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Leases
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases Leases
As discussed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for as lease revenue under Topic 842 (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023). See note 3 for a discussion of our revenue accounting (such discussion includes lessor disclosures required under Topic 842).
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Our material lease contracts are generally for real estate or vehicles, and the determination of whether such contracts contain leases generally does not require significant estimates or judgments. We lease real estate and equipment under operating leases. We lease a significant portion of our branch locations, and also lease other premises used for purposes such as district and regional offices and service centers. Our finance lease obligations consist primarily of rental equipment (primarily vehicles) and building leases.
Operating leases result in the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. ROU assets represent our right to use the leased asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options, at our sole discretion, to extend or terminate the lease that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The amount of payments associated with such options reflected in the “Maturity of lease liabilities” table below is not material. Most real estate leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 to 5 years or more. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense on such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The primary leases we enter into with initial terms of 12 months or less are for equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers. We generate sublease revenue from such leases that we refer to as "re-rent revenue" as discussed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements. Apart from the re-rent revenue discussed in note 3, we do not generate material sublease income.
We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and, for our real estate operating leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The tables below present financial information associated with our leases as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
ClassificationDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets (1)$1,099 $819 
Finance lease assetsRental equipment395 321 
Less accumulated depreciation(126)(104)
Rental equipment, net269 217 
Property and equipment, net:
Non-rental vehicles8 8 
Buildings66 25 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(27)(20)
Property and equipment, net47 13 
Total leased assets1,415 1,049 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingAccrued expenses and other liabilities249 211 
FinanceShort-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt55 51 
Long-term
OperatingOperating lease liabilities (1)895 642 
FinanceLong-term debt137 72 
Total lease liabilities$1,336 $976 
_________________
(1)    The increases in 2023 include the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.

Lease costClassificationYear Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
Operating lease cost (1)Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation (1)$582 $494 $432 
Selling, general and administrative expenses12 11 11 
Restructuring charge (2)27 — 1 
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased assetsDepreciation of rental equipment36 31 36 
Non-rental depreciation and amortization2 2 2 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense, net8 5 4 
Sublease income (3)(233)(235)(194)
Net lease cost$434 $308 $292 
_________________
(1)    Includes variable lease costs, which are immaterial. Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 includes $209, $195 and $163, respectively, of short-term lease costs associated with equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers, as discussed further above. Apart from these costs, short-term lease costs are immaterial.
(2)    The increase in 2023 reflects the impact of a restructuring program initiated following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.
(3)    Primarily reflects re-rent revenue as discussed further above.
Maturity of lease liabilities (as of December 31, 2023)Operating leases (1)Finance leases (2)
2024$295 $61 
2025259 54 
2026219 40 
2027168 24 
2028115 6 
Thereafter275 44 
Total1,331 229 
Less amount representing interest(187)(37)
Present value of lease liabilities$1,144 $192 
_________________
(1)    Reflects payments for non-cancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2023. The table above does not include any legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced, and such leases are not material in the aggregate.
(2)    The table above does not include any legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced, and such leases are not material in the aggregate.
Lease term and discount rateDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases6.24.8
Finance leases6.52.8
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases4.5 %3.7 %
Finance leases4.8 %3.5 %
Other informationYear Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases$304 $244 $221 
Operating cash flows from finance leases8 5 4 
Financing cash flows from finance leases64 57 69 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)538 237 299 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities (1)$132 $47 $66 
_________________
(1)    The increases in 2023 include the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.
Leases Leases
As discussed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for as lease revenue under Topic 842 (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023). See note 3 for a discussion of our revenue accounting (such discussion includes lessor disclosures required under Topic 842).
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Our material lease contracts are generally for real estate or vehicles, and the determination of whether such contracts contain leases generally does not require significant estimates or judgments. We lease real estate and equipment under operating leases. We lease a significant portion of our branch locations, and also lease other premises used for purposes such as district and regional offices and service centers. Our finance lease obligations consist primarily of rental equipment (primarily vehicles) and building leases.
Operating leases result in the recognition of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. ROU assets represent our right to use the leased asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options, at our sole discretion, to extend or terminate the lease that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The amount of payments associated with such options reflected in the “Maturity of lease liabilities” table below is not material. Most real estate leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 to 5 years or more. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense on such leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The primary leases we enter into with initial terms of 12 months or less are for equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers. We generate sublease revenue from such leases that we refer to as "re-rent revenue" as discussed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements. Apart from the re-rent revenue discussed in note 3, we do not generate material sublease income.
We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and, for our real estate operating leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The tables below present financial information associated with our leases as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
ClassificationDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Assets
Operating lease assetsOperating lease right-of-use assets (1)$1,099 $819 
Finance lease assetsRental equipment395 321 
Less accumulated depreciation(126)(104)
Rental equipment, net269 217 
Property and equipment, net:
Non-rental vehicles8 8 
Buildings66 25 
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization(27)(20)
Property and equipment, net47 13 
Total leased assets1,415 1,049 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingAccrued expenses and other liabilities249 211 
FinanceShort-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt55 51 
Long-term
OperatingOperating lease liabilities (1)895 642 
FinanceLong-term debt137 72 
Total lease liabilities$1,336 $976 
_________________
(1)    The increases in 2023 include the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.

Lease costClassificationYear Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
Operating lease cost (1)Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation (1)$582 $494 $432 
Selling, general and administrative expenses12 11 11 
Restructuring charge (2)27 — 1 
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased assetsDepreciation of rental equipment36 31 36 
Non-rental depreciation and amortization2 2 2 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense, net8 5 4 
Sublease income (3)(233)(235)(194)
Net lease cost$434 $308 $292 
_________________
(1)    Includes variable lease costs, which are immaterial. Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 includes $209, $195 and $163, respectively, of short-term lease costs associated with equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers, as discussed further above. Apart from these costs, short-term lease costs are immaterial.
(2)    The increase in 2023 reflects the impact of a restructuring program initiated following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.
(3)    Primarily reflects re-rent revenue as discussed further above.
Maturity of lease liabilities (as of December 31, 2023)Operating leases (1)Finance leases (2)
2024$295 $61 
2025259 54 
2026219 40 
2027168 24 
2028115 6 
Thereafter275 44 
Total1,331 229 
Less amount representing interest(187)(37)
Present value of lease liabilities$1,144 $192 
_________________
(1)    Reflects payments for non-cancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of December 31, 2023. The table above does not include any legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced, and such leases are not material in the aggregate.
(2)    The table above does not include any legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced, and such leases are not material in the aggregate.
Lease term and discount rateDecember 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases6.24.8
Finance leases6.52.8
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases4.5 %3.7 %
Finance leases4.8 %3.5 %
Other informationYear Ended December 31, 2023Year Ended December 31, 2022Year Ended December 31, 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases$304 $244 $221 
Operating cash flows from finance leases8 5 4 
Financing cash flows from finance leases64 57 69 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)538 237 299 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities (1)$132 $47 $66 
_________________
(1)    The increases in 2023 include the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.