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Share-based Payments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Compensation Costs Related to Share-Based Payments
Share-based payments consist of the following compensation costs:
Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
2023202220232022
Selling, general and administrative:
Stock option compensation expense$1.1 $3.2 $5.4 $8.9 
Equity-classified share units10.9 4.8 23.8 16.4 
Liability-classified share units0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 
Employee share purchase plan1.3 0.7 2.6 2.1 
13.4 8.8 32.4 27.8 
Acquisition-related and integration costs:   
Acceleration of share-based payments expense0.6 — 6.5 — 
Share-based continuing employment costs0.9 1.9 2.9 6.1 
1.5 1.9 9.4 6.1 
$14.9 $10.7 $41.8 $33.9 
Summary of Stock Option Activity
Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented below:
Stock optionsPremium-priced stock options
Common
shares under
option
WA
exercise
price
WA
remaining
contractual
life (in years)
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
Common
shares under
option
WA
exercise
price
WA
remaining
contractual
life (in years)
Aggregate
intrinsic
value
Outstanding, December 31, 20222,730,295$46.88 7.3$31.2 1,118,432$91.26 4.7$— 
Granted262,72558.09 — — — 
Assumed in IAA acquisition (Note 5)187,72750.96 — — — 
Exercised(351,349)44.19 5.6 — — 
Forfeited/Expired(135,497)54.44 — (171,065)91.25 — 
Outstanding, September 30, 20232,693,901$48.23 6.9$39.0 947,367$91.26 3.9$— 
Exercisable, September 30, 20231,808,780$43.55 6.1$34.5 45,757$91.37 3.9$— 
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity
Share unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is presented below:
Equity-classified awardsLiability-classified awards
PSUsPSUs with Market ConditionsRSUsDSUs
NumberWA grant
date fair
value
NumberWA grant
date fair
value
NumberWA grant
date fair
value
NumberWA grant
date fair
value
Outstanding, December 31, 2022662,634$51.71 102,879$66.08 68,024$58.32 108,365$39.35 
Granted93,55757.96 80,07085.33 424,59953.37 18,87754.01 
Assumed in IAA acquisition (Note 5)— — 366,37952.79 — 
Vested and settled(283,086)42.23 — (257,610)52.85 — 
Forfeited(57,492)60.58 (9,017)68.59 (9,064)57.16 — 
Outstanding at September 30, 2023415,613$58.35 173,932$74.81 592,328$53.75 127,242$41.53 
Stock options and ESPP  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Significant Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options Significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the following table on a weighted average basis:
Nine months ended September 30,20232022
Risk free interest rate4.2 %2.2 %
Expected dividend yield1.84 %1.74 %
Expected lives of the stock options4 years4 years
Expected volatility35.8 %31.8 %
Premium-priced stock options  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Significant Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options
The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value are presented in the following table:
Nine months ended September 30,2022
Risk free interest rate3.0 %
Expected dividend yield1.63 %
Expected lives of the stock options4 years
Expected volatility30.2 %
PSUs with Market Conditions  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Significant Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options
Nine months ended September 30,20232022
Risk free interest rate4.5 %2.7 %
Expected dividend yield— %1.63 %
Expected lives of the PSUs2 years2 years
Expected volatility32.7 %33.4 %
Average expected volatility of comparable companies48.6 %34.4 %
IAA | Stock options and ESPP  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Summary of Significant Assumptions Used to Estimate the Fair Value of Stock Options The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of these assumed stock options are presented in the following table on a weighted average basis:
Nine months ended September 30,2023
Risk free interest rate3.9 %
Expected dividend yield2.05 %
Expected lives of the stock options2 years
Expected volatility33.3 %