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Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of eMagin Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company manages its operations on a consolidated, integrated basis in order to optimize its equipment and facilities and to effectively service its global customer base, and concludes that it operates in a single business segment.

Use of Estimates

Use of estimates

In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management utilizes certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments related to, among others, allowance for doubtful accounts, warranty reserves, inventory reserves, stock-based compensation expense, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, litigation and other loss contingencies. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue and Cost Recognition

Revenue and cost recognition

All of the Company’s revenues are earned from contracts with customers and are classified as either Product or Contract revenues. Contracts include written agreements and purchase orders, as well as arrangements that are implied by customary practices or law.

Product revenue is generated primarily from contracts to produce, ship and deliver OLED microdisplays. eMagin’s performance obligations are satisfied, control of our products is transferred, and revenue is recognized at a single point in time when control transfers to our customer for product shipped. Our customary terms are FOB our factory and control is deemed to transfer upon shipment. The Company has elected to treat shipping and other transportation costs charged to customers as fulfillment activities and are recorded in both revenue and cost of sales at the time control is transferred to the customer. As customers are invoiced at the time control transfers and the right to consideration is unconditional at that time, the Company does not maintain contract asset balances for product revenue. Additionally, the Company does not maintain contract liability balances for product revenues, as performance obligations are satisfied prior to customer payment for product. The Company offers a one-year product warranty, for replacement of product only, and does not allow returns. The Company offers industry standard payment terms that typically require payment from our customers from 30 to 60 days after title transfers.

The Company also recognizes revenues under the over time method from certain research and development (“R&D”) activities (contract revenues) under both firm fixed-price contracts and cost-type contracts. Progress and revenues from research and development activities relating to firm fixed-price contracts and cost-type contracts are generally recognized on an input method of accounting as costs are incurred. Under the input method, revenue is recognized based on efforts expended to date (e.g., the costs of resources consumed or labor hours worked, or machine hours used) relative to total efforts intended to be expended. Contract costs include all direct material, labor and subcontractor costs and an allocation of allowable indirect costs as defined by each contract, as periodically adjusted to reflect revised agreed upon rates. These rates are subject to audit by the other party. Any changes in estimate related to contract accounting are accounted for prospectively over the remaining life of the contract. Under the over time method, billings may not correlate directly to the revenue recognized. Based upon the terms of the specific contract, billings may be in excess of the revenue recognized, in which case the amounts are included in deferred revenues as a liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Likewise, revenue recognized may exceed customer billings in which case the amounts are reported as unbilled receivables. Unbilled revenues are expected to be billed and collected within one year. The incidental costs related to obtaining product sales contracts are non-recoverable from customers; and accordingly, are expensed as incurred.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASC No. 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and related amendments (“ASC 606”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective adoption method with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. During 2017, the Company analyzed its revenue recognition policies under ASC 606 and then current revenue recognition policies and determined that the performance obligations, transaction price, allocation of transaction price, recognition of contract costs and timing of revenue recognition would not be materially impacted by adopting ASC 606. Accordingly, there was no modified retrospective adoption adjustment necessary as of January 1, 2018.

Product Warranty

Product warranty

The Company offers a one-year product replacement warranty. In general, the standard policy is to repair or replace the defective products. The Company accrues for estimated returns of defective products at the time revenue is recognized based on historical experience as well as for specific known product issues. The determination of these accruals requires the Company to make estimates of the frequency and extent of warranty activity and estimate future costs to replace the products under warranty. If the actual warranty activity and/or repair and replacement costs differ significantly from these estimates, adjustments to cost of revenue may be required in future periods.

The following table provides a summary of the activity related to the Company's warranty liability, included in other current liabilities, during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):


	Twelve Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017

Beginning balance	$	468	$	584
Warranty accruals and adjustments		132		136
Warranty claims		(177)		(252)
Ending balance	$	423	$	468

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

All highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable

The majority of the Company’s commercial accounts receivable are due from Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEM’s”). Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are payable in U.S. dollars, are due within 30-90 days and are stated at amounts due from customers net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Any account outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms is considered past due.

Unbilled Accounts Receivable

Unbilled accounts receivable

Unbilled receivables principally represent revenues recorded under the over time method of accounting that have not been billed to customers in accordance with the contractual terms of the arrangement. We anticipate that the majority of the balance at December 31, 2018 will be collected during the 2019 fiscal year. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, unbilled accounts receivable was $0.2 million and $ 0.4 million, respectively.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects an estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowance is determined based on a variety of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, historical experience, the customer's current ability to pay its obligation, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company will record a specific reserve for individual accounts when the Company becomes aware of a customer's inability to meet its financial obligations, deterioration in the customer's operating results or financial position, or deterioration in the customer’s credit history. If circumstances related to customers change, the Company would further adjust estimates of the recoverability of receivables. Account balances, when determined to be uncollectible, are charged against the allowance.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in first-out method. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with the Company’s suppliers, and the estimated utility of the inventory. If the Company review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, the inventory is reduced to a new cost basis.

Equipment, Furniture and Leasehold Improvements

Equipment, furniture and leasehold improvements

Equipment, furniture and leasehold improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation on equipment is calculated using the straight-line method of depreciation over the estimated useful life ranging from three to 10 years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated by using the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease terms. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

The Company performs impairment tests on its long-lived assets when circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If required, recoverability is tested by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the asset or asset group to its carrying value. Impairment losses, if any, are recognized based on the excess of the assets' carrying amounts over their estimated fair values.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets

Included in the Company’s intangible assets are patents that are recorded at purchase price as of the date acquired and amortized over the expected useful life which is generally the remaining life of the patent. In 2014, the Company purchased several patents for $290 thousand which are being amortized over their remaining useful life. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, intangible assets were $355 thousand less accumulated amortization of $274 thousand and $220 thousand, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, the weighted average remaining useful life of the patents was approximately 6.9 years.

Total intangible amortization expense was approximately $54 thousand for each of the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):



Fiscal Years Ending December 31,	Total Amortization

2019	$	32
2020		9
2021		8
2022		8
2023		8
Later years		16
	$	81

Advertising

Costs related to advertising and promotion of products are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. There was no advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Shipping and Handling Fees

Shipping and handling fees

The Company includes costs related to shipping and handling in cost of goods sold.

Income Taxes

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates will be recognized as income or expense in the period that the change occurs. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recorded when it is more likely than not that some or all of the benefit from the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Changes in circumstances, assumptions and clarification of uncertain tax regimes may require changes to any valuation allowances associated with the Company’s deferred tax assets.

Due to the Company’s operating loss carryforwards, all tax years remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. In the event that the Company is assessed interest or penalties at some point in the future, it will be classified in the financial statements as tax expense.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”). This legislation makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (i) reducing the U.S. federal statutory tax rate from 35% to 21%; (ii) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (iii) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, and (iv) modifying the officer’s compensation limitation. The Company recognizes the effects of changes in tax law, including the TCJA, in the period the law is enacted. Accordingly, the effects of the TCJA have been recognized in the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

For additional details regarding our accounting for income taxes, see Note 10 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Income (Loss) per Common Share

Income (loss) per common share

Basic income (loss) per share (“Basic EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted income (loss) per share (“Diluted EPS”) is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period while also giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the reporting period.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 260, entities that have issued securities other than common stock that participate in dividends with the common stock (“participating securities”) are required to apply the two-class method to compute basic EPS. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method under which EPS is calculated for each class of common stock and participating security as if all such earnings had been distributed during the period. On December 22, 2008, the Company issued Convertible Preferred Stock – Series B which participates in dividends with the Company’s common stock and is therefore considered to be a participating security. The participating convertible preferred stock is not required to absorb any net loss. The Company uses the more dilutive method of calculating the diluted earnings per share, either the two class method or “if-converted” method. Under the “if-converted” method, the convertible preferred stock is assumed to have been converted into common shares at the beginning of the period.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company reported a net loss and as a result, basic and diluted loss per common share are the same. Therefore, in calculating net loss per share amounts, shares underlying the potentially dilutive common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share because their effect was anti-dilutive.

The following is a table of the potentially dilutive common stock equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 that were not included in diluted EPS as their effect would be anti-dilutive:



	Twelve Months Ended
	December 31,
	2018	2017

Options	4,678,420	4,768,838
Warrants	9,055,773	5,081,449
Convertible preferred stock	7,545,333	7,545,333
Total potentially dilutive common stock equivalents	21,279,526	17,395,620

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) refers to net income (loss) and other revenue, expenses, gains and losses that, under generally accepted accounting principles, are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from the calculation of net income (loss).

The Company's operations did not give rise to any material items includable in comprehensive income (loss), which were not already in net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Accordingly, the Company's comprehensive income (loss) is the same as its net income (loss) for the periods presented.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term investments and accounts payable are stated at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The asset based lending facility, (“ABL Facility”) is also stated at cost, which approximates fair value because the interest rate is based on a market based rate plus a margin.

We have categorized our assets and liabilities that are valued at fair value on a recurring basis into three-level fair value hierarchy in accordance with GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheets at fair value are categorized based on a hierarchy of inputs as follows:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets of identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The common stock warrant liability discussed in Note 9 is currently the only financial assets or liability recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, and is considered a Level 3 liability. The fair value of the common stock warrant liability is included in current liabilities on the accompanying financial statements as of December 31, 2018, as the warrants are currently exercisable.

The following table shows the reconciliation of the Level 3 warrant liability measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):


	Estimated Fair Value

Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	784
Fair value of warrants issuance during period		2,907
Change in fair value of warrant liability, net		(2,194)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	1,497

The fair value of the liability for common stock purchase warrants at December 31, 2018 was estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model based on the market value of the underlying common stock at the measurement date, the five year contractual term of the warrants, risk-free interest rates ranging from 2.47% to 2.49%; no expected dividends and expected volatility of the price of the underlying common stock ranging from 42.1 % to 48.7%.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation

The Company uses the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements. The fair values of stock options are estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Stock-based compensation expense is reduced for estimated forfeitures and is amortized over the vesting period using the straight-line method.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates all financial instruments, including issued stock purchase warrants, to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features qualifying as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the derivative instruments at inception and subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign currency risks.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Concentrations

Concentration of credit risk

The majority of eMagin’s products are sold throughout North America, Asia, and Europe. Sales to the Company’s recurring customers are made generally on open account while sales to occasional customers are typically made on a prepaid basis. eMagin performs periodic credit evaluations on its recurring customers and generally does not require collateral. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained for credit losses.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with financial institutions which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company invests surplus cash in a government money market fund that consists of U.S Government obligations and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Obligations, which is not insured. To date, the Company has not experienced any loss associated with this risk.

Concentrations

The Company purchases principally all of its silicon wafers, which are a key ingredient in its OLED production process, from two suppliers located in Taiwan and Korea.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, no single customer accounted for over 10% of net revenues. For year ended December 31 2017, one customer accounted for over 11% of net revenues. As of December 31, 2018, we had accounts receivable balances from 51 customers in total, and four customers individually had balances of 15%, 12%, 10% and 10%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable balance and no other single customer accounted for over 10% of the consolidated accounts receivable. At December 31, 2017, the Company had two customers that accounted for 12% and 9% of accounts receivable.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which assumes that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred a net loss of $9.5 million and used cash in operating activities of $6.4 million. At December 31, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $3.4 million, net working capital of $8.8 million, no outstanding debt, and borrowing availability under its ABL Facility of $4.1 million.

Due to continuing losses, the Company’s financial position, and uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to borrow under its ABL Facility, the Company may not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due without additional financing or sources of capital. Management is prepared to reduce expenses and raise additional capital, but there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in sufficiently reducing expenses or raising capital to meet its operating needs.

The Company’s ABL Facility expires on December 31, 2019 and, while relations with the lender are positive, there is no assurance the lender will renew or extend this facility, or continue to make funds available during 2019 and beyond at present availability levels, or at all. Therefore, in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, and based on the Company’s current financial condition and availability of funds, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through March 31, 2020.

Based on the Company’s current projections and the availability of the ABL Facility, the Company estimates it will have sufficient liquidity through the end of the first quarter of 2020. However, there can be no assurance projected results will be achieved or funds will be available under our ABL Facility. If actual results are less than projected or additional needs for liquidity arise, the Company may be able to raise additional debt or equity financing and is prepared to reduce expenses or enter into a strategic transaction. However, the Company can make no assurance that it will be able to reduce expenses sufficiently, raise additional capital, or enter into a strategic transaction on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently issued accounting standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance which changes the accounting for leases. The guidance requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a right-of-use specified asset for the lease term and, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases). The new guidance is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied using either a modified retrospective approach, or an optional transition method which allows an entity to apply the new standard at the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company expects to adopt ASC 842 in the first quarter of 2019 using modified retrospective approach. Under the new guidance, leases previously defined as operating leases will be presented on the balance sheet. As a result, these leases will be recorded as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at the present value of the total lease payments. The right-of-use asset will be decremented over the life of the lease on a pro-rata basis resulting in lease expense while the lease liability will be decremented using the interest method (i.e. principal and interest). The Company will elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allows the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company currently expects to elect the short term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. The Company is finalizing its implementation related to policies, processes and internal controls to comply with the guidance. The Company estimates that the right-of-use asset and lease liability to be recorded on its consolidated balance sheet, as of January 1, 2019 will be approximately $4.5 million. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations or its consolidated statement of cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance which adds, amends and removes certain disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. Among other changes, this standard requires certain additional disclosure surrounding Level 3 assets, including changes in unrealized gains or losses in other comprehensive income and certain inputs in those measurements. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Certain amended or eliminated disclosures in this standard may be adopted early, while certain additional disclosure requirements in this standard can be adopted on its effective date. In addition, certain changes in the standard require retrospective adoption, while other changes must be adopted prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the Company’s disclosures; however, this guidance does not have a material impact the Company’s financial statements.