Revenue Recognition (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
	CTU		AIU		Corporate and Other ⁽³⁾		Total
Tuition	$	370,318	$	225,364	$	-	$	595,682
Technology fees		17,844		9,412		-		27,256
Other miscellaneous fees⁽¹⁾		1,690		428		-		2,118
Total tuition and fees		389,852		235,204		-		625,056
Other revenue⁽²⁾		2,411		170		67		2,648
Total revenue	$	392,263	$	235,374	$	67	$	627,704

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	CTU		AIU		Corporate and Other ⁽³⁾		Total
Tuition	$	359,929	$	196,712	$	550	$	557,191
Technology fees		11,560		7,590		-		19,150
Other miscellaneous fees⁽¹⁾		1,769		416		19		2,204
Total tuition and fees		373,258		204,718		569		578,545
Other revenue⁽²⁾		2,512		202		37		2,751
Total revenue	$	375,770	$	204,920	$	606	$	581,296

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
	CTU		AIU		Corporate and Other ⁽³⁾		Total
Tuition	$	356,091	$	190,739	$	26,615	$	573,445
Technology fees		11,175		6,791		-		17,966
Other miscellaneous fees⁽¹⁾		1,964		451		23		2,438
Total tuition and fees		369,230		197,981		26,638		593,849
Other revenue⁽²⁾		2,095		270		221		2,586
Total revenue	$	371,325	$	198,251	$	26,859	$	596,435

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(1)

Other miscellaneous fees include student activity fees and graduation fees.

(2)

Other revenue primarily includes contract training revenue and bookstore sales.

(3)

Revenue recorded within Corporate and Other relates to certain bookstore sales for the year ended December 31, 2019 and to closed campuses which are now reported within this category for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Summary of Contract Assets Offset with Deferred Revenue Balances

The amount of contract assets which are being offset with deferred revenue balances as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	As of
	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Gross deferred revenue	$	63,204		$	51,694
Gross contract assets		(38,557	)		(19,343	)
Deferred revenue, net	$	24,647		$	32,351

Changes in Deferred Revenue Balances

Changes in our deferred revenue balances for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
	CTU			AIU			Corporate and Other ⁽²⁾			Total
Gross deferred revenue, January 1, 2019	$	24,250		$	27,444		$	-		$	51,694
Revenue earned from balances existing as of January 1, 2019		(22,289	)		(21,824	)		-			(44,113	)
Billings during period ⁽¹⁾		392,818			243,008			-			635,826
Revenue earned for new billings during the period		(367,563	)		(213,380	)		-			(580,943	)
Other adjustments		629			111			-			740
Gross deferred revenue, December 31, 2019	$	27,845		$	35,359		$	-		$	63,204

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
	CTU			AIU			Corporate and Other ⁽²⁾			Total
Gross deferred revenue, January 1, 2018	$	23,933		$	15,507		$	104		$	39,544
Revenue earned from balances existing as of January 1, 2018		(22,218	)		(14,086	)		(104	)		(36,408	)
Billings during period ⁽¹⁾		373,671			216,670			510			590,851
Revenue earned for new billings during the period		(351,040	)		(190,632	)		(465	)		(542,137	)
Other adjustments		(96	)		(15	)		(45	)		(156	)
Gross deferred revenue, December 31, 2018	$	24,250		$	27,444		$	-		$	51,694

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(1)

Billings during period includes adjustments for prior billings.

(2)

Revenue recorded within Corporate and Other relates to closed campuses which are now reported within this category.