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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
6.    Income Taxes

Our income tax expense of $29.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily reflects income taxes at certain of our foreign operations and foreign withholding taxes. Our income tax expense also reflects income taxed in foreign jurisdictions where we benefit from tax holidays.

We monitor on an ongoing basis our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets and whether there is a need for a related valuation allowance. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets in the jurisdictions from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies and results of recent operations. For most of our foreign deferred tax assets, we consider it more likely than not that we will have sufficient taxable income to allow us to realize these deferred tax assets. A significant amount of our net deferred tax assets relate to our operations in Korea. At this time, we consider it more likely than not we will have sufficient taxable income in the future that will allow us to realize these deferred tax assets. However, it is possible that some or all of our Korean net operating loss carryforwards could ultimately expire unused, in the event future taxable income falls short of our current expectations. If our assessment of the recoverability of Korean deferred tax assets changes in the future, we may need to establish a valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets.

We maintain a valuation allowance on all of our U.S. net deferred tax assets, including our net operating loss carryforwards. Such valuation allowances are released as the related tax benefits are realized or when sufficient evidence exists to conclude that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

Unrecognized tax benefits represent reserves for potential tax deficiencies or reductions in tax benefits that could result from federal, state or foreign tax audits. Our gross unrecognized tax benefits increased from $23.3 million at December 31, 2015, to $24.7 million as of September 30, 2016. Most of our unrecognized tax benefits would reduce our effective tax rate, if recognized. Our unrecognized tax benefits are subject to change for effective settlement of examinations, changes in the recognition threshold of tax positions, the expiration of statues of limitations and other factors. Tax return examinations involve uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that the outcome of examinations will be favorable.