Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. All significant intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of loans acquired with the possibility of impairment and the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and fair values. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the valuation of foreclosed assets held for sale, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties.

Goodwill and intangible assets are subject to periodic impairment testing. This testing is to be performed annually, or more frequently if events occur that lead to the possibility that the valuation of such assets could be considered unrecoverable. The valuation of goodwill and intangible assets involves many factors that are judgmental and highly complex.

Marketable Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Securities

Securities are classified as “available-for-sale” and are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income. Purchase premiums are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

For debt securities with fair value below carrying value, when the Company does not intend to sell a debt security, and it is more likely than not, the Company will not have to sell the security before a recovery of its cost basis, it recognizes the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income.

The Company’s consolidated statements of income reflect the full impairment (that is, the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and fair value) on debt securities that the Company intends to sell or would more likely than not be required to sell before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. For debt securities that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the noncredit loss is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow projections.

Financing Receivable, Held-for-sale [Policy Text Block]

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, determined using an aggregate basis. Write-downs to fair value are recognized as a charge to earnings at the time a decline in value occurs. Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans are sometimes acquired to reduce market risk on mortgage loans in the process of origination and mortgage loans held for sale. Gains and losses resulting from sales of mortgage loans are recognized when the respective loans are sold to investors. Gains and losses are determined by the difference between the selling price and the carrying amounts of the loans sold, and are recorded in noninterest income. Direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in noninterest income upon sale of the loan.

Financing Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Loans

For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Loans acquired without the evidence of credit impairment and for which obligated principal and interest cash flows are expected to be received are accounted for under the accounting guidance for receivables - non refundable fees and other costs (ASC 310-20). Additionally, any difference between the initial investment and the principal amount of a purchased loan or debt security will be recorded as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the instrument. Loans acquired with evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination are considered credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration may include information such as past-due and nonaccrual status, borrower credit scores and recent loan to value percentages. Such loans are accounted for under the accounting guidance for loans and debt securities acquired with deteriorated credit quality (ASC 310-30) and initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan.

Loans and Leases Receivable, Allowance for Loan Losses Policy [Policy Text Block]

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to income. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectibility of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical charge-off experience and expected loss given default derived from the Bank’s internal risk rating process. Other adjustments may be made to the allowance for pools of loans after an assessment of internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected in the historical loss or risk rating data.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Groups of loans with similar risk characteristics are collectively evaluated for impairment based on the group’s historical loss experience adjusted for changes in trends, conditions and other relevant factors that affect repayment of the loans.

Acquired loans determined to be deteriorated in quality do not have an allowance for credit loss associated with them when recorded by the Bank. Estimates based on cash flows expected to be collected using internal risk models, which incorporate the estimates of current key assumptions, such as default rates, severity and prepayment speeds are used to determine the amount of impairment. As these loans are paid the pre-established amount of impairment is proportionally then included in income.

Financing Receivable, Held-for-investment, Foreclosed Asset [Policy Text Block]

Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

An annual assessment is performed to determine whether it is more likely than not the fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying amount.  If, based on the assessment, it is determined that there is an impairment, goodwill would be written down to its implied fair value.  Any subsequent increases in goodwill fair value are not recognized in the financial statements. As a result of the 2018 acquisition of Hometown, a goodwill amount of $1,434,982 is presented in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Core deposit intangible assets are being amortized on the straight-line basis over a period of seven years.  Such assets are periodically evaluated as to the recoverability of their carrying value. A core deposit intangible of $3,520,000 was calculated at the time of the Hometown acquisition. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the amount remaining to be amortized is $1,549,910 and $2,026,910, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Premises and Equipment

Depreciable assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to expense using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives for each major depreciable classification of premises and equipment are as follows:

Buildings and improvements (in years)	35	-	40
Furniture and fixtures and vehicles (in years)	3	-	10

Bank Owned Life Insurance Policy [Policy Text Block]

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank owned life insurance policies are carried at their cash surrender value. The Company recognizes tax-free income from the periodic increases in cash surrender value of these policies and from death benefits.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance (ASC 740, Income Taxes). The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of income tax expense.

The Company files consolidated income tax returns with its subsidiary. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2018.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2021 and 2020 cash equivalents consisted of interest-bearing deposits and money market accounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restriction on Cash and Due From Banks

The Company is required to maintain reserve funds in cash and/or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank equal to a set percentage of deposits. During March of 2020, the Federal Reserve Bank reduced its reserve requirement to zero to encourage institutions to lend out funds to assist with pandemic assistance efforts, therefore, our required reserve on December 31, 2021 was $0. The reserve requirement will be monitored by the Federal Reserve and likely reinstated when economic conditions return to pre-pandemic levels.

Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, unrealized gain on securities for which a portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income and unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges.

Derivatives, Methods of Accounting, Hedging Derivatives [Policy Text Block]

Interest Rate Swap Agreements Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage overall cash flow changes related to interest rate risk exposure on benchmark interest rate loans. The effective portion of the gain or loss related to the derivative instrument is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income when the forecasted transaction affects income. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is recognized immediately as noninterest income. The Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedging derivative by comparing the change in fair value of the respective derivative instrument and the change in fair value of an effective hypothetical derivative instrument. In 2021, the Company recognized a loss of $2.6 million related to the cancellation of forecasted transactions on executed cash flow swap agreements.

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Descriptions of our significant revenue-generating transactions that are within the scope of Topic 606, which are presented in the consolidated statements of income as components of non-interest income, are as follows:

● Service Charges on Deposit Accounts – Services charges on deposit accounts include general service fees for monthly account maintenance, account analysis fees, non-sufficient funds fees, wire transfer fees and other deposit account related fees. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is completed which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed (such as a wire transfer). Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

● Gains/Losses on Sales of OREO – Gains/Losses on sales of OREO are recorded from the sale when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed.

Regulatory Capital Requirements Under Banking Regulations [Policy Text Block]

Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct and material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Furthermore, the Company’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in these financial statements.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the tables below). Management believes, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, that the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. Additionally, as of December 31, 2021, the most recent notification from the Missouri Division of Finance and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, federal banking agencies issued a final ruling, which provides for a simple measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations, consistent with Section 201 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. The Community Bank Leverage Ratio (CBLR) framework which became effective January 1, 2020, provides an optional simple leverage capital measure, which is generally calculated the same as the generally applicable capital rule’s leverage ratio.  A banking organization (depository institution or depository institution holding company) that has less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets can elect to opt into the framework if its leverage ratio is greater than 9 percent and the banking organization meets the framework’s qualifying criteria of: (i) the generally applicable risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the agencies’ capital rules; (ii) the capital ratio requirements to be considered well capitalized under the agencies’ prompt corrective action (PCA) framework (in the case of insured depository institutions); and (iii) any other applicable capital or leverage requirements. A qualifying banking organization can opt into or out of the CBLR framework at any time by following the prescribed procedures and completing the associated reporting line items that are required on its Call Report and/or form FR Y-9C, as applicable. If a CBLR banking organization fails to satisfy one of the qualifying criteria but has a leverage ratio of greater than 8 percent, the banking organization can continue to apply the CBLR framework and be considered “well capitalized” for a grace period of up to two quarters.

During March 2020, relief from the 9% threshold was approved as part of the CARES Act. The interim thresholds beginning on March 27, 2020 and for the remainder of 2020 was 8% with 2021 increasing to 8.5% and the originally established 9% to be in effect starting in 2022.

The Bank opted into the CBLR framework during the first quarter of 2020. Capital ratios under this framework as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as below with dollar amounts expressed in thousands.

To Be Well Capitalized

For Capital

Under Prompt Corrective

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Action Provisions

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

As of December 31, 2021

Community Bank Leverage Ratio

Bank

$

120,011

10.1

%

N/A

N/A

$

101,414

8.5

%

To Be Well Capitalized

For Capital

Under Prompt Corrective

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Action Provisions

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

As of December 31, 2020

Community Bank Leverage Ratio

Bank

$

111,098

10.0

%

N/A

N/A

$

89,175

8.0

%

The amount of dividends that the Bank may pay is subject to various regulatory limitations. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Bank exceeded the minimum capital requirements. The Bank may not pay dividends which would reduce capital below the minimum requirements shown above.

Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Segment Information

The principal business of the Company is overseeing the business of the Bank. The Company has no significant assets other than its investment in the Bank. The banking operation is the Company’s only reportable segment. The banking segment is principally engaged in the business of originating mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family residences, multi-family, construction, commercial and consumer loans. These loans are funded primarily through the attraction of deposits from the general public, borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank and brokered deposits. Selected information is not presented separately for the Company’s reportable segment, as there is no material difference between that information and the corresponding information in the consolidated financial statements.

Commitments and Contingencies, Policy [Policy Text Block]

General Litigation

The Company and the Bank, from time to time, may be parties to ordinary routine litigation, which arises in the normal course of business, such as claims to enforce liens, and condemnation proceedings, on properties in which the Bank holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans, and other issues incident to the business of the Company and the Bank. After reviewing pending and threatened litigation with legal counsel, management believes that as of December 31, 2021, the outcome of any such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings Per Common Share

The computation for earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Year Ended		Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Net income available to common shareholders	$	10,638,142	$	6,832,214	$	9,415,090
Weighted average common shares outstanding		4,344,348		4,330,525		4,405,575
Effect of dilutive securities		21,684		19,499		57,984
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		4,366,032		4,350,024		4,463,559
Basic income per common share	$	2.45	$	1.58	$	2.14
Diluted income per common share	$	2.44	$	1.57	$	2.11

For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 all outstanding stock options were included in the above computation because their exercise price was less than the average market price.

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentration of Cash Holdings

During the normal course of business, the Bank may have excess cash on deposit at other financial institution’s. Each institution’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. At December 31, 2021, the Bank had $38.0 million in deposits above FDIC insured limits. These funds are held with five institutions that are each shown to be well capitalized as of December 31, 2021. Additionally, the Bank held $82.9 million in deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2021.