Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

Our Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of our majority owned subsidiaries, which we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we have variable interests and are the primary beneficiary. We continually evaluate our involvement with VIEs to determine when these criteria are met. Our fiscal year end is the last Friday of the calendar year or the first Friday subsequent to the end of the calendar year, whichever is closest to the end of the calendar year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassification of prior period balances have been made to confirm to current presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We classify as cash equivalents all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Trade Receivables and Concentrations of Credit Risk

Trade receivables less allowances are recognized on our accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at net realizable value, which approximates fair value. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and customers’ credit worthiness, as determined by our review of their current credit information. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience, specific customer collection issues that we have identified and reviews of the aging of trade receivables based on contractual terms. We generally do not require collateral on trade accounts receivable.

Our allowances for identified claims are recorded as a reduction to both trade accounts receivable and net sales. Write-off of accounts receivable is done only when all collection efforts have been exhausted without success. Accounts receivable from one customer represents approximately 11.2% of trade accounts receivable, net of allowance. This customer is current with its payments.

Other Accounts Receivable

Other accounts receivable less allowances are recognized on our accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at net realizable value, which approximates fair value. Other accounts receivable includes value-added taxes (“VAT”) receivables, seasonal advances to growers and suppliers, which are usually short-term in nature, and other financing receivables.

VAT are primarily related to purchases by production units and are refunded by the taxing authorities. As of December 29, 2017, we had $24.6 million, net of allowance of $0.9 million, classified as current in other accounts receivable and $23.6 million, net of allowance of $11.2 million, classified as other noncurrent assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 30, 2016, we had $21.1 million, net of allowance of $0.8 million, classified as current in other accounts receivable and $21.0 million, net of allowance of $12.5 million, classified as other noncurrent assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Advances to growers and suppliers are generally repaid to us as produce is harvested and sold. We require property liens and pledges of the current season’s produce as collateral to support the advances. Occasionally, we agree to a payment plan or take steps to recover advances through the liens or pledges. Refer to Note 8, “Financing Receivables” for further discussion on advances to growers and suppliers.

Allowances against VAT and advances to growers and suppliers are established based on our knowledge of the financial condition of the paying party and historical loss experience. Allowances are recorded and charged to expense when an account is deemed to be uncollectible. Recoveries of VAT and advances to growers and suppliers previously reserved in the allowance are credited to operating income.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed using the weighted average cost or first-in first-out methods for finished goods, which includes fresh produce and prepared food and the first-in first-out, actual cost or average cost methods for raw materials and packaging supplies. Raw materials and packaging supplies inventory consists primarily of agricultural supplies, containerboard, packaging materials, spare parts and fuel.

Inventories consisted of the following (U.S. dollars in millions):



	December 29, 2017		December 30, 2016
Finished goods	$	210.1	$	199.4
Raw materials and packaging supplies	165.4		134.0
Growing crops	166.3		159.8
Total inventories	$	541.8	$	493.2

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Growing Crops

Expenditures on pineapple, melon, tomato and non-tropical fruit growing crops are valued at the lower of cost or market and are deferred and charged to cost of products sold when the related crop is harvested and sold. The deferred growing costs included in inventories in our Consolidated Balance Sheets consist primarily of land preparation, cultivation, irrigation and fertilization costs. Expenditures related to banana crops are expensed in the year incurred due to the continuous nature of the crop.

Accounting for Planned Major Maintenance Activities

We account for planned major maintenance activities, such as ship dry-dock activities, consistent with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ™ (the “Codification” or “ASC”) guidance related to “Other Assets and Deferred Costs.” We utilize the deferral method of accounting for ship dry-dock activities whereby actual costs incurred are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period until the next scheduled dry-dock activity.

Investments in Unconsolidated Companies

Investments in unconsolidated companies are accounted for under the equity method of accounting for investments of 20% or more in companies over which we do not have control. See Note 4, “Investments in Unconsolidated Companies.”

Property, Plant and Equipment and Other Definite-Lived or Long-Lived Assets

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from ten to 40 years for buildings and leasehold improvements, five to 20 years for maritime and other equipment, including ships and containers, three to 20 years for machinery and equipment, three to seven years for furniture, fixtures and office equipment and five to 10 years for automotive equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the term of the lease, or the estimated useful life of the related asset, whichever is shorter. Definite-lived intangibles are amortized over their useful lives with a weighted average amortization period of 36.5 years. Amortization expense related to definite-lived intangible assets totaled $0.8 million for 2017, $0.8 million for 2016 and $0.7 million for 2015, and is included in cost of products sold.

When assets are retired or disposed of, the costs and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the respective accounts and any related gain or loss is recognized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Significant expenditures, which extend the useful lives of assets, are capitalized. Interest is capitalized as part of the cost of construction.

There are numerous uncertainties and inherent risks in conducting business, such as but not limited to general economic conditions, actions of competitors, ability to manage growth, actions of regulatory authorities, natural disasters such as earthquakes, crop disease, severe weather such as floods, pending investigations and/or litigation, customer demand and risk relating to international operations. Adverse effects from these risks may result in adjustments to the carrying value of our assets and liabilities in the future, including, but not necessarily limited to, long-lived assets.

We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the asset’s fair value, we measure and record an impairment loss for the excess. The fair value of an asset is measured by either determining the expected future undiscounted cash flow of the asset or by independent appraisal. For long-lived assets held for sale, we record impairment losses when the carrying amount is greater than the fair value less the cost to sell. We discontinue depreciation of long-lived assets when these assets are classified as held for sale and include the net book value of these assets in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Our long-lived assets are primarily composed of property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets. See Note 6, “Property, Plant and Equipment” and Note 7, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”

We incurred charges related to impairment of long-lived assets of $3.7 million in 2017, $6.0 million in 2016, and $3.1 million in 2015. Such charges are included in asset impairment and other charges, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 29, 2017, December 30, 2016 and January 1, 2016 and as described further in Note 3, “Asset Impairment and Other Charges, Net.”

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Our goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of business combinations over the fair value of the net assets acquired. We assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis as of the first day of our fourth quarter, or sooner if events indicate such a review is necessary. An impairment exists if the fair value of a reporting unit to which goodwill has been allocated, or the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, is less than their respective carrying values. The amount of the impairment to recognize, if any, is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value or the amount of the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value. Future changes in the estimates used to conduct the impairment review, including revenue projections, market values and changes in the discount rate used could cause the analysis to indicate that our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired in subsequent periods and result in a write-down of a portion or all of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets. The discount rate used is based on independently calculated risks, our capital mix and an estimated market premium.

See Note 7, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” for further discussion on the goodwill impairment charges.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of products has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We follow the guidance of the ASC Topic 605 “Revenue Recognition” with regards to recording revenue gross as a principal versus net as an agent, in our presentation of net sales. This guidance requires us to assess whether we act as a principal in the transaction. Where we are the principal in the transaction and have the risks and rewards of ownership, the transactions are recorded gross in the Consolidated Statements of Income. If we do not act as a principal in the transaction, the transactions are recorded on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Cost of Products Sold

Cost of products sold includes the cost of produce, packaging materials, labor, depreciation, overhead, transportation and other distribution costs, including handling costs incurred to deliver fresh produce or prepared products to customers.

Advertising and Promotional Costs

We expense advertising and promotional costs as incurred. Advertising and promotional costs, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, were $12.8 million for 2017, $17.2 million for 2016 and $17.6 million for 2015.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs relating to long-term debt are amortized over the term of the related debt instrument because the costs are primarily related to our revolving credit facility and are included in other noncurrent assets. Debt issuance cost amortization, which is included in interest expense, was $0.5 million for 2017, $0.5 million for 2016, and $0.5 million for 2015. See Note 11, “Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations” for further disclosure on our credit facility.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year end, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when it is deemed more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We account for income tax uncertainties consistent with the ASC guidance included in “Income Taxes,” which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The ASC also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

See Note 10, “Income Taxes,”

Environmental Remediation Liabilities

Losses associated with environmental remediation obligations are accrued when such losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. See Note 17, “Litigation.”

Currency Translation

For our operations in countries where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, balance sheet amounts are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Income statement amounts are translated monthly using the average exchange rate for the respective month. The gains and losses resulting from the changes in exchange rates from year-to-year and the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions of long-term investment nature are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as currency translation adjustments.

For our operations where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, non-monetary balance sheet amounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Other balance sheet amounts are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income statement

accounts, excluding those items of income and expenses that relate to non-monetary assets and liabilities, are translated at the average exchange rate for the month. These remeasurement adjustments are included in the determination of net income and are included in other income (expense), net.

Other expense, net, in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income includes a net foreign exchange loss of $2.0 million for 2017, $2.2 million for 2016, and $5.9 million for 2015. These amounts include the effect of foreign currency remeasurement and realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses.

Other Expense, Net

In addition to foreign currency gains and losses described above, other expense, net, also includes other items of non-operating income and expenses.

Leases

We lease property, plant and equipment for use in our operations. We evaluate leases consistent with the provisions of the ASC on “Leases.” We evaluate our leases at inception or at any subsequent modification and classify them as either a capital lease or an operating lease based on lease terms. For operating leases that contain rent escalations, rent holidays or rent concessions, rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease.

See Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies” for more information.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is measured in accordance with the ASC on “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measures required under other accounting pronouncements, but does not change existing guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair value. We measure fair value for financial instruments, such as derivatives on an ongoing basis. We measure fair value for non-financial assets, when a valuation is necessary, such as for impairment of long-lived and indefinite-lived assets when indicators of impairment exist.

See Note 19, “Fair Value Measurements” for more information.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation expense consistent with ASC guidance on “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” Our share-based payments are composed entirely of Share-based compensation expense as all equity awards granted to employees and members of our Board of Directors, each of whom meets the definition of an employee under the provisions of the ASC, are stock options, performance stock units, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted. We recognize share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of each award.

See Note 15, “Stock-Based Compensation” for more information.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We account for derivative financial instruments in accordance with the ASC guidance on “Derivatives and Hedging.” The ASC on “Derivatives and Hedging” requires us to recognize the value of derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated as a hedge and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship. The accounting also depends on the type of hedging relationship, whether a cash flow hedge, a fair value hedge, or hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. A fair value hedge requires that the change in the fair value of a derivative financial instrument be offset against the change in the fair value of the underlying asset, liability, or firm commitment being hedged through earnings. A cash flow hedge requires that the change in the fair value of a derivative instrument be recognized in other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders’ equity, and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

We use derivative financial instruments primarily to reduce our exposure to adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. On entry into a derivative instrument, we formally designate and document the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction. Derivatives are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value in prepaid expenses and other current assets, other non-current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses or other non-current liabilities, depending on whether the amount is an asset or liability and is of a short-term or long-term nature. In addition, the earnings impact resulting from our derivative instruments is recorded in the same line item within the Consolidated Statements of Income as the items being hedged. We also classify the cash flows from our cash flow hedges in the same category as the items being hedged on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows based on the fact that our cash flow hedges do not contain an other-than-insignificant financing element at inception. The fair values of derivatives used to hedge or modify our risks fluctuate over time.

These fair value amounts should not be viewed in isolation, but rather in relation to the cash flows or fair value of the underlying hedged transactions or assets and other exposures and to the overall reduction in our risk relating to adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

See Note 18, “Derivative Financial Instruments” for more information.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Share Repurchases

When stock is retired or purchased for constructive retirement, the purchase price is initially recorded as a reduction to the par value of the shares repurchased, with any excess purchase price over par value recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and retained earnings.

Retirement and Other Employee Benefits

Using appropriate actuarial methods and assumptions, we evaluate defined benefit pension plans in accordance with ASC guidance on “Compensation – Retirement Benefits”. We provide disclosures about our plan assets, including investment strategies, major categories of plan assets, concentrations of risk within plan assets, and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets consistent with the fair value hierarchy model described in the ASC on “ Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as described in Note 19, “Fair Value Measurements.”

See Note 14, “Retirement and Other Employee Benefits” for more information.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedge Activities. This ASU amends hedge accounting to enable entities to better portray their risk management activities in the financial statements, expands and refines hedge accounting for both financial and non-financial risk components, aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of hedging instruments and hedge items in the financial statements, and includes certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as eliminating the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. Early adoption is permitted. We elected to early adopt this ASU during the fourth quarter of 2017. See Note 18, "Derivatives," for disclosures. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplified several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. The new standard requires excess tax benefits or deficiencies for share-based payments to be recognized as income tax benefit or expense, rather than within additional paid-in capital, when the awards vest or are settled. Furthermore, cash flows related to excess tax benefits are required to be classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows rather than financing activities. We have elected to adopt the cash flow presentation of excess tax benefits retrospectively and have adjusted our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows by $3.6 million and $1.4 million for the years ended 2016 and 2015. We adopted these amendments effective December 31, 2016, the first day of our fiscal 2017 year.

We have elected to account for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur and have adopted on a modified retrospective basis. As such, we recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of $0.2 million (pre-tax) to reduce retained earnings and increase additional paid-in capital as of December 31, 2016, the first day of our fiscal 2017 year.

The new standard also requires the presentation of cash paid to taxing authorities at settlement arising from the withholding of shares from employees be classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. We adopted these amendments, effective December 31, 2016, the first day of our fiscal 2017 year, on a retrospective basis and included $9.3 million and $4.7 million related to stock-based awards settled in cash for taxes in financing activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 30, 2016 and January 1, 2016.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which amends the existing accounting standards for income taxes. The amendment required companies to report their deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets each as a single non-current item on their classified balance sheets. The Company elected to adopt the amendments in the first quarter of fiscal year 2016 and applied them prospectively to the current period presented, as permitted by the standard. The adoption of the amendments had no impact on the Company's net earnings or cash flow from operations for any period presented.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The core principal of the guidance is that an entity should measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This guidance does not apply to inventory that is being measured using the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method. The Company adopted this guidance on December 31, 2016, the first day of our fiscal 2017 year, and determined there were no changes to disclosure, financial statement presentation, or valuation of inventory as a result of adoption.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting. This ASU clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The guidance clarifies that modification accounting will be applied if the value, vesting conditions or classification of the award changes. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. We expect this award to impact modifications meeting the clarified criteria prospectively beginning in 2018.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. This ASU requires that the service cost component of net periodic benefit costs from defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans be included in the same Consolidated Statements of Income captions as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the covered employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost will be presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income separately from service costs. Following adoption, only service costs will be eligible for capitalization into manufactured inventories, which should reduce diversity in practice. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. As this ASU only affects presentation and disclosure, we do not anticipate a significant impact of adoption on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets: Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets, which clarifies the scope of asset derecognition and adds further guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with non-customers. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and, as such, we are not able to estimate the effect the adoption of the new standard will have on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes the requirement to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount as part of step two of the goodwill impairment test. The ASU permits an entity to perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2020 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and we do not expect this ASU to have an impact until an impairment assessment is performed.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which adds guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect this ASU to have an impact until a valid transaction takes place.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which will require companies to recognize the income tax effects of intra-entity sales and transfers of assets other than inventory, particularly those asset transfers involving intellectual property, in the period in which the transfer occurs. The ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. This guidance requires modified retrospective adoption. We are evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and, as such, we are not able to estimate the effect the adoption of the new standard will have on our financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses eight specific cash flow issues in an effort to reduce diversity in practice. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our cash flows, and as such, we are not able to estimate the effect that the adoption of this ASU will have on reclassifications within our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. Entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that results in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses on trade and other receivables. Additionally, entities will need to disclose significantly more information about credit quality by year of origination for most financing receivables. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2020 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted beginning the first day of our 2019 fiscal year. We are evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and, as such, we are not able to estimate the effect the adoption of the new standard will have on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which requires a dual approach for lessee accounting under which a lessee would account for leases as finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases may result in the lessee recognizing a right-of use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize a straight-line total lease expense. The guidance also requires qualitative and specific quantitative disclosures to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. This ASU will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2019 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and, as such, we are not able to estimate the effect the adoption of the new standard will have on our financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an ASU, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and has subsequently issued several supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs (collectively, "ASC 606"), which prescribes a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede existing revenue guidance. The core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard outlines a five-step model, whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. The standard also requires new, expanded disclosures regarding revenue recognition. ASC 606 will be effective for us beginning the first day of our 2018 fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted. We have made substantial progress in our implementation analysis including contract reviews under the ASC 606 framework and identification of revenue streams. Our analysis includes reviewing current accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements under this new standard. We have reviewed a sample of contracts with our customers that we believe is representative of our revenue streams. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. We will adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective transition method, under which the cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance is recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on the first day of our 2018 fiscal year.

While we have made substantial progress, we are continuing our evaluation of certain aspects of the standard. We currently do not anticipate the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows; however, our assessment will be finalized during the first quarter of 2018.