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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

7Income taxes

At the end of each interim period, the Company estimates  the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year.  The estimate reflects, among other items, management’s best estimate of operating results.  It does not include the estimated impact of foreign exchange rates or unusual and/or infrequent items, which may cause significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and income before income taxes.



For the three months ended March 31, 2018, income tax expense was $5,269,000, compared to an income tax expense of $7,315,000 for the same period in 2017. Our effective tax rate was 23% in the first quarter of 2018, compared to 41% in the first quarter of 2017. The effective tax rate decreased in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to a greater proportion of income taxed in jurisdictions with lower tax rates and partially offset by our estimated Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax (“BEAT”). Additionally, in 2017 a $2,290,000 expense relating to an increase in uncertain tax positions was recognized and an increase in annual non-deductible acquisition costs was estimated.



Recent Tax Legislation

On December 22, 2017 H.R. 1, originally known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, (the “Tax Act”) was enacted. The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that impacted our quarter ended March 31, 2018, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018 and (2) imposing BEAT - a tax on certain deductible payments from our U.S. subsidiary to any of its foreign-related parties.



On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we have not made any adjustments to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017.  Additional work is still necessary for a more detailed analysis of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, our historical foreign earnings subject to the one-time transition tax, and potential correlative adjustments. Any subsequent adjustment to these amounts will be recorded to tax expense in the corresponding quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete.