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Impairment Loss
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Impairment Loss [Abstract]  
Impairment Loss

7. Impairment loss

Goodwill impairment

The Company performs impairment tests on goodwill on an annual basis in accordance with US GAAP, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that those assets might be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level, which is at the same level or one level below an operating segment. A goodwill impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit is greater than its fair value. The goodwill impairment loss is calculated as the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over its implied fair value.



Goodwill arising from the acquisition of AssetNation, the provider of our online marketplaces, forms part of the EquipmentOne reporting unit. During the year ended December 31, 2016, an indicator of impairment was identified with respect to the EquipmentOne reporting unit. The indicator consisted of a decline in actual and forecasted revenue and operating income compared with previously projected results, which was primarily due to the recent performance of the EquipmentOne reporting unit.



As a result of the identification of an indicator of impairment of the EquipmentOne reporting unit, a US GAAP two-step goodwill impairment test was performed at September 30, 2016. Step one of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying amount (including goodwill) of the EquipmentOne reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Accordingly, the impairment test proceeded to step two, wherein the step one fair value of the EquipmentOne reporting unit was used to estimate the implied fair value of the goodwill. 



The second step of the goodwill impairment test involved allocating the EquipmentOne reporting unit fair value to all the assets and liabilities of that reporting unit based on their estimated fair values. Management used a blended analysis of the earnings approach, which employs a discounted cash flow methodology, and the market approach, which employs a multiple of earnings methodology, to determine the fair values of the intangible assets and to measure the goodwill impairment loss.



Based on the results of the goodwill impairment test, the Company recorded an impairment loss on the EquipmentOne reporting unit goodwill of $23,574,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016.



Long-lived asset impairment

Long-lived assets, which are comprised of property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets, are assessed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, long-lived assets are grouped and tested for recoverability at the lowest level that generates independent cash flows from another asset group. The carrying amount of the long-lived asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the long-lived asset group’s use and eventual disposition. Where the carrying amount of the long-lived asset group is not recoverable, its fair value is determined in order to calculate any impairment loss. An impairment loss is measured as the excess of the long-lived asset group’s carrying amount over its fair value.



At September 30, 2016, for the same reason noted above under the goodwill impairment test, management determined that there was an indicator that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets arising from our acquisition of AssetNation (the “EquipmentOne long-lived assets”) might not have been recoverable. As such, the Company performed the recoverability test, for which purpose management determined that the asset group to which the EquipmentOne long-lived assets belonged was the EquipmentOne reporting unit.





7.  Impairment loss (continued)

Long-lived asset impairment (continued)

The results of the recoverability test indicated that the EquipmentOne reporting unit carrying amount (including goodwill but excluding deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and income taxes payable) exceeded the sum of its future undiscounted cash flows. As such, management then used an earnings approach to estimate the fair values of the EquipmentOne long-lived assets and compared those fair values to their carrying amounts.



Based on the results of the long-lived asset impairment test, the Company recorded a pre-tax impairment loss on the EquipmentOne reporting unit customer relationships of $4,669,000 in the year ended December 31, 2016. In connection with this impairment loss, the Company recorded a deferred tax benefit of $1,798,000 to the income tax provision. The result of this impairment test was reflected in the carrying value of the EquipmentOne reporting unit prior to the completion of the goodwill impairment test described above.



During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized a total impairment loss of $8,084,000 on its auction site property located in Narita, Japan. The impairment loss consisted of $6,094,000 on the land and improvements and $1,990,000 on the auction building (the ”Japanese assets“). Management assessed the recoverable amounts of the Japanese assets when results of an assessment of the Japan auction operations and performance of that auction site indicated impairment, and management concluded that the undiscounted cash flows resulted in recoverable amounts below the carrying value of the Japanese assets.  The fair values of the Japanese assets were determined to be $16,150,000 for the land and improvements and $4,779,000 for the auction building based on the fair value less costs of disposal.



The Company performed a valuation of the Japanese assets as at September 30, 2014. The fair value of the land and improvements was determined based on comparable data in similar regions and relevant information regarding recent events impacting the local real-estate market (Level 3 inputs). The fair value of the auction building was determined based on a depreciated asset cost model with adjustments for relevant market participant data based on the Company‘s experience with disposing of similar auction buildings and current real estate transactions in similar regions (Level 3 inputs).



Determination of the recoverable amount of the Japanese assets involved estimating any costs that would be incurred if the assets were disposed of, including brokers‘ fees, costs to prepare the Japanese assets for sale and other selling fees. In determining these costs, management assumed that any costs required to prepare the Japanese assets for sale could be estimated based on current market rates for brokers‘ fees and management‘s experience with disposing of similar auction sites, taking into consideration the relative newness of the Japan auction site (Level 3 inputs).



The impaired Narita land and improvements and auction building form part of the Company‘s Core Auction reportable segment.