such void or unenforceable provision. 9.7 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the state of Delaware, regardless of the laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of laws thereof. In any action between the parties arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement: (a) each of the parties irrevocably and unconditionally consents and submits to the nonexclusive jurisdiction and venue of the state and federal courts located in the state of California; (b) if any such action is commenced in a state court, then, subject to applicable law, no party shall object to the removal of such action to any federal court located in the Northern District of California; (c); each of the parties hereby waives, and agrees not to assert in any such action, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such court, that the action is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of the action is improper; and (d) each of the parties irrevocably consents to service of process by first class certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, to the address at which such party is to receive notice in accordance with Section 9.2. 9.8 Rules of Construction. The parties hereto agree that they have been represented by counsel during the negotiation and execution of this Agreement and, therefore, waive the application of any law, regulation, holding or rule of construction providing that ambiguities in an agreement or other document will be construed against the party drafting such agreement or document. 9.9 Assignment. This Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall be enforceable by and inure solely to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns; provided, however, that (i) neither this Agreement nor any of Glyko's rights hereunder may be assigned by Glyko without the prior written consent of BioMarin and (ii) neither this Agreement nor any of BioMarin's or BioMarin Nova Scotia's rights hereunder may be assigned by BioMarin or BioMarin Nova Scotia without the prior written consent of Glyko (other than an assignment to a direct or indirect whollyowned Subsidiary of BioMarin provided that such assignment shall not release BioMarin from liability hereunder), and any attempted assignment of this Agreement or any of such rights by Glyko or BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, as the case may be, without such consent or except as provided for herein shall be void and of no effect. 9.10 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH OF BIOMARIN, BIOMARIN NOVA SCOTIA AND GLYKO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT 43 OR OTHERWISE) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE ACTIONS OF BIOMARIN, BIOMARIN NOVA SCOTIA AND GLYKO IN THE NEGOTIATION, ADMINISTRATION, PERFORMANCE AND ENFORCEMENT HEREOF. 9.11 Currency. Unless otherwise specified, all sums of money referred to in this Agreement are expressed in U.S. currency. 9.12 Glyko Disclosure Letter. The Glyko Disclosure Letter shall be arranged in separate parts corresponding to the numbered and lettered sections contained in Article 2 and Section 6.8, and the information disclosed in any numbered or lettered part shall be deemed to relate to and to qualify only the particular representation or warranty set forth in the corresponding numbered or lettered section in Article 2 and Section 6.8, and shall not be deemed to relate to or to qualify any other representation or warranty. 9.13 BioMarin Disclosure Letter. The BioMarin Disclosure Letter shall be arranged in separate parts corresponding to the numbered and lettered sections contained in Article 3, and the information disclosed in any numbered or lettered part shall be deemed to relate to and to qualify only the particular representation or warranty set forth in the corresponding numbered or lettered section in Article 3, and shall not be deemed to relate to or to qualify any other representation or warranty. 9.14 Attorneys' Fees. In any action at law or suit in equity to enforce this Agreement or the rights of any of the parties hereunder commenced or initiated after the Effective Date, the prevailing party in such action or suit shall be entitled to receive a reasonable sum for its attorneys' fees and all other reasonable costs and expenses incurred in such action or suit. ARTICLE 10 ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS 10.1 Additional Definitions. In this Agreement, unless there is something in the subject matter or context inconsistent therewith, the following terms shall have the following meanings respectively: "Acquisition Proposal" means any offer, proposal or inquiry (other than an offer or proposal by BioMarin) contemplating or otherwise relating to any Acquisition Transaction. "Acquisition Transaction" means any transaction or series of transactions involving: (a) any merger, consolidation, amalgamation, share exchange, business combination, issuance of securities, acquisition of securities, tender offer, exchange offer or other similar transaction (i) in which Glyko is a constituent company, or (ii) in which a Person or "group" (as defined in the United States 1934 Act) of Persons directly or indirectly acquires beneficial or record ownership of securities representing, or exchangeable for or convertible into, more than 20 percent of the outstanding securities of any class of voting securities of Glyko; 44 (b) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer, license, acquisition or disposition of more than 20 percent of the assets of Glyko; or (c) any liquidation or dissolution of Glyko. "Agreement" means this Acquisition Agreement for a Plan of Arrangement, as it may be amended from time to time. "Appropriate Regulatory Approvals" means those sanctions, rulings, consents, orders, exemptions, permits and other approvals (including the lapse, without objection, of a prescribed time under a statute or regulation that states that a transaction may be implemented if a prescribed time lapses following the giving of notice without an objection being made) of Governmental Bodies, regulatory agencies or selfregulatory organizations, as set out in Exhibit C to this Agreement. "Approvals" means franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, certificates, approvals and orders. "Arrangement" means a plan of arrangement under Section 192 of the CBCA on the terms and subject to the conditions set out in this Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement, subject to any amendments or variations thereto made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement or made at the direction of the Court in the Final Order. "Arrangement Resolution" means the special resolution of the holders of Glyko Common Shares approving the Arrangement to be substantially in the form and content of Exhibit A annexed hereto. "Articles of Arrangement" means the articles of arrangement of Glyko in respect of the Arrangement, required by the CBCA to be filed with the Director after the Final Order is made. "BioMarin Common Stock" means the common stock of BioMarin, par value $0.001 per share. "BioMarin Contract" means any Contract to which BioMarin or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of its Subsidiaries is bound. "BioMarin Intellectual Property" means the Intellectual Property owned by BioMarin used in BioMarin's business as currently conducted and material thereto. "BioMarin's Knowledge" means the best of the knowledge of BioMarin, based upon the knowledge of any of the directors and officers of BioMarin after due and reasonable inquiry of such matter. "BioMarin Stockholders Meeting" means the meeting of the stockholders of BioMarin to consider and approve the issuance of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement and such other matters as may be necessary in connection with the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. 45 "Board of Directors" when used with respect to an Entity means the board of directors of such Entity. "Canadian GAAP" means those accounting principles generally recognized as being accepted in Canada from time to time as set out in the handbook published by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. "Canadian Securities Legislation" means the statutory securities laws in each province of Canada applicable to Glyko, together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, together with the rules, policies, orders and requirements of the securities regulatory authorities in each such province. "CBCA" means the Canada Business Corporations Act, as amended. "Commissions" means the securities commissions which administer Canadian Securities Legislation. "Consent" means any approval, consent, ratification, permission, waiver, permit or authorization (including any Governmental Authorization). "Continuance" means the discontinuance of Glyko under the CBCA pursuant to Section 188 of the CBCA and the continuance of Glyko under the BC Act pursuant to Section 36 of the BC Act. "Continuance Resolution" means the special resolution of the holders of Glyko Common Shares approving the Continuance in accordance with the requirements of the CBCA. "Contract" means any written, oral or other agreement, contract, subcontract, lease, understanding, instrument, note, option, warranty, purchase order, license, sublicense, insurance policy, benefit plan or commitment or undertaking of any nature. "Court" means the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. "Director" means the Director or other duly authorized person performing the duties as Director under the CBCA. "Dissenters' Rights" has the meaning ascribed thereto in section 1.6. "Dissenting Shares" has the meaning ascribed thereto in section 1.6. "Effective Date" means the date shown on the certificate of arrangement to be issued by the Director under the CBCA giving effect to the Arrangement. "Effective Time" has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Plan of Arrangement. "Encumbrance" means any lien, pledge, hypothecation, charge, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, claim, infringement, interference, option, right of first refusal, preemptive right, community property interest or restriction of any nature (including any restriction on the voting of any security, any restriction on the transfer of any security or other asset, any restriction on the 46 receipt of any income derived from any asset, any restriction on the use of any asset and any restriction on the possession, exercise or transfer of any other attribute of ownership of any asset). "Entity" means any corporation (including any nonprofit corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, company (including any company limited by shares, limited liability company or joint stock company), firm, society or other enterprise, association, organization or other entity. "Environmental Laws" means all applicable Legal Requirements relating to the protection of the environment, including any such environmental laws relating to a discharge, spill, emission or other release, whether actual or potential, of any contaminant (as defined in the Environmental Protection Act (Ontario)) and any other applicable legislation, regulation or guideline, as well as any environmental order, directive or decision rendered by any Governmental Body. "Exchange Ratio" means the portion of a share of BioMarin Common Stock to be issued in exchange for each Glyko Common Share being equal to 11,367,617 divided by the total number of outstanding Glyko Common Shares as of the Effective Time. "Final Order" means the final order of the Court approving the Arrangement as such order may be amended at any time prior to the Effective Date or, if appealed, then, unless such appeal is withdrawn or denied, as affirmed. "Glyko Common Shares" means the common shares of Glyko as currently constituted. "Glyko Contract" means any Contract to which Glyko is a party or by which Glyko is bound. "Glyko's Knowledge" means the actual knowledge (without independent inquiry) of the directors of Glyko. "Glyko Regulatory Reports" means all the filings and documents, including any schedules included therein, required to be filed by Glyko pursuant to Canadian Securities Legislation and the requirements of the TSE. "Glyko Shareholders Meeting" means the meeting of the shareholders of Glyko to consider the Continuance Resolution and the Arrangement Resolution. "Glyko Stock Option" means Options to acquire Glyko Common Shares pursuant to the Stock Option Plan. "Governmental Authorization" means any: (a) permit, license, certificate, franchise, permission, variance, clearance, registration, qualification, exemption, order, approval or authorization issued, granted, given or otherwise made available by or under the authority of any Governmental Body or pursuant to any Legal Requirement; or (b) right under any Contract with any Governmental Body. 47 "Governmental Body" means any: (a) nation, state, provincial, commonwealth, province, territory, county, municipality, district or other jurisdiction of any nature; (b) federal, state, provincial, local, municipal, foreign or other government; or (c) governmental, quasigovernmental or regulatory authority of any nature (including any governmental division, department, agency, commission, instrumentality, official, ministry, fund, foundation, centre, organization, unit, body or Entity and any court or other tribunal and including the SEC, OSC, TSE, SWX Swiss Exchange and Nasdaq. "HSR Act" means the HartScottRodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended. "Implementation Time" has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Plan of Arrangement. "Intellectual Property" means industrial and intellectual property including: (a) all registered or unregistered trademarks, trade names, business names, domain names, brand names, brands, designs, logos, identifying indicia and service marks, including any goodwill attaching thereto and all registrations and applications relating thereto (collectively, the "TradeMarks"); (b) all inventions, patents, patent rights, patent applications (including all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuationsinpart and extensions of any patent or patent application), industrial designs and applications for registration of industrial designs; (c) all copyrights, registrations and applications for registration of copyrights and works of authorship including all computer programs (including source code), databases and related works; and (d) all processes, data, trade secrets, designs, knowhow, product information, manuals, technology, research and development reports, technical information, technical assistance, design specifications, and similar materials recording or evidencing expertise or proprietary information. "Interim Order" means the interim order of the Court in respect of the Arrangement, as contemplated by Section 1.3. "Joint Proxy Circular" means the notice of the Glyko Shareholders' Meeting and the notice of the BioMarin Stockholders' Meeting and accompanying management information circular and proxy statement to be sent to holders of Glyko Common Shares in connection with the Glyko Shareholders' Meeting and to be sent to holders of BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the BioMarin Stockholders' Meeting, including all appendices thereto. "Legal Proceeding" means any action, suit, litigation, arbitration or proceeding (including any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or appellate proceeding) before any court or other Governmental Body or any arbitrator or arbitration panel. "Legal Requirement" means (i) any federal, state, provincial, regional, local, municipal, foreign or other law, statute, constitution, principle of common law, edict, decree, rule, regulation, 48 ruling or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, promulgated, implemented or otherwise put into effect by or under the authority of any Governmental Body and (ii) all requirements set forth in applicable Contracts. "License Agreements" has the meaning ascribed thereto in the definition of "Licensed Intellectual Property"; "Licensed Intellectual Property" means all Intellectual Property used under licenses and other contracts granting a license or other right to use such Intellectual Property ("License Agreements"); "Material Adverse Effect" or "Material Adverse Change", when used in connection with an Entity, means any change, event, violation, inaccuracy, circumstance or effect, individually or when aggregated with other changes, events, violations, inaccuracies, circumstances or effects (considered together with all other matters that would constitute exceptions to the representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement but for the presence of "Material Adverse Effect" or other materiality qualifications, or any similar qualifications, in such representations and warranties), that is or could reasonably be expected to be materially adverse to or have a material adverse effect on (a) the business, assets (including intangible assets), capitalization, condition, liabilities, financial performance or results of operations of such Entity and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; provided, however, that no Material Adverse Effect or Material Adverse Change shall be deemed to have occurred solely as a result of any change in (i) the trading price of BioMarin Common Stock or Glyko Common Shares, respectively, that is unrelated to any change, event or circumstance materially adverse to the business, assets (including intangible assets), capitalization, condition, liabilities, financial performance or results of operations of BioMarin or Glyko, as the case may be, (ii) Canadian GAAP or U.S. GAAP or (iii) any federal, state, provincial, regional, local, municipal, foreign or other law, statute, constitution, principle of common law edict, decree, rule, regulation, ruling or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, promulgated, implemented or otherwise put into effect by or under the authority of any Governmental Body or (b) the ability of the Entity or its Subsidiaries to consummate the Arrangement or any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement or to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement. "Material Contract" means and includes: (i) any Contract relating to the employment of, or the performance of services by, any employee or consultant; any Contract pursuant to which Glyko is or may become obligated to make any severance, termination or similar payment to any current or former employee or director; and any Contract pursuant to which Glyko is or may become obligated to make any bonus or similar payment (other than payments in respect of salary) in excess of $25,000 to any current or former employee or director; (ii) any Contract which provides for indemnification of any officer, director, employee or agent; 49 (iii) any Contract imposing any restriction on the right or ability of Glyko (A) to compete with any other Person, (B) to acquire any product or other asset or any services from any other Person, (C) to solicit, hire or retain any Person as an employee, consultant or independent contractor, (D) to develop, sell, supply, distribute, offer, support or service any product or any technology or other asset to or for any other Person, (E) to perform services for any other Person, or (F) to transact business or deal in any other manner with any other Person; (iv) any Contract (A) relating to the acquisition, issuance, voting, registration, sale or transfer of any securities, (B) providing any Person with any preemptive right, right of participation, right of maintenance or any similar right with respect to any securities, or (C) providing Glyko with any right of first refusal with respect to, or right to purchase or otherwise acquire, any securities; (v) any Contract relating to any currency hedging; (vi) any Contract imposing any confidentiality obligation on Glyko; (vii) any Contract (A) to which any Governmental Body is a party or under which any Governmental Body has any rights or obligations, or (B) directly or indirectly benefiting any Governmental Body (including any subcontract or other Contract between Glyko and any contractor or subcontractor to any Governmental Body); (viii)any Contract requiring that Glyko give any notice or provide any information to any Person prior to considering or accepting any Acquisition Proposal or similar proposal, or prior to entering into any discussions, agreement, arrangement or understanding relating to any Acquisition Transaction or similar transaction; (ix) any Contract that has a term of more than 60 days and that may not be terminated by Glyko (without penalty) within 60 days after the delivery of a termination notice by Glyko; (x) any Contract that contemplates or involves the payment or delivery of cash or other consideration in an amount or having a value in excess of $25,000 in the aggregate, or contemplates or involves the performance of services having a value in excess of $25,000 in the aggregate; (xi) any Contract (not otherwise identified in clauses "(i)" through "(x)" of this sentence) that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the business, condition, capitalization, assets, liabilities, operations or financial performance of Glyko or to any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (xii) any other Contract, if a breach of such Contract could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Glyko. 50 "Options" means and includes, in respect of a particular Entity, subscriptions, options, calls, warrants and other rights commitments or agreements of any character (whether or not currently exercisable) to acquire securities of the Entity in question. "OSC" means the Ontario Securities Commission. "Person" means any individual, Entity or Governmental Body. "Plan of Arrangement" means the plan of arrangement substantially in the form and content of Exhibit B annexed hereto and any amendments or variations thereto made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement or made at the direction of the Court in the Final Order and which are acceptable to BioMarin and Glyko. "Registrar" means the Registrar of Companies or other duly authorized person performing the duties as registrar under the BC Act. "Representatives" means officers, directors, employees, agents, attorneys, auditors, advisors and representatives. "Required BioMarin Stockholder Vote" means the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes cast by holders of the outstanding BioMarin Common Stock voting on the resolution to approve the Arrangement including, without limitation, the issuance of the BioMarin Common Stock in connection with the Arrangement. "Required Glyko Shareholder Vote" means the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3 percent of the votes cast by holders of the outstanding Glyko Common Shares voting on the Continuance Resolution and the Arrangement Resolution. "Return" means any return (including any information return), report, statement, declaration, estimate, schedule, notice, notification, form, election, certificate or other document or information filed with or submitted to, or required to be filed with or submitted to, any Governmental Body in connection with the determination, assessment, collection or payment of any Tax or in connection with the administration, implementation or enforcement of or compliance with any Legal Requirement relating to any Tax. "SEC" means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. "Securities Exemption Orders" means discretionary orders of the Commissions exempting the trades contemplated by the Plan of Arrangement from the registration and prospectus requirements of applicable Canadian Securities Legislation, including but not limited to the distribution of BioMarin Common Stock, the distribution of any securities upon the conversion or exchange of such securities in accordance with their terms (including in connection with the replacement of the Glyko Stock Options), or the resale by holders of any securities distributed to them pursuant to the Arrangement or upon the conversion or exercise of any security issued to them pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, including but not limited to the resale of BioMarin Common Stock. 51 "Stock Option Plan" means the 1994 Glyko stock option plan, as amended. "Subsidiary" shall mean, with respect to any nonnatural Person, any other nonnatural Person in which such nonnatural Person then owns directly or indirectly shares of capital stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such other nonnatural Person. "Superior Offer" means an unsolicited, bona fide written offer made by a third party (other than BioMarin or its affiliates) which, if consummated, would result in such third party acquiring, directly or indirectly, securities representing more than 50 percent of the voting power of the shares of Glyko or the resulting Entity of such transaction or all or substantially all of the assets of Glyko, in each case on terms which the Board of Directors of Glyko reasonably determines (following receipt of advice of its financial advisors of nationally recognized reputation and outside counsel) to be more favourable to Glyko's shareholders than the terms of the Arrangement. "Tax" or "Taxes" refers to any and all federal, provincial, regional, state, municipal, local and foreign taxes, assessments and other governmental charges, tariffs, duties (including customs duties), levies, assessments, deficiencies, fees, impositions and liabilities relating to taxes, including taxes based upon or measured by gross receipts, income, capital gains, profits, sales, use and occupation, and value added, ad valorem, transfer, surtax, stamp, transfer, property, franchise, withholding, payroll, recapture, employment, excise, goods and services, health insurance, use, business, workers' compensation and property taxes and any related charge or amount (including any fine, penalty or interest), imposed, assessed or collected by or under the authority of any Governmental Body and any obligations under any agreements or arrangements with any other Person with respect to such amounts and including any liability for taxes of a predecessor Entity. "TSE" means the Toronto Stock Exchange. "U.S. Dollar Equivalent" has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Plan of Arrangement. "U.S. GAAP" means United States generally accepted accounting principles. "United States 1933 Act" means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "United States 1934 Act" means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "United States Code" means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 52 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized respective officers as of the date first written above. BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. By: /s/ Christopher M. Starr, Ph.D. Name: Christopher M. Starr, Ph.D. Title: Senior Vice President, R&D BIOMARIN ACQUISITION (NOVA SCOTIA) COMPANY By: /s/ Christopher M. Starr, Ph.D. Name: Christopher M. Starr, Ph.D. Title: President GLYKO BIOMEDICAL LTD. By: /s/ Joerg Gruber Name: Joerg Gruber Title: Chairman 53 Exhibit A Form of Arrangement Resolution ARRANGEMENT RESOLUTION SPECIAL RESOLUTION OF THE SHAREHOLDERS OF GLYKO BIOMEDICAL LTD. BE IT RESOLVED THAT: 1. The arrangement (the "Arrangement") under Section 192 of the Canada Business Corporations Act ("CBCA") involving Glyko Biomedical Ltd. ("Glyko"), BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. ("BioMarin") and BioMarin (Acquisition) Nova Scotia Company ("BioMarin Nova Scotia"), as more particularly described and set forth in the Management Proxy Circular of Glyko accompanying the notice of this meeting (as the Arrangement may be modified or amended) is hereby authorized, approved and adopted. 2. The plan of arrangement (the "Plan of Arrangement") involving Glyko, the full text of which is set out as Schedule B to the acquisition agreement made on February 6, 2001 among Glyko, BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia (the "Acquisition Agreement"), (as the Plan of Arrangement may be or may have been amended) is hereby approved and adopted. 3. Notwithstanding that this resolution has been passed (and the Arrangement adopted) by the shareholders of Glyko or that the Arrangement has been approved by the Supreme Court of Ontario, the directors of Glyko are hereby authorized (i) to amend the Acquisition Agreement to the extent permitted in the Acquisition Agreement and to amend the Plan of Arrangement to the extent permitted in the Plan of Arrangement and/or (ii) not to proceed with the Arrangement without further approval of the shareholders of Glyko, but only if the Acquisition Agreement is terminated in accordance with Article 8 thereof. 4. Any officer or director of Glyko is hereby authorized and directed for and on behalf of Glyko to execute, under the seal of Glyko or otherwise, and to deliver articles of arrangement and such other documents as are necessary or desirable to the Director under the CBCA in order to give effect to the foregoing resolution. 5. Any officer or director of Glyko is hereby authorized and directed for and on behalf of Glyko to execute or cause to be executed, under the seal of Glyko or otherwise, and to deliver or cause to be delivered, all such other documents and instruments and to perform or cause to be performed all such other acts and things as in such person's opinion may be necessary or desirable to give full effect to the foregoing resolution and the matters authorized thereby, such determination to be conclusively evidenced by the execution and delivery of such document, agreement or instrument or the doing of any such act or thing. Exhibit B Plan of Arrangement FORM OF PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT UNDER SECTION 192 OF THE CANADA BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION Section 1.01 Definitions. In this Plan of Arrangement the following words and phrases shall have the meanings hereinafter set forth: (a) "Act" means the Canada Business Corporations Act, including the regulations made thereunder, as now in effect and as it may be amended from time to time; (b) "Acquisition Agreement" means the Acquisition Agreement for a Plan of Arrangement by and among BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko dated as of February 6, 2002, as the same may be amended, supplemented and/or restated from time to time; (c) "Arrangement" means the arrangement contemplated herein to be made on the terms set out in this Plan subject to any amendments or variations thereto made in accordance with the Acquisition Agreement and the terms hereof or made at the direction of the Court in the Final Order; (d) "Arrangement Resolution" means the special resolution in respect of the Arrangement to be considered and approved by Glyko Common Shareholders at the Meeting to be substantially in the form and content of Exhibit A annexed to the Acquisition Agreement; (e) "Articles of Arrangement" means the articles of arrangement of Glyko in respect of the Arrangement that are required by the Act to be sent to the Director after the Final Order is made; (f) "BioMarin" means BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware corporation; (g) "BioMarin Common Stock" means the shares of common stock par value U.S.$0.001 per share of BioMarin as currently constituted; (h) "BioMarin Nova Scotia" means BioMarin Acquisition (Nova Scotia) Company, an unlimited liability company incorporated under the Companies Act (Nova Scotia); (i) "BioMarin Average Trading Price" means the average closing price of shares of BioMarin Common Stock on Nasdaq during a period of 20 consecutive trading days ending on the second trading day immediately preceding the Effective Date; (j) "Board of Directors" means the board of directors of Glyko; (k) "Business Day" means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day when banks are not open for business in either San Francisco, California or Toronto, Ontario; (l) "Canadian Dollar Equivalent" means, in respect of an amount expressed in a currency other than Canadian dollars (the "Foreign Currency Amount") at any date the product obtained by multiplying (a) the Foreign Currency Amount by (b) the noon spot exchange rate on such date for such foreign currency expressed in Canadian dollars as reported by the Bank of Canada or, if such spot exchange rate is not available, such exchange rate on such date for such foreign currency expressed in Canadian dollars as may be deemed by the Board of Directors to be appropriate for such purpose; (m) "Certificate of Arrangement" means the certificate of arrangement endorsed upon the Articles of Arrangement of Glyko by the Director; (n) "Circular" means the notice of the Meeting and accompanying management information circular, including the schedules attached thereto and all amendments from time to time made thereto, to be sent to Glyko Common Shareholders in connection with the Meeting; (o) "Continuance Resolution" means the special resolution in respect of the continuance of Glyko under the laws of British Columbia to be considered and approved by Glyko Common Shareholders at the Meeting; (p) "Court" means the Supreme Court of Ontario; (q) "Depositary" means Computershare Trust Company at its offices located in Toronto, Ontario; (r) "Director" means the Director appointed pursuant to Section 260 of the Act; (s) "Dissent Rights" shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 3.01; (t) "Dissenting Shareholder" means a Glyko Common Shareholder who dissents in respect of the Arrangement Resolution in strict compliance with the Dissent Rights; (u) "Dissenting Shares" means the shares of any Glyko Common Shareholder who has demanded and perfected Dissent Rights in respect of such Glyko Common Shares in accordance with the Interim Order and the Act and who, as of the Effective Time, has not effectively withdrawn or lost such Dissent Rights; (v) "Effective Date" means the date of the Certificate of Arrangement; (w) "Effective Time" means 12:01 a.m. (Eastern time) on the Effective Date; (x) "Exchange Ratio" means 0.3309, subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 2.03; B-2 (y) "Final Order" means the final order of the Court approving the Arrangement as such order may be amended by the Court at any time prior to the Effective Date or, if appealed, then, unless such appeal is withdrawn or denied, such order as affirmed; (z) "Glyko" means Glyko Biomedical Ltd., a corporation incorporated under the Act; (aa) "Glyko Common Shareholders" means the registered holders of Glyko Common Shares; (bb) "Glyko Common Shares" means the common shares in the capital of Glyko as constituted immediately prior to the Implementation Time; (cc) "Glyko Options" means all unexpired options to purchase Glyko Common Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Implementation Time; (dd) "Governmental Body" means any: (a) nation, state, commonwealth, province, territory, county, municipality, district or other jurisdiction of any nature; (b) federal, state, provincial, local, municipal, foreign or other government; or (c) governmental, quasigovernmental or regulatory authority of any nature (including any governmental division, department, agency, commission, instrumentality, official, ministry, fund, foundation, centre, organization, unit, body or other person and any court or other tribunal); (ee) "Implementation Time" means 12:01 a.m. (Pacific time) on the date that is the earlier of (a) the date that Glyko is continued under the laws of British Columbia, (b) the date upon which the Board of Directors resolves to implement the Arrangement, which in no event may be prior to the Effective Date or (c) the date that is 10 days following the Effective Date; (ff) "Interim Order" means the interim order of the Court, as the same may be amended, in respect of the Arrangement; (gg) "Letter of Transmittal" means the Letter of Transmittal for use by Glyko Common Shareholders, in the form accompanying the Circular; (hh) "Meeting" means the special meeting of Glyko Common Shareholders, and all adjournments and postponements thereof, called and held to, among other things, consider and approve the Continuance Resolution and the Arrangement Resolution; (ii) "Nasdaq" means the Nasdaq National Market; (jj) "person" means and includes any individual, corporation (including any nonprofit corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, company (including any company limited by shares, limited liability company or joint stock company), firm, society or other enterprise, association, organization, or Governmental Body; (kk) "Replacement Option" shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 2.02(c); B-3 (ll) "this Plan", "Plan of Arrangement", "hereof", "herein", "hereto" and like references mean and refer to this plan of arrangement; and (mm) "U.S. Dollar Equivalent" means, in respect of an amount expressed in Canadian dollars at any date, the product obtained by multiplying: (a) the number of Canadian dollars, by (b) the noon spot exchange rate on such date for such Canadian dollars expressed in United States dollars as reported by the Bank of Canada or, if such spot exchange rate is not available, such exchange rate on such date for Canadian dollars expressed in United States dollars as may be deemed by the Board of Directors to be appropriate for such purpose. Words and phrases used herein that are defined in the Act or the Acquisition Agreement and not defined herein shall have the same meaning herein as in the Act or the Acquisition Agreement, as applicable, unless the context otherwise requires. Section 1.02 Interpretation Not Affected By Headings, etc. The division of this Plan into articles and sections and the insertion of headings are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation hereof. Section 1.03 Gender and Number. Unless the context requires the contrary, words importing the singular only shall include the plural and vice versa and words importing the use of any gender shall include all genders. Section 1.04 Date for Any Action. In the event that the date on which any action is required to be taken hereunder by any of the parties is not a Business Day, such action shall be required to be taken on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day. Section 1.05 Governing Law. This Plan of Arrangement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. ARTICLE 2 ARRANGEMENT Section 2.01 Binding Effect. This Plan of Arrangement will become effective at, and be binding at and after, the Effective Time on (i) BioMarin, (ii) BioMarin Nova Scotia, (iii) Glyko, (iv) all Glyko Common Shareholders, and (v) all holders of Glyko Options. Section 2.02 Arrangement. Beginning at the Implementation Time, the following events or transactions shall occur and shall be deemed to occur in the following sequence without any further act or formality: (a) each Glyko Common Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Implementation Time, other than any Dissenting Shares, will be automatically exchanged, subject to the provisions hereof, such that such Glyko Common Shares will be transferred to BioMarin Nova Scotia in exchange for the delivery by BioMarin Nova Scotia to the former holders of such Glyko Common Shares of that portion of a share of BioMarin Common Stock equal to B-4 the Exchange Ratio and each Glyko Common Shareholder shall cease to be a holder of Glyko Common Shares and the name of each such holder shall be removed from the register of Glyko Common Shareholders and added to the register of holders of BioMarin Common Stock (whereupon there shall be no Glyko Common Shareholders other than BioMarin Nova Scotia); (b) in the event of an entitlement to receive a fraction of a share of BioMarin Common Stock, such holder shall have the rights provided for in Section 4.06; and (c) each Glyko Option shall be exchanged for an option (a "Replacement Option") to purchase a number of shares of BioMarin Common Stock equal to the product of the Exchange Ratio and the number of Glyko Common Shares issuable pursuant to such Glyko Option, whether exercisable or unexerciseable, immediately prior to the Implementation Time, rounded down to the nearest whole number of shares. Such Replacement Option will provide for an exercise price per share of BioMarin Common Stock equal to the U.S. Dollar Equivalent (calculated on the date of the Implementation Time) of the per share exercise price of such Glyko Option divided by the Exchange Ratio, rounded up to the nearest whole cent. The term and vesting schedule of such Replacement Option shall be equivalent to those of the Glyko Option it replaces, except for such changes as are triggered by the entry by Glyko into this Plan of Arrangement. In such case any document or agreement evidencing a replaced Glyko Option shall be terminated. Subject to Section 2.03, the maximum number of shares of BioMarin Common Stock issuable in connection with the exchange of Glyko Common Shares for BioMarin Common Stock shall be 11,367,617 and, if the number of Glyko Common Shares outstanding at the Implementation Time would result in a greater number of shares of BioMarin Common Stock being issuable, then the Exchange Ratio shall be adjusted accordingly. Section 2.03 Adjustment to Exchange Ratio. The Exchange Ratio shall be adjusted to reflect appropriately the effect of any stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend (including any dividend or distribution of securities convertible into BioMarin Common Stock or Glyko Common Shares), cash dividends, reorganization, recapitalization, combination, exchange of shares or other like change with respect to BioMarin Common Stock or Glyko Common Shares occurring after the date of the Acquisition Agreement and prior to the Implementation Time. ARTICLE 3 RIGHTS OF DISSENT Section 3.01 Rights of Dissent. Glyko Common Shareholders may in connection with the Arrangement exercise rights of dissent with respect to such shares pursuant to and in the manner set forth in Section 190 of the Act as the same may be modified by the Interim Order or the Final Order (the "Dissent Rights"). Glyko Common Shareholders who duly exercise such Dissent Rights and who: B-5 (a) are ultimately determined to be entitled to be paid fair value for their Glyko Common Shares shall be deemed to have transferred such Glyko Common Shares to Glyko without any further act or formality and free and clear of all liens and encumbrances and such shares shall be cancelled at the Implementation Time; or (b) are ultimately determined not to be entitled, for any reason, to be paid fair value for their Glyko Common Shares shall be deemed to have participated in the Arrangement on the same basis as a nondissenting holder of Glyko Common Shares and shall receive BioMarin Common Stock on the basis determined in accordance with Section 2.02(a), but in no case shall BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia, Glyko or any other person be required to recognize such holders as Glyko Common Shares after the Implementation Time, and the names of such holders of Glyko Common Shareholders shall be deleted from the register of holders of Glyko Common Shares at the Implementation Time. Any Glyko Shareholders who duly exercise Dissent Rights and who are ultimately determined to be paid fair value for their Glyko Common Shares shall be paid solely from the assets of Glyko. ARTICLE 4 CERTIFICATE AND FRACTIONAL SHARES Section 4.01 Issuance of Certificates Representing Shares of BioMarin Common Stock. Promptly after the Implementation Time, BioMarin shall cause BioMarin Nova Scotia to make available to the Depositary, for exchange in accordance with Article 2, the BioMarin Common Stock issuable in accordance with the terms of the Arrangement and cash in an amount sufficient for payment in lieu of fractional shares also in accordance with the terms of the Arrangement. Upon surrender to the Depositary for cancellation of a certificate which immediately prior to the Implementation Time represented Glyko Common Shares, together with such other documents and instruments as would have been required to effect the transfer of the shares formerly represented by such certificate under the Act and the bylaws of Glyko and such additional documents and instruments as Glyko, BioMarin Nova Scotia and the Depositary may reasonably require, the holder of such surrendered certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor, and the Depositary shall forthwith deliver to such holder, a certificate representing that number (rounded down to the nearest whole number) of shares of BioMarin Common Stock which such holder has the right to receive (together with any dividends or distributions with respect thereto pursuant to Section 4.05 and any cash in lieu of fractional shares of BioMarin Common Stock pursuant to Section 4.06, less any amounts withheld pursuant to Section 5.01), and any certificate so surrendered shall forthwith be cancelled. In the event of a transfer of ownership of Glyko Common Shares prior to the Implementation Time that is not registered in the transfer records of Glyko, a certificate representing the proper number of shares of BioMarin Common Stock may be issued to the transferee if the certificate representing such Glyko Common Shares is presented to the Depositary, accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect such transfer. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 4.01, each certificate which immediately prior to the Implementation Time represented Glyko Common Shares that were exchanged for shares of BioMarin Common Stock shall be deemed at all times after the Implementation Time to represent only the right to receive upon such surrender (i) the certificate representing shares of BioMarin Common Stock as contemplated by B-6 this Section 4.01, (ii) a cash payment in lieu of any fractional BioMarin Common Stock as contemplated by Section 4.06 and (iii) any dividends or distributions with a record date after the Implementation Time theretofore paid or payable with respect to BioMarin Common Stock as contemplated by Section 4.05. Section 4.02 Delivery of Letter of Transmittal. At the time of mailing the Circular or as soon as practicable after the Effective Date, Glyko shall forward to each Glyko Common Shareholder at the address of such holder as it appears on the register maintained by or on behalf of Glyko in respect of the holders of Glyko Common Shares, a copy of the Letter of Transmittal and instructions for obtaining delivery of the BioMarin Common Stock issuable and payable to such holders pursuant to the Plan. Section 4.03 Expiration of Rights. Any certificates formerly representing Glyko Common Shares that, following the Effective Date, are not deposited with the Depositary, together with a duly executed Letter of Transmittal, and such other documents as the Depositary deems necessary, on or before the sixth anniversary of the Effective Date, shall cease to represent a right or claim of any kind or nature and the right of the holder of such securities to receive BioMarin Common Stock as provided for in the Acquisition Agreement, shall be deemed to be surrendered to BioMarin Nova Scotia together with all dividends or distributions thereon held for such holder, for no consideration, and such BioMarin Common Stock shall thereupon be cancelled and the name of the former registered holder shall be removed from the register of holders of BioMarin Common Stock. Section 4.04 Entitlement to Options. As soon as practicable after the Effective Date, the holders of outstanding Glyko Options shall be provided with documentation evidencing Replacement Options in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.02(c). Section 4.05 Distributions with Respect to Unsurrendered Certificates. No dividends or other distributions declared or made after the Effective Date with respect to BioMarin Common Stock with a record date after the Effective Date shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered certificate which immediately prior to the Effective Date represented outstanding Glyko Common Shares that were exchanged for BioMarin Common Stock pursuant to the procedures set out in Article 2, and no cash payment in lieu of fractional shares shall be paid to any such holder pursuant to Section 4.06, unless and until the holder of record of such certificate shall surrender such certificate in accordance with Section 4.01. Subject to applicable law, at the time of such surrender of any such certificate (or, in the case of clause (iii) below, at the appropriate payment date), there shall be paid to the record holder of the certificates representing whole shares of BioMarin Common Stock, without interest (i) the amount of any cash payable in lieu of a fractional BioMarin Common Share to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 4.06, (ii) the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Effective Date theretofore paid with respect to such BioMarin Common Stock, and (iii) on the appropriate payment date, the amount of dividends or other distributions with a record date after the Effective Date but prior to surrender and a payment date subsequent to surrender payable with respect to such BioMarin Common Stock. Section 4.06 No Fractional Shares. No fraction of a share of BioMarin Common Stock shall be issued by virtue of the Arrangement, no dividend, stock split or other change in the capital structure of BioMarin shall relate to any such fraction and any fractional interests shall not entitle the owner thereof to vote or to exercise any rights as a security holder of BioMarin. In lieu thereof, each Glyko B-7 Common Shareholder who would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of BioMarin Common Stock (after aggregating all fractional shares of BioMarin Common Stock that would otherwise be received by such holder) shall, upon surrender of such holder's certificate(s) representing Glyko Common Shares receive from BioMarin Nova Scotia an amount of cash (rounded to the nearest whole cent), without interest, equal to the product (or, at the option of BioMarin Nova Scotia, the Canadian Dollar Equivalent of the product) of such fraction and the BioMarin Average Trading Price. Section 4.07 Lost Certificates. In the event any certificate which immediately prior to the Implementation Time represented outstanding Glyko Common Shares that were exchanged pursuant to Section 2.02 shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming such certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed, the Depositary will issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, certificates representing shares of BioMarin Common Stock (and any dividends or distributions with respect thereto and any cash pursuant to Section 4.05) deliverable in respect thereof as determined in accordance with Section 2.02. When seeking such issuance and/or payment in exchange for any lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, the person to whom certificates representing shares of BioMarin Common Stock are to be issued shall, at the discretion of BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko, as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, give a bond satisfactory to BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko, in such sum as BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against BioMarin Nova Scotia or Glyko or the Depositary with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. ARTICLE 5 WITHHOLDING RIGHTS Section 5.01 Withholding Rights. Each of Glyko, BioMarin Nova Scotia and the Depositary shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration payable or otherwise deliverable pursuant to this Arrangement to any holder or former holder of Glyko Common Shares such amount as may be required by law (as advised by outside tax counsel for BioMarin) to be deducted or withheld therefrom under the United States Code or under any provision of United States or Canadian federal, state, provincial, regional, local or foreign tax law, including the Income Tax Act (Canada), or under any other applicable legal requirement. To the extent that amounts are so deducted or withheld, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes hereof as having been paid to the holder of the shares in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made, provided that such amounts are actually remitted to the appropriate taxing authority in accordance with applicable law and that such holder has been provided forthwith with a receipt evidencing such remittance. BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia, Glyko and the Depositary are hereby authorized to sell or otherwise dispose of such portion of such consideration as is necessary to provide sufficient funds to BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia, Glyko or the Depositary, as the case may be, net of expenses, in order to enable it to comply with such deduction or withholding requirement and BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia, Glyko or the Depositary shall give an accounting to the holder with respect thereto and any balance of such proceeds of sale. B-8 ARTICLE 6 AMENDMENTS Section 6.01 Amendment of the Arrangement. (a) Glyko reserves the right to amend, modify and/or supplement this Plan of Arrangement at any time and from time to time provided that any such amendment, modification, or supplement must be contained in a written document which is (i) agreed to by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, (ii) filed with the Court and, if made following the Meeting, approved by the Court and (iii) communicated to holders of Glyko Common Shares in the manner if and as required by the Court. (b) Any amendment, modification or supplement to this Plan of Arrangement may be proposed by Glyko at any time prior to or at the Meeting (provided that BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia shall have consented thereto) with or without any other prior notice or communication, and if so proposed and accepted by the persons voting at the Meeting (other than as may be required under the Interim Order), shall become part of this Plan of Arrangement for all purposes. (c) Any amendment, modification or supplement to this Plan of Arrangement which is approved by the Court following the Meeting shall be effective only (i) if it is consented to by Glyko, (ii) if it is agreed to by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia, and (iii) if required by the Court, it is consented to by holders of Glyko Common Shares voting in the manner directed by the Court. Any amendment, modification or supplement to this Plan of Arrangement may be made following the Effective Date by Glyko, provided that (i) it is agreed to by BioMarin and BioMarin Nova Scotia and (ii) it concerns a matter which, in the reasonable opinion of Glyko, is of an administrative nature required to better give effect to the implementation of this Plan of Arrangement and is not adverse to the financial or economic interests of the holders of Glyko Common Shares or Glyko Options. ARTICLE 7 GENERAL Section 7.01 Further Assurances. Notwithstanding that the transactions and events set out herein shall occur and be deemed to occur in the order set out in this Plan of Arrangement without any further act or formality, each of the parties to the Acquisition Agreement shall make, do and execute, or cause to be made, done and executed, all such further acts, deeds, agreements, transfers, assurances, instruments or documents as may reasonably be required by any of them in order further to document or evidence any of the transactions or events set out herein. Section 7.02 Paramountcy. From and after the Effective Time (i) this Plan of Arrangement shall take precedence and priority over any and all Glyko Common Shares or Glyko Options issued or granted prior to the Effective Time, (ii) the rights and obligations of the Glyko Common Shareholders, the holders of Glyko Options and any trustee and transfer agent therefor, shall be solely as provided for in this Plan of Arrangement, and (iii) all actions, causes of actions, claims or B-9 proceedings (actual or contingent, and whether or not previously asserted) based on or in any way relating to Glyko Common Shares or Glyko Options shall be deemed to have been settled, compromised, released and determined without liability except as set forth herein. Section 7.03 Continuance. Subject to the approval of the Glyko Common Shareholders, the Director and the Registrar under the Company Act (British Columbia), Glyko shall be continued under the laws of British Columbia as soon as is practicable following the Effective Time. B-10 Exhibit C Appropriate Regulatory Approvals 1. Approval of The Toronto Stock Exchange in respect of the Arrangement. 2. Consent of the Director under the Securities Act (Ontario) to the Continuance. 3. Approval of the Registrar under the Company Act (British Columbia) to the Continuance. 4. Approval of the Director under the Canada Business Corporations Act to the Continuance. Exhibit D Form of Legal Opinion of BioMarin U.S. Counsel FORM OF BIOMARIN'S UNITED STATES LEGAL OPINION (all terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Acquisition Agreement) 1. BioMarin has been duly incorporated and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with corporate power to own its property and conduct its business as described in its most recently filed annual report on Form 10K. 2. BioMarin has all requisite corporate power and authority to enter into the acquisition agreement for plan of arrangement among BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko (the "Agreement") and to consummate the transactions contemplated thereby. 3. BioMarin has duly executed and delivered the Agreement and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize and approve the execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement by BioMarin and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby and the Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of BioMarin enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. 4. The Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of BioMarin Nova Scotia enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. 5. The execution, delivery and performance by BioMarin of the Agreement and the consummation by BioMarin of the transactions contemplated thereby: (a) require no action by or in respect of, or filing with, any United States federal governmental body, agency or authority other than such as may have been taken by or filed pursuant to the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder; and (b) do not contravene or conflict with the articles of incorporation or bylaws of BioMarin. 6. The BioMarin Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the Agreement is duly authorized and, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, will be validly issued as fully paid and nonassessable shares. 7. The offer and sale of the BioMarin Common Shares to be issued pursuant to the terms of the Agreement at the Effective Time are exempt from registration under the United States 1933 Act pursuant to Section 3(a)(10) thereunder. Exhibit E Form of Legal Opinion of BioMarin Canadian Counsel FORM OF BIOMARIN'S CANADIAN LEGAL OPINION (all terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement for Plan of Arrangement) 1. BioMarin Nova Scotia is duly incorporated as an unlimited company under the laws of the Province of Nova Scotia and has not been dissolved. 2. BioMarin Nova Scotia has all requisite corporate power, authority and capacity to own, lease and operate its property and assets and to conduct its business and to execute and deliver the acquisition agreement for plan of arrangement among BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko (the "Agreement") and to perform its obligations thereunder and to consummate the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by the Agreement. 3. The execution and delivery of the Agreement by BioMarin Nova Scotia and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of BioMarin Nova Scotia. 4. The Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by BioMarin Nova Scotia and constitutes a valid and binding obligation of BioMarin Nova Scotia enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. 5. The execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement by BioMarin Nova Scotia, the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby by BioMarin Nova Scotia and the compliance with the provisions thereof by BioMarin Nova Scotia will not: (i) constitute or result in any violation of the terms or provisions of the organizational documents of BioMarin Nova Scotia; or (ii) contravene any laws of the Province of Nova Scotia, the Province of Ontario or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. 6. The execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement by BioMarin, the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby by BioMarin and the compliance with the provisions thereof by BioMarin will not contravene any laws of the Province of Ontario or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. 7. No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any court, administrative agency or commission or governmental authority or instrumentality, domestic or foreign, which has not been obtained or made, is required to be obtained by BioMarin Nova Scotia in connection with the execution and delivery of the Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby. 8. The authorized capital stock of BioMarin Nova Scotia consists of an unlimited number of common shares of which o common shares are outstanding as validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares. 9. No document is required to be filed, no proceeding is required to be taken and no approval, permit, consent, order or authorization is required to be obtained to permit the issue of the BioMarin Common Stock to holders of Glyko Common Shares resident in Canada or the first trade of the BioMarin Common Stock received by such residents as a result of the Arrangement, other than filings which have been made, proceedings which have been taken or approvals, permits, consents, orders or authorization which have been obtained (subject to usual qualifications and based on the Securities Exemption Orders, if applicable). E-2 Exhibit F Form of Legal Opinion of Glyko U.S. Counsel FORM OF GLYKO'S UNITED STATES LEGAL OPINION (all terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement for Plan of Arrangement) 1. The Agreement constitutes a valid and binding obligation of Glyko enforceable against it in accordance with its terms. Exhibit G Form of Legal Opinion of Glyko Canadian Counsel FORM OF GLYKO'S CANADIAN LEGAL OPINION (all terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Agreement for Plan of Arrangement) 1. Glyko is a company continued under the Company Act (British Columbia) and is validly existing and in good standing with respect to the filing of annual returns. 2. Glyko has all requisite corporate power and capacity to own, lease and operate its property and assets and to conduct its business and to execute and deliver the acquisition agreement for plan of arrangement among BioMarin, BioMarin Nova Scotia and Glyko (the "Agreement") and to perform its obligations thereunder and to consummate the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by the Agreement. 3. The execution and delivery of the Agreement by Glyko and the consummation by Glyko of the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated thereby and by the Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Glyko. 4. The Agreement has been duly executed and, to the extent delivery is governed by the laws of Ontario and Canada, delivered by Glyko. 5. The execution, delivery and performance of the Agreement by Glyko, the consummation of the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by the Agreement by Glyko and the compliance with the provisions thereof by Glyko did not and will not: (i) constitute or result in any violation of the terms or provisions of the articles and bylaws of Glyko; or (ii) contravene any laws of the Province of Ontario or the federal laws of Canada applicable therein. 6. No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration, declaration or filing with, any court, administrative agency or commission or governmental authority which has not been obtained or made, is required to be obtained by Glyko in connection with the execution and delivery of the Agreement or the consummation of the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by the Agreement. 7. Immediately prior to the Effective Time, the authorized capital stock of Glyko consisted of an unlimited number of common shares, of which o common shares were outstanding. EX-3 4 biomaringeneralbylawsv2.txt AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT OF THE BY-LAWS Exhibit 3.2 AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. ARTICLE I CORPORATE OFFICES 1.1 REGISTERED OFFICE The registered office of the corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The name of the registered agent of the corporation at such location is The Corporation Trust Company. 1.2 OTHER OFFICES The Board of Directors may at any time establish other offices at any place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business. ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS 2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State of Delaware, designated by the board of directors. In the absence of any such designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the registered office of the corporation. 2.2 ANNUAL MEETING The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a time designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of such designation, the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on the third Wednesday of June in each year at 10 a.m. However, if such day falls on a legal holiday, then the meeting shall be held at the same time and place on the next succeeding full business day. At the meeting, directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted. 2.3 SPECIAL MEETING A special meeting of the Stockholders may be called, at any time for any purpose or purposes, by the Board of Directors or by such person or persons as may be authorized by the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws. Upon the effective date of the final prospectus in connection with the initial public offering of the Corporation's capital stock, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time for any purpose or purposes by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or by a majority of the then current members of the Board of Directors. 1 2.4 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS All notices of meetings with stockholders shall be in writing and shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 2.5 of these bylaws not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the place, date, and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. 2.5 MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the corporation. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent of the corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. 2.6 QUORUM The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. 2.7 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. 2 2.8 VOTING The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.11 of these bylaws, subject to the provisions of Sections 217 and 218 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock and to voting trusts and other voting agreements). Except as may be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder. 2.9 WAIVER OF NOTICE Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate, of incorporation or these bylaws. 2.10 STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required by this chapter to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of a corporation, or any action that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. If the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any section of the General Corporation Law of Delaware if such action had been voted on by stockholders at a meeting thereof, then the certificate filed under such section shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of stockholders, that written notice and written consent have been given as provided in Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. 3 Upon the effective date of the final prospectus in connection with the initial public offering of any of the Corporation's securities, the stockholders of the Corporation may not take any action by written consent without a meeting but must take any such action at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders. 2.11 RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING GIVING CONSENTS In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. If the Board of Directors does not so fix a record date: (i) ______ The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. (ii) _____ The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed. (iii) ____ The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. 2.12 PROXIES Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for him by a written proxy, signed by the stockholder and filed with the secretary of the corporation, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the stockholder's attorney-in-fact. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212(c) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. 4 2.13 LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. ARTICLE III DIRECTORS 3.1 POWERS Subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and any limitations in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws relating to action required to be approved by the stockholders or by the outstanding shares, the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the board of directors. 3.2 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS The authorized number of directors shall be four (4). This number may be changed by a duly adopted amendment to the certificate of incorporation or by an amendment to this bylaw adopted by the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote or by resolution of a majority of the board of directors. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director's term of office expires. 5 3.3 ELECTION QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS Except as provided in Section 3.4 of these bylaws, directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders to hold office until the next annual meeting. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, wherein other qualifications for directors may be prescribed. Each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot. 3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in this section in the filling of other vacancies. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws: (i) Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors elected by all of the stockholders having the right to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. (ii) _____ Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of the directors elected by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining director so elected. If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, or may apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as provided in Section 211 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. 6 If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), then the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten (10) percent of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office as aforesaid, which election shall be governed by the provisions of Section 211 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware as far as applicable. 3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE The Board of Directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by the board of directors, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. 3.6 FIRST MEETINGS The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held at such time and place as shall be fixed by the vote of the stockholders at the annual meeting and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. In the event of the failure of the stockholders to fix the time or place of such first meeting of the newly elected board of directors, or in the event such meeting is not held at the time and place so fixed by the stockholders, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the board of directors, or as shall be specified in a written waiver signed by all of the directors. 3.7 REGULAR MEETINGS Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the board. 3.8 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the secretary or any two (2) directors. 7 Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or telegram, charges prepaid, addressed to each director at that director's address as it is shown on the records of the corporation. If the notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by telephone or by telegram or by facsimile, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to the telegraph company at least one (1) hour before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director. The notice need not specify the purpose or the place of the meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the corporation. 3.9 QUORUM At all meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. 3.10 WAIVER OF NOTICE Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of directors, need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws. 3.11 ADJOURNED MEETING: NOTICE If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. 8 3.12 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee. 3.13 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. 3.14 APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute. 3.15 REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS Unless otherwise restricted by statute, by the certificate of incorporation or by these bylaws, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of such director's term of office. ARTICLE IV COMMITTEES 4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS 9 The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors or in the bylaws of the corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) amend the certificate of incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board of Directors as provided in Section 151 (a) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, fix any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the corporation, (ii) adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation under Sections 251 or 252 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, (iii) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and assets, (iv) recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or (v) amend the bylaws of the corporation; and, unless the board resolution establishing the committee, the bylaws or the certificate of incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock, or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. 4.2 COMMITTEE MINUTES Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required. 4.3 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance, with, the provisions of Article III of these bylaws, Section 3.5 (place of meetings and meetings by telephone), Section 3.7 (regular meetings), Section 3.8 (special meetings and notice), Section 3.9 (quorum), Section 3.10 (waiver of notice), Section 3.11 (adjournment and notice of adjournment), and Section 3.12 (action without a meeting), with such changes in the context of those bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the Board of Directors and its members; provided, however, that the time of regular meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the Board of Directors and that notice of special meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate members, who shall have the right to attend all meetings of the committee. The Board of Directors may adopt rules for the government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these bylaws. 10 ARTICLE V OFFICERS 5.1 OFFICERS The officers of the corporation shall be a president, one or more vice presidents, a secretary, and a treasurer. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the board of directors, a chairman of the board, one or more assistant vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant treasurers, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. 5.2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5.3 or 5.5 of these bylaws, shall be chosen by the board of directors, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment. 5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS The Board of Directors may appoint, or empower the president to appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. 5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the board of directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the board of directors. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party. 11 5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the board of directors. 5.6 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD The chairman of the board, if such an officer be elected, shall, if present, preside at meetings of the Board of Directors and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or as may be prescribed by these bylaws. If there is no president, then the chairman of the board shall also be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in Section 5.7 of these bylaws. 5.7 PRESIDENT Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the chairman of the board, if there be such an officer, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall; subject to the control of the board of directors, have general supervision, direction, and control of the business and the officers of the corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, in the absence or nonexistence of a chairman of the board, at all meetings of the board of directors. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these bylaws. 5.8 VICE PRESIDENT In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors or, if not ranked, a vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the president. The vice presidents shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors, these bylaws, the president or the chairman of the board. 5.9 SECRETARY The secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the corporation or such other place as the Board of Directors may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of directors, committees of directors, and shareholders. The minutes shall show the time and place of each meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how authorized and the notice given), the names of those present at directors' meetings or committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at shareholders' meetings, and the proceedings thereof. 12 The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the board of directors, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all shareholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation. The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors required to be given by law or by these bylaws. He shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be adopted, in safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by these bylaws. 5.10 TREASURER The treasurer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital, retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director. The treasurer shall deposit all money and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositaries as may be designated by the board of directors. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, shall render to the president and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these bylaws: 5.11 ASSISTANT SECRETARY The assistant secretary, or, if there is more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the stockholders or Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election) shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the stockholders may from time to time prescribe. 5.12 ASSISTANT TREASURER The assistant treasurer, or, if there is more than one, the assistant treasurers, in the order determined by the stockholders or Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the treasurer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the stockholders may from time to time prescribe. 13 5.13 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business of the corporation as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or the stockholders. ARTICLE VI INDEMNITY 6.1 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS The corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted by the General Corporation Law of Delaware, indemnify each of its directors and officers against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Section 6.1, a "director" or "officer" of the corporation includes any person (i) who is or was a director or officer of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was a director or officer of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation. 6.2 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS The corporation shall have the power, to the extent and in the manner permitted by the General Corporation Law of Delaware, to indemnify each of its employees and agents (other than directors and officers) against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Section 6.2, an "employee" or "agent" of the corporation (other than a director or officer) includes any person (i) who is or was an employee or agent of the corporation, (ii) who is or was serving at the request of the corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii) who was an employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor corporation. 14 6.3 INSURANCE The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. ARTICLE VII RECORDS AND REPORTS 7.1 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS The corporation shall, either at its principal executive office or at such place or places as designated by the board of directors, keep a record of its shareholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of shares held by each shareholder, a copy of these bylaws as amended to date, accounting books, and other records. Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every instance where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal place of business. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. 15 7.2 INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS Any director shall have the right to examine the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a purpose reasonably related to his position as a director. The Court of Chancery is hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director is entitled to the inspection sought. The Court may summarily order the corporation to permit the director to inspect any and all books and records, the stock ledger, and the stock list and to make copies or extracts therefrom. The Court may, in its discretion, prescribe any limitations or conditions with reference to the inspection, or award such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper. 7.3 ANNUAL STATEMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS The Board of Directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation. 7.4 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS The chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the treasurer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, or any other person authorized by the Board of Directors or the president or a vice president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority. ARTICLE VIII GENERAL MATTERS 8.1 CHECK From time to time, the Board of Directors shall determine by resolution which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in the name of or payable to the corporation, and only the persons so authorized shall sign or endorse those instruments. 16 8.2 EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS The board of directors, except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount. 8.3 STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES The shares of a corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors of the corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the board of directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the president or vice-president, and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of such corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, upon the books and records of the corporation in the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon. 8.4 SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. 17 8.5 LOST CERTIFICATES Except as provided in this Section 8.5, no new certificates for shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the corporation and canceled at the same time. The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares. 8.6 CONSTRUCTIONS DEFINITIONS Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall govern the construction of these bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term "person" includes both a corporation and a natural person. 8.7 DIVIDENDS The directors of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained in the certificate of incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its capital stock pursuant to the General Corporation Law of Delaware. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the corporation's capital stock. The directors of the corporation may set apart out of any of the funds of the corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, and meeting contingencies. 18 8.8 FISCAL YEAR The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and may be changed by the board of directors. The corporation shall adopt a corporate seal, which may be altered at pleasure, and use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof, to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced. 8.9 TRANSFER OF STOCK Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate, "and record the transaction in its books. 8.10 STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of shareholders of any one or more classes of stock of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the General Corporation Law of Delaware. 8.11 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware. ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS The original or other bylaws of the corporation may be adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, that the corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, confer the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws upon the directors. The fact that such power has been so conferred upon the directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws. 19 ARTICLE X DISSOLUTION If it should be deemed advisable in the judgment of the Board of Directors of the corporation that the corporation should be dissolved, the board, after the adoption of a resolution to that effect by a majority of the whole board at any meeting called for that purpose, shall cause notice to be mailed to each stockholder entitled to vote thereon of the adoption of the resolution and of a meeting of stockholders to take action upon the resolution. At the meeting a vote shall be taken for and against the proposed dissolution. If a majority of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote thereon votes for the proposed dissolution, then a certificate stating that the dissolution has been authorized in accordance with the provisions of Section 275 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and setting forth the names and residences of the directors and officers shall be executed, acknowledged, and filed and shall become effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. Upon such certificate's becoming effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the corporation shall be dissolved. Whenever all the stockholders entitled to vote on a dissolution consent in writing, either in person or by duly authorized attorney, to a dissolution, no meeting of directors or stockholders shall be necessary. The consent shall be filed and shall become effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. Upon such consent's becoming effective in accordance with Section 103 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, the corporation shall be dissolved. If the consent is signed by an attorney, then the original power of attorney or a photocopy thereof shall be attached to and filed with the consent. The consent filed with the Secretary of State shall have attached to it the affidavit of the secretary or some other officer of the corporation stating that the consent has been signed by or on behalf of all the stockholders entitled to vote on a dissolution; in addition, there shall be attached to the consent a certification by the secretary or some other officer of the corporation setting forth the names and residences of the directors and officers of the corporation. ARTICLE XI CUSTODIAN 11.1 APPOINTMENT OF A CUSTODIAN IN CERTAIN CASES The Court of Chancery, upon application of any stockholder, may appoint one or more persons to be custodians and, if the corporation is insolvent, to be receivers, of and for the corporation when: 20 (i) at any meeting held for the election of directors the stockholders are so divided that they have failed to elect successors to directors whose terms have expired or would have expired upon qualification of their successors; or (ii) the business of the corporation is suffering or is threatened with irreparable injury because the directors are so divided respecting the management of the affairs of the corporation that the required vote for action by the Board of Directors cannot be obtained and the stockholders are unable to terminate this division; or (iii) the corporation has abandoned its business and has failed within a reasonable time to take steps to dissolve, liquidate or distribute its assets. 11.2 DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN The custodian shall have all the powers and title of a receiver appointed under Section 291 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, but the authority of the custodian shall be to continue the business of the corporation and not to liquidate its affairs and distribute its assets, except when the Court of Chancery otherwise orders and except in cases arising under Sections 226(a)(3) or 352(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. 21 EX-10 5 exhibit_10-18.txt AMENDMENT TO BMK LEASE EXHIBIT 10.18 AMENDMENT III TO LEASE AGREEMENT DATED MAY 18, 1998 BY AND BETWEEN PIAZZA TRADING & COMPANY, LTD., LANDLORD AND BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL, INC., TENANT DATED OCTOBER 3, 2000 The following sections of the Lease Agreement by and between the Landlord and Tenant referenced herein above shall be amended as follows: Section 2 Rentable Area of Premises: the rentable area of the Tenant's Premises shall be increased from 13,368 rentable feet to 14,988 rentable square foot. Section 2: Commencing upon execution of this Amendment III to Lease, Tenant hereby leases from Landlord Suite 200 located at 371 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard, Novato, California hereinafter the "Amended Premises". Section 3: Expiration Date: May 31, 2004 Section 4: Posession: Tenant shall be granted Possession of the Premises from Landlord on November 1, 2000. Tenant hereby accepts the Premises in its "as-is" condition and repair including but not limited to building operation systems, such as HVAC, electrical, water, etc. Section 5: Rent Commencement: Upon execution of this Amendment III to Lease, Tenant shall pay to Landlord the first months rent for the Amended Premises, Suite 200, in the amount of $3,645.00. Section 5: Monthly Base Rent: The new monthly base rent payable by the Tenant as of November 1, 2000 shall be $26,863.00 for the Premises as defined in the lease by and between the parties herein dated May 18, 1998, Amendment II dated February 12, 1999 and this Amendment III. Upon execution of this Amendment III, Tenant shall deposit with Landlord an additional security deposit in the amount of $3,645.00 which increases the security deposit held by Landlord to $26,868.00. Section 6: Tenant's Share of Expenses & Taxes: 47.94% Section 7: Parking: Forty-one (41) unassigned and unreserved spaces. Section 8: Tenant shall have two (2), three (3) year options to extend the lease for suites 200, 210, 230 and 250 pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Amendment II to Lease dated February 12, 1999 and this Amendment III to Lease. The monthly rent for each year of the option period(s), if exercised, shall be under the same terms and conditions herein herein and shall adjust as indicated herein below. Addendum to Section 2 of the Addendum to Lease dated May 18, 1998, Lease: "Rental Adjustment", the minimum rental increase shall be 4% per annum and the maximum increase shall remain at 6% per annum. All other terms and conditions of the Lease Agreement and Amendment to Lease by and between the parties herein dated May 18, 1998 and Amendment II to Lease dated February 12, 1999 shall remain in full force and effect except as amended herein. LANDLORD: PIAZZA TRADING & COMPANY, LTD. By: /s/ Takeo Kohl Its: General Manager Dated:_ October 25, 2000 TENANT: BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. By: /s/ R. W. Anderson Its: Vice President Finance Dated: October 25, 2000 EX-10 6 exhibit_10-20.txt AMENDMENT TO GALLI LEASE EXHIBIT 10.20 FIRST AMENDMENT TO LEASE This First Amendment to Lease Agreement (the "First Amendment") is made and entered into as of April l4, 2000 by and between BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Tenant") and Limar Realty Corp. #18, a California corporation ("Landlord"), with reference to the following facts: RECITALS A. Landlord and Tenant entered into that certain Lease Agreement dated June 25, 1998 (the "Lease") whereby Tenant is leasing from Landlord and Landlord is leasing to Tenant that certain real property located at 46 Galli Drive, South Building, Novato, California containing 31,056 rentable square feet (the "Existing Premises"), as such premises are more fully described in the Lease. B. Tenant and Landlord wish to modify some of the provisions of the Lease to permit Tenant to extend the Term of the Lease for the Existing Premises and lease additional area containing 38,793 rentable square feet known as 46 Galli Drive, North Building (the "Additional Premises") so that the total area shall become 69,849 rentable square feet (the "Expanded Premises") comprised of the Existing Premises and the Additional Premises. C. Landlord and Tenant desire to modify the Lease on terms and conditions set forth in this First Amendment. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants, representations and warrants contained in the Lease and this First Amendment, Landlord and Tenant hereto agree as follows: 1. Recitals: Landlord and Tenant agree that the above recitals are true and correct. 2. Expanded Premises: Commencing on the Additional Premises Commencement Date (as defined below), Landlord hereby leases to Tenant and Tenant hereby leases from Landlord, that certain real property located at 46 Galli Drive, Novato, California containing 69,849 rentable square feet (i.e., the Expanded Premises( upon all of the terms and conditions set forth in the Lease, as the same are amended by this First Amendment. 3. Term: A. Lease Commencement. This First Amendment shall be effective as to the Additional Premises on the earliest to occur of: (i) substantial completion of the Approved Work (as defined below) in the Additional Premises; (ii) Tenant's commencement of occupancy of the Additional Premises; or (iii) one hundred twenty (120) days following execution of this First Amendment (the "Additional Premises Commencement Date"). B. Lease Expiration. The Term of the Lease as to the Expanded Premises shall expire at 11:59 p.m. on August 31, 2010. 4. Monthly Base Rent: The Monthly Base Rent to be paid by Tenant to Landlord shall be as follows: A. Existing Premises. The monthly Base Rent for the Existing Premises will remain as scheduled in the Lease and shall continue forward with the annual CPI adjustment pursuant to Paragraphs 1.n. and 4.(b) of the Lease on September 1, 2003 and every September 1 thereafter. B. Additional Premises. The initial monthly Base Rent for the Additional Premises shall be Forty-Three Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty-Six and 71/100 Dollars ($43,986.71). Commencing September 1, 2001 and each September 1 thereafter, the monthly Base Rent for the Additional Premises shall be increased in accordance with the annual Cost of Living Adjustment as set forth in Paragraph 4.b. of the Lease provided, however, the annual floor limit as set forth in Paragraph 1.n. of the Lease for the Additional Premises (the "Additional Premises Floor Limit") shall be an increase of four percent (4%) and the annual ceiling limit for the Additional Premises (the "Additional Premises Ceiling Limit") shall be an increase of six percent (6%). 5. Tenant's Pro Rata Share: Commencing on the Additional Premises Commencement Date, Tenant's Share of Building pursuant to Paragraph 1.j. of the Lease and Tenant's Share of Property pursuant to Paragraph 1.k. of the Lease shall be increased to one hundred percent (100%). 6. Condition of the Premises: Tenant hereby accepts and agrees to occupy the Additional Premises in its current "as is" condition with the roof water tight. The elevator serving the production space portion of the Additional Premises shall be fully operational and certified by the State of California as of the Additional Premises Commencement Date. Within twelve (12) months after the Additional Premises Commencement Date, Landlord shall repaint the exterior of the Building and upgrade the exterior landscaping. Landlord hereby grants Tenant a one-time construction allowance of up to Three Hundred Eighty-Seven Thousand Nine Hundred Thirty Dollars ($387,930.00) ("Tenant's Construction Allowance") for the cost of generic tenant improvements to be installed in the Additional Premises by Tenant including all associated architectural, engineering and professional fees and costs (exclusive of any overhead costs of Landlord). If requested by Tenant no later than September 1, 2001, Landlord shall provide an additional allowance ("Tenant's Improvement Allowance") of up to $193,965 to reimburse Tenant for additional Approved Work. The amount of Tenant's Improvement Allowance that is actually used shall be fully amortized (inclusive of 10% per annum interest) over the Term of the Lease payable monthly as additional Rent. Tenant shall submit its plans for the tenant improvements for Landlord's written approval (the "Approved Work") prior to Tenant's commencement of construction of the Approved Work, and Landlord shall respond within five (5) business days of the date Tenant provides Landlord any specific set of complete preliminary or complete final plans required by Landlord's approval. All work performed by Tenant shall be performed in strict compliance with the plans submitted for the Approved Work and no modification shall be made in such plans without the prior written approval of Landlord. Landlord shall pay Tenant's outside vendors or contractors for materials and services constituting the Approved Work, up to the maximum Tenant's Construction Allowance set forth above, within thirty (30) days following Landlord's receipt of Tenant's submittal to Landlord of approved invoices and conditional lien releases for payment. Tenant shall also be reimbursed from Tenant's Construction Allowance for the reasonable cost of all preliminary and final plans and specifications and all permits relating to the installation of the Approved Work. All of the Approved Work to be done by Tenant shall be done in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 14. of the Lease, and Tenant shall be required to follow Landlord's reasonable rules and regulations relating to contractors working in the Project. Landlord shall have the right to reasonably approve all of Tenant's proposed contractors and subcontractors related to the installation of the Approved Work. Landlord shall not charge an administrative fee relating to the installation of the Approved Work. Tenant shall have the right to access the Additional Premises upon full execution of this First Amendment and vacation of the Additional Premises by the existing tenant for the purpose of installing the Approved Work (the "Construction Period"), provided, however, Tenant shall be bound by the terms and conditions of the Lease and this First Amendment during the Construction Period except for Tenant's obligation to pay Base Rent or Operating Expenses. 7. Option(s) to Renew: Tenant's Option(s) to Renew as set forth in Paragraph 32. of the Lease shall be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: "OPTIONS TO RENEW: a. Grant of Option(s). Tenant shall have the right, at its option, to expand the Lease for the Extended Premises for two (2) period(s) of five (5) years each ("Extended Term(s)") on an "as is" basis commencing at the expiration of the previous Term, provided that at the time of exercise and at the time of commencement of each Extended Term, Tenant is not in default beyond any applicable cure period under this Lease. b. Exercise of Option(s). If Tenant decides to extend the Lease for an Extended Term, Tenant shall give written notice to Landlord of its election to extend not less than nine (9) months prior to the expiration of the previous Term. Tenant's failure to give timely notice to Landlord of Tenant's election to extend shall be deemed a waiver of Tenant's right to extend. The terms and conditions applicable to each Extended Term shall be the same terms and conditions contained in this Lease except that Tenant shall not be entitled to any further option to extend beyond the second Extended Term. The Base Rent for each Extended Term shall be as determined in accordance with Paragraph c, below. c. Determination of Base Rent During Extended Term(s). 1) Agreement on Initial Base Rent. Landlord shall not be obligated to provide Tenant with the proposed fair market rental value until six (6) months prior to the expiration of the previous Term. Landlord and Tenant shall have thirty (30) days after Landlord provides the proposed fair market rental value in which to agree on the Base Rent during each Extended Term, which shall be the fair market rental value of the Premises during said Extended Term. The initial fair market rental value of the Premises during said Extended Term shall be based on the uses of the Premises permitted under this Lease, and quality, size, design and location of the Premises, and the rental value for lease renewals or extensions of comparable size, quality and location, provided, however, the initial Fair Market Rental Value shall be subject to a 4% annual rental increase. If Landlord and Tenant agree on the Base Rent for each Extended Term during the thirty (30) day period, they shall immediately execute an amendment to this Lease stating the new Base Rent. 2) Selection of Appraisers. If Landlord and Tenant are unable to agree on the Base Rent (including any periodic adjustments) for the subject Extended Term within the thirty (30) day period, then within ten (10) days after the expiration of the thirty (30) day period and provided that Tenant has timely exercised the subject renewal option as set forth above, Landlord and Tenant each at its own cost and by giving notice to the other party, shall appoint a competent and disinterested real estate appraiser with at least five (5) years full-time commercial appraisal experience in the Marin County market area to appraise the fair market rental value of the Premises and set the initial Base Rent during said Extended Term. If either Landlord or Tenant does not appoint an appraiser within said ten (20) days, the single appraiser appointed shall be the sole appraiser and shall set the Initial Base Rent during said Extended Term. If two (2) appraisers are appointed by Landlord and Tenant as stated herein, they shall meet promptly and attempt to set the Initial Base Rent for said Extended Term. If the two (2) appraisers are unable to agree within thirty (30) days after the second appraiser has been appointed, they shall attempt to select a third appraiser meeting the same qualifications within ten (20) days after the last day the two (2) appraisers are given to set the Initial Base Rent. If they are unable to agree on the third appraiser, either Landlord or Tenant, by giving ten (10) days' notice to the other party, can apply to the then President of the Real Estate Board or to the Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of the county in which the Premises are located, for the selection of a third appraiser who meets the qualifications stated herein. Landlord and Tenant each shall bear one-half (1/2) of the cost of appointing the third appraiser and of paying the third appraiser's fee. The third appraiser, however selected, shall be a person who has not previously acted in any capacity for either Landlord or Tenant, or their affiliates. 3) Value Determined by Three (3) Appraisers. Within thirty (30) days after the selection of the third appraiser, a majority of the appraisers shall set the Initial Base Rent for each Extended Term. If a majority of the appraisers are unable to set the Initial Base Rent within the stipulated period of time, Landlord's appraiser shall arrange for simultaneous exchange eof written appraisals from each of the appraisers and the three (3) appraisals shall be added together and their total divided by three (3); the resulting quotient shall be the Initial Base Rent for the Premises during each Extended Term. If, however, the low appraisal and/or the high appraisal are/is more than fifteen percent (15%) lower and/or higher than the middle appraisal, such low appraisal and/or high appraisal shall be disregarded. If only one (1) appraisal is disregarded, the remaining two (2) appraisals shall be added together and their total divided by two (2); the resulting quotient shall be the Initial Base Rent for the Premises during each Extended Term. If both the low appraisal and the high appraisal are disregarded as stated in this Paragraph c3, the middle appraisal shall be the Initial Base Rent for the Premises during each Extended Term. 4) Minimum Base Rent Level. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Lease, in no event shall the Initial Base Rent for the subject Extended Term be less than the Base Rent prevailing immediately prior to the expiration of the previous Term. 8. Parking: Commencing on the Additional Premises Commencement Date, Tenant's parking shall be increased to include all of the parking spaces included with the Property. 9. Security Deposit: Landlord acknowledges that Tenant has previous deposited with Landlord a Security Deposit in the amount of $114,000.00 (the "Existing Security Deposit"). Upon execution of this First Amendment, Tenant shall deposit with Landlord an additional security deposit (the "Additional Security Deposit") in the amount of $87,973.42 so that the Existing Security Deposit combined with the Additional Security Deposit shall collectively provide for an Expanded Premises Security Deposit of $201,973.42 to be held by Landlord in accordance with Paragraph 6 of the Lease. 10. Effect of Amendment: Except as modified herein, the terms and conditions of the Lease shall remain unmodified and continue in full force and effect as to the Expanded Premises. In the event of any conflict between the terms and conditions of the Lease and this First Amendment, the terms and conditions of this First Amendment shall prevail. 11. Definitions: Unless otherwise defined in this First Amendment, all terms not defined in this First Amendment shall have the meaning set forth in the Lease. 12. Authority: Subject to the provisions of the Lease, this First Amendment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns. Each party hereto and the persons signing below warrant that the person signing below on such party's behalf is authorized to do so and to bind such party to the terms of this First Amendment. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this First Amendment as of the first date set forth hereinabove. TENANT: LANDLORD: BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Limar Realty Corp. #10, a Delaware corporation a California corporation By: /s/ R. W. Anderson By: /s/ Thomas Numainville Name: R. W. Anderson Name: Thomas A. Numainville Title: V.P. Fin. and Admin. Title: Sr. V.P. Date: April 19, 2000 Date: 4-28-00 By: /s/Christopher M. Stein By: /s/ Thomas A. Numainville Name: Christopher M. Stein Name: Thomas A. Numainville Title: V.P. Research & Development Title: Asst. Secretary Date: 4/28/00 Date: 4/28/00 EX-10 7 exhibit_10-22.txt 79 DIGITAL LEASE EXHIBIT 10.22 CONSENT TO SUBLEASE This Consent (the "Consent") to Sublease is entered into this 30th day of August, 2001 by and between Condiotti Enterprises, a California Corporation ("Lessor"), Gateway Financial Corporation, a California Corporation (Lessee/ "Sublessor"), and BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware Corporation ("Sublessee"). Lessor, Sublessor, and Sublessee will be referred to collectively as the "Parties" with reference to the following facts: RECITALS Sublessor is the Lessee under a Lease dated February 14, 1996, and subsequent Addenda and/or Amendments, (the "Master Lease") more particularly described in the Sublease. Sublessor is subleasing to Sublessee a portion of the Premises described in the Master Lease known as 79 Digital Drive, Novato California, which consists of approximately 25,658 square feet of office/warehouse space (see Exhibit "B" to Sublease Agreement). Sublessor and Sublessee wish to obtain the written consent of Lessor to the Sublease. CONSENT 1. Consent. Subject to and specifically conditioned upon the terms and conditions set forth herein, Lessor hereby grants his consent to the Sublease. 2. No Release. This Consent does not release the Lessee or any person or entity claiming by, through or under Lessee, from any covenants, agreements, liabilities, and duties under the Lease, as it may be amended from time to time, without respect to any provision to the contrary in the Sublease. 3. Provisions of Lease and Sublease. This Consent does not constitute approval by Lessor of any of the terms, covenants, conditions or provisions of the Sublease. This Consent shall not be construed to amend the Lease in any respect. Notwithstanding any language to the contrary in the Sublease, the Parties acknowledge and agree that Sublessee is not an intended beneficiary of the Master Lease or Sublease. The Parties further acknowledge and agree that Sublessee cannot enforce, as against Lessor, any terms, covenant, or conditions, of the Master Lease or Sublease. 4. Sublessor's Continuing Liability. Sublessor shall be liable to Lessor for any default under the Lease, whether such default is caused by Sublessor or Sublessee or anyone claiming rights under the Sublease, by or through Lessee or Sublessee. The foregoing shall not be deemed to restrict or diminish any right which Lessor may have against Sublessee for violation of the Lease. 2 5. Acceptance by Sublessor and Sublessee. Sublessor and Sublessee acknowledge and agree that Lessor has agreed to execute this Consent based upon Sublessor's and Sublease's acknowledgment and acceptance of its terms and conditions. 6. Reservation of Rights. This consent is limited solely to this Sublease. Lessor reserves the right to consent or to withhold consent and all other rights under the Lease with respect to any further or additional subleases, assignments or transfers of the Lease, including a sublease or any assignment of the Sublease. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any consent and all other rights under the Master Lease shall not be unreasonably withheld by Lessor. 7. Sublessor and Sublessee. By executing this Consent, Sublessor and Sublessee acknowledge and agree to be bound by all the terms and condition set forth herein. 8. Sublessee shall not have the right to exercise any of the options to renew or extend the Master Lease. SUBLESSOR: SUBLESSEE: BIOMARIN GATEWAY FINANCIAL CORPORATION PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. By: /s/ Edward J. Coyne By: /s/ R.W. Anderson ---------------------------- --------------------------- Title: President Title: V.P. Fin. and Admin. ---------------------------- -------------------------- Date: August 30, 2001 Date: August 31, 2001 ---------------------------- -------------------------- LESSOR: CONDIOTTI ENTERPRISES, INC. By: /s/ illegible --------------------------------- Title: Vice President - CFO --------------------------------- Date: 09/10/01 --------------------------------- 1 AGREEMENT OF SUBLEASE 1. PARTIES This Sublease, dated July 27, 2001, is entered into by Gateway Financial Corporation, a California Corporation, Inc. ("Sublessor"), and BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware Corporation ("Sublessee"), is subject to that certain Standard Industrial Lease Agreement dated February 14, 1996, and addenda and amendments (collectively, the "Master Lease") thereto between Condiotti Enterprises, Inc., a California Corporation ("Lessor"), hereinafter the "Master Lessor" and WorkRite Ergonomic Accessories, a California corporation ("Lessee"). A copy of the Master Lease is attached hereto as Exhibit "A-1". 2. PROVISIONS CONSTITUTING SUBLEASE Except to the extent that this Sublease clearly indicates otherwise, all terms and conditions of the Master Lease, are incorporated into and made a part of this Sublease as if Sublessor were the Lessor thereunder and Sublessee were the Lessee thereunder, and as if the Sublease Premises were the Premises thereunder, except for the following terms and conditions which are excluded from this Sublease: In the body of the Master Lease, Articles: 1, 2, 4, 5, 34, 37, 39, Exhibit "A", Exhibit "B", Amendment to Lease dated March 21, 1996, the Addendum to Lease dated February 5, 1997, the Addendum to Lease dated June 4, 1997, the Addendum to Lease dated October 7, 1997, Amendment #4 (excluding Articles 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only) dated March 17, 1998, and Contingency Release dated April 22, 1998. Subject to the foregoing exceptions, Sublessee hereby assumes and agrees to perform the Lessee's obligations under the Master Lease during the term of the Sublease to the extent that such obligations are applicable to the Premises as defined in Section 5 herein. Without limiting the foregoing, Sublessee shall name Sublessor, and Master Lessor as additional 2 insureds under the insurance policies required to be carried by Sublessee pursuant to the incorporation of the insurance paragraphs of the Master Lease (Article 12). If the Master Lease terminates as a result of a default or breach by Sublessee under this Sublease, and/or the Master Lease, Sublessee shall be liable to the Sublessor for the damage suffered as a result of such termination. 3. PRESERVATION OF MASTER LEASE Sublessor agrees not to terminate or modify the Master Lease without the Sublessee's written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Sublessee and Sublessor shall each refrain from any acts or omission that would result in the failure or breach of any covenants, provisions or conditions of the Master Lease on the part of the Lessee under the Master Lease. 4. MASTER LESSOR'S CONSENT REQUIRED Sublessee acknowledges that, pursuant to the provisions of the Master Lease, Sublessor is required to obtain Master Lessor's written consent to this Sublease, and accordingly, the obligations of the Sublessor and Sublessee under this Sublease are expressly subject to Sublessor obtaining such consent. 5. PREMISES Sublessor hereby subleases to Sublessee the Premises commonly described as 79 Digital Drive, an office/warehouse building, located in Novato, California, consisting of approximately 25,658 square feet (see Exhibit "B"). Neither Sublessor nor Sublessee shall rely on the square footage calculation as provided herein, and each party shall have the right to independently verify the square footage. The taking of possession or use of the Premises by Subleases for any purpose shall conclusively establish that Sublessee has inspected the Premises and accepts them as being in good condition and repair, subject to Section 11 herein. Subleases acknowledges that Sublessor and Meridian 3 Commercial, Inc., the broker involved in this Sublease transaction, have not made any representations or warranties as to the suitability or fitness of the Premises for the conduct of Sublessee's business, or for any other purpose. 6. WARRANTY BY SUBLESSOR Sublessor warrants and represents to Sublessee that (i) the Master Lease attached as Exhibit "A-1" is a true and complete copy of the Master Lease, that Master Lease is in full force and effect, and that the Master Lease has not been amended or modified except as represented herein; (ii) Sublessor has neither given nor received a notice of any claim of default or breach of any of the provisions of the Master Lease; and (iii) Sublessor shall continue to perform its obligations under the Master Lease throughout the Term of this Sublease. 7. BASE RENTAL/RENTAL SCHEDULE Unless otherwise indicated herein, Sublessee shall pay to Sublessor as rent for the Premises in advance not later than the first (1st) day of each calendar month of the term of the Sublease without deduction, offset, prior notice or demand, to Gateway Financial Corporation, 767 Lincoln Avenue, Suite #4, San Rafael, CA 94901, or at such other place as Sublessor may designate in writing, in lawful money of the United States as follows: Sublessee shall pay the first month's rent of $32,000.00 to Sublessor within one (1) business day following full Sublease execution. The monthly rent payable by Sublessee throughout the Sublease term shall be: November 1, 2001 to October 31, 2002: $32,000.00 per month November 1, 2002 to October 31, 2003: $32,960.00 per month November 1, 2003 to October 31, 2004: $33,948.00 per month November 1, 2004 to October 31, 2005: $34,967.00 per month November 1, 2005 to July 31, 2006: $36,016.00 per month For purposes of this Sublease "Sublessee's Share" shall mean 50% and the "Base Year" shall 4 mean and refer to 1996, per the terms of the Master Lease. 8. SECURITY DEPOSIT The amount of the Security Deposit provided in Article 3 of the Master Lease is revised in this Sublease to be $96,000.00. This Security Deposit shall be paid to the Sublessor as follows: $32,000.00 within one (1) business day following full Sublease execution and $64,000.00 not later then October 1, 2001 which shall serve as a non-interest bearing security for Sublessee's performance under this Sublease. 9. TERM/POSSESSION This Sublease shall commence November 1, 2001 (the "Sublease Commencement Date") and shall terminate on July 31, 2006, or upon the expiration or earlier termination of the Master Lease. Promptly after delivery of possession of the Premises to Sublessee, Sublessor shall provide Sublessee with a written memorandum affirming the Commencement Date. As of the Sublease Commencement Date Sublessee accepts the Premises in its "as-is" condition and repair, except as indicated in Section 11 (Condition of Premises) and Section 12 (Tenant Improvements) herein. In the event Sublessor cannot deliver the Premises to Subleases on or before February 1, 2002, including the failure of Sublessor to obtain the Master Lessor's consent to this Sublease, then Sublessee may, at Sublessee's option, by written notice to Sublessor within ten (10) days thereafter, cancel this Sublease, in which event neither party shall have any further obligation to the other, and all deposit monies shall be returned to Sublessee without offset or deduct. 10. USE The Premises shall be used and occupied by the Sublessee as follows: Warehouse for cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practices, a FDA Standard) materials, quality control test laboratories for cGMP materials, cold storage of research materials (primarily proteins), central 5 storage of research and development materials, storage of administrative records, administrative offices and spaces for the functions outlined herein, wet and dry laboratories for various purposes, and other office storage functions and for no other purpose (unless Sublessee receives Sublessor's and Master Lessor's approval per the terms and conditions of the Master Lease). 11. CONDITION OF PREMISES Sublessor, at Sublessor's sole cost and expense, shall deliver the Premises with the following as of the Sublease Commencement date: (1) the roof shall be in good condition and repair, and leak free; (2) all HVAC units for the Premises shall be in good operating condition and repair, and fully serviced per manufacturers specifications; (3) the existing restrooms shall meet current applicable governmental requirements; including without limitation those under the Americans with Disabilities Act; otherwise Sublessor shall be responsible for the costs to upgrade the restrooms to meet the requirements; (4) and Sublessor shall paint the interior of the warehouse on both the first and second floors. Sublessor will install an elevator to access the second floor if required by any federal, state or local government agency for Sublessee's occupancy of the Premises, though not in the event that Sublessee's occupancy in the Premises is considered by the applicable government agency to be a change in use over the previous use, thus triggering the requirement for the elevator. Sublessor will use its best efforts to have the Master Lessor paint the exterior of the Premises within two (2) years of the Sublease Commencement Date. 12. TENANT IMPROVEMENTS Sublessor shall provide Sublessee with an allowance in the amount of $31,188.00 (the "Tenant Improvement Allowance") for improvements to the Premises. Said Tenant Improvement Allowance shall be paid by Sublessor to Sublessee upon receipt of invoices for completed work 6 and lien releases in a form subject to Sublessor's reasonable approval. Subject to Article 7 (Alterations: Liens) of the Master Lease, Sublessor shall have the right to reasonably approve Sublessee's tenant improvement plans and specifications prior to the commencement of the construction of the tenant improvements. Sublessee shall contract for the construction of the tenant improvements with a bondable and licensed contractor of Sublessee's choice subject to the Sublessor's reasonable approval. Subject to Master Lessor's approval, Subleases shall have the right to install an emergency back-up power generator adjacent to the Premises. Sublessee shall provide plans and specifications for the generator to Sublessor for Sublessor's reasonable approval. Sublessee shall be responsible for obtaining all governmental approvals associated with the installation of the generator. 13. MASTER LEASE NOTICES Sublessor and Sublessee each agree to promptly deliver to the other copies of any and all notices of default, notices or other correspondence that it sends to or receives from Master Lessor relating to the Premises or this Sublease and further agrees, notwithstanding Section 15 of this Sublease to the contrary, to so deliver same in the manner most appropriate to insure that each party will be able to respond to any of such notices or other correspondence from the Master Lessor within any time period set forth the in the Master Lease. 14. DEFAULT UNDER MASTER LEASE In the event that Sublessor defaults under its obligations to be performed under the Master Lease, Sublessee shall have the right to, but not obligation, to cure any monetary default of Sublessor on behalf of Sublessor described in any notice of default within ten (10) days after delivery of such default notice to Sublessee. If Sublessee cures such default on behalf on Sublessor, Sublessor 7 shall reimburse Sublessee for such amounts with ten (10) day after Sublessee's notice to and demand therefor from Sublessor together with any late charge specified in the Master Lease. 15. NOTICES All notices or demands, which may or are required or permitted to be given by either party to the other hereunder shall be in writing. All notices and demands between Sublessor and Sublessee shall be hand delivered or sent by United States mail, certified with return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to the parties at the addresses designated below, or to such other places as may be designated from time to time by the parties pursuant to the provisions of this section. SUBLESSEE SUBLESSOR BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc. Gateway Financial Corporation 371 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard 767 Lincoln Avenue, Suite 4 Novato, CA 94949 San Rafael, CA 94901 Attention: William Anderson, CFO Attention: Edmund Coyne, President (415) 884-6700 fax (415)884-7889 (415) 453-0451 fax (415) 453-0465 16. BROKER PARTICIPATION The parties acknowledge that Meridian Commercial, Inc. is the only broker who negotiated this Sublease and agree that Sublessor shall be responsible for the payment of all brokerage commissions to said broker, and that Sublessee shall have no responsibility therefor. As part of the consideration for the granting of this Sublease, Sublessor and Sublessee represent and warrant to each other, that, to their knowledge, no other broker, agent or finder negotiated or was instrumental in negotiating or consummating this Sublease on behalf of Sublessor or Sublessee, and that Sublessor and Sublessee know of no other real estate broker, agent or finder who is or might be entitled to a commission or compensation in connection with this Sublease. Each party 8 agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the other party from and against any damages resulting from any claims that may be asserted against the other party by any broker, finder or other person, with whom the indemnifying party has purportedly dealt. 17. SIGNAGE Subject to Article 22 (Signs) of the Master Lease, and subject to Sublessor's written approval, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, Sublessee, at its sole cost and expense and its option, shall have the right to install signage in accordance with the project master signage program. 18. PARKING Sublessee, its employees, representatives, guests and invitees shall have the right to use the parking adjacent to the Premises on an unassigned and unreserved basis. Sublessor has confirmed that there are currently approximately 140 parking spaces in the immediate vicinity of the Premises and the building at 81 Digital Drive. 19. MISCELLANEOUS A. Defined Term. All capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings given them in the Master Lease. B. Amendment. No amendment, modification or alteration of terms hereof shall be binding unless the same shall be in writing, dated subsequent to tile date hereof and duly executed by the parties. C. Attorneys' Fees. In the event any litigation, arbitration, mediation or other proceeding ("Proceeding") is initiated by any party against any other party to enforce, interpret or otherwise obtain judicial or quasi-judicial relief in connection with this Sublease, the substantially prevailing party or parties in such proceeding shall be entitled to recover from the unsuccessful party or parties all costs, expenses and reasonable attorney's fees relating to or arising out of such Proceeding (whether or not the Proceeding results in judgement), including any post-judgement or post award Proceeding, including, without limitation, one to enforce any judgement or award resulting from any such Proceeding. Any such judgement or award shall contain a specific provision for the recovery of all such subsequently incurred costs, expenses and reasonable attorneys' fees. D. Successors and Assigns. This Sublease shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns in accordance with the terns of this Sublease. 9 E. Time is of the Essence. Time is of the essence in the performance by the Sublessee of its obligations hereunder. F. Entire Agreement. The terms and provisions of all schedules and exhibits described herein and attached hereto are hereby made a part hereof for all purposes. This Sublease constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and all prior correspondence, memoranda, agreements or understandings (written or oral) with respect hereto are merged into and superseded by this Sublease. G. Severability. In any term or provision of this Sublease, or application thereof to any person or circumstances, shall to any extent be invalid or unenforceable, the reminder of this Sublease, or the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is invalid or unenforceable, shall not be affected thereby, and each provision of this Sublease shall be valid and shall be enforceable to the extent permitted by law. H. Additional Documents and Acts. Without further consideration, each party agrees to execute and deliver such additional documents and instruments and to perform such additional acts as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate, carry out and perform all the terms, provisions, and conditions of this Sublease and the transactions contemplated hereby. I. Counterpart. This Sublease may be executed in counterparts, each of which (when delivered) shall be the same agreement. Only one fully executed counterpart need be produced in order to prove this Sublease. The parties may execute this Agreement by executing signature pages and authorizing them to be attached to the body of this Agreement. J. Inconsistency. In the event of any inconsistency or conflict between the provisions of the Master Lease and the terms of this Sublease, the terms of this Sublease shall control. SUBLESSOR: Gateway Financial SUBLESSEE: BioMarin Corporation Pharmaceutical Inc. By: /s/ Edward J. Coyne By: /s/ R. W. Anderson ------------------------ -------------------------- Title: President Title: V.P. Fin. and Admin. ------------------------ -------------------------- Date: August 30, 2001 Date: August 31, 2001 ------------------------ -------------------------- 1 EXHIBIT A-1 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL LEASE THIS LEASE, made this 14 day of February, 1996, between Condiotti Enterprises, Inc., a California corporation, with offices at 2880 Cleveland Avenue, Suite B, Santa Rosa, California 95406, as "Lessor," and WorkRite Ergonomic Accessories, a California corporation, with offices to be located at 77 Digital Drive, as "Lessee." For and in consideration of the rents, covenants and agreements hereinafter agreed by Lessee to be paid, kept and performed, Lessor leases unto Lessee and Lessee hires from Lessor the following described Premises, the "Premises" together with appurtenances. situated in the building "Building" located at 77 Digital Drive in the City of Novato, County of Marin, State of California. The Premises are approximately 2,235 sq. ft. first floor office, 2,500 sq. ft. second floor office and 13,000 sq. ft. first floor warehouse (17,735 sq. ft. total) of the Building a indicated on Exhibit "B", attached hereto. The said Building is more particularly described in Exhibit "A" attached hereto and made a part hereof. Said hiring and letting is upon the following terms and conditions: 1. TERM: POSSESSION: a. The term of this Lease shall begin with the "Commencement Date", May 1, 1996, for the Premises, and the term shall continue until July 31, 2001. Lessee shall be tendered occupancy of the Premises as of the stipulated Commencement Date. In the event the improvements to the Premises pursuant to section 39 herein are completed prior to May 1, 1996, and a certificate of occupancy is issued, Lessee shall have the right to take possession of the Premises without advancing the lease Termination Date. b. Lessor shall keep Lessee informed of any changes in the date for occupancy. c. If Lessor shall not have tendered possession of the Premises to Lessee such that the occupancy date thereof would be more than sixty (60) days after the target date set forth in Paragraph A above, Lessee may at Lessee's option by notice in writing to Lessor cancel this Lease, in which event the parties shall be discharged from all obligation hereunder. In the event this Lease is cancelled by Lessee, due to Lessor's failure to diligently pursue the work on the Premises to be performed by it, Lessor shall be discharged from all obligations under the Lease and shall not be liable for any other costs or damages which Lessee may suffer except for return of all advance rental payments and security deposits made by Lessee. 2. RENT: a. Starting with the Commencement Date, Lessee shall pay to Lessor Rent for the Premises in the amount of Thirteen Thousand One Hundred Thirty-Eight and 50/100 Dollars ($13,138.50) each month, the fixed minimal rental hereunder. The Fixed Minimal Monthly Rent shall be paid in advance on the first (1st) day of each month during the term hereof. Lessor acknowledges receipt of Thirteen Thousand One Hundred Thirty-Eight and 50/100 Dollars ($13,138.50) on the execution of this Lease, which shall be applied to the first month rent due hereunder. b. If the commencement date or the termination date does not fall on the first or last day of the month, or if Lessee with Lessor's consent occupies the Premises prior to the Commencement Date or terminates on a date other than the last day of a month, Lessee shall pay rent for such partial month prorated on the basis of a thirty (30) day month. c. The fixed minimal rental hereunder shall be increased during the term hereof as hereinafter provided, but in no event shall any adjustment to rent result in a reduction below the initial fixed minimal rent or any subsequently determined rent, whichever is higher. Rent shall be payable in lawful money of the United States to Lessor at the address hereinabove set forth or to such other persons or at such other places as Lessor may designate in writing. d. In consideration of Lessee executing this lease agreement, Lessee shall have the right to occupy the premises on a rent free basis for the second, third and fourth months of the lease term. 3. SECURITY DEPOSIT: Lessee shall deposit with Lessor upon execution hereof the sum or Thirteen Thousand One Hundred Thirty-Eight and 50/100 Dollars ($13,138.50) as security for Lessee's faithful performance of Lessee's obligations hereunder. If Lessee fails to pay rent or other charges due hereunder or otherwise defaults with respect to any provision of this Lease, Lessor may use, apply or retain all or any portion of said deposit for the payment of any rent or other charge in default, or for the payment of any other sum to which Lessor may become obligated by reason of Lessee's default, or to compensate Lessor for any loss or damage which Lessor may suffer thereby. If Lessor so uses or applies all or any portion of said deposit, Lessee shall within ten (10) days after written demand therefor deposit cash with Lessor in an amount sufficient to restore said deposit to the full amount hereinabove stated and Lessee's failure to do so shall be a material breach of this Lease. Lessor shall not be required to keep said deposit separate from its general accounts. If Lessee performs all of Lessee's obligations hereunder, said deposit, or so much thereof as has not therefore been applied by Lessor, shall be returned, without payment of interest or other increment for its use, to Lessee (or at Lessor:_Lessee:_ 2 Lessor's option, to the last assignee, if any, of Lessee's interest hereunder) at the expiration of the initial five (5) year term of this Lease in the event Lessee has not exercised its option to extend the term of this Lease, and after Lessee has vacated the Premises. In the event Lessee has not exercised its option to extend the term of this Lease, such security deposit shall be applied as a credit towards the security deposit owed by Lessee under the extended term of this Lease. No trust relationship is created herein between Lessor and Lessee with respect to said Security Deposit. 4. USE: The Premises the hereby leased to Lessee upon the express condition that Lessee shall use said Premises for administrative offices, manufacturing and assembly of office furniture, sales, warehousing and related uses. Lessee agrees that the said Lessee's business shall be established and conducted through the term hereof in a first class manner; that Lessee will not use the demised Premises for, or carry on or permit upon said Premises any offensive, noisy or dangerous trade, business, manufacture or occupation or any nuisance, or anything against public policy, nor permit any auction sale to be held or conducted on or about said Premises; that Lessee shall not commit, or suffer to be committed, any waste upon the Premises; that Lessee will not do or suffer anything to be done upon said Premises which will cause structural injury to said Premises or the building of which same form a part; that said Premises will not be overloaded and that no machinery, apparatus or other appliance shall be used or operated in or upon the Premises which will in any manner injure, vibrate or shake said Premises or the building of which it is a part; that no use will be made of the Premises which will in any way impair the efficient operation of the sprinkler system (if any) within the building containing the Premises; that Lessee will not vacate or abandon said Premises during the term hereof unless pursuant to an assignment of this Lease or subletting of the Premises; Lessee further agrees not to use or permit the use of the Premises or any part thereof, for any immoral or other purpose prohibited by law or which will increase the existing rate of insurance (or if a newly constructed building, lien the initial rate of insurance) upon the building in which the Premises may be located, or cause a cancellation of any insurance policy covering said building or any part thereof. If any act on the part of Lessee or use of the Premises by Lessee shall cause, directly or indirectly, any increase of Lessor's insurance expense, said additional expense shall be paid by Lessee to Lessor upon demand. No such payment by Lessee shall limit Lessor in the exercise of any other rights or remedies, or constitute a waiver of Lessor's right to require Lessee to discontinue such act or use. No use shall be made or permitted to be made of the Premises or any part thereof, and no act done therein, which may disturb the quiet enjoyment of any other tenant in the building of which the Premises are a part. Lessee, at Lessee's sole cost and expense, agrees to do all things necessary to maintain the Premises, in a clean, neat and sanitary manner; and repair and maintain the interior of the Premises forming a part of the building in compliance and conformity with all laws and ordinances, municipal, state, federal and/or any other governmental board or authority, present or future, in anywise relating to the condition, use or occupancy of the Premises throughout the entire term of this lease and to the perfect exoneration from liability of Lessor, or if due to Lessee's specific use of the Premises any governmental authority requires alterations, Lessee shall make such alternations at its sole cost and expense, excluding structural changes not related to or affected Lessee's improvements or acts. The judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction or the admission of Lessee in any action or proceeding against Lessee, whether Lessor be a party thereto or not, that Lessee has violated any such law, ordinance, requirement or order in the use of the Premises, shall be conclusive of that fact as between Lessor and Lessee. 5. CONDITION OF PREMISES: Lessor shall deliver the Premises to Lessee clean and free of debris (broomswept floors, windows washed, HVAC grills cleaned, etc.) on the Commencement Date and warrants to Lessee that the interior plumbing, interior electrical, and interior sewage systems, the heating and air conditioning installation. the lighting (including replacement or burnt out light fixtures) and loading doors, if any, in the Premises shall be in good operating condition on the Commencement date. In the event a non-compliance with said warranty exists as of the Commencement Date, Lessor shall promptly, after receipt of written notice from Lessee setting forth the nature and extent of such non-compliance, rectify the same at Lessor's sole cost and expense. If Lessee does not give Lessor written notice of a non-compliance with this warranty within three (3) months after the Commencement Date, correction of that non-compliance shall be the obligation of Lessee at Lessee's sole cost and expense. 6. REPAIRS: a. Repairs by Lessee: Lessee agrees at its own cost and expense to maintain, repair and keep the interior of the Premises forming a part of the building, and all appurtenances (including interior wiring, interior plumbing, interior sewage system, heating and air cooling installation, all glazing in or bordering the Premises and any store front), in good condition and repair during the term of this Lease, excepting capital replacement or improvement of building systems that have outlived their useful life in which event Lessor will be responsible. Lessor is responsible for foundations, and structural portions of the Premises and damage to such Premises by fire, earthquake, civil insurrection, and acts of God or the elements. In the event Lessee should fail to make the repairs required of Lessee forthwith upon notice by Lessor, Lessor, in addition to all other remedies available hereunder or by law, and without waiving any said alternative remedies, may make same and Lessee agrees to repay Lessor the cost thereof as part of the rental (payable as such) on the next day on which rent becomes due, and failure to pay same shall carry with it the same consequences as failure to pay any installment of rental. Lessee agrees during the full term of this Lease, at its own cost and expense, to make all repairs and replacements of whatever kind or nature, either to the interior or exterior of said Premises, rendered necessary by reason of any act or omission of Lessee or its agents, servants or employees. Upon lease termination, Lessee shall surrender unto Lessor the Premises in the same condition as received, ordinary wear and tear and damage by fire, earthquake, civil insurrection, acts or God or the elements alone excepted. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Lessor shall repair damages to the Premises caused by acts or omissions of Lessor or it's authorized representatives or agents or the Lessor's failure to perform its obligations under Paragraph b, herein below. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 3 b. Repairs by Lessor: Lessor agrees, after written notice of the necessity therefor, and should the same not be caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Lessee, to initiate necessary repairs to the sprinkler system, foundations and other structural portions of the Premises forming a part of the building; the common areas, if any; and the roof, exterior walls, bearing walls, window frames, gutters and downspouts, subflooring parking area, landscaping and all wiring, plumbing and sewage system exterior to the Premises, within thirty (30) days of notification thereof, except in the event of any emergency Lessor will make repairs as soon as reasonably possible. c. If Lessor fails to perform its obligation as to any and all repairs and maintenance of the Premises within thirty (30) days notification of the necessity of the same, Lessee may perform Lessor's obligations and have the right to be reimbursed for the sum it actually expands in the permanence of Lessors obligations. 7. ALTERNATIONS: LIENS: Lessee agrees not to make any structural alterations of, changes in or additions to the Premises. Lessee agrees not to make any non-structural alterations of, changes in or additions to the Premises of a cost in excess of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) without the prior written consent of Lessor. Lessee agrees that should Lessor give written consent, all alterations, additions and improvements, including fixtures, made in, to or on the Premises, except unattached movable business fixtures, shall be the property of Lessor at termination of Lease and shall remain upon and be surrendered with the Premises. If Lessor shall require to have the Premises or any part or parts thereof restored to their condition when the Premises were delivered to Lessee then Lessor shall notify Lessee thereof together with Lessor's written consent to any alterations or changes to the Premises, and if Lessor shall so desire, Lessee shall so restore the Premises or such part or parts thereof by the end of the term of this Lease, entirely at Lessee's own cost and expense. Lessee agrees that if any such alterations, changes or additions are to be made, same shall not be commenced until two (2) days after receipt of written consent of Lessor required by this paragraph, in order that Lessor may post appropriate notice to avoid liability on account thereof. Lessee agrees to indemnify and save harmless Lessor from all liens, claims or demands arising out of any work performed, materials furnished, or obligations incurred by or for Lessee upon the Premises during said term, and agrees not to suffer any such lien or other lien to be created. 8. UTILITIES: Lessee shall pay far all gas, heat, light, power, telephone, refuse service, and other utilities and services supplied to the Premises, together with any taxes thereon. If any such services are not separately metered to Lessee, Lessee shall pay a pro-rata proportion to be determined by Lessor of all charges jointly metered with other Premises. 9. ENTRY AND INSPECTION: Lessee agrees that Lessor and his agents may enter upon the Premises at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice to inspect the same, to submit them to a prospective purchaser, lender, or lessee, or to make any changes or alterations or repairs which Lessor shall consider necessary for the protection, improvement or preservation thereof, or of the building in which the Premises are situated, or to make changes in the plumbing, wiring, meters or other equipment, fixtures or appurtenances of the building, or to post any notice provided for by law, or otherwise to protect any and all rights of Lessor; and Lessor shall have the right to erect and maintain all necessary or proper scaffolding or other structures for the making of such changes, alterations or repairs (provided the entrance to the Premises shall not be blocked thereby and that such work shall be completed with diligence and dispatch) and there shall be no liability against Lessor for damages thereby sustained by Lessee, nor shall Lessee be entitled to any abatement of rental by reason of the exercise by Lessor of any such rights herein reserved. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to obligate Lessor to make any changes, alterations or repairs. Lessee, further agrees that at any time after six (6) months prior to the termination of this Lease, Lessor may place thereon any usual or ordinary "To Let" or "To Lease" signs. 10. ASSIGNMENT AND SUBLETTING: a. Lessor's Consent Required: Lessee shall not voluntarily or by operation of law assign, transfer, mortgage, sublet, or otherwise transfer or encumber all or any part of Lessee's interest in this Lease or in the Premises without Lessor's prior written consent, which Lessor shall not unreasonably withhold. Lessor shall respond to Lessee's request for consent hereunder in a timely manner and any attempted assignment, transfer, mortgage, encumbrance or subletting without such consent shall be void, and shall constitute a breach of this Lease. b. Lease Affiliate: Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph "A" hereof, Lessee may assign this Lease or sublet the Premises or any portion thereof, without Lessors consent, to any corporation which controls, is controlled by or is under common control with Lessee, or to any corporation resulting from the merger or consolidation with Lessee, or to any person or entity which acquires all the assets of Lessee as a going concern of the business first is being conducted on the Premises, provided in the case of an assignment that said assignee assumes, in full, are obligations of Lessee under this Lease. c. No Release of Lessee: Regardless of Lessor's consent, no subletting or assignment shall release Lessee of Lessee's obligation or alter the primary liability of Lessee to pay the rent and to perform all other obligations to be performed by Lessee hereunder, unless Lessor specifically consents to Release of Liability. The acceptance of rent by Lessor from any other person shall not be deemed to be a waiver by Lessor of any provision hereof. Consent to one assignment or subletting shall not be deemed consent to any subsequent assignment or subletting. In the event of default by any assignee of Lessee or any successor of Lessee to the performance of any of the terms hereof, Lessor may proceed directly against Lessee without the necessity of exhausting remedies against said assignee. Any subsequent assignment, sublease, amendment or modification of this lease with assignees or successors of lease, made without Lessee's written consent shall relieve Lessee from liability under this lease. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 4 d. Attorney's Fees: In the event Lessee shall assign or sublet the Premises or request the consent of Lessor to any assignment or subletting, or if Lessee shall request the consent of Lessor for any act Leasee proposes to do, so long that Lessee is not in default under any of the terms and conditions of the lease agreement, then Lessee shall pay Lessor's reasonable attorney's fees incurred in connection therewith, not to exceed $500.00 for each proposed assignment or sublet. 11. HOLD HARMLESS: This Lease is made upon the express condition that Lessee agrees to keep, save and hold Lessor free from all liability, penalties, losses, damages, costs, expenses, causes of action, claims and/or judgments arising by reason of any injury or damage to any person or persons, including without limitation, Lessee, its servants, agents and employees, or property of any kind whatsoever and to whomsoever belonging, including without limitation, Lessee's, its servants', agents', and employees', from any cause or causes whatsoever, including leakage, while in, upon or in any way connected with said demised Premises, of its appurtenances during the term of this Lease or any occupancy hereunder, Lessee hereby covenanting and agreeing to indemnify, protect and save Lessor harmless from all liability, loss costs and obligations on account of or arising out of any such injuries or losses, however incurring. Lessee, as a material part of the consideration to be rendered to Lessor, hereby waives all claims against Lessor for damages to goods, wares and merchandise in, upon of about the Premises and for injuries to Lessee, his agents or third persons in or about the Premises from any cause arising at any time including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, damages arising from acts or omissions of other tenants of the building of which the Premises are a part. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Lessee be liable for damages or injury occasioned by the gross negligence or intentional acts or omissions of the Lessor or of Lessor's designated agents, servants or employees in which case the Lessor shall hold the Lessee harmless from all damages arising out of the same. A parties obligation under this paragraph shall be limited to the sum that exceeds the amount of insurance proceeds, if any received by the party being indemnified. 12. INSURANCE: a. Liability Insurance: Lessee shall, at Lessee's expense, obtain and keep in force during the term of this Lease a policy of Combined Single Limit, Bodily Injury and Property Damage insurance insuring Lessor and Lessee against any liability arising out of the ownership, use, occupancy, or maintenance of the Premises and all areas appurtenant thereto. Such insurance shall be a combined single limit policy in an amount not less than $2,000,000 per occurrence. The policy shall insure the risks assumed by Lessee of the indemnity provision of Paragraph 9 and 11. The limits of said insurance shall not, however, limit the liability of Lessee hereunder. b. Property Insurance: Lessee shall obtain and keep in force during the term of this Lease a policy or policies of insurance covering loss or damage to its fixtures, equipment, tenant improvements, inventory and other contents stored in the Premises in the amount of the full replacement value thereof, as the same may exist from time to time. c. Insurance Policies. Insurance required hereunder shall be in companies holding a "General Policyholders Rating" of at least B plus, or such other rating as may be required by a lender having a lien on the Premises, as set forth in the most current issue of "Best's Insurance Guide". The insuring party shall deliver to the other party copies of policies of such insurance or certificates evidencing the existence and amounts of such insurance with loss payable clauses as required by this paragraph 12. No such policy shall be cancelable or subject to reduction of coverage or other modification except after thirty (30) days' prior written notice to Lessor. If Lessee is the insuring party, Lessee shall, at least thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of such policies, furnish Lessor with renewals or "binders" thereof, or Lessor may order such insurance and charge the cost thereof to Lessee, which amount shall be payable by Lessee upon demand. d. Waiver of Subrogation: Lessee and Lessor each hereby release and relieve the other, and waive their entire right of recovery against the other and against the officers, employees, agents and representatives of the other for loss or damage arising out of or incident to the perils insured against under paragraph 12, which perils occur in, an or about the Premises, whether due to the negligence of Lessor or Lessee or their agents, employees, contractors and/or invites. Lessee and Lessor shall, upon obtaining the policies of insurance required hereunder, give notice to the insurance carrier or carriers that the foregoing mutual waiver of subrogation is contained in this Lease. e. Fire and Extended Coverage Insurance: At all times from and after the date of commencement of this Lease, Lessor shall keep the building which constitutes a part of the Premises insured for the mutual benefit of Lessor and Lessee against (i) loss or damage by fire and such other risks as may be included in a standard form of extended coverage insurance from time to time available, in amounts sufficient to prevent Lessor or Lessee from becoming a co-insurer within the terms of the applicable policies and, in any event. In an amount not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the then full replacement value of the building, together with an addendum thereto providing for six (6) month's rental income coverage payable to Lessor, (ii) loss or damage from leakage of sprinkler systems now or hereafter installed in the building in such amount as Lessor shall reasonably establish, and (iii) loss or damage resulting from explosion of steam boiler, air conditioning equipment, pressure vessels or similar apparatus, now of hereafter installed in the building by Lessor, in such amount as Lessor shall reasonably establish. Lessor_:Lessee:_ 5 f. Notice by Lessee: Lessee agrees to give prompt notice to Lessor with respect to all events occurring upon the Premises which may be the subject of claims on insurance policies, whether policies are being maintained by Lessor or by Lessee. 13. PERSONAL PROPERTY TAXES: a. Lessee shall pay prior to delinquency all taxes assessed against and levied upon trade fixtures, furnishing, equipment and all other personal property of Lessee contained in the Premises or elsewhere as it may affect the Premises. When possible, Lessee shall cause said trade fixtures, furnishings, equipment and all other personal property to be assessed and billed separately from the real property of Lessor. b. If any of Lessee's said personal property shall be assessed with Lessor's real property, Lessee shall pay Lessor the taxes attributable to Lessee within ten (10) days after receipt of a written statement selling forth the taxes applicable to Lessee's property. 14. DEFAULTS: REMEDIES: a. Defaults: The occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute a material default and breach of this Lease by Lessee: i. The vacating or abandonment of the Premises by Lessee or assignee or sublessee as applicable. ii. The failure by Lessee to make any payment of rent or any other payment required to be made by Lessee hereunder, as and when due, where such failure shall continue for a period of ten (10) days after written notice thereof from Lessor to Lessee. In the event that Lessor serves Lessee with a Notice to Pay Rent or Quit pursuant to applicable Unlawful Detainer statutes, such Notice to Pay Rent or Quit shall also constitute the notice required by this subparagraph. iii The failure by Lessee to observe or perform any conditions or provisions of this Lease to be observed or performed by Lessees, other than described in paragraph (ii) above, where such failure shall continue for a period of thirty (30) days after written notice thereof from Lessor to Lessee; provided, however, that if the nature of Lessee's default is such that more than thirty (30) days are reasonably required for its cure, that Lessee shall not be deemed to be in default if Lessee commenced such cure within said thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently prosecutes such cure to completion. iv. (a) The making by Lessee of any general arrangement or assignment for the benefit of creditors; (b) Lessee becomes a "debtor" as defined in 11 U.S.C. 101 or any successor statute thereto (unless, in the case of a petition filed against Lessee, the same is dismissed within sixty [60] days); (c) the appointment of a trustee or receiver to take possession of substantially all of Lessee's assets located at the Premises or of Leassee's interest in this Lease, where possession is not restored to Lessee within thirty (30) days; or (d) the attachment, execution or other judicial seizure of substantially all of Lessee' assets located at the Premises or of Lessee's interest in this Lease, where such seizure is not discharged within thirty (30) days. Provided, however, in the event that any provision of this paragraph A (iv) is contrary to any applicable law, such provision shall be of no force or effect. v. The discovery by Lessor that any financial statement given to Lessor by Lessee, any assignee of Lessee, any subtenant of Lessee, any successor in interest of Lessee or any guarantor of Lessee's obligation hereunder, and any or them, was materially false. Remedies: In the event of any such material default or breach by Lessee, Lessor may at any time thereafter, by written notice or demand and without limiting Lessor in the exercise of any right or remedy which Lessor may have by reason of such default or breach: i. Terminate Lessee's right to possession of the Premises by any lawful means, in which case this Lease shall terminate and Lessee shall immediately surrender possession of the Premises to Lessor. In such event Lessor shall be entitled to recover from Lessee all damages incurred by Lessor by reason of Lessee's default including, but not limited to, the cost of recovering possession of the Premises, expenses of re-letting including necessary renovation and alteration of the Premises, reasonable attorney's fees, and any real estate commission actually paid; and the worth at the time of award by the court having jurisdiction thereof of the amount by which the unpaid rent for the balance of the term after the time of such award exceeds the amount of such rental loss for the same period that Lessee proves could be reasonably avoided. ii. Maintain Lessee's right to possession in which case this Lease shall continue in effect whether or not Lessee shall have abandoned the Premises. In such event, Lessor shall be entitled to enforce all of Lessor's rights and remedies under this Lease, including the right to recover the rent as it becomes due hereunder. iii. Pursue any other remedy now or hereafter available to Lessor under the laws or judicial decision of the state wherein use Premises are located. Unpaid installments of rent and other unpaid monetary obligations of Lessee under the terms of this Lease shall bear interest from the date due at the maximum rate then allowable by law. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 6 c. Default by Lessor: Lessor shall not be in default unless Lessor fails to perform obligations required of Lessor within a reasonable time, but in no event later than thirty (30) days after written notice by Lessee to Lessor and to the holder of any first mortgage of deed of trust covering the Premises whose name and address shall have therefore been furnished to Lessee in writing, specifying wherein Lessor has failed to perform such obligation; provided, however, that if the nature of Lessor's obligation is such that more than thirty (30) days are required for performance then Lessor shall not be in default if Lessor commences performance within such thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently prosecutes the same to completion. In the event Lessor shall neglect or fail to perform or observe any of the covenants, provision or conditions contained in this Lease on its part to be performed or observed within thirty (30) days after written notice of default, or if more than thirty (30) days shall be required because of the nature of the default, if Lessor shall fail to proceed diligently to cure such default after written notice, then in that event, Lessor shall be responsible to Lessee for any and all damages sustained by Lessee as a result of Lessor's breach. d. Late Charges: Lessee hereby acknowledges that late payment by Lessee to Lessor of rent and other sums due hereunder will cause Lessor to incur costs not contemplated by this Lease, the exact amount of which will be extremely difficult to ascertain. Such costs include, but are not limited to processing and accounting charges, and late charges which may be imposed on Lessor by the terms of any mortgage or trust deed covering the Premises. Accordingly, if any installment of rent or any other sum due from Lessee shall not be received by Lessor or Lessor's designee within ten (10) days after such amount shall be due, then, without any requirement for notice to Lessee, Lessee shall pay to Lessor a late charge equal to five percent (5%) of such overdue amount. The parties hereby agree that such late charge represents a fair and reasonable estimate of the costs Lessor will incur by reason of late payment by Lessee. Acceptance of such late charge by Lessor shall in no event constitute a waiver of Lessee's default with respect to such overdue amount, nor prevent Lessor from exercising any of the other rights and remedies granted hereunder. In the event that a late charge is payable hereunder, whether or not collected, for three (3) consecutive installments of rent, then rent shall automatically become due and payable quarterly in advance, rather than monthly, notwithstanding paragraph #2 or any other provision or this Lease to the contrary. 15. ABANDONMENT: If Lessee should abandon, vacate or surrender the Premises or be dispossessed by process of law, in addition to all other remedies of Lessor, Lessor, at its option, may deem that any personal property belonging to Lessee left on the Premises is abandoned and/or Lessor may at once enter upon the Premises and remove therefrom any and all equipment, fixtures and merchandise therein and may sell said fixtures, equipment and merchandise at public or private sale at such price and upon such terms as Lessor may determine, without notice to or demand upon Lessee. Out of the proceeds of such sale, Lessor may reimburse itself for the expense of such taking, removal and sale and for any indebtedness of Lessee to Lessor and the surplus, if any, shall be accounted for to Lessee. 16. DESTRUCTION: RENEWAL: a. In the event of damage or destruction of the Premises or the building and other improvements in which the Premises are located during the term hereof, which Lessor is obligated to repair to substantially the same condition as the Premises or the building or other improvements in which the Premises are located were prior to the damage or destruction by the terms of this Lease, Lessor shall forthwith repair the same, provided such repairs can be made within sixty (60) days of the date of such damage or destruction under the laws and regulations of State, Federal, County of Municipal authorities, but such destruction shall in no way annul or void this Lease, except that Lessee shall be entitled to a proportionate reduction in minimal monthly rent to be based upon the extent to which the making of such repairs shall interfere with the business carried on by Lessee in the Premises. If such repairs cannot be made in sixty (60) days, Lessor may, at its option, make same within a reasonable time, in which event this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, and the monthly rental shall be proportionately abated as aforesaid in this paragraph provided. In the event that Lessor does not so elect to make such repairs which cannot be made within sixty (60) days, this Lease may be terminated at the option of either party. If repairs to the Premises or the building and other improvements in which the Premises are located cannot be made within ninety (90) days of the date of such damage or destruction, so long as Lessee, its agent or representatives are not the cause of such damage or destruction. Lessee shall have the right to terminate this lease. Lessor shall give written notice to Lessee within thirty (30) days of the occurrence of said damage or destruction requiring repair in the event such repairs cannot be made within said sixty (60) days or if repairs can and will be made within ninety (90) days of such damage and destruction. b. In respect to any damage or destruction which Lessor is obligated to repair or may elect to repair under the terms of this paragraph, the provisions of Section 1932, Subdivision 2. and of Section 1933, Subdivision 4 of the Civil Code of the State of California are waived by Lessee. In the event that the building in which the Premises may be situated be damaged or destroyed to the extent of 33-1/3% or more of the replacement cost thereof, Lessor may elect to terminate this Lease, whether the Premises be injured or not. c. Should the parties hereto be unable to agree in writing as to the time required for repair of any such damage or destruction to the Premises or the building and other improvements in which the Premises are located or as to the percentage of damage to the building of which the same are a part, within five (5) days after the happening of said occurrence, or to the extent, if any, of reduction of rental during the period of repair within fifteen (15) Lessor:_Lessee:_ 7 days after the happening of said occurrence, each shall within five (5) days following written notice from either party to such effect, provided such party is not in default or this Lease at such time, select an arbitrator and notify in writing the other of the name and address of the arbitrator so selected. Within five (5) days thereafter the two so selected shall appoint a third arbitrator and notify in writing within said last mentioned time the Lesser and Lessee of the name and address of said appointee, or of their inability to agree upon said appointee, if such should be the fact. In the latter event, the selection of the third arbitrator shall be committed to the Presiding Judge of the Superior Court of the State of California, of the County in which the Premises are located, and such appointment shall be invoked by written request addressed to said Judge signed by Lessor or by Lessee, or their respective counsel, within five (5) days after receipt by the Lessor and Lessee of said notice of inability from said two arbitrators and Lessor and Lessee. When the three arbitrators have been selected in either of the ways above set forth, they shall forthwith convene and determine the issue or issues submitted unto them, and the written determination under the signatures of a majority of said arbitrators shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the parties hereto. Should either party refuse or fall to select an arbitrator within the time as above provided and notify the other party thereof, the arbitrator selected by such other party shall be the sole arbitrator and his decision shall have the same effect as if rendered by a majority of three arbitrators. Save as modified hereby, the provisions of Title IX of Part III of the Code or Civil Procedure of the State of California dealing with the subject or arbitration shall apply. The costs or any arbitration shall be borne equally by the parties except in the instance of refusal of a party to abide thereby, in which event, and should the award be confirmed by judicial order in conformity with the said provisions of said Title, all costs, including those incurred in the court proceeding, shall be assessed against and borne by the disaffirming party. d. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if, at any time during the term hereof, any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Premises or the building of which the Premises are a part shall require the making of any repairs, improvements or alterations to said building or Premises, and Lessor determines to demolish said building or Premises rather than to make said repairs, improvements or alterations, or allow same to be made, Lessor, upon at least ninety (90) days written notice to Lessee shall have the right to terminate this Lease. Upon the date specified in such notice, this Lease shall terminate and Lessor shall have no further liability to Lessee except that: (i) Lessor shall refund to Lessee any unearned rentals and shall return any security deposit, and (ii) in the event Lessor had therefore given written consent to any leasehold improvements upon the Premises made by Lessee and had agrees, in writing, as to the cost thereof to Lessee. Lessor shall pay to Lessee upon such termination that percentage or such cost to Lessee as the number of full calendar months remaining in the original term of this Lease bears to the total number of calendar months in said original term. 17. COSTS OF SUIT: Lessee agrees that if Lessor is involuntarily made a party defendant to any litigation concerning this Lease or the Premises by reason of any act or omission of Lessee and not because of any act or emission of Lessor, then Lessee shall hold harmless the Lessor from all liability by reason thereof, including reasonable attorneys' fees incurred by Lessor in such litigation and all taxable court costs. If legal action shall be brought by either of the parties hereto for the unlawful detainer of the Premises, for the recovery or any rent due under the provisions of this Lease, or because of the breach of any term, covenant, or provision hereof, the party prevailing in said action (Lessor or Lessee as the case may be) shall be entitled to recover from the parry not prevailing costs of suit and a reasonable attorney's fee which shall be fixed by the Judge of the Court. 18. HOLDING OVER: Should Lessee hold over the term hereby created with or without the consent or Lessor, Lessee shall became a tenant from month to month at 125% of the minimal monthly rental paid in the final month of the lease term, and otherwise upon the covenants and conditions in this Lease contained, and shall continue to be such tenant until thirty (30) days after either party hereto serves upon the other written notice of intention to terminate such monthly tenancy. Should such termination occur on any day other than the last day of any rental month, any unearned prepaid rental shall, immediately following surrender of the Premises by Lessee, be refunded unto him. 19. SALE OF PREMISES: In the event of a sale or conveyance by Lessor of the Premises, the same shall operate to release Lessor from any future liability upon any of the covenants or conditions, express or implied, herein contained in favor of Lessee, and in such event Lessee agrees to look solely to the responsibility of the successor in interest of Lessor. If any security be given by Lessee to secure faithful performance of Lessee's covenants in this Lease or any rent shall have been prepaid, Lessor shall transfer the same, as such, to the purchaser of the reversion and thereupon Lessor shall be discharged from any further liability in reference thereto. 20. CONDEMNATION: If any part of the Premises or the building in which the Premises are located (even though no part of the Premiums be taken) be condemned for a public or quasi-public use by right of eminent domain, with or without litigation, or transferred by agreement in connection with such public or quasi-public use, this Lease, as to the part so taken, shall terminate as of the date title shall vest in the condemnor, and the rent payable hereunder shall be adjusted so that Lessee shall be required to pay for the remainder of the term only such portion of such rent as the value of the part remaining after condemnation bears to the value of the entire Premises at the date of condemnation; but in either such event Lessor shall have the option to terminate this Lease as of the date when title to the part so condemned vests in the condemnor. Lessor:_Lessee_ 8 Lessee shall have the right to this lease if: (1) any part of the Premises is taken if such taking renders the remaining portion of such Premises substantially unsuitable for Lessee's continued use therein, and (2) if the building in which the Premises are located, whether or not any part of the Premises are taken, or if the parking areas adjacent to the building or other improvements in which the Premises are located, are taken in which taking renders the Premises substantially unsuitable for Lessee's continued use. If either Lessor or Lessee elects to terminate this lease under this section 20, such Lesser or Lessee must exercise said right to terminate by giving written thirty (30) day notice to the other of such exercise and the date of termination within ten (10) days after the nature and extent of the taking have been finally determined. All compensation for loss of use of premises, not loss of business or other incidental compensation awarded upon such condemnation or taking shall belong and be paid to Lessor and Lessee shall have no claim thereto, and Lessee hereby irrevocably assigns and transfers to Lessor any right to compensation or damages for loss of use of the Premises to which Lessee of Lessor may become entitled during the term hereof by reason of the condemnation of all or part of the Premises. Lessor and Lessee waives the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure section 1265.130 allowing either party to petition the superior court to terminate this Lease in the event of a partial taking of the Premises. 21. SUBORDINATION: a. Within thirty (30) days after the date of execution of this Lease, but in no event later than the lease commencement date, Lessor shall deliver to Lessee a commercially reasonable non-disturbance agreement in form and substance reasonably acceptable to Lessee executed by any ground lessor or lender holding a lien in the Premises. With respect to security devices entered into by the Lessor after the execution of this Lease, Lessee's subordination of this Lease shall be subject to receiving assurance (a "non-disturbance agreement") from the lender that Lessee's possession and this Lease, including any options to extend the term hereof, will not be disturbed so long as Lessee is not in breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Lease and attorns to the owner of record the Premises hereof. b. This Lease, at Lessor's option, shall be subordinate to any ground lease, mortgage, deed of trust, or any other hypothecation or security now or hereafter placed upon the real property of which the Premises are a part and to any and all advances made on the security thereof and to all renewals, modifications, consolidations, replacements and extensions thereof. If any mortgagee, trustee or ground lessor shall elect to have this Lease prior to the lien of its mortgage, deed of trust or ground lease, and shall give written notice thereof to Lessee, this Lease shall be deemed prior to such mortgage deed of trust, or ground lease, whether this Lease is dated prior to or subsequent to the date of said mortgage, deed of trust or ground lease or the date of recording thereof. c. Lessee agrees to execute any documents required to effectuate an attornment, a subordination, or to make this Lease prior to the lien of any mortgage, deed of trust or ground lease, as the case may be. Lessee's failure to execute such documents within ten (10) days after written demand shall constitute a material default by Lessee hereunder, or, at Lessor's option, Lessor shall execute such documents on behalf of Lessee and Lessee's attorney-in-fact. Lessee does hereby make, constitute and irrevocably appoint Lessor as Lessee's attorney-in-fact and in Lessee's name, place and stead, to execute such documents in accordance with this Paragraph 21C. 22. SIGNS: Lessee agrees not to inscribe, paint or affix any signs, advertisements, placards or awnings on the exterior or roof of the Premises or upon the entrance doors, windows, or the sidewalk on or adjacent to the Premises without the written consent of Lessor first obtained. Any signs so placed on the Premises shall be so placed upon the understanding and agreement that Lessee will remove same at the termination of the tenancy herein created and repair any damage or injury to the Premises caused thereby, and if not so removed by Lessee, then Lessor may have same so removed at Lessee's expense. Lessee shall not be allowed to use the name of the building, or words to such effect in connection with any business carried on in the Premises (except as the address of the Lessee) without the written consent of Lessor. Lessor reserves the right to change the name and title of the building at any time during the term of said Lease. Lessee hereby expressly agrees to such change at the option of Lessor and waives any and all damage occasioned thereby. 23. SURRENDER OF LEASE No act or conduct of Lessor, whether consisting of the acceptance of the keys to the Premises, or otherwise, shall be deemed to be or constitute an acceptance of the surrender of the Premises by Lessee prior to the expiration of the term hereof, and such acceptance by Lessor of surrender by Lessee shall only flow from and must be evidenced by a written acknowledgment of acceptance of surrender by Lessor. The voluntary or other surrender of this Lease by Lessee, or a mutual cancellation thereof, shall not work a merger, and shall, at the option of the Lessor, terminate all or any existing subleases of subtenancies, or concessions, or may at the option of Lessor operate as an assignment to him of any or all such subleases or subtenancies or concessions. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 9 24. NOTICES: It is agreed between the parties hereto that any notice required hereunder or by law to be served upon either of the parties shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally upon the other or sent by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed m the above address or to slide other address as may be from drain to time furnished in writing by Lessor to Lessee or by Lessee to Lessor, each of the parties hereto waiving personal or any other service than as in this paragraph provided for. Notice by registered or certified mail shall be deemed to be communicated the second business day from the time of mailing. 25. CUMULATIVE REMEDIES; NON WAIVER: The receipt by Lessor of any rent or payment wide or without knowledge of the breach of any covenant hereof shall not be deemed a waiver of any such breach and no waiver by Lessor of any sum due hereunder or any provision hereof shall be deemed to leave been made unless expressed in writing and signed by Lessor. No delay or omission in the exercise of any right or remedy deeming to Lessor upon any breech by Lessee under this Lease shall impair such right or remedy or be construed as a waiver of any such breach theretofore or hereafter occurring. The waiver by Lessor of any breach of any term, covenant or condition herein contained shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same or any other term, covenant or condition herein contained. All rights, powers, options or remedies afforded to Lessor either hereunder or by law shall be cumulative and not alternative and the exercise of one right, power, option or remedy shall not bar other rights, powers, options or remedies allowed hereto or by law. 26. ADDITIONAL RENT: Any monetary obligations of Lessee to Lessor under the terms of this Lease shall be deemed to be rent. 27. INCORPORATION OF PRIOR AGREEMENTS; AMENDMENTS: This Lease contains all agreements of the parties with respect to any matter mentioned herein. No prior agreement or understanding pertaining to any such matter shall be effective. This Lease may be modified in writing only, signed by the parties in interest at the time of the modification. Except as otherwise stated in this Lease, Lessee hereby acknowledges that neither the Lessor nor any employees or agents of any of said person has made any oral or written warranties or representations to Lessee relative to the condition or use by Lessee of the Premises and Lessee acknowledges that Lessee assumes all responsibility regarding the Occupational Safety Health Act, the legal use and adaptability of the Premises and the compliance thereof with all applicable laws and regulations in effect during the term of this Lease except as otherwise specifically stated in this lease. 28. MULTIPLE TENANT BUILDING: In the event that the Premises are a part or a larger building or group of buildings, then Lessee agrees that it will abide by, keep and observe all reasonable rules and regulations which Lessor may make from time to time for the management, safety, care, and cleanliness of the building and grounds, the parking of the vehicles and the preservation or good order therein as well as for the convenience of other occupants and tenants of the building. The violations of any such rules and regulations shall be deemed a material breach of this Lease by Lessee. 29. SECURITY MEASURES: Lessee hereby acknowledges that the rental payable to Lessor hereunder does not included the cost of guard service or other security measures, and that Lessor shall have no obligation whatsoever to provide same. Lessee assumes all responsibility for the protection of Lessee, its agents and invites the Premises and any property on the Premises from acts of third parties. 30. EASEMENTS: Lessor reserves to itself the right, from time to time, to grant such easements, rights and dedications that Lessor deems necessary or desirable, and to cause the recordation of parcel maps and restrictions, so long as such easements, rights, dedications, maps and restrictions do not unreasonably interfere with the use of the Premises by Lessee. Lessee shall sign any of the aforementioned documents upon request of Lessor and failure to do so shall constitute a material breach of this Lease. 31. PERFORMANCE UNDER PROTEST: If at any time a dispute shall arise as to any amount or sum of money to be paid by one Party to the other under the provisions hereof, the party against whom the obligation to pay the money is asserted shall have the right to make payment "under protest" and such payment shall not be regarded as a voluntary payment, and there shall survive the right on the part of said party to institute suit for recovery of such sum. If it shall be adjudged that there was no legal obligation on the part of said party to pay such sum or any part thereof, said party shall be entitled to recover such sum or so much thereof as it was not legally required to pay under the provisions of this Lease. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 10 32. AUTHORITY: If Lessee is a corporation, trust, or general or limited partnership, each individual executing this Lease on behalf of such entity represents and warrants that he or she is duly authorized to execute and deliver this Lease on behalf of said entity. If Lessee is a corporation, trust, or partnership, Lessee shall, within thirty (30) days after execution of this Lease, deliver to Lessor evidence of such authority satisfactory to Lessor. 33. CONFLICT: Any conflict between the printed provisions of this Lease and the typewritten or handwritten provisions shall be controlled by the typewritten or handwritten provisions. 34. OPTION TO EXTEND: If the Lessee has fully and faithfully kept and performed all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease on the part of the Lessee to be kept and performed, including the full and prompt payments of all rental herein reserved, then Lessee shall have the right, at its option, to renew and extend this Lease for one (1) additional term of five (5) years, to begin at the expiration of the primary term hereof, upon and subject to all the terms and conditions set forth in this lease provided Lessee gives written notice to Lessor of intent to exercise said option at least six (6) months prior to the date of expiration of the term of this Lease. In the event that the Lessee exercises the option hereinabove described, the fixed minimal monthly rental to be charged shall be adjusted in accordance with section 37 herein. 35. MISCELLANEOUS: a. It is agreed by and between the parties hereto that all agreements herein contained upon the part of Lessee, whether technically covenants or conditions, shall be deemed conditions for the purpose hereof, conferring upon lessor, in the event of breach of any of said agreements, the right to terminate this Lease. b. Lessee agrees, at any time and from time to time within ten (10) days of written request from Lessor, to execute, acknowledge and deliver to Lessor a statement in writing certifying that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or if there have been modifications, that the same is in full force and effect as modified, and stating the modifications), and the dates to which the rent and other charges have been paid in advance, if any, it being intended that any such statement delivered pursuant to this paragraph may be relied upon by any prospective purchaser, mortgagee or assignee of any mortgages of the Premises. c. Lessee and Lessee's Guarantor, if any, agree to deliver to Lessor, within thirty (30) days from written request therefore (but not more frequently than once each calendar year), a balance sheet prepared and certified by a Public Accountant or Certified Public Accountant showing the true and accurate net worth of Lessee and said Guarantor, if any, as of the close of Lessee's and the Guarantor's last accounting period. d. In case there is more than one Lessee, the obligation of Lessee executing this Lease shall be joint and several. The words "Lessor" and "Lessee" as used herein shall include the plural as well as the singular. The covenants and agreements contained herein shall be binding upon and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, subject to the restrictions herein imposed on assignment by Lessee. e. Time is of the essence of this Lease and of each and every covenant, condition and provision herein contained. f. The paragraph headings of this Lease are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference, and in no way define, limit or describe the scope or intent of this agreement or any provision thereof or in any way affect this agreement. g. Consent: Wherever in this Lease the consent of one party is required to an act of the other party, such content shall not be unreasonably withheld. h. Guarantor: In the event that there is a Guarantor of this Lease, said Guarantor shall have the same obligations as Lessee under this Lease. i. If any term of or provision of the lease shall, to any extent, be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of the Lease shall not be affected thereby, and each term and provision of this Lease shall be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; it is the intention of the Lessor and Lessee hereto that if any provision of this Lease is capable of two constructions, one of which would render the provision void and the other of which would render the provision valid, then the provision shall have the meaning that renders it valid. j. This lease shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. k. The masculine, feminine, of neuter gender and the singular or plural number shall each include the other whenever the context indicates. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 11 l. This lease is subject to Lessee satisfying itself that it will be able to obtain such permits and licenses as required by governmental agencies for Lessee's use and occupancy of the Premises pursuant to section 4 within fourteen (14) day, of lease execution. m. Lessee's leasing of an additional 5,200 square feet of warehouse space pursuant to Exhibit "B" is subject to Lessee's subleasing or termination or that certain lease agreement on warehouse space, Lessee is currently leasing at 5715 Redwood Drive, Rohnert Park, California within thirty (30) days of lease execution. 36. BROKERS: Meridian Commercial, Inc., represents the Lessor and the Lessee, and Lessor and Lessee consent hereto. 37. COST OF LIVING ADJUSTMENT: Pursuant to section 2 herein, on each of every anniversary following commencement of this Lease, the fixed minimal rental provided for by this Lease shall be adjusted for the ensuing twelve (12) months by the proportion that the Producer Price Index (base year 1967 = 100) for the United States of the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, then most recently published, bears to the Producer Price Index for the month of May 1996. The annual adjustment shall be no more than five (5%) percent greater than the rent for the previous year. In no event shall any adjustment to the fixed minimal rental result in its reduction below the base minimal rent herein provided. Lessor shall make all such adjustments and shall notify Lessee of any changes to the fixed minimum rental provided herein. Lessor shall also provide Lessee with the backup data pertinent to such changes. In case the U.S. Department of Labor shall discontinue the computation and publication of said Producer Price Index or the publication thereof should be delayed so as to prevent its use hereunder at the times required, there shall be substituted therefor by Lessor such other other index or method of ascertaining changes in the price levels as, in the opinion of the Lessor, most closely resembles the Producer Price Index and method of arriving at the index figure by said Bureau. 38. INCREASES IN OPERATING EXPENSES: a. Lessee shall pay to Lessor during the term hereof, in addition to the fixed minimal monthly rent pursuant to sections 2 and 37 of this Lease, Lessee's Share, as hereinafter defined, of the Increases in the Operating Expenses over the Base Year as hereinafter defined. i. "Lessee's Share" is defined, for the purpose of this Lease, is 80.85%. ii. Base Year: The calendar year the which this Lease term commence. iii. Comparison Year: Each calendar year of the term after the Base Year, including the option to extend. iv. "Operating Expenses" is defined, for purposes of this Lease, as all costs incurred by Lessor, if any, for: (1) The operation, repair and maintenance, in neat, clean, good order arid condition of the following: (a) The Common Areas, including, but not limited to, parking areas, loading and unloading areas, trash areas, roadways, sidewalks, walkways, parkways, driveways, landscaped areas, striping, bumpers, irrigation systems, Common Area lighting facilities, and fences and gates, common entrances, common stairwells, common restrooms and common access ways. (b) Lessor's direct cost in providing landscaping service (c) Five (5) percent of the total cost of the Operating Expenses as a fee for its general and administrative expenses (d) Trash disposal services (e) Fire detection systems, including sprinkler maintenance and repair; (f) Security services (g) Any other service to be provided by Lessor that is elsewhere in this Lease stated to be an Operating Expense. (h) Notwithstanding the foregoing Operating Expenses shall not include capital replacements or improvements of or to the items set out in this subparagraph (1). (2) The cost of premiums for the liability and property insurance policies to be maintained by Lessor; (3) The amount of the real property tax to be paid by Lessor, excluding only any penalties for late payment; (4) The cost of water, gas and electricity to service the Common Areas. v. If the Operating Expenses paid or incurred by the Lessor for the Comparison Year are in excess of the Operating Expenses paid or incurred for the Base Year, then the Lessee shall pay 80.85% of the increase. This percentage is that portion of the total rentable area of the Building occupied by the Lessee hereunder. Lessor:_Lessee:_ 12 vi. The inclusion of the improvements, facilities and services set forth herein the definition of the Operating Expense shall not be deemed to impose an obligation upon Lessor to either have said improvements or facilities or to provide those services unless the Building already has the same, Lessor already provides the services or Lessor has agreed elsewhere in this Lease to provide the same or some of them. vii. Lessee's Pro-rata Share of the increases in Operating Expenses shall be payable by Lessee within ten (10) days after a reasonable detailed statement of actual expenses is presented to Lessee by Lessor. At Lessor's option, however, an amount may be estimated by Lessor from time to time of Lessee's Share of increases in Opening Expenses and the same shall be payable monthly or quarterly, as Lessor shall designate, anytime after the first year of the Lease term aforesaid. Lessor shall deliver to Lessee within sixty (60) days after the expiration of each calendar year a reasonably detailed statement showing Lessee's Pro-rata Share of the increases and actual Operating Expenses incurred during the preceding year. If Lessee's payments under this paragraph during said preceding year exceed Lessee's Share as indicated on said statement, Lessee shall be entitled to credit the amount of such overpayment against Lessee's Share of Operating Expense increases next falling due. If Lessee's payments under this paragraph during said preceding year were less than Lessee's Share as indicated an said statement, Lessee shall pay to Lessor the amount of the deficiency within ten (10) days after delivery by Lessor to Lessee of said statement. 39. TENANT IMPROVEMENTS: As a material put of this Lease, Lessor has agreed to make tenant improvements to the premises, up to Sixty Thousand Dollars ($60,000), herein after the "Allowance," per the approved specifications and plans to be attached as Exhibit "C". Lessor's cost of building the improvements per Exhibit "C" to be attached unless modified by Lessee, shall not exceed $60.000.00 including architectural fees, building permits, and new locks on exterior doors. Additionally, in consideration of Lessee leasing an additional 5,200 square feet of warehouse space, as defined in Exhibit "B" attached hereto, and subject to section 35.1 herein, Lessor agrees to provide Lessee an additional allowance of Twenty-Six Thousand Dollars ($26,000.00), herein after the "Additional Allowance", for improvements to the warehouse space pursuant to Exhibit "C" to be attached. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto lave subscribed their names, and if corporations, executed this Lease by officers thereunto duly authorized by resolution of said corporations, in duplicate the day and year first hereinabove written. LESSOR: Condiotti Enterprises, Inc., LESSEE: Work Rite Ergonomic Accessories, A California Corporation Inc., A California Corporation By: /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti By: /s/ Raymond L. Henrickson ----------------------------- --------------------------------- Its: Property Mgr. Its: President ----------------------------- --------------------------------- Date: 2/15/96 Date: 2-14-96 ----------------------------- --------------------------------- Lessor:_Lessee:_ PROPERTY: 77 Digital Drive, Novato, CA, ------------------------------------- HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WARNING: Current and future federal, state, and local laws and regulations may require the clean-up of such toxic, hazardous, or undesirable materials at the expense of those persons who in the past, present, or future have had any interest in the Property Including, but not limited to, current, past, present, and future owners and users of the Property. Lessor and Lessee are advised to consult with independent legal counsel of their choice or other experts, to determine their potential liability. AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: On July 26, 1991, the federal legislation known as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed Into law. The purpose of the ADA is to integrate persons with disabilities into the economic and social mainstream of American life. Title III of the ADA applies to landlords and tenants of "places of public accommodation" and "commercial facilities," and requires that places of public accommodation undertake "readily achievable" removal of communication and access barriers to the disabled. This requirement of Title III of the ADA is effective January 26, 1992. Lessor and Lessee should seek expert advice regarding the implications of the Act as it affects this agreement. LIABILITY RELEASE: Meridian Commercial, Inc., and its salespeople in this transaction, have no expertise regarding hazardous materials or the Americans with Disabilities Act. Lessor and Lessee agree that they shall indemnify and hold Meridian Commercial, Inc., and its salespeople, harmless from any claim, liability, or expense regarding hazardous materials or the ADA. BROKER REPRESENTATION: Meridian Commercial, Inc., is the real estate broker for the Lessor and the Lessee. LESSOR: CONDIOTTI ENTERPRISES LESSEE: WORK-RITE By: /s/ Solomon S. Condioitti By: /s/ Raymond L. Henricksen ---------------------------- ---------------------------- Date: 2/15/96 Title: President ---------------------------- ---------------------------- Date: 2-14-96 ---------------------------- EXHIBIT "A-1" AMENDMENT TO LEASE BY & BETWEEN CONDIOTTI ENTERPRISES, INC., LESSOR AND WORKRITE ERGONOMIC ACCESSORIES, LESSEE DATED: MARCH 21, 1996 1. TENANT IMPROVEMENTS Lessor, at Lessor's sole cost and expense, shall complete the improvements pursuant to the approved plans and specifications prepared by Greg LeDoux and Associates dated February,1996 and the revision dated March 5, 1996. 2. ADDITIONAL RENT In consideration of the Lessor completing the "Tenant Improvements" pursuant to Section 1 herein, Lessee shall pay additional rent for the lease term in the amount of $515.25 per month ($.029 per square foot x 17,735 square feet). Pursuant to Section 2 of the lease agreement, the monthly rent shall be $13,653.50. 3. 5,200 SQUARE FOOT WAREHOUSE Lessee hereby agrees to lease upon the lease commencement date, the 5,200 square foot warehouse space, which is included in the 17,735 square feet, as defined in Exhibit "B" of the lease agreement, and Lessor shall complete the improvements to the 5,200 square foot per the approved plans and specifications. 4. SUBORDINATION Pursuant to Section 21 of the lease agreement Lessee hereby waives its requirement of Lessor to provide Lessee a non-disturbance agreement. All other terms and conditions of the lease agreement by and between the parties shall remain in full force and affect. LESSOR: Condiotti Enterprises, Inc. By: /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti ----------------------------------------- Its: Property Mgr. ----------------------------------------- Date: 4/1/96 ----------------------------------------- LESSEE: Work-Rite Ergonomic Accessories By: /s/ Raymond L. Henricksen ----------------------------------------- Its: President ----------------------------------------- Date: 3-28-96 ----------------------------------------- 2 EXHIBIT "A-1" ADDENDUM This Addendum to Lease dated 2/14/96, and subsequent Addenda, made by and between Condiotti Enterprises, Inc. (Lessor) and Workrite Ergonomic Accessories (Lessee). The parties do hereby desire to amend the Lease as follows: 1. There shall be added to the Lessee's space 1000 square feet of the upstairs premises of 77 Digital Drive, effective 2/15/97 and continuing through the end of the Lease term. 2. Rent for such additional space to be $700.00 per month, due on the first of each month in advance. Rent for the period 2/15-28/97 to be $350.00. 3. All other terms and conditions of the Lease and Addenda not in conflict with the agreements set forth above shall remain in full force and effect. /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti /s/ Raymond L. Henricksen - ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------ Solomon S. Condiotti Workrite Ergonomics Accessories Property Manager, Condiotti Enterprises Raymond L. Henricksen, President ------------------------------------ By 2/5/97 2-3-97 - ----------------------------------- ------------------------------------ Date Date 3 EXHIBIT "A-1" ADDENDUM This Addendum to Lease dated 2/14/96, and subsequent Addenda, made by and between Condiotti Enterprises, Inc. (Lessor) and Workrite Ergonomic Accessories (Lessee). The parties do hereby desire to amend the Lease as follows: 1. There shall be added to the Lessees space 5250 square feet located at 75 Digital Drive, effective 6/01/97 and continuing through the end of the Lease term. 2. Base rent for such additional space to be $2,925.00 per month, due on the first of each month in advance till May 1, 1998. Then subject to CPI as provided for in Paragraph 37 of the Lease. 3. All other terms and conditions of the Lease and Addenda not in conflict with the agreements set forth above shall remain in full force and effect. /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti /s/ Raymon L. Henricksen - ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------- Solomon S. Condiotti Workrite Ergonomics Accessories Property Manager, Condiotti Enterprises ------------------------------------- By 6/4/97 5-28-97 - ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------- Date Date 4 EXHIBIT "A-1" ADDENDUM This Addendum to Lease dated 2/14/96, and subsequent Addenda, made by and between Condiotti Enterprises, Inc. (Lessor) and Workrite Ergonomic Accessories (Lessee). The parties do hereby desire to amend the Lease as follows: 1. The remainder of the space located at 77 Digital Drive shall be added to the Lease effective 10/01/97 and continuing through the end of the Lease term. 2. Rent shall be increased by $1,100.00. The new monthly rent will be $15,881.11 effective 10/01/97. 3. All other terms and conditions of the Lease and Addenda not in conflict with the agreements set forth above shall remain in full force and effect. /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti /s/ Raymond L. Henricksen - --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Solomon S. Condiotti Workrite Ergonomics Accessories Property Manager, Condiotti Enterprises ---------------------------------------- By 10/7/97 10-3-97 - ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- Date Date 5 EXHIBIT "A-1" AMENDMENT #4 TO THAT CERTAIN LEASE AGREEMENT DATED FEBRUARY 14, 1996 BY AND BETWEEN CONDIOTTI ENTERPRISES, INC., LESSOR AND WORKRITE ERGONOMIC ACCESSORIES, LESSEE DATED: MARCH 17, 1996 The following terms and conditions of that certain lease agreement by and between the parties hereto shall be amended as followings; 1. PREMISES: Lessee agrees to lease, and add to its existing lease, 79 Digital Drive, Novato, Ca. (entire building) including the following terms and conditions herein this Amendment to Lease. 2. COMMENCEMENT TERM: The term of the lease for 79 Digital Drive shall commence March 1, 1999 end shall terminate concurrently with the lease termination date of July 31, 2001 for Lessee's existing space at 75 and 77 Digital Drive, Novato, Ca. 3. RENT: The monthly rent for the first year of the lease term at 79 Digital Drive shall be $18,492.90. Upon Lessee's determination that 79 Digital Drive is compatible with Lessee's intended use and occupancy pursuant to section 5 herein Lessee shall deposit with Lessor $5,000 which shall be credited towards the First months rent (March 1999), and shall be due and payable to Lessor upon Lessee's written release of section 5 herein this Amendment. The next installment of rent due end payable to Lessor shall be June 1999 in the amount of $18,492.90 and shall remain the same until May 1, 2000 then the rent shall adjust per section 37 of the lease agreement. Lessee shall have the right to occupy the Premises on a rent free basis for the months of April 1999 and May 1999. The rent shall adjust each year thereafter pursuant to section 37 of the lease agreement. 4. TENANT IMPROVEMENTS: Lessor shall provide Lessee with $75,000 as a tenant improvement allowance for lessee improvements to 79 Digital Drive. Lessee reserves the right to contract for and supervise all such tenant improvements. In addition to the tenant improvement allowance, Lessor shall install, at its sole cost and expense, two (2) additional restrooms (single stall) on the first floor of 79 Digital Drive behind the existing first floor restrooms. 5. SUBJECT TO: Upon execution of this Lease Amendment by Lessor and Lessee, Lessee shall have thirty (30) days to conduct a feasibility study of 79 Digital Drive for Lessee's intended use and occupancy. In the event Lessee determines that 79 Digital Drive is not compatible with Lessee's intended use and occupancy Lessee shall notify Lessor in writing of such incompatibility and this Amendment to Lease shall be of no further force and effect. In the event Lessee determines in said thirty (30) day period that 79 Digital Drive is compatible with Lessee's intended use and occupancy, Lessor shall deposit with Lessor by the end of said thirty(30) day period the sum of $5,000 which shall be credited toward the first month's rent of $18,492.90 and the balance of the final month's rent shall be due and payable to Lessor on or before January 1, 1999. Upon Lessee's release of this condition herein section 5 this Amendment to Lease shall be in full force and effect. 6. RELEASE OF SPACE: Upon execution of this agreement Lessee shall have during the term of the lease period at its sole discretion the right to terminate its lease for all of those premises Lessee is leasing from Lessor at 75 Digital Drive upon giving Lessor sixty (60) days prior written notice of the same. Thereafter Lessee shall have no further obligation with 75 Digital Drive. All other terms and conditions of that certain lease dated February 14, 1996 shall remain in full force and effect. 6 LESSOR: CONDIOTTI ENTERPRISES, INC. LESSEE: WORK-RITE ACCESSORIES, INC. By: /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti By: /s/ Raymond L. Henricksen ------------------------------- -------------------------------- Its: Property Manager Its: President ------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: 3/23/98 Date: 3-17-98 ------------------------------- ------------------------------ 7 EXHIBIT "A-1" CONTINGENCY RELEASE DATED APRIL 22, 1998 Work-Rite Accessories, Inc, hereby releases its contingencies pursuant to "Section 5. Subject to" in the Amendment #4 To That Certain Lease Agreement Dated February 14, 1996 by and Between Condiotti Enterprises, Inc., Lessor and Work-Rite Accessories, Inc., Lessee, Dated March 17, 1998, upon the following terms and conditions which shall include the following amendment to section 4 "Tenant Improvements"; Lessor shall not be required to install two additional restrooms on the first floor at 79 Digital Dr. Lessor shall, at its sole cost and expense, convert the existing two single stall restrooms at 77 Digital Dr. on the first floor into one larger restroom with two stalls and one sink, and one new restroom with two stalls, one urinal and one sink. All other terms and conditions of the Lease Agreement and Amendments shall remain the same. LESSOR: Condiotti Enterprises By: /s/ Solomon S. Condiotti --------------------------------------- Title: Property Manager --------------------------------------- Date: 4/22/98 --------------------------------------- LESSEE: Work-Rite Ergonomic Accessories, Inc. By: /s/ Raymond L. Henricksen --------------------------------------- Title: President --------------------------------------- Date: 4-22-98 --------------------------------------- @ 8 EXHIBIT "A-2" ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF AGREEMENT THIS ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF LEASE AGREEMENT ("Assignment") is entered into on April 30, 2001, by and among WORKRITE ERGONOMIC ACCESSORIES, INC., a Delaware corporation, as assignor ("Assignor" or "Tenant"), and GATEWAY FINANCIAL CORPORATION, a California corporation, as assignee ("Assignee") and Condiotti Enterprises, Inc., a California corporation, as landlord ("Landlord"). RECITALS A. Landlord, and Assignor, as tenant, executed that certain Lease dated February 14, 1996, an addendum dated February 14, 1996, an amendment dated March 21, 1996, a second amendment dated February 3, 1997, a third amendment dated May 28, 1997, an amendment dated October 3, 1997, and a "fourth" [sic] amendment dated March 17, 1998, (collectively, the "Lease"), a copy of which is attached as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by reference, pursuant to which Landlord leased to Tenant and Tenant leased from Landlord the Premises. The term "Premises" includes 5250 square feet in 75 Digital Drive, Novato, California; 20,446 square feet in 77 Digital Drive and 25,658 square feet in 79 Digital Drive. B. The current rental rates for various portions of the Premises are as follows: 9
- ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- Building Type Square footage Rent sq. ft. per month* - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- 75 Digital Warehouse Office 5,250 N/A Deleted EAC - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- 77 Digital Warehouse Office 13,000 Deleted EAC 7,446 - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------------- 79 Digital Warehouse Office 15,262 Deleted EAC 10,396 - ---------------- ------------------- --------------------- ----------------
*All rental rates are subject to escalation as provided in the Lease; the next increase takes effect May 1. C. Assignor desires to assign the Lease to Assignee, and Assignee desires to accept the assignment of the Lease from Assignor and assume all obligations under the Lease. THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are acknowledged, Assignor and Assignee agree as follows: 1. Extension of Term: Landlord and Tenant agree that the term of the Lease has been extended to July 31, 2006, and Paragraph 34 of the Lease has been fully executed. 2. Assignment: As of August 1, 2001 ("Effective Date") Assignor assigns and transfers to Assignee all right, title and interest in and to the Lease, and Assignee accepts from Assignor all right, title and interest in and to the Lease, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein. 3. Assumption of Lease Obligations: As of the Effective Date, Assignee assumes and agrees to perform and fulfill all past, present and future terms, covenants, conditions and obligations required to be performed and fulfilled by Assignor, 10 as Tenant, under the Lease, including, without limitation, making all payments due to or payable on behalf of Assignor under the Lease. 4. Assignor's and Landlord's Covenants: (a) Assignor and Landlord each acknowledges and covenants that the copy of the Lease attached as Exhibit A is a true and accurate copy of the Lease as currently in effect and that there exists no other agreement affecting Assignor's tenancy under the Lease. (b) Assignor and Landlord each covenants that the Lease is in full force and effect and that no defaults exist under the Lease, nor any acts or events which, with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both, could become defaults. (c) Landlord represents and warrants that it is the sole owner in fee simple of the properties on which the Premises are located. 5. Security Deposit: As of the Effective Date, Assignor assigns all right in any security deposits held by Landlord to Assignee. 6. Discharge of Assignor: Assignor shall be discharged from any liability under the Lease for any duty or obligation arising after the Effective Date. 7. Limitation on Further Assignment or Subletting: In addition to compliance with all terms and conditions governing assignment or subletting under the Lease, Assignee shall not assign or sublet the Premises or any portion thereof to an 11 assignee or sublessee for any rental amounts which are less than the amounts then being charged under the Lease. Furthermore, in no event shall Landlord be required to consent to recognition of an assignee or sublessee or to grant any further extension of the term of the Lease, other than as provided in the Lease. 8. Guaranty: Landlord's consent to this Assignment is conditioned on and made subject to the delivery of a signed guaranty from Edmund J. Coyne in the form attached to this Assignment as Exhibit B and incorporated by this reference. 9. Litigation costs: If any litigation between Assignor and Assignee arises out of this Assignment or concerning the meaning of interpretation of this Assignment, the losing party shall pay the prevailing party's costs and expenses of this litigation, including, without limitation, reasonable attorney fees. 10. Indemnification: Assignor indemnifies Assignee from and against any loss, cost, or expense, including attorney fees and court costs, relating to the default of Assignor to fulfill Assignor's obligations under the Lease, and accruing with respect to the period on or prior to the Effective Date. Assignee indemnifies Assignor from and against any loss, cost, or expense, including attorney fees and court costs, relating to the default of Assignee to fulfill obligations under the Lease, and accruing with respect to the period subsequent to the Effective Date. 11. Successors and Assigns: This Assignment shall be binding on and inure to the benefit of the parties to it, their 12 heirs, executors, administrators, successors in interest, and, assigns. 12. Governing Law: This Assignment shall be governed by and construed in accordance with California law. The parties have executed this Assignment as of the date first mentioned above. "ASSIGNOR" "ASSIGNEE" WORKSITE ERGONOMIC ACCESSORIES, GATEWAY FINANCIAL CORPORATION, INC., a Delaware corporation a California corporation By /s/ illegible By /s/ Ed Coyne ---------------------------- -------------------------------------- Its President Its President ---------------------------- ------------------------------------- THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS ASSIGNMENT ARE AGREED AND CONSENTED TO: "LANDLORD" Condiotti Enterprises, Inc., a California corporation By /s/illegible --------------------------- Its VP-CFO ---------------------------
EX-10 8 exhibit_10-26.txt SYNAPSE ACQUISITION AGREEMENT EXHIBIT 10.26 SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT FOR PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT BY AND AMONG BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. A DELAWARE CORPORATION BIOMARIN DELIVERY CANADA INC. A CORPORATION EXISTING UNDER THE LAWS OF CANADA AND SYNAPSE TECHNOLOGIES INC. A CORPORATION EXISTING UNDER THE LAWS OF CANADA DATED: FEBRUARY 4, 2002 Execution Version SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT FOR PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT This SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT FOR PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT (this "Agreement"), dated as of February 4, 2002, is entered into by and among BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., a Delaware corporation ("BioMarin"), BioMarin Delivery Canada Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of Canada ("Newco") and Synapse Technologies Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of Canada (the "Company"). RECITALS A. Newco is a wholly-owned Subsidiary of BioMarin Holdings (Nova Scotia) Company, an unlimited liability company existing under the Companies Act (Nova Scotia) and an indirectly owned Subsidiary of BioMarin ("BioMarin Nova Scotia"). B. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with the Canada Business Corporations Act (the "CBCA"), BioMarin, Newco and the Company intend to enter into a business combination transaction by way of the Arrangement whereby immediately following the Effective Time, each outstanding Company Common Share and Company Preferred Share that is not held by a holder who has exercised its Dissenters' Rights and is ultimately entitled to be paid the fair value of its shares shall be exchanged for BioMarin Common Shares as set forth herein and one (1) Exchangeable Share. C. The Board of Directors: (i) has commissioned an opinion from Capital West Partners that the Arrangement is fair to the shareholders of the Company from a financial point of view; (ii) has determined that the Arrangement is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders; (iii) has unanimously approved this Agreement, the Arrangement and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (iv) has determined to recommend that the shareholders of the Company adopt and approve the Arrangement. D. The parties intend, by executing this Agreement, to adopt a plan of reorganization which shall qualify, in certain respects, for an election pursuant to Section 85(1) of the Income Tax Act (Canada). E. BioMarin, the Company and BioMarin Pharmaceutical Delivery Nova Scotia Company, an unlimited liability company under the laws of Nova Scotia ("Delivery"), previously entered into that certain Agreement for Plan of Arrangement dated December 21, 2001 (the "Original Agreement"), which was subsequently amended and restated by such parties by that certain Amended and Restated Agreement for Plan of Arrangement dated January 14, 2002 (the "First Amendment Agreement"). F. Pursuant to that certain letter agreement dated as of the date hereof, by and among BioMarin, Delivery, Newco and the Company, Delivery was released as a party to the First Amendment Agreement and the Company Ancillary Agreement, and BioMarin Delivery Canada Execution Version Inc. was substituted as "Newco" under the First Amendment Agreement and the Company Ancillary Agreement. G. BioMarin, Newco and the Company hereby desire to amend and restate in its entirety the First Amendment Agreement upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the respective covenants and promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS 1.1 Defined Terms. As used herein, the terms below shall have the following meanings. Any of such terms, unless the context otherwise requires, may be used in the singular or plural, depending upon the reference. All accounting terms defined in this Article I and those accounting terms used in this Agreement and not defined in this Article I shall, except as otherwise provided for herein, be construed in accordance with Canadian GAAP. References herein to an "Article," an "Annex," a "Section," a "Schedule" or an "Exhibit" are, unless otherwise specified herein, references to an Article of, an Annex attached to, a Section of, or a Schedule or an Exhibit attached to, this Agreement or the Company Ancillary Agreement, respectively. All references to currency herein, unless otherwise indicated, shall be deemed to be in Canadian dollars, and any required conversions of U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars shall be made at an agreed upon exchange rate of 0.6397 U.S. Dollars to one (1) Canadian dollar. "Action" shall mean any action, claim, suit, litigation, proceeding, labor dispute, arbitral action, governmental audit, governmental inquiry (including any request for information), criminal prosecution, investigation or unfair labor practice charge or complaint. "Affiliate" shall mean, as to any one Person, another Person which directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person. "Arrangement" shall mean an arrangement under Section 192 of the CBCA on the terms and subject to the conditions set out in this Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement, subject to any amendments or variations thereto made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement or made at the direction of the Court in the Final Order. "Arrangement Resolution" means the special resolution of the holders of shares of each class of the Company's Stock to be substantially in the form and content of Exhibit A annexed hereto. "Articles of Arrangement" means the Articles of Arrangement of the Company in respect of the Arrangement that are required by the CBCA to be sent to the Director after the Final Order is made. 2 Execution Version "Assets" shall mean the assets and property owned or used by the Company. "Balance Sheet" shall mean the audited balance sheet of the Company as of September 30, 2001 included in the Financial Statements. "Balance Sheet Date" shall mean September 30, 2001. "BioMarin Common Shares" shall mean shares of BioMarin's Common Stock, par value U.S.$0.001 per share. "Board of Directors" shall mean the board of directors of the Company. "Books and Records" shall mean (i) all records and lists pertaining to the Company, or to customers, suppliers or personnel of the Company, (ii) all product, business and marketing plans of the Company and (iii) all books, ledgers, files, reports, plans, drawings and operating records of every kind maintained by the Company. "Canadian GAAP" shall mean Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. "Canadian Securities Legislation" shall mean the statutory securities laws in each province of Canada in which shareholders of the Company reside, together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, together with the rules, policies, orders and requirements of the securities regulatory authorities in each such province. "CBCA" means the Canada Business Corporations Act as now in effect and as may be amended from time to time prior to the Effective Date. "Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder. "Commissions" shall mean the securities commissions which administer Canadian Securities Legislation. "Company Ancillary Agreement" shall mean that certain amended and restated ancillary agreement which is incorporated herein by reference containing certain exhibits regarding closing deliveries to be made by the parties in order to consummate the Transactions, certain schedules attached thereto as referenced herein and specific additions and exceptions to the representations and warranties made by the Company in Article IV of this Agreement, by and among BioMarin, Newco and the Company as of the date of this Agreement. "Company Common Shares" shall mean the common shares of the Company as currently constituted. "Company Intellectual Property" shall mean any and all Intellectual Property used in, necessary to the conduct of or being developed by or for the Company's business. 3 Execution Version "Company Preferred Shares" shall mean the preferred shares, Series 1 of the Company as currently constituted. "Company Shareholders" shall mean the holders of all of the Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares. "Company Shareholders Meeting" shall mean the special meeting of Company Shareholders, including any adjournment thereof, to be called and held in accordance with the Interim Order to consider the Arrangement. "Company Stock Option Plan" means the Company's 1998 stock option plan, including all amendments thereto. "Company Stock Options" shall mean all stock options granted by the Company under the Company Stock Option Plan which are outstanding and vested at the Effective Time. "Company Technology" shall have the meaning set forth in the Exchangeable Shares Terms. "Company Warrants" means all outstanding warrants to purchase Company Common Shares. "Contract" shall mean any oral or written agreement, contract, note, loan, evidence of indebtedness, guaranty, purchase order, letter of credit, indenture, security or pledge agreement, franchise agreement, capital or operating Lease, undertaking, covenant not to compete, employment agreement, license, instrument, obligation or commitment, to which the Company is a party or otherwise bound. "Court" shall mean the Supreme Court of British Columbia. "Court Order" shall mean any judgment, decision, consent decree, injunction, ruling or order of any Governmental Authority that is binding on any Person or its property under applicable law. "Damages" shall mean all costs, losses, Taxes, Liabilities, damages, lawsuits, demands, and expenses (whether or not arising out of third-party claims), including, without limitation, interest, fines, penalties, costs of mitigation, losses in connection with any Environmental Law (including, without limitation, any clean-up or remedial action), losses in connection with any Health Law, other losses resulting from any shutdown or curtailment of operations, attorneys' fees and all amounts paid in investigation, defense or settlement of any of the foregoing. "Default" shall mean (i) a breach of or default under any Contract, (ii) the occurrence of an event that with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would constitute a breach of or default under any Contract, or (iii) the occurrence of an event that with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would give rise to a right of termination or acceleration under any Contract. 4 Execution Version "Director" shall mean the director appointed pursuant to the CBCA. "Effective Date" shall mean the date shown on the certificate of arrangement to be issued by the Director under the CBCA giving effect to the Arrangement. "Effective Time" has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Plan of Arrangement. "Encumbrance" shall mean any claim, lien, pledge, option, charge, easement, restriction, security interest, deed of trust, mortgage, right-of-way, encroachment, building or use restriction, conditional sales agreement, encumbrance or other right of third parties, whether voluntarily incurred or arising by operation of law, and includes, without limitation, any agreement to give any of the foregoing in the future. "Environmental Law" shall mean any applicable Regulation which regulates or relates to the protection or clean-up of the environment, the use, treatment, storage, transportation, generation, manufacture, processing, distribution, handling or disposal of, or emission, discharge or other release or threatened release of, Hazardous Substances, the preservation or protection of waterways, groundwater, drinking water, air, wildlife, plants or other natural resources, or the health and safety of persons or property, including, without limitation, protection of the health and safety of employees. "Exchangeable Shares" shall mean the Class A preferred shares of Newco without nominal or par value in the capital of Newco with the rights and preferences set forth on Exhibit B hereto (the "Exchangeable Shares Terms"). "Exchange Act" shall mean the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "Exchange Ratio" means the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the amount, as converted to U.S. dollars, by which the aggregate stated capital of the Company of $15,914,752 (as such stated capital may be increased by the aggregate cash exercise prices actually received by the Company after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Effective Time from the exercise of any Company Stock Options outstanding as of the date of this Agreement pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Option Plan and the related option agreements) exceeds the Preferred Return Amount, divided by the total number of issued and outstanding Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares at the Effective Time, by (ii) U.S.$11.50 rounded to the nearest seven decimal places. "Fair Market Value" shall mean the average of the closing prices of one (1) BioMarin Common Share on Nasdaq over the twenty (20) business day period concluding on the date for which the "Fair Market Value" is being determined. The term "business day" as used in the immediately preceding sentence means business days on which Nasdaq is open for trading. "Final Order" shall mean the final order of the Court approving the Arrangement as such order may be amended at any time prior to the Effective Date or, if appealed, then, unless such appeal is withdrawn or denied, as affirmed. 5 Execution Version "Financial Statements" shall mean the audited balance sheets of the Company as of September 30, 2001, 2000 and 1999 and the related audited statements of loss and deficit and cash flows for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2001, 2000 and 1999. "Governmental Authority" shall mean any local, state, federal or foreign (i) court, (ii) government or (iii) governmental department, commission, instrumentality, administrative body, board, agency or authority, including any taxing authority. "Hazardous Substance" shall mean any pollutant, contaminant, chemical, waste and any toxic, infectious, carcinogenic, reactive, corrosive, ignitable or flammable chemical or chemical compound or hazardous substance, material or waste, whether solid, liquid or gas, including, without limitation, any quantity of asbestos in any form, urea formaldehyde, PCB's, radon gas, crude oil or any fraction thereof, all forms of natural gas, petroleum products or by-products or derivatives, radioactive substance or material, pesticide waste waters, sludge, slag and any other substance, material or waste that is subject to regulation, control or remediation under any Environmental Law. "Health Laws" shall mean any applicable Regulations which regulate or relate to health and human safety. "HSR Act" shall mean the United States Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder. "Insurance Policies" shall mean the insurance policies of the Company, including but not limited to its policies or binders of fire, liability, property, title, worker's compensation, product liability and other forms of insurance. "Intellectual Property" shall mean any or all of the following and all rights in, arising out of, or associated therewith: (i) all United States, Canadian and other patents (including utility models, supplementary protection certificates and applications therefor) and all reissues, divisions, renewals, extensions, provisionals, continuations and continuations-in-part thereof, and equivalent or similar rights anywhere in the world in inventions and discoveries ("Patents"); (ii) all inventions (whether patentable or not), improvements, trade secrets, proprietary information, know-how, technology, technical data and customer lists, and all documentation embodying or evidencing any of the foregoing ("Trade Secrets"); (iii) all copyrights, copyright registrations and applications therefor and all other rights corresponding thereto throughout the world ("Copyrights"); (iv) all mask works, mask work registrations and applications therefor, and any equivalent or similar rights in semiconductor masks, layouts, architectures or topology ("Maskworks"); (v) all industrial designs and any registrations and applications therefor throughout the world; (vi) all trade names, logos, common law trademarks and service marks, trademark and service mark registrations and applications therefor and all goodwill associated therewith throughout the world ("Trademarks"); (vii) all rights in databases and data collections throughout the world; (viii) all Software; and (ix) any similar, corresponding or equivalent rights to any of the foregoing anywhere in the world. "Interim Order" means the interim order of the Court in respect of the Arrangement, as contemplated by Section 2.1. 6 Execution Version "Knowledge" of any party to this Agreement with respect to any fact or other matter shall mean either that (i) such individual is actually aware of such fact or other matter or (ii) a prudent individual could be expected to discover or otherwise become aware of such fact or other matter in the course of conducting a reasonably comprehensive investigation concerning the existence of such fact or other matter. "Leases" shall mean any lease with respect to personal or real property to which the Company is a party. "Liabilities" shall mean any direct or indirect liability, indebtedness, obligation, commitment, expense, claim, deficiency, guaranty or endorsement of or by any Person of any type, whether accrued, absolute, contingent, matured, unmatured or other. "Management Information Circular" shall mean the notice of the Company Shareholders Meeting, the accompanying management information circular and form of proxy to be sent to holders of Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares in connection with the Company Shareholders Meeting, including all appendices thereto. "Material Adverse Effect" or "Material Adverse Change" shall mean, (i) with respect to the Company, any change, effect, event or occurrence that has, or is reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate with other changes, effects, events or occurrences, a material adverse impact on the business, financial position, assets, results of operations or prospects of the Company, and (ii) with respect to BioMarin, any change, effect, event or occurrence that has, or is reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate with other changes, effects, events or occurrences, a material adverse impact on the business, financial position, assets, results of operations or prospects of BioMarin and its Subsidiaries, taken together as a whole; provided, however, that a Material Adverse Effect or Material Adverse Change with respect to either the Company or BioMarin shall not include any change or effect resulting from significant downward movement in the U.S. or Canadian financial markets. "New BioMarin Product" shall have the meaning set forth in the Exchangeable Shares Terms. "Ordinary Course" shall mean with respect to any party hereto, the ordinary course of the business conducted by that party consistent with the past practice of that party. "Organizational Documents" shall mean the Company's Articles, By-laws, shareholder agreements, agreements providing for rights of first refusal, preemptive rights or options with respect to the purchase of stock, other securities or assets, and all other documents and contracts, and all amendments and supplements to any of the foregoing, relating to the organization, ownership, management or structure of the Company. "Permits" shall mean all certificates of need, licenses, permits, franchises, approvals, authorizations, consents or orders of, or filings with, any Governmental Authority necessary for the conduct of, or relating to the Company. 7 Execution Version "Permitted Encumbrances" shall mean liens for any Taxes not yet due and payable as to which adequate reserves have been established in the Books and Records, including, without limitation, on the Balance Sheet. "Person" shall mean any natural person, corporation, business trust, association, company, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, Governmental Authority and any other entity. "Plan of Arrangement" shall mean the plan of arrangement substantially in the form and content of Exhibit C annexed hereto and any amendments or variations thereto made in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement or made at the direction of the Court in the Final Order and which are acceptable to BioMarin and the Company. "Preferred Exchange Ratio" means the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Preferred Return Amount, as converted to U.S. dollars, divided by the total number of issued and outstanding Company Preferred Shares at the Effective Time by (ii) U.S.$11.50, rounded to the nearest seven decimal places. "Preferred Return Amount" shall mean $10,021,328, which amount is four (4) times the aggregate stated capital of the Company Preferred Shares at the date of this Agreement. "Regulations" shall mean any laws, statutes, ordinances, regulations, rules, notice requirements, court decisions, agency guidelines, and orders of any Governmental Authority. "Representative" shall mean any officer, director, principal, attorney, agent, employee, consultant or other representative. "SEC" shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. "Securities Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. "Securities Exemption Orders" shall mean orders of the Commissions exempting the trades contemplated by the Plan of Arrangement from the registration and prospectus requirements of applicable Canadian Securities Legislation, including but not limited to the distribution of Exchangeable Shares and BioMarin Common Shares as the case may be, the distribution of any securities upon the conversion or exchange of such securities in accordance with their terms (including in connection with the exchange of the Company Stock Options and Company Warrants), or the resale by holders of any securities distributed to them pursuant to the Arrangement or upon the conversion or exercise of any security issued to them pursuant to the Plan of Arrangement, including but not limited to the resale of BioMarin Common Shares. "Significant Business Associate" shall mean any Person (other than the Company or any employee of the Company) with which the Company has consummated or entered into any Contract providing for, or with respect to which the Company has performed, any transaction or series of similar transactions involving since January 1, 2001 Liabilities of at least $50,000 to the Company or any such transaction or series of transactions currently proposed or anticipated involving at least such amount. 8 Execution Version "Software" shall mean computer software, programs and databases in any form, including Internet web sites, web content and links, Uniform Resource Locators, domain names, source code, object code, operating systems and specifications, data, databases, database management code, utilities, graphical user interfaces, menus, images, icons, forms, methods of processing, software engines, platforms and data formats, all versions, updates, corrections, enhancements and modifications thereof and all related documentation, developer notes, comments and annotations. "Stock" of any Person shall mean capital stock, membership or economic interests or participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, securities exchangeable for or convertible into any of the foregoing and options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal and all other rights to acquire any of the foregoing. "Subsidiary" shall mean, with respect to any non-natural Person, any other non-natural Person in which such non-natural Person then owns directly or indirectly Stock possessing 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of Stock of such other non-natural Person. "Tax" shall mean any tax, levy, impost, fee, assessment or other government charge, including, without limitation, income, estimated income, business, occupation, franchise, property, payroll, personal property, sales, transfer, use, employment, commercial rent, occupancy, franchise or withholding taxes, and any premium, including, without limitation, interest, penalties and additions, in connection therewith. "Tax Return" shall mean any return (including any information return), report, statement, schedule, notice, form, or other document or information filed with or submitted to, or required to be filed with or submitted to, any Governmental Authority in connection with the determination, assessment, collection, or payment of any Tax or in connection with the administration, implementation, or enforcement of or compliance with any Regulation relating to any Tax. "Technology and Know-How" shall mean all Trade Secrets, engineering information, specifications, designs, drawings, processes and quality control data, computer hardware, management information systems, Software and any other intangible property and applications for the same used or held for use by the Company. "Transactions" shall mean the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. "U.S. GAAP" shall mean United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied. 1.2 Other Defined Terms. The following terms shall have the meanings defined for such terms in the Sections set forth below: Term Section Agreement Preamble 9 Execution Version Term Section Ancillary Agreements 8.7 BioMarin Preamble BioMarin Nova Scotia Recital A BioMarin Option 2.11(a) BioMarin Option Plan 2.11(a) BioMarin SEC Documents 5.4 BioMarin Warrant 2.11(b) CBCA Recital B Certificates 2.7(a) Claim 9.2(d) Claim Notice 9.2(d) Closing 3.1(a) Company Preamble Company Option Plans 4.2 Company Stock Options 4.2 Confidential Information 10.13 Delivery Preamble Dispute 10.5(a) Dispute Notice 10.5(a) Dissenters' Rights 2.5(a) Dissenting Shares 2.5(a) Employee Plans 4.20 Escrow 2.7(d) Escrow Agreement 2.7(d) Escrowed Shares 2.7(d) First Amendment Agreement Preamble General Release 8.6 Material Breach 10.1(a)(iii) New Company Products 6.6 Original Agreement Preamble Other Filings 6.7(a) Proposed Acquisition Transaction 6.2(a) Report 6.4(b) Required Company Shareholder Vote 2.2(b) Shareholders' Representative 2.7(d)(ii) Shareholders' Representative Agreement 2.7(d)(ii) Suspension Period 2.6(b)(ii) Termination Date 10.1(a) Warrant Holder 2.11(b) Warrant Shares 2.11(b) 10 Execution Version ARTICLE II THE ARRANGEMENT 2.1 Implementation Steps by the Company. The Company covenants in favor of BioMarin and Newco that the Company shall: (a) as soon as reasonably practicable, apply in a manner acceptable to BioMarin under Section 192 of the CBCA for the Interim Order, and thereafter proceed with and diligently pursue the obtaining of the Interim Order; (b) convene and hold the Company Shareholders Meeting for the purpose of considering the Arrangement Resolution (and for any other proper purpose as may be set out in the notice for such meeting); (c) subject to obtaining such shareholder approval as is required by the CBCA and the Interim Order, diligently pursue the application to the Court for the Final Order; and (d) subject to obtaining the Final Order and the satisfaction or waiver of the other conditions herein contained in favor of the Company, file with the Director Articles of Arrangement and such other documents as may be required in connection therewith under the CBCA to give effect to the Arrangement. 2.2 Interim Order. The notice of motion for the application referred to in Section 2.1(a) shall request that the Interim Order provide: (a) for the class or classes of Persons to whom notice is to be provided in respect of the Arrangement and the Company Shareholders Meeting and for the manner in which such notice is to be provided; (b) that the requisite shareholder approval for the Arrangement Resolution shall be 66 2/3% of the votes cast on the Arrangement Resolution by holders of Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares, in each case voting separately as a class and present in Person or by proxy at the Company Shareholders Meeting (the "Required Company Shareholder Vote"); (c) that, in all other respects, the terms, restrictions and conditions of the by-laws and articles of the Company, including quorum requirements and all other matters, shall apply in respect of the Company Shareholders Meeting; and (d) for the grant of the Dissenters' Rights. 2.3 Effect of the Arrangement. At the Effective Time, the effect of the Arrangement shall be as provided in this Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement and the applicable provisions of the CBCA. 11 Execution Version 2.4 Effect on Capital Stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, at the Effective Time, by virtue of the Arrangement, the following shall occur: (a) Exchange of Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares. A part of each Company Preferred Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than any Dissenting Shares (as defined in and to the extent provided in Section 2.5), will be automatically exchanged (subject to Section 2.4(d)) for the right to receive the product of (X) one (1) BioMarin Common Share multiplied by (Y) the Preferred Exchange Ratio. Each Company Common Share and a part of each Company Preferred Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than any Dissenting Shares (as defined in and to the extent provided in Section 2.5) will be automatically exchanged (subject to Section 2.4(d)) for (i) the right to receive the product of (X) one (1) BioMarin Common Share multiplied by (Y) the Exchange Ratio and (ii) one Exchangeable Share. After giving effect to the two foregoing sentences, each Company Common Share and each Company Preferred Share shall have been exchanged in full. Section 2.4 of the Company Ancillary Agreement sets forth the number of BioMarin Common Shares issuable pursuant to this Agreement to each Company Shareholder based upon the Exchange Ratio and the Preferred Exchange Ratio; provided, however, in the event that the Exchange Ratio is recalculated as a result in any increase in the stated capital of the Company by the aggregate cash exercise prices actually received by the Company after the date of the this Agreement and prior to the Effective Time from the exercise of any Company Stock Options outstanding as of the date of this Agreement pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Option Plan and the related option agreements, then the parties acknowledge and agree that Section 2.4 of the Company Ancillary Agreement shall be correspondingly updated. (b) Stock Options. At the Effective Time, options to purchase Company Common Shares then outstanding and vested under any Company Option Plan shall be assumed or replaced by BioMarin in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof. (c) Warrants. At the Effective Time, the Company Warrants then outstanding shall be replaced by BioMarin in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof. (d) Fractional Shares. No fraction of a share of an Exchangeable Share or a BioMarin Common Share will be issued by virtue of the Arrangement. In lieu of any fractional BioMarin Common Share, each holder of Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares who would otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of a BioMarin Common Share (after aggregating all fractional shares of BioMarin Common Shares that otherwise would be received by such holder) shall, upon surrender of such holder's Certificates(s) (as defined in Section 2.6) receive from Newco an amount of cash (rounded to the nearest whole cent), without interest, equal to the product of such fraction, multiplied by U.S.$11.50. 2.5 Dissenting Shares. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the shares of any holder of Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares who has demanded and perfected appraisal and dissent rights ("Dissenters' Rights") in respect of such Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares in accordance with the Interim Order 12 Execution Version or the CBCA and who, as of the Effective Time, has not effectively withdrawn or lost such appraisal and dissent rights ("Dissenting Shares"), shall not be converted into or represent a right to receive Exchangeable Shares or BioMarin Common Shares pursuant to Section 2.4, but the holder thereof shall only be entitled to such rights as are granted by the Interim Order or the CBCA, as the case may be. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), if any holder of Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares who demands appraisal of such shares under the CBCA shall effectively withdraw (or otherwise by law not be entitled to) the right to appraisal, then, as of the Effective Time, such holder's shares shall automatically be converted into and represent only the right to receive Exchangeable Shares and BioMarin Common Shares, as the case may be, without interest thereon, upon surrender of the certificate representing such shares. (c) The Company shall give BioMarin (i) prompt notice of any written demands for appraisal of any Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares, withdrawals of such demands, and any other instruments served pursuant to the CBCA and received by the Company which relate to any such demand for appraisal and (ii) the opportunity to participate in all negotiations and proceedings which take place prior to the Effective Time with respect to demands for appraisal and dissent under the CBCA. The Company shall not, except with the prior written consent of BioMarin, voluntarily make any payment with respect to any demands for appraisal of Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares or offer to settle or settle any such demands. 2.6 Securities Compliance; Registration. (a) Securities Compliance. BioMarin shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain any and all orders required from the Commissions in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario to permit the issuance and first resale of (a) BioMarin Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares issued pursuant to the Arrangement, (b) the BioMarin Common Shares, if any, to be issued upon exchange of the Exchangeable Shares from time to time, and (c) the BioMarin Common Shares to be issued from time to time upon exercise of the BioMarin Options and BioMarin Warrants, in each case without qualification with or approval of or the filing of any prospectus or similar document or the taking of any other proceeding in connection therewith. (b) Registration. (i) In the event that Newco or BioMarin Nova Scotia determines to deliver its Redemption Price or Redemption Call Purchase Price (as such terms are defined in the Exchangeable Shares Terms) by issuing BioMarin Common Shares to the Company Shareholders pursuant Section 5.3 of the Exchangeable Shares Terms, such issuance shall occur pursuant to an exemption from registration or pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. If such shares are issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, then within fifteen (15) days after the Redemption Date (as defined in the Exchangeable Shares Terms), BioMarin shall prepare and file a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, covering the resale of such BioMarin Common Shares and 13 Execution Version shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective as expeditiously as possible and to remain effective until the earliest to occur of (i) the date the BioMarin Common Shares covered thereby have been sold, (ii) the date by which all BioMarin Common Shares covered thereby may be sold under Rule 144 without restriction as to volume, or (iii) the date which is the twenty-fourth month anniversary of such Redemption Date. (ii) Following the effectiveness of a registration statement filed pursuant to this section, BioMarin may, at any time, suspend the effectiveness of such registration for up to sixty (60) days, as appropriate (a "Suspension Period"), by giving notice to the Company Shareholders, if BioMarin shall have determined that BioMarin may be required to disclose any material corporate development which disclosure may have a material adverse effect on BioMarin or any of its Subsidiaries. (iii) When BioMarin files a registration statement with respect to BioMarin Common Shares under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 2.6(b), BioMarin will, at its expense, as expeditiously as possible: (1) In accordance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC, prepare and file in accordance with Section 2.6(b), with the SEC a registration statement with respect to such BioMarin Common Shares and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become and remain effective for the period described in Section 2.6(b)(i), and prepare and file with the SEC such amendments to such registration statement and supplements to the prospectus contained therein as may be necessary to keep such registration statement effective for such period; (2) Furnish to the Persons participating in such registration such reasonable number of copies of the registration statement, preliminary prospectus, final prospectus and such other documents as such Persons may reasonably request in order to facilitate the public offering of such BioMarin Common Shares; (3) Notify such Persons participating in the registration, promptly after it shall receive notice thereof, of the date and time when such registration statement and each post-effective amendment thereto has become effective or a supplement to any prospectus forming a part of such registration statement has been filed; (4) Notify such Persons participating in the registration promptly of any request by the SEC for the amending or supplementing of such registration statement or prospectus or for additional information; (5) Prepare and promptly file with the SEC, and promptly notify such Persons participating in the registration of the filing of, such amendments or supplements to such registration statement or prospectus as may be necessary to correct any statements or omissions if, at the time when a prospectus relating to such securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, any event has occurred as the result of which any such prospectus or any other prospectus as then in effect would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and 14 Execution Version (6) Advise such Persons participating in the registration, promptly after it shall receive notice or obtain Knowledge thereof, of the issuance of any stop order by the SEC suspending the effectiveness of such registration statement or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose and promptly use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such stop order should be issued. (iv) With respect to any registration effected pursuant to this section, all fees, costs and expenses of and incidental to such registration shall be borne by BioMarin; provided, however, that, the Persons participating in the registration shall bear their own legal fees and all underwriting discounts and commissions. 2.7 Surrender of Certificates. (a) Exchange Procedures. Promptly after the Effective Time, each holder of record (as of the Effective Time) of a certificate or certificates (the "Certificates"), which immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares, shall be required to send to Newco (i) a duly completed and validly executed letter of transmittal in substantially the same form attached hereto as Exhibit D, together with the Certificates and any Company Warrants held by such holder, and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates in exchange for certificates representing BioMarin Common Shares, Exchangeable Shares and cash in lieu of any fractional shares pursuant to Section 2.4(d), as appropriate. Upon surrender of Certificates to Newco or to such other agent or agents as may be appointed by BioMarin, together with such letter of transmittal, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, the holders of such Certificates shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor, subject to the escrow provisions set forth in Section 2.7(d) below, certificates representing the number of whole shares of Exchangeable Shares and BioMarin Common Shares, as appropriate, into which their Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares were exchanged at the Effective Time, together with payment in lieu of fractional shares which such holders have the right to receive pursuant to Section 2.4(d), and the Certificates so surrendered shall forthwith be cancelled. Until so surrendered, outstanding Certificates will be deemed from and after the Effective Time, for all corporate purposes, subject to Section 2.4(d), to evidence only the ownership of the number of full Exchangeable Shares or BioMarin Common Shares into which such Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares are entitled to be exchanged and the right to receive an amount in cash in lieu of the issuance of any fractional shares in accordance with Section 2.4(d). (b) Required Withholding. Newco shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from any consideration payable or otherwise deliverable pursuant to this Agreement to any holder or former holder of Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares such amounts as may be required (as advised by tax counsel for BioMarin) to be deducted or withheld therefrom under the Code, the Income Tax Act (Canada) or under any provision of United States or Canadian federal, state, provincial, regional, local or foreign tax law or under any other applicable legal requirement. To the extent such amounts are so deducted or withheld, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes under this Agreement as having been paid to the Person to whom such amounts would otherwise have been paid. 15 Execution Version (c) No Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 2.6, neither BioMarin, the Company, BioMarin Nova Scotia nor Newco nor any party hereto shall be liable to a holder of BioMarin Common Shares or Exchangeable Shares, Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares for any amount properly paid to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar law. (d) Escrow. (i) On or prior to the Effective Time, Newco, BioMarin, the Shareholders' Representative (as defined below) and U.S. Bank Trust National Association, as escrow agent, shall execute an escrow agreement (the "Escrow Agreement") in the form of Exhibit E attached hereto with respect to all the BioMarin Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares to be issued to the Company Shareholders in exchange for Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares as of the Effective Date (the "Escrowed Shares"). Certificates representing the Escrowed Shares shall be issued in the names of the Company Shareholders in accordance with Section 2.4(a) and Section 2.7(a) above and shall be delivered by Newco into an escrow (the "Escrow") pursuant to the terms of the Escrow Agreement. (ii) Ventures West Management VI Ltd. (the "Shareholders' Representative") will be appointed pursuant to that certain Shareholders' Representative Agreement to be entered into by and among the Majority Shareholders (as such term is defined in the Escrow Agreement) prior to the Effective Time (the "Shareholders' Representative Agreement") to serve as agent and representative of each Majority Shareholder (as such term is defined in the Escrow Agreement), for and on behalf of such Majority Shareholder. Such Shareholders' Representative shall be empowered by the Shareholders' Representative Agreement to perform its obligations and responsibilities under the Escrow Agreement. If the Shareholders' Representative or its agent shall notify BioMarin of such Shareholders' Representative's intent to resign as the Shareholders' Representative, the Shareholders' Representative shall appoint a successor Shareholders' Representative within thirty (30) days, which successor shall be acceptable to BioMarin in its reasonable discretion. (iii) A decision, act, consent or instruction of the Shareholders' Representative shall constitute a decision of all of the Majority Shareholders with respect to the Escrow Agreement and this Agreement, and shall be final, binding and conclusive upon each Majority Shareholder. BioMarin, Newco and the Company may rely upon any decision, act, consent or instruction of the Shareholders' Representative as being the decision, act, consent or instruction of each and all of the Majority Shareholders. BioMarin, Newco and the Company are relieved from any liability to any Person for any acts done by any or all of them in accordance with or pursuant to such decision, act, consent or instruction. 2.8 No Further Ownership Rights in Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares . All Exchangeable Shares and BioMarin Common Shares issued in accordance with the terms hereof (including any cash paid in respect thereof pursuant to Section 2.4(d)) shall be deemed to have been issued in full satisfaction of all rights pertaining to such Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares, and, following the Effective Time, there shall be no further registration of transfers on the records of the Company of Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares which were outstanding immediately 16 Execution Version prior to the Effective Time. If, after the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the Company for any reason, they shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Article II, subject to the Plan of Arrangement. 2.9 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. In the event that any Certificates shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the holder thereof, certificates representing the Exchangeable Shares or BioMarin Common Shares into which the Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares represented by such Certificates were exchanged pursuant to Section 2.4, and cash for fractional shares, if any, as may be required pursuant to Section 2.4(d); provided, however, that Newco may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance of such certificates representing Exchangeable Shares or BioMarin Common Shares and cash, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificates to deliver a bond in such sum as it may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against Newco with respect to the Certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed. 2.10 Tax Consequences. It is intended by the parties hereto that the Arrangement shall, for United States income tax purposes, constitute a taxable disposition of Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares by Company Shareholders subject to United States income tax and shall, for Canadian income tax purposes, qualify, within prescribed limits, for an election pursuant to Section 85 of the Income Tax Act (Canada) 2.11 Company Stock Options and Company Warrants. (a) Company Stock Options. BioMarin and the Company shall provide that on the Effective Date each Company Stock Option shall be exchanged for an option to purchase BioMarin Common Shares as provided in Section 2.11 of the Company Ancillary Agreement (a "BioMarin Option") and pursuant to BioMarin's 1997 Stock Plan, as amended on December 22, 1998 (the "BioMarin Option Plan"), as shares issuable upon exercise of options granted under such BioMarin Option Plan were registered on a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act. All stock options granted by the Company which have not vested at the Effective Time will be cancelled automatically at the Effective Time without the need for any action by the Company or any other party. From and after the Closing, there shall be no Company Stock Options outstanding. (b) Company Warrants. BioMarin and the Company shall provide that on the Effective Date each outstanding Company Warrant shall be exchanged for a warrant to purchase BioMarin Common Shares (such shares, "Warrant Shares") as provided in Section 2.11 of the Company Ancillary Agreement in the form attached as Exhibit F to the Company Ancillary Agreement (a "BioMarin Warrant"). BioMarin shall notify each holder (a "Warrant Holder") of a BioMarin Warrant or Warrant Shares, in writing at least ten (10) days prior to filing any registration statement pursuant to Section 2.6(b) above, and will afford each Warrant Holder an opportunity to include in such registration statement all or any part of the Warrant Shares then held by such Warrant Holder. Such right shall be exercisable by each Warrant Holder, if at all, by the delivery of written notice by such Warrant Holder to BioMarin within five (5) days after receipt of the above-described notice from BioMarin, informing BioMarin of the number of 17 Execution Version Warrant Shares such Warrant Holder wishes to include in such registration statement. If a Warrant Holder does not deliver such notice within such five (5) day period, such Warrant Holder shall not have any right to include any of its Warrant Shares in such registration statement thereafter filed by BioMarin. All expenses (other than each Warrant Holder's legal fees and expenses and all underwriting discounts and commissions) related to such registration of a Warrant Holder's Warrant Shares shall be paid by BioMarin. (c) Further Assurances. The Company and BioMarin shall take all action that may be necessary (under the option agreements and otherwise) to effectuate the provisions of this Section 2.11. As soon as practicable after the Closing, BioMarin shall deliver to holders of Company Stock Options and Company Warrants appropriate notices setting forth such holders' rights pursuant to the BioMarin Option Plan, if applicable, and the agreements evidencing the grants of such BioMarin Options and BioMarin Warrants. 2.12 Transfer Taxes and Fees. The Company shall be responsible for all documentary and transfer taxes and all sales or use taxes imposed by reason of the transfer of Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares (but specifically excluding any tax based on or measured with respect to income or gain) and any deficiency, interest or penalty asserted with respect thereto. The Company shall pay the fees and costs of recording or filing all applicable conveyancing instruments for such transfer. ARTICLE III CLOSING 3.1 Closing. (a) In General. The consummation of the Arrangement (other than obtaining the Final Order and the filing with the Director of the Articles of Arrangement) shall occur at the closing contemplated herein (the "Closing") which shall be held at 9:00 a.m. local time on such date mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, which date shall not be before the satisfaction or waiver of all of the conditions specified in Articles VII and VIII hereof and not later than the Termination Date, at the offices of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP located at 345 California Street, Twenty-Ninth Floor, San Francisco, California. (b) Form of Instruments. To the extent that a form of any document to be delivered hereunder is not attached as an exhibit hereto, such documents shall be in form and substance, and shall be executed and delivered in a manner reasonably satisfactory to BioMarin. (c) Deliveries. The Company will, at the Closing, deliver to BioMarin the documents required by Article VIII. (d) Consents. To the extent not already delivered on or before the date hereof, the Company shall deliver to BioMarin at the Closing all Permits and any other third party consents contemplated or described herein or in the Company Ancillary Agreement. 18 Execution Version (e) Resignations. The Company shall deliver to BioMarin at the Closing written resignations, effective as of the Effective Date, of each director and officer of the Company. (f) Plan of Arrangement. Each party hereto shall comply with the terms of the Plan of Arrangement. ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY The Company hereby represents and warrants to BioMarin and Newco as follows: 4.1 Organization of the Company; Organizational Documents. (a) The Company is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of Canada, with full power and authority to own and lease its properties and assets and to conduct its business as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted. The Company is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the character of its properties owned or leased or the nature of its activities make such qualification necessary. The Company has not conducted business in any jurisdiction other than British Columbia, Canada. (b) Section 4.1(b) of the Company Ancillary Agreement contains a true, correct and compete list of all of the Organizational Documents of the Company. Copies of all of the Organizational Documents of the Company have heretofore been delivered or made available to BioMarin, and as so delivered or made available are accurate and complete. 4.2 Capitalization. The authorized capital Stock, the total issued and outstanding Stock, the name of each shareholder and the number of shares held by each shareholder of the Company is set forth in Section 4.2 of the Company Ancillary Agreement. All of the issued and outstanding Stock of the Company is duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, nonassessable and free of all preemptive or similar rights. One Million Eight Hundred Thirty-Eight Thousand Three Hundred Eighty-Four (1,838,384) shares of the Company's Stock have been reserved for issuance and issuable upon or otherwise deliverable in connection with the exercise of outstanding options and warrants granted by the Company to purchase shares of the Company's Stock. Section 4.2 of the Company Ancillary Agreement contains a complete and correct list of: (a) all of the Company's stock option plans; (b) all holders of options to acquire shares of the Company's Stock, including such person's name, the number of options (vested, unvested and total) held by such person, the stock option plan pursuant to which the option was granted, the remaining term for vesting of such options and the exercise price for each such option; and (c) all holders of warrants to acquire shares of the Company's Stock, including such person's name, the number of shares of the Company's Stock subject to each such warrant and the exercise price for each such warrant. Except as set forth in Section 4.2 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, there are no existing options, warrants, right, calls or commitments of any character relating to the Company's Stock. There are no outstanding securities or other instruments convertible into or exchangeable for the Company's Stock and there are no commitments to issue any such securities or instruments. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, subscription 19 Execution Version right or similar right with respect to any Stock of the Company. There are no stock plans, stock appreciation rights, phantom stock rights or any rights of a similar nature that would require any Person to pay cash or issue any securities as a result of or in connection with the Transactions or otherwise give any Person any right to or in respect of any security of BioMarin. All of the outstanding shares of the Company's Stock were issued in compliance with all applicable Regulations, including, without limitation, all applicable securities laws. 4.3 Subsidiaries. The Company does not own or control any Stock of any Person. The Company is not a participant in, or member or equity or debt holder of, any joint venture, partnership or similar arrangement. 4.4 Authorization. The Company has all requisite power and authority, and has taken all corporate action necessary, to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements and to perform its obligations hereunder and under any other agreement contemplated hereby and, subject to obtaining the Required Company Shareholder Vote and the approval of the Court to the Arrangement, to consummate the Transactions. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements by the Company and, subject to obtaining the Required Company Shareholder Vote and the approval of the Court to the Arrangement, the consummation by the Company of the Transactions have been duly approved by all corporate action of the Company. No other corporate proceedings on the part of the Company is necessary to authorize its execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions (other than all proceedings related to the approval of the Arrangement by the Required Company Shareholder Vote and Court approval of the Arrangement). This Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and each of this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except that such enforcement may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceedings therefor may be brought. 4.5 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Since the Balance Sheet Date, except as set forth in Section 4.5 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, there has not been any: (a) Material Adverse Change; (b) change in accounting methods, principles or practices affecting in any material respect the Company; (c) damage, destruction or loss (whether or not covered by insurance) materially and adversely affecting the Company; (d) cancellation of any indebtedness or waiver or release of any right or claim of the Company in excess of $10,000 in the aggregate; 20 Execution Version (e) declaration, setting aside, or payment of dividends or distributions by the Company, or any redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any securities of the Company; (f) increase in the rate of compensation payable or to become payable to any Representative of the Company (other than compensation increases for non-officer employees of the Company made in the Ordinary Course) including, without limitation, the making of any loan (except travel advances, if any, made in reasonable amounts and in the Ordinary Course) to, or the payment, grant or accrual of any bonus, incentive compensation, service award or other similar benefit to, any such Person, or the addition to, modification of, or contribution to any Plan or other arrangement to which the Company is a party or otherwise is bound; (g) Material Adverse Change in employee relations which has or is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect; (h) amendment (except in the Ordinary Course), cancellation or termination of any material Contract, transaction or Permit relating to the Company or to which the Company is a party, or entry by the Company into any Contract or transaction which is not in the Ordinary Course, including, without limitation, any employment or consulting agreements; (i) mortgage, pledge or other material Encumbrance of any of the Assets, other than Permitted Encumbrances; (j) sale, assignment or transfer of any of the Assets; (k) incurrence of indebtedness by the Company for borrowed money or commitment to borrow money entered into by the Company or loans made or agreed to be made by the Company or indebtedness guaranteed by the Company; (l) incurrence by the Company of any Liabilities (except Liabilities incurred in the Ordinary Course not in excess of an aggregate of $10,000); (m) payment, discharge or satisfaction of any Liabilities of the Company other than the payment, discharge or satisfaction in the Ordinary Course; (n) capital expenditure by the Company in excess of $10,000 in the aggregate, or the incurring of any obligation by Company to make any capital expenditure in excess of $10,000; (o) failure to pay or satisfy when due or other default in respect of any material Liability of the Company; (p) disposition of any Company Intellectual Property which is material to the Company; or (q) agreement by the Company to do any of the things described in the preceding clauses (a) through (p) other than as expressly provided for herein. 21 Execution Version 4.6 Encumbrances. To the Knowledge of the Company, each Company Shareholder owns all of its Company Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares, free and clear of all Encumbrances; provided, however, that the Company has made no inquiry of any Company Shareholder other the Majority Shareholders (as such term is defined in the Escrow Agreement) with respect to this representation. Upon consummation of the Transactions, BioMarin shall be the owner, beneficially and of record, of all the Company's Common Shares and Company Preferred Shares, free and clear of all Encumbrances. 4.7 Condition of the Assets. All tangible Assets of the Company are in good operating condition and repair and are usable in the Ordinary Course and conform to all applicable Regulations (including Environmental Laws and Health Laws) relating to their construction, use and operation, except where the failure to so conform would not have a Material Adverse Effect. 4.8 Contracts and Commitments. (a) Contracts. Section 4.8 of the Company Ancillary Agreement sets forth a complete and accurate list of all Contracts of the following categories: (i) Contracts not made in the Ordinary Course; (ii) Employment contracts and severance agreements; (iii) Labor or union contracts; (iv) Distribution, franchise, license, technical assistance, sales, commission, consulting, or other Contracts that individually (A) since January 1, 2001 have involved revenues or Liabilities in excess of $20,000, (B) are known by the Company to involve future estimated annual revenues in excess of $20,000, (C) involve future annual expenditures or Liabilities, actual or potential, estimated to be in excess of $20,000, (D) terminate or expire at any time after the first anniversary of the Effective Date, or (E) are otherwise material to the Company; (v) Promissory notes, loans, indentures, evidences of indebtedness, letters of credit, guarantees, or other instruments relating to an obligation to pay money, whether the Company is the borrower, lender, guarantor or grantor thereunder; (vi) Contracts containing covenants limiting the freedom of the Company or any shareholder, officer, director, partner or employee of the Company to engage in any line of business, to perform or render to any Person any service or to compete with any Person; (vii) Any Contract with any Governmental Authority; (viii) Leases of real property; 22 Execution Version (ix) Leases of personal property not cancelable (without Liability) within thirty (30) calendar days or which have aggregate annual lease payments in excess of $20,000; (x) Contracts entered into in settlement of any Action or threatened Action; (xi) Contracts involving rights of first refusal, first offer, first negotiation, first look or similar rights that the Company has granted to third parties; (xii) Contracts not cancelable (without Liability) on less than thirty (30) days notice by the Company. The Company has delivered or made available to BioMarin true, correct and complete copies of all of the written Contracts listed in Section 4.8 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, including all amendments and supplements thereto, and has provided to BioMarin true, correct and complete summaries of all of the oral Contracts described above, including all amendments and supplements thereto. (b) All of the Contracts are valid, binding and enforceable upon the Company and, to the Knowledge of the Company, each other party thereto in accordance with their terms (except that such enforcement may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceedings therefore may be brought), except as could not reasonably be anticipated, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has fulfilled, or taken all action necessary to enable it to fulfill when due, all of its obligations under such Contracts, except where a failure to do so (either in any individual Contract or in the aggregate) could not reasonably be anticipated to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not, and, to the Knowledge of the Company, no other party is, in Default with respect to any such Contract, which Default would be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, either individually or in the aggregate, and no notice of any claim of material Default has been given to the Company. 4.9 Permits; Consents and Approvals. (a) Section 4.9 of the Company Ancillary Agreement sets forth a complete list of all Permits material to the Company. The Company has, and at all times has had, all Permits required under any Regulation (including Environmental Laws and Health Laws) in connection with the operations of the Company except where the failure to have any such Permit would not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not in Default, nor has it received any notice of any claim of Default, with respect to any such Permit. Except as set forth in Section 4.9 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, no such Permit which is material to the Company will be adversely affected by the completion of the Transactions. No present or former shareholder or Representative of the Company or any Affiliates thereof, or any other Person, owns or has any 23 Execution Version proprietary, financial or other interest (direct or indirect) in any Permit which the Company owns, possesses or uses. (b) No notice to, declaration, filing or registration with, or Permit or consent from, any Governmental Authority, or any other Person, is required to be made or obtained by the Company in connection with the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions. 4.10 No Conflict or Violation. Neither the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions, nor compliance by the Company with any of the provisions hereof, will (a) violate or conflict with any provision of any Organizational Document of the Company, (b) violate, conflict with, or result in or constitute a Default under, or result in the termination of, or accelerate the performance required by, or result in a right of termination or acceleration or the loss of a material benefit under, or result in the incurrence of any Liability under, or result in the creation of any Encumbrance (other than a Permitted Encumbrance) upon any of the Assets under any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any Contract or material Permit (i) to which the Company is a party or (ii) by which any of the Assets are bound or affected; unless in each case such violation, conflict, Default, termination, acceleration, Liability, or Encumbrance would not, when taken individually, or together with other violations, conflicts, Defaults, terminations, accelerations, Liabilities, or Encumbrances in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (c) violate any Regulation or Court Order, or (d) impose any Encumbrance (other than a Permitted Encumbrance) on any of the Assets. 4.11 Financial Statements. True and complete copies of the Financial Statements are attached to the Company Ancillary Agreement under Section 4.11 thereto. The Financial Statements (a) are derived from the books and records of the Company, (b) fairly present the financial position of the Company as described therein as of the respective dates thereof and the results of operations, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows of the Company for the periods covered thereby and (c) are true and correct in all material respects. The Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. 4.12 Books and Records. The minute books of the Company, true and complete copies of which have been delivered to BioMarin, are complete and correct in all material respects. 4.13 Litigation. There is no Action pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened against, related to or affecting the Company (including with respect to Environmental Laws and Health Laws) or that seek to delay, limit or enjoin the Transactions. The Company is not subject to any Court Order and is not in Default with respect to any Court Order that relates to the Company, and there are no unsatisfied judgments against the Company. There are no Court Orders or agreements with, or liens by, any Governmental Authority or quasi-governmental entity relating to any Environmental Law or Health Law which regulate, obligate, bind or in any way affect the Company. 4.14 Labor Matters. The Company is not a party to any labor agreement with respect to any of its employees. The Company has not experienced any attempt by organized labor or its 24 Execution Version representatives to make it conform to demands of organized labor relating to its employees or to enter into a binding agreement with organized labor that would cover its employees. There is no labor strike or labor disturbance pending or, to the Company's Knowledge, threatened against the Company by any of its employees, nor is any grievance currently being asserted. The Company has not experienced a work stoppage or other labor difficulty by its employees or former employees. The Company is not engaging nor has engaged in any conduct that could reasonably be anticipated to be deemed an unfair labor practice. Set forth in Section 4.14 of the Company Ancillary Agreement are the names and current annual base salary rates of all present employees of the Company, their bonus compensation for the year ending December 31, 2000 and bonus compensation paid, expected to be payable or otherwise accrued with respect to the year ending December 31, 2001. 4.15 Liabilities. Except as set forth in Section 4.15 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, the Company does not have any Liabilities, except (a) Liabilities which are set forth or reserved for on the Balance Sheet, which have not been paid or discharged since the Balance Sheet Date and (b) Liabilities not exceeding $5,000 individually or $10,000 in the aggregate incurred since the Balance Sheet Date in the Ordinary Course. 4.16 Compliance with Law. The Company has not violated and is in compliance with all applicable Regulations and Court Orders relating to the Company, unless such violations or failures to be in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received any notice or otherwise been advised that it is not in compliance with any such Regulations or Court Orders. The Company has no reason to anticipate that any existing circumstances are likely to result in violations of any of the foregoing, unless, individually and in the aggregate, such violations would not have a Material Adverse Effect. 4.17 No Brokers. Except as set forth in Section 4.17 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its respective Representatives, partners or Affiliates has employed or made any agreement with any broker, finder or similar agent or any other Person which will result in the obligation of the Company or BioMarin or any of their respective Affiliates to pay any finder's fee, brokerage fees or commission or similar payment in connection with the Transactions. 4.18 No Other Agreement to Sell the Shares or Assets. Neither the Company nor, to the Knowledge of the Company, any of its officers, directors, Affiliates, or shareholders have any commitment or legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person other than BioMarin to sell, assign, transfer or effect a sale of any of the Shares or the Assets or any portion thereof, to effect any merger, consolidation, liquidation, dissolution or other reorganization, or to enter into any agreement or cause the entering into of an agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. 4.19 Intellectual Property. (a) The Company owns, licenses or has other valid rights, title and interest, free and clear of all Encumbrances, to use the Company Intellectual Property and the Technology and Know-How, without infringing upon or otherwise acting adversely to the right 25 Execution Version or claimed right of any third party, except where the failure to so own, license or have such rights would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. Section 4.19(a) of the Company Ancillary Agreement sets forth all domestic and foreign Patents, Copyrights, Maskworks, Trademarks, and licenses with respect to the foregoing, included in the Company Intellectual Property. All of the Company Intellectual Property and Technology and Know-How are valid and enforceable rights of the Company and will not cease to be valid and in full force and effect by reason of the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the Transactions. (b) Section 4.19(a) of the Company Ancillary Agreement identifies the owner or licensor of all Company Intellectual Property. The Company is not obligated or under any liability whatsoever to make any payments by way of royalties, fees or otherwise to any owner or licensee of, or other claimant to, any Company Intellectual Property. Upon consummation of the Transactions, Purchaser will be entitled to continue to use all of the Company Intellectual Property without the payment of any fees, licenses or other payments to any Person except as set forth in Section 4.19(a) of the Company Ancillary Agreement. (c) To the Company's Knowledge, (i) except with respect to the rights of any licensor under agreements listed on Section 4.19(a) of the Company Ancillary Agreement or as set forth on paragraph 16 of Section 4.19(a) of the Company Ancillary Agreement, no other Person has any right to the Company Intellectual Property or the Technology and Know-How and (ii) the Company has not, and the Company has not received any notice from any Person within the past three (3) years claiming that it has, infringed, misappropriated, violated or otherwise operated adversely to any Intellectual Property of any Person, violated any export control law or regulation, violated the rights of any Person (including rights to privacy or publicity), or conducted unfair competition or trade practices under any applicable laws. (d) To the Company's Knowledge, no Person is infringing or misappropriating any rights with respect to the Company Intellectual Property or engaging in other conduct that may diminish or undermine the Company Intellectual Property, such as the disclosure of any of the Confidential Information. (e) The Company has taken all reasonable steps to protect its rights in the Technology and Know-How. Without limiting the foregoing, (i) the Company has, and enforces, a policy requiring each of its executive officers and research and development personnel to execute non-competition, confidentiality and non-solicitation agreements, and all such individuals have executed such an agreement, and (ii) each of the Company's employees and other Persons who, either alone or in concert with others, developed, invented, discovered, derived, programmed or designed any of the Technology and Know-How, or who has Knowledge of or access to information about any of the Technology and Know-How, has entered into a written agreement with the Company providing that such Technology and Know-How and other information are proprietary to the Company and are not to be divulged or misused and transferring to the Company, without any further consideration being given therefor, all of such employee's or other Person's right, title and interest in and to such Technology and Know-How and to all Company Intellectual Property with respect to such Technology and Know-How. 26 Execution Version (f) Except as set forth in Section 4.19(f) of the Company Ancillary Agreement, the Company has not sold, transferred, assigned, licensed or subjected to any Encumbrance, any Company Intellectual Property or Technology and Know-How, or any interest therein. 4.20 Employee Benefit Plans. All benefit and compensation plans, contracts, policies or arrangements (other than government-sponsored employee benefit arrangements) covering current or former employees of the Company and current or former directors of the Company, and deferred compensation, stock option, stock purchase, stock appreciation rights, stock based, incentive and bonus plans (the "Employee Plans") are listed on Section 4.20 of the Company Ancillary Agreement. All of the Employee Plans are in compliance with, and have been administered and operated in accordance with, the terms of such Employee Plans and applicable Regulations, except for any failure to so comply, operate or administer the Employee Plans that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. With respect to each Employee Plan, a complete and correct copy of the most recent plan document or agreement, all related trust and funding documents, and all amendments thereto; the most recent summary plan description, and all related summaries of material modifications; and all actuarial and financial reports for the last three plan years, where applicable, have been provided or made available to BioMarin. No audit, claim, action or litigation has been made, commenced or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened with respect to any Employee Plan. The Company does not have any obligations for retiree health and life benefits under any Employee Plan. The Company may amend or terminate any such retiree plan at any time without incurring any liability thereunder. There has been no amendment to, announcement by the Company relating to, or change in employee participation or coverage under, any Employee Plan which would increase materially the expense of maintaining such plan above the level of the expense incurred therefor for the most recent fiscal year. Neither the execution of this Agreement, shareholder approval of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions will (a) entitle any employee of the Company to severance pay or any increase in severance pay upon any termination of employment after the date hereof, (b) accelerate the time of payment or vesting or trigger any payment or funding (through a grantor trust or otherwise) of compensation or benefits under, increase the amount payable or trigger any other obligation pursuant to, any of the Employee Plans, (c) limit or restrict the right of the Company or, after the consummation of the Transactions, Newco or BioMarin to merge, amend or terminate any of the Employee Plans, or (d) cause the Company or, after the consummation of the Transactions, Newco or BioMarin to record additional compensation expense with respect to any outstanding stock option or other equity-based award. 4.21 Transactions with Affiliates. Except as set forth in Section 4.21 of the Company Ancillary Agreement, no shareholder, member, manager, officer, director or employee of the Company nor any member of any such Person's immediate family or any Person controlled by such Person or in which such Person has a substantial beneficial interest, is presently, or within the prior two years has been, a party to any transaction with the Company (other than for services as officers, directors, employees or consultants of the Company), including, without limitation, any contract, agreement or other arrangement (a) providing for the furnishing of services by, (b) providing for the rental of real or personal property from, or (c) otherwise requiring payments to, any such Person or corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which any such Person has an interest as a shareholder, officer, director, trustee or partner. 27 Execution Version 4.22 Tax Matters. (a) The Company has filed or caused to be filed all Tax Returns that are or were required to be filed by or with respect to it pursuant to applicable Regulations. All Tax Returns filed by the Company are true, correct, and complete. The Tax Returns of the Company subject to such Taxes have not been audited by any Governmental Authority, and the Company has not received notice from any Governmental Authority of any pending examination or any proposed deficiency, addition, assessment, demand for payment or adjustment relating to or affecting the Company or its Assets and it has no reason to believe that any Governmental Authority may assess (or threaten to assess) any Taxes for any period ending on or prior to the Effective Date. Section 4.22 of the Company Ancillary Agreement sets forth a true and complete copy of each Tax Return of the Company with respect to the past three taxable years. (b) The Company has (i) duly and timely paid, or made provision for the payment of, all Taxes that have or may have become due pursuant to its Tax Returns or otherwise, or pursuant to any assessment received by the Company and (ii) withheld from each payment made to its past or present employees, officers, directors and independent contractors, creditors, shareholders, other third parties all Taxes and other material deductions required to be withheld and have, within the time required by Regulation, paid such amounts to the proper Governmental Authority. (c) The charges, accruals, and reserves with respect to Taxes on the books and records of the Company are adequate (determined in accordance with Canadian GAAP) and are at least equal to the Company's liability for Taxes. There exists no proposed tax assessment against the Company. All Taxes that the Company is or was required by any Regulations to withhold or collect have been duly withheld or collected and, to the extent required, have been paid to the proper Governmental Authority or other Person. 4.23 Insurance. Section 4.23 of the Company Ancillary Agreement contains a complete and accurate list of all Insurance Policies (showing as to each policy or binder the carrier, policy number, coverage limits, expiration dates, annual premiums, a general description of the type of coverage provided, and the loss experience history of the Company by line of coverage) held or maintained by the Company. Each Insurance Policy is in full force and effect, insures the Company in the amounts described therein against the risks described therein and provides coverage as is required by applicable Regulation and by any and all Contracts. There is no Default under any such Insurance Policy nor has there been any failure to give notice or present any claim under any Insurance Policy in a due and timely fashion. There are no outstanding unpaid premiums except in the Ordinary Course, and no notice of cancellation or nonrenewal of any such Insurance Policy has been received by the Company. There are no outstanding performance bonds covering or issued for the benefit of the Company. No insurer has advised the Company that it intends to reduce coverage, increase premiums or fail to renew any existing Insurance Policy. 4.24 Employees. The Company has no reason to believe Reinhard Gabathuler will not continue to serve in his current capacity following the consummation of the Transactions. 28 Execution Version 4.25 Payments. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, paid, delivered, offered or agreed to deliver any fee, commission or other sum of money or item of property, however characterized, to any finder, agent, client, customer, supplier, government official or other party, in Canada, the United States or any other country, which was, at the time made or given, illegal under any federal, state, provincial or local laws of Canada, the United States (including, without limitation, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices' Act) or any other country having jurisdiction. 4.26 Business Relationships. The Company has not received any written communication from any Significant Business Associate of any intention to terminate or materially reduce such Significant Business Associate's relationship with the Company or any other communication to such effect. To the Company's Knowledge, no Significant Business Associate intends to terminate such relationship, whether as a result of the Transactions or otherwise. 4.27 Compliance With Environmental and Health Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in compliance with all Environmental Laws. The Company is and at all times has been in compliance with all Health Laws. 4.28 Disclosure. No representation or warranty of the Company in this Agreement and no information contained in the Company Ancillary Agreement, any Ancillary Agreement or any other agreement executed by the Company in connection with the Transactions contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to make the statements herein or therein not misleading. ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BIOMARIN AND NEWCO BioMarin and Newco hereby jointly and severally represent and warrant to the Company as follows: 5.1 Organization. Each of BioMarin and Newco is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its respective jurisdiction of incorporation with full power and authority to own and lease its properties and assets and to conduct its business as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted. BioMarin is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the character of its properties owned or leased or the nature of its activities make such qualification necessary. 5.2 No Conflict or Violation. Neither the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement nor the consummation of the Transactions, nor compliance by BioMarin or Newco with any of the provisions hereof, will (a) violate or conflict with any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of BioMarin or Newco, (b) violate, conflict with, or result in or constitute a Default under, or result in the termination of, or accelerate the performance required by, or result in a right of termination or acceleration under, or result in the creation of any Encumbrance upon any of BioMarin's assets under, any of the terms, conditions or provisions of any contract, indebtedness, note, bond, indenture, security or pledge agreement, commitment, license, lease, franchise, permit, agreement, authorization, concession, or other instrument or obligation to which BioMarin or Newco is a party, (c) violate any Regulation or Court Order, 29 Execution Version except, in the case of clause (b) above, for such violations, Defaults, terminations or accelerations which, in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect on the ability of BioMarin to consummate the Transactions. 5.3 Consents and Approvals. (a) Each of BioMarin and Newco has all requisite power and authority, and has taken all corporate action necessary, to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements and to perform its obligations hereunder and under any other agreement contemplated hereby and, subject to the approval of the Court to the Arrangement, to consummate the Transactions. No vote of the shareholders of BioMarin or Newco is required in connection with the Arrangement. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements by BioMarin and Newco and, subject to the Approval of the Court to the Arrangement, the consummation by BioMarin and Newco of the Transactions have been duly approved by all corporate action of BioMarin and Newco. No other corporate proceedings on the part of BioMarin and Newco is necessary to authorize its execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements and the consummation of the Transactions (other than Court approval of the Arrangement). This Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements have been duly executed and delivered by BioMarin and Newco and each of this Agreement and each Ancillary Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of BioMarin and Newco, enforceable against each of BioMarin and Newco in accordance with its respective terms, except that such enforcement may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceedings therefor may be brought. (b) Other than in connection with or in compliance with the provisions of the HSR Act, if required, and the Securities Act, and other than as described in this Agreement, no notice to, declaration, filing or registration with, or authorization, consent or approval of, or permit from, any domestic or foreign governmental or regulatory body or authority, or any other Person, is required to be made or obtained by BioMarin or Newco in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions. 5.4 SEC Filings. As of their respective filing dates, each form, statement, annual, quarterly and other report, registration statement (including exhibits and amendments) and definitive proxy statement filed by BioMarin with the SEC since January 1, 2000 (the "BioMarin SEC Documents"), which are all the documents (other than preliminary material) that BioMarin was required to file with the SEC since such date, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act. As of their respective filing dates, none of the BioMarin SEC Documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading. Since the filing of the most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q included in the BioMarin SEC Documents, neither of BioMarin's Certificate of Incorporation nor Bylaws have been amended or modified. The consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' 30 Execution Version equity (deficit) and cash flows (including the related notes thereto) of BioMarin included in the BioMarin SEC Documents were prepared in accordance with the books and records of BioMarin and U.S. GAAP and present fairly the financial position of BioMarin as of their respective dates, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented therein (subject, in the case of the interim financial statements, to normal year-end adjustments). 5.5 Absence of Certain Changes or Events. Since the date of the filing of its most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q included in the BioMarin SEC Documents, there has not been any (a) Material Adverse Change or change in accounting methods, principles or practices affecting in any material respect BioMarin, (b) declaration, setting aside, or payment of dividends or distributions by BioMarin, or (c) redemption, purchase or other acquisition of any securities of BioMarin, other than in connection with the BioMarin Option Plan. 5.6 Suspension and Trading. The BioMarin Common Shares are currently quoted on Nasdaq. No order ceasing or suspending trading in securities of BioMarin is outstanding and no proceedings for this purpose have been instituted or, to the Knowledge of BioMarin, are pending or threatened. 5.7 No Brokers. Except for BioMarin's engagement of Leerink, Swann, Garrity, Sollami, Yaffe & Wynn, Inc. for the rendering of a fairness opinion to it regarding the Transactions, neither BioMarin nor any of its officers, directors, employees or Affiliates has employed or made any agreement with any broker, finder or similar agent or any Person which will result in the obligation of BioMarin or the Company or any of their respective Affiliates to pay any finder's fee, brokerage fees or commission or similar payment in connection with the Transactions. 5.8 Securities. At the Closing, the issuance of BioMarin Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares to be issued at such Closing in accordance herewith will have been duly authorized, and, upon their issuance in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and assuming the truth of the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Article IV, such BioMarin Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and will not be subject to any preemptive or similar right. 5.9 Securities Exemption. The offer and sale of the BioMarin Common Shares and the Exchangeable Shares upon their issuance at the Effective Time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Plan will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Section 3(a)(10) of the Securities Act. 5.10 Transferability. The BioMarin Common Shares and the Exchangeable Shares upon their issuance at the Effective Time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Plan will not be restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 of the Securities Act, will not bear a restrictive legend and will be fully transferable under U.S. federal securities laws by the holders thereof (subject to Rule 145(d) under the Securities Act). 5.11 Disclosure. No representation or warranty of BioMarin or Newco in this Agreement and no information contained in the Company Ancillary Agreement, any Ancillary Agreement or any other agreement executed by BioMarin or Newco in connection with the 31 Execution Version Transactions contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to make the statements herein or therein not misleading. ARTICLE VI COVENANTS The Company and BioMarin each covenant with the other as follows: 6.1 Further Assurances. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the parties agree, both before and after the Closing, to (a) use commercially reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective the Transactions, (b) execute any documents, instruments or conveyances of any kind which may be reasonably necessary or advisable to carry out any of the Transactions, and (c) cooperate with each other in connection with the foregoing. Without limiting the foregoing, the parties agree to cooperate with each other and use their respective commercially reasonable efforts to (w) obtain all necessary waivers, consents and approvals from other parties to consummate the Transactions; (x) obtain all necessary Permits as are required to be obtained under any Regulations, (y) give all notices to, and make all registrations and filings with, third parties, including, without limitation, submissions of information requested by Governmental Authorities, and (z) fulfill all conditions to the consummation of the Transactions. Each party will commence all action required under this Section 6.1 by a date which is early enough to allow the Transactions to be consummated as soon as practicable prior to the Termination Date. 6.2 No Solicitation. (a) From the date hereof through the Closing or the earlier termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not, and shall cause its shareholders or Representatives (including, without limitation, investment bankers, attorneys and accountants), not to, directly or indirectly, enter into, solicit, initiate or continue any discussions or negotiations with, or encourage or respond to any inquiries or proposals by, or participate in any negotiations with, or provide any information to, or otherwise cooperate in any other way with any Person or group, other than BioMarin and their Representatives, concerning any sale of all or a portion of the Assets or any shares of the Company's Stock, including, without limitation, any merger, consolidation, liquidation, dissolution or similar transaction (each such transaction being referred to herein as a "Proposed Acquisition Transaction"). The Company and its Affiliates shall not, directly or indirectly, through any Representative or otherwise, solicit, initiate or encourage the submission of any proposal or offer from any Person (including, without limitation, a "person" as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) or entity relating to any Proposed Acquisition Transaction or participate in any negotiations regarding, or furnish to any other Person any information with respect to the Company or the Assets for the purposes of, or otherwise cooperate in any way with, or assist or participate in, facilitate or encourage, any effort or attempt by any other Person to seek or effect a Proposed Acquisition Transaction. The Company agrees not to release any third party from, or waive any provision of, any confidentiality agreement to which the Company is a party. 32 Execution Version (b) The Company will immediately notify BioMarin if any discussions or negotiations are sought to be initiated, any inquiry or proposal is made, or any information is requested with respect to any Proposed Acquisition Transaction and notify BioMarin of the terms of (and provide BioMarin with a copy of) any proposal which it may receive in respect of any such Proposed Acquisition Transaction, including, without limitation, the identity of the prospective purchaser or soliciting party. 6.3 Notification of Certain Matters. From the date hereof through the Closing, (a) the Company shall give prompt notice to BioMarin of (i) the occurrence, or failure to occur, of any event which occurrence or failure would be likely to cause any representation or warranty made by the Company contained in this Agreement, the Company Ancillary Agreement or in any exhibit or Schedule hereto or thereto to be untrue or inaccurate and (ii) any failure of the Company or any of its Affiliates, or of any of its shareholders or Representatives, to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it under this Agreement or any exhibit or Schedule hereto and (b) BioMarin shall give prompt notice to the Company of (i) the occurrence, or failure to occur, of any event which occurrence or failure would be likely to cause any representation or warranty of BioMarin or Newco contained in this Agreement or in any exhibit or Schedule hereto to be untrue or inaccurate and (ii) any failure of BioMarin or Newco to comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it under this Agreement or any exhibit or Schedule hereto; provided, however, that such disclosure under this Section 6.3 shall not be deemed to cure any breach of a representation, warranty, covenant or agreement or to satisfy any condition. The Company shall promptly notify BioMarin of any Default, the threat or commencement of any Action, or any development that occurs before the Closing that could reasonably be anticipated in any way to materially and adversely affect the Company or materially and adversely affect the Company's ability to consummate the Transactions. 6.4 Access. (a) Prior to the Effective Date. Between the date hereof and the Effective Date, the Company will give to BioMarin and its Representatives full access to the Company's facilities, employees and all the properties, documents, contracts, personnel files and other records of the Company and shall furnish BioMarin with copies of such documents and with such information with respect to the Company as BioMarin may from time to time reasonably request. The Company will disclose to BioMarin and make available to it and its Representatives all books, contracts, accounts, personnel records, letters of intent, papers, records, communications with regulatory authorities and other documents reasonably relating to the Company. All such access shall be granted during normal business hours. (b) After the Effective Date. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Section, for each of the first four (4) calendar quarters ending after the Effective Date and for each semi-annual period thereafter, BioMarin will prepare a report (a "Report") summarizing activities related to the development of the Company Technology during the quarter or semi-annual period, as applicable, then ended. BioMarin shall deliver to the Shareholder Designee (as defined below) each Report within thirty (30) days after the end of the period to which it relates. The Shareholder Designee shall initially be Mr. Yad Garcha and should such person cease to act as the Shareholder Designee for any reason, or no reason, a replacement shall be chosen by 33 Execution Version mutual agreement of BioMarin and the Majority Shareholders (as such term is defined in the Escrow Agreement). Subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Section, the Shareholder Designee shall have the right at its expense to meet in person with a representative of BioMarin at BioMarin's principal offices not more than twice during the year following the Effective Date and not more than once per year thereafter to discuss the most recently delivered Report. BioMarin's obligations under this Section shall continue only until the earlier of (x) the Automatic Redemption Date (as defined in the Exchangeable Shares Terms), and (y) the date by which Newco or BioMarin Nova Scotia has paid in the aggregate Redemption Price(s) or Redemption Call Price(s) (as defined in the Exchangeable Shares Terms ) for the Exchangeable Shares of eight million dollars ($8,000,000). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company acknowledges and agrees that: (i) the management of the Company and employment of its capital, resources and personnel, including the Company Technology, shall be solely within the business judgment and discretion of BioMarin, any of its management designees and the officers and directors of the Company, (ii) BioMarin has no obligation to consider the views of the Shareholder Designee with respect to any and all matters affecting the Company and its business, finances and affairs, including the Company Technology, and (iii) BioMarin shall have no liability or obligation to the Shareholder Designee or any Company Shareholder with respect to the business judgment, management, and discretion exercised by BioMarin, its management designees or the officers and directors of the Company regarding the Company's business, its assets, liabilities, employees or resources or the use, development or deployment thereof, including, but not limited to, the development of the Company Technology. 6.5 Conduct of Business. From the date hereof through the Closing, the Company shall operate in the Ordinary Course, and the Company will not take any action inconsistent with this Agreement or with the consummation of the Transactions. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will not do any of the following without the prior written consent of BioMarin, which may be withheld by BioMarin in its sole and absolute discretion: (a) change or amend its Organizational Documents; (b) enter into, extend, materially modify, terminate or renew any Contract or Lease, except in the Ordinary Course; (c) sell, assign, transfer, convey, lease, mortgage, pledge or otherwise dispose of or encumber any of the Assets, or any interests therein, except in the Ordinary Course; (d) except in the Ordinary Course, incur any Liability; (e) (i) take any action with respect to the grant of any bonus, severance or termination pay (otherwise than in the Ordinary Course) or with respect to any increase of benefits payable under its severance or termination pay policies or agreements in effect on the date hereof or increase in any manner the compensation or fringe benefits of any employee (other than as may be required pursuant to the terms of an existing Contract, which requirement and terms are described in the Company Ancillary Agreement) or pay any benefit not required by any existing employee plan or policy; (ii) make any change in its management structure; 34 Execution Version (iii) adopt, enter into or amend any employee plan, agreement (including, without limitation, any employment agreement), trust, fund or other arrangement for the benefit or welfare of any employee, except for any such amendment as may be required to comply with applicable Regulations; or (iv) fail to maintain all employee plans in accordance with applicable Regulations in all material respects; (f) acquire by merger or consolidation with, or merge or consolidate with, or purchase substantially all of the assets of, or otherwise acquire any assets or business of any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization or division thereof; (g) declare, set aside, make or pay any dividend or other distribution to, or make any other payment for any reason to the shareholders of the Company or any Affiliate of any of such shareholders; (h) willingly allow or permit to be done, any act by which any of the Insurance Policies may be suspended, impaired or canceled; (i) (i) fail to pay its accounts payable and any debts owed or obligations due, or pay or discharge when due any Liabilities, in the Ordinary Course other than accounts payable or debts that are the subject of good faith disputes and for which appropriate reserves are established in the Financial Statements; or (ii) fail to use its reasonable commercial efforts to collect its accounts receivable in the Ordinary Course; (j) enter into (other than in the Ordinary Course and as would not have a Material Adverse Effect), renew, modify or revise any agreement or transaction with, or forgive any indebtedness of the Company or any of its Affiliates; (k) fail to maintain the Assets in substantially their current state of repair, excepting normal wear and tear; (l) make any loans or advances to any Person, except for advances to any employee for reasonable business expenses incurred in the Ordinary Course; (m) make any income tax election or settlement or compromise with tax authorities; (n) fail to comply in all material respects with all Regulations applicable to it; (o) intentionally do any other act for the purpose of causing any representation or warranty of the Company in this Agreement to be or become untrue in any material respect (or in any respect if such representation or warranty is qualified as to materiality); 35 Execution Version (p) fail to use its reasonable efforts, consistent with past or reasonable commercial practices, to (i) retain its employees and (ii) maintain the Company so that such employees will remain available to BioMarin on and after the Effective Date, (iii) maintain existing relationships with suppliers, customers and others having business dealings with it and (iv) otherwise to preserve the goodwill of the Company so that such relationships and goodwill will be preserved on and after the Effective Date; (q) make any payment of any kind whatsoever to or on behalf of any shareholder, beneficiary, member or partner of the Company or any Affiliate of the Company, whether in payment of an account payable or debt owed or obligation due or Liability to any such Person or otherwise; (r) license any of its Intellectual Property, including the Company Technology, to any Person; or (s) enter into any agreement, or otherwise become obligated, to do any action prohibited hereunder. 6.6 New Company Products. BioMarin and the Company have developed a business plan to allocate funding to products of the Company that use the Company Technology but that are not New BioMarin Products (such products, "New Company Products"), based on a reasonable determination of what resources are necessary (using standards commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry) in order to demonstrate certain levels of proof of principle, sufficient to generate interest from third parties for such New Company Products. Notwithstanding the foregoing, BioMarin shall not be bound by such business plan and shall have the sole authority and right to make and direct investment decisions of the Company, including, without limitation, any decision related to the Company Technology. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company acknowledges and agrees that: (i) the management of the Company and employment of its capital, resources and personnel, including the Company Technology, shall be solely within the business judgment and discretion of BioMarin, any of its management designees and the officers and directors of the Company, (ii) BioMarin shall not be bound by, and in its sole and absolute discretion may deviate from, such Business Plan, and (iii) BioMarin shall have no liability or obligation to any Company Shareholder with respect to the business judgment, management, and discretion exercised by BioMarin, its management designees or the officers and directors of the Company regarding the Company's business, its assets, liabilities, employees or resources or the use, development or deployment thereof, including, but not limited to, the development of the Company Technology. 6.7 Management Information Circular; Board Recommendations; Other Filings. (a) As promptly as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, the Company will prepare the Management Information Circular. BioMarin shall provide promptly to the Company such information concerning its business and financial and other affairs as, in the reasonable judgment of BioMarin or its counsel, may be required or appropriate for inclusion in the Management Information Circular, or in any amendments or supplements thereto, and shall cause its counsel and auditors to cooperate with the other's counsel and auditors in the preparation of the Management Information Circular. The Company will afford BioMarin an 36 Execution Version opportunity to review the Management Information Circular and all materials to be submitted to the Court, and shall make all such changes as are reasonably requested. The Company will respond to any comments of the Court with the acceptance of BioMarin and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the Interim Order issued as promptly as practicable after such filing. The Company will cause the Management Information Circular to be mailed to its shareholders at the earliest practicable time after the Interim Order has been granted by the Court. As promptly as practicable after the date of this Agreement, the Company and BioMarin will prepare and file any other filings required to be filed by it pursuant to the requirements of the CBCA, the Interim Order, and applicable Regulations relating to the Arrangement and the Transactions (the "Other Filings"). Each of the Company and BioMarin will notify the other promptly upon the receipt of any comments from the Court or its staff or any other government officials and of any request by the Court or its staff or any other government officials for amendments or supplements to the Management Information Circular or any Other Filing or for additional information and will supply the other with copies of all correspondence between such party or any of its Representatives, on the one hand, and the Court or its staff or any other government officials, on the other hand, with respect to the Management Information Circular, the Arrangement or any Other Filing. Each of the Company and BioMarin will cause all documents that it is responsible for filing with the Court or other regulatory authorities under this Section 6.7(a) to comply in all material respects with all applicable Regulations. Whenever any event occurs which is required to be set forth in an amendment or supplement to the Management Information Circular or any Other Filing, the Company or BioMarin, as the case may be, will promptly inform the other of such occurrence and cooperate in filing with the Court or its staff or any other government officials, and/or mailing to shareholders of the Company, such amendment or supplement. (b) Each of the Company and BioMarin shall ensure that the information supplied by it in writing for inclusion in the Management Information Circular does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements contained therein not misleading in light of the circumstances in which they are made. (c) The Management Information Circular will include the recommendation of the Board of Directors that the shareholders of the Company vote in favor of approval of the Arrangement. (d) As soon as practicable after the execution of this Agreement, BioMarin shall prepare, with the co-operation of the Company, applications and will file such applications with the Commissions in the Provinces of British Columbia and Ontario and exercise its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Commissions to grant the Securities Exemption Orders. BioMarin and the Company shall each use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such applications to comply with the requirements of Canadian Securities Legislation. Each of BioMarin and the Company agrees to provide promptly to the other such information concerning its business and financial and other affairs as, in the reasonable judgment of the providing party or its counsel, may be required or appropriate for inclusion in such applications, or in any amendments or supplements thereto, and to cause its counsel and auditors to co-operate with the other's counsel and auditors in the preparation of such application. The Company will promptly advise BioMarin, and BioMarin will promptly advise the Company, in writing, if at any time 37 Execution Version prior to the Effective Time either the Company or BioMarin shall obtain Knowledge of any facts that might make it necessary or appropriate to amend or supplement the applications in order to make the statements contained or incorporated by reference therein not misleading or to comply with Canadian Securities Legislation. 6.8 Meeting of the Company Shareholders. (a) Promptly after the date hereof, the Company will take all action pursuant to the requirements of the CBCA, the Interim Order, applicable Regulations and the Organizational Documents to convene the Company Shareholders Meeting to be held as promptly as practicable, and in any event the Company will use its reasonable commercial efforts to convene such meeting not later than February 28, 2002 for the purpose of voting upon the Arrangement. The Company shall ensure that the Company Shareholders Meeting is called, noticed, convened, held and conducted, and that all proxies solicited in connection with the Company Shareholders Meeting are solicited, in compliance with all applicable Regulations (including the Interim Order and the Organizational Documents). The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to solicit from its shareholders proxies in favor of the approval of the Arrangement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company may adjourn or postpone the Company Shareholders Meeting to the extent necessary to ensure that any necessary supplement or amendment to the Management Information Circular is provided to the Company's shareholders in advance of a vote on the Arrangement or, if as of the time for which the Company Shareholders Meeting is originally scheduled (as set forth in the Management Information Circular) there are insufficient Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares represented (either in Person or by proxy) to constitute a quorum necessary to conduct the business of the Company Shareholders Meeting. (b) The Board of Directors shall recommend that the Company's shareholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve the Arrangement at the Company Shareholders Meeting. The Management Information Circular shall include a statement to the effect that the Board of Directors has recommended (unanimously, if such is the case) that the Company's shareholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve the Arrangement at the Company Shareholders Meeting. Neither the Board of Directors nor any committee thereof shall withdraw, amend or modify, or propose or resolve to withdraw, amend or modify in a manner adverse to BioMarin, the recommendation of the Board of Directors that the Company's shareholders vote in favor of and adopt and approve the Arrangement. ARTICLE VII CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS of the company The obligations of the Company to consummate the Transactions are subject to the satisfaction, on or prior to the Effective Date, of each of the following conditions, any of which may be waived by the Company: 7.1 Representations, Warranties and Covenants. The representations and warranties of BioMarin set forth in this Agreement shall be true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Effective Date as though made on and as of the Effective Date, except 38 Execution Version to the extent that such representations and warranties expressly relate to an earlier date (in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct on and as of such earlier date). BioMarin shall have performed all agreements and covenants required hereby to be performed by it prior to or on the Effective Date. 7.2 Permits, Consents and Regulatory Compliance. The Permits, consents, approvals and waivers from Governmental Authorities and other parties necessary to the consummation of the Transactions described in the Company Ancillary Agreement shall have been obtained. The applicable waiting period, including any extension thereof, under the HSR Act shall have expired, if so required. 7.3 No Actions or Court Orders. No Action by any Governmental Authority or other Person shall have been instituted or, to the extent the Company reasonably concludes that there is a basis therefor, threatened which questions the validity or legality of the Transactions and which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There shall not be any Regulation or Court Order that makes the Transactions illegal or otherwise prohibited. 7.4 Opinions of Counsel. (a) United States Counsel. BioMarin shall have delivered to the Company an opinion of Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP, special counsel to BioMarin, dated as of the Effective Date, in form and substance as set forth in Exhibit C-1 to the Company Ancillary Agreement. (b) Canadian Counsel. BioMarin shall have delivered to the Company an opinion of Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP, special counsel to BioMarin, dated as of the Effective Date, in form and substance as set forth in Exhibit C-2 to the Company Ancillary Agreement. 7.5 Certificates. BioMarin shall furnish the Company with such certificates of its officers and others to evidence compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 7.1 as may be reasonably requested by the Company. 7.6 Corporate Documents. The Company shall have received from BioMarin resolutions adopted by the board of directors of BioMarin approving this Agreement and the Transactions, certified by BioMarin's corporate secretary. 7.7 Shareholder Approval. The Arrangement shall have been duly approved by the Required Company Shareholder Vote, and in accordance with any additional conditions which may be imposed by the Interim Order and which are satisfactory to the Company, acting reasonably. 7.8 Securities Exemption Orders. BioMarin and the Company shall have received all necessary Securities Exemption Orders. 7.9 Court Orders. The Interim Order and the Final Order shall each have been obtained on terms satisfactory to the Company, acting reasonably, and shall not have been set aside or modified in a manner unacceptable to the Company on appeal or otherwise. 39 Execution Version 7.10 Support Agreement. BioMarin shall deliver an executed Support Agreement in the form attached to this Agreement as Exhibit F. 7.11 No Material Change. No act, event or condition shall have occurred after the date hereof which has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change with respect to BioMarin. ARTICLE VIII CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS OF BIOMARIN AND NEWCO The obligations of BioMarin and Newco to consummate the Transactions are subject to the satisfaction, on or prior to the Effective Date, of each of the following conditions, any of which conditions may be waived by BioMarin; provided, however, that the occurrence of the Closing will not be deemed a waiver of the breach of any representation or warranty of the Company hereunder: 8.1 Representations, Warranties and Covenants. The representations and warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement and the Company Ancillary Agreement shall be true and correct as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Effective Date as though made on and as of the Effective Date, except to the extent that such representations and warranties expressly relate to an earlier date (in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct on and as of such earlier date). The Company shall have performed all agreements and covenants required hereby to be performed by it prior to or on the Effective Date. 8.2 Permits, Consents and Regulatory Compliance. All Permits, consents, approvals and waivers from Governmental Authorities and other parties necessary to the consummation of the Transactions shall have been obtained. The applicable waiting period, including any extension thereof, under the HSR Act shall have expired, if so required. 8.3 No Actions or Court Orders. No Action by any Governmental Authority or other Person shall have been instituted or, to the extent BioMarin reasonably concludes there is a basis therefor, threatened which questions the validity or legality of the Transactions and which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There shall not be any Regulation or Court Order that makes the Transactions illegal or otherwise prohibited. 8.4 Opinion of Counsel. The Company shall have delivered to BioMarin an opinion of Koffman Kalef, special counsel to the Company, dated as of the Effective Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to BioMarin, with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit D to the Company Ancillary Agreement. 8.5 Certificates. The Company shall furnish BioMarin with such certificates of its officers and others to evidence compliance with the conditions set forth in Section 8.1 as may be reasonably requested by BioMarin. 8.6 Release of All Claims. Each of Reinhard Gabathuler, Z. Sam Ruttonsha and Malcolm Kennard shall have executed and delivered to the Company a general release of all 40 Execution Version claims against the Company in the form attached as Exhibit E to the Company Ancillary Agreement (the "General Release"). 8.7 Ancillary Agreements. The following agreements ("Ancillary Agreements") will be delivered, or will have been delivered, as follows: (a) Reinhard Gabathuler shall have delivered an executed employment agreement with the Company in a form acceptable to BioMarin in its sole discretion. (b) The Company, the Shareholders' Representative and the Majority Shareholders shall deliver the Escrow Agreement. (c) The Shareholders' Representative shall deliver the Shareholders' Representative Agreement duly executed by it and the Majority Shareholders (as defined in the Escrow Agreement). 8.8 Shareholders Approval. The Arrangement shall have been duly approved by Required Company Shareholder Vote, and in accordance with any additional conditions which may be imposed by the Interim Order and which are satisfactory to BioMarin, acting reasonably. 8.9 Corporate Documents. BioMarin shall have received from the Company resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors approving this Agreement and the Transactions, certified by the Company's corporate secretary. 8.10 Court Orders. The Interim Order and the Final Order shall each have been obtained on terms satisfactory to BioMarin, acting reasonably, and shall not have been set aside or modified in a manner unacceptable to BioMarin on appeal or otherwise. 8.11 Securities Exemption Orders. BioMarin and the Company shall have received all necessary Securities Exemption Orders. 8.12 No Material Change. No act, event or condition shall have occurred after the date hereof which has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change with respect the Company. 8.13 Return of Deposit. BioMarin shall have received from the Company a repayment of its good faith deposit of $100,000 paid pursuant to the Memorandum of Understanding by and between the Company and BioMarin dated September 6, 2001. 8.14 Termination of Certain Agreements. The following agreements shall have been terminated pursuant to an agreement reasonably acceptable to BioMarin: (a) that certain Amended and Restated Shareholders' Agreement, as amended dated as of January 19, 2000, by and among the Company, 442668 B.C. Ltd., Dr. Wilfred Jefferies, MDS Ventures Pacific Inc. (in its capacity as General Partner of British Columbia Life Sciences Limited Partnership and on behalf of Royal Bank Ventures Inc.), Neuroscience Partners Limited Partnership, Canadian Medical Discoveries Fund Inc., Ventures West VI Limited Partnership, Bank of Montreal Capital Corporation, Working Opportunity Fund (EVCC) Ltd., Business Development Bank of Canada, Royal Bank Ventures Inc., and Futurefund Capital (VCC) Corporation; (b) Consulting, 41 Execution Version Non-Competition and Confidentiality Agreement dated as of June 22, 2001, by and among Synapse Technologies Inc., Hanbury Management Ltd., and Z. Sam Ruttonsha, as amended by that certain letter agreement dated December 17, 2001; (c) Indemnity Agreement dated as of June 22, 2001, by and between Working Opportunity Fund (EVCC) Ltd., Sam Ruttonsha and Synapse Technologies Inc.; (d) Letter Agreement dated as of January 18, 2001, by and among Research Capital Corporation, TD Securities Inc. and Synapse Technologies Inc., as amended by Amendment to Letter Agreement of January 18, 2001, dated as of July 16, 2001, by and between Research Capital Corporation and Synapse Technologies Inc.; and (e) Letter Agreement dated as of September 6, 2001, by and between Research Capital Corporation and Synapse Technologies Inc. 8.15 Dissenters. Holders of: (i) no more than one percent (1%) in the aggregate of the issued and outstanding Company Common Shares; and (ii) no more than one percent (1%) in the aggregate of the Company Preferred Shares shall have exercised (and not withdrawn such exercise) Dissenters' Rights in respect of the Arrangement. ARTICLE IX SURVIVAL; INDEMNIFICATION 9.1 Survival of Representations. The representations and warranties of the parties hereto contained in this Agreement, the Company Ancillary Agreement or in any writing executed by a party hereto and delivered at the Closing pursuant to this Agreement shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement until the third anniversary of the Closing; provided, however, that the representations of the Company set forth in Sections 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.19, 4.20, 4.22, 4.27 and 4.28 shall survive indefinitely. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any obligation in respect of a claim for indemnity as a result of a breach of any representation or warranty of any party that is asserted in writing with reasonable specificity as to the nature and, if then determinable, amount of the claim prior to the third anniversary shall survive past such date. 9.2 Indemnification. (a) By the Company. The Company shall indemnify, save and hold harmless BioMarin, its Affiliates and Subsidiaries, and each of their respective Representatives, from and against any and all Damages, incurred in connection with, arising out of, resulting from or incident to (i) any breach of any representation or warranty or the inaccuracy of any representation, made by the Company in or pursuant to this Agreement or the Company Ancillary Agreement, or (ii) any breach of any covenant or agreement made by the Company in or pursuant to this Agreement or the Company Ancillary Agreement. The term "Damages" as used in this Section is not limited to matters asserted by third parties against the Company or BioMarin, but includes Damages incurred or sustained by any of them in the absence of third party claims. (b) By BioMarin. BioMarin shall indemnify and save and hold harmless the Company and its respective Representatives from and against any and all Damages incurred in connection with, arising out of, resulting from or incident to (i) any breach of any representation or warranty or the inaccuracy of any representation, made by BioMarin or Newco in or pursuant 42 Execution Version to this Agreement or (ii) any breach of any covenant or agreement made by BioMarin or Newco in or pursuant to this Agreement. (c) Cooperation. The indemnified party shall cooperate in all reasonable respects with the indemnifying party and such attorneys in the investigation, trial and defense of such lawsuit or action and any appeal arising therefrom; provided, however, that the indemnified party may, at its own cost, participate in the investigation, trial and defense of such lawsuit or action and any appeal arising therefrom. The parties shall cooperate with each other in any notifications to insurers. (d) Defense of Claims. If a claim for Damages (a "Claim") is to be made by a party entitled to indemnification hereunder against the indemnifying party or parties, the party claiming such indemnification shall give written notice (a "Claim Notice") to the indemnifying party as soon as practicable after the party entitled to indemnification becomes aware of any fact, condition or event which may give rise to Damages for which indemnification may be sought under this Section 9.2. The failure of any indemnified party to give timely notice hereunder shall not affect rights to indemnification hereunder, except to the extent that the indemnifying party demonstrates actual damage caused by such failure. After such notice, the indemnifying party shall be entitled, if it so elects at its own cost, risk and expense, (i) to take control of the defense and investigation of such lawsuit or action, (ii) to employ and engage attorneys of its own choice to handle and defend the same unless the named parties to such action or proceeding include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified party and the indemnified party has been advised in writing by counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to such indemnified party that are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, in which event the indemnified party shall be entitled, at the indemnifying party's cost, risk and expense, to separate counsel of its own choosing, and (iii) to compromise or settle such claim, which compromise or settlement shall be made only with the written consent of the indemnified party or parties, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld; provided, however, if the remediation or resolution of any such Claim will occur on or at any property or is reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the operations of the Company and the indemnified parties are one or more of BioMarin and the Company or their respective Affiliates, Subsidiaries or Representatives in their capacities as such, then, notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnified party shall be entitled to control such remediation or resolution, including, without limitation, to take control of the defense and investigation of such lawsuit or action, to employ and engage attorneys of its own choice to handle and defend the same, at the indemnifying parties' cost, risk and expense, and to compromise or settle such Claim. If the indemnifying party fails to assume the defense of such claim within fifteen (15) calendar days after receipt of the Claim Notice, the indemnified party against which such claim has been asserted will, upon delivering notice to such effect to the indemnifying party, have the right to undertake at the indemnifying party's or parties' cost and expense, the defense, compromise or settlement of such claim on behalf of and for the account and risk of the indemnifying party; provided, however, that such Claim shall not be compromised or settled without the written consent of the indemnifying party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. In the event the indemnified party assumes the defense of the claim, the indemnified party will keep the indemnifying party or parties reasonably informed of the progress of any such defense, compromise or settlement. The indemnifying party or parties shall be liable for any settlement of any action effected pursuant to and in accordance with this Section 9.2 and for any final judgment (subject to any right of appeal), and the 43 Execution Version indemnifying party or parties agree to indemnify and hold harmless the indemnified party from and against any Damages by reason of such settlement or judgment. ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS 10.1 Termination. (a) Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior to the Closing: (i) By mutual written consent of the Company and BioMarin; (ii) By BioMarin or the Company if the Closing shall not have occurred on or before the "Termination Date" (as defined below); provided, however, that this provision shall not be available to a party if any other party has the right (or upon lapse of the ten (10) day period referred to in the following clause (iii) or clause (iv) would have the right) to terminate this Agreement under clause (iii) or clause (iv) of this Section 10.1(a); (iii) By the Company in the event of a material breach by BioMarin or Newco of any representation, warranty, covenant or other agreement contained in this Agreement which (A) would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in this Agreement and (B) cannot be or has not been cured within ten (10) days after the giving of written notice to BioMarin of such breach (a "Material Breach") provided that the Company is not then in material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or other agreement contained in this Agreement; provided, however, that a breach of the covenants set forth in Section 10.13 (Confidentiality) shall not be subject to the ten (10) day cure period; (iv) By BioMarin in the event of a material breach by the Company of any representation, warranty, covenant or other agreement contained in this Agreement which (A) would give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in this Agreement and (B) cannot be or has not been cured within ten (10) days after the giving of written notice to the breaching party of such breach (a "Material Breach") provided that BioMarin is not then in material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or other agreement contained in this Agreement; provided, however, that a breach of the covenants set forth in Section 6.2 (Non-Solicitation) and Section 10.13 (Confidentiality) shall not be subject to the ten (10) day cure period; or (v) By either BioMarin or the Company if any court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Authority shall have issued an order, decree or ruling or taken any other action permanently enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting the Transactions and such order, decree, ruling or other action shall have become final and nonappealable. The term "Termination Date" shall mean April 15, 2002. 44 Execution Version (b) In the Event of Termination. In the event of termination of this Agreement: (i) Each party will deliver all documents, work papers and other material of any other parties relating to the Transactions, whether so obtained before or after the execution hereof, to the party furnishing the same; and (ii) All further obligations of the parties under this Agreement will terminate, except that the obligations in Section 10.9 (Expenses) and Section 10.13 (Confidentiality) will survive; provided, however, that if this Agreement is terminated by a party because of a Material Breach by the other party or because one or more of the conditions to the terminating party's obligations under this Agreement is not satisfied as a result of the other party's failure to comply with its obligations under this Agreement, the terminating party's right to pursue all legal remedies will survive such termination unimpaired. (c) Other Remedies. Each party's right of termination under this Section 10.1(c) is in addition to any other rights it may have under this Agreement or otherwise, and the exercise of a right of termination will not be an election of remedies. 10.2 Equitable Remedies. In addition to legal remedies, in recognition of the fact that remedies at law would be inadequate, which the parties hereby acknowledge, the parties hereto shall be entitled to equitable remedies for breaches or defaults hereunder, including, without limitation, specific performance and injunction, and no provision of this Agreement shall limit or restrict the availability of specific performance or injunctive or other equitable relief. 10.3 Assignment; Successors and Assigns; Third Party Beneficiaries. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights or obligations hereunder may be assigned by any party without the prior written consent of the other parties. Subject to the foregoing, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns, and no other Person shall have any right, benefit or obligation under this Agreement as a third party beneficiary or otherwise. 10.4 Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications which are required or may be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when received if personally delivered; when transmitted if transmitted by telecopy, electronic or digital transmission method (upon confirmation of delivery); the business day after it is sent, if sent for next day delivery to a domestic address by recognized overnight delivery service (e.g., Federal Express); and upon receipt, if sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. In each case, notice shall be sent to: 45 Execution Version If to the Company, addressed to: Synapse Technologies Inc. 6660 NW Marine Drive Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Facsimile: 604-822-1939 Attention: Mr. Sam Ruttonsha Chief Executive Officer with a copy to: Koffman Kalef 885 West Georgia Street, 19th Floor Vancouver, BC V6C 3H4 Facsimile: 604-891-3788 Attention: Bernard G. Poznanski, Esq. If to BioMarin or Newco: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. 371 Bel Marin Keys Boulevard, Suite 210 Novato, California 94949 Facsimile: 415-382-7889 Attention: Mr. Fredric Price Chairman and Chief Executive Officer with copies to: Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP 555 South Flower Street, Suite 2300 Los Angeles, California 90071 Facsimile: 213-627-0705 Attention: Siobhan M. Burke, Esq. Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP Suite 2100 Scotia Plaza 40 King Street West Toronto, Ontario M5H 3C2 Facsimile: 416-350-6933 Attention: Mark T. Bennett, Esq. 10.5 Dispute Resolution. (a) Each Party (as such term is defined herein) hereto hereby agrees that it shall attempt to settle any claim, controversy or dispute among the Parties hereto arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the Transactions (a "Dispute") by negotiating in good faith. If 46 Execution Version either Party has a Dispute, it shall deliver a written notice (a "Dispute Notice") of such Dispute to the other Party. If the Parties are unable by negotiating in good faith to resolve the Dispute within thirty (30) days of the delivery of such a Dispute Notice, then such Dispute shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the terms hereof, except for any Dispute arising from or in connection with any third party claim or proceeding contemplated under Section 9.2(d). Such arbitration may be initiated by either Party serving upon the other Party notice (i) stating that the notifying Party desires to have such controversy reviewed by a board of three arbitrators, and (ii) naming one person whom such Party chooses to act as one of the three arbitrators. Within fifteen (15) days after receipt of such a notice, the other Party shall designate one person to act as arbitrator and shall notify the Party requesting arbitration of such designation and the name of the person so designated. If the Party upon whom a request for arbitration is served shall fail to designate its arbitrator within fifteen (15) days after receipt of such a notice, then the arbitrator designated by the Party requesting arbitration shall act as the sole arbitrator to resolve the controversy at hand. For purposes of this Section 10.5, the term "Party" shall be deemed to mean BioMarin and Newco, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other. (b) If both Parties have designated an arbitrator, the two arbitrators designated as aforesaid shall promptly select a third arbitrator. If the two arbitrators chosen by the Parties hereto are not able to agree on such third arbitrator within thirty (30) days after the second arbitrator is designated, unless such time is extended by the Parties, then either arbitrator, on five (5) days' notice to the other, shall apply to the American Arbitration Association to designate and appoint such third arbitrator. (c) The Parties agree that all arbitrators chosen pursuant to Sections 10.5(a) and 10.5(b) above shall not in any manner be related to or affiliated with any Party. (d) Except as otherwise set forth herein, the arbitral proceedings shall be conducted in the English language and in accordance with and subject to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association in effect from time to time. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in the County of Marin, California. (e) The decision in writing of the arbitrators so selected or appointed shall be final and conclusive upon the Parties. The costs and expenses of arbitration, including the compensation and expenses of the arbitrator(s), shall be borne by the Parties as the arbitrator(s) may determine. Either Party may apply to any court which has jurisdiction for an order confirming an arbitration award hereunder. (f) In proceeding with arbitration provided for herein, and in making determinations thereunder, the arbitrator(s) shall not extend, modify or suspend any of the terms of this Agreement, the Company Ancillary Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement. A notice of or request or demand for arbitration will not operate to stay, postpone or rescind the effectiveness of any termination of this Agreement, the Company Ancillary Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement in accordance herewith or therewith. 47 Execution Version (g) The Parties agree that service of process in any proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the performance hereof may be made by personally serving an authorized recipient of such Party at the addresses set forth in Section 10.4 above. (h) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 10.5, the provisions set forth in this Section 10.5 shall not apply if the Closing occurs. 10.6 Choice of Law. This Agreement shall be construed, interpreted and the rights of the parties determined in accordance with the laws of the State of California (without reference to the choice of law provisions of California law), except to the extent relating to matters of corporate governance of the Company which shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the CBCA (without reference to the choice of law provisions of the CBCA, if any). Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally consents to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of California and of the United States of America in each case located in the County of Marin for any litigation arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the Transactions (and agrees not to commence any litigation relating thereto except in such courts), and further agrees that service of any process, summons, notice or document by U.S. (or Canadian ) registered mail to its respective address set forth in Section 10.4 shall be effective service of process for any litigation brought against it in any such court. Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives any objection to the laying of venue of any litigation arising out of this Agreement or the Transactions in the courts of the State of California or of the United States of America in each case located in the County of Marin and hereby further irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such litigation brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement. Each party hereto certifies that it has been induced to enter into this Agreement or instrument by, among other things, the mutual waivers and certifications set forth above in this Section 10.6. 10.7 Entire Agreement, Amendments and Waivers. This Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the First Amendment Agreement and shall be effective as of the date hereof. This Agreement, which amends and restates in its entirety the First Amendment Agreement, together with all schedules and exhibits hereto, including the Company Ancillary Agreement and all agreements entered into contemporaneously herewith or in furtherance of the Transactions constitute the entire agreement among the parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements, understandings, negotiations and discussions, whether oral or written, of the parties, including, without limitation, that certain Memorandum of Understanding entered into by and between BioMarin and the Company on September 6, 2001. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the parties hereto. No amendment, supplement, modification or waiver of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the party to be bound thereby. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provision hereof (whether or not similar), nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver unless otherwise expressly provided. 48 Execution Version 10.8 Multiple Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. 10.9 Expenses. Each party to this Agreement shall bear its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with the negotiation, execution and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. BioMarin acknowledges that upon the Closing, it shall be responsible for payment of those bonus and success fees set forth in Section 4.17 of the Company Ancillary Agreement. 10.10 Invalidity. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement or in any other instrument referred to herein, shall, for any reason, be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, then to the maximum extent permitted by law, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement or any other such instrument. 10.11 Titles; Gender. The titles, captions or headings of the Articles and Sections herein, and the use of the word "its" in lieu of "his" or "hers", are for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be a part of or to affect or restrict the meanings or interpretation of this Agreement. 10.12 Public Statements and Press Releases. The parties hereto covenant and agree that, except as provided for hereinbelow and as specifically provided in Section 6.7 with respect to the Management Information Circular, the Other Filings and in response to any comments from the Court and any request by the Court for amendments or supplements thereto or for any additional information with respect thereto, each will not from and after the date hereof until the Effective Date make, issue or release any public announcement, press release, statement or acknowledgment of the existence of, or reveal publicly the terms, conditions and status of, the Transactions, without the prior written consent of the other party as to the content and time of release of and the media in which such statements or announcement is to be made, except in the case of announcements, statements, acknowledgments or revelations (a) which either party is required by law to make, issue or release or (b) which are in or in connection with any filing made by BioMarin with the SEC, Nasdaq or the Swiss Stock Exchange. 10.13 Confidential Information. Except as expressly set forth in Section 10.12 with respect to information regarding the terms, conditions and status of the Transactions, each Party (as defined below) shall keep confidential all proprietary information (the "Confidential Information") obtained from the other Party or its Representatives in connection with the other Party, this Agreement and the Transactions and that all such Confidential Information obtained by it from the other Party or any of its Representatives shall be used solely for the purpose of evaluating the Transactions and for no other purpose. The term "Confidential Information" shall not include any information which: (a) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by the receiving Party or its Representatives; (b) becomes known to the receiving Party or its Representatives on a non-confidential basis from a source (other than the disclosing Party) which is not known to the receiving Party to be bound to the disclosing Party by a legal, contractual or fiduciary obligation; (c) was known to the receiving Party or its Representatives on or prior to the date hereof; or (d) was independently discovered or developed 49 Execution Version by the receiving Party without reference to any of the Confidential Information. If this Agreement is terminated without consummation of the Transactions, each Party shall return to the other Party all Confidential Information in its possession regarding the other Party and all copies and extracts thereof or with the consent of the other Party shall destroy all such Confidential Information and copies and extracts and shall deliver to the other Party evidence of destruction of such Confidential Information and copies and extracts as such other Party may reasonably request. For purposes of this Section 10.13, the term "Party" shall be deemed to mean BioMarin and Newco, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other. Notwithstanding the foregoing, from and after the Effective Time, BioMarin shall have no obligation pursuant to this Section 10.13 with respect to the Confidential Information of the Company. 10.14 Cumulative Remedies. All rights and remedies hereunder of either party hereto are cumulative of each other and of every other right, recovery or remedy such party may otherwise have at law or in equity, and the exercise of one or more rights or remedies shall not prejudice or impair the concurrent or subsequent exercise of other rights or remedies. 50 Execution Version IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed on their respective behalf, by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the day and year first above written. BIOMARIN PHARMACEUTICAL INC. By: /s/ Christopher M. Starr -------------------------------------------- Name: Christopher M. Starr Title: Senior Vice President, Research and Development BIOMARIN DELIVERY CANADA INC. By: /s/ Christopher M. Starr -------------------------------------------- Name: Christopher M. Starr Title: President SYNAPSE TECHNOLOGIES INC. By: /s/ Z. Sam Ruttonsha -------------------------------------------- Name: Z. Sam Ruttonsha Title: President and Chief Executive Officer 51 Execution Version EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit A Arrangement Resolution Exhibit B Exchangeable Shares Terms Exhibit C Plan of Arrangement Exhibit D Form of Letter of Transmittal Exhibit E Escrow Agreement Exhibit F Support Agreement Execution Version
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS...............................................................2 1.1 Defined Terms................................................................2 1.2 Other Defined Terms..........................................................9 ARTICLE II THE ARRANGEMENT..........................................................11 2.1 Implementation Steps by the Company.........................................11 2.2 Interim Order...............................................................11 2.3 Effect of the Arrangement...................................................11 2.4 Effect on Capital Stock.....................................................12 2.5 Dissenting Shares...........................................................12 2.6 Securities Compliance; Registration.........................................13 2.7 Surrender of Certificates...................................................15 2.8 No Further Ownership Rights in Company Common Shares or Company Preferred Shares ...........................................................16 2.9 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates......................................17 2.10 Tax Consequences............................................................17 2.11 Company Stock Options and Company Warrants..................................17 2.12 Transfer Taxes and Fees.....................................................18 ARTICLE III CLOSING..................................................................18 3.1 Closing.....................................................................18 ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY............................19 4.1 Organization of the Company; Organizational Documents.......................19 4.2 Capitalization..............................................................19 4.3 Subsidiaries................................................................20 4.4 Authorization...............................................................20 4.5 Absence of Certain Changes or Events........................................20 4.6 Encumbrances................................................................22 4.7 Condition of the Assets.....................................................22 4.8 Contracts and Commitments...................................................22 4.9 Permits; Consents and Approvals.............................................23 4.10 No Conflict or Violation....................................................24
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 4.11 Financial Statements........................................................24 4.12 Books and Records...........................................................24 4.13 Litigation..................................................................24 4.14 Labor Matters...............................................................24 4.15 Liabilities.................................................................25 4.16 Compliance with Law.........................................................25 4.17 No Brokers..................................................................25 4.18 No Other Agreement to Sell the Shares or Assets.............................25 4.19 Intellectual Property.......................................................25 4.20 Employee Benefit Plans......................................................27 4.21 Transactions with Affiliates................................................27 4.22 Tax Matters.................................................................28 4.23 Insurance...................................................................28 4.24 Employees...................................................................28 4.25 Payments....................................................................29 4.26 Business Relationships......................................................29 4.27 Compliance With Environmental and Health Laws...............................29 4.28 Disclosure..................................................................29 ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BIOMARIN AND NEWCO.....................29 5.1 Organization................................................................29 5.2 No Conflict or Violation....................................................29 5.3 Consents and Approvals......................................................30 5.4 SEC Filings.................................................................30 5.5 Absence of Certain Changes or Events........................................31 5.6 Suspension and Trading......................................................31 5.7 No Brokers..................................................................31 5.8 Securities..................................................................31 5.9 Securities Exemption........................................................31 5.10 Transferability.............................................................31 5.11 Disclosure..................................................................31
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page ARTICLE VI COVENANTS................................................................32 6.1 Further Assurances..........................................................32 6.2 No Solicitation.............................................................32 6.3 Notification of Certain Matters.............................................33 6.4 Access......................................................................33 6.5 Conduct of Business.........................................................34 6.6 New Company Products........................................................36 6.7 Management Information Circular; Board Recommendations; Other Filings.......36 6.8 Meeting of the Company Shareholders.........................................38 ARTICLE VII CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS of the company.............................38 7.1 Representations, Warranties and Covenants...................................38 7.2 Permits, Consents and Regulatory Compliance.................................39 7.3 No Actions or Court Orders..................................................39 7.4 Opinions of Counsel.........................................................39 7.5 Certificates................................................................39 7.6 Corporate Documents.........................................................39 7.7 Shareholder Approval........................................................39 7.8 Securities Exemption Orders.................................................39 7.9 Court Orders................................................................39 7.10 Support Agreement...........................................................40 7.11 No Material Change..........................................................40 ARTICLE VIII CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS OF BIOMARIN AND NEWCO..........................40 8.1 Representations, Warranties and Covenants...................................40 8.2 Permits, Consents and Regulatory Compliance.................................40 8.3 No Actions or Court Orders..................................................40 8.4 Opinion of Counsel..........................................................40 8.5 Certificates................................................................40 8.6 Release of All Claims.......................................................40 8.7 Ancillary Agreements........................................................41 8.8 Shareholders Approval.......................................................41
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page 8.9 Corporate Documents.........................................................41 8.10 Court Orders................................................................41 8.11 Securities Exemption Orders.................................................41 8.12 No Material Change..........................................................41 8.13 Return of Deposit...........................................................41 8.14 Termination of Certain Agreements...........................................41 8.15 Dissenters..................................................................42 ARTICLE IX SURVIVAL; INDEMNIFICATION................................................42 9.1 Survival of Representations.................................................42 9.2 Indemnification.............................................................42 ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS............................................................44 10.1 Termination.................................................................44 10.2 Equitable Remedies..........................................................45 10.3 Assignment; Successors and Assigns; Third Party Beneficiaries...............45 10.4 Notices.....................................................................45 10.5 Dispute Resolution..........................................................46 10.6 Choice of Law...............................................................48 10.7 Entire Agreement, Amendments and Waivers....................................48 10.8 Multiple Counterparts.......................................................49 10.9 Expenses....................................................................49 10.10 Invalidity..................................................................49 10.11 Titles; Gender..............................................................49 10.12 Public Statements and Press Releases........................................49 10.13 Confidential Information....................................................49 10.14 Cumulative Remedies.........................................................50
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EX-21 9 exhibit211listofsubs.txt BIOMARIN EXHIBIT 21.1 LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES Exhibit 21.1 List of Subsidiaries Jurisdiction of Incorporation / Subsidiaries of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. (Delaware) Organization - ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ Glyko, Inc. California Glyko, Inc. Delaware BioMarin / Genzyme LLC Delaware BioMarin Genetics, Inc. Delaware BioMarin Enzymes Inc. Delaware BioMarin Pharmaceutical Nova Scotia Company Nova Scotia BioMarin Holdings (Del.) Inc. Delaware BioMarin Pharmaceutical Delivery Nova Scotia Company Nova Scotia Synapse Technologies Inc. Canada BioMarin Holdings (Nova Scotia) Company Nova Scotia BioMarin Delivery Canada Inc. Canada BioMarin Acquisition (Del.) Inc. Delaware BioMarin Acquisition (Nova Scotia) Company Nova Scotia EX-23 10 consent032802.txt CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS Exhibit 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the inclusion of our report dated February 21, 2002 contained in BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2002, and to the incorporation by reference of such report in three of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.'s Registration Statements on form S-3, Registration Nos. 333-48800, 333-61322 and 333-72866. /s/ Arthur Andersen LLP San Francisco, California March 28, 2002 EX-99 11 lettertosec1bmrn.txt EXHIBIT 99.1 Exhibit 99.1 March 29, 2002 Securities and Exchange Commission 450 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20549 Re: Letter to Commission Pursuant to Temporary Note 3T Ladies and Gentlemen: Pursuant to Temporary Note 3T to Article 3 of Regulation S-X, Arthur Andersen LLP has represented to BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. by letter dated March 29, 2002, that its audit of the consolidated financial statements of BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. as of December 31, 2001 was subject to Andersen's quality control system for its U.S. accounting and auditing practice to provide reasonable assurance that the engagement was conducted in compliance with professional standards and that there was appropriate continuity of Andersen personnel working on the audit, availability of national office consultation and availability of personnel at foreign affiliates of Andersen to conduct the relevant portions of the audit. Very truly yours, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. By: /s/ Kim Tsuchimoto Name: Kim Tsuchimoto Title: Vice President, Controller
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