NOTE 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation — The consolidated financial statements consist of the accounts of the Company, including all significant subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the value of purchase consideration, valuation of accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, legal contingencies, guarantee obligations, and assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management will adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Foreign currency devaluations, corn price volatility, access to difficult credit markets and adverse changes in the global economic environment have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, other than those whose functional currency is the US dollar, are translated at current exchange rates with the related translation adjustments reported in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. For foreign subsidiaries where the US dollar is the functional currency, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at current exchange rates with the related adjustment included in net income. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Although the Company hedges the predominance of its transactional foreign exchange risk (see Note 4), the Company incurs foreign currency transaction gains/losses relating to assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency. For 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company incurred foreign currency transaction losses of $3 million, less than $1 million and $2 million, respectively. The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss included in equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets includes cumulative translation loss adjustments of $489 million and $335 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Cash and cash equivalents — Cash equivalents consist of all instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, and which have virtually no risk of loss in value.

Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are determined using the weighted average method.

Investments — Investments in the common stock of affiliated companies over which the Company does not exercise significant influence are accounted for under the cost method. The Company’s wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary has an investment that is accounted for under the cost method. The carrying value of this investment was $6 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Investments that enable the Company to exercise significant influence, but do not represent a controlling interest, are accounted for under the equity method; such investments are carried at cost, adjusted to reflect the Company’s proportionate share of income or loss, less dividends received. The Company did not have any investments accounted for under the equity method at December 31, 2013 or 2012. The Company also has equity interests in the CME Group Inc., which it classifies as available for sale securities. The investment is carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded to other comprehensive income.

The Company would recognize a loss on its investments when there is a loss in value of an investment that is other than temporary. In 2011, the Company sold its investment in Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation which had been accounted for as an available for sale security and recorded a nominal gain.

Property, plant and equipment and depreciation — Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is generally computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of depreciable assets, which range from 10 to 50 years for buildings and from 3 to 20 years for all other assets. Where permitted by law, accelerated depreciation methods are used for tax purposes. The Company reviews the recoverability of the net book value of property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. If this review indicates that the carrying values will not be recovered, the carrying values would be reduced to fair value and an impairment loss would be recognized. As required under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, the impairment analysis for long-lived assets occurs before the goodwill impairment assessment described below.

Goodwill and other intangible assets — Goodwill ($535 million and $557 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively) represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company also has other intangible assets aggregating $311 million and $329 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The carrying amount of goodwill by geographic segment at December 31, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:

(in millions)	North America			South America			Asia Pacific			EMEA		Total

Balance at December 31, 2011	$	278		$	101		$	106		$	77	$	562
Impairment charges	—			—			(2		)	—		(2		)
Currency translation	—			(6		)	—			3		(3		)
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	278		$	95		$	104		$	80	$	557
Currency translation	—			(17		)	(7		)	2		(22		)
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	278		$	78		$	97		$	82	$	535

Goodwill before impairment charges	$	279		$	95		$	225		$	80	$	679
Accumulated impairment charges	(1		)	—			(121		)	—		(122		)
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	278		$	95		$	104		$	80	$	557

Goodwill before impairment charges	$	279		$	78		$	218		$	82	$	657
Accumulated impairment charges	(1		)	—			(121		)	—		(122		)
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	278		$	78		$	97		$	82	$	535

The following table summarizes the Company’s other intangible assets for the periods presented:

	As of December 31, 2013								As of December 31, 2012
(in millions)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Weighted Average Useful Life (years)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Weighted Average Useful Life (years)
Trademarks/tradenames	$	132	$	—		$	132	—	$	132	$	—		$	132	—
Customer relationships	139		(18		)	121		25	143		(13		)	130		25
Technology	83		(27		)	56		10	83		(19		)	64		10
Other	6		(4		)	2		8	6		(3		)	3		8
Total other intangible assets	$	360	$	(49	)	$	311	19	$	364	$	(35	)	$	329	19

For definite-lived intangible assets, the Company recognizes the cost of such amortizable assets in operations over their estimated useful lives and evaluates the recoverability of the assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $14 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.

Based on acquisitions completed through December 31, 2013, the Company expects intangible asset amortization expense for subsequent years to be approximately $14 million annually through 2018.

The Company assesses goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise). The Company has chosen to perform this annual impairment assessment as of October 1 of each year. The Company has completed the required impairment assessments and determined there to be no impairment in the fourth quarter of 2013.

In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. After assessing the qualitative factors, if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount then the Company does not perform the two-step impairment test. If the Company concludes otherwise, then it performs the first step of the two-step impairment test as described in ASC Topic 350. In the first step, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is not considered impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying value of the net assets exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, a second step of the impairment assessment is performed in order to determine the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill. Determining the implied fair value of goodwill requires a valuation of the reporting unit’s tangible and intangible assets and liabilities in a manner similar to the allocation of purchase price in a business combination. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of its goodwill, goodwill is deemed impaired and is written down to the extent of the difference. Based on the results of the annual assessment, the Company concluded that as of October 1, 2013 (although the estimated fair values of the Southern Cone of South America and Brazil reporting units decreased compared to the 2012 assessment due to recent trends experienced in these reporting units), it was more likely than not that the fair value of all reporting units was greater than their carrying value.

In testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. After assessing the qualitative factors, if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, then it would not be required to compute the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset. In the event the qualitative assessment leads the Company to conclude otherwise, then it would be required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test in accordance with ASC subtopic 350-30. In performing the qualitative analysis, the Company considers various factors including net sales derived from these intangibles and certain market and industry conditions. Based on the results of this qualitative assessment, the Company concluded that as of October 1, 2013, it was more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets was greater than their carrying value.

Revenue recognition — The Company recognizes operating revenues at the time title to the goods and all risks of ownership transfer to the customer. This transfer is considered complete when a sales agreement is in place, delivery has occurred, pricing is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. In the case of consigned inventories, the title passes and the transfer of ownership risk occurs when the goods are used by the customer. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities and collected from customers are accounted for on a net basis and excluded from revenues.

Hedging instruments — The Company uses derivative financial instruments principally to offset exposure to market risks arising from changes in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Derivative financial instruments used by the Company consist of commodity futures and option contracts, forward currency contracts and options, interest rate swap agreements and treasury lock agreements. The Company enters into futures and option contracts, which are designated as hedges of specific volumes of commodities (corn and natural gas) that will be purchased in a future month. These derivative financial instruments are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The Company has also entered into interest rate swap agreements that effectively convert the interest rate on certain fixed rate debt to a variable interest rate and, on certain variable rate debt, to a fixed interest rate. The Company periodically enters into treasury lock agreements to lock the benchmark rate for an anticipated fixed-rate borrowing. See also Note 4 and Note 5 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

On the date a derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as either a hedge of variable cash flows to be paid related to interest on variable rate debt, as a hedge of market variation in the benchmark rate for a future fixed rate debt issue, as a hedge of foreign currency cash flows associated with certain forecasted commercial transactions or loans, or as a hedge of certain forecasted purchases of corn or natural gas used in the manufacturing process (“a cash-flow hedge”), or as a hedge of the fair value of certain debt obligations (“a fair-value hedge”). This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair-value or cash-flow hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. For all hedging relationships, the Company formally documents the hedging relationships and its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transactions, the hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness. The Company also formally assesses both, at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively.

Changes in the fair value of floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps, treasury locks or commodity futures and option contracts that are highly effective and that are designated and qualify as cash-flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes. Realized gains and losses associated with changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps and treasury locks are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to the Consolidated Statement of Income over the life of the underlying debt. Gains and losses on hedges of foreign currency cash flows associated with certain forecasted commercial transactions or loans are reclassified from AOCI to the Consolidated Statement of Income when such transactions or obligations are settled. Gains and losses on commodity hedging contracts are reclassified from AOCI to the Consolidated Statement of Income when the finished goods produced using the hedged item are sold. The maximum term over which the Company hedges exposures to the variability of cash flows for commodity price risk is 24 months. Changes in the fair value of a fixed-to-floating interest rate swap agreement that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a fair-value hedge, along with the loss or gain on the hedged debt obligation, are recorded in earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a derivative instrument that qualifies as either a cash-flow hedge or a fair-value hedge is reported in earnings.

The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows or fair value of the hedged item, the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument because it is unlikely that a forecasted transaction will occur, or management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate. When hedge accounting is discontinued, the Company continues to carry the derivative on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at its fair value, and gains and losses that were included in AOCI are recognized in earnings in the same line item affected by the hedged transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings, or in the month a hedge is determined to be ineffective.

The Company uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options to manage the transactional foreign exchange risk that is created when transactions not denominated in the functional currency of the operating unit are revalued. The changes in fair value of these derivative instruments and the offsetting changes in the value of the underlying non-functional currency denominated transactions are recorded in earnings on a monthly basis.

Stock-based compensation — The Company has a stock incentive plan that provides for stock-based employee compensation, including the granting of stock options, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance shares to certain key employees. Compensation expense is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the Company’s stock-based employee compensation plan. The plan is more fully described in Note 10.

Earnings per common share — Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, which totaled 77.0 million for 2013, 76.5 million for 2012 and 76.4 million for 2011. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income attributable to Ingredion by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, including the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and other instruments associated with long-term incentive compensation plans. The weighted average number of shares outstanding for diluted EPS calculations was 78.3 million, 78.2 million and 78.2 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, options to purchase approximately 0.4 million, 0.9 million and 0.4 million shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding for diluted EPS because their effects were anti-dilutive.

Risks and uncertainties — The Company operates domestically and internationally. In each country, the business and assets are subject to varying degrees of risk and uncertainty. The Company insures its business and assets in each country against insurable risks in a manner that it deems appropriate. Because of this geographic dispersion, the Company believes that a loss from non-insurable events in any one country would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations as a whole. Additionally, the Company believes there is no significant concentration of risk with any single customer or supplier whose failure or non-performance would materially affect the Company’s results.

Recently adopted accounting standards — In January 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which requires new asset and liability offsetting disclosures for derivatives, repurchase agreements and security lending transactions to the extent that they are: (1) offset in the financial statements; or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. This Update requires an entity to disclose both gross and net information about instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the balance sheet and was effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2013. The Company’s derivative instruments are not offset in the financial statements and are not subject to right of offset provisions with our counterparties. Accordingly, this Update did not have a material impact on the Company’s 2013 Consolidated Financial Statements but could have an impact on future disclosures. Additional information about derivative instruments can be found in Note 4.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This Update does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements; however, it requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income for only amounts reclassified in their entirety in the same reporting period. This guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2012, and interim periods within those annual periods. The disclosures required by this Update are provided in Note 10.