-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, U3sYSCD924nzM0DawnFqo5qP8stmbDBBke+I+WFUUuskQGRFy/fxU8xbSo567SXk k4Kmcb24xTszxjylzIMFMw== 0001047469-99-013106.txt : 19990403 0001047469-99-013106.hdr.sgml : 19990403 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001047469-99-013106 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K405 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 5 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19981231 FILED AS OF DATE: 19990331 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001045956 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798] IRS NUMBER: 954650863 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K405 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-13637 FILM NUMBER: 99583645 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 865 FIGUEROA STREET STREET 2: STE 1800 CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90017 BUSINESS PHONE: 2132440461 10-K405 1 10-K405 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549 FORM 10-K (MARK ONE) X ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE - --- ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED: DECEMBER 31, 1998 OR TRANSITION REPORT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF - --- 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _____ TO _____ COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-13637 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter) MARYLAND 95-4650863 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation (I.R.S. Employer or organization) Identification Number) 865 SOUTH FIGUEROA STREET LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90017 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code (213) 244-0440 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EXCHANGE WHICH REGISTERED Common Stock ($.01 par value) New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No _____ --- Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X] At March 19, 1999, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates was $64,872,147 based on the closing price of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange. Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at March 19, 1999: 5,753,000 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days from December 31, 1998, are incorporated by reference into Part III. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 CERTAIN INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT CONSTITUTES "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" WHICH CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY THE USE OF FORWARD-LOOKING TERMINOLOGY SUCH AS "MAY," "WILL," "SHOULD," "EXPECT," "ANTICIPATE," "ESTIMATE," "INTEND," "CONTINUE," OR "BELIEVES" OR THE NEGATIVES THEREOF OR OTHER VARIATIONS THEREON OR COMPARABLE TERMINOLOGY. SOME IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT WOULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE IN ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES; DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN BUSINESS, MARKET, FINANCIAL OR LEGAL CONDITIONS; DIFFERENCES IN THE ACTUAL ALLOCATION OF THE ASSETS OF THE COMPANY FROM THOSE ASSUMED; AND THE DEGREE TO WHICH ASSETS ARE HEDGED AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HEDGE, AMONG OTHERS. IN ADDITION, THE DEGREE OF RISK IS INCREASED BY THE COMPANY'S LEVERAGING OF ITS ASSETS. 2 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. 1998 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE ---- PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS 4 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES 21 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 21 ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS 22 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 22 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 23 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 24 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 31 ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 33 ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE 33 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT 34 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 34 ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT 34 ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS 34 PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K 35 GLOSSARY 36
3 CERTAIN CAPITALIZED AND OTHER TERMS USED HEREIN SHALL HAVE THE MEANINGS ASSIGNED TO THEM IN THE GLOSSARY AT THE END OF THIS REPORT. PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS GENERAL Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. (the "Company"), a Maryland corporation, was formed on September 15, 1997, primarily to acquire United States agency and other highly rated, single-family real estate adjustable and fixed rate Mortgage Related Assets. The Company commenced operations on December 9, 1997 following the initial public offering of the Company's Common Stock. The Company's principal executive offices are located at 865 South Figueroa Street, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90017, and its telephone number is (213) 244-0440. The Company uses its equity capital and borrowed funds to seek to generate income based on the difference between the yield on its Mortgage Related Assets and the cost of its borrowings. The Company has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). The Company will not generally be subject to federal taxes on its income to the extent that it distributes its net income to its stockholders and maintains its qualification as a REIT. The day-to-day operations of the Company are managed by an external management company, TCW Investment Management Company (the "Manager"), subject to the direction and oversight of the Company's Board of Directors. A majority of the Board of Directors are unaffiliated with The TCW Group, Inc. ("TCW" and, together with its subsidiaries and Affiliates, the "TCW Group") or the Manager. The Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TCW. The Manager was established in 1992 and the TCW Group began operations in 1971 through one of its affiliates. The Company's investment management team are selected members of the TCW Group's Mortgage-Backed Securities Group (the "MBS Group"), all of whom have over eleven years of experience in raising and managing mortgage capital. The Company has elected to be externally managed by the Manager to take advantage of the existing operational systems, expertise and economies of scale associated with the Manager's current business operations, among other reasons. The Manager's key officers have experience in raising and managing mortgage capital, mortgage finance and the purchase and administration of Mortgage Related Assets. RECENT EVENTS CHANGES IN INVESTMENT AND INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES. In May 1998, the Company's Board of Directors approved a change to the Company's investment policy permitting the Company to invest in either adjustable-rate or fixed-rate mortgage securities. Prior to the modification, the Company's investment policy stated that the Company would invest primarily in adjustable-rate mortgage securities. At the same, the Board of Directors refined the interest rate risk management policy to replace the requirement that the weighted average time to reset on the Company's mortgage assets and debts remain within ninety days to a duration based policy. The new policy targets the difference between the weighted average duration of the Company's mortgage assets and the related debt used for funding to one year or less, taking into account all hedging transactions. AMENDMENT TO 1997 STOCK OPTION PLAN. In December 1998, the Company's Board of Directors approved certain amendments to the Company's 1997 Stock Option Plan which permit the Board of Director's Compensation Committee, the members of which are the Unaffiliated Directors, to make discretionary option grants from time to time to the Unaffiliated Directors, subject to ratification by the Board of Directors. SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM. In September 1998, the Company's Board of Directors renewed and expanded a program to repurchase up to 1,500,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. As of March 19, 1999, the Company had repurchased 947,100 shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the program. The average price per share repurchased was $11.16. An additional 552,900 shares are currently authorized for potential repurchase in the future. The Company may continue to repurchase shares in the future when market conditions warrant. See "Item 5.- Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters" in this report. 4 DIVIDEND DECLARATION. On March 18, 1999, the Company's Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of $0.38 per share. The dividend is payable on April 9, 1999, to shareholders of record on March 31, 1998. REPORTING PERIOD. Unless otherwise noted, this report describes the Company's operations and developments through the date hereof. Information given for the year ended December 31, 1997 represents the Company's initial twenty two days of operations which the reader should bear in mind when making comparisons to 1998 data. STRATEGY To achieve its business objective and generate dividend yields that provide a competitive rate of return for its stockholders, the Company's strategy is to: - - purchase primarily single-family adjustable and fixed rate Mortgage Related Assets; - - manage the credit risk of its Mortgage Related Assets through, among other activities (i) carefully selecting Mortgage Related Assets to be acquired, (ii) complying with the Company's investment policy, (iii) actively monitoring the ongoing credit quality and servicing of its Mortgage Related Assets, and (iv) maintaining appropriate capital levels and allowances for possible credit losses; - - finance purchases of Mortgage Related Assets with the net proceeds of equity offerings and, to the extent permitted by the Company's leverage policy, to utilize leverage to increase potential returns to stockholders through borrowings (primarily reverse repurchase agreements) with interest rates that will also reflect changes in short-term market interest rates; - - seek to structure its borrowings in accordance with its interest rate risk management policy; - - utilize interest rate caps, swaps and similar financial instruments to mitigate interest rate risks; and - - seek to minimize prepayment risk primarily by structuring a diversified portfolio with a variety of prepayment characteristics. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to generate competitive earnings and dividends while holding primarily High Quality Mortgage Related Assets and maintaining a disciplined risk-control profile. The Company may attempt to increase the return to stockholders over time by: (i) raising additional capital in order to increase its ability to invest in additional Mortgage Related Assets; (ii) lowering its effective borrowing costs through direct funding with collateralized lenders, in addition to using Wall Street intermediaries, and investigating the possibility of using collateralized commercial paper and medium-term note programs; and (iii) improving the efficiency of its balance sheet structure by issuing uncollateralized subordinated debt and other forms of capital. MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS The Company is a financial company that uses its equity capital and borrowed funds to seek to generate net income based on the difference between the interest income on its assets and the cost of its borrowings. The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. The Company intends to operate in accordance with its operating policies as approved by the Company's Board of Directors at least annually. The Company has established the following four primary operating policies to implement its business strategy of acquiring assets consisting primarily of United States agency and other high rated single-family real estate mortgage securities and mortgage loans in order to generate dividend yields that provide a competitive rate of return for its stockholders. These policies supercede the Management Policies and Programs stated in the Company's prospectus dated December 3, 1997, Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, and Forms 10-Q for its quarters ended March 31, June 30 and September 30, 1998. - - Investment Policy - - Leverage Policy - - Interest Rate Risk Management Policy - - REIT Compliance Policy Compliance with the policy guidelines shall be determined at the time of purchase of the Mortgage Related Assets (based on the most recent valuation used by the Company) and will not be affected by events subsequent to such purchase. Such events include, without limitation, changes in characterization, value or rating of any specific Mortgage Related Assets or economic conditions or other events generally affecting any Mortgage Related Assets of the type held by the Company. INVESTMENT POLICY The Company intends to acquire investments that it believes will maximize returns on capital invested, after considering (i) the amount and nature of the anticipated returns from the investment, (ii) the Company's ability to pledge the investment to secure collateralized borrowings, and (iii) the costs associated with financing, hedging, managing, securitizing and reserving for such investments. The Company generally expects to primarily invest in Mortgage Related Assets that may include Short-Term Investments, Mortgage-Backed Securities, High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans, Mortgage Derivative Securities and Other Investments. 5 The Company's investment policy is intended to provide guidelines for the acquisition of its investments. Specifically, the investment policy states that the Company intends to acquire a portfolio of investments that can be segregated into specific categories. Each category and its respective investment limitations are as follows: 50% CATEGORY At least 50% of the Company's total assets are expected to consist of (i) Short-Term Investments, (ii) Mortgage-Backed Securities that are either issued or guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government, (iii) Mortgage-Backed Securities that are rated AAA by at least one nationally recognized rating agency or (iv) High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans that are funded with Committed Secured Borrowings. 75% CATEGORY At least 75% of the Company's total assets are expected to consist of investments that qualify for the 50% Category or other Mortgage-Backed Securities that have received an investment grade rating by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. 90% CATEGORY At least 90% of the Company's total assets are expected to consist of investments that qualify for the 75% Category or High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans that are not funded by Committed Secured Borrowings. 10% CATEGORY Not more than 10% of the Company's total assets are expected to consist of (i) Mortgage-Backed Securities rated below investment grade, (ii) Mortgage Derivative Securities or (iii) Other Investments. LEVERAGE POLICY The Company generally anticipates utilizing leverage to increase returns to its shareholders. The Company's goal is to strike a balance between the under-utilization of leverage, which reduces potential returns to stockholders, and the over-utilization of leverage, which could reduce the Company's ability to meet its obligations during periods of adverse market conditions. The Company has established a leverage policy to control the type and amount of leverage used to fund the acquisition of its Mortgage Related Assets. The Company's leverage policy is intended to provide guidelines for utilizing secured borrowings in the form of Uncommitted Secured Borrowings and Committed Secured Borrowings. UNCOMMITTED SECURED BORROWINGS The Company expects a substantial portion of its borrowings may consist of Uncommitted Secured Borrowings including reverse repurchase agreements, lines of credit, Dollar-Roll Agreements, and other financing transactions. Such funding sources generally do not commit the lender to continue to provide financing to the Company. The Company intends to limit the amount of Uncommitted Secured Borrowings to 92% of its total assets, less any assets that are funded with Committed Secured Borrowings, plus the market value of any related hedging transactions. If the amount of such borrowings exceeds 92%, the Manager will be required to submit to the Company's Board of Directors a plan designed to bring the total amount of Uncommitted Secured Borrowings below the 92% limitation. It is anticipated that in many circumstances this goal will be achieved over time without active management through the natural process of mortgage principal repayments and increases in the market value of the Company's total assets. The Company anticipates that it will only enter into repurchase agreements and other financing transactions with counter-parties rated investment grade by a Rating Agency. COMMITTED SECURED BORROWINGS The Company's borrowings may consist of Committed Secured Borrowings, including the issuance of CMOs, structured commercial paper programs, secured term notes and other financing transactions. Such funding sources generally commit the lender to provide financing to the Company for a specified period of time or to provide financing to the Company to fund specific assets until they mature. The Company intends to limit the amount of Committed Secured Borrowings to 97% of the assets funded with such borrowings at the time any corresponding transaction is entered into. 6 INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY The Company has established an interest rate risk management policy that is intended to mitigate the negative impact of changing interest rates. The Company generally intends to mitigate interest rate risk by targeting the difference between the market weighted average duration on its Mortgage Related Assets funded with secured borrowings to the market weighted average duration of such borrowings to one year or less, taking into account all hedging transactions. The Company generally does not intend to have any specific duration target for the portion of its Mortgage Related Assets that are not funded by secured borrowings. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to limit such duration differences and there may be periods of time when the duration difference will be greater than one year. The Company may implement its interest rate risk management policy by utilizing various hedging transactions, including interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate caps, interest rate floors, financial futures contracts, options on financial futures contracts, and other structured transactions. The Company does not intend to enter into such transactions for speculative purposes. REIT COMPLIANCE POLICY The Company intends to operate its business in compliance with the REIT Provisions of the Code. Accordingly, all of the provisions outlined in the Company's investment, leverage and interest rate risk management policies are subordinate to the REIT Provisions of the Code if any conflicts arise. To qualify for tax treatment as a REIT, the Company must meet certain tests as fully described in sections 856 and 857 of the Code. A summary of the requirements for qualification as a REIT is described immediately below. STOCK OWNERSHIP TESTS. The capital stock of the Company must be held by at least 100 persons and no more than 50% of the value of such capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at all times during the last half of the taxable year. Tax-Exempt Entities, other than private foundations and certain unemployment compensation trusts, are generally not treated as individuals for these purposes. The stock ownership requirements must be satisfied in the Company's second taxable year and in each subsequent taxable year. ASSET TESTS. The Company must generally meet the following asset tests at the close of each quarter of each taxable year. At least 75% of the value of the Company's total assets must consist of Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets, U.S. Government securities, cash and cash items (the "75% Asset Test"). The value of securities held by the Company but not taken into account for purposes of the 75% Asset Test must not exceed (i) 5% of the value of the Company's total assets in the case of securities of any one non-government issuer, or (ii) 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any such issuer. INCOME TESTS. The Company must generally meet certain gross income tests for each taxable year. At least 75% of the Company's gross income must be derived from certain specified real estate sources, including interest income and gain from the disposition of Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets or Qualified Temporary Investment Income (the "75% Gross Income Test"). At least 95% of the Company's gross income for each taxable year must be derived from sources of income qualifying for the 75% Gross Income Test, dividends, interest unrelated to real estate, and gains from the sale of stock or other securities (including certain interest rate swap and cap agreements entered into to hedge variable rate debt incurred to acquire Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets) not held for sale in the ordinary course of business (the "95% Gross Income Test"). DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS. The Company must generally distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 95% of the Company's taxable income before deductions of dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. The Company has until January 31 following the end of the fiscal year to pay the dividends out to shareholders and is permitted to offer a special dividend in order to meet the 95% requirement. OTHER POLICIES The Company intends to operate in a manner that will not subject it to regulation under the Investment Company Act. The Company does not currently intend to (i) originate Mortgage Loans or (ii) offer securities in exchange for real property. The Company will not purchase any Mortgage Related Assets from its Affiliates other than mortgage securities that may be purchased from a taxable subsidiary of the Company that may be formed in connection with the securitization of Mortgage Loans. 7 FUTURE REVISIONS IN POLICIES AND STRATEGIES The Company's Board of Directors has established the policies and strategies set forth in this report. The Board of Directors (subject to approval by a majority of Unaffiliated Directors) has the power to modify or waive such policies and strategies without the consent of the stockholders. The Company's Board of Directors will at least annually establish and approve (including approval by a majority of Unaffiliated Directors) the policies and strategies of the Company. 8 DESCRIPTION OF MORTGAGE RELATED ASSETS The Company invests principally in the following types of Mortgage Related Assets subject to the operating restrictions described in "Management Policies and Programs" below. PRIMARY MORTGAGE SECURITIES PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES. Pass-Through Certificates are securities representing interests in "pools" of mortgage loans secured by residential real property in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are generally made monthly, in effect "passing through" monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the mortgage loans which underlie the securities (net of fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities). Early repayment of principal on some Mortgage Related Assets (arising from prepayments of principal due to sale of the underlying property, refinancing, or foreclosure, net of fees and costs which may be incurred) may expose the Company to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. This is known as prepayment risk. Also, if a security subject to prepayment has been purchased at a premium, the value of the premium would be lost in the event of prepayment. Like other fixed income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of a Mortgage Related Asset generally will decline; however, when interest rates are declining, the value of Mortgage Related Assets with prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed income securities. The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a Mortgage Related Asset, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated at the time of purchase. When interest rates rise, the holdings of Mortgage Related Assets by the Company can reduce returns if the owners of the underlying mortgages pay off their mortgages later than anticipated. This is known as extension risk. Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage pass-through securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA")) or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C., Section 1716 et seq.), formerly known as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC")) which are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's obligations. Mortgage Related Assets created by non-governmental issuers (such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit, which may be issued by governmental entities, private insurers or the mortgage poolers. COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs") are hybrid mortgage related instruments. Interest and pre-paid principal on a CMO are paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, or Fannie Mae. CMOs are structured into multiple classes, with each class bearing a different stated maturity. Monthly payments of principal, including prepayments, are first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class; investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by any of its agencies or instrumentalities will be considered U.S. Government securities by the Company. OTHER MORTGAGE SECURITIES GENERAL. The Company may acquire other mortgage securities such as non-High Quality Mortgage Related Assets and other mortgage securities collateralized by single-family Mortgage Loans, mortgage warehouse participations, Mortgage Derivative Securities, subordinated interests and other mortgage-backed and mortgage-collateralized obligations, other than pass-through certificates and CMOs. MORTGAGE DERIVATIVE SECURITIES. The Company may acquire Mortgage Derivative Securities not to exceed 10% of its total assets. Mortgage Derivative Securities provide for the holder to receive interest only, principal only, or interest and 9 principal in amounts that are disproportionate to those payable on the underlying Mortgage Loans. Payments on Mortgage Derivative Securities are highly sensitive to the rate of prepayments on the underlying Mortgage Loans. In the event of more rapid (slower) than anticipated prepayments on such Mortgage Loans, the rates of return on interests in Mortgage Derivative Securities representing the right to receive interest only or a disproportionately large amount of interest ("Interest Only Derivatives") would be likely to decline (increase). Conversely, the rates of return on Mortgage Derivative Securities representing the right to receive principal only or a disproportionate amount of principal ("Principal Only Derivatives") would be likely to increase (decrease) in the event of rapid (slow) prepayments. The Company may also invest in Inverse Floaters, a class of CMOs with a coupon rate that resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which it is indexed such as the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or the 11th District Cost of Funds Index ("COFI"). Any rise in the index rate (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate of an Inverse Floater while any drop in the index rate causes an increase in the coupon of an Inverse Floater. An Inverse Floater may behave like a security that is leveraged since its interest rate usually varies by a magnitude much greater than the magnitude of the index rate of interest. The "leverage-like" characteristics inherent in Inverse Floaters are associated with greater volatility in their market prices. The Company also may invest in other Mortgage Derivative Securities that may in the future be developed. SUBORDINATED INTERESTS. The Company also may acquire subordinated interests, which are classes of mortgage securities that are junior to other classes of such series of mortgage securities in the right to receive payments from the underlying Mortgage Loans. The subordination may be for all payment failures on the Mortgage Loans securing or underlying such series of mortgage securities. The subordination will not be limited to those resulting from certain types of risks, such as those resulting from war, earthquake or flood, or the bankruptcy of a borrower. The subordination may be for the entire amount of the series of mortgage securities or may be limited in amount. MORTGAGE WAREHOUSE PARTICIPATIONS. The Company also may from time to time acquire mortgage warehouse participations as an additional means of diversifying its sources of income. The Company anticipates that such investments, together with its investments in Other Mortgage Assets, will not in the aggregate exceed 10% of its total Mortgage Related Assets. These investments are participations in lines of credit to Mortgage Loan originators that are secured by recently originated Mortgage Loans that are in the process of being sold to investors. Mortgage warehouse participations do not qualify as Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets. Accordingly, this activity is limited by the REIT Provisions of the Code. MORTGAGE LOANS GENERAL. The Company intends to acquire and accumulate Mortgage Loans as part of its investment strategy until a sufficient quantity has been accumulated for securitization into High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans. The Company anticipates that the Mortgage Loans acquired by it and not yet securitized, together with its investments in other Mortgage Related Assets, will not constitute more than 25% of the Company's total Mortgage Related Assets at any time. All Mortgage Loans will be acquired with the intention of securitizing them into High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in securitizing the Mortgage Loans. To meet the Company's investment criteria, the Mortgage Loans to be acquired by the Company will generally conform to the underwriting guidelines established by Fannie Mae, FHLMC or other credit insurers. Applicable banking laws generally require that an appraisal be obtained in connection with the original issuance of Mortgage Loans by the lending institution. The Company does not intend to obtain additional appraisals at the time of acquiring Mortgage Loans. The Mortgage Loans may be originated by or purchased from various suppliers of Mortgage Related Assets throughout the United States, such as savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, home-builders, insurance companies and other mortgage lenders. The Company may acquire Mortgage Loans directly from originators and from entities holding Mortgage Loans originated by others. The Board of Directors of the Company has not established any limits upon the geographic concentration of Mortgage Loans to be acquired by the Company or the credit quality of suppliers of Mortgage Related Assets. CONFORMING AND NONCONFORMING MORTGAGE LOANS. The Company may acquire both Conforming and Nonconforming Mortgage Loans for securitization. Conforming Mortgage Loans comply with the requirements for inclusion in a loan guarantee program sponsored by Fannie Mae, FHLMC or GNMA. Nonconforming Mortgage Loans are Mortgage Loans that do not qualify in one or more respects for purchase by Fannie Mae or FHLMC under their standard programs. The Company expects that a majority of Nonconforming Mortgage Loans it purchases will be nonconforming primarily because they have original principal balances which exceed the requirements for FHLMC or Fannie Mae programs. COMMITMENTS TO MORTGAGE LOAN SELLERS. The Company may issue commitments to originators and other sellers of Mortgage Loans who follow policies and procedures that generally comply with Fannie Mae and FHLMC regulations and guidelines and that comply with all applicable federal and state laws and regulations for Mortgage Loans secured by single-family (one-to-four units) residential properties. In addition, commitments may be issued for agency certificates as well as 10 privately issued pass-through certificates and Mortgage Loans. Although the Company may commit to acquire Mortgage Loans prior to funding, all Mortgage Loans are to be fully funded prior to their acquisition by the Company. Following the issuance of commitments, the Company will be exposed to risks of interest rate fluctuations similar to those risks on Mortgage Related Assets. SECURITIZATION OF MORTGAGE LOANS. The Mortgage Loans will be acquired by the Company and held until a sufficient quantity has been accumulated for securitization. During the accumulation period, the Company will be subject to risks of borrower defaults and bankruptcies, fraud losses and special hazard losses (such as those occurring from earthquakes or floods) that are not covered by standard hazard insurance. In the event of a default on any Mortgage Loan held by the Company, the Company will bear the risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral underlying the Mortgage Loan and the principal amount of the Mortgage Loan. No assurance can be given that any such mortgage, fraud or hazard insurance will adequately cover a loss suffered by the Company. Also during the accumulation period, the costs of financing the Mortgage Loans through reverse repurchase agreements and other borrowings and lines of credit with warehouse lenders could exceed the interest income on the Mortgage Loans. It may not be possible or economical for the Company to complete the securitization for all Mortgage Loans that the Company acquires, in which case the Company will continue to bear the risks of borrower defaults and special hazard losses. PROTECTION AGAINST MORTGAGE LOAN RISKS. It is anticipated that each Mortgage Loan purchased will have a commitment for mortgage pool insurance from a mortgage insurance company with a claims-paying ability rated investment grade by either of the Rating Agencies. Mortgage pool insurance insures the payment of certain portions of the principal and interest on Mortgage Loans. In lieu of mortgage pool insurance, the Company may arrange for other forms of credit enhancement such as letters of credit, subordination of cash flows, corporate guaranties, establishment of reserve accounts or over-collateralization. It is expected that when the Company acquires Mortgage Loans, the seller will generally represent and warrant to the Company that there has been no fraud or misrepresentation during the origination of the Mortgage Loans and generally agree to repurchase any Mortgage Loan with respect to which there is fraud or misrepresentation. The Company will provide similar representations and warranties when the Company sells or pledges the Mortgage Loans as collateral for mortgage securities. If a Mortgage Loan becomes delinquent and the pool insurer is able to prove that there was a fraud or misrepresentation in connection with the origination of the Mortgage Loan, the pool insurer will not be liable for the portion of the loss attributable to such fraud or misrepresentation. Although the Company will generally have recourse to the seller based on the seller's representations and warranties to the Company, the Company will generally be at risk for loss to the extent the seller does not perform its repurchase obligations. PRINCIPAL RISKS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS LEVERAGE RISK. The Company employs a leveraging strategy of generally borrowing up to 92% of its total assets to finance the acquisition of additional Mortgage Related Assets. The Company's borrowing may, at times, exceed 92% of its total assets. In the event borrowing costs exceed the income on its Mortgage Related Assets, the Company will experience negative cash flow and incur losses. Another risk of leverage is the possibility that the value of the collateral securing the borrowings will decline. In such event, additional collateral or repayment of borrowings would be required. The Company could be required to sell Mortgage Related Assets under adverse market conditions in order to maintain liquidity. If these sales were made at prices lower than the carrying value of the Mortgage Related Assets, the Company would experience losses. INTEREST RATE RISK. There is the possibility that the value of the Company's Mortgage Related Assets may fall since fixed income securities generally fall when interest rates rise. The longer the term of a fixed income instrument, the more sensitive it will be to fluctuations in value from interest rate changes. Changes in interest rates may have a significant effect on the Company's operations, because it may hold Mortgage Related Assets with long terms to maturity. Rising interest rates will negatively impact the Company's borrowings since the value of the collateral securing the borrowing will decline in value, requiring additional collateral or repayments of borrowing. This could reduce the level of borrowings and reduce returns. Also, when interest rates rise, the Company's holding of Mortgage Related Assets can reduce returns if the owners of the underlying mortgages pay-off their mortgages later than anticipated. This is known as EXTENSION RISK. When interest rates drop, the Company's holdings of the Mortgage Related Assets can reduce returns if the owners of the underlying mortgages pay off their mortgages sooner than anticipated since the funds prepaid will have to be invested at the then lower prevailing rate. This is known as PREPAYMENT RISK. In addition, when interest rates drop, not only can the value of Mortgage Related Assets drop, but the yield can drop, particularly where the yield on the security is tied to interest rates, such as adjustable mortgages. LIQUIDITY RISK. There is the possibility that the Company may lose money or be prevented from earning capital gains if it cannot sell a Mortgage Related Asset at a time and price that is most beneficial to the Company. The Company is subject to liquidity risk because it invests in mortgage securities which have experienced periods of illiquidity. 11 CREDIT RISK. Credit risk is the possibility that the Company could lose money if an issuer is unable to meet its financial obligations, such as the payment of principal and/or interest on an instrument, or goes bankrupt. The Company may invest a portion of its assets in Mortgage Related Assets which are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or investment grade, which may make the Company subject to substantial credit risk. This is especially true during periods of economic uncertainty or during economic down turns. FAILURE TO MAINTAIN REIT STATUS RISK. Failure to maintain REIT status risk refers to the possibility that the Company may become subject to federal income tax as a regular corporation. The Company intends at all times to maintain substantially all of its investments in, and otherwise conduct its business in a manner consistent with, the REIT Provisions of the Code. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT, it would be treated as a regular corporation for federal tax purposes. This would result in the Company being subject to federal income tax that would further result in a substantial reduction of cash available for distribution to shareholders. FAILURE TO MAINTAIN INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT EXEMPTION RISK. The Company intends to conduct its business so as not to become a "regulated investment company" under the Investment Company Act. As a result, the Company's ownership of certain Mortgage Related Assets may be limited by the Investment Company Act. This could have the effect of adversely affecting the Company's operations and returns to shareholders. In addition, if the Company fails to qualify for the exemption from registration as an investment company, its ability to use leverage would be substantially reduced. This could reduce income to the Company and returns to shareholders. 12 FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax consequences for the Company. This discussion is based on current law. The following discussion is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. It does not give a detailed discussion of any state, local or foreign tax considerations, nor does it discuss all of the aspects of federal, state, local or foreign income taxation that may be relevant to a stockholder of the Company in light of such stockholder's particular circumstances. Prospective investors in the Company are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the specific consequences to each of them of the purchase, ownership and sale of stock in an entity electing to be taxed as a REIT, including the federal, state, local, foreign and other tax considerations of such purchase, ownership, sale and election and the potential changes in applicable tax laws. GENERAL The Code provides special tax treatment for organizations that qualify and elect to be taxed as REITs. In brief, if certain specific conditions imposed by the Code are met, entities that invest primarily in real estate assets, including Mortgage Loans, that otherwise would be taxed as corporations are generally not taxed at the corporate level on their taxable income that is distributed to their stockholders. This treatment eliminates most of the "double taxation" (at the corporate level and then again at the stockholder level when the income is distributed) that typically results from the use of corporate investment vehicles. A qualifying REIT, however, may be subject to certain excise and other taxes, as well as normal corporate tax, on Taxable Income that is not currently distributed to its stockholders. The Company has made an election to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1997. There can be no assurance, however, that all qualification requirements for such treatment will be met. In the event that the Company does not qualify as a REIT in any year, it will be subject to federal income tax as a domestic corporation and its stockholders will be taxed in the same manner as stockholders of ordinary corporations. To the extent that the Company would, as a consequence, be subject to potentially significant tax liabilities, the amount of earnings and cash available for distribution to its stockholders would be reduced. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALIFICATION AS A REIT To qualify for tax treatment as a REIT under the Code, the Company must meet certain tests. The Company has adopted a policy to comply with the REIT Provisions of the Code. TERMINATION OR REVOCATION OF REIT STATUS The Company's election to be treated as a REIT will be terminated automatically if it fails to meet the Code's requirements. If this occurs, the Company will not be eligible again to elect REIT status until the fifth taxable year that begins after the year for which its election was terminated unless all of the following relief provisions apply: (i) the Company did not willfully fail to file a timely return with respect to the termination taxable year; (ii) inclusion of incorrect information in such return was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax; and (iii) the Company establishes that failure to meet requirements was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. The Company may also voluntarily revoke its election, although it has no intention of doing so, in which event it will be prohibited, without exception, from electing REIT status for the year to which the revocation relates and the following four taxable years. 13 If the Company fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions do not apply, the Company would be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders of the Company with respect to any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT would not be deductible by the Company nor would they be required to be made. Failure to qualify as a REIT would result in the Company's reduction of its distributions to stockholders in order to pay the resulting taxes. If, after forfeiting REIT status, the Company later qualifies and elects to be taxed as a REIT again, the Company could face significant adverse tax consequences. TAXATION OF THE COMPANY In any year in which the Company qualifies as a REIT, it generally will not be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its Taxable Income or net capital gain which is distributed to its stockholders. The Company will, however, be subject to tax at normal corporate rates upon any net income or net capital gain not distributed with respect to undistributed income. The Company intends to distribute substantially all of its Taxable Income to its stockholders on a pro rata basis in each year. In addition, the Company will also be subject to a tax of 100% of net income from any prohibited transaction under the Code and will be subject to a 100% tax on the amount by which it fails either the 75% or 95% Gross Income Tests, reduced by approximated expenses, if the failure to satisfy such tests is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if certain other requirements are met. The Company may also be subject to the alternative minimum tax on certain items of tax preference with respect to undistributed income. The Company may securitize Mortgage Loans and sell such mortgage securities through a taxable subsidiary. However, if the Company itself were to sell such mortgage securities on a regular basis, there is a substantial risk that they would be deemed dealer property and that all of the profits from such sales would be subject to tax at the rate of 100% as income from prohibited transactions under the Code. The Company therefore, intends to make any such sales through a taxable subsidiary. The taxable subsidiary will not be subject to this 100% tax on income from prohibited transactions under the Code, which is only applicable to REITs. The Company may elect to retain and pay income tax on all or a portion of its net long-term capital gains for any taxable year, in which case the Company's stockholders would include in their income as long-term capital gains their proportionate share of such undistributed capital gains. The stockholders would be treated as having paid their proportionate share of the capital gains tax paid by the Company, which amounts would be credited or refunded to the stockholders. The Company will also be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax if it fails to make timely dividend distributions for each calendar year. The Company intends to declare its fourth regular annual dividend during the final quarter of the year and to make such dividend distribution no later than 31 days after the end of the year in order to avoid imposition of the excise tax. Such a distribution would be taxed to the stockholders in the year that the distribution was declared, not in the year paid. Imposition of the excise tax on the Company would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to its stockholders. TAXABLE SUBSIDIARIES The Company may, in the future, cause the creation and sale of mortgage securities through a taxable corporation. The Company and one or more persons or entities will own all of the capital stock of that taxable corporation, sometimes referred to as a "taxable subsidiary." In order to ensure that the Company will not violate the prohibition on ownership of more than 10% of the voting stock of a single issuer and the prohibition on investing more than 5% of the value of its assets in the stock or securities of a single issuer, the Company will own only shares of nonvoting preferred stock of that taxable subsidiary corporation and will not own any of the taxable subsidiary's common stock. In addition, the dividends that the taxable subsidiary pays to the Company will not qualify as income from Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test, and will have to be limited, along with the Company's other interest, dividends, gains on the sale of securities, hedging income, and other income not derived from Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets to less than 25% of the Company's gross revenues in each year. If the taxable subsidiary creates a taxable mortgage pool, such pool itself will constitute a separate taxable subsidiary of the taxable subsidiary. The taxable subsidiary would be unable to offset the income derived from such a taxable mortgage pool with losses derived from any other activities. The Company's ability to 14 establish and maintain taxable subsidiaries may be adversely affected by a recent legislative proposal. See "Recent Proposed Legislation" below. TAXATION OF STOCKHOLDERS For any taxable year in which the Company is treated as a REIT for federal income purposes, amounts distributed by the Company to its stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits will be includable by the stockholders as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes unless properly designated by it as capital gain dividends. In the latter case, the distributions will be taxable to the stockholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions of the Company will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. Stockholders may not deduct any net operating losses or capital losses of the Company. Any loss on the sale or exchange of shares of the Common Stock held by a stockholder for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividend received on the Common Stock held by such stockholders during the six-month period. If the Company makes distributions to its stockholders in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits, those distributions will be considered first a tax-free return of capital, reducing the tax basis of a stockholder's shares until the tax basis is zero. Such distributions in excess of the tax basis will be taxable as a gain realized from the sale of the Company's Common Stock. The Company will notify stockholders after the close of the Company's taxable year as to the portions of the distributions which constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain. Dividends and distributions declared in the last quarter of any year payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in such month may be deemed to have been received by the stockholders and paid by the Company on December 31 of the record year, provided that such dividends are paid before February 1 of the following year. TAXATION OF TAX-EXEMPT ENTITIES In general, a Tax-Exempt Entity that is a stockholder of the Company is not subject to tax on distributions. The IRS has ruled that amounts distributed by a REIT to an exempt employees' pension trust do not constitute UBTI and thus should be nontaxable to such a Tax-Exempt Entity. However, if a Tax-Exempt Entity has financed the acquisition of any of its stock in the Company with "acquisition indebtedness" within the meaning of the Code, distributions on such stock could be treated as UBTI. Under certain conditions, if a tax-exempt employee pension or profit sharing trust were to acquire more than 10% of the Company's Common Stock, a portion of the dividends on such Common Stock could be treated as UBTI. For social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Code Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20), respectively, income from an investment in the Company will constitute UBTI unless the organization is able to properly deduct amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the UBTI generated by its investment in the Company. Such entities should review Code Section 512(a)(3) and should consult their own tax advisors concerning these "set aside" and reserve requirements. STATE AND LOCAL TAXES The Company and its stockholders may be subject to state or local taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which it or they transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment of the Company and its stockholders may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in the Common Stock. CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES APPLICABLE TO FOREIGN HOLDERS The following discussion summarizes certain United States tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the Common Stock by a purchaser of the Common Stock that, for United States income tax purposes, is not a 15 "United States Holder" (a "Foreign Holder"). For purposes of discussion, a United States Holder means: a citizen or resident of the United States; a corporation, partnership, or other entity created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof (unless, in the case of a partnership, the IRS provides otherwise by regulations); an estate whose income is includable in gross income for United States income tax purposes regardless of its source; or, a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. This discussion does not consider any specific facts or circumstances that may apply to a particular Foreign Holder. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the United States tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of Common Stock, as well as any tax consequences that may arise under the laws of any foreign, state, local or other taxing jurisdiction. DIVIDENDS. Dividends paid by the Company out of earnings and profits to a Foreign Holder will generally be subject to federal income tax withholding at the rate of 30%, unless reduced or eliminated by an applicable tax treaty or unless such dividends are treated as effectively connected with a United States trade or business conducted by the Foreign Holder. A Foreign Holder eligible for a reduction in withholding under an applicable treaty must so notify the Company by completing the appropriate IRS form. Distributions paid by the Company in excess of its earnings and profits will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the holder's adjusted basis in his Common Stock, and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset as described below. If it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether such distribution will exceed the Company's earnings and profits (which, under most circumstances, will correspond to the Company's net income before the deduction for dividends paid), the distribution will be subject to withholding at the same rate as dividends. However, any amounts withheld will be refundable or creditable against the Foreign Holder's United States tax liability if the Company subsequently determines that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of the earnings and profits of the Company. If the receipt of the dividend is treated as being effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by a Foreign Holder, the dividend received will be subject to the United States federal income tax on net income that applies to United States persons generally (and, in addition with respect to foreign corporate holders and under certain circumstances, the 30% branch profits tax). For any year in which the Company qualifies as a REIT, distributions to a Foreign Holder that are attributable to gain from the sales or exchanges by the Company of "United States real property interests" will be treated as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States business and will thus be subject to tax at the normal capital gain rates applicable to United States stockholders (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax) under the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA"). Also, distributions subject to FIRPTA may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign corporate stockholder not entitled to a treaty exemption. The Company is required to withhold 35% of any distribution that could be designated by the Company as a capital gains dividend. This amount may be credited against the Foreign Holder's FIRPTA tax liability. GAIN ON DISPOSITION. A Foreign Holder will generally not be subject to United States federal income tax on a gain recognized on a sale or other disposition of the Common Stock unless (i) the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by the Foreign Holder, (ii) in the case of a Foreign Holder who is a nonresident alien individual and holds the Common Stock as a capital asset, such holder is present in the United States for 183 or more days (computed in part by reference to days present in the two prior years) in the taxable year and certain other requirements are met, or (iii) the Foreign Holder is subject to tax under the FIRPTA rules discussed below. Gain that is effectively connected with the conduct of a United States Holder will be subject to the United States federal income tax on net income that applies to United States persons generally (and, with respect to corporate holders and under certain circumstances, the branch profits tax) but will not be subject to withholding. Foreign Holders should consult applicable treaties, which may provide for different rules. Gain recognized by a Foreign Holder upon a sale of its Common Stock will generally not be subject to tax under FIRPTA if the Company is a "domestically controlled REIT," which is defined generally as a REIT in which at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of its shares were held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. persons. Because only a minority of the Company's stockholders are expected to be Foreign Holders, the Company anticipates that it will qualify as a domestically controlled REIT. Accordingly, a Foreign Holder should not be subject to U.S. tax from gains recognized upon disposition of the Common Stock. However, because the Common Stock is publicly traded, no assurance can be given that the Company will continue to be a domestically controlled REIT. INFORMATION REPORTING AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING. United States information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax will generally not apply to dividends paid on the Common Stock to a Foreign Holder at an address outside the United States. Payments by a United States office of a broker of the proceeds of a sale of the Common Stock is subject to both backup withholding at a rate of 31% and information reporting unless the holder certifies its Foreign Holder status 16 under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption. Information reporting requirements (but not backup withholding) will also apply to payments of the proceeds of sales of the Common Stock by foreign offices of United States brokers, or foreign brokers with certain types of relationships to the United States, unless the broker has documentary evidence in its records that the holder is a Foreign Holder and certain other conditions are met, or the holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be refunded or credited against the Foreign Holder's United States federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. These information reporting and backup withholding rules are under review by the United States Treasury and their application to the Common Stock could be changed by future regulations. RECENT PROPOSED LEGISLATION The Clinton Administration has recently released a description of a proposed legislative changes which, if enacted, may adversely affect the ability of the Company to establish and maintain taxable subsidiaries. Under the Clinton proposal, and subject to certain exceptions, the Code would be amended to prohibit a REIT from owning more than 10 percent of the stock of a taxable corporation, measured either by vote or by value, rather than more than 10 percent of the voting stock of a taxable corporation as under current law. The Clinton proposal would also restrict the deductibility of certain expenses incurred by a taxable subsidiary. If this proposal is adopted, it may be more difficult for the Company to establish taxable subsidiaries through which to engage in non-qualifying activities, such as the holding of property primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business or certain hedging activities. It is impossible to predict at this time whether the Clinton proposal, or some other proposal which would similarly affect the Company's ability to utilize taxable subsidiaries, will ultimately be adopted. ERISA CONSIDERATIONS In considering an investment in the Common Stock, a fiduciary of a profit-sharing, pension stock bonus plan or individual retirement account ("IRA"), including a plan for self-employed individuals and their employees or any other employee benefit plan subject to prohibited transaction provisions of the Code or the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA (an "ERISA Plan") should consider (a) whether the ownership of Common Stock is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing such ERISA Plan, (b) whether the ownership of Common Stock is consistent with the fiduciary's responsibilities and satisfies the requirements of Part 4 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA (where applicable) and, in particular, the diversification, prudence and liquidity requirements of Section 404 of ERISA, (c) ERISA's prohibitions in improper delegation of control over, or responsibility for, "plan assets" and ERISA's imposition of co-fiduciary liability on a fiduciary who participates in, permits (by action or inaction) the occurrence of, or fails to remedy a known breach of duty by another fiduciary and (d) the need to value the assets of the ERISA Plan annually. In regard to the "plan assets" issue noted in clause (c) above, O'Melveny & Myers LLP, the Company's counsel, at the time of the Company's public offering was of the opinion that the Common Stock should qualify as a "publicly offered security," and, therefore, the acquisition of such Common Stock by ERISA Plans should not cause the Company's assets to be treated as assets of such investing ERISA Plans for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or the prohibited transaction provisions of the Code. Fiduciaries of ERISA Plans and IRAs should consult with and rely upon their own advisors in evaluating the consequences under the fiduciary provisions of ERISA and the Code of an investment in Common Stock in light of their own circumstances. COMPETITION The Company believes that the principal competition in the business of acquiring and holding Mortgage Related Assets are financial institutions such as banks, savings and loans, life insurance companies, institutional investors such as mutual funds and pension funds, and certain other mortgage REITs. The Company anticipates that it will be able to compete effectively and generate competitive rates of return for stockholders due to the Manager's experience in managing mortgage capital, access to and experience in secondary mortgage markets, relative freedom to securitize its Mortgage Related Assets, relatively low level of operating costs, ability to utilize prudent amounts of leverage through accessing the wholesale market for collateralized borrowings, freedom from certain forms of regulation and the tax advantages of its REIT status. 17 EMPLOYEES As of December 31, 1998, the Company had no employees. The Manager manages the day to day operations of the Company, subject to the direction and oversight of the Company's Board of Directors and under the terms of a Management Agreement discussed below. THE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT The Company has entered into a Management Agreement with the Manager for an initial two-year term expiring on December 31, 1999. The Manager is primarily involved in two activities: (i) asset/liability management--acquisition, financing, hedging, management and disposition of Mortgage Related Assets, including credit and prepayment risk management; and (ii) capital management--oversight of the Company's structuring, analysis, capital raising and investor relations activities. In conducting these activities, the Manager formulates operating strategies for the Company, arranges for the acquisition of Mortgage Related Assets by the Company, arranges for various types of financing for the Company, monitors the performance of the Company's Mortgage Related Assets and provides certain administrative and managerial services in connection with the operation of the Company. The Manager is required to manage the business affairs of the Company in conformity with the policies that are approved and monitored by the Company's Board of Directors. The Manager is required to prepare regular reports for the Company's Board of Directors that will review the Company's acquisitions of Mortgage Related Assets, portfolio composition and characteristics, credit quality, performance and compliance with the policies approved by the Company's Board of Directors. At all times, the Manager is subject to the direction and oversight of the Company's Board of Directors and will have only such functions and authority as the Company may delegate to it. The Manager is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Company. Following the initial two-year term, the Management Agreement may be renewed for additional one-year terms at the discretion of the Unaffiliated Directors, unless previously terminated by the Company or the Manager upon written notice. Except in the case of a termination or non-renewal by the Company for cause, upon termination or non-renewal of the Management Agreement by the Company, the Company is obligated to pay the Manager a termination or non-renewal fee, which may be significant. The termination or non-renewal fee shall be equal to the fair market value of the Management Agreement without regard to the Company's termination right, as determined by an independent appraisal. The selection of the independent appraiser shall be subject to the approval of the Unaffiliated Directors. Neither the fair market value of the Management Agreement nor the various factors which the appraiser may find relevant in its determination of the fair market value can be determined at this time. The fair market value of the Management Agreement will be affected by significant variables, including (i) the historical management fees paid to the Manager, (ii) any projections of future management fees to be paid to the Manager determined by the independent appraiser, (iii) the relative valuations of agreements similar to the Management Agreement and (iv) other factors, all of which may be unrelated to the performance of the Manager. The Management Agreement may be assigned by the Manager to an Affiliate of TCW without the consent of the Company. The Management Agreement may be assigned to a non-Affiliate of TCW only with the approval of a majority of the Unaffiliated Directors. MANAGER COMPENSATION The Manager will receive annual base management compensation based on the Average Net Invested Capital of the Company, payable monthly in arrears, equal to 3/4 of 1% of Average Net Invested Capital. The term "Average Net Invested Capital" means for any period (i) the arithmetic average of the sum of the gross proceeds of the offerings of its equity securities by the Company, after deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to such offerings, plus the Company's retained earnings (taking into account any losses incurred) and any non-cash charges or reserves, including depreciation, mark-to-market adjustments and unrealized credit loss, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period, plus (ii) any unsecured debt approved by the Unaffiliated Directors to be included in Average Net Invested Capital, minus (iii) the cumulative amounts paid by the Company to repurchase its shares. Accordingly, incurring collateralized debt to finance specific investment purchases does not ordinarily increase Average Net Invested Capital. 18 The Manager shall also be entitled to receive as incentive compensation for each fiscal quarter, an amount equal to 30% of the Net Income of the Company, before incentive compensation, in excess of the amount that would produce an annualized Return on Equity equal to the Ten-Year U.S. Treasury Rate plus 1%. The incentive compensation calculation and payment will be made quarterly in arrears. The term "Return on Equity" is calculated for any quarter by dividing the Company's Net Income for the quarter by its Average Net Worth for the quarter. For purposes of calculating the incentive compensation payable, the definition "Return on Equity" is not related to the actual distributions received by stockholders or to an individual investor's actual return on investment. For such calculations, the "Net Income" of the Company means the taxable income of the Company (including net capital gains, if any) before the Manager's incentive compensation, net operating loss deductions arising from losses in prior periods and deductions permitted by the Code in calculating taxable income for a REIT plus the effects of adjustments, if any, necessary to record hedging and interest transactions in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A deduction for all of the Company's interest expenses for borrowed funds is taken into account in calculating Net Income. "Average Net Worth" for any period means the arithmetic average of the sum of the gross proceeds from any offering of its equity securities by the Company, before deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to the offerings, plus the Company's retained earnings (without taking into account any losses incurred in prior periods) computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period, minus the cumulative amounts paid by the Company to repurchase its shares. The ability of the Company to achieve an annualized Return on Equity in excess of the Ten-Year U.S. Treasury Rate plus 1%, and of the Manager to earn the incentive compensation described in the preceding paragraph, is dependent upon the level and volatility of interest rates, the Company's ability to react to changes in interest rates and to utilize successfully the operating strategies described herein, and other factors, many of which are not within the Company's or the Manager's control. The Manager's base compensation shall be calculated by the Manager within 15 days after the end of each month, and such calculation shall be promptly delivered to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the base compensation within 30 days after the end of each month. The Manager shall compute the quarterly incentive compensation within 45 days after the end of each fiscal quarter, and the Company shall pay the incentive compensation with respect to each fiscal quarter within 15 days following the delivery to the Company of the Manager's written statement setting forth the computation of the incentive compensation for such quarter. The Company's Board of Directors shall review and approve the calculation of base and incentive compensations paid to the Manager quarterly, one quarter in arrears, during each scheduled quarterly Board of Directors meeting. Quarterly incentive compensation will be subject to an annual adjustment commencing in the second full year of the Company's operation. The Company believes that this compensation arrangement benefits its stockholders because it ties the Manager's compensation to Return on Equity and, in periods of low earnings, the Manager's incentive compensation is reduced or eliminated, thereby lowering the Company's operating expenses. EXPENSES Subject to the limitations set forth below, the Company will generally pay all its operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by the Manager under the Management Agreement. The operating expenses required to be borne by the Manager include the compensation of the Company's officers and the cost of office space, equipment and other personnel required for the Company's day-to-day operations. The expenses that are paid by the Company will include (but not necessarily be limited to) the cost of money borrowed by the Company (including interest), taxes and license fees, issuance and transaction costs incident to the acquisition, disposition and financing of investments, costs related to hedging transactions, legal, investigatory, accounting and auditing fees and expenses, consultants' advisory services with respect to REIT and other compliance matters, the compensation and expenses of the Company's Unaffiliated Directors, the costs of making distributions and printing and mailing proxies and reports to stockholders, costs incurred by employees of the Manager for travel on behalf of the Company, costs incident to the issuance of mortgage securities, costs incident to the accumulation and servicing of Mortgage Loans, costs associated with any computer software or hardware that is used solely for the Company, costs to obtain liability insurance to indemnify the Manager, the Company's directors and officers, and the Company's underwriters, the compensations and expenses of the Company's custodian, transfer agent and registrar, and any extraordinary or non-recurring costs or charges incurred by the Company, if any. Certain Company operating expenses shall be limited to an amount per year equal to the greater of 2% of the Average Net Invested Capital of the Company or 25% of its Net Income for that year. The operating expenses that are subject to this limitation are: (i) all insurance costs incurred by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, including any costs to obtain liability or other insurance to indemnify the Manager and underwriters of any securities of the Company; (ii) expenses connected with payments of dividends or interest or distributions in any other form made or caused to be made by the Board of Directors to holders of the securities of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company; 19 (iii) all expenses of third parties pertaining to communications to holders of equity securities or debt securities of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company and the other bookkeeping and clerical work necessary to maintain relations with holders of such securities and in complying with the continuous reporting and other requirements of governmental bodies or agencies (these expenses include any costs of computer services utilized in connection with these communications and reporting requirements, the cost of printing and mailing certificates for such securities and proxy solicitation materials and reports to holders of the Company's or any subsidiary's securities and reports to third parties required under any indenture to which the Company or any subsidiary of the Company is a party); (iv) custodian's, transfer agent's and registrar's fees and charges; (v) compensation, fees and expenses paid to Unaffiliated Directors of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, the cost of director and officer liability insurance and premiums for fidelity and errors and omissions insurance; (vi) legal, accounting and auditing fees and expenses relating to the Company's or any subsidiary's operations (excluding litigation-related fees and expenses); (vii) expenses relating to any office or office facilities maintained by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, exclusive of the office of the Manager; (viii) travel and related expenses of directors, officers and employees of the Manager and of directors, officers and employees of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company who are also directors, officers or employees of the Manager, incurred in connection with attending meetings of the Board of Directors or holders of securities of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company or performing other business activities that relate to the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, including expenses allocable to such meetings or business activities; (ix) costs associated with computer hardware and software, third party information services and office expenses that relate solely to the business activities of the Company; and (x) all other expenses regarded as ordinary operating expenses in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, exclusive of certain specifically excluded expenses as described below. Expenses excluded from the expense limitation and wholly payable by the Company are (but are not limited to) those incurred in connection with the accumulation and servicing of Mortgage Loans, the issuance and administration of mortgage securities from pools of Mortgage Loans, the raising of capital, the acquisition of Mortgage Related Assets, interest and hedging expenses, taxes and license fees, non-cash costs, litigation, investigations in connection with litigation or threatened litigation, base and incentive management compensation and extraordinary and non-recurring expenses. The determination of Net Income for purposes of calculating the expense limitation will be the same as for calculating the Manager's incentive compensation except that it will include any incentive compensation payable for such period. Expenses in excess of the expense limitation will be paid and shall not be recoverable (by reclassification as compensation or otherwise) by the Manager, unless the Unaffiliated Directors determine that, based upon unusual or non-recurring factors, a higher level of expenses is justified for such fiscal year. In that event, such expenses may be recovered by the Manager in succeeding years to the extent that expenses in succeeding quarters are below the limitation of expenses. Expense reimbursement will be made monthly, subject to adjustment at the end of each year. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST In addition to its base management compensation under the Management Agreement, the Manager has the opportunity to earn incentive compensation for each fiscal quarter in an amount equal to 30% of the Net Income of the Company (before payment of such incentive compensation) in excess of the amount that would produce on annualized Return on Equity equal to the Ten-Year U.S. Treasury Rate plus 1%. Quarterly incentive compensation will be subject to an annual adjustment commencing in the second full year of the Company's operation. In evaluating Mortgage Related Assets for investment and in other operating strategies, an undue emphasis on the maximization of income at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital, in order to achieve a higher incentive fee could result in increased risk to the value of the Company's Mortgage Related Asset portfolio. 20 The Company, on the one hand, and the Manager and its Affiliates, on the other, do not presently expect to, but may in the future, enter into a number of relationships other than those governed by the Management Agreement, some of which may give rise to conflicts of interest between the Manager and its Affiliates and the Company. The market in which the Company will seek to purchase Mortgage Related Assets is characterized by rapid evolution of products and services and, thus, there may in the future be relationships between the Company and the Manager and its Affiliates in addition to those described herein. Any such relationships or transactions will require the approval of the Company's Board of Directors, including a majority of the Unaffiliated Directors. The Manager and its Affiliates may act as investment adviser or manager for other entities, which may or may not include services similar to those it renders to the Company. Pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement, the Manager and its Affiliates will agree on the allocation of mortgage securities between the Company and other accounts over which the Manager and its Affiliates have control. The Manager will base allocation decisions on the procedures the Manager considers fair and equitable, including, without limitation, such considerations as investment objectives, restrictions and time horizon, availability of cash and the amount of existing holdings. LIMITS OF RESPONSIBILITY Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Manager does not assume any responsibility other than to undertake the services called for thereunder and is not responsible for any action of the Company's Board of Directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. The Manager, its directors and its officers will not be liable to the Company, any issuer of mortgage securities, any subsidiary of the Company, the Unaffiliated Directors, the Company's stockholders or any subsidiary's stockholders for acts performed in accordance with and pursuant to the Management Agreement, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of their duties under the Management Agreement. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Manager, its directors and its officers with respect to all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from any acts or omissions of the Manager made in good faith in the performance of its duties under the Management Agreement. The Management Agreement does not limit or restrict the right of the Manager or any of its officers, directors, employees or Affiliates from engaging in any business or rendering services of any kind to any other person, including the purchase of, or rendering advice to others purchasing Mortgage Related Assets that meet the Company's policies and criteria. The Manager may also advise or manage other mortgage related entities subject to certain limitations, including REITs, that invest in residential and commercial mortgages and other residential and non-residential mortgage securities. The ability of the Manager and its officers and employees to engage in other business activities could reduce the time and effort spent on the Company. The Management Agreement does not specify a minimum amount of time or attention that the Manager or its officers or employees must devote to the Company's business. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company does not own or lease any real property. The Company's principal executive offices are located at 865 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, California 90017, telephone (213) 244-0440. Such offices are provided by the Manager in accordance with the Management Agreement. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS There are no legal proceedings pending against the Company. The litigation regarding the Company's use of the name "Apex Mortgage Capital" reported in last year's Form 10-K was settled. 21 ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company was held on July 7, 1998. At the meeting, the ratification of the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as auditors of the Company was submitted to a shareholder vote and approval by a majority of the Company's outstanding voting securities (votes for: 6,342,792; votes against: 15,365; abstentions: 21,150). 6,453,000 shares of the Company were outstanding on the record date and 6,379,307 shares of the Company entitled to vote were present in person or by proxy at the meeting. No matters were submitted to shareholders in the fourth quarter of 1998. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS EQUITY MARKET ACTIVITY The Company's Common Stock began trading on December 4, 1997 and is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol AXM. As of March 19, 1999, the Company had 5,753,000 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding which were held of record by 39 shareholders. The following table sets forth the high, low and closing sales prices per share of Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape and the cash dividend declared per share of Common Stock.
Cash Stock Price Dividends -------------------------- Declared 1998 High Low Close Per Share - ---- ---- --- ----- --------- Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 1998 $11.13 $ 7.25 $ 9.63 $0.30 Third Quarter ended September 30, 1998 $12.06 $ 9.06 $ 9.56 $0.27 Second Quarter ended June 30, 1998 $12.75 $10.44 $10.50 $0.25 First Quarter ended March 31, 1998 $14.06 $11.50 $12.38 $0.25 1997 - ---- Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 1997 $15.00 $14.00 $14.00 $0.04
On March 18, 1999, the Company's Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of $0.38 per share. The dividend is payable on April 9, 1999, to shareholders of record on March 31, 1999. The Company intends to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to its stockholders of all or substantially all of its taxable income each year (subject to certain adjustments) so as to qualify for the tax benefits accorded to a REIT under the Code. All distributions will be made by the Company at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on the taxable earnings of the Company, financial condition of the Company, maintenance of REIT status and such other factors as the Board of Directors may deem relevant from time to time. SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM On January 13, 1998, the Company's board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. On September 16, 1998, the Company's board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to an additional 750,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock having completed the original repurchase program of 750,000 shares. 22 The Company repurchased 947,100 shares during the year ended December 31, 1998. The average price per share repurchased during the year ended December 31, 1998 was $11.16. The repurchased shares are held in treasury at cost in the financial statements herein. An additional 552,900 shares are currently authorized for potential repurchase in the future. The Company may continue to repurchase shares in the future when market conditions warrant. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected financial data are derived from audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 1998 and the period from commencement of operations on December 9, 1997 to December 31, 1997. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the more detailed information contained in the financial statements and notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this report.
PERIOD FROM YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 9, 1997 TO DECEMBER 31, 1998 DECEMBER 31, 1997 ------------------------------------------- STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: Days in period 365 22 Interest income $41,785,000 $428,000 Interest expense $36,007,000 $111,000 Net interest income $5,778,000 $317,000 General and administrative expenses $2,104,000 $167,000 Net income $5,547,000 $150,000 Average number of shares outstanding 6,190,000 6,700,100 Basic and diluted net income per share $0.90 $0.02 Dividends declared per share $1.07 $0.04
AT DECEMBER 31, 1998 AT DECEMBER 31, 1997 ---------------------------------------------- BALANCE SHEET DATA: Mortgage-backed securities $825,995,000 $265,880,000 Other Investments $20,139,000 0 Total assets $865,478,000 $271,307,000 Reverse repurchase agreements $767,908,000 $87,818,000 Total liabilities $777,448,000 $178,310,000 Stockholders' equity $88,030,000 $92,997,000 Book value per share $15.30 $13.88 Fair Value of Off Balance Sheet Hedging Instruments $(9,994,000) 0 Book value per share net of Hedging Instruments $13.56 $13.88
23 ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS GENERAL Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. commenced operations on December 9, 1997, after its initial public offering of Common Stock. The Company received net proceeds of $92,918,000, after all underwriting discounts and offering costs. The Company uses its equity capital and borrowed funds to seek to generate income based on the difference between the yield on its Mortgage Assets and the cost of its borrowings. The Company will elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. The Company will not generally be subject to federal taxes on its income to the extent that it distributes its net income to its stockholders and maintains its qualification as a REIT. FINANCIAL CONDITION MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES At December 31, 1998, the Company held $825,995,000 of Mortgage-Backed Securities as compared to $265,880,000 at December 31, 1997. The original maturity of a significant portion of the Mortgage-Backed Securities ranges from fifteen to thirty years; the actual maturity is subject to change based on the prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans. The following table is a schedule of Mortgage-Backed Securities held listed by security type (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 ------------------------------------------------------ Carrying Percent of Carrying Percent of Mortgage-Backed Securities Value Portfolio Value Portfolio ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Adjustable Rate(1) $ 62,338 7.5% $240,819 90.6% Fixed Rate 763,657 92.5% 25,061 9.4% -------- ------ -------- ------ Totals $825,995 100.0% $265,880 100.0% -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------
(1) At December 31, 1998, the interest rate indices for 95% and 5% of the adjustable rate mortgage securities were based on the one-year U.S. Treasury rate and the six-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate, respectively. At December 31, 1997, the interest rate index for all adjustable rate mortgage securities was based on the one-year U.S. Treasury rate. 24 The following table shows various weighted average characteristics of the Mortgage-Backed Securities held by the Company at December 31, 1998 (dollars in thousands):
Percent of Weighted Total Par Amortized Market Current Average Security Type Par Amount Amount Cost Basis Price Coupon Life(1) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Year Agency/AAA Pass-throughs $253,581 30.9% 100.42% 101.23% 6.50% 3.7 20 Year Agency Pass-throughs 209,566 25.6% 100.45% 101.06% 6.50% 6.1 30 Year Agency Pass-throughs 8,076 1.0% 102.19% 101.99% 7.50% 3.2 AAA CMOs 286,887 35.0% 99.52% 100.01% 6.82% 2.7 -------- ------ ------- ------- ----- --- Total Fixed Rate Holdings $758,110 92.5% 100.11% 100.74% 6.63% 3.9 Adjustable Rate Holdings 61,590 7.5% 101.25% 101.21% 6.79% 1.0 -------- ------ ------- ------- ----- --- Total Portfolio $819,700 100.0% 100.20% 100.77% 6.64% 3.7 -------- ------ ------- ------- ----- --- -------- ------ ------- ------- ----- ---
The following table shows various weighted average characteristics of the Mortgage-Backed Securities held by the Company at December 31, 1997 (dollars in thousands):
Percent of Weighted Total Par Amortized Market Current Average Security Type Par Amount Amount Cost Basis Price Coupon Life(1) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fixed Rate Agency CMO $24,826 9.5% 100.78% 100.95% 7.50% 0.9 Adjustable Rate Holdings 237,929 90.5% 101.12% 101.21% 6.90% 0.6 Total Portfolio $262,755 100.0% 101.11% 101.19% 6.66% 0.6
(1) The weighted average life of the fixed rate mortgage securities is based upon market prepayment expectations as of the dates shown. The actual weighted average life could be longer or shorter depending on the actual prepayment rates experienced over the life of the securities. The weighted average life shown for the adjustable rate mortgage assets represents the average time until the next coupon reset date. All averages are shown in years. OTHER INVESTMENTS At December 31, 1998, the Company held $20,139,000 of other investments. There were no such other investments held at December 31, 1997. The Company's other investments consist primarily of equity securities issued by other real estate investment trusts and securities generally collateralized by mortgage assets. The Company's investments in other real estate investment trusts of $16,422,000 at December 31, 1998 consist of publicly traded preferred and common stock securities issued by companies involved in the mortgage finance industry. The Company generally expects to receive dividend income on the majority of these investments which is included in other income in the statement of operations. The Company's other investments also include securities of $3,717,000 at December 31, 1998 that are issued by special purpose companies that invest primarily in mortgage assets. Such securities are generally issued on a private placement basis and accordingly have a limited secondary market. The Company generally expects to receive quarterly 25 cash flows from these investments. Interest from income securities is accrued and included in other income in the statement of operations using the effective interest method applied prospectively based on current market assumptions. HEDGING INSTRUMENTS The Company utilizes interest rate caps, swaps and similar financial instruments to mitigate the risk of the cost of its variable-rate liabilities exceeding the earnings on its mortgage assets during a period of rising interest rates. The Company is currently utilizing both interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements. Interest rate cap agreements consisted of LIBOR based agreements as follows:
At December 31, 1998 At December 31, 1997 ----------------------------------------------- Notional Amount $900,000,000 $500,000,000 Average Contract Rate 10.4% 10.0% Average Final Maturity January 24, 2002 December 24, 2001
Under these agreements, the Company will receive cash payments to the extent of the excess of three-month LIBOR over the agreements' contract rate times the notional amount. The interest rate cap agreements no longer qualify for hedge accounting now that the Company has entered into additional hedging transactions as discussed below. Accordingly, the Company now records the cap agreements at fair market value, which is zero in the current market environment. During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements with current notional amounts as stated below. Under these agreements, the Company receives a floating rate and pays a fixed rate.
Current Notional Amount Termination Unrealized (000) Type Fixed Rate Floating Rate Date Gains (Losses) - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 95,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.880% 1Mo LIBOR 5/29/00 $ (1,058) 30,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.905% 1Mo LIBOR 6/30/00 (378) 28,204 Interest Rate Swap 5.765% 1Mo LIBOR 7/25/00 (282) 61,599 Interest Rate Swap 5.775% 1Mo LIBOR 8/25/00 (653) 47,170 Interest Rate Swap 5.710% 1Mo LIBOR 8/28/00 (456) 60,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.900% 1Mo LIBOR 5/18/01 (1,086) 97,118 Interest Rate Swap 5.883% 1Mo LIBOR 6/25/01 (1,564) 117,755 Interest Rate Swap 5.905% 1Mo LIBOR 5/25/01 (1,720) 53,394 Interest Rate Swap 5.750% 1Mo LIBOR 7/14/01 (709) 65,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.791% 1Mo LIBOR 6/25/01 (1,045) 48,350 Interest Rate Swap 5.960% 1Mo LIBOR 5/15/02 (1,043) - -------- -------- $703,590 $(9,994) - -------- -------- - -------- --------
The weighted average coupon the Company pays on the interest rate swap agreements at December 31, 1998 was 5.85%. The weighted average life of the agreements at December 31, 1998 was 1.9 years. The Company is generally required to deposit collateral with the swap agreement counter-parties in an amount at least equal to the amount of any unrealized losses. At December 31, 1998 the Company had securities with a fair market value of $17,327,000 on deposit with its counter-parties. If the unrealized losses on the interest rate swap agreements were to increase, the Company would be required to deposit additional collateral. There can be no assurance that the Company will enter into hedging activities or that, if entered into, such activities will have the desired beneficial impact on the Company's results of operations or financial condition. Moreover, no hedging activity can completely insulate the Company from the risks associated with changes in interest rates and prepayment rates. 26 Hedging involves risk and typically involves costs, including transaction costs. Such costs increase dramatically as the period covered by the hedging increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. The Company may increase its hedging activity and, thus, increase its hedging costs during such periods when interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have increased. The Company intends generally to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as the Manager determines is in the best interest of the shareholders of the Company given the cost of such hedging transactions and the Company's desire to maintain its status as a REIT. The Company's policies do not contain specific requirements as to the percentages or amount of interest rate risk which the Manager is required to hedge. LIABILITIES The Company has entered into reverse repurchase agreements to finance certain of its mortgage-backed securities. These agreements are secured by a portion of the Company's mortgage-backed securities and bear interest rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. At December 31, 1998, the Company had outstanding $767,908,000 of reverse repurchase agreements with a weighted average current borrowing rate of 5.34% and a maturity of 2.9 months. The reverse repurchase agreements were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities with an estimated fair value of $800,260,000. At December 31, 1997, the Company had outstanding $87,818,000 of reverse repurchase agreements with a weighted average current borrowing rate of 5.82% and a maturity of 2.8 months. The reverse repurchase agreements were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities with an estimated fair value of $90,043,000. The Company had $9,540,000 and $90,492,000 of other liabilities at December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997, respectively, consisting primarily of accrued interest payable and payables for unsettled securities at December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997, respectively. The Company anticipates settling all other liabilities within one year by entering into additional reverse repurchase agreements. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - 1998 COMPARED TO 1997 The results of operations for the year ended December 31, 1998 represent a full year of income from operations, net gains on the sale of investments and include a large impact from leverage. In contrast, the results of operations for the twenty-two day period ended December 31, 1997 largely consisted of income from short-term investments and mortgage-backed securities with little or no leverage applied. Because of this disparity in operating periods, a direct comparative analysis of the year ended December 31, 1998 to the twenty-two day period ended December 31, 1997 would generally not be relevant to investors. Therefore, the results from operations for the two periods are discussed separately in this report. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 For the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company's net income was $5,547,000, or $0.90 per share on both a basic and diluted basis, based on a weighted average of 6,190,000 shares outstanding. Net interest income for the period was $5,778,000 consisting of interest income on mortgage assets and cash balances less interest expense on reverse repurchase agreements. The Company reported other income of $826,000 from dividend and interest income on other investments. The Company reported gains on investment transactions, net of $1,047,000 primarily from the sale of mortgage-backed securities and other investments. The Company incurred operating expenses of $2,104,000 for the period consisting of management fees, audit, tax, legal, printing, insurance and other expenses. The following table reflects the average balances for each category of the Company's interest earning assets as well as the Company's interest bearing liabilities, with the corresponding effective rate of interest annualized for the twelve months ended December 31, 1998 (dollars in thousands): 27 AVERAGE BALANCE AND RATE TABLE (Dollars in thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31, 1998 ----------------------------- Average Effective Balance Rate -------- --------- Interest Earning Assets: Mortgage Assets $670,559 6.13% Cash and Cash Equivalents 13,923 5.10% -------- ----- Total Interest Earning Assets 684,482 6.10% -------- ----- Interest Bearing Liabilities: Reverse Repurchase Agreements 624,865 5.76% -------- ----- Net Interest Earning Assets and Spread $ 59,617 0.34% -------- ----- -------- -----
The effective yield data is computed by dividing the annualized net interest income or expense into the average daily balance shown. The following table reflects the average balances for each category of the Company's other investments for the year ended December 31, 1998 (dollars in thousands): AVERAGE BALANCE AND RATE TABLE (Dollars in thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31, 1998 ----------------------------- Average Effective Balance Rate -------- --------- Other Investments: Equity Securities $3,718 17.10% Other Securities 1,324 14.37% ------ ------ Total Other Investments 5,042 16.38% ------ ------ ------ ------
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 For fiscal period from commencement of operations on December 9, 1997 through December 31, 1997, the Company's net income was $150,000, or $0.02 per share based on 6,700,100 shares outstanding. Net interest income for the period was $317,000 consisting of interest income on Mortgage Assets and cash balances less interest expense on reverse repurchase agreements. The Company incurred operating expenses of $167,000 for the period consisting of management fees, audit, tax, legal, printing, insurance and other expenses. The following table reflects the average balances for each category of the Company's interest earning assets as well as the Company's interest bearing liabilities, with the corresponding effective rate of interest annualized for the partial period ended December 31, 1997 (dollars in thousands): 28 AVERAGE BALANCE AND RATE TABLE (Dollars in thousands)
Twenty-two Days Ended December 31, 1997 ----------------------------- Average Effective Balance Rate -------- --------- Interest Earning Assets: Mortgage Assets $ 60,828 6.10% Cash and Cash Equivalents 56,539 5.40% -------- ----- Total Interest Earning Assets 117,367 5.97% -------- ----- Interest Bearing Liabilities: Reverse Repurchase Agreements 29,895 5.75% -------- ----- Net Interest Earning Assets and Spread $ 87,472 0.22% -------- ----- -------- -----
The effective yield data is computed by dividing the annualized net interest income or expense into the average daily balance shown. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The Company's primary sources of funds as of December 31, 1998 consisted of reverse repurchase agreements totaling $767,908,000. The Company expects to continue to borrow funds in the form of reverse repurchase agreements. At December 31, 1998, the Company had borrowing arrangements with twenty-three different investment banking firms. Increases in short-term interest rates could negatively impact the valuation of the Company's mortgage assets which could limit the Company's borrowing ability or cause its lenders to initiate margin calls. The Company will also rely on the cash flow from operations, primarily monthly principal and interest payments to be received on the mortgage assets, for liquidity. The Company believes that equity capital, combined with the cash flow from operations and the utilization of borrowings, will be sufficient to enable the Company to meet anticipated liquidity requirements. If the Company's cash resources are at any time insufficient to satisfy the Company's liquidity requirements, the Company may be required to liquidate mortgage assets or sell debt or additional equity securities. If required, the sale of mortgage assets at prices lower than the carrying value of such assets would result in losses. The Company may in the future increase its capital resources by making additional offerings of equity and debt securities, including classes of preferred stock, common stock, commercial paper, medium-term notes, CMOs and senior or subordinated notes. All debt securities, other borrowings, and classes of preferred stock will be senior to the Common Stock in a liquidation of the Company. The effect of additional equity offerings may be the dilution of stockholders' equity of the Company or the reduction of the price of shares of the Common Stock, or both. The Company is unable to estimate the amount, timing or nature of additional offerings as they will depend upon market conditions and other factors. INFLATION Virtually all of the Company's assets and liabilities are financial in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors drive the Company's performance far more than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and the Company's dividends are determined by the Company's net income as calculated for tax purposes; in each case, the Company's activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and or fair market value without considering inflation. 29 YEAR 2000 MATTERS The year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs using two digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any computer system that the Company relies on with time sensitive software may recognize a date entered as "00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system failure or miscalculations causing disruption of operations, including, among other things, a temporary inability to process transactions or engage in normal business activities. The Company believes that most of its exposure to Year 2000 issues involves the readiness of external third parties such as, but not limited to, loan servicers, security master servicers, security paying agents and trustees, its stock transfer agent, its securities custodian, the counterparties on its various financing agreements and hedging contracts and vendors ("External Service Providers"). The Company relies on the Manager for its computer services and the Manager has been addressing this issue at no cost to the Company. Specifically, the Manager's internally developed computer systems have been implemented within the past five years. These systems have been developed with software tools that utilize a century date format (ccyymmdd). Although it has been a standard procedure to use this format for all date fields, the Manager is nonetheless in the process of unit testing its internally developed applications for numerous date conditions, including: the first and last day of the year 2000, the leap year day and the day after, the first day of the year 2001, functions with date ranges from 1999 which cross over into year 2000, functions which have both "from date" and "to date" in the year 2000, date arithmetic and validation using standard routines through the year 2199. The Manager has been, and is currently in contact with, each of its External Service Providers to evaluate their readiness for the year 2000. The Manager has requested each of its External Service Providers to either (i) prepare a description of its process for identifying date sensitive areas, its approach for implementing changes, its testing methodology, along with its timetable for completion, or (ii) certify as to its year 2000 compliance. Due to the technical architecture of the Manager's internally developed applications, its emphasis on using major providers and its ongoing communication with those providers, the Manager anticipates it will be well positioned to begin the year 2000. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company's External Service Providers will resolve their own Year 2000 issues in a timely manner, or that any failure by these External Service Providers to resolve such issues would not have an adverse effect on the Company's operations and financial condition. Each External Service Provider is in turn subject to the Year 2000 issues of various third parties with which it does business, making the Company's exposure to the noncompliance of any External Service Provider difficult to assess. In a worst case scenario, a significant portion of the Company's External Service Providers and contractual counter-parties could fail to fulfill their respective obligations which would significantly impair the Company's ability to meet its obligations under its financing and hedging agreements. This would in turn cause the Company to liquidate assets at potentially substantial losses and possibly render the Company insolvent. The Company believes it is devoting the necessary resources to address the Year 2000 issues over which it has control. With respect to the Year 2000 issues of External Service Providers, over which the Company has no control, the Company's contingency plan is to identify replacement vendors, where possible. 30 ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK MARKET RISK The Company's two primary components of market risk are interest rate risk and equity price risk as discussed below. INTEREST RATE RISK EFFECT ON NET INCOME. The Company invests in fixed-rate mortgage assets that are expected to be funded with short-term borrowings. During periods of rising interest rates, the borrowing costs associated with funding such fixed-rate assets are subject to increase while the income earned on such assets may remain substantially unchanged. This would result in a narrowing of the net interest spread between the related assets and borrowings and may even result in losses. The Company may enter into derivative transactions seeking to mitigate the negative impact of a rising interest rate environment. Hedging techniques will be based, in part, on assumed levels of prepayments of the Company's mortgage assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the mortgage assets will be longer or shorter which would reduce the effectiveness of the Company's hedging techniques and may result in losses on such transactions. Hedging techniques involving the use of derivative securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns. The hedging activity of the Company will also be limited by the asset and sources of income requirements applicable to the Company as a REIT. During the year, the Company increased its current allocation to fixed-rate mortgage assets from 9.4% of the portfolio at December 31, 1997 to 92.5% at December 31, 1998. The Company may increase this allocation as market conditions warrant. As mentioned above, there are certain risks associated with investing in fixed-rate mortgage assets in combination with hedging instruments. The two main risks the Company faces are that of extension risk and prepayment risk. EXTENSION RISK. Fixed-rate assets are generally acquired with a projected weighted average life based on certain assumptions regarding prepayments. In general, when a fixed-rate mortgage asset is acquired with borrowings, the Company will enter into an interest rate swap agreement or other hedging instrument that effectively fixes the Company's borrowing costs for a period close to the anticipated average life of the related asset. This strategy is designed to protect the Company from rising interest rates because the borrowing costs are fixed for the duration of the asset. However, if prepayment rates decrease in a rising interest rate environment, the life of the mortgage asset could extend beyond the term of the swap agreement or other hedging instrument. This situation could negatively impact the Company as borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the hedging instrument while the income earned on the asset would remain fixed. This situation may also cause the market value of the Company's mortgage assets to decline with little or no offsetting gain from the related hedging transactions. In certain situations, the Company may be forced to sell assets and incur losses to maintain adequate liquidity. PREPAYMENT RISK. Fixed-rate assets in combination with hedging instruments are also subject to prepayment risk. In falling interest rate scenarios, the fixed-rate mortgage assets may prepay faster such that the average life becomes shorter than its related hedging instrument. If this were to happen, the Company would potentially need to reinvest at rates lower than that of the related hedging instrument. This situation may result in the narrowing of interest rate spreads or may cause losses. The Company also invests in adjustable-rate mortgage assets that are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps that limit the amount an adjustable-rate mortgage asset's interest rate can change during any given period, as well as the minimum rate payable. The Company's borrowings will not be subject to similar restrictions. Hence, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rates on its borrowings could increase without limitation by caps, while the interest rates on its mortgage assets are generally limited by caps. This problem will be magnified to the extent the Company acquires mortgage assets that are not fully indexed. Further, some adjustable-rate mortgage assets may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of the interest being deferred and added to the principal outstanding. This could result in receipt by the Company of less cash income on its adjustable-rate mortgage assets than is required to pay interest on the related borrowings. These factors could lower the Company's net interest income or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest rates, which would negatively impact the Company's financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. 31 The Company intends to fund a substantial portion of its acquisitions of adjustable-rate mortgage assets with borrowings that have interest rates based on indices and repricing terms similar to, but of somewhat shorter maturities than, the interest rate indices and repricing terms of the mortgage assets. Thus, the Company anticipates that in most cases the interest rate indices and repricing terms of its mortgage assets and its funding sources will not be identical, thereby creating an interest rate mismatch between assets and liabilities. While the historical spread between relevant short-term interest rate indices has been relatively stable, there have been periods, especially during the 1979-1982 and 1994 interest rate environments, when the spread between such indices was volatile. During periods of changing interest rates, such interest rate mismatches could negatively impact the Company's financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Prepayment rates generally increase when prevailing interest rates fall below the interest rates on existing mortgage assets. In addition, prepayment rates generally increase when the difference between long-term and short-term interest rates declines. Prepayments of adjustable-rate mortgage assets could adversely affect the Company's results of operations in several ways. The Company anticipates that a substantial portion of its adjustable-rate mortgage assets may bear initial "teaser" interest rates that are lower than their "fully indexed" rates (the applicable index plus a margin). In the event that such an adjustable-rate mortgage asset is prepaid prior to or soon after the time of adjustment to a fully indexed rate, the Company will have held the mortgage asset while it was less profitable and lost the opportunity to receive interest at the fully indexed rate over the expected life of the adjustable-rate mortgage asset. In addition, the prepayment of any mortgage asset that had been purchased at a premium by the Company would result in the immediate write-off of any remaining capitalized premium amount and consequent reduction of the Company's net interest income by such amount. Finally, in the event that the Company is unable to acquire new mortgage assets to replace the prepaid mortgage assets, its financial condition, cash flow and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. EFFECT ON FAIR VALUE. Another component of interest rate risk is the effect changes in interest rates will have on the market value of the Company's assets. This is the risk that the market value of the Company's assets will increase or decrease at different rates than that of the Company's liabilities including its hedging instruments. The Company primarily assesses its interest rate risk by estimating the duration of its assets and the duration of its liabilities including all hedging instruments. Duration essentially measures the market price volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change. The Company generally calculates duration using various financial models and empirical data. The following sensitivity analysis table shows the estimated impact on the fair value of the Company's interest rate sensitive investments net of its hedging instruments and reverse repurchase agreement liabilities assuming rates instantaneously fall one hundred basis points and rise one hundred basis points. (Dollars are in thousands except per share amounts.) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fair Value for Scenario Shown -------------------------------- Interest Interest Rates Fall Rates Rise 100 Basis 100 Basis Points Unchanged Points - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest Rate Sensitive Instruments........... $47,143 $51,810 $44,787 Change in Fair Value.......................... $(4,667) -- $(7,023) Change as a Percent of Fair Value............. (0.56%) -- (0.85%) Change as a Percent of Stockholders' Equity... (5.30%) -- (7.98%) Change on a Per Share Basis................... $ (0.81) -- $ (1.22)
It is important to note that the impact of changing interest rates on fair value can change significantly when interest rates change beyond one hundred basis points from current levels. Therefore, the volatility in fair value for the Company could increase significantly when interest rates change beyond one hundred basis points. In addition, there are other factors that impact the fair value of the Company's interest rate sensitive investments and hedging instruments such as the shape of the yield curve, market expectations as to future interest rate changes and other market conditions. Accordingly, there may be differences between the fair value changes shown above and actual changes in fair value as interest rates change and those differences may be material. The contract terms of the Company's liabilities exclusive of hedging instruments are subject to change as interest rates change. In general, the Company utilizes short-term borrowings in the form of reverse repurchase agreements to finance certain of its mortgage-backed securities. These agreements are secured by a portion of the Company's mortgage-backed securities and bear interest rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. 32 EQUITY PRICE RISK Another component of market risk for the Company is equity price risk. This is the risk that the market value of the Company's equity investments will decrease. The following table shows the impact on the Company's fair value as the price of its equity securities change assuming price decreases of 10% and increases of 10%. Actual price decreases or increases may be greater or smaller. (Dollars are in thousands except per share amounts.)
Fair Value for Scenario Shown -------------------------------------- Prices Prices Decrease Unchanged Increase 10% 10% --------------------------------------- Equity Investments $14,780 $16,422 $18,064 Change in Fair Value (1,642) - 1,642 Change as a Percent of Fair Value (10%) - 10% Change as a Percent of Stockholders' Equity (1.9%) - 1.9% Change on a Per Share Basis $(0.29) - $ 0.29
Although there is no direct link between changes in fair value and changes in earnings in many cases, a decline in fair value for the Company may translate into decreased earnings over the remaining life of the investment portfolio. If the fair market value of the Company's portfolio were to decline significantly, the Company's overall liquidity may be impaired which could result in the Company being required to sell assets at losses. THE COMPANY'S ANALYSIS OF RISKS IS BASED ON MANAGEMENT'S EXPERIENCE, ESTIMATES, MODELS AND ASSUMPTIONS. THESE ANALYSES RELY ON MODELS OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION WHICH UTILIZE ESTIMATES OF FAIR VALUE AND INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY. ACTUAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OR IMPLEMENTATION OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS BY THE MANAGER MAY PRODUCE RESULTS THAT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS USED IN THE COMPANY'S MODELS AND THE PROJECTED RESULTS SHOWN IN THE ABOVE TABLES AND IN THIS REPORT. THESE ANALYSES CONTAIN CERTAIN "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" AND ARE SUBJECT TO THE SAFE HARBOR CONTAINED IN THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The financial statements of the Company and the related notes, together with the Independent Auditors' Report thereon, are set forth on pages F-3 through F-15 on this Form 10-K. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. 33 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days from December 31, 1998 pursuant to general instruction G(3). ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days from December 31, 1998 pursuant to general instruction G(3). ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days from December 31, 1998 pursuant to general instruction G(3). ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS The information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed within 120 days from December 31, 1998 pursuant to general instruction G(3). 34 PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) Documents filed as part of this report: 1. The following financial statements of the Company are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K: Independent Auditors' Report; Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997; Statements of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 1998 and the Period from December 9, 1997 (Commencement of Operations) to December 31, 1997 Statements of Stockholders' Equity Period from December 9, 1997 (Commencement of Operations) to December 31, 1997 and Year Ended December 31, 1998 Statements of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 1998 and the Period from December 9, 1997 (Commencement of Operations) to December 31, 1997 Notes to Financial Statements. 2. Schedules to financial statements: All financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are either inapplicable or the information required is provided in the Company's Financial Statements and Notes thereto, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 3. Exhibits: Exhibit Number Exhibit ------- ------- 10.1 Amendment to Management Agreement between the Registrant and TCW Investment Management Company. 10.6 Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan. 24.1.1 Powers of Attorney. 27 Financial Data Schedule. (b) Reports on Form 8-K. None. 35 GLOSSARY As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the capitalized and other terms listed below have the meanings indicated. "Affiliate" means, when used with reference to a specified person, any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control with the specified person. "Average Net Invested Capital" means for any period (i) the arithmetic average of the sum of the gross proceeds of the offerings of its equity securities by the Company, after deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to such offerings, plus (A) the Company's retained earnings (taking into account any losses incurred) and (B) any non-cash charges or reserves, including depreciation, mark-to-market adjustments and unrealized credit loss, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period, plus (ii) any unsecured debt approved by the Unaffiliated Directors to be included in Average Net Invested Capital, minus (iii) the cumulative amounts paid by the Company to repurchase its shares. "Average Net Worth" means for any period the arithmetic average of the sum of the gross proceeds from the offerings of its equity securities by the Company, before deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to the offerings, plus the Company's retained earnings (without taking into account any losses incurred in prior periods) computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period, minus the cumulative amounts paid by the Company to repurchase its shares. "Bankruptcy Code" means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended "CMOs" means debt obligations (bonds) that are collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage certificates other than Mortgage Derivative Securities and subordinated interests. CMOs are structured so that principal and interest payments received on the collateral are sufficient to make principal and interest payments on the bonds. Such bonds may be issued by United States government agencies or private issuers in one or more classes with fixed or variable interest rates, maturities and degrees of subordination that are characteristics designed for the investment objectives of different bond purchasers. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. "COFI" is the 11th District Cost of Funds Index, the index made available monthly by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board of the cost of funds to members of the Federal Home Loan Bank 11th District. "Committed Secured Borrowings" means (i) CMOs, (ii) structured commercial paper programs, (iii) secured term notes and (iv) other secured financing transactions that generally commit the lender to provide financing to the Company for a specified period of time or to provide financing to the Company to fund specific assets until they mature. "Common Stock" means the Company's shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share. "Company" means Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation. "Conforming Mortgage Loans" means conventional Mortgage Loans that either comply with requirements for inclusion in credit support programs sponsored by Fannie Mae, FHLMC, or GNMA or are FHA or VA Loans, all of which are secured by first mortgages or deeds of trust on single-family (one to four unit) residences. "Dollar-Roll Agreement" means an agreement to sell a security for delivery on a specified future date and a simultaneous agreement to repurchase the same or substantially similar security on a specified future date. "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. "ERISA Plan" means a pension, profit-sharing, retirement or other employee benefit plan that is subject to ERISA. "Fannie Mae" means the federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (12 U.S.C., Section 1716 et seq.), formerly known as the Federal National Mortgage Association. "FHA" means the United States Federal Housing Administration. 36 "FHA Loans" means Mortgage Loans insured by the FHA. "FHLMC" means the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. "FIRPTA" means the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended. "Foreign Holder" means a purchaser of the Common Stock that, for United States income tax purposes, is not a United States person. "GNMA" means the Government National Mortgage Association. "High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans" means individual loans secured by residential real property that are either underwritten to credit standards that generally comply with the credit standards approved by Fannie, Freddie Mac or GNMA or pools of loans that have other credit support features that generally reduce the associated credit risk to that of investment grade securities. "High Quality" means either (i) securities that are rated investment grade or above by at least one of the Rating Agencies, or (ii) securities that are unrated but are obligations of the United States or obligations guaranteed by the United States government or an agency or instrumentality thereof. "Interest Only Derivatives" means Mortgage Derivative Securities representing the right to receive interest only or a disproportionately large amount of interest. "Inverse Floaters" means a class of CMOs with a coupon rate that moves inversely to a designated index, such as LIBOR or COFI. Income floaters have coupon rates that typically change at a multiple of the changes at the relevant index rate. Any rise in the index rate (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate of an Inverse Floater while any drop in the index rate causes an increase in the coupon of an Inverse Floater. "Investment Company Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. "IRAs" means Individual Retirement Accounts. "IRS" means the Internal Revenue Service. "Keogh Plans" means H.R. 10 Plans. "LIBOR" means the London-Inter-Bank Offered Rate. "Management Agreement" means the agreement by and between the Company and the Manager whereby the Manager agrees to perform certain services to the Company in exchange for certain compensation. "Manager" means TCW Investment Management Company, a California corporation. "MBS Group" means the TCW Group's Mortgage-Backed Securities Group. "Mortgage-Backed Securities" means securities representing interests in, or secured by mortgages on residential real property that are not Mortgage Derivative Securities. "Mortgage Derivative Securities" means mortgage backed securities that are (i) Interest Only Derivatives, (ii) Principal Only Derivatives, (iii) inverse interest only derivatives, (iv) Inverse Floaters and (v) other mortgage related derivative instruments. "Mortgage Loans" means Conforming and Nonconforming Mortgage Loans, FHA Loans and VA Loans. "Mortgage Related Assets" means (i) Short-Term Investments, (ii) Mortgage-Backed Securities, (iii) High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans, (iv) Mortgage Derivative Securities and (v) Other Investments. "Net Income" means the taxable income of the Company before the Manager's incentive compensation, net operating loss deductions arising from losses in prior periods and deductions permitted by the Code in calculating taxable income for 37 a REIT, including a deduction for the Company's interest expenses for borrowed funds, plus the effects of adjustments, if any, necessary to record hedging and interest transactions in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. "Nonconforming Mortgage Loans" means conventional Mortgage Loans that do not conform to one or more requirements of Fannie Mae, FHA, FHLMC, GNMA or VA for participation in one or more of such agencies' mortgage loan credit support programs, such as the principal amounts financed or the underwriting guidelines used in making the loan. "Other Investments" means (i) equity and debt securities issued by other primarily mortgage related finance companies, (ii) interests in mortgage related collateralized bond obligations, (iii) other subordinated interests in pools of Mortgage Related Assets, (iv) commercial mortgage loans and securities, and (v) residential mortgage loans other than High Credit Quality Mortgage Loans. "Principal Only Derivatives" means Mortgage Derivative Securities representing the right to receive principal only or a disproportionate amount of principal. "Qualified REIT Real Estate Assets" means pass-through certificates, Mortgage Loans, agency certificates, and other assets of the type described in Section 856(c)(6)(B) of the Code. "Qualified Temporary Investment Income" means income attributable to stock or debt instruments acquired with new capital of the Company received during the one-year period beginning on the day such proceeds were received. "Rating Agencies" means any nationally recognized rating agency. "REIT" means a real estate investment trust as defined under Section 856 of the Code. "REIT Provisions of the Code" means Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. "Return on Equity" means an amount calculated for any quarter by dividing the Company's Net Income for the quarter by its Average Net Worth for the quarter. "Short-Term Investments" means short-term bank certificates of deposit, short-term United States Treasury securities, short-term United States government agency securities, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, short-term CMOs, short-term asset-backed securities, and other similar types of short-term investment instruments. "Tax-Exempt Entity" means a qualified pension, profit-sharing or other employee retirement benefit plans, Keogh plans, bank commingled trust funds for such plans, and IRAs, and other similar entities intended to be exempt from federal income taxation. "Taxable Income" means for any year the taxable income of the Company for such year (excluding any net income derived either from property held primarily for sale to customers or from foreclosure property) subject to certain adjustments provided in the REIT Provisions of the Code. "TCW" means The TCW Group, Inc. "TCW Group" means TCW and its subsidiaries and Affiliates. "Ten-Year U.S. Treasury Rate" means the arithmetic average of the weekly average yield to maturity for actively traded current coupon U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (adjusted to a constant maturity of ten years) published by the Federal Reserve Board during a quarter, or, if such rate is not published by the Federal Reserve Board, any Federal Reserve Bank or agency or department of the federal government selected by the Company. If the Company determines in good faith that the Ten-Year U.S. Treasury Rate cannot be calculated as provided above, then the rate shall be the arithmetic average of the per annum average yields to maturities, based upon closing asked prices on each business day during a quarter, for each actively traded marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate security with a final maturity date not less than eight nor more than twelve years from the date of the closing asked prices as chosen and quoted for each business day in each such quarter in New York City by at least three recognized dealers in U.S. government securities selected by the Company. 38 "UBTI" means "unrelated trade or business income" as defined in Section 512 of the Code. "Unaffiliated Directors" means those directors that are not affiliated, directly or indirectly, with the Manager or the TCW Group, whether by ownership of, ownership interest in, employment by, any material business or professional relationship with, or serving as an officer or director of the Manager or the TCW Group, and are not employed by or officers of the Company. "Uncommitted Secured Borrowings" means (i) reverse repurchase agreements, (ii) lines of credit, (iii) Dollar-Roll Agreements, and (iv) other secured financing transactions that generally do not commit the lender to continue to provide financing to the Company. "United States Holder" means a purchaser of the Common Stock that, for United States income tax purposes, is a United States person (i.e., is not a Foreign Holder). "VA" means the United States Veterans Administration. "VA Loans" means Mortgage Loans partially guaranteed by the VA under the Serviceman's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended. 39 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. (Registrant) Dated: March 31, 1999 /s/ Philip A. Barach ------------------------------------- Philip A. Barach President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) Dated: March 31, 1999 /s/ Daniel K. Osborne ------------------------------------- Daniel K. Osborne Executive Vice President Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Capacity Date - --------- -------- ---- /s/Marc I. Stern Chairman of the Board March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- Marc I. Stern /s/Jeffrey E. Gundlach Vice Chairman of the Board March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- Chief Investment Officer Jeffrey E. Gundlach /s/Philip A. Barach President and March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- Chief Executive Officer Philip A. Barach (Principal Executive Officer) /s/Peter G. Allen* Director March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- Peter G. Allen /s/John C. Argue* Director March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- John C. Argue /s/John A. Gavin* Director March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- John A. Gavin /s/Carl C. Gregory III* Director March 31, 1999 - --------------------------- Carl C. Gregory III *By: /s/Daniel K. Osborne --------------------- Daniel K. Osborne Attorney-in-Fact
40 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT FOR INCLUSION IN FORM 10-K FILED WITH SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION DECEMBER 31, 1998 F-1 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE ---- Independent Auditors' Report F-3 Balance Sheets F-4 Statements of Operations F-5 Statements of Stockholders' Equity F-6 Statements of Cash Flows F-7 Notes to Financial Statements F-8
F-2 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT To the Stockholders of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 1998 and for the period from December 9, 1997 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 1997. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 1998 and for the period from December 9, 1997 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 1997 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Los Angeles, California March 8, 1999 F-3 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 1998 DECEMBER 31, 1997 ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 12,679,000 $ 3,085,000 Mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale, at fair value (Note 3) 825,995,000 265,880,000 Other investments available-for-sale, at fair value (Note 3) 20,139,000 - Interest Rate Caps (Note 4) - 174,000 Accrued interest receivable 5,151,000 1,316,000 Principal payments receivable 937,000 - Other assets 577,000 852,000 ------------ ------------ $865,478,000 $271,307,000 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Liabilities Reverse repurchase agreements (Note 5) $767,908,000 $ 87,818,000 Payable for unsettled securities 838,000 88,638,000 Accrued interest payable 6,173,000 110,000 Dividend payable 1,777,000 268,000 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 752,000 1,476,000 ------------ ------------ 777,448,000 178,310,000 ------------ ------------ Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) Stockholders' Equity Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; no shares outstanding Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 6,700,100 shares outstanding (Notes 8 and 9) 67,000 67,000 Additional paid-in-capital 92,978,000 92,860,000 Accumulated other comprehensive income 6,689,000 188,000 Accumulated dividend distributions in excess of net income (1,135,000) (118,000) Treasury stock, at cost (947,100 shares) (Note 7) (10,569,000) - ------------ ------------ 88,030,000 92,997,000 ------------ ------------ $865,478,000 $271,307,000 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
See accompanying notes to financial statements F-4 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
PERIOD FROM DECEMBER 9, 1997 (COMMENCEMENT YEAR ENDED OF OPERATIONS) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998 DECEMBER 31, 1997 ----------------- ----------------- Interest Income: Mortgage-backed securities $41,075,000 $ 227,000 Cash and cash equivalents 710,000 201,000 ----------- ----------- 41,785,000 428,000 INTEREST EXPENSE 36,007,000 111,000 ----------- ----------- NET INTEREST INCOME 5,778,000 317,000 ----------- ----------- GAIN ON INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS, NET 1,047,000 - OTHER INCOME 826,000 - GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES: Management fee (Note 8) 644,000 43,000 Incentive fee (Note 8) 619,000 - Audit and tax fees 75,000 45,000 Insurance expense 267,000 20,000 Directors' fees 70,000 15,000 Stock option expense 118,000 7,000 Other 311,000 37,000 ----------- ----------- 2,104,000 167,000 ----------- ----------- NET INCOME $ 5,547,000 $ 150,000 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Net Income Per Share: Basic $ 0.90 $ 0.02 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Diluted $ 0.90 $ 0.02 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding: (net of treasury shares) Basic 6,190,000 6,700,100 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Diluted 6,190,000 6,700,100 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Dividends Declared Per Share $ 1.07 $ 0.04 ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
See accompanying notes to financial statements F-5 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY PERIOD FROM DECEMBER 9, 1997 (COMMENCEMENT OF OPERATIONS) TO DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
ACCUMULATED COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL OTHER ---------------------- PAID-IN COMPREHENSIVE SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL INCOME --------- ----------- ----------- --------------- Balance, December 9, 1997 100 $ -- $ 2,000 $ -- Issuance of common stock: Initial public offering, net of offering costs 6,700,000 67,000 92,851,000 -- Issuance of stock options to non-employees (Note 9) -- -- 7,000 -- Net unrealized gain on mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale -- -- -- 188,000 Net income -- -- -- -- Other Comprehensive Income Dividends declared -- -- -- -- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Balance, December 31, 1997 6,700,100 67,000 92,860,000 188,000 Repurchases of common stock -- -- -- -- Issuance of stock options to non-employees (Note 9) -- -- 118,000 -- Net income -- -- -- -- Other comprehensive income: Unrealized gain (loss) on investments available-for-sale during the year -- -- -- 6,501,000 Comprehensive income Dividends declared -- -- -- -- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Balance, December 31, 1998 6,700,100 $ 67,000 $92,978,000 $6,689,000 ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- ACCUMULATED DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTION TREASURY IN EXCESS OF COMPREHENSIVE STOCK, AT NET INCOME INCOME COST TOTAL ------------ -------------- --------- --------- Balance, December 9, 1997 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 2,000 Issuance of common stock: Initial public offering, net of offering costs -- -- -- 92,918,000 Issuance of stock options to non-employees (Note 9) -- -- -- 7,000 Net unrealized gain on mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale -- 188,000 -- 188,000 Net income 150,000 150,000 -- 150,000 ---------- Other Comprehensive Income $ 338,000 ---------- ---------- Dividends declared (268,000) -- (268,000) ------------ ------------ ----------- Balance, December 31, 1997 (118,000) -- 92,997,000 Repurchases of common stock -- (10,569,000) (10,569,000) Issuance of stock options to non-employees (Note 9) -- 118,000 Net income 5,547,000 5,547,000 -- 5,547,000 Other comprehensive income: Unrealized gain (loss) on investments available-for-sale during the year 6,501,000 -- 6,501,000 ----------- Comprehensive income $12,048,000 ----------- ----------- Dividends declared (6,564,000) -- (6,564,000) ------------ ------------ ----------- Balance, December 31, 1998 $(1,135,000) $(10,569,000) $88,030,000 ------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ ------------ -----------
F-6 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
PERIOD FROM DECEMBER 9, 1997 (COMMENCEMENT YEAR ENDED OF OPERATIONS) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998 DECEMBER 31, 1997 ----------------- ----------------- OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net Income $ 5,547,000 $ 150,000 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Amortization 3,533,000 15,000 Gain on investment transactions, net (1,047,000) - Change in assets and liabilities: - Accrued interest receivable (3,835,000) (1,316,000) Other assets 275,000 (852,000) Accrued interest payable 6,063,000 110,000 Accrued expenses and other liabilities (724,000) 1,476,000 ----------------- ----------------- Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 9,812,000 (417,000) ----------------- ----------------- INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchase of other investments (19,716,000) - Purchase of interest rate cap agreements (80,000) (175,000) Purchase of mortgage-backed securities (1,511,359,000) (177,061,000) Proceeds from sales of other investments 1,662,000 - Proceeds from sales of mortgage-backed securities 594,201,000 - Principal payments on mortgage-backed securities 270,608,000 - ----------------- ----------------- Net cash used in investing activities (664,684,000) (177,236,000) ----------------- ----------------- FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Net proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements 680,090,000 87,818,000 Dividend distributions (5,055,000) - Proceeds from stock offering, Net - 92,918,000 Purchase of treasury stock (10,569,000) - ----------------- ----------------- Net cash provided by financing activities 664,466,000 180,736,000 ----------------- ----------------- NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 9,594,000 3,083,000 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD 3,085,000 2,000 ----------------- ----------------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD $ 12,679,000 $ 3,085,000 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid for interest $ 29,944,000 $ 2,000 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Net unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale $ 6,501,000 $ 188,000 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- Securities purchased, not yet settled $ 87,800,000 $ 88,638,000 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- Principal payments, not yet received $ 937,000 - ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- Dividends declared, not yet paid $ 1,777,000 $ 268,000 ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
See accompanying notes to financial statements F-7 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 - THE COMPANY Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in Maryland on September 15, 1997. The Company commenced its operations of acquiring and managing a portfolio of mortgage assets on December 9, 1997, upon receipt of the net proceeds from the initial public offering of the Company's common stock. The Company uses its equity capital and borrowed funds to seek to generate income based on the difference between the yield on its mortgage-backed securities and the cost of its borrowings. The Company is structured for tax purposes as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates their fair value. MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES The Company's mortgage-backed securities consist of securities backed by single-family residential real estate mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities are recorded at cost on the date the assets are purchased. Realized gains and losses on sales of the securities are determined on a specific identification basis. Substantially all of the Company's mortgage-backed securities are expected to qualify as real estate assets under the REIT Provisions of the Code. Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the mortgage-backed securities and their contractual terms. Premiums and discounts are amortized into interest income over the lives of the securities using the effective yield method adjusted for the effects of estimated prepayments. The Company's policy is to generally classify its mortgage-backed securities as available-for-sale. The mortgage-backed securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income. OTHER INVESTMENTS The Company's other investments consist primarily of equity securities issued by other real estate investment trusts and securities generally collateralized by mortgage assets. Dividend income on equity securities is recorded on the declaration date. Interest income on other securities is accrued using the effective interest method applied prospectively based on current market assumptions. Both dividend and interest income earned on other investments is included in other income. The Company's policy is to generally classify its other investments as available-for-sale. Other investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income F-8 INTEREST RATE HEDGING TRANSACTIONS The Company enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements in order to mitigate the impact of rising interest rates on the cost of its short-term borrowings. Amounts payable or receivable from such agreements are accounted for on an accrual basis and recognized as a net adjustment to interest expense. Premiums paid for cap agreements accounted for as hedges are recorded as interest rate caps and amortized over the lives of such agreements as an adjustment to interest expense. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION The Company grants stock options to its directors and officers and to certain directors, officers and employees of its investment manager and the investment manager itself, as discussed in Note 9. Options granted to directors of the Company are accounted for using the intrinsic method, and generally no compensation expense is recognized in the statement of operations for such options. Other options are accounted for using the fair value method; such options are measured at their fair value when they are granted and are recognized as a general and administrative expense during the periods when the options vest and the related services are performed. FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT and generally is not be subject to federal and state taxes on its income to the extent it distributes annually 95% of its predistribution taxable income to stockholders and meets certain other asset, income and stock ownership tests. As such, no accrual for income taxes has been included in the financial statements. NET INCOME PER SHARE Basic net income per share is calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share includes the additional dilutive effect of common stock equivalents and outstanding stock options is calculated using the treasury stock method. Stock options that could potentially dilute net income per share in the future were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share in 1998 and 1997 because they would have been antidilutive for the period presented. DEFERRED ORGANIZATION COSTS Costs incurred in connection with the organization of the Company are deferred and amortized over five years using the straight line method. Unamortized amounts are included on the balance sheet in other assets. Amortization expense is included in other general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations. INCOME RECOGNITION Income and expenses are recorded on the accrual basis of accounting. CREDIT RISK At December 31, 1998, the Company has limited its exposure to credit losses on its portfolio of mortgage-backed securities by purchasing securities that are either rated "AAA" by at least one nationally recognized rating agency or are issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), Fannie Mae (formerly known as the Federal National Mortgage Corporation) or the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"). The payment of principal and interest on the FHLMC, Fannie Mae and GNMA securities are guaranteed by those respective agencies. At December 31, 1998, all of the Company's mortgage-backed securities have an actual or implied "AAA" rating. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. F-9 COMPREHENSIVE INCOME During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company adopted SFAS No. 130, REPORTING COMPREHENSIVE INCOME. This statement establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income is defined as "the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners." RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133, ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES. The Statement establishes accounting and reporting standards requiring that every derivative instrument (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) be recorded in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. The Statement requires that changes in the derivative's fair value be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. Special accounting for qualifying hedges allows a derivative's gains and losses to offset related results on the hedged item in the income statement, and requires that a company must formally document, designate, and assess the effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge accounting. SFAS No. 133 is effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999. A company may also implement the Statement as of the beginning of any fiscal quarter after issuance (that is, fiscal quarters beginning June 16, 1998 and thereafter). Statement 133 cannot be applied retroactively. Statement 133 must be applied to (a) derivative instruments and (b) certain derivative instruments embedded in hybrid contracts that were issued, acquired, or substantively modified after December 31, 1997 (and, at the Company's election, before January 1, 1998). The Company will adopt the reporting requirements of SFAS No. 133 by the first quarter of 2000. An earlier adoption may be made if circumstances warrant. The Company expects the impact of the adoption of the reporting requirements of SFAS No. 133 to include the recording of the approximate fair value of the Company's interest rate swaps as comprehensive income. NOTE 3 - MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS At December 31, 1998, mortgage-backed securities consisted of the following:
Adjustable Rate Fixed Rate Mortgage Mortgage (in thousands) Securities Securities Total --------------------------------------------------------- Principal Amount $ 61,590 $ 758,110 $ 819,700 Unamortized Premium 772 800 1,572 --------------------------------------------------------- Amortized Cost 62,362 758,910 821,272 Unrealized Gains 86 4,762 4,848 Unrealized Losses (110) (15) (125) --------------------------------------------------------- Fair Value $ 62,338 $ 763,657 $ 825,995 --------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 1997, mortgage-backed securities consisted of the following:
Adjustable Rate Fixed Rate Mortgage Mortgage (in thousands) Securities Securities Total --------------------------------------------------------- Principal Amount $ 237,929 $ 24,826 $ 262,755 Unamortized Premium 2,743 194 2,937 Amortized Cost 240,672 25,020 265,692 Unrealized Gains 162 41 203 Unrealized Losses (15) 0 (15) --------------------------------------------------------- Fair Value $ 240,819 $ 25,061 $ 265,880 --------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
The contractual final maturity of the mortgage loans supporting the mortgage-backed securities is generally between 15 and 30 years at origination. Because of prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans, the actual weighted-average maturity is expected to be less. F-10 The adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities are typically subject to periodic and lifetime caps that limit the amount an adjustable rate mortgage-backed security's interest rate can change during any given period and over the life of the asset. At December 31, 1998, the average periodic cap on the adjustable rate mortgage assets was 2.0% per annum and the average lifetime cap was equal to 11.3%. At December 31, 1997, the average periodic cap on the adjustable rate mortgage assets was 2.0% per annum and the average lifetime cap was equal to 11.4%. During the year ended December 31, 1998 the Company realized $972,000 in gains on the sale of $594,201,000 of mortgage-backed securities which were classified as available-for-sale. At December 31, 1998, other investments consisted of the following:
(in thousands) Equity Securities Other Securities Total -------------------------------------------------- Amortized Cost $ 14,154 $ 4,019 $ 18,173 Unrealized Gains 2,268 0 2,268 Unrealized Losses 0 (302) (302) -------------------------------------------------- Fair Value $ 16,422 $ 3,717 $ 20,139 -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
The Other securities generally have an original maturity of five years subject to certain acceleration provisions. The expected average remaining maturity at December 31, 1998 was approximately four years. During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company realized $303,000 in gains on the sale of $1,662,000 of Other Investments which were classified as available-for-sale. NOTE 4 - INTEREST RATE CAP AGREEMENTS Interest rate cap agreements include the carrying value of purchased interest rate caps, entered into by the Company in order to mitigate the impact of rising interest rates on the cost of its short-term borrowings. As discussed in Note 10, the Company has entered into certain interest rate swap transactions. The execution of these swaps eliminated the need for the cap protection previously purchased. Accordingly, the interest rate cap agreements no longer qualify for hedge accounting and were written down to zero during the year ended December 31, 1998 which approximates their fair value. A $228,000 charge for the write off is included in Gain on Investment Transactions, net in the Statement of Operations. The terms of outstanding interest rate cap agreements are as follows:
At December 31, 1998 At December 31, 1997 ---------------------------------------------- Notional Amount $900,000,000 $500,000,000 Average Contract Rate 10.4% 10.0% Average Final Maturity January 24, 2002 December 24, 2001
Under these agreements, the Company will receive cash payments to the extent of the excess of three month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") over the agreements' contract rate times the notional amount. NOTE 5 - REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS The Company has entered into reverse repurchase agreements to finance certain of its mortgage-backed securities. These agreements are secured by a portion of the Company's mortgage-backed securities and bear interest rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. At December 31, 1998, the Company had outstanding $767,908,000 of reverse repurchase agreements with a weighted average current borrowing rate of 5.34% and a maturity of 2.9 months. The reverse repurchase agreements were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities with an estimated fair value of $800,260,000. F-11 At December 31, 1997, the Company had outstanding $87,818,000 of reverse repurchase agreements with a weighted average current borrowing rate of 5.82% and a maturity of 2.8 months. The reverse repurchase agreements were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities with an estimated fair value of $90,043,000. For the year ended December 31, 1998, the average reverse repurchase agreement balance was $624,865,000 with a weighted average interest cost of 5.58%. The maximum reverse repurchase agreement balance outstanding during the year ended December 31, 1998 was $823,296,000. For the period ended December 31, 1997, the average reverse repurchase agreement balance was $29,895,000 with a weighted average interest cost of 5.75%. The maximum reverse repurchase agreement balance outstanding during the period ended December 31, 1997 was $87,818,000. NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments. SFAS No. 107, DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, defines the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale (dollars in thousands):
At December 31, 1998 At December 31, 1997 ---------------------------- ----------------------------- Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value -------------- ---------- -------------- ---------- Mortgage-backed Securities $821,272 $825,995 $265,692 $265,880 Interest Rate Caps - - 174 174 Other Investments 18,173 20,139 - - Interest Rate Swaps - (9,994) - -
The Company bases its fair value estimates for mortgage-backed securities, other investments and interest rate swaps primarily on third party price indications provided by dealers who make markets in these financial instruments when such indications are available. However, the fair value reported reflects estimates and may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. Cash and cash equivalents, interest receivable and reverse repurchase agreements are reflected in the financial statements at their costs, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. NOTE 7 - STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM On January 13, 1998, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock. On September 16, 1998, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to an additional 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock having completed the original repurchase program of 750,000 shares. The Company repurchased 947,100 shares during the year ended December 31, 1998. The average price per share repurchased during the year ended December 31, 1998 was $11.16. The repurchased shares are held in treasury at cost in the financial statements herein. An additional 552,900 shares are currently authorized for potential repurchase in the future. The Company may continue to repurchase shares in the future when market conditions warrant. F-12 NOTE 8 - TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES The Company has entered into a Management Agreement (the "Management Agreement") with TCW Investment Management Company (the "Manager"), a wholly owned subsidiary of The TCW Group, Inc., under which the Manager will manage its day-to-day operations, subject to the direction and oversight of the Company's Board of Directors. The Company will pay the Manager annual base management compensation, payable monthly in arrears, equal to 3/4 of 1% of the average net invested capital as further defined in the Management Agreement. The Company paid the Manager $644,000 in base management compensation during the year ended December 31, 1998. The Company paid the Manager $43,000 in base management compensation for the period ended December 31, 1997. The Company also pays the Manager, as incentive compensation, an amount equal to 30% of the Net Income of the Company, before incentive compensation, in excess of the amount that would produce an annualized return on equity equal to the ten-year US Treasury rate plus 1% as further defined in the Management Agreement. The Company accrued $619,000 for incentive compensation to the Manager for the year ended December 31, 1998. The Company did not pay or accrue incentive compensation to the Manager for the period ended December 31, 1997. The Company may also grant stock options to directors, officers and key employees of the Company, the Manager, its directors, officers and key employees. The Company's other investments include securities that are issued by special purpose companies that invest primarily in mortgage-related assets. An affiliate of the Manager serves as the investment manager to these companies and is paid fees in connection with such services. The Company does not anticipate paying any management fees directly to any affiliate of the Manager in connection with these investments. NOTE 9 - STOCK OPTIONS The Company has adopted a stock option plan (the "Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan") that provides for the grant of both qualified incentive stock options that meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Code, and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights and dividend equivalent rights. Stock options may be granted to directors, officers and key employees of the Company, the Manager, its directors, officers and key employees. The exercise price for any stock option granted under the Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares of common stock at the time the option is granted. Each option must terminate no more than ten years from the date it is granted. Subject to anti-dilution provisions for stock splits, stock dividends and similar events, the Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan authorizes the grant of options to purchase an aggregate 1,000,000 shares of common stock. The Company recognized compensation expense of (i) $118,000 during the year ended December 31, 1998 for stock options granted to non-employees, and (ii) $7,000 during the period ended December 31, 1997 for stock options granted to non-employees. For the year ended December 31, 1998, options to purchase 112,000 shares of the Company's common stock were granted to directors of the Company and options to purchase 58,000 shares were granted to officers of the Company and officers and key employees of the Manager. The exercise price of the options granted during 1998 was $10.38 per share. All of the options granted during 1998 include dividend equivalent rights that entitle the option holder to receive a cash payment equal to the dividends declared on the Company's common stock multiplied by the number of options held until the options are exercised or expire. The fair value of each option granted during 1998 was estimated to be $5.32 as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: dividend yield of 0% per annum (to account for the dividend equivalent rights); expected volatility of 30%; risk free interest rate of 4.57% per annum; and an expected life of 10 years. F-13 The options granted during 1998 expire in December 2008 and vest in two equal installments during the month of December in 1999 and 2000. For the year ended December 31, 1997, options to purchase 210,000 shares of the Company's common stock were granted to directors of the Company and options to purchase 190,000 shares were granted to officers of the Company and officers and key employees of the Manager. The exercise price of the options granted during 1997 was $15 per share. The fair value of each option granted during 1997 was estimated to be $1.05 as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: dividend yield of 11% per annum; expected volatility of 30%; risk free interest rate of 5.82% per annum; and an expected life of 10 years. The options granted during 1997 expire in December 2007 and vest in three equal installments during the month of February in 1999, 2000 and 2001. If the Company had recorded stock option grants to Company directors at fair value and related compensation expense, the pro forma effect on the Company's net income and earnings per share would have been as follows:
Year Ended Period Ended December 31, 1998 December 31, 1997 ------------------------------------------ Net income - as reported $5,547,000 $150,000 Net income - pro forma 5,411,000 143,000 Basic and diluted earnings per share - as reported $0.90 $0.02 Basis and diluted earnings per share - pro forma $0.87 $0.02
Information regarding stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 1998 and the period ended December 31, 1997 is as follows:
Weighted Average Shares Exercise Price --------------------------------- Options Granted During 1997 400,000 $15.00 Exercised - - Expired - - --------------------------------- Options Outstanding at December 31, 1997 400,000 15.00 Options Granted During 1998 170,000 10.38 Exercised - - Expired - - Options Outstanding at December 31, 1998 570,000 $13.62 --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
F-14 NOTE 10 - CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS During the year ended December 31, 1998 the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements with original notional amounts as stated below. Under these agreements, the Company receives a floating rate and pays a fixed rate. (Amounts are in thousands)
Current Termination Unrealized Notional Amount Type Fixed Rate Floating Rate Date Gains (Losses) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 95,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.880% 1Mo LIBOR 5/29/00 $ (1,058) 30,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.905% 1Mo LIBOR 6/30/00 (378) 28,204 Interest Rate Swap 5.765% 1Mo LIBOR 7/25/00 (282) 61,599 Interest Rate Swap 5.775% 1Mo LIBOR 8/25/00 (653) 47,170 Interest Rate Swap 5.710% 1Mo LIBOR 8/28/00 (456) 60,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.900% 1Mo LIBOR 5/18/01 (1,086) 97,118 Interest Rate Swap 5.883% 1Mo LIBOR 6/25/01 (1,564) 117,755 Interest Rate Swap 5.905% 1Mo LIBOR 5/25/01 (1,720) 53,394 Interest Rate Swap 5.750% 1Mo LIBOR 7/14/01 (709) 65,000 Interest Rate Swap 5.791% 1Mo LIBOR 6/25/01 (1,045) 48,350 Interest Rate Swap 5.960% 1Mo LIBOR 5/15/02 (1,043) ------------ ----------- $703,590 $(9,994) ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
The Company is generally required to deposit collateral with the swap agreement counter-parties in an amount at least equal to the amount of any unrealized losses. At December 31, 1998, the Company had securities with a fair market value of $17,327,000 on deposit with its counter-parties. If unrealized losses on the interest rate swap agreements were to increase, the Company would be required to deposit additional collateral. NOTE 11 - SUMMARIZED QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED) The following is a presentation of the quarterly results of operations (amounts are in thousands except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31, 1998 ------------------------------------------------- Fourth Third Second First Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter -------------------------------------------------- Interest Income $ 13,738 $ 13,642 $ 9,498 $ 4,907 Interest Expense 11,726 11,271 8,999 4,011 -------- -------- -------- -------- Net Interest Income 2,012 2,371 499 896 -------- -------- -------- -------- Gain on Investment Transaction, net 571 7 469 - Other Income 640 186 - - General and Administrative Expenses (841) (572) (359) (332) -------- -------- -------- -------- Net Income $ 2,382 $ 1,992 $ 609 $ 564 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Basic and Diluted EPS $ 0.41 $ 0.33 $ 0.10 $ 0.09 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Average Number of Shares Outstanding 5,761 6,022 6,387 6,603 (net of treasury shares) -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Dividend Declared Per Share $ 0.30 $ 0.27 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
F-15
EX-10.1 2 EXHIBIT 10.1 EXHIBIT 10.1 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. FIRST AMENDMENT TO MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT This First Amendment to the Management Agreement between APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC., a Maryland corporation (the "COMPANY"), and TCW INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY, a California corporation (the "MANAGER") executed December 9, 1997 is entered into as of December 16, 1998 by the Company and the Manager pursuant to section 26 of the Management Agreement. The Management Agreement is amended as follows: 1.4 "Average Net Invested Capital" means for any period (i) the arithmetic average of the sum of the gross proceeds of the offerings of its equity securities by the Company, after deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to such offering, plus (A) the Company's retained earnings (taking into account any losses incurred) and (B) any non-cash charges or reserves, including depreciation, mark-to-market adjustments and unrealized credit loss, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period, plus (ii) any unsecured debt approved by a majority of the Unaffiliated Directors to be included in Average Net Invested Capital, minus (iii) the cumulative amounts paid by the Company to repurchase its shares. 1.5 "Average Net Worth" means for any period the arithmetic average of the sum of the gross proceeds from the offerings of its equity securities by the Company, before deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses and costs relating to the offerings, plus the Company's retained earnings (without taking into account any losses incurred in prior periods) computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period, minus the cumulative amounts paid by the Company to repurchase its shares. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this First Amendment to the Management Agreement as of the effective date. APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. By: /s/ Daniel K. Osborne -------------------------------------- Daniel K. Osborne Executive Vice President TCW INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT COMPANY By: /s/ Alvin R. Albe, Jr. -------------------------------------- Alvin R. Albe, Jr. President EX-10.6 3 EXHIBIT 10.6 EXHIBIT 10.6 APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. AMENDED AND RESTATED 1997 STOCK OPTION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE 1. The Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Administration and Authorization; Power and Procedure . . . . . . . 1 1.2.1 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2.2 Plan Awards; Interpretation; Powers of Committee. . . . . 1 1.2.3 Binding Determinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.4 Reliance on Experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.5 Delegation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Shares Available for Awards; Share Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4.1 Shares Available. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4.2 Share Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4.3 Limitation on Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4.4 Share Reservation; Replenishment and Reissue of Unvested Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.5 Grant of Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.6 Award Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7 Limitations on Exercise and Vesting of Awards . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7.1 Provisions for Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7.2 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.7.3 Fractional Shares/Minimum Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.8 Acceptance of Notes to Finance Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.8.1 Principal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.8.2 Term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.8.3 Recourse; Security; Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.8.4 Termination of Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.9 No Transferability; Limited Exception to Transfer Restrictions. . . 5 1.9.1 Limit On Exercise and Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.9.2 Exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.9.3 Further Exceptions to Limits On Transfer. . . . . . . . . 6 2. Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Grants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Option Price. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.1 Pricing Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.2 Payment Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
i 2.3 Limitations on Grant and Terms of Incentive Stock Options . . . . . 7 2.3.1 $100,000 Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3.2 Option Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3.3 Other Code Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.4 Limits on 10% Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.5 Option Repricing/Cancellation and Regrant/Waiver of Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.6 Effects of Termination of Employment; Termination of Subsidiary Status; Discretionary Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.6.1 Options - Resignation or Dismissal. . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.6.2 Options - Death or Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.6.3 Options - Retirement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.6.4 Certain SARs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.6.5 Other Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.6.6 Committee Discretion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.7 Options and Rights in Substitution for Stock Options Granted by Other Corporations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. Stock Appreciation Rights (Including Limited Stock Appreciation Rights. . . . 9 3.1 Grants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Exercise of Stock Appreciation Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Exercisability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.2 Effect on Available Shares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.3 Stand-Alone SARs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.4 Proportionate Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3 Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.1 Amount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3.2 Form of Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.4 Limited Stock Appreciation Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4. Restricted Stock Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.1 Grants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2 Restrictions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2.1 Pre-Vesting Restraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2.2 Dividend and Voting Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2.3 Cash Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.3 Return to the Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5. Performance Share Awards; Stock Units; Stock Bonuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1 Grants of Performance Share Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2 Special Performance-Based Share Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2.1 Eligible Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2.2 Maximum Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ii 5.2.3 Committee Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2.4 Terms and Conditions of Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2.5 Stock Payout Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.2.6 Adjustments for Material Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.3 Grants of Stock Bonuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5.4 Deferred Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.5 Cash Bonus Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.5.1 Performance Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.6 Alternative Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6. Other Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.1 Rights of Eligible Persons, Participants and Beneficiaries. . . . . 14 6.1.1 Employment Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.1.2 No Employment Contract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.1.3 Plan Not Funded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6.2 Adjustments; Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.2.1 Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6.2.2 Acceleration of Awards Upon Change in Control . . . . . . 16 6.2.3 Possible Early Termination of Accelerated Awards. . . . . 16 6.2.4 Golden Parachute Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6.3 Effect of Termination of Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.4 Compliance with Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.4.2 Restrictions on Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6.5 Tax Withholding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.5.1 Provision for Tax Withholding Offset. . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.5.2 Tax Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.6 Plan Amendment, Termination and Suspension. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.6.1 Board Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 6.6.2 Stockholder Approval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.6.3 Amendments to Awards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.6.4 Limitations on Amendments to Plan and Awards. . . . . . . 19 6.7 Privileges of Stock Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.8 Effective Date of the Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.9 Term of the Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.10 Governing Law/Construction/Severability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.10.1 Choice of Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6.10.2 Severability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.10.3 Plan Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.11 Captions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
iii 6.12 Effect of Change of Subsidiary Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6.13 Non-Exclusivity of Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8. Non-Employee Director Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8.1 Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8.2 Option Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8.2.1 Time of Initial Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8.2.2 Subsequent Automatic Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.2.3 Subsequent Discretionary Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.3 Option Price. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.4 Option Period and Exercisability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.5 Termination of Directorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.6 Adjustments; Accelerations; Terminations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.7 Acceleration Upon a Change in Control Event . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
iv APEX MORTGAGE CAPITAL, INC. AMENDED AND RESTATED 1997 STOCK OPTION PLAN 1. THE PLAN 1.1 PURPOSE. The purpose of this Plan is to promote the success of the Company and the interests of its stockholders by attracting, motivating, retaining and rewarding directors, officers and employees and other Eligible Persons associated with the management of the Company with awards and incentives for high levels of performance and improving the financial performance of the Company, by aligning the interests of the those persons and the Company's stockholders, and by attracting, motivating and retaining experienced and knowledgeable independent directors through the benefits provided under Section 8. "Corporation" means Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. and "Company" means the Corporation and its Subsidiaries, collectively. These terms and other capitalized terms are defined in Section 7. 1.2 ADMINISTRATION AND AUTHORIZATION; POWER AND PROCEDURE 1.2.1 COMMITTEE. This Plan will be administered by and all Awards to Eligible Persons will be authorized by the Committee, other than the Initial Awards which have been authorized by the Corporation's stockholder(s) in connection with approving this Plan. Action of the Committee with respect to the administration of this Plan will be taken pursuant to a majority vote or by written consent of its members. 1.2.2 PLAN AWARDS; INTERPRETATION; POWERS OF COMMITTEE. Subject to the express provisions of this Plan, the Committee will have the authority to: (a) determine the particular Eligible Persons who will receive Awards; (b) grant Awards to Eligible Persons, determine the price at which securities will be offered or awarded and the amount of securities to be offered or awarded to any of such Eligible Persons, and determine the other specific terms and conditions of such Awards consistent with the express limits of this Plan, and establish the installments (if any) in which such Awards will become exercisable or will vest, or determine that no delayed exercisability or vesting is required, and establish the events of termination or reversion of such Awards; (c) approve the forms of Award Agreements (which need not be identical either as to type of Award or among Participants); (d) construe and interpret this Plan and any agreements defining the rights and obligations of the Company and Eligible Persons under this Plan, further define the terms used in this Plan, and prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the administration of this Plan; (e) cancel, modify, or waive the Corporation's rights with respect to, or modify, discontinue, suspend, or terminate any or all outstanding Awards held by Eligible Persons, subject to any required consent under Section 6.6; (f) accelerate or extend the exercisability or extend the term of any or all such outstanding Awards within the maximum 10 year term of Awards under Section 1.6; and (g) make all other determinations and take such other action as contemplated by this Plan or as may be necessary or advisable for the administration of this Plan and the effectuation of its purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of Sections 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 relating to Non-Employee Director Awards will be automatic and, to the maximum extent possible, self-effectuating. 1.2.3 BINDING DETERMINATIONS. Any action taken by, or inaction of, the Corporation, any Subsidiary, the Board or the Committee relating or pursuant to this Plan will be within the absolute discretion of that entity or body and will be conclusive and binding upon all persons. No member of the Board or Committee, or officer of the Corporation or any Subsidiary, will be liable for any such action or inaction of the entity or body, of another person or, except in circumstances involving bad faith, of himself or herself. Subject only to compliance with the express provisions hereof, the Board and Committee may act in their absolute discretion in matters within their authority related to this Plan. 1.2.4 RELIANCE ON EXPERTS. In making any determination or in taking or not taking any action under this Plan, the Committee or the Board, as the case may be, may obtain and may rely upon the advice of experts, including professional advisors to the Corporation. No director, officer or agent of the Company will be liable for any such action or determination taken or made or omitted in good faith. 1.2.5 DELEGATION. The Committee may delegate ministerial, non-discretionary functions to individuals who are officers or employees of the Company. 1.3 PARTICIPATION. Awards may be granted by the Committee only to those persons that the Committee determines to be Eligible Persons. An Eligible Person who has been granted an Award may, if otherwise eligible, be granted additional Awards if the Committee so determines. 2 1.4 SHARES AVAILABLE FOR AWARDS; SHARE LIMITS 1.4.1 SHARES AVAILABLE. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.2, the capital stock that may be delivered under this Plan will be shares of the Corporation's authorized but unissued Common Stock and any shares of its Common Stock held as treasury shares (the "Shares"). The Shares may be delivered for any lawful consideration. 1.4.2 SHARE LIMITS. The maximum number of Shares that may be delivered pursuant to Awards granted to Eligible Persons under this Plan will not exceed 1,000,000 Shares (the "Share Limit"). The number of Shares subject to Awards outstanding at any time will not exceed the number of Shares remaining available for issuance under the Plan. The maximum number of Shares subject to those Options and Stock Appreciation Rights that are granted during any calendar year to any one individual, subject to Section 1.4.3, will be limited to 200,000 Shares. Each of the foregoing numerical limits is subject to adjustment as contemplated by this Section 1.4 and Section 6.2. 1.4.3 LIMITATION ON OWNERSHIP. (a) No Awards will be granted under the Plan to any person who, after the grant of such Award, would be deemed to beneficially own more than 9.8% (in value or in number of Shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Shares of Common Stock of the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 1.4.3, "ownership" is determined in accordance with the Real Estate Investment Trust provisions of the Code, the constructive ownership provisions of Section 544 of the Code (as modified by Section 856(1)(b) of the Code), and Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. (b) If, after an Award is granted, circumstances of ownership (or the Corporation's knowledge thereof) change so that the exercise of such Award would cause the Participant to beneficially own more Shares than are permitted pursuant to paragraph (a) above, then upon any exercise of such Award that causes such result, the Corporation shall have the right to deliver to the Participant, in lieu of Shares, a check or cash in the amount equal to the Fair Market Value of the Shares otherwise deliverable on the date of exercise (minus any amounts withheld pursuant to Section 6.5). 1.4.4 SHARE RESERVATION; REPLENISHMENT AND REISSUE OF UNVESTED AWARDS. No Award may be granted under this Plan unless, on the date of grant, the sum of (a) the maximum number of Shares issuable at any time pursuant to such Award, plus (b) the number of Shares that have previously been issued pursuant to Awards granted under this Plan, other than reacquired Shares available for reissue consistent with any applicable legal limitations, plus (c) the maximum number of Shares that may be issued at any time after such date of grant pursuant to Awards that are outstanding on such date, does not exceed the Share Limit. Shares that 3 are subject to or underlie Awards that expire or for any reason are canceled or terminated, are forfeited, fail to vest, or for any other reason are not paid or delivered under this Plan, as well as reacquired Shares, will again, except to the extent prohibited by law, be available for subsequent Awards under the Plan. Except as limited by law, if an Award is or may be settled only in cash, such Award need not be counted against any of the limits under this Section 1.4. 1.5 GRANT OF AWARDS. Subject to the express provisions of this Plan, the Committee will determine the number of Shares subject to each Award, the price (if any) to be paid for the Shares or the Award and, in the case of performance share awards, in addition to matters addressed in Section 1.2.2, the specific objectives, goals and performance criteria (such as an increase in sales, market value, earnings or book value over a base period, the years of service before vesting, the relevant job classification or level of responsibility or other factors) that further define the terms of the performance share award. Each Award will be evidenced by an Award Agreement signed by the Corporation and, if required by the Committee, by the Participant. 1.6 AWARD PERIOD. The Award Period of any Option, SAR, warrant or similar right shall expire and any other Award shall either vest or be forfeited not more than 10 years after the date of grant; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that any payment of cash or delivery of Shares pursuant to an Award may be delayed until a future date if specifically authorized by the Committee in writing. 1.7 LIMITATIONS ON EXERCISE AND VESTING OF AWARDS. 1.7.1 PROVISIONS FOR EXERCISE. Unless the Committee otherwise expressly provides, no Award will be exercisable or will vest until at least six months after the initial Award Date, and once exercisable an Award will remain exercisable until the expiration or earlier termination of the Award. 1.7.2 PROCEDURE. Any exercisable Award will be deemed to be exercised when the Corporation receives written notice of such exercise from the Participant, together with any required payment made in accordance with Section 2.2.2 or 8.4, as the case may be, and any other requirements of exercise, including any document required by Section 6.4, are satisfied. 1.7.3 FRACTIONAL SHARES/MINIMUM ISSUE. Fractional share interests will be disregarded, but may be accumulated. The Committee, however, may determine in the case of Eligible Persons that cash, other securities, or other property will be paid or transferred in lieu of any fractional share interests. No fewer than 100 Shares may be purchased on exercise of any Award at one time unless the number purchased is the total number at the time available for purchase under the Award. 1.8 ACCEPTANCE OF NOTES TO FINANCE EXERCISE. The Corporation, in its sole discretion, may accept one or more notes from any Eligible Person in connection with the exercise or receipt of any outstanding Award; but any such note will be subject to the following terms and conditions: 4 1.8.1 PRINCIPAL. The principal of the note will not exceed the amount required to be paid to the Corporation upon the exercise or receipt of one or more Awards under the Plan and the note will be delivered directly to the Corporation in consideration of such exercise or receipt. 1.8.2 TERM. The initial term of the note will be determined by the Committee; but the term of the note, including extensions, will not exceed a period of five years. 1.8.3 RECOURSE; SECURITY; COMPLIANCE. The note will provide for full recourse to the Participant and will bear interest at a rate determined by the Committee but not less than the interest rate necessary to avoid the imputation of interest under the Code. If required by the Committee or by applicable law, the note will be secured by a pledge of any Shares or rights financed thereby in compliance with applicable law. The terms, repayment provisions, and collateral release provisions of the note and the pledge securing the note will conform with applicable rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board as then in effect. 1.8.4 TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. If the employment of the Participant terminates, the unpaid principal balance of the note will become due and payable on the 10th business day after the Severance Date; but if a sale of such Shares would cause the Participant to incur liability under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, the unpaid balance will become due and payable on the 10th business day after the first day on which a sale of such Shares could have been made without incurring such liability assuming for these purposes that there are no other transactions (or deemed transactions) in securities of this Corporation by the Participant after such termination. 1.9 NO TRANSFERABILITY; LIMITED EXCEPTION TO TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS. 1.9.1 LIMIT ON EXERCISE AND TRANSFER. Unless otherwise expressly provided in (or pursuant to) this Section 1.9, by applicable law and by the Award Agreement, as the same may be amended, (a) all Awards are non-transferable and will not be subject in any manner to sale, transfer, anticipation, alienation, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or charge, (b) Awards may be exercised only by the Participant, and (c) amounts payable or Shares issuable pursuant to an Award will be delivered only to (or for the account of) the Participant. 1.9.2 EXCEPTIONS. The Committee may permit Awards to be exercised by and paid only to certain persons or entities related to the Participant pursuant to such conditions and procedures as the Committee may establish. Any permitted transfer will be subject to the condition that the Committee receive evidence satisfactory to it that the transfer is being made to related persons for estate and/or tax planning purposes and without consideration (other than nominal consideration). Incentive Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards, however, will be subject to any and all additional transfer restrictions under the Code. 5 1.9.3 FURTHER EXCEPTIONS TO LIMITS ON TRANSFER. The exercise and transfer restrictions in Section 1.9.1 will not apply to: (a) transfers to the Corporation, (b) the designation of a beneficiary to receive benefits if the Participant dies or, if the Participant has died, transfers to or exercise by the Participant's beneficiary, or, in the absence of a validly designated beneficiary, transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution, (c) transfers pursuant to a QDRO if approved or ratified by the Committee, (d) if the Participant has suffered a disability, permitted transfers or exercises on behalf of the Participant by the Participant's legal representative, or (e) the authorization by the Committee of "cashless exercise" procedures with third parties who provide financing for the purpose of (or who otherwise facilitate) the exercise of Awards consistent with applicable laws and the express authorization of the Committee. 2. OPTIONS 2.1 GRANTS. One or more Options may be granted under this Section to any Eligible Person. Each Option granted will be designated by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement as either an Incentive Stock Option, subject to Section 2.3, or a Non-Qualified Stock Option. 2.2 OPTION PRICE. 2.2.1 PRICING LIMITS. The purchase price per Share of the Shares covered by each Option will be not be less than 100% (110% in the case of a Participant described in Section 2.4) of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date of grant. 2.2.2 PAYMENT PROVISIONS. The purchase price of any Shares purchased on exercise of an Option granted under this Section will be paid in full at the time of each purchase in one or a combination of the following methods: (a) in cash or by electronic funds transfer; (b) by certified or cashier's check payable to the order of the Corporation; (c) if permitted by the Committee, by a promissory note of the Participant consistent with the requirements of Sections 1.8 and 6.4; (d) by notice and third party payment in such manner as may be authorized by the Committee; or (e) by the delivery of shares of Common Stock of the Corporation already owned by the Participant, but the Committee may in its absolute discretion limit the Participant's ability to exercise an Award by delivering such shares, and any shares delivered that were initially acquired upon exercise of a stock option must have been owned by the Participant at least six months as of the date of delivery. Shares of Common Stock used to satisfy the exercise price of an Option will be 6 valued at their Fair Market Value on the date of exercise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Committee may provide that the Option can be exercised and payment made by delivering a properly executed exercise notice together with irrevocable instructions to a broker to promptly deliver to the Corporation the amount of sale proceeds necessary to pay the exercise price and, unless otherwise prohibited by the Committee or applicable law, any applicable tax withholding under Section 6.5. The Corporation will not be obligated to deliver certificates for the shares unless and until it receives full payment of the exercise price therefor and any related withholding obligations have been satisfied. 2.3 LIMITATIONS ON GRANT AND TERMS OF INCENTIVE STOCK OPTIONS. 2.3.1 $100,000 LIMIT. To the extent that the aggregate "Fair Market Value" of Shares with respect to which incentive stock options first become exercisable by a Participant in any calendar year exceeds $100,000, taking into account both Shares subject to Incentive Stock Options under this Plan and stock subject to incentive stock options under all other plans of the Company or any parent corporation, such options will be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options. For this purpose, the "Fair Market Value" of the stock subject to options will be determined as of the date the options were awarded. In reducing the number of options treated as incentive stock options to meet the $100,000 limit, the most recently granted options will be reduced first. To the extent a reduction of simultaneously granted options is necessary to meet the $100,000 limit, the Committee may, in the manner and to the extent permitted by law, designate which Shares are to be treated as Shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option. 2.3.2 OPTION PERIOD. Except as provided in Section 1.6, each Option and all rights thereunder will expire no later than 10 years after the Award Date. 2.3.3 OTHER CODE LIMITS. Incentive Stock Options may only be granted to Eligible Employees of the Corporation or a Subsidiary who satisfy the eligibility requirements of the Code. There will be imposed in any Award Agreement relating to Incentive Stock Options such other terms and conditions as from time to time are required in order that the Option be an "incentive stock option" as that term is defined in Section 422 of the Code. 2.4 LIMITS ON 10% HOLDERS. No Incentive Stock Option may be granted to any person who, at the time the Option is granted, owns (or is deemed to own under Section 424(d) of the Code) shares of outstanding Common Stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Corporation, unless the exercise price of such Option is at least 110% of the Fair Market Value of the stock subject to the Option and such Option by its terms is not exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date such Option is granted. 7 2.5 OPTION REPRICING/CANCELLATION AND REGRANT/WAIVER OF RESTRICTIONS. Subject to Section 1.4 and Section 6.6 and the specific limitations on Awards contained in this Plan, the Committee from time to time may authorize, generally or in specific cases only, for the benefit of any Eligible Person any adjustment in the exercise or purchase price, the vesting schedule, the number of Shares subject to, the restrictions upon or the term of, an Award granted under this Section by cancellation of an outstanding Award and a subsequent regranting of an Award, by amendment, by substitution of an outstanding Award, by waiver or by other legally valid means. Such amendment or other action may result among other changes in an exercise or purchase price that is higher or lower than the exercise or purchase price of the original or prior Award, provide for a greater or lesser number of Shares subject to the Award, or provide for a longer or shorter vesting or exercise period. 2.6 EFFECTS OF TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT; TERMINATION OF SUBSIDIARY STATUS; DISCRETIONARY PROVISIONS. 2.6.1 OPTIONS - RESIGNATION OR DISMISSAL. If the Participant's employment by (or other service specified in the Award Agreement to) the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, terminates for any reason (the date of such termination being referred to as the "Severance Date") other than Retirement, Total Disability or death, or "for Cause" (as determined in the discretion of the Committee), the Participant will have, unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement and subject to earlier termination pursuant to or as contemplated by Section 1.6 or 6.2, 90 days after the Severance Date to exercise any Option to the extent exercisable on the Severance Date. In the case of a termination "for Cause", the Option will terminate on the Severance Date. The Option, to the extent not exercisable on the Severance Date, will terminate in all cases, unless the Award Agreement or the Committee otherwise provides. 2.6.2 OPTIONS - DEATH OR DISABILITY. If the Participant's employment by (or specified service to) the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, terminates as a result of Total Disability or death, the Participant, Participant's Personal Representative or the Participant's Beneficiary, as the case may be, will have, unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement and subject to earlier termination pursuant to or as contemplated by Section 1.6 or 6.2, until 12 months after the Severance Date to exercise any Option to the extent exercisable on the Severance Date. Any Option to the extent not exercisable on the Severance Date will terminate. 2.6.3 OPTIONS - RETIREMENT. If the Participant's employment by (or specified service to) the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, terminates as a result of Retirement, the Participant, Participant's Personal Representative or the Participant's Beneficiary, as the case may be, will have, unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement and subject to earlier termination pursuant to or as contemplated by Section 1.6 or 6.2, until 12 months after the Severance Date to exercise any Nonqualified Stock Option (three months after the Severance Date if an Incentive Stock Option states it is it be retained) to the extent exercisable on 8 the Severance Date. The Option, to the extent not exercisable on the Severance Date, will terminate. 2.6.4 CERTAIN SARS. Any SAR granted concurrently or in tandem with an Option will have the same post-Severance Date provisions and exercisability periods as the Option to which it relates, unless the Committee otherwise provides. 2.6.5 OTHER AWARDS. The Committee will establish in respect of each other Award granted hereunder the Participant's rights and benefits (if any) if the Participant's employment is terminated and in so doing may make distinctions based upon the cause of termination and the nature of the Award. 2.6.6 COMMITTEE DISCRETION. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.6, in the event of, or in anticipation of, a termination of employment with the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, for any reason, other than a discharge for Cause, the Committee, by express provisions in or by amendment to the Award Agreement, may increase the portion of the Participant's Award available to the Participant, or Participant's Beneficiary or Personal Representative, as the case may be, and/or, subject to the provisions of Section 1.6, extend the exercisability period, upon such terms as the Committee deems appropriate. 2.7 OPTIONS AND RIGHTS IN SUBSTITUTION FOR STOCK OPTIONS GRANTED BY OTHER CORPORATIONS. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights may be granted to Eligible Persons under this Plan in substitution for employee stock options granted by other entities to persons who are or who will become Eligible Persons in respect of the Company, in connection with a distribution, merger or reorganization by or with the granting entity or an affiliated entity, or the acquisition by the Company, directly or indirectly, of all or a substantial part of the stock or assets of the employing entity. 3. STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS (INCLUDING LIMITED STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS) 3.1 GRANTS. The Committee may grant to any Eligible Person Stock Appreciation Rights either concurrently with the grant of another Award or in respect of an outstanding Award, in whole or in part, or independently of any other Award. Any Stock Appreciation Right granted in connection with an Incentive Stock Option will contain such terms as may be required to comply with the provisions of Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, unless the holder otherwise agrees. 3.2 EXERCISE OF STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS. 3.2.1 EXERCISABILITY. Unless the Award Agreement or the Committee otherwise provides, a Stock Appreciation Right related to another Award will be exercisable at such time or times, and to the extent, that the related Award will be exercisable. 9 3.2.2 EFFECT ON AVAILABLE SHARES. To the extent that a Stock Appreciation Right is exercised, only the actual number of delivered Shares will be charged against the maximum amount of Common Stock that may be delivered pursuant to Awards under this Plan. The number of shares subject to the Stock Appreciation Right and the related Option of the Participant will, however, be reduced by the number of underlying shares as to which the exercise related, unless the Award Agreement otherwise expressly provides. 3.2.3 STAND-ALONE SARS. A Stock Appreciation Right granted independently of any other Award will be exercisable pursuant to the terms of the Award Agreement but in no event earlier than six months after the Award Date, except in the case of death or Total Disability. 3.2.4 PROPORTIONATE REDUCTION If an SAR extends to less than all the Shares covered by the related Award and if a portion of the related Award is thereafter exercised, the number of Shares subject to the unexercised SAR shall be reduced only if and to the extent that the remaining number of Shares covered by the related Award is less than the remaining number of Shares subject to such SAR. 3.3 PAYMENT. 3.3.1 AMOUNT. Unless the Committee otherwise provides, upon exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right and the attendant surrender of an exercisable portion of any related Award, the Participant will be entitled to receive subject to Section 6.5 payment of an amount determined by multiplying (a) the difference obtained by subtracting the exercise price per Share under the related Award (if applicable) or the initial share value specified in the Award from the Fair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right, by (b) the number of Shares with respect to which the Stock Appreciation Right has been exercised. 3.3.2 FORM OF PAYMENT. The Committee, in its sole discretion, will determine the form in which payment will be made of the amount determined under Section 3.3.1 above, either solely in cash, solely in Shares (valued at Fair Market Value on the date of exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right), or partly in Shares and partly in cash, provided that the Committee has determined that such exercise and payment are consistent with applicable law. If the Committee permits the Participant to elect to receive cash or Shares (or a combination thereof) upon exercise, the election will be subject to such conditions as the Committee may impose. 3.4 LIMITED STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS. The Committee may grant to any Eligible Person Stock Appreciation Rights exercisable only upon or in respect of a change in control or any other specified event ("Limited SARs") and such Limited SARs may relate to or 10 operate in tandem or combination with or substitution for Options, other SARs or other Awards (or any combination thereof), and may be payable in cash or Shares based on the spread between the base price of the SAR and a price based upon or equal to the Fair Market Value of the Shares during a specified period or at a specified time before, after or including the date of such event. 4. RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS 4.1 GRANTS. The Committee may grant one or more Restricted Stock Awards to any Eligible Person. Each Restricted Stock Award Agreement will specify the number of Shares to be issued to the Participant, the date of such issuance, the consideration for such Shares (but not less than the minimum lawful consideration under applicable state law) payable by the Participant, the extent (if any) to which and the time (if ever) at which the Participant will be entitled to dividends, voting and other rights in respect of the Shares prior to vesting, and the restrictions (which may be based on performance criteria, passage of time or other factors or any combination thereof) imposed on such Shares and the conditions of release or lapse of such restrictions. Such restrictions will not lapse earlier than six months after the Award Date, except to the extent the Committee may otherwise expressly provide. Stock certificates evidencing shares of Restricted Stock pending the lapse of the restrictions ("Restricted Shares") will bear a legend making appropriate reference to the restrictions hereunder and will be held by the Corporation or by a third party designated by the Committee until the restrictions on such Restricted Shares have lapsed and the Restricted Shares have vested in accordance with the provisions of the Award and Section 1.7. Upon issuance of the Restricted Stock Award, the Participant may be required to provide such further assurance and documents as the Committee may require to enforce the restrictions. 4.2 RESTRICTIONS. 4.2.1 PRE-VESTING RESTRAINTS. Except as provided in Sections 4.1 and 1.9, Restricted Shares comprising any Restricted Stock Award may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of or encumbered, either voluntarily or involuntarily, until the restrictions on such Restricted Shares have lapsed and the Shares have become vested. 4.2.2 DIVIDEND AND VOTING RIGHTS. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Award Agreement, a Participant receiving a Restricted Stock Award will be entitled to cash dividend and voting rights for all Shares issued even though they are not vested, but such rights will terminate immediately as to any Restricted Shares which cease to be eligible for vesting. 4.2.3 CASH PAYMENTS. If the Participant has been paid or received cash (including any dividends) in connection with the Restricted Stock Award, the Award Agreement will specify the extent (if any) to which the cash must be returned (with or without an earnings factor) as to any Restricted Shares that cease to be eligible for vesting. 11 4.3 RETURN TO THE CORPORATION. Unless the Committee otherwise expressly provides, Restricted Shares that remain subject to restrictions as of a Severance Date with respect to the Participant or are subject to other conditions to vesting that have not been satisfied by the time specified in the applicable Award Agreement will not vest and will be returned to the Corporation in such manner and on such terms as set forth in the Award Agreement or as the Committee otherwise expressly provides. 5. PERFORMANCE SHARE AWARDS; STOCK UNITS; STOCK BONUSES 5.1 GRANTS OF PERFORMANCE SHARE AWARDS. The Committee may grant Performance Share Awards to Eligible Employees based upon such factors as the Committee deems relevant in light of the specific type and terms of the award. An Award Agreement will specify the maximum number of Shares (if any) subject to the Performance Share Award, the consideration (but not less than the minimum lawful consideration) to be paid for any such Shares as may be issuable to the Participant, the duration of the Award and the conditions upon which delivery of any Shares or cash to the Participant will be based. The amount of cash or Shares or other property that may be deliverable pursuant to such Award will be based upon the degree of attainment over a specified period of not more than 10 years (a "performance cycle") as may be established by the Committee of such measure(s) of the performance of the Company (or any part thereof) or the Participant as may be established by the Committee. The Committee may provide for full or partial credit, prior to completion of such performance cycle or the attainment of the performance achievement specified in the Award, in the event of the Participant's death, Retirement, or Total Disability, a Change in Control Event or in such other circumstances as the Committee (consistent with Section 6.10.3(b), if applicable) may determine. 5.2 SPECIAL PERFORMANCE-BASED SHARE AWARDS. Options or SAR's granted with an exercise price not less than Fair Market Value at the applicable date of grant for Section 162(m) purposes to Eligible Employees which otherwise satisfy the conditions to deductibility under Section 162(m) of the Code are deemed "Qualifying Awards". Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, and in addition to Qualifying Awards granted under other provisions of this Plan, other performance-based awards within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code ("Performance-Based Awards"), whether in the form of restricted stock, performance stock, phantom stock or other rights, the vesting of which depends on the performance of the Company on a consolidated, segment, subsidiary, or division basis, with reference to revenue growth, net earnings (before or after taxes or before or after taxes, interest, depreciation, and/or amortization), cash flow, return on equity, return on assets or return on net investment, or cost containment or reduction, or any combination thereof (the "business criteria") relative to preestablished performance goals, may be granted under this Plan. To the extent so applicable, these terms are used as applied under generally accepted accounting principles and in the Company's financial reporting. The applicable business criterion or criteria and the specific performance goals must be approved by the Committee in advance of any applicable deadlines under the Code and while the performance relating to such goals remains substantially uncertain. The applicable performance measurement period may be not less than one (except as provided in Section 1.6) nor more than 10 years. Other types of performance and non-performance awards may also be granted under the other provisions of this Plan. The 12 following provisions relate to all Performance-Based Awards (other than Qualifying Awards) granted under this Plan: 5.2.1 ELIGIBLE CLASS. The eligible class of persons for Awards under this Section is executive officers of the Corporation. 5.2.2 MAXIMUM AWARD. Subject to Section 1.4.2, in no event will grants in any calendar year to any one individual under this Section 5.2 relate to more than 250,000 shares or, (if payable solely in cash) a cash amount of more than $1,000,000. 5.2.3 COMMITTEE CERTIFICATION. To the extent required by Section 162(m), before any Performance-Based Award under this Section 5.2 is paid, the Committee must certify that the material terms of the Performance-Based Award were satisfied. 5.2.4 TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF AWARDS. The Committee will have discretion to determine the restrictions or other limitations of the individual Awards under this Section 5.2 (including the authority to reduce Awards, payouts or vesting or to pay no Awards, in its sole discretion, if the Committee preserves such authority at the time of grant by language to this effect in its authorizing resolutions or otherwise). 5.2.5 STOCK PAYOUT FEATURES. In lieu of cash payment of an Award, the Committee may require or allow all or a portion of the Award to be paid in the form of Shares, Restricted Shares, an Option, or another Award. 5.2.6 ADJUSTMENTS FOR MATERIAL CHANGES. Performance goals or other features of an Award under this Section 5.2 may provide that they (a) shall be adjusted to reflect a change in corporate capitalization, a corporate transaction (such as a reorganization, combination, separation, or merger) or a complete or partial corporate liquidation, or (b) shall be calculated either without regard for or to reflect any change in accounting policies or practices affecting the Company and/or the business criteria or performance goals or targets, or (c) shall be adjusted for any other circumstance or event, or (d) any combination of (a) through (c), but only to the extent in each case that such adjustment or determination in respect of Performance-Based Awards would be consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) to qualify as performance-based compensation. 5.3 GRANTS OF STOCK BONUSES. The Committee may grant a Stock Bonus to any Eligible Person to reward exceptional or special services, contributions or achievements in the manner and on such terms and conditions (including any restrictions on such Shares) as determined from time to time by the Committee. The number of Shares so awarded will be determined by the Committee. The Award may be granted independently or in lieu of a cash bonus. 13 5.4 DEFERRED PAYMENTS; STOCK UNITS. The Committee may authorize for the benefit of any Eligible Person the deferral of any payment of cash or Shares that may otherwise become due or of cash otherwise payable under this Plan or otherwise, in the form of stock units payable in cash or Shares or by other means, and may provide for accretion thereof based upon such deferment, at the election or at the request of the Participant, subject to any other applicable terms of this Plan. Such deferral will be subject to such further conditions, restrictions or requirements as the Committee may impose, subject to any then vested rights of Participants. 5.5 CASH BONUS AWARDS. 5.5.1 PERFORMANCE GOALS. The Committee may establish a program of annual incentive awards that are payable in cash to Eligible Persons based upon the extent to which performance goals are met during the performance period. The performance goals may depend upon the performance of the Company on a consolidated, subsidiary division basis with reference to revenues, net earnings (before or after interest, taxes, depreciation, or amortization), cash flow, return on equity or on assets or net investment, cost containment or reduction, or achievement of strategic goals (or any combination of such factors). In addition, the award may depend upon the Eligible Employee's individual performance. 5.6 ALTERNATIVE PAYMENTS. In lieu of cash payment of an Award, the Committee may require or allow all or a portion of the Award to be paid or credited in the form of Shares, Restricted Shares, an Option or other Award. 6. OTHER PROVISIONS 6.1 RIGHTS OF ELIGIBLE PERSONS, PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES. 6.1.1 EMPLOYMENT STATUS. Status as an Eligible Person will not be construed as a commitment that any Award will be made under this Plan to an Eligible Person or to Eligible Persons generally. 6.1.2 NO EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT. Nothing contained in this Plan (or in any other documents related to this Plan or to any Award) will confer upon any Eligible Person or other Participant any right to continue in the employ or other service of the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, or constitute any management or other contract or agreement of employment or other service, nor will interfere in any way with the right of the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, to otherwise change a person's compensation or other benefits or to terminate the employment or service of such person, with or without cause. This Plan or any related document will not, however, adversely affect any independent contractual right of such person without the Participant's consent. 6.1.3 PLAN NOT FUNDED. Awards payable under this Plan will be payable in Shares or from the general assets of the Corporation, and (except as provided in Section 1.4.3) no special or separate reserve, fund or deposit will be made to 14 assure payment of such Awards. No Participant, Beneficiary or other person will have any right, title or interest in any fund or in any specific asset (including Shares) of the Company by reason of any Award hereunder. Neither the provisions of this Plan (or of any related documents), nor the creation or adoption of this Plan, nor any action taken pursuant to the provisions of this Plan will create, or be construed to create, a trust of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Participant, Beneficiary or other person. To the extent that a Participant, Beneficiary or other person acquires a right to receive payment pursuant to any Award hereunder, such right will be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Company. 6.2 ADJUSTMENTS; ACCELERATION. 6.2.1 ADJUSTMENTS. The following provisions will apply in the case of (i) any extraordinary dividend or other extraordinary distribution occurs in respect of the Common Stock (whether in the form of cash, Common Stock, other securities, or other property), (ii) any reclassification, recapitalization, stock split (including a stock split in the form of a stock dividend), or reverse stock split, (iii) any reorganization, merger, combination, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, material repurchase or exchange of Common Stock or other securities of the Corporation, (iv) any similar, unusual or extraordinary corporate transaction (or event in respect of the Common Stock) or (v) a sale of substantially all the assets of the Corporation as an entirety. In such event, the Committee will, in such manner and to such extent (if any) as it deems appropriate and equitable: (a) (i) proportionately adjust any or all of (1) the number and type of Shares (or other securities) that thereafter may be made the subject of Awards (including the specific maximum and numbers of shares set forth elsewhere in this Plan), (2) the number, amount and type of Shares (or other securities or property) subject to any or all outstanding Awards, (3) the grant, purchase, or exercise price of any or all outstanding Awards, (4) the securities, cash or other property deliverable upon exercise of any outstanding Awards, or (5) the performance standards appropriate to any outstanding Awards, or (ii) in the case of an extraordinary dividend or other distribution, recapitalization, reclassification, merger, reorganization, consolidation, combination, sale of assets, split up, exchange, or spin off, make provision for a cash payment or for the substitution or exchange of any or all outstanding Awards or the cash, securities or property deliverable to the holder of any or all outstanding Awards based upon the distribution or consideration payable to holders of the Common Stock of the Corporation upon or in respect of such event. (c) In each case, with respect to Awards of Incentive Stock Options, no such adjustment will be made that would cause the Plan to violate 15 Section 424(a) of the Code or any successor provisions without the written consent of holders materially adversely affected thereby. (d) In any of such events, the Committee may take such action sufficiently prior to such event if necessary to permit the Participant to realize the benefits intended to be conveyed with respect to the underlying shares in the same manner as is available to stockholders generally. 6.2.2 ACCELERATION OF AWARDS UPON CHANGE IN CONTROL. Unless prior to a Change in Control Event the Committee determines that, upon its occurrence, benefits under any or all Awards will not accelerate or determines that only certain or limited benefits under any or all Awards will be accelerated and the extent to which they will be accelerated, and/or establishes a different time in respect of such Event for such acceleration, then upon the occurrence of a Change in Control Event (a) each Option and Stock Appreciation Right will become immediately exercisable, (b) Restricted Stock will immediately vest free of restrictions, and (c) each Performance Share Award will become payable to the Participant. However, in the case of a transaction intended to be accounted for as a pooling of interests transaction, the Committee shall have no discretion with respect to the foregoing acceleration of Awards. The Committee may override the limitations on acceleration in this Section 6.2.2 by express provision in the Award Agreement and may accord any Eligible Person a right to refuse any acceleration, whether pursuant to the Award Agreement or otherwise, in such circumstances as the Committee may approve. Any acceleration of Awards will comply with applicable legal requirements and, if the circumstances require, may be deemed by the Committee to occur an instant before the event. 6.2.3 POSSIBLE EARLY TERMINATION OF ACCELERATED AWARDS. If any Option or other right to acquire Shares under this Plan (other than under Section 8) has been fully accelerated as required or permitted by Section 6.2.2 but is not exercised at or prior to (a) a dissolution of the Corporation, or (b) an event described in Section 6.2.1 that the Corporation does not survive, or (c) the consummation of an event described in Section 6.1 involving a Change of Control approved by the Board, the Option or right will terminate, subject to any provision that has been expressly made by the Committee through a plan of reorganization approved by the Board or otherwise for the survival, substitution, assumption, exchange or other settlement of the Option or right. 6.2.4 GOLDEN PARACHUTE LIMITATIONS. Unless otherwise specified in an Award Agreement or expressly approved by the Committee, no Award will be accelerated under this Plan to an extent or in a manner that would not be fully 16 deductible by the Company for federal income tax purposes because of Section 280G of the Code, nor will any payment hereunder be accelerated if any portion of such accelerated payment would not be deductible by the Company because of Section 280G of the Code. If a holder would be entitled to benefits or payments hereunder and under any other plan or program that would constitute "parachute payments" as defined in Section 280G of the Code, then the holder may by written notice to the Company designate the order in which such parachute payments will be reduced or modified so that the Company is not denied federal income tax deductions for any "parachute payments" because of Section 280G of the Code. 6.3 EFFECT OF TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. The Committee will establish in respect of each Award granted to an Eligible Person the effect of a termination of employment or service on the rights and benefits thereunder and in so doing may make distinctions based upon the cause of termination. 6.4 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. 6.4.1 GENERAL. This Plan, the granting, vesting and exercise of Awards under this Plan and the offer, issuance and delivery of Shares and/or the payment of money under this Plan or under Awards granted hereunder are subject to compliance with all applicable federal and state laws, rules and regulations (including but not limited to state and federal securities law, federal margin requirements) and to such approvals by any listing, regulatory or governmental authority as may, in the opinion of counsel for the Corporation, be necessary or advisable in connection therewith. Any securities delivered under this Plan will be subject to such restrictions, and to any restrictions the Committee may require to preserve a pooling of interests under generally accepted accounting principles, and the person acquiring such securities will, if requested by the Corporation, provide such assurances and representations to the Corporation as the Corporation may deem necessary or desirable, to assure compliance with all applicable legal requirements. 6.4.2 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER. If the offer or sale of any Shares under the Plan is not registered under the Securities Act, but an exemption is available which requires an investment representation or other representation, each Participant will be required to represent that the Shares are being acquired for investment, and not with a view to the sale or distribution thereof, and to make such other representations as are deemed necessary or appropriate in the opinion of the Committee and the Corporation's counsel. Any determination by the Corporation and its counsel in connection with any other the matters set forth in this Section 6.4 will be conclusive and binding on all persons. Stock certificates evidencing Shares acquired under the Plan pursuant to an unregistered transaction will bear the following restrictive legend and such other restrictive legends as are required or deemed advisable under the provisions of any applicable law: 17 "THE SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "ACT"). ANY TRANSFER OF SUCH SECURITIES WILL BE INVALID UNLESS A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE ACT IS IN EFFECT AS TO SUCH TRANSFER OR IN THE OPINION OF COUNSEL FOR THE ISSUER SUCH REGISTRATION IS UNNECESSARY IN ORDER FOR SUCH TRANSFER TO COMPLY WITH THE ACT." If, in the opinion of the Corporation and its counsel, any legend placed on a stock certificate representing Shares sold under the Plan is no longer required, the holder of such certificate may exchange such certificate for a certificate representing the same number of Shares without such legend. 6.5 TAX WITHHOLDING. 6.5.1 PROVISION FOR TAX WITHHOLDING OFFSET. Upon any exercise, vesting, or payment of any Award or upon the disposition of Shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Incentive Stock Option prior to satisfaction of the holding period requirements of Section 422 of the Code, the Company shall have the right at its option to (a) require the Participant (or Personal Representative or Beneficiary, as the case may be) to pay or provide for payment of the amount of any taxes which the Company may be required to withhold with respect to such Award event or payment or (b) deduct from any amount payable in cash the amount of any taxes which the Company may be required to withhold with respect to such cash payment. In any case where a tax is required to be withheld in connection with the delivery of Shares under this Plan, the Committee may in its sole discretion (subject to Section 6.4) grant (either at the time of the Award or thereafter) to the Participant the right to elect, pursuant to such rules and subject to such conditions as the Committee may establish, to have the Corporation reduce the number of Shares to be delivered by (or otherwise reacquire) the appropriate number of Shares valued at their then Fair Market Value, to satisfy such withholding obligation. 6.5.2 TAX LOANS. If so provided in the Award Agreement, the Company may, to the extent permitted by law, authorize a loan to an Eligible Person in the amount of any taxes that the Company may be required to withhold with respect to Shares received (or disposed of, as the case may be) pursuant to a transaction described in Section 6.5.1. Such a loan will be for a term, at a rate of interest and pursuant to such other terms and conditions as the Company, under applicable law may establish and such loan need not comply with the provisions of Section 1.8. 6.6 PLAN AMENDMENT, TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION. 6.6.1 BOARD AUTHORIZATION. The Board may, at any time, terminate or, from time to time, amend, modify or suspend this Plan, in whole or in part. No Awards may be 18 granted during any suspension of this Plan or after termination of this Plan, but the Committee will retain jurisdiction as to Awards then outstanding in accordance with the terms of this Plan. 6.6.2 STOCKHOLDER APPROVAL. To the extent then required under Sections 422 and 424 of the Code or any other applicable law, or deemed necessary or advisable by the Board, any amendment to this Plan shall be subject to stockholder approval. 6.6.3 AMENDMENTS TO AWARDS. Without limiting any other express authority of the Committee under but subject to the express limits of this Plan, the Committee by agreement or resolution may waive conditions of or limitations on Awards to Participants that the Committee in the prior exercise of its discretion has imposed, without the consent of a Participant, and may make other changes to the terms and conditions of Awards that do not affect in any manner materially adverse to the Participant, the Participant's rights and benefits under an Award. 6.6.4 LIMITATIONS ON AMENDMENTS TO PLAN AND AWARDS. No amendment, suspension or termination of this Plan or change of or affecting any outstanding Award will, without written consent of the Participant, affect in any manner materially adverse to the Participant any rights or benefits of the Participant or obligations of the Corporation under any Award granted under this Plan prior to the effective date of such change. Changes contemplated by Section 6.2 will not be deemed to constitute changes or amendments for purposes of this Section 6.6. 6.7 PRIVILEGES OF STOCK OWNERSHIP. Except as otherwise expressly authorized by the Committee or this Plan, a Participant will not be entitled to any privilege of stock ownership as to any Shares not actually delivered to and held of record by the Participant. No adjustment will be made for dividends or other rights as a stockholder for which a record date is prior to such date of delivery. 6.8 EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE PLAN. This Plan is effective as of December 3, 1997 (the "Effective Date"). The Plan was approved by the Corporation's stockholder(s) on October 17, 1997. 6.9 TERM OF THE PLAN. No Award may be granted under this Plan more than ten years after the Effective Date (the "termination date"). Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Plan or in an applicable Award Agreement, any Award granted prior to the termination date may extend beyond such date, and all authority of the Committee with respect to Awards hereunder, including the authority to amend an Award, will continue during any suspension of this Plan and in respect of Awards outstanding on the termination date. 6.10 GOVERNING LAW/CONSTRUCTION/SEVERABILITY. 6.10.1 CHOICE OF LAW. This Plan, the Awards, all documents evidencing Awards and all other related documents will be governed by, and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California. 19 6.10.2 SEVERABILITY. If a court of competent jurisdiction holds any provision invalid and unenforceable, the remaining provisions of this Plan will continue in effect. 6.10.3 PLAN CONSTRUCTION. (a) RULE 16B-3. It is the intent of the Corporation that the Awards hereunder satisfy and be interpreted in a manner that, in the case of Participants who are or may be subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, satisfies the applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3 so that such persons (unless they otherwise agree) will be entitled to the benefits of Rule 16b-3 or other exemptive rules under Section 16 of the Exchange Act in respect of those transactions and will not be subjected to avoidable liability thereunder. If any provision of this Plan or of any Award would otherwise frustrate or conflict with the intent expressed above, that provision to the extent reasonable will be interpreted as to avoid such conflict. If the conflict remains irreconcilable, the Committee may disregard the provision if it concludes that to do so furthers the interest of the Corporation, is fair to the affected Participant and is consistent with the purposes of this Plan as to such persons in the circumstances. (b) SECTION 162(M). It is the further intent of the Company that, to the extent the Corporation or Awards under this Plan may be or become subject to Section 162(m), Options or SARs with an exercise or base price not less than Fair Market Value on the date of grant and performance awards under Section 5.2 of this Plan that are granted to or held by a person subject to Section 162(m) of the Code will qualify as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, and this Plan will be interpreted consistent with such intent. 6.11 CAPTIONS. Captions and headings are given to the sections and subsections of this Plan solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings will not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of this Plan or any provision thereof. 6.12 EFFECT OF CHANGE OF SUBSIDIARY STATUS. For purposes of this Plan and any Award hereunder, if an entity ceases to be a Subsidiary a termination of employment and service will be deemed to have occurred with respect to each Eligible Person in respect of such Subsidiary who does not continue as an Eligible Person in respect of another entity within the Company. 6.13 NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF PLAN. Nothing in this Plan will limit or be deemed to limit the authority of the Board or the Committee to grant awards or authorize any other compensation, with or without reference to the Common Stock, under any other plan or authority. 20 7. DEFINITIONS "AWARD" means an award of any Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock, Stock Bonus, performance share award, stock unit, dividend equivalent or deferred payment right or other right or security that would constitute a "derivative security" under Rule 16a-1(c) of the Exchange Act, or any combination thereof, whether alternative or cumulative, authorized by and granted under this Plan. "AWARD AGREEMENT" means any writing setting forth the terms of an Award that has been authorized by the Committee. "AWARD DATE" means the date upon which the Committee took the action granting an Award or such later date as the Committee designates as the Award Date at the time of the Award or, in the case of Awards under Section 8, the applicable dates set forth therein. "AWARD PERIOD" means the period beginning on an Award Date and ending on the expiration date of such Award. "BENEFICIARY" means the person, persons, trust or trusts designated by a Participant or, in the absence of a designation, entitled by will or the laws of descent and distribution, to receive the benefits specified in the Award Agreement and under this Plan if the Participant dies, and means the Participant's executor or administrator if no other Beneficiary is designated and able to act under the circumstances. "BOARD" means the Board of Directors of the Corporation. "CHANGE IN CONTROL EVENT" means any of the following: (a) Approval by the stockholders of the Corporation of the dissolution or liquidation of the Corporation; (b) Approval by the stockholders of the Corporation of an agreement to merge or consolidate, or otherwise reorganize, with or into one or more entities that are not Subsidiaries or other affiliates, as a result of which less than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the surviving or resulting entity immediately after the reorganization are, or will be, owned, directly or indirectly, by stockholders of the Corporation immediately before such reorganization (assuming for purposes of such determination that there is no change in the record ownership of the Corporation's securities from the record date for such approval until such reorganization and that such record owners hold no securities of the other parties to such reorganization), but including in such determination any securities of the other parties to such reorganization held by affiliates of the Corporation); (c) Approval by the stockholders of the Corporation of the sale of substantially all of the Corporation's business and/or assets as an entity to a person or entity that is not a Subsidiary or other affiliate; or; 21 (d) Any "person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act but excluding any person described in and satisfying the conditions of Rule 13d-1(b)(1) thereunder) becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Corporation's then outstanding securities entitled to then vote generally in the election of directors of the Corporation; or (e) During any period not longer than two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board cease to constitute at least a majority thereof, unless the election, or the nomination for election by the Corporation's stockholders, of each new Board member was approved by a vote of at least three-fourths of the Board members then still in office who were Board members at the beginning of such period (including for these purposes, new members whose election or nomination was so approved). "CODE" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time. "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. "COMMITTEE" means one or more committees appointed by the Board to administer this Plan, each of which will be comprised of two or more directors meeting such criteria as the Board may establish from time to time in order to satisfy any applicable legal or regulatory requirements. "COMMON STOCK" means the Common Stock of the Corporation and such other securities or property as may become the subject of Awards, or become subject to Awards, pursuant to an adjustment made under Section 6.2 of this Plan. "COMPANY" means, collectively, the Corporation and its Subsidiaries. "CORPORATION" means Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its successors. "ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE" means an officer (whether or not a director) or employee of the Company. "ELIGIBLE PERSON" means an Eligible Employee, or any Other Eligible Person, as determined by the Committee. "EXCHANGE ACT" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time. "FAIR MARKET VALUE" on any date means (a) if the stock is listed or admitted to trade on a national securities exchange, the closing price of the stock on the Composite Tape, as published in the Western Edition of The Wall Street Journal, of the principal national securities exchange on which the stock is so listed or admitted to trade, on such date, or, if there is no trading of the stock on such date, then the closing price of the stock as quoted on such Composite Tape on the 22 next preceding date on which there was trading in such shares; (b) if the stock is not listed or admitted to trade on a national securities exchange, the last price for the stock on such date, as furnished by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD") through the NASDAQ National Market Reporting System or a similar organization if the NASD is no longer reporting such information; (c) if the stock is not listed or admitted to trade on a national securities exchange and is not reported on the National Market Reporting System, the mean between the bid and asked price for the stock on such date, as furnished by the NASD or a similar organization; or (d) if the stock is not listed or admitted to trade on a national securities exchange, is not reported on the National Market Reporting System and if bid and asked prices for the stock are not furnished by the NASD or a similar organization, the value as established by the Committee at such time for purposes of this Plan. "INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION" means an Option that is designated and intended as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, the award of that contains such provisions (including but not limited to the receipt of stockholder approval of this Plan, if the award is made prior to such approval) and is made under such circumstances and to such persons as may be necessary to comply with that section. "INITIAL AWARDS" means the Options granted immediately prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement relating to the Corporation's initial public offering, which Options are granted to officers and employees of the Corporation and the Manager and which are exercisable for an aggregate of 300,000 shares of Common Stock. "MANAGER" means TCW Investment Management Company. "NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION" means an Option that is designated as a Nonqualified Stock Option and will include any Option intended as an Incentive Stock Option that fails to meet the applicable legal requirements thereof. Any Option granted hereunder that is not designated as an incentive stock option will be deemed to be designated a nonqualified stock option under this Plan and not an incentive stock option under the Code. "NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR" means a member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation who is not an officer or employee of the Company. For purposes of this Plan, the Chairman of the Board will be deemed an officer of the Company. "OPTION" means an option to purchase Common Stock granted under this Plan. The Committee will designate any Option granted to an Eligible Person as a Nonqualified Stock Option or an Incentive Stock Option. "OTHER ELIGIBLE PERSON" means any Non-Employee Director, the Manager, any director, officer or employee of the Manager, or any other individual consultant or advisor who renders or has rendered BONA FIDE services (other than services in connection with the offering or sale of 23 securities of the Company in a capital raising transaction) to the Company. A non-employee providing BONA FIDE services to the Company may only be selected as an Other Eligible Person if such person's participation in this Plan would not adversely affect (a) the Corporation's eligibility to use Form S-8 or Form S-3 to register under the Securities Act the offering of shares issuable under this Plan by the Company or (b) the Corporation's compliance with any other applicable laws; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, in the case of clause (a) above, such person may be selected as an Other Eligible Person if the Committee determines that the offering and issuance of Shares to such person in the circumstances satisfies the requirements of any applicable exemption from registration under federal and state securities laws and regulations. "PARTICIPANT" means an Eligible Person who has been granted an Award under this Plan and a Non-Employee Director who has been received an Award under Section 8 of this Plan. "PERFORMANCE SHARE AWARD" means an Award of a right to receive Shares under Section 5.1, or to receive Shares or other compensation (including cash) under Section 5.2, the issuance or payment of that is contingent upon, among other conditions, the attainment of performance objectives specified by the Committee. "PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE" means the person or persons who, upon the disability or incompetence of a Participant, has acquired on behalf of the Participant, by legal proceeding or otherwise, the power to exercise the rights or receive benefits under this Plan by virtue of having become the legal representative of the Participant. "PLAN" means this Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc. Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended from time to time. "QDRO" means a qualified domestic relations order. "RESTRICTED SHARES" or "Restricted Stock" means Shares awarded to a Participant under this Plan, subject to payment of such consideration, if any, and such conditions on vesting (which may include, among others, the passage of time, specified performance objectives or other factors) and such transfer and other restrictions as are established in or pursuant to this Plan and the related Award Agreement, for so long as such Shares remain unvested under the terms of the applicable Award Agreement. "RETIREMENT" means retirement with the consent of the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, or, from active service as an employee or officer of the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, on or after attaining age 55 with ten or more years of service or age 65, or, in the case of a Non-Employee Director, retirement or failure to stand for reelection, with the consent of the Board of Directors, on or after age 55 with ten or more years of service, or in any case after age 65. 24 "RULE 16B-3" means Rule 16b-3 as promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act, as amended from time to time. "SECURITIES ACT" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time. "STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHT" or "SAR" means a right authorized under this Plan to receive a number of Shares or an amount of cash, or a combination of Shares and cash, the aggregate amount or value of which is determined by reference to a change in the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock. "STOCK BONUS" means an Award of Shares granted under this Plan for no consideration other than past services and without restriction other than such transfer or other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable to assure compliance with law. "STOCK UNIT" means a bookkeeping entry which serves a unit of measurement relative to a Share for purposes of determining the payment of a deferred benefit or right under the Plan. "SUBSIDIARY" means any corporation or other entity a majority of whose outstanding voting stock or voting power is beneficially owned directly or indirectly by the Corporation. "TOTAL DISABILITY" means a disability where Participant is unable to effectively engage in the material activities required for Participant's position with the Company or the Manager, as the case may be, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for a period of 90 consecutive days or for shorter periods aggregating 180 days in any consecutive 12 month period. 8. NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR OPTIONS 8.1 PARTICIPATION. Awards under this Section 8 will be made only to Non-Employee Directors and will be evidenced by Award Agreements in the form adopted by the Committee. 8.2 OPTION GRANTS. 8.2.1 TIME OF INITIAL AWARD. After approval of this Plan by the stockholder(s) of the Corporation, and upon the closing of the Corporation's initial public offering, each person who is then a Non-Employee Director will automatically be granted (without any action by the Board or Committee) a Non-qualified Stock Option (the Award Date of which will be the date of the closing of such initial public offering) to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock at the price that the Corporations Common Stock is offered in such initial public offering. 25 8.2.2 SUBSEQUENT AUTOMATIC AWARDS. If any person who is not then an officer or employee of the Company becomes a director of the Corporation, such person will automatically be granted (without any action by the Board or Committee) a Non-qualified Stock Option (the Award Date of which will be the date such person takes office) to purchase 25,000 Shares. 8.2.3 SUBSEQUENT DISCRETIONARY AWARDS. The Committee shall have the authority to grant additional Options to Non-Employee Directors from time to time; provided, however that no more than 50,000 shares, subject to adjustment as contemplated by Section 6.2, in the aggregate, shall be subject to Options made to any one Non-Employee Director under this Section 8.2 and provided further that any such discretionary Option shall be subject to contemporaneous approval or ratification by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors and a majority of the Directors who are not recipients of such grants. 8.3 OPTION PRICE. The purchase price per share of the Common Stock covered by each Option granted pursuant to Section 8.2.2 or Section 8.2.3 will be 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the Award Date. The exercise price of any Option granted under this Section will be paid in full at the time of each purchase in cash or by check or in Shares valued at the Fair Market Value on the date of exercise of the Option, or partly in such shares and partly in cash, but any such shares used in payment must be owned by the Participant at least six months prior to the date of exercise. Any notice and third party cashless exercise payment procedures authorized by the Committee with respect to Options under Section 2 may be utilized with respect to Options granted under Section 8.2 unless the Committee or applicable law otherwise provide. 8.4 OPTION PERIOD AND EXERCISABILITY. Each Option granted under this Section 8 and all rights or obligations thereunder will expire on the day before the 10th anniversary of the Award Date and will be subject to earlier termination as provided below. Each Option granted under Section 8.2 shall become exercisable no earlier than six months after the Award Date. Unless the Board or Committee otherwise provides in the applicable Award Agreement, an Option will vest as follows: one-third on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. 8.5 TERMINATION OF DIRECTORSHIP. If a Non-Employee Director's services as a member of the Board of Directors terminate by reason of death, Total Disability or Retirement, an Option granted pursuant to this Section 8 held by such Participant will immediately become and will remain exercisable for nine months after the date of such termination or until the expiration of the stated term of such Option, whichever first occurs. If a Non-Employee Director's services as a member of the Board of Directors terminate for any other reason, any portion of an Option granted pursuant to this Section that is not then exercisable will terminate and any portion of such Option that is then exercisable may be exercised for six months after the date of such termination or until the expiration of the stated term whichever first occurs. 8.6 ADJUSTMENTS; ACCELERATIONS; TERMINATIONS. Options granted under this Section 8 will be subject to adjustments, accelerations and terminations as provided in Section 6.2, but 26 only to the extent that in the case of a Change in Control Event such effect and any Board or Committee action in respect thereof is effected pursuant to the terms of a reorganization agreement approved by stockholders of the Corporation or is otherwise consistent with the effect on Options held by persons other than executive officers or directors of the Corporation (or, if there are none, consistent in respect of the underlying shares with the effect on stockholders generally). 8.7 ACCELERATION UPON A CHANGE IN CONTROL EVENT. Upon the occurrence of a Change in Control Event and acceleration under Section 6.2.2, each Option granted under Section 8.2 hereof will become immediately exercisable in full. To the extent that any Option granted under this Section 8 is not exercised prior to (a) a dissolution of the Corporation or (b) a merger or other corporate event that the Corporation does not survive, and no provision is (or consistent with the provisions of this Plan can be) made for the assumption, conversion, substitution or exchange of the Option, the Option will terminate upon the occurrence of such event. 27
EX-24.1-1 4 EXHIBIT 24.1.1 EXHIBIT 24.1.1 POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, John C. Argue, constitute and appoint Philip A. Barach and Daniel K. Osborne, and each of them, as my true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any Form 10-K or Form 10-Q of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing in as I might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. /s/ John C. Argue - ----------------- John C. Argue POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, Peter G. Allen, constitute and appoint Philip A. Barach and Daniel K. Osborne, and each of them, as my true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any Form 10-K or Form 10-Q of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing in as I might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. /s/ Peter G. Allen - ------------------ Peter G. Allen POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, John A. Gavin, constitute and appoint Philip A. Barach and Daniel K. Osborne, and each of them, as my true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any Form 10-K or Form 10-Q of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing in as I might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. /s/ John A. Gavin - ----------------- John A. Gavin POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, Carl C. Gregory III, constitute and appoint Philip A. Barach and Daniel K. Osborne, and each of them, as my true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any Form 10-K or Form 10-Q of Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing in as I might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. /s/ Carl C. Gregory - ------------------- Carl C. Gregory III EX-27 5 EXHIBIT-27
5 THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE REGISTRANT AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS OF THE REGISTRANT FOR THE PERIOD FROM JANUARY 1, 1998 TO DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 1,000 YEAR DEC-31-1998 JAN-01-1998 DEC-31-1998 12,679 846,134 6,088 0 0 577 0 0 865,478 777,448 0 0 0 67 87,963 865,478 0 43,658 0 0 2,104 0 36,007 5,547 0 5,547 0 0 0 5,547 0.90 0.90
-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----