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Restructuring Charges
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Charges
Restructuring Charges
Restructuring Charges
Restructuring charges primarily include severance costs associated with headcount reductions, as well as branch closure charges which principally relate to continuing lease obligations at vacant facilities. We incur severance costs and branch closure charges in the ordinary course of our business. We only include such costs that are part of a restructuring program as restructuring charges. Since the first such restructuring program was initiated in 2008, we have completed three restructuring programs and have incurred total restructuring charges of $299.
Closed Restructuring Programs
We have three closed restructuring programs. The first was initiated in 2008 in recognition of a challenging economic environment and was completed in 2011. The second was initiated following the April 30, 2012 acquisition of RSC Holdings Inc. ("RSC"), and was completed in 2013. The third was initiated in the fourth quarter of 2015 in response to challenges in our operating environment. In particular, during 2015, we experienced volume and pricing pressure in our general rental business and our Fluid Solutions region associated with upstream oil and gas customers. Additionally, our Lean initiatives did not fully generate the anticipated cost savings due to lower than expected growth. In 2016, we achieved the anticipated run rate savings from the Lean initiatives, and this restructuring program was completed in 2016.
NES/Neff/Project XL Restructuring Program
In the second quarter of 2017, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the NES acquisition discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The restructuring program also includes actions undertaken associated with Project XL, which is a set of eight specific work streams focused on driving profitable growth through revenue opportunities and generating incremental profitability through cost savings across our business, and the Neff acquisition that is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. We expect to complete the restructuring program in 2018, and do not expect to incur significant additional expenses in connection with the program.
BakerCorp Restructuring Program
In the third quarter of 2018, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the BakerCorp acquisition discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. We expect to complete the restructuring program in 2019. The total costs expected to be incurred in connection with the program are not currently estimable, as we are still identifying the actions that will be undertaken.
The table below provides certain information concerning restructuring activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
 
 
Reserve Balance at
 
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses (1)
 
Payments
and Other
 
Reserve Balance at
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
Closed Restructuring Programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Branch closure charges
 
$
13

 
$
1

 
$
(4
)
 
$
10

Severance and other
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
13

 
$
1

 
$
(4
)
 
$
10

NES/Neff/Project XL Restructuring Program
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Branch closure charges
 
$
8

 
$
1

 
$
(5
)
 
$
4

Severance and other
 
12

 
7

 
(11
)
 
8

Total
 
$
20

 
$
8

 
$
(16
)
 
$
12

BakerCorp Restructuring Program
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Branch closure charges
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Severance and other
 
—

 
6

 
(2
)
 
4

Total
 
$
—

 
$
6

 
$
(2
)
 
$
4

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Branch closure charges
 
$
21

 
$
2

 
$
(9
)
 
$
14

Severance and other
 
12

 
13

 
(13
)
 
12

Total
 
$
33

 
$
15

 
$
(22
)
 
$
26

 
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(1)    Reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of income as “Restructuring charge.” These charges are not allocated to our reportable segments.