424B5 1 tm2325339d54_424b5.htm 424B5

 

Product Supplement No. EQUITY CYN-1 Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
(To Prospectus dated September 5, 2023 Registration No. 333-272447
and Prospectus Supplement dated September 5, 2023)  
September 12, 2023  

 

 

 

Callable Yield Notes Linked to One or More Equity Indices or Exchange Traded Funds

 

·The notes are unsecured senior notes issued by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (the “Issuer”). Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, will be subject to the credit risk of the Issuer.

 

·The return on the notes will be based on the performance of an underlying “Market Measure,” which will be an equity index (an “Index”), an exchange traded fund (an “ETF” or “Underlying Fund”), a basket of the foregoing or the worst-performing of any of the foregoing.

 

·The notes will either be callable by the Issuer prior to maturity (“Issuer Callable Notes”) or automatically callable prior to maturity (“Autocallable Notes”). If the notes are called, the “Call Payment” will be paid on the applicable “Call Payment Date” (each as defined in “Summary—Call Feature”) and the notes will cease to be outstanding.

 

·The notes will pay coupons on either a contingent or fixed basis.

 

·The notes do not guarantee the return of principal at maturity. If the notes are not called, at maturity, you will receive a cash payment per unit (the “Redemption Amount”), which will be calculated based on the performance of the Market Measure. You will be exposed to any negative performance of the Market Measure on a 1-to-1 basis unless the notes provide for a “Buffer” or “Barrier” (as further described in “Summary”), in which case you will be afforded limited protection against the downside performance of the Market Measure. Such Buffer or Barrier will be indicated by a ‘Threshold Value”, which will be a percentage of the Starting Value (as defined in “Summary”). At maturity, if the Ending Value (as defined in “Summary”) is less than the Starting Value (or, in the case of notes with a Buffer or Barrier, the Threshold Value), you will lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of your notes. If the Ending Value is greater than or equal to the Starting Value (or, in the case of notes with a Buffer or Barrier, the Threshold Value), in addition to any final coupon payment, if payable, you will receive the principal amount per unit.

 

·This product supplement describes the general terms of the notes, the risk factors to consider before investing, the general manner in which they may be offered and sold, and other relevant information.

 

·For each offering of the notes, we will provide you with a pricing supplement (which we refer to as a “term sheet”) that will describe the specific terms of that offering, including the specific Market Measure, the relevant Call Feature, Coupon Feature and Threshold Value, as applicable, and certain related risk factors. The applicable term sheet will identify, if applicable, any additions or changes to the terms specified in this product supplement.

 

·The notes will be issued in denominations of whole units. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, each unit will have a principal amount of $10.00. The applicable term sheet may also set forth a minimum number of units that you must purchase.

 

·Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange.

 

·BofA Securities, Inc. (“BofAS”) and one or more of its affiliates may act as our agents to offer the notes and will act in a principal capacity in such role.

 

 

The notes are unsecured and are not savings accounts or insured deposits of a bank. The notes are not insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) or any other governmental agency of the United States, Canada, or any other jurisdiction. Potential purchasers of the notes should consider the information in “Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-9 of this product supplement, page S-1 of the accompanying prospectus supplement, and page 1 of the accompanying prospectus. You may lose all or a significant portion of your investment in the notes.

 

None of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), any state securities commission, or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this product supplement, the prospectus supplement, or the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

BofA Securities

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

 

SUMMARY PS-3  
   
RISK FACTORS PS-9  
   
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES PS-24  
   
SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION PS-46  
   
CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY PS-47  
   
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY PS-47  

 

_______________

 

PS-2

 

 

 

SUMMARY

 

The information in this “Summary” section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed explanation set forth elsewhere in this product supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus, as well as the applicable term sheet. Neither we nor BofAS have authorized any other person to provide you with any information different from the information set forth in these documents. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information about the notes, you should not rely on it.

 

Key Terms:

 

General:

The notes are senior unsecured debt securities issued by Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, and are not guaranteed or insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the FDIC or any other governmental agency of the United States, Canada or any other jurisdiction, and are not, either directly or indirectly, an obligation of any third party. They rank equally with all of our other unsecured senior debt from time to time outstanding. Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, will be subject to our credit risk.

 

The return on the notes will be based on the performance of a Market Measure and there is no guaranteed return of principal at maturity. Therefore, you will lose some or all of your investment if the notes are not called prior to maturity and the value of the Market Measure decreases from the Starting Value, or the Threshold Value, if applicable, to the Ending Value.

 

Each issue of the notes will mature on the date set forth in the applicable term sheet, except under the limited circumstances as set forth below in “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds” and “—Tax Redemption.” If applicable, the notes may be called prior to maturity. You should be aware that such limited circumstances and the call feature may shorten the term of an investment in the notes, and you must be willing to accept that. In addition, the notes will pay coupons on either a contingent or fixed basis.

 

Market Measure:

The Market Measure may consist of one or more of the following:

 

●    U.S. broad-based Indices;

 

●    U.S. sector or style-based Indices;

 

●    non-U.S. or global Indices;

 

●    Underlying Funds; or

 

●    any combination of the above.

 

The Market Measure may consist of a group, or “Basket,” of the foregoing. We refer to each Index or Underlying Fund included in any Basket as a “Basket Component.” If the Market Measure includes a Basket, the Basket Components will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

 

The Market Measure may also consist of the “Worst-Performing” of two or more of any of the following types of components: Indices, ETFs and Baskets (the “Worst-Performing Market Measure”). The Worst-Performing Market Measure as of any Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date, or at maturity, as applicable, will be the Index, ETF or Basket with the lowest Observation Value or Ending Value, as applicable, as compared to its Starting Value. If your notes are linked to the Worst-Performing Market Measure, references in this product supplement to “Market

 

 

PS-3

 

 

 

  Measure” should be read as references to the applicable Worst-Performing Market Measure, and references to Starting Value, Observation Value and Ending Value should be read as references to the same term with respect to the Worst-Performing Market Measure.
   
Market Measure Performance:

The performance of an Index, ETF or Basket as of any Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date will be measured according to the percentage change of such Index, ETF or Basket from the Starting Value to the Observation Value on such Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date, as applicable. The performance of an Index, ETF or Basket at maturity will be measured according to the percentage change of such Index, ETF or Basket from the Starting Value to the Ending Value.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet:

 

In the case of an Index, the “Starting Value” will be the closing level of the Index on the date when the notes are priced for initial sale to the public (the “pricing date”).

 

In the case of an Underlying Fund, the “Starting Value” will be the Closing Market Price (as defined under “Description of the Notes— The Starting Value, the Observation Value and the Ending Value”) of the Underlying Fund on the pricing date.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Starting Value will be equal to 100. See “Description of the Notes—Baskets.”

 

In the case of an Index, the “Observation Value” will be the closing level of the Index on the relevant Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date (each as defined below).

 

In the case of an Underlying Fund, the “Observation Value” will equal the product of the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund on the relevant Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date and the Price Multiplier (defined below) on that day.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Observation Value will be determined as described in “Description of the Notes—Baskets—Observation Value or Ending Value of a Basket.”

 

In the case of an Index, the “Ending Value” will equal the average of the closing levels of the Index on each calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period.

 

In the case of an Underlying Fund, the “Ending Value” will equal the average of the products of the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund on each calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period and its Price Multiplier on that day.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Ending Value will be determined as described in “Description of the Notes—Baskets—Observation Value or Ending Value of a Basket.”

 

If a Market Disruption Event (as defined below) occurs and is continuing on a scheduled Coupon Observation Date, Call Observation Date or calculation day or if such day is a non-Market Measure Business Day, the calculation agent will determine the Observation Value or Ending Value, as applicable, as set forth in “Description of the Notes—The Starting Value, the Observation Value and the Ending Value” and “—Baskets—Observation Value or Ending Value of the Basket.” For the avoidance of doubt, if your notes are linked to more than one Index or ETF, the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day as to any Index or ETF will not impact any other Index or ETF that is not so affected.

 

Maturity Valuation Period: The period consisting of one or more calculation days shortly before the maturity date. The timing and length of the period will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

 

 

PS-4

 

 

 

Price Multiplier: Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, the “Price Multiplier” for each Underlying Fund will be 1, and will be subject to adjustment for certain events relating to that Underlying Fund described below under “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds.”
   
Call Feature:

The applicable term sheet will indicate the Call Feature applicable to the notes. The following is a summary of the Call Features we may offer on the notes:

 

●     Issuer Callable Notes: Notes which are callable by the Issuer in whole prior to maturity. To call the notes, we will distribute written notice to The Depository Trust Company of our intent to call the notes on or prior to the third business day before the applicable Call Payment Date (as defined in “Description of the Notes—Call Feature”). We or the calculation agent will have no independent obligation to notify you directly and you should expect to receive such notifications from your broker. If the notes are called, the Call Payment (as defined in “Description of the Notes—Call Feature”) will be paid on the applicable Call Payment Date and the notes will cease to be outstanding. Issuer Callable Notes will pay Contingent Coupon Payments, Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory) or Fixed Coupon Payments (each as defined below) during their term. The Issuer Callable Notes may be Buffered Notes or Barrier Notes (each as defined below).

 

●     Autocallable Notes: Notes which will be automatically called in whole prior to maturity if the Observation Value of the Market Measure is greater than or equal to its Call Value on any Call Observation Date (each as defined in “Description of the Notes—Call Feature”). If the notes are called, the Call Payment will be paid on the applicable Call Payment Date and the notes will cease to be outstanding. Autocallable Notes will pay Contingent Coupon Payments, Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory), Snowball Coupon Payments (as defined below) or Fixed Coupon Payments during their term. The Autocallable Notes may be Buffered Notes or Barrier Notes.

 

Coupon Feature:

The applicable term sheet will indicate the Coupon Feature applicable to the notes. The following is a summary of the Coupon Features we may offer on the notes:

 

●     Contingent Coupon Payments: Contingent Coupon Payments are coupons which are payable if the Observation Value of the Market Measure on the applicable Coupon Observation Date is greater than or equal to its “Coupon Barrier”, which will be a percentage of the Starting Value of the Market Measure. If a Contingent Coupon Payment is payable, it will be paid on the related Coupon Payment Date. The amount of each Contingent Coupon Payment will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

●     Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory): Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory) are coupons which are payable if the Observation Value of the Market Measure on the applicable Coupon Observation Date is greater than or equal to its Coupon Barrier. If a Contingent Coupon Payment is payable, it will be paid on the related Coupon Payment Date. If any Contingent Coupon Payment is not payable on a Coupon Payment Date because the Observation Value of the Market Measure on the applicable Coupon Observation Date is less than its Coupon Barrier, such missed Contingent Coupon Payment(s) will be payable on the next subsequent Coupon Payment Date that a Contingent Coupon Payment (with Memory) is payable with respect to such date, if any. The amount of the Contingent Coupon Payment (with Memory) applicable to a single Coupon Payment Date will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

 

PS-5

 

 

 

 

●     Snowball Coupon Payments: Snowball Coupon Payments are coupons which are payable only if the notes are automatically called. If a Snowball Coupon Payment is payable, it will be paid on the related Call Payment Date as part of the Call Payment. The amount of each Snowball Coupon Payment will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

●     Fixed Coupon Payments: Fixed Coupon Payments are coupons which are payable regardless of the performance of the Market Measure. Fixed Coupon Payments will be paid on each Coupon Payment Date. The amount of each Fixed Coupon Payment will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

We refer to Contingent Coupon Payments, Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory), Snowball Coupon Payments and Fixed Coupon Payments together as “Coupons”.

 

Buffer: The applicable term sheet may indicate that a “Buffer” is applicable to the notes, which will provide limited protection against the downside performance of the Market Measure. The extent of the Buffer will be indicated by the ‘Threshold Value”, which will be a percentage of the Starting Value of the Market Measure. We refer to notes with a Buffer as “Buffered Notes”.
   
Barrier: The applicable term sheet may indicate that a “Barrier” is applicable to the notes, which will provide limited protection against the downside performance of the Market Measure. The extent of the Barrier will be indicated by the Threshold Value. We refer to notes with a Barrier as “Barrier Notes”.
   
Redemption Amount at Maturity:

If the notes are not called, at maturity, in addition to any final Coupon, if payable, you will receive a Redemption Amount that is based on the performance of the Market Measure. Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, are subject to our credit risk as issuer of the notes. The Redemption Amount will never be less than zero.

 

The Redemption Amount will be as follows, unless the applicable term sheet indicates the notes are Buffered Notes or Barrier Notes

 

 

 

You will receive per unit:

 

 

 

You will lose some or all of the principal amount of the notes if the Ending Value is less than the Starting Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

 

PS-6

 

 

 

 

For Buffered Notes, the Redemption Amount will be calculated as follows:

 

 

 

You will receive per unit:

 

 

 

The “Buffer Rate” will either be 1 or equal the quotient of the Starting Value divided by the Threshold Value, and will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

You will lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes if the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

For Barrier Notes, the Redemption Amount will be calculated as follows:

 

 

 

You will receive per unit:

 

 

 

You will lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes if the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

Principal at Risk: You may lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes.  Further, if you sell your notes prior to maturity or a call in the secondary market (if any), you may find that the market value per note is less than the price that you paid for the notes.
   
Calculation Agent: The calculation agent will make all determinations associated with the notes. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, we will appoint BofAS or one of its affiliates to act as the calculation agent for the notes.  See “Description of the Notes—Role of the Calculation Agent.”

 

 

PS-7

 

 

 

Agents: BofAS and one or more of its affiliates will act as our agents in connection with each offering of the notes and will receive an underwriting discount based on the number of units of the notes sold.  None of the agents is your fiduciary or advisor solely as a result of the making of any offering of the notes, and you should not rely upon this product supplement, the applicable term sheet, or the accompanying prospectus or prospectus supplement as investment advice or a recommendation to purchase the notes.
   
Listing: Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange.
   
ERISA Considerations: See “Certain Considerations for U.S. Plan Investors” beginning on page 38 of the accompanying prospectus.

 

This product supplement relates only to the notes and does not relate to any Index or Underlying Fund that comprises the Market Measure described in any applicable term sheet. You should read carefully the entire prospectus, prospectus supplement and this product supplement, together with the applicable term sheet, to understand fully the terms of your notes, as well as the tax and other considerations important to you in making a decision about whether to invest in any notes. In particular, you should review carefully the sections in this product supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus entitled “Risk Factors,” which highlight a number of risks of an investment in the notes, to determine whether an investment in the notes is appropriate for you. Additional risk factors may be set forth in the applicable term sheet. If information in this product supplement is inconsistent with information in the accompanying prospectus or prospectus supplement, this product supplement will supersede those documents. However, if information in any applicable term sheet is inconsistent with information in this product supplement, that term sheet will supersede this product supplement.

 

Neither we nor any agent is making an offer to sell the notes in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Certain capitalized terms used and not defined in this product supplement have the meanings ascribed to them in the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this product supplement to “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar references are to Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.

 

You are urged to consult with your own attorneys and business and tax advisors before making a decision to purchase any notes.

 

 

PS-8

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Your investment in the notes is subject to investment risks, many of which differ from those of a conventional debt security. Your decision to purchase the notes should be made only after carefully considering the risks, including those discussed below, in light of your particular circumstances. The notes are not an appropriate investment for you if you are not knowledgeable about the material terms of the notes or investments in equity or equity-based securities in general.

 

Structure-related Risks

 

Your investment may result in a loss; there is no guaranteed return of principal. There is no fixed principal repayment amount on the notes at maturity. The return on the notes will be based on the performance of a Market Measure and therefore, you will lose some or all of your investment if the notes are not called prior to maturity and the value of the Market Measure decreases from the Starting Value to the Ending Value or, in the case of Buffered Notes or Barrier Notes, the value of the Market Measure decreases from the Starting Value to an Ending Value that is below the Threshold Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

Your investment return will be limited to the return represented by the Coupons, if any, and may be less than a comparable investment directly in the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets. Your investment return will be limited to the return represented by the Coupons, if any, paid over the term of the notes. You will not receive a payment on the notes greater than the principal amount plus any Coupons, regardless of the extent of the increase in the value of the Market Measure. In contrast, a direct investment in the Market Measure (or its underlying assets) would allow you to receive the full benefit of any appreciation in the value of the Market Measure (or those underlying assets).

 

In addition, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet and in “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds” of this product supplement, the Observation Value or the Ending Value will not reflect the value of dividends paid, or distributions made, on the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets, or any other rights associated with the Market Measure or those underlying assets. Thus, any return on the notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets.

 

Additionally, the Market Measure may consist of an Index that includes securities traded in a non-U.S. currency, and, for purposes of calculating the level of such Index, are not converted into U.S. dollars. If the value of that currency strengthens against the U.S. dollar during the term of your notes, you may not obtain the benefit of that increase, which you would have received if you had owned the securities included in such Index.

 

You may not receive any Coupons. Unless your notes provide a Coupon Feature with Fixed Coupon Payments, you will not necessarily receive any Coupons on the notes. For example, if the Coupon Feature for your notes is Contingent Coupon Payments or Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory) and the Observation Value is less than the Coupon Barrier on each Coupon Observation Date, you will not receive any coupon payments over the term of the notes. Similarly, if the Coupon Feature for your notes is Snowball Coupon Payments and the notes are not automatically called prior to maturity, you will not receive any coupon payments over the term of the notes. In these cases, you will not receive a positive return on the notes.

 

Reinvestment Risk. If the notes are called, the term of the notes will be short. In such a case, your ability to receive any Coupons over the term of the notes will be limited. There is

 

PS-9

 

 

no guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the notes are called prior to maturity.

 

Payments on the notes will not reflect changes in the value of the Market Measure other than on the Coupon Observation Dates, the Call Observation Dates or during the Maturity Valuation Period. Changes in the value of the Market Measure during the term of the notes other than on the Coupon Observation Dates, the Call Observation Dates or during the Maturity Valuation Period will not be reflected in the determinations with respect to Coupons or whether the notes will be automatically called or in the calculation of the Redemption Amount. To make these determinations and calculations, the calculation agent will refer only to the value of the Market Measure on the Coupon Observation Dates, the Call Observation Dates or the calculation days during the Maturity Valuation Period. As a result, even if the value of the Market Measure has increased at certain times during the term of the notes, you will not receive any Contingent Coupon Payments or Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory) if the Observation Value on each Coupon Observation Date is less than its Coupon Barrier, your notes will not be called if the Observation Value on each Call Observation Date is less than its Call Value, and you will receive a Redemption Amount that is less than the principal amount if the Ending Value is less than the Starting Value (or, in the case of Buffered Notes or Barrier Notes, the Threshold Value). In addition, if the Maturity Valuation Period for the notes consists of two or more scheduled calculation days, the Ending Value may be less than the value of the Market Measure on any particular calculation day.

 

A higher coupon rate or lower Coupon Barrier or Threshold Value is generally associated with a Market Measure with greater expected volatility and therefore can indicate a greater risk of loss. “Volatility” refers to the frequency and magnitude of changes in the value of the Market Measure. The greater the expected volatility with respect to the Market Measure on the pricing date, the higher the expectation as of the pricing date that the value of the Market Measure on the relevant Coupon Observation Dates, the Call Observation Dates or the calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period could close below the Starting Value, the Call Value, the Coupon Barrier or the Threshold Value, as applicable, indicating a higher expected risk of loss on the notes. This greater expected risk will generally be reflected in a higher coupon rate than the yield payable on our conventional debt securities with a similar maturity, or in more favorable terms (such as a higher coupon rate or lower Coupon Barrier or Threshold Value) than for similar securities linked to the performance of a Market Measure with a lower expected volatility as of the pricing date. You should therefore understand that a relatively higher coupon rate may indicate an increased risk of loss. Further, a relatively lower Coupon Barrier or Threshold Value may not necessarily indicate that the notes have a greater likelihood of payments of Contingent Coupon Payments during the term of the notes or repayment of principal at maturity. The volatility of the Market Measure can change significantly over the term of the notes. The value of the Market Measure for your notes could fall sharply, which could adversely affect the return on the notes.

 

If your notes are linked to a Basket, changes in the value of one or more of the Basket Components may be offset by changes in the value of one or more of the other Basket Components. The Market Measure of your notes may include a Basket. In such a case, changes in the value of one or more of the Basket Components may not correlate with changes in the value of one or more of the other Basket Components. The value of one or more Basket Components may increase, while the value of one or more of the other Basket Components may decrease or not increase as much. Therefore, in calculating the value of the Basket at any time, increases in the value of one Basket Component may be moderated or wholly offset by decreases or lesser increases in the value of one or more of the other Basket Components. If the weightings of the applicable Basket Components are not equal, adverse changes in the values of the Basket Components that are more heavily weighted could have a greater impact upon the value of the Basket and, consequently, the return on your notes.

 

PS-10

 

 

If your notes are linked to the Worst-Performing of two or more Indices, ETFs or Baskets, the notes will be subject to the risks of each Index, ETF or Basket, not a basket composed of the foregoing, and will be negatively affected if the value of any Index, ETF or Basket decreases below its Starting Value, Call Value, Coupon Barrier or Threshold Value, as applicable, even if the value of any other Index, ETF or Basket does not.  If your notes are linked to the Worst-Performing of two or more Indices, ETFs or Baskets (the “Worst-Performing Notes”), you will be subject to the risks associated with each Index, ETF or Basket. The notes will not be linked to a basket composed of the Indices, ETFs or Baskets, where the depreciation in the value of one Index, ETF or Basket could be offset to some extent by the appreciation in the value of the other Index, ETF or Basket. In this case, the individual performance of each Index, ETF or Basket would not be combined, and the depreciation in the value of one Index, ETF or Basket would not be offset by any appreciation in the value of the other Index, ETF or Basket. For example, for notes where the Coupon Feature is Contingent Coupon Payments, even if the Observation Value of an Index, ETF or Basket is at or above its Coupon Barrier on a Coupon Observation Date, you will not receive a Contingent Coupon Payment with respect to that Coupon Observation Date if the Observation Value of another Index, ETF or Basket is below its Coupon Barrier on that day. In addition, even if the Ending Value of an Index, ETF or Basket is at or above its Starting Value, you will lose a portion of your principal if the Ending Value of another Index, ETF or Basket is below its Starting Value (or, in the case of Buffered Notes or Barrier Notes, its Threshold Value). The same analysis is true with respect to all determinations to be made for the Worst-Performing Notes.

 

If your notes are Worst-Performing Notes, you will not benefit in any way from the performance of the better performing Index, ETF or Basket. If your notes are Worst-Performing Notes, the return on the notes will depend solely on the performance of the Worst-Performing Index, ETF or Basket, and you will not benefit in any way from the performance of the better performing Index, ETF or Basket. The notes may underperform a similar investment in each of the Indices, ETFs or Baskets or a similar alternative investment linked to a basket composed of the Indices, ETFs or Baskets. In either such case, the performance of the better performing Index, ETF or Basket would be blended with the performance of the Worst-Performing Index, ETF or Basket, resulting in a potentially better return than what you would receive on the notes.

 

If your notes are Worst-Performing Notes, it is more likely that you will not receive a positive return on the notes and will lose some or all of your investment. With two Indices, ETFs or Baskets, it is more likely that the value of one Index, ETF or Basket will close below its Starting Value, Call Value, Coupon Barrier or Threshold Value, as applicable, on each relevant date during the term of the notes than if the notes were linked to only one of the Indices, ETFs or Baskets. In this case, you would not receive a positive return on the notes, would lose some or all of your investment and would not benefit from the return of the other Index, ETF or Basket.

 

If your notes are Worst-Performing Notes, you will be subject to risks relating to the relationship between the Indices, ETFs or Baskets. By investing in Worst-Performing Notes, you assume the risk that the Indices, ETFs or Baskets may not exhibit a positive correlation (i.e., a tendency for their values to increase or decrease at similar times and by similar magnitudes). The less correlated the Indices, ETFs or Baskets, the more likely it is that the value of one Index, ETF or Basket will close below its Starting Value, Call Value, Coupon Barrier or Threshold Value, as applicable, on each relevant date during the term of the notes. In this case, you would not receive a positive return on the notes, would lose some or all of your investment, and the performance of the better performing Index, ETF or Basket would not be relevant to your return on the notes. It is impossible to predict what the relationship between the Indices, ETFs or Baskets will be over the term of the notes.

 

PS-11

 

 

Your return on the notes may be less than the yield on a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity. Any return that you receive on the notes may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased a conventional debt security with the same maturity date. As a result, your investment in the notes may not reflect the full opportunity cost to you when you consider factors, such as inflation, that affect the time value of money. Any Coupon payable on the notes may be less than the yield on a conventional debt security of comparable maturity.

 

Payments on the notes are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or perceived changes in our creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the notes. The notes are our senior unsecured debt securities and are not, either directly or indirectly, an obligation of any third party. As a result, your receipt of any payments on the notes is dependent upon our ability to repay our obligations on the applicable payment date, regardless of the performance of the Market Measure. No assurance can be given as to what our financial condition will be on the applicable payment date. If we become unable to meet our financial obligations as they become due, you may not receive the amounts payable under the terms of the notes.

 

In addition, our credit ratings are an assessment by ratings agencies of our ability to pay our obligations. Consequently, our perceived creditworthiness and actual or anticipated decreases in our credit ratings or increases in the spread between the yield on our securities and the yield on U.S. Treasury securities (the “credit spread”) prior to the maturity date may adversely affect the market value of the notes. However, because your return on the notes depends upon factors in addition to our ability to pay our obligations, such as the value of the Market Measure, an improvement in our credit ratings will not reduce the other investment risks related to the notes.

 

Valuation- and Market-related Risks

 

Our initial estimated value of the notes will be lower than the public offering price of the notes. The public offering price of the notes will exceed our initial estimated value because costs associated with selling and structuring the notes, as well as hedging the notes, are included in the public offering price of the notes.

 

Our initial estimated value does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others’ estimates. Our initial estimated value is only an estimate, which will be determined by reference to our internal pricing models when the terms of the notes are set. This estimated value will be based on market conditions and other relevant factors existing at that time, our internal funding rate on the pricing date and our assumptions about market parameters, which can include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors. Different pricing models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater or less than our initial estimated value. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On future dates, the market value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, including the value of the Market Measure, our creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price at which we, BofAS or any other party would be willing to buy the notes from you in any secondary market transactions. Our estimated value does not represent a minimum price at which we, BofAS or any other party would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time.

 

Our initial estimated value of the notes will not be determined by reference to credit spreads for our conventional fixed-rate debt. The internal funding rate to be used in the determination of our initial estimated value of the notes generally represents a discount from the credit spreads for our conventional fixed-rate debt. The discount is based on, among

 

PS-12

 

 

other things, our view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for our conventional fixed-rate debt. If we were to use the interest rate implied by our conventional fixed-rate debt, we would expect the economic terms of the notes to be more favorable to you. Consequently, our use of an internal funding rate for market-linked notes would have an adverse effect on the economic terms of the notes, the initial estimated value of the notes on the pricing date and any secondary market prices of the notes.

 

We cannot assure you that there will be a trading market for your notes. If a secondary market exists, we cannot predict how the notes will trade, or whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The development of a trading market for the notes will depend on various factors, including our financial performance and changes in the value of the Market Measure. The number of potential buyers of your notes in any secondary market may be limited. There is no assurance that any party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price in any secondary market.

 

We anticipate that we or one or more of the agents or our respective affiliates will act as a market-maker for the notes, but none of them is required to do so and may cease to do so at any time. Any price at which we, an agent or our respective affiliates may bid for, offer, purchase, or sell any notes may be higher or lower than the applicable public offering price, and that price may differ from the values determined by pricing models that it may use, whether as a result of dealer discounts, mark-ups, or other transaction costs. These bids, offers, or transactions may adversely affect the prices, if any, at which the notes might otherwise trade in the market. In addition, if at any time any entity were to cease acting as a market-maker for any issue of the notes, it is likely that there would be significantly less liquidity in that secondary market. In such a case, the price at which those notes could be sold would likely be lower than if an active market existed.

 

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable term sheet, we will not list the notes on any securities exchange. Even if an application were made to list your notes, we cannot assure you that the application will be approved or that your notes will be listed and, if listed, that they will remain listed for their entire term. The listing of the notes on any securities exchange will not necessarily ensure that a trading market will develop, and if a trading market does develop, that there will be liquidity in the trading market.

 

The notes are designed to be held to maturity or a call, and if you attempt to sell the notes prior to maturity or a call, their market value, if any, will be affected by various factors that interrelate in complex ways, and their market value may be less than the principal amount. The notes are designed to be held to maturity or a call. The limited protection, if any, against the risk of losses provided by the Threshold Value, if applicable, will only apply if you hold the notes to maturity. You have no right to have your notes redeemed at your option prior to maturity. If you wish to liquidate your investment in the notes prior to maturity or a call, your only option would be to sell them. At that time, there may be an illiquid market for your notes or no market at all. Even if you were able to sell your notes, there are many factors outside of our control that may affect their market value, some of which, but not all, are stated below. These factors may interact with each other in complex and unpredictable ways, and the impact of any one factor may be offset or magnified by the effect of another factor. The following paragraphs describe a specific factor’s expected impact on the market value of the notes, assuming all other conditions remain constant.

 

Value of the Market Measure. We anticipate that the market value of the notes prior to maturity or a call generally will depend to a significant extent on the value of the Market Measure. In general, it is expected that the market value of the notes will decrease as the value of the Market Measure decreases. However, as the value of the Market Measure increases, the market value of the notes may decrease or may not increase at the same

 

PS-13

 

 

rate. If you sell your notes when the value of the Market Measure is less than, or not sufficiently above, the applicable Starting Value, then you may receive less than the principal amount of your notes.

 

In addition, because the return on the notes will not exceed the applicable Coupons, we do not expect that the notes will trade in any secondary market at a price that is greater than the sum of the principal amount and the value of any expected remaining Coupons.

 

Volatility of the Market Measure. Volatility is the term used to describe the size and frequency of market fluctuations. The volatility of the Market Measure during the term of the notes may vary. In addition, an unsettled international environment and related uncertainties may result in greater market volatility, which may continue over the term of the notes. Increases or decreases in the volatility of the Market Measure may have an adverse impact on the market value of the notes. Even if the value of the Market Measure increases after the applicable pricing date, if you are able to sell your notes before their maturity date, you may receive substantially less than the amount that would be payable upon a call or at maturity based on that value because of the anticipation that the value of the Market Measure will continue to fluctuate until the notes are called or the Ending Value is determined.

 

Economic and Other Conditions Generally. The general economic conditions of the capital markets in the United States, as well as geopolitical conditions and other financial, political, public health, regulatory and judicial events, natural disasters, acts of terrorism or war, and related uncertainties that affect stock or commodity markets generally, may adversely affect the value of the Market Measure and the market value of the notes. If the Market Measure includes one or more Underlying Funds or Indices that represent securities, commodities or other assets traded in one or more non-U.S. markets (a “non-U.S. Market Measure”), the value of your notes may also be adversely affected by similar events in the markets of the relevant foreign countries.

 

Interest Rates. We expect that changes in interest rates will affect the market value of the notes. In general, if U.S. interest rates increase, we expect that the market value of the notes will decrease. In general, we expect that the longer the amount of time that remains until maturity, the more significant the impact of these changes will be on the value of the notes. In the case of non-U.S. Market Measures, the level of interest rates in the relevant foreign countries may also affect their economies and in turn the value of the non-U.S. Market Measure, and, thus, the market value of the notes may be adversely affected.

 

Dividend Yields. In general, if the cumulative dividend yields on the securities included in the Market Measure increase, we anticipate that the market value of the notes will decrease.

 

Exchange Rate Movements and Volatility. If the Market Measure of your notes includes any non-U.S. Market Measures, changes in, and the volatility of, the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the relevant non-U.S. currency or currencies could have an adverse impact on the value of your notes, and the payments on the notes may depend in part on the relevant exchange rates. In addition, the correlation between the relevant exchange rate and any applicable non-U.S. Market Measure reflects the extent to which a percentage change in that exchange rate corresponds to a percentage change in the applicable non-U.S. Market Measure, and changes in these correlations may have an adverse impact on the value of your notes.

 

Our Financial Condition and Creditworthiness. Our perceived creditworthiness, including any increases in our credit spreads and any actual or anticipated decreases in

 

PS-14

 

 

our credit ratings, may adversely affect the market value of the notes. In general, we expect the longer the amount of time that remains until maturity, the more significant the impact will be on the value of the notes. However, a decrease in our credit spreads or an improvement in our credit ratings will not necessarily increase the market value of the notes.

 

Time to Maturity or the Next Call Observation Date. There may be a disparity between the market value of the notes prior to maturity or prior to a Call Observation Date and their value at maturity or as of the next Call Observation Date. This disparity is often called a time “value,” “premium,” or “discount,” and reflects expectations concerning the value of the Market Measure prior to the maturity date. As the time to maturity or the next Call Observation Date decreases, this disparity may decrease, such that the value of the notes will approach the expected Redemption Amount to be paid at maturity or the Call Payment to be paid at the next Call Payment Date.

 

Conflict-related Risks

 

Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates may buy or sell the Market Measure, any of its underlying assets, futures, options contracts or exchange-traded instruments on the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets, or other listed or over-the counter derivative instruments whose value is derived from the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates may execute such purchases or sales for our own or their own accounts, for business reasons, or in connection with hedging our obligations under the notes. These transactions could adversely affect the value of a Market Measure in a manner that could be adverse to your investment in the notes. On or before the applicable pricing date, any purchases by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates, or others on our or their behalf (including those for the purpose of hedging some or all of our anticipated exposure in connection with the notes) may increase the value of the Market Measure. Consequently, the value of that Market Measure may decrease subsequent to the pricing date of an issue of the notes, which may adversely affect the market value of the notes.

 

We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates expect to also engage in hedging activities that could increase the value of the Market Measure on the applicable pricing date. In addition, these activities, including the unwinding of a hedge, may decrease the market value of your notes prior to maturity or a call, including on each Coupon Observation Date and Call Observation Date and during the Maturity Valuation Period, and may adversely affect the payments on the notes. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates may purchase or otherwise acquire a long or short position in the notes and may hold or resell the notes. For example, the agents may enter into these transactions in connection with any market making activities in which they engage. We cannot assure you that these activities will not adversely affect the value of the Market Measure, the market value of your notes prior to maturity or a call, or the payments on the notes.

 

Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates may engage in trading activities related to the Market Measure and any underlying assets that are not for your account or on your behalf. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates also may issue or underwrite other financial instruments with returns based upon the applicable Market Measure. In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the agents or their affiliates may hold and trade our or our affiliates’ debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Certain of the agents or their affiliates may also have a lending or other financial

 

PS-15

 

 

relationship with us. In order to hedge such exposure, the agents or their affiliates may enter into transactions such as the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our or our affiliates’ securities, including potentially the notes. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the notes. These trading and other business activities may present a conflict of interest between your interest in the notes and the interests we, the agents and our respective affiliates may have in our proprietary accounts, in facilitating transactions, including block trades, for our or their other customers, and in accounts under our or their management. These trading and other business activities, if they influence the value of the Market Measure or secondary trading in your notes, could be adverse to your interests as a beneficial owner of the notes.

 

We, the agents, and our respective affiliates expect to enter into arrangements or adjust or close out existing transactions to hedge our obligations under the notes. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates also may enter into hedging transactions relating to other securities or instruments that we or they issue, some of which may have returns calculated in a manner related to that of a particular issue of the notes. We may enter into such hedging arrangements with one or more of our subsidiaries or affiliates, or with one or more of the agents or their affiliates. Such a party may enter into additional hedging transactions with other parties relating to the notes and the applicable Market Measure. This hedging activity is expected to result in a profit to those engaging in the hedging activity, which could be more or less than initially expected, but could also result in a loss. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates will price these hedging transactions with the intent to realize a profit, regardless of whether the value of the notes increases or decreases, whether the notes will be automatically called, or whether the Redemption Amount on the notes is more or less than the principal amount of the notes. Any profit in connection with such hedging activities will be in addition to any other compensation that we, the agents, and our respective affiliates receive for the sale of the notes, which creates an additional incentive to sell the notes to you.

 

There may be potential conflicts of interest involving the calculation agent. We have the right to appoint and remove the calculation agent. We expect to appoint BofAS or one of its affiliates as the calculation agent for the notes and, as such, it will determine the Starting Value, the Price Multiplier, the Threshold Value and/or the Call Value, as applicable, the Observation Value, the Ending Value, whether the Coupons are payable, whether the notes will be called and the Redemption Amount. As the calculation agent, BofAS or one of its affiliates will have discretion in making various determinations that affect your notes. The exercise of this discretion by the calculation agent could adversely affect the value of your notes and may present the calculation agent with a conflict of interest of the kind described under “—Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value” and “—Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you” above.

 

Market Measure-related Risks

 

No sponsor, publisher, or investment advisor of an Underlying Fund or an Index (each a “Market Measure Publisher”) will have any obligations relating to the notes. No Market Measure Publisher will have any financial or legal obligation with respect to the notes or the amounts to be paid to you, including any obligation to take our needs or the needs of noteholders into consideration for any reason, including taking any actions that might adversely affect the value of the Market Measure or the value of the notes. No Market Measure Publisher will receive any of the proceeds from any offering of the notes, and no Market Measure Publisher will be responsible for, or participate in, the offering of the notes or the determination or calculation of the amount receivable by holders of the notes.

 

PS-16

 

 

Neither we nor any agent has made any independent investigation as to the completeness or accuracy of publicly available information regarding any Market Measure or as to the future performance of any Market Measure. Any prospective purchaser of the notes should undertake such independent investigation of any Market Measure as in its judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment in the notes.

 

The publisher of an Index or an Underlying Index may adjust it in a way that affects its level, and that publisher has no obligation to consider your interests. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, we, the agents and our respective affiliates have no affiliation with any publisher of an Index or an index underlying an Underlying Fund (an “Underlying Index”) (each, an “Index Publisher”). Consequently, we have no control of the actions of any Index Publisher. The Index Publisher can add, delete, or substitute the components included in that index or make other methodological changes that could change its level. A new security included in an index may perform significantly better or worse than the replaced security, and the performance will impact the level of the applicable index. Additionally, an Index Publisher may alter, discontinue, or suspend calculation or dissemination of an index. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of your notes. The Index Publishers will have no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising any Index or any Underlying Index.

 

You must rely on your own evaluation of the merits of an investment linked to the applicable Market Measure. In the ordinary course of business, we, the agents, and our respective affiliates may have expressed views on expected movements in a Market Measure, any underlying asset or any Underlying Index, and may do so in the future. These views or reports may be communicated to our clients and clients of these entities. However, these views are subject to change from time to time. Moreover, other professionals who deal in markets relating to a Market Measure may at any time have significantly different views from our views and the views of these entities. For these reasons, you are encouraged to derive information concerning a Market Measure from multiple sources, and you should not rely on our views or the views expressed by these entities.

 

As a noteholder, you will have no rights to receive the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets, and you will not be entitled to receive securities, dividends or other distributions by the Market Measure or the issuers of the securities represented by the Market Measure. The notes are our debt securities. They are not equity instruments, shares of stock, or securities of any other issuer. Investing in the notes will not make you a holder of the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets. You will not have any voting rights, any rights to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights against a Market Measure Publisher, or any other rights with respect to the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets. As a result, the return on your notes may not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets and received the dividends paid or other distributions made in connection with them. Additionally, the values of Indices and equity-based Underlying Funds reflect only the prices of the securities included in those Indices or Underlying Funds and do not take into consideration the value of dividends paid on those securities. Your notes will be paid in cash and you have no right to receive the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets.

 

Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, we and the agents do not control any company included in any Market Measure and have not verified any disclosure made by any other company. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates currently, or in the future, may engage in business with companies included in a Market Measure, and we, the agents, or our respective affiliates may from time to time own securities of companies included in a Market Measure. However, none of us, the agents, or any of our respective affiliates has the ability to control the actions of any of these companies or has undertaken any independent review of, or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to, any

 

PS-17

 

 

of these companies, unless (and only to the extent that) the securities of us, the agents, or our respective affiliates are represented by that Market Measure. In addition, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, none of us, the agents, or any of our respective affiliates is responsible for the calculation of any Index or Underlying Fund, or any Underlying Index. Unless otherwise specified therein, any information in the applicable term sheet regarding the Market Measure is derived from publicly available information. You should make your own investigation into the Market Measure.

 

Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, none of the Market Measure Publishers, their affiliates, or any companies included in the Market Measure will be involved in any offering of the notes or will have any obligation of any sort with respect to the notes. As a result, none of those companies will have any obligation to take your interests as holders of the notes into consideration for any reason, including taking any corporate actions that might adversely affect the value of the securities represented by the Market Measure or the value of the notes.

 

Our business activities and those of the agents relating to the companies represented by a Market Measure or the notes may create conflicts of interest with you. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates, at the time of any offering of the notes or in the future, may engage in business with the companies represented by the Market Measure, including making loans to, equity investments in, or providing investment banking, asset management, or other services to those companies, their affiliates, and their competitors. In connection with these activities, any of these entities may receive information about those companies that we will not divulge to you or other third parties. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates have published, and in the future may publish, research reports on one or more of these companies. The agents may also publish research reports relating to our or our affiliates’ securities, including the notes. This research is modified from time to time without notice and may express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with purchasing or holding your notes. Any of these activities may adversely affect the value of the Market Measure and, consequently, the market value of your notes. None of us, the agents, or our respective affiliates makes any representation to any purchasers of the notes regarding any matters whatsoever relating to the issuers of the securities included in a Market Measure. Any prospective purchaser of the notes should undertake an independent investigation of the companies included in the Market Measure to a level that, in its judgment, is appropriate to make an informed decision regarding an investment in the notes. The composition of the Market Measure does not reflect any investment recommendations from us, the agents, or our respective affiliates.

 

Exchange rate movements may adversely impact the value of the notes. If any security or commodity represented by a Market Measure is traded in a currency other than U.S. dollars and, for purposes of calculating the value of the Market Measure, is converted into U.S. dollars, then the value of the Market Measure may depend in part on the relevant exchange rates. If the value of the U.S. dollar strengthens against the currencies of those underlying assets, the value of the applicable Market Measure and consequently, the return on the notes may be adversely affected.

 

Exchange rate movements may be particularly impacted by existing and expected rates of inflation and interest rate levels; political, civil or military unrest; the balance of payments between countries; and the extent of governmental surpluses or deficits in the relevant countries and the United States. All of these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal, and trade policies pursued by the governments of those countries and the United States and other countries important to international trade and finance.

 

PS-18

 

 

Additional Risks Relating to Underlying Funds

 

There are liquidity and management risks associated with an Underlying Fund. Although shares of an Underlying Fund will be listed for trading on a securities exchange and a number of similar products have been traded on various exchanges for varying periods of time, there is no assurance that an active trading market will continue for the shares of that Underlying Fund or that there will be liquidity in the trading market.

 

Underlying Funds are subject to management risk, which is the risk that the investment adviser’s investment strategy, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results.

 

The respective Market Measure Publisher may adjust the Underlying Fund or the Underlying Index in a way that affects its value, and they have no obligation to consider your interests. A Market Measure Publisher can change the investment policies of the applicable Underlying Fund or the policies concerning the calculation of the applicable Underlying Fund’s net asset value, or add, delete, or substitute the underlying assets held by the Underlying Fund or the components included in an Underlying Index, as the case may be, or make other methodological changes that could change the value of that Underlying Fund or Underlying Index. Additionally, a Market Measure Publisher may alter, discontinue, or suspend calculation or dissemination of the price of its Underlying Fund, the net asset value of its Underlying Fund, or the level of its Underlying Index, as the case may be. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of your notes. This could also result in the early redemption of your notes. See “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds—Discontinuance of or Material Change to an Underlying Fund” below. The Market Measure Publishers will have no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising any Underlying Fund or Underlying Index.

 

Risks associated with the applicable Underlying Index, or underlying assets of an Underlying Fund, will affect the price of that Underlying Fund and hence, the value of the notes. An Underlying Fund is a fund which may hold a variety of underlying assets, including stocks, bonds, commodities or derivative instruments, and which performance may be designed to track the performance of an Underlying Index. While the notes are linked to an Underlying Fund and not to its underlying assets or Underlying Index, risks associated with its underlying assets or Underlying Index will affect the share price of that Underlying Fund and hence the value of the notes. Some of the risks that relate to an Underlying Index include those discussed below in relation to equity based- and commodity-based Underlying Funds, which you should review before investing in the notes.

 

The performance of an Underlying Fund may not correlate with the performance of its Underlying Index or the net asset value per share of the Underlying Fund, especially during periods of market volatility. If an Underlying Fund is designed to track the performance of an Underlying Index, the performance of the Underlying Fund and that of its Underlying Index generally will vary due to, for example, transaction costs, management fees, certain corporate actions, and timing variances. Moreover, it is also possible that the performance of an Underlying Fund may not fully replicate or may, in certain circumstances, diverge significantly from the performance of its Underlying Index. This could be due to, for example, the Underlying Fund not holding all or substantially all of the underlying assets included in the Underlying Index and/or holding assets that are not included in the Underlying Index, the temporary unavailability of certain securities in the secondary market, the performance of any derivative instruments held by the Underlying Fund, differences in trading hours between the Underlying Fund (or the underlying assets held by the Underlying Fund) and the Underlying Index, or due to other circumstances. This variation in performance is called the “tracking error,” and, at times, the tracking error may be significant.

 

PS-19

 

 

In addition, because the shares of an Underlying Fund are traded on a securities exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the market price of one share of the Underlying Fund may differ from its net asset value per share; shares of the Underlying Fund may trade at, above, or below its net asset value per share.

 

During periods of market volatility, securities held by an Underlying Fund may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of the Underlying Fund and the liquidity of the Underlying Fund may be adversely affected. This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem shares of the Underlying Fund. Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market participants are willing to buy and sell shares of the Underlying Fund. As a result, under these circumstances, the market value of shares of the Underlying Fund may vary substantially from the net asset value per share of the Underlying Fund.

 

For the foregoing reasons, the performance of an Underlying Fund may not match the performance of its Underlying Index over the same period. Because of this variance, the return on the notes to the extent dependent on the performance of the Underlying Fund may not be the same as an investment directly in the securities, commodities, or other assets included in the Underlying Index or the same as a debt security with a return linked to the performance of the Underlying Index.

 

If an Underlying Fund holds underlying assets traded on foreign exchanges, time zone differences may create discrepancies between the values of those underlying assets and the value of the notes. As a result of the time zone difference, if applicable, between the cities where the underlying assets held by an Underlying Fund trade and the cities in which shares of that Underlying Fund are traded, there may be discrepancies between the values of the relevant underlying assets and the trading prices of that Underlying Fund. In addition, there may be periods when the foreign exchange markets are closed for trading (for example during holidays in a country other than the United States) that may result in the values of the relevant non-U.S. underlying assets remaining unchanged for multiple Market Measure Business Days in the locations where the notes (or any related Underlying Fund) trade. Conversely, there may be periods in which the foreign exchange markets are open, but the securities markets in which the notes (or any related Underlying Fund) trade are closed.

 

The payment on the notes will not be adjusted for all events that could affect an Underlying Fund. The Price Multiplier(s), each Observation Value, the Ending Value, the amount payable on the notes, and other terms of the notes may be adjusted for the specified events affecting any Underlying Fund, as described in “Description of the Notes—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds.” However, these adjustments do not cover all events that could affect the market price of an Underlying Fund. The occurrence of any event that does not require the calculation agent to adjust the applicable Price Multiplier or the amount payable on the notes may adversely affect the Closing Market Price of any Underlying Fund, each Observation Value, the Ending Value and the amount payable on the notes, and, as a result, the return on the notes.

 

Additional Risks Relating to Equity-Based Underlying Funds

 

If the Market Measure includes or holds equity securities traded on foreign exchanges, your return may be affected by factors affecting international securities markets. The value of securities traded outside of the U.S. may be adversely affected by a variety of factors relating to the relevant securities markets. Factors which could affect those markets, and therefore the return on your notes, include:

 

PS-20

 

 

Market Liquidity and Volatility. The relevant foreign securities markets may be less liquid and/or more volatile than U.S. or other securities markets and may be affected by market developments in different ways than U.S. or other securities markets.

 

Political, Economic, and Other Factors. The prices and performance of securities of companies in foreign countries may be affected by political, economic, financial, public health, natural disasters, acts of terrorism or war, and social factors in those regions. Direct or indirect government intervention to stabilize a particular securities market and cross-shareholdings in companies in the relevant foreign markets may affect prices and the volume of trading in those markets. In addition, recent or future changes in government, economic, and fiscal policies in the relevant jurisdictions, the possible imposition of, or changes in, currency exchange laws, or other laws or restrictions, and possible fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies, are factors that could adversely affect the relevant securities markets. The relevant foreign economies may differ from the U.S. economy in economic factors such as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, and self-sufficiency.

 

In particular, many emerging nations are undergoing rapid change, involving the restructuring of economic, political, financial and legal systems. Regulatory and tax environments may be subject to change without review or appeal, and many emerging markets suffer from underdevelopment of capital markets and tax systems. In addition, in some of these nations, issuers of the relevant securities face the threat of expropriation of their assets, and/or nationalization of their businesses. The economic and financial data about some of these countries may be unreliable.

 

Publicly Available Information. There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. In addition, accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements in foreign countries differ from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies.

 

Additional Risks Relating to Commodity-Based Underlying Funds

 

The prices of commodities held by an Underlying Fund may change unpredictably, affecting the value of your notes in unforeseeable ways. Trading in commodities and futures contracts is speculative and can be extremely volatile. Their market prices may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships; liquidity; weather conditions and natural disasters; trends in agriculture; trade; fiscal, monetary, and exchange control programs; national and international political, military, public health and economic events and policies; disease or pestilence; technological developments; changes in interest rates, whether through governmental action or market movements; currency exchange rates; volatility from speculative activities; the development, availability and/or decrease in price of substitutes; monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction; macroeconomic or geopolitical and military events, including political instability in some oil-producing countries or other countries in which the production of particular commodities may be concentrated; and natural or nuclear disasters. These factors may adversely affect the value of an Underlying Fund in varying ways, and different factors may cause the levels and volatilities of commodity prices to move in inconsistent directions at inconsistent rates. Additionally, certain Underlying Funds may be concentrated in only a few, or even a single industry (e.g., energy). These Underlying Funds are likely to be more volatile than those that hold a broad base of commodities.

 

If the liquidity of the components of any Underlying Fund is limited, the value of the notes may be adversely affected. Commodities and derivatives contracts on commodities may be difficult to buy or sell, particularly during adverse market conditions. Reduced liquidity

 

PS-21

 

 

would likely have an adverse effect on the value of any such Underlying Fund and, therefore, on the return, if any, on your notes. Limited liquidity relating to the components of an Underlying Fund may also result in the Market Measure Publisher being unable to determine the value of its Underlying Fund using its normal means. The resulting discretion by the Market Measure Publisher of an Underlying Fund in determining the value could adversely affect the value of the notes.

 

Suspension or disruptions of market trading in the applicable commodities and related futures contracts may adversely affect the value of your notes. The commodity markets are subject to disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators, and government regulation and intervention. In addition, U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices that may occur during a single business day. These limits are generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits,” and the maximum or minimum price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” Once the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made at a different price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. Any such disruption, or any other force majeure (such as an act of God, fire, flood, severe weather conditions, act of governmental authority, labor difficulty, etc.) could have an adverse effect on the value of or trading in shares of an Underlying Fund and therefore, the value of the notes.

 

Legal and regulatory changes could adversely affect the return on and value of your notes. The value of the commodities held by an Underlying Fund could be adversely affected by new laws or regulations or by the reinterpretation of existing laws or regulations (including, without limitation, those related to taxes and duties on commodities and futures contracts) by one or more governments, courts, or other official bodies.

 

In the U.S., the regulation of commodity transactions is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. For example, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC) has interpreted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”), which was enacted in July 2010, to require the CFTC to impose limits on the size of positions that can be held by market participants in futures contracts and OTC derivatives on certain physical commodities. The CFTC adopted final position limits rules in October 2020; the final rules became effective in March 2021 and are in the process of being phased in. While the ultimate effect of the final position limit rules are not yet known, these limits will likely restrict the ability of many market participants to trade in the commodities markets to the same extent as they have in the past, including affecting their ability to enter into or maintain hedge positions in the applicable commodity or futures contracts. These rules and various other legislative and regulatory requirements may, among other things, reduce liquidity, increase market volatility, and increase costs in these markets. These consequences could adversely affect an Underlying Fund and the value of your notes.

 

In addition, other governmental or regulatory bodies (such as the European Commission) have proposed or may propose in the future legislation or regulations containing restrictions similar to those contemplated by Dodd-Frank, or other legislation or regulations containing other restrictions that could reduce the liquidity of and increase the costs of participating in the commodities markets. If such legislation or regulations are adopted or other legislation or regulations are adopted in the future, they could have an adverse effect on the value of the applicable Underlying Fund and your notes.

 

The notes will not be regulated by the CFTC. The notes will not be interests in a commodity pool nor will they be regulated by the CFTC as a commodity pool. Further, we will not be registered with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator. The notes will not constitute investments by you or by us on your behalf in futures contracts traded on regulated futures

 

PS-22

 

 

exchanges, which may only be transacted through a person registered with the CFTC as a “futures commission merchant” (“FCM”). We are not registered with the CFTC as an FCM, and you will not benefit from the CFTC’s or any other non-U.S. regulatory authority’s regulatory protections for persons who trade in futures contracts or who invest in regulated commodity pools.

 

An Underlying Fund may include commodities or futures contracts traded on foreign exchanges that are less regulated than U.S. markets and may involve different and greater risks than trading on U.S. exchanges. An Underlying Fund may own commodities or futures contracts that trade on exchanges located outside the U.S. The regulations of the CFTC do not apply to trading on foreign exchanges, and trading on foreign exchanges may involve different and greater risks than trading on U.S. exchanges. Certain foreign markets may be more susceptible to disruption than U.S. exchanges due to the lack of a government-regulated clearinghouse system. Trading on foreign exchanges also involves certain other risks that are not applicable to trading on U.S. exchanges. Those risks include: (a) exchange rate risk relative to the U.S. dollar; (b) exchange controls; (c) expropriation; (d) burdensome or confiscatory taxation; and (e) moratoriums, and political or diplomatic events. It may also be more costly and difficult for participants in those markets to enforce the laws or regulations of a foreign country or exchange, and it is possible that the foreign country or exchange may not have laws or regulations which adequately protect the rights and interests of investors in the relevant commodities or contracts. These factors could reduce the value of the applicable Underlying Fund and the value of your notes.

 

Other Risk Factors Relating to the Applicable Market Measure

 

The applicable term sheet may set forth additional risk factors as to the Market Measure that you should review prior to purchasing the notes.

 

Tax-related Risks

 

The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are uncertain, and may be adverse to a holder of the notes. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the notes or securities similar to the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are not certain. Under the terms of the notes, you will have agreed with us to treat the notes as income-bearing pre-paid executory contracts or as pre-paid executory contracts, as described under “U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary—General.” If the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) were successful in asserting an alternative characterization for the notes, the timing and character of gain or loss with respect to the notes may differ. No ruling will be requested from the IRS with respect to the notes and no assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the statements made in “U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary.”

 

You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the notes.

 

The notes may be redeemed prior to maturity because of changes in Canadian tax laws, and the return on the notes may be adversely affected. As described in “Description of the Notes—Tax Redemption” below, we may elect to redeem the notes prior to maturity because of changes in Canadian tax laws. If the notes are redeemed early, the return on the notes may be less, or significantly less, than the return on the notes had the notes not been redeemed early, and the term of the notes could be short. There is no guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the notes are redeemed prior to maturity.

 

PS-23

 

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

 

General

 

Each issue of the notes will be part of a series of medium-term notes entitled “Senior Global Medium-Term Notes” that will be issued under the indenture, as amended and supplemented from time to time. The indenture is described more fully in the accompanying prospectus and prospectus supplement. The following description of the notes supplements and, to the extent it is inconsistent with, supersedes the description of the general terms and provisions of the notes and debt securities set forth under “Description of the Notes We May Offer” in the accompanying prospectus supplement and “Description of Senior Debt Securities” in the accompanying prospectus. These documents should be read in connection with this product supplement and the applicable term sheet.

 

The maturity date of the notes and the aggregate principal amount of each issue of the notes will be stated in the applicable term sheet. If any scheduled Coupon Payment Date, Call Payment Date or the scheduled maturity date is not a business day, we will make the required payment on the next business day, and no interest will accrue as a result of such delay. “Business day” means a Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or executive order to close in New York City.

 

The notes do not guarantee the return of principal at maturity. The notes will be payable only in U.S. dollars. Prior to the maturity date, the notes are not repayable at the option of any holder. The notes are not subject to any sinking fund. The notes are not subject to the defeasance provisions described in “Description of Senior Debt Securities—Defeasance” beginning on page 8 of the accompanying prospectus.

 

We will issue the notes in denominations of whole units. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, each unit will have a principal amount of $10.00. The CUSIP number for each issue of the notes will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. You may transfer the notes only in whole units.

 

Call Feature

 

The applicable term sheet will indicate the Call Feature applicable to the notes. The following is a summary of the Call Features we may offer on the notes.

 

Issuer Callable Notes

 

Notes which are callable by the Issuer in whole prior to maturity. To call the notes, we will distribute written notice to The Depository Trust Company of our intent to call the notes on or prior to the third business day before the applicable Call Payment Date. We or the calculation agent will have no independent obligation to notify you directly and you should expect to receive such notifications from your broker. If the notes are called, the Call Payment will be paid on the applicable Call Payment Date and the notes will cease to be outstanding.

 

Autocallable Notes

 

Notes which will be automatically called in whole prior to maturity if the Observation Value of the Market Measure is greater than or equal to its Call Value on any Call Observation Date. If the notes are called, the Call Payment will be paid on the applicable Call Payment Date and the notes will cease to be outstanding.

 

PS-24

 

 

With respect to the notes:

 

The “Call Value” will be specified in the applicable term sheet and will be a percentage of the Starting Value of the Market Measure.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the “Call Payment” will equal the principal amount plus any Coupon otherwise due on the applicable Call Payment Date.

 

The “Call Observation Dates” will be specified in the applicable term sheet, subject to postponement if a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day occurs.

 

The “Call Payment Dates” will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

Coupon Feature

 

The applicable term sheet will indicate the Coupon Feature applicable to the notes. The following is a summary of the Coupon Features we may offer on the notes:

 

Contingent Coupon Payments

 

Contingent Coupon Payments are coupons which are payable if the Observation Value of the Market Measure on the applicable Coupon Observation Date is greater than or equal to its Coupon Barrier. If a Contingent Coupon Payment is payable, it will be paid on the related Coupon Payment Date. The amount of each Contingent Coupon Payment will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory)

 

Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory) are coupons which are payable if the Observation Value of the Market Measure on the applicable Coupon Observation Date is greater than or equal to its Coupon Barrier. If a Contingent Coupon Payment is payable, it will be paid on the related Coupon Payment Date. If any Contingent Coupon Payment is not payable on a Coupon Payment Date because the Observation Value of the Market Measure on the applicable Coupon Observation Date is less than its Coupon Barrier, such missed Contingent Coupon Payment(s) will be payable on the next subsequent Coupon Payment Date that a Contingent Coupon Payment (with Memory) is payable with respect to such date, if any. The amount of the Contingent Coupon Payment (with Memory) applicable to a single Coupon Payment Date will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

The Contingent Coupon Payment (with Memory) payable on any Coupon Payment Date will be calculated according to the following formula:

 

(i) the product of the Contingent Coupon Payment (with Memory) applicable to a single Coupon Payment Date times the number of Coupon Payment Dates that have occurred up to the relevant Coupon Payment Date (inclusive of the relevant Coupon Payment Date) minus (ii) the sum of all Contingent Coupon Payments (with Memory) previously paid.

 

Snowball Coupon Payments

 

Snowball Coupon Payments are coupons which are payable only if the notes are automatically called. If a Snowball Coupon Payment is payable, it will be paid on the related Call Payment Date as part of the Call Payment. The amount of each Snowball Coupon Payment will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

Fixed Coupon Payments

 

Fixed Coupon Payments are coupons which are payable regardless of the performance of the Market Measure. Fixed Coupon Payments will be paid on each Coupon Payment Date. The amount of each Fixed Coupon Payment will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

PS-25

 

 

With respect to the notes:

 

The “Coupon Barrier” will be specified in the applicable term sheet and will be a percentage of the Starting Value of the Market Measure.

 

The “Coupon Observation Dates” will be specified in the applicable term sheet, subject to postponement if a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day occurs.

 

The “Coupon Payment Dates” will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, for so long as the notes are held in book-entry form only, we will pay any Coupons to the persons in whose names the notes are registered at the close of business one business day prior to the relevant Coupon Payment Date.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the final Coupon and the Call Payment or the Redemption Amount, as applicable, will be paid to the person in whose names the notes are registered on the applicable Call Payment Date or the maturity date.

 

Payment at Maturity

 

If the notes are not called, at maturity, subject to our credit risk as issuer of the notes, in addition to any final Coupon, if payable, you will receive a Redemption Amount that is based on the performance of the Market Measure, denominated in U.S. dollars. The Redemption Amount will never be less than zero, and will be calculated as follows:

 

 

 

 

You will lose some or all of the principal amount of the notes if the Ending Value is less than the Starting Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

The applicable term sheet may indicate that a “Buffer” or “Barrier” is applicable to the notes, each of which will provide limited protection against the downside performance of the Market Measure. The extent of the Buffer or the Barrier will be indicated by the ‘Threshold Value”, which will be a percentage of the Starting Value of the Market Measure. We refer to notes with a Buffer as “Buffered Notes” and notes with a Barrier as “Barrier Notes”.

 

PS-26

 

 

For Buffered Notes, the Redemption Amount will be calculated as follows:

 

 

The “Buffer Rate” will either be 1 or equal the quotient of the Starting Value divided by the Threshold Value, and will be specified in the applicable term sheet. You will lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes if the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

For Barrier Notes, the Redemption Amount will be calculated as follows:

 

 

You will lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes if the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value. Even with any Coupons, the return on the notes could be negative.

 

Each applicable term sheet will provide examples of payments on the notes based on certain or a range of hypothetical Observation Values and Ending Values.

 

The applicable term sheet will set forth information as to the applicable Market Measure, including information as to the historical values of the Market Measure. However, historical values of the Market Measure are not indicative of its future performance or the performance of your notes.

 

PS-27

 

 

An investment in the notes does not entitle you to any ownership interest in or any other rights with respect to the Market Measure or any of its underlying assets, including any voting rights, dividends paid, or other distributions made.

 

The Starting Value, the Observation Value and the Ending Value

 

Starting Value

 

In the case of an Index, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the “Starting Value” will be the closing level of the Index on the pricing date.

 

In the case of an Underlying Fund, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the “Starting Value” will be the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund on the pricing date.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Starting Value will be equal to 100. See “—Baskets.”

 

Observation Value

 

In the case of an Index, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the “Observation Value” will be the closing level of the Index on the relevant Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date.

 

In the case of an Underlying Fund, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the “Observation Value” will equal the product of the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund on the relevant Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date and the Price Multiplier on that day.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Observation Value will be determined as described in “—Baskets.”

 

The “Worst-Performing Market Measure” as of any Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date will be the Index, ETF or Basket with the lowest Observation Value as compared to its Starting Value.

 

If a scheduled Coupon Observation Date (other than the final Coupon Observation Date) or Call Observation Date (other than the final Call Observation Date for notes in which the Coupon Feature is Snowball Coupon Payments) is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day (as defined below) by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration or otherwise, or, if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day, the applicable Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date will be the immediately succeeding Market Measure Business Day during which no Market Disruption Event occurs or is continuing; provided that the Observation Value will not be determined on a date later than the fifth scheduled Market Measure Business Day after the scheduled Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date, and if such date is not a Market Measure Business Day, or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that date, the calculation agent will determine (or, if not determinable, estimate) the Observation Value in a manner which the calculation agent considers commercially reasonable under the circumstances on that fifth scheduled Market Measure Business Day.

 

If, due to a Market Disruption Event or otherwise, a scheduled Coupon Observation Date (other than the final Coupon Observation Date) or Call Observation Date (other than the final Call Observation Date for notes in which the Coupon Feature is Snowball Coupon Payments) is postponed, the applicable Coupon Payment Date or Call Payment Date, as

 

PS-28

 

 

applicable, will be approximately the fifth business day following the Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date as postponed, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a scheduled Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date overlaps with a calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period and is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration or otherwise, or, if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day, such Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date will be postponed, and the closing level or the Closing Market Price of the applicable Index or ETF for such Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date will be determined, in accordance with the same procedures for such overlapped calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period as described under “—Ending Value” below.

 

For the avoidance of doubt, if your notes are linked to more than one Index or ETF, the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day as to any Index or ETF will not impact any other Index or ETF that is not so affected.

 

Ending Value

 

In the case of an Index, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the “Ending Value” will equal the average of the closing levels of the Index on each calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period.

 

In the case of an Underlying Fund, the “Ending Value” will equal the average of the products of the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund on each calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period and its Price Multiplier on that day.

 

The Worst-Performing Market Measure at maturity will be the Index, ETF or Basket with the lowest Ending Value as compared to its Starting Value.

 

The “Closing Market Price” for one share of an Underlying Fund (or one unit of any other security for which a Closing Market Price must be determined) on any Market Measure Business Day means any of the following:

 

if the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading on a national securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way (or, in the case of The Nasdaq Stock Market, the official closing price), of the principal trading session on that day on the principal U.S. securities exchange registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), on which the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading;

 

if the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange but is included in the Over-The-Counter Bulletin Board (the “OTC Bulletin Board”), the last reported sale price of the principal trading session on the OTC Bulletin Board on that day;

 

if the closing price of the Underlying Fund (or such other security) cannot be determined as set forth in the two bullet points above, and the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading on a non-U.S. securities exchange or market, the last reported sale price, regular way, of the principal trading session on that day on the primary non-U.S. securities exchange or market on which the Underlying Fund (or such other security) is listed or admitted to trading (converted to U.S. dollars using such exchange rate as the calculation agent, in its sole discretion, determines to be commercially reasonable); or

 

PS-29

 

 

if the Closing Market Price cannot be determined as set forth in the prior bullets, the mean, as determined by the calculation agent, of the bid prices for the Underlying Fund (or such other security) obtained from as many dealers in that security (which may include us, BofAS and/or any of our respective affiliates), but not exceeding three, as will make the bid prices available to the calculation agent. If no such bid price can be obtained, the Closing Market Price will be determined (or, if not determinable, estimated) by the calculation agent in its sole discretion in a commercially reasonable manner.

 

The initial “Price Multiplier” for each Underlying Fund will be 1, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet. The Price Multiplier for each Underlying Fund will be subject to adjustment for certain events relating to that Underlying Fund described below under “—Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds.”

 

The “Maturity Valuation Period” means the period consisting of one or more calculation days shortly before the maturity date. The timing and length of the period will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

 

A “calculation day” means any scheduled Market Measure Business Day during the Maturity Valuation Period.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, as to any Index, a “Market Measure Business Day” means a day on which (1) the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and The Nasdaq Stock Market, or their successors, are open for trading and (2) the Index(es) (or any successor) is calculated and published. As to any Underlying Fund, a “Market Measure Business Day” means a day on which the securities exchange on which that Underlying Fund has its primary listing is open for trading.

 

Notes with a Maturity Valuation Period which Consists of Two or More Scheduled Calculation Days. If the Maturity Valuation Period for the notes consists of two or more scheduled calculation days and, with respect to an Index or ETF, (i) a Market Disruption Event occurs on a scheduled calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period or (ii) any scheduled calculation day is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration, or otherwise (any such day in either (i) or (ii) being a “non-calculation day”), the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of the Index or the ETF for the applicable non-calculation day will be the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of the Index or the ETF on the next calculation day that occurs during the Maturity Valuation Period. For example, if the first and second scheduled calculation days during the Maturity Valuation Period are non-calculation days, then the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of the Index or the ETF on the next calculation day will also be deemed to be the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of the Index or the ETF on the first and second scheduled calculation days during the Maturity Valuation Period. If no further scheduled calculation days occur after a non-calculation day, or if every scheduled calculation day after that non-calculation day is also a non-calculation day, then the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of the Index or the ETF for that non-calculation day and each following non-calculation day, if any, will be determined (or, if not determinable, estimated) by the calculation agent in a manner which the calculation agent considers commercially reasonable under the circumstances on the final scheduled calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period, regardless of whether that final scheduled calculation day is a non-calculation day.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Ending Value of the Basket will be determined as described in “—Baskets.”

 

PS-30

 

 

For the avoidance of doubt, if your notes are linked to more than one Index or ETF, the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day as to any Index or ETF will not impact any other Index or ETF that is not so affected.

 

Notes with a Maturity Valuation Period which Consists of Only One Scheduled Calculation Day. If the Maturity Valuation Period for the notes consists of only one scheduled calculation day and, with respect to an Index or ETF, the scheduled calculation day is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration or otherwise, or, if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day, the calculation day will be the immediately succeeding Market Measure Business Day during which no Market Disruption Event occurs or is continuing; provided that the Ending Value will be determined (or, if not determinable, estimated) by the calculation agent in a manner which the calculation agent considers commercially reasonable under the circumstances on a date no later than the second scheduled Market Measure Business Day prior to the maturity date, regardless of the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day on that second scheduled Market Measure Business Day.

 

In the case of a Basket, the Ending Value of the Basket will be determined as described in “—Baskets.”

 

For the avoidance of doubt, if your notes are linked to more than one Index or ETF, the occurrence of a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day as to any Index or ETF will not impact any other Index or ETF that is not so affected.

 

Market Disruption Events

 

As to any Index, a “Market Disruption Event” means one or more of the following events, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion:

 

  (A) the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange where the securities included in an Index trade (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in 20% or more of the securities which then comprise the Index or any successor index; and
     
 

(B)

 

 

 

the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange that trades options contracts or futures contracts related to the Index (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), whether by reason of movements in price otherwise exceeding levels permitted by the relevant exchange or otherwise, in options contracts or futures contracts related to the Index, or any successor index.

 

For the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred:

 

  (1) a limitation on the hours in a Market Measure Business Day and/or number of days of trading will not constitute a Market Disruption Event if it results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant exchange;
     
  (2) a decision to permanently discontinue trading in the relevant futures or options contracts related to the Index, or any successor index, will not constitute a Market Disruption Event;

 

PS-31

 

 

  (3) a suspension in trading in a futures or options contract on the Index, or any successor index, by a major securities market by reason of (a) a price change violating limits set by that securities market, (b) an imbalance of orders relating to those contracts, or (c) a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to those contracts will constitute a suspension of or material limitation on trading in futures or options contracts related to the Index;
     
  (4) a suspension of or material limitation on trading on the relevant exchange will not include any time when that exchange is closed for trading under ordinary circumstances; and
     
  (5) if applicable to Indices with component securities listed on the NYSE, for the purpose of clause (A) above, any limitations on trading during significant market fluctuations under NYSE Rule 80B, or any applicable rule or regulation enacted or promulgated by the NYSE or any other self-regulatory organization or the SEC of similar scope as determined by the calculation agent, will be considered “material.”

 

As to any Underlying Fund, a Market Disruption Event means one or more of the following events, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion:

 

(A)the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, of the shares of the Underlying Fund (or the successor underlying fund, as defined below) on the primary exchange where such shares trade, as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session);

 

(B)the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange that trades options contracts or futures contracts related to the shares of the Underlying Fund (or the successor underlying fund) as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in options contracts or futures contracts related to the shares of the Underlying Fund;

 

(C)with respect to an Underlying Fund that holds equity securities, the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange where component stocks of the relevant Underlying Index (or the successor underlying index, as defined below) trade, as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in 20% or more of the stocks which then comprise the Underlying Index or any successor underlying index; and

 

(D)the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange that trades options contracts or futures contracts related to the relevant Underlying Index (or the successor underlying index) as determined by the calculation agent (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in options contracts or futures contracts related to the Underlying Index or any successor underlying index;

 

        For the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred:

 

(1)a limitation on the hours in a Market Measure Business Day and/or number of days of trading will not constitute a Market Disruption Event if it results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant exchange;

 

PS-32

 

 

(2)a decision to permanently discontinue trading in the shares of the Underlying Fund (or the successor underlying fund) or the relevant futures or options contracts relating to such shares or the relevant Underlying Index (or any successor underlying index) will not constitute a Market Disruption Event;

 

(3)a suspension in trading in a futures or options contract on the shares of the Underlying Fund (or the successor underlying fund) or the relevant Underlying Index (or any successor underlying index), by a major securities market by reason of (a) a price change violating limits set by that securities market, (b) an imbalance of orders relating to those contracts, or (c) a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to those contracts, will each constitute a suspension of or material limitation on trading in futures or options contracts relating to the Underlying Fund;

 

(4)subject to paragraph (3) above, a suspension of or material limitation on trading on the relevant exchange will not include any time when that exchange is closed for trading under ordinary circumstances; and

 

(5)if applicable to an Underlying Fund or an Underlying Index with component stocks listed on the NYSE, for the purpose of clauses (A) and (C) above, any limitations on trading during significant market fluctuations under NYSE Rule 80B, or any applicable rule or regulation enacted or promulgated by the NYSE or any other self-regulatory organization or the SEC of similar scope as determined by the calculation agent, will be considered “material.”

 

The applicable term sheet will identify, if applicable, any additions or changes to the Market Disruption Events for an Underlying Fund, including a commodity-based Underlying Fund.

 

Adjustments to an Index

 

After the applicable pricing date, an Index Publisher may make a material change in the method of calculating an Index or in another way that changes the Index such that it does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the level of the Index had those changes or modifications not been made. In this case, the calculation agent will, at the close of business in New York, New York, on each date that the closing level is to be calculated, make adjustments to the Index. Those adjustments will be made in good faith as necessary to arrive at a calculation of a level of the Index as if those changes or modifications had not been made, and calculate the closing level of the Index, as so adjusted.

 

Discontinuance of an Index

 

After the pricing date, an Index Publisher may discontinue publication of an Index to which an issue of the notes is linked. The Index Publisher or another entity may then publish a substitute index that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, to be comparable to the original Index (a “successor index”). If this occurs, the calculation agent will substitute the successor index as calculated by the relevant Index Publisher or any other entity and calculate the Observation Values and the Ending Value as described under “—The Starting Value, the Observation Value and the Ending Value” or “—Baskets,” as applicable. If the calculation agent selects a successor index, the calculation agent will give written notice of the selection to the trustee, to us and to the holders of the notes.

 

If an Index Publisher discontinues publication of the Index before a Coupon Observation Date, a Call Observation Date or the end of the Maturity Valuation Period and the calculation agent does not select a successor index, then on each day that would have been a

 

PS-33

 

 

Coupon Observation Date, Call Observation Date or calculation day, as applicable, until the earlier to occur of:

 

    the occurrence of a call of the notes (whether by the Issuer or automatically)
       
    the determination of the Ending Value; and
       
    a determination by the calculation agent that a successor index is available,

 

the calculation agent will compute a substitute level for the Index in accordance with the procedures last used to calculate the Index before any discontinuance. The calculation agent will make available to holders of the notes information regarding those levels by means of Bloomberg L.P., Thomson Reuters, a website, or any other means selected by the calculation agent in its reasonable discretion.

 

If a successor index is selected or the calculation agent calculates a level as a substitute as to any Index, the successor index or level will be used as a substitute for all purposes, including for the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event exists.

 

Notwithstanding these alternative arrangements, any modification or discontinuance of the publication of any Index to which your notes are linked may adversely affect trading in the notes.

 

Anti-Dilution and Discontinuance Adjustments Relating to Underlying Funds

 

As to any Underlying Fund, the calculation agent, in its sole discretion, may adjust the Price Multiplier (and as a result, the Observation Values or Ending Value), and any other terms of the notes (such as the Starting Value), if an event described below occurs after the pricing date and on or before the final calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period and if the calculation agent determines that such an event has a diluting or concentrative effect on the theoretical value of the shares of the applicable Underlying Fund or successor underlying fund.

 

The Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund resulting from any of the adjustments specified below will be rounded to the eighth decimal place with five one-billionths being rounded upward. No adjustments to the Price Multiplier will be required unless the adjustment would require a change of at least 0.1% in the Price Multiplier then in effect. Any adjustment that would require a change of less than 0.1% in the Price Multiplier which is not applied at the time of the event may be reflected at the time of any subsequent adjustment that would require a change of the Price Multiplier. The required adjustments specified below do not cover all events that could affect an Underlying Fund.

 

No adjustments to the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund or any other terms of the notes will be required other than those specified below. However, the calculation agent may, at its sole discretion, make additional adjustments or adjustments that differ from those described herein to the Price Multiplier or any other terms of the notes, including the maturity date and the method of determining payments on the notes, to reflect changes to an Underlying Fund if the calculation agent determines in good faith that the adjustment is appropriate to ensure an equitable result.

 

The calculation agent will be solely responsible for the determination of any adjustments to the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund or any other terms of the notes and of any related determinations with respect to any distributions of stock, other securities or other property or assets, including cash, in connection with any event described below; its determinations and calculations will be conclusive absent a determination of a manifest error.

 

PS-34

 

 

No adjustments are required to be made for certain other events, such as offerings of equity securities by the Underlying Fund for cash or in connection with the occurrence of a partial tender or exchange offer for shares of the Underlying Fund by the Underlying Fund.

 

Following an event that results in an adjustment to the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund or any of the other terms of the notes, the calculation agent may (but is not required to) provide holders of the notes with information about that adjustment as it deems appropriate, depending on the nature of the adjustment. Upon written request by any holder of the notes, the calculation agent will provide that holder with information about such adjustment.

 

Anti-Dilution Adjustments

 

The calculation agent, in its sole discretion and as it deems reasonable, may adjust the Price Multiplier for any Underlying Fund and other terms of the notes, and hence the Observation Values or Ending Value, as a result of certain events related to an Underlying Fund, which include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

Share Splits and Reverse Share Splits. If an Underlying Fund is subject to a share split or reverse share split, then once such split has become effective, the Price Multiplier for that Underlying Fund will be adjusted such that the new Price Multiplier will equal the product of:

 

the prior Price Multiplier; and

 

the number of shares that a holder of one share of the Underlying Fund before the effective date of the share split or reverse share split would have owned immediately following the applicable effective date.

 

For example, a two-for-one share split would ordinarily change a Price Multiplier of one into a Price Multiplier of two. In contrast, a one-for-two reverse share split would ordinarily change a Price Multiplier of one into a Price Multiplier of one-half.

 

Share Dividends. If an Underlying Fund is subject to (i) a share dividend (i.e., an issuance of additional shares of Underlying Fund) or (ii) a distribution of additional shares of the Underlying Fund as a result of the triggering of any provision of the organizational documents of the Underlying Fund or otherwise that is given ratably to all holders of the Underlying Fund, then, once the dividend has become effective and the Underlying Fund is trading ex-dividend, the Price Multiplier for that Underlying Fund will be adjusted on the ex-dividend date such that the new Price Multiplier will equal the prior Price Multiplier plus the product of:

 

the prior Price Multiplier; and

 

the number of additional shares issued in the share dividend with respect to one share of the Underlying Fund;

 

provided that no adjustment will be made for a share dividend for which the number of shares of the Underlying Fund paid or distributed is based on a fixed cash equivalent value, unless such distribution is an Extraordinary Dividend (as defined below).

 

For example, a share dividend of one new share for each share held would ordinarily change a Price Multiplier of one into a Price Multiplier of two.

 

Extraordinary Dividends. There will be no adjustments to the Price Multiplier of an Underlying Fund to reflect any cash dividends or cash distributions paid with respect to that

 

PS-35

 

 

Underlying Fund other than Extraordinary Dividends, as described below, and distributions described under “—Other Distributions” and “—Reorganization Events” below.

 

An “Extraordinary Dividend” means, with respect to a cash dividend or other distribution with respect to an Underlying Fund, a dividend or other distribution that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, is not declared or otherwise made according to the relevant Underlying Fund’s then existing policy or practice of paying such dividends on a quarterly or other regular basis. If an Extraordinary Dividend occurs, the Price Multiplier for that Underlying Fund will be adjusted on the ex-dividend date so that the new Price Multiplier will equal the product of:

 

the prior Price Multiplier; and

 

a fraction, the numerator of which is the Closing Market Price per share of the Underlying Fund on the Market Measure Business Day preceding the ex-dividend date and the denominator of which is the amount by which the Closing Market Price per share of the Underlying Fund on that preceding Market Measure Business Day exceeds the Extraordinary Dividend Amount.

 

The “Extraordinary Dividend Amount” with respect to an Extraordinary Dividend will equal:

 

in the case of cash dividends or other distributions that are paid as regular dividends, the amount per share of the applicable Underlying Fund of that Extraordinary Dividend minus the amount per share of the immediately preceding non-Extraordinary Dividend for that share; or

 

in the case of cash dividends or other distributions that are not paid as regular dividends, the amount per share of the applicable Underlying Fund of that Extraordinary Dividend.

 

To the extent an Extraordinary Dividend is not paid in cash, the value of the non-cash component will be determined by the calculation agent, whose determination will be conclusive. A distribution on the applicable Underlying Fund described under “—Other Distributions” and “—Reorganization Events” below that also constitutes an Extraordinary Dividend will only cause an adjustment under those respective sections.

 

Other Distributions. If an Underlying Fund, after the pricing date, declares or makes a distribution to all holders of the shares of the applicable Underlying Fund of any class of its securities (other than shares of the applicable Underlying Fund), evidences of its indebtedness or other non-cash assets, including, but not limited to, transferable rights and warrants, then, in each of these cases, once the distribution has become effective and the shares are trading ex-dividend, the Price Multiplier for such Underlying Fund will be adjusted such that the new Price Multiplier will equal the product of:

 

the prior Price Multiplier; and

 

a fraction, the numerator of which will be the Current Market Price per share of the applicable Underlying Fund, and the denominator of which will be the Current Market Price per share of the applicable Underlying Fund, less the fair market value, as determined by the calculation agent, as of the time the adjustment is effected of the portion of the capital stock, evidences of indebtedness, rights or warrants, or other non-cash assets so distributed or issued applicable to one share of the applicable Underlying Fund.

 

PS-36

 

 

The “Current Market Price” of any Underlying Fund means the arithmetic average of the Closing Market Prices of one share of such Underlying Fund for the five Market Measure Business Days prior to the Market Measure Business Day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date of the distribution requiring an adjustment to the Price Multiplier.

 

Ex-dividend date” means the first Market Measure Business Day on which transactions in the shares of any Underlying Fund trade on the relevant exchange without the right to receive that cash dividend or other cash distribution.

 

The “fair market value” of any such distribution means the value of such distributions on the ex-dividend date for such distribution, as determined by the calculation agent. If such distribution consists of property traded on the ex-dividend date on a U.S. national securities exchange, the fair market value will equal the Closing Market Price of such distributed property on such ex-dividend date.

 

Reorganization Events

 

If after the pricing date and on or before the final calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period as to any Underlying Fund, the Underlying Fund, or its successor, has been subject to a merger, combination, consolidation, or statutory exchange of securities with another exchange traded fund, and the Underlying Fund is not the surviving entity, then, on or after the date of such event, the calculation agent shall, in its sole discretion, make an adjustment to the Price Multiplier for such Underlying Fund or any other terms of the notes as the calculation agent, in its sole discretion, determines appropriate to account for the economic effect on the notes of that event (including adjustments to account for changes in volatility, expected dividends, stock loan rate, or liquidity relevant to the Underlying Fund or to the notes), and determine the effective date of that adjustment. If the calculation agent determines that no adjustment that it could make will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent may deem the Underlying Fund to be de-listed, liquidated, discontinued, or otherwise terminated, the treatment of which is described below under “—Discontinuance of or Material Change to an Underlying Fund.”

 

Discontinuance of or Material Change to an Underlying Fund

 

If shares of an Underlying Fund are de-listed from its primary securities exchange (or any other relevant exchange), liquidated, or otherwise terminated, the calculation agent will substitute an exchange traded fund that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, is comparable to the discontinued Underlying Fund (that exchange traded fund being referred to herein as a “successor underlying fund”). In that event, the calculation agent will adjust the applicable Price Multiplier, as necessary, such that the successor underlying fund closely replicates the performance of the Underlying Fund.

 

If an Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) is de-listed, liquidated, or otherwise terminated and the calculation agent determines that no adequate substitute for the Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) is available, then the calculation agent will, in its sole discretion, calculate the Closing Market Price of that Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate that Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund). If the calculation agent determines that no such computation methodology will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent, in its discretion, may cause the maturity date of the notes to be accelerated as described below.

 

If a successor underlying fund is selected or the calculation agent calculates the Closing Market Price by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as

 

PS-37

 

 

closely as reasonably possible replicate the Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund), that successor underlying fund or substitute computation methodology, as applicable, will be substituted for the Underlying Fund (or that successor underlying fund) for all purposes of the notes.

 

If at any time:

 

an Underlying Index (or the underlying index related to a successor underlying fund) is discontinued or ceases to be published and (i) the Market Measure Publisher of the Underlying Index or another entity does not publish a successor or substitute underlying index that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, to be comparable to the Underlying Index (a “successor underlying index”) or (ii) the Market Measure Publisher of the Underlying Fund does not announce that the Underlying Fund will track the successor underlying index; or

 

an Underlying Fund (or a successor underlying fund) in any way is modified (including, but not limited to, a material change in the investment policies, objectives or methodology of the Underlying Fund, or a material change to the related Underlying Index) so that the Underlying Fund does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the price per share of that Underlying Fund (or that successor underlying fund) had those changes or modifications not been made;

 

then, from and after that time, the calculation agent will make those calculations and adjustments that, in the good faith judgment of the calculation agent, may be necessary in order to arrive at a Closing Market Price of that Underlying Fund (or that successor underlying fund) as if those changes or modifications had not been made. The calculation agent also may determine that no adjustment is required. If the calculation agent determines that no such calculation or adjustment will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent, in its discretion, may cause the maturity date of the notes to be accelerated as described below.

 

The calculation agent will be solely responsible for the method of calculating the Closing Market Price of the Underlying Fund (or any successor underlying fund) and of any related determinations and calculations, and its determinations and calculations with respect thereto will be conclusive in the absence of manifest error.

 

Notwithstanding these alternative arrangements, any modification or discontinuance of the Underlying Fund or the related Underlying Index may adversely affect trading in the notes.

 

If the calculation agent determines that no adjustment that it could make will produce a commercially reasonable result, then the calculation agent, in its discretion, may cause the maturity date of the notes to be accelerated to the fifth business day (the “date of acceleration”) following the date of that determination and the amount payable to you will be calculated as though the date of acceleration were the maturity date of the notes and as if the final calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period were the fifth Market Measure Business Day prior to the date of acceleration. If the notes are Autocallable Notes with Snowball Coupon Payments and the date of acceleration is on or prior to the first scheduled calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period, then the calculation agent shall pro-rate the applicable Call Payment according to the period of time elapsed between the settlement date of the notes and the date of acceleration. In addition, the notes will not bear a default interest rate.

 

PS-38

 

 

Baskets

 

If the Market Measure includes a Basket, the Basket Components and if necessary, the definition of Market Measure Business Day will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. We will assign each Basket Component a weighting (the “Initial Component Weight”) so that each Basket Component represents a percentage of the Starting Value of the Basket on the pricing date. The Basket Components may or may not have equal Initial Component Weights, as set forth in the applicable term sheet.

 

Determination of the Component Ratio for Each Basket Component

 

The “Starting Value” of the Basket will be equal to 100. We will set a fixed factor (the “Component Ratio”) for each Basket Component on the pricing date, based upon the weighting of that Basket Component. The Component Ratio for each Basket Component will equal:

 

the Initial Component Weight (expressed as a percentage) for that Basket Component, multiplied by 100; divided by

 

the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable of that Basket Component on the pricing date.

 

Each Component Ratio will be rounded to eight decimal places.

 

The Component Ratios will be calculated in this way so that the Starting Value of the Basket will equal 100 on the pricing date. The Component Ratios will not be revised subsequent to their determination on the pricing date, except that the calculation agent may in its good faith judgment adjust the Component Ratio of any Basket Component in the event that Basket Component is materially changed or modified in a manner that does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the value of that Basket Component had those material changes or modifications not been made.

 

The following table is for illustration purposes only, and does not reflect the actual composition, Initial Component Weights, or Component Ratios, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

 

Example: The hypothetical Basket Components are Underlying Fund ABC, Index XYZ, and Index RST, with their Initial Component Weights being 50.00%, 25.00% and 25.00%, respectively, on a hypothetical pricing date:

 

Basket Component

Initial Component
Weight

Hypothetical Closing
Level or Closing
Market Price(1)

Hypothetical
Component
Ratio(2)

Initial Basket
Value
Contribution

Underlying Fund ABC 50.00% 500.00 0.10000000 50.00
         
Index XYZ 25.00% 2,420.00 0.01033058 25.00
         
Index RST 25.00% 1,014.00 0.02465483 25.00
         
                                              Starting Value 100.00

 

______________

 

PS-39

 

 

(1) This column sets forth the hypothetical closing level or Closing Market Price, as applicable, of each Basket Component on the hypothetical pricing date.
   
(2) The hypothetical Component Ratio for each Basket Component equals its Initial Component Weight (expressed as a percentage) multiplied by 100, and then divided by the hypothetical closing level or Closing Market Price, as applicable, of that Basket Component on the hypothetical pricing date, with the result rounded to eight decimal places.

 

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable term sheet, if a Market Disruption Event occurs on the pricing date as to any Basket Component or the pricing date is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day for any Basket Component by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration or otherwise, the calculation agent will establish the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of that Basket Component (the “Basket Component Closing Level”), and thus its Component Ratio, based on the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of that Basket Component on the first Market Measure Business Day following the pricing date on which no Market Disruption Event occurs for that Basket Component. In the event that a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day occurs for that Basket Component on the pricing date and on each day thereafter to and including the second scheduled Market Measure Business Day following the pricing date, the calculation agent (not later than the close of business in New York, New York on the second scheduled Market Measure Business Day following the pricing date) will estimate the Basket Component Closing Level, and thus the applicable Component Ratio, in a manner that the calculation agent considers commercially reasonable. The applicable final term sheet will provide the Basket Component Closing Level, a brief statement of the facts relating to the establishment of the Basket Component Closing Level (including the applicable Market Disruption Event(s)), and the applicable Component Ratio.

 

For purposes of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred as to any Basket Component, “Market Disruption Event” will have the meaning stated above in
“—Market Disruption Events.”

 

Observation Value or Ending Value of the Basket

 

The “Observation Value” of the Basket will be the value of the Basket on the applicable Coupon Observation Date or Call Observation Date.

 

The “Ending Value” of the Basket will equal the average of the values of the Basket on each calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period.

 

The calculation agent will calculate the value of the Basket for an applicable day by summing the products of the closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of each Basket Component on such day (multiplied by its Price Multiplier on such day, if applicable) and the Component Ratio for each Basket Component. The value of the Basket will vary based on the increase or decrease in the value of each Basket Component. Any increase in the value of a Basket Component (assuming no change in the value of the other Basket Component or Basket Components) will result in an increase in the value of the Basket. Conversely, any decrease in the value of a Basket Component (assuming no change in the value of the other Basket Component or Basket Components) will result in a decrease in the value of the Basket.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, if, for any Basket Component (an “Affected Basket Component”), (i) a Market Disruption Event occurs on a scheduled Coupon Observation Date, Call Observation Date or calculation day during the Maturity

 

PS-40

 

 

Valuation Period or (ii) any such date is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration, or otherwise (any such day in either (i) or (ii) being a “non-calculation day”), the calculation agent will determine the closing levels or the Closing Market Prices, as applicable, of the Basket Components for that non-calculation day, and as a result, the Observation Values or Ending Value, as follows:

 

The closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of each Basket Component that is not an Affected Basket Component will be its closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, on such non-calculation day.

 

The closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of each Basket Component that is an Affected Basket Component for the applicable non-calculation day will be determined in the same manner as described in “—The Starting Value, the Observation Value and the Ending Value—Observation Value,” and “—The Starting Value, the Observation Value and the Ending Value—Ending Value,” as applicable, provided that references to “Observation Value” or “Ending Value” will be references to “closing level or the Closing Market Price, as applicable, of the Basket Component.”

 

For purposes of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred as to any Basket Component, “Market Disruption Event” will have the meaning stated above in “—Market Disruption Events.”

 

Role of the Calculation Agent

 

The calculation agent has the sole discretion to make all determinations regarding the notes as described in this product supplement, including determinations regarding the Starting Value, the Threshold Value and/or the Call Value, if applicable, the Observation Values, the Ending Value, the Price Multiplier, the Market Measure, the Redemption Amount, any Market Disruption Events, a successor index or successor underlying fund, Market Measure Business Days, business days, calculation days, non-calculation days, any anti-dilution adjustments, and determinations related to any adjustments to, or discontinuance of, any Index or Underlying Fund. Absent manifest error, all determinations of the calculation agent will be conclusive for all purposes and final and binding on you and us, without any liability on the part of the calculation agent.

 

We expect to appoint BofAS or one of its affiliates as the calculation agent for each issue of the notes. However, we may change the calculation agent at any time without notifying you. The identity of the calculation agent will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

 

Payment of Additional Amounts

 

We will pay any amounts required to be paid by us on the notes without deduction or withholding for, or on account of, any and all present or future income, stamp and other taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges or fees (“taxes”) now or hereafter imposed, levied, collected, withheld, or assessed by or on behalf of Canada or any Canadian political subdivision or authority that has the power to tax, unless the deduction or withholding is required by law or by the interpretation or administration thereof by the relevant governmental authority. At any time a Canadian taxing authority requires us to deduct or withhold for or on account of taxes from any payment made under or in respect of the notes, we will pay such additional amounts (“Additional Amounts”) as may be necessary, so that the net amounts received by each holder (including Additional Amounts), after such deduction or withholding, shall not be less than the amount the holder would have received had no such deduction or withholding been required.

 

PS-41

 

 

However, no Additional Amounts will be payable with respect to a payment made to a holder of a note or of a right to receive payments in respect thereto (a “Payment Recipient”), which we refer to as an “Excluded Holder,” in respect of any taxes imposed because the beneficial owner or Payment Recipient:

 

(i)is someone with whom we do not deal at arm’s length (within the meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada)), or is entitled to the payment in respect of a debt or other obligation to pay an amount to such a person, at the time of making such payment;

 

(ii)is subject to such taxes by reason of the holder being connected presently or formerly with Canada or any province or territory thereof otherwise than by reason of the holder’s activity in connection with purchasing the notes, the holding of the notes or the receipt of payments thereunder;

 

(iii)is or does not deal at arm’s length with a person who is, a “specified shareholder” (within the meaning of subsection 18(5) of the Income Tax Act (Canada)) of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (generally a person will be a “specified shareholder” for this purpose if that person, either alone or together with persons with whom the person does not deal at arm’s length for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada), owns 25% or more of (a) our voting shares, or (b) the fair market value of all of our issued and outstanding shares);

 

(iv)is someone in respect of which we are a “specified entity” (as defined in proposed subsection 18.4(1) of the Income Tax Act (Canada) contained in proposals to amend the Income Tax Act (Canada) released on April 29, 2022, as such proposals may be amended);

 

(v)presents such notes for payment (where presentation is required) more than 30 days after the relevant date; for this purpose, the “relevant date” in relation to any payments on any note means:

 

(a)the due date for payment thereof (whether at maturity or upon an earlier acceleration), or

 

(b)if the full amount of the monies payable on such date has not been received by the trustee on or prior to such due date, the date on which the full amount of such monies has been received and notice to that effect is given to holders of the notes in accordance with the indenture;

 

(vi)could lawfully avoid or reduce the rate of (but has not so avoided or reduced the rate of) such withholding or deduction by complying, or requiring that any agent comply with, any statutory requirements or administrative practice of the relevant taxing authority necessary to establish qualification for an exemption from or reduction to withholding or by making, or requiring that any agent make, a declaration of non-residence or other similar claim for exemption to any relevant taxing authority; provided that a holder who could lawfully reduce the rate of withholding but who was not entitled to a full exemption therefrom shall only be excluded from the payment of Additional Amounts under this clause (vi) to the extent of such reduction; or

 

(vii)is subject to deduction or withholding on account of any tax, assessment, or other governmental charge that is imposed or withheld by reason of the application of Section 1471 through 1474 of the United States Internal Revenue

 

PS-42

 

 

Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (or any successor provisions), any regulation, pronouncement, or agreement thereunder, official interpretations thereof, or any law implementing an intergovernmental approach thereto, whether currently in effect or as published and amended from time to time.

 

For purposes of clause (v) above, if the notes are presented for payment more than 30 days after the relevant date, we shall only be required to pay such Additional Amounts as would have been payable if the notes had been presented for payment on such 30th day, and no further Additional Amounts shall accrue or become payable after such date.

 

For the avoidance of doubt, we will not have any obligation to pay any holders Additional Amounts on any tax which is payable otherwise than by deduction or withholding from payments made under or in respect of the notes.

 

We will also make such withholding or deduction and remit the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant taxing authority in accordance with applicable law. We will furnish to the trustee, within 30 days after the date the payment of any taxes is due pursuant to applicable law, certified copies of tax receipts evidencing that such payment has been made or other evidence of such payment satisfactory to the trustee. We will indemnify and hold harmless each holder of the notes (other than an Excluded Holder) and upon written request reimburse each such holder for the amount of (x) any such taxes levied or imposed and paid by such holder as a result of payments made under or with respect to the notes and (y) any taxes levied or imposed and paid by such holder with respect to any reimbursement under (x) above, but excluding any such taxes on such holder’s net income or capital.

 

For additional information, see “Material Income Tax Consequences—Canadian Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus and, where applicable, any supplement thereto in the applicable term sheet.

 

Tax Redemption

 

We may redeem the notes offered under a particular term sheet (such notes are referred to below as the “affected notes”) at any time, in whole but not in part, upon the giving of a notice as described below, if:

 

as a result of any change (including any announced prospective change) in or amendment (including any announced proposed amendment) to the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of Canada or of any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein affecting taxation, or any change in official position regarding the application or interpretation of such laws, regulations or rulings (including a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction), which change or amendment is announced or becomes effective on or after the date of the applicable term sheet, and which in the written opinion to us of legal counsel of recognized standing has resulted, will or is more likely than not to result (assuming, in the case of any announced prospective change, that such announced change will become effective as of the date specified in such announcement and in the form announced) in us becoming obligated to pay, on the next succeeding date on which any payment on the affected notes is due, additional amounts with respect to the affected notes as described under “—Payment of Additional Amounts”; or

 

on or after the date of the applicable term sheet, any action has been taken by any taxing authority of, or any decision has been rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction in, Canada or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or

 

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therein, including any of those actions specified in the paragraph immediately above, whether or not such action was taken or decision was rendered with respect to us, or any change, amendment, application or interpretation shall be officially proposed, which, in any such case, in the written opinion to us of legal counsel of recognized standing, will result or is more likely than not to result (assuming, in the case of any announced prospective change, that such announced change will become effective as of the date specified in such announcement and in the form announced) in us becoming obligated to pay, on the next succeeding date on which any payment on the affected notes is due, additional amounts with respect to the affected notes as described under “—Payment of Additional Amounts”;

 

and, in any such case, we, in our business judgment, determine that such obligation cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures available to us. For the avoidance of doubt, reasonable measures do not include a change in the terms of the notes or a substitution of the issuer. If we exercise this right, the redemption price will be equal to the Redemption Amount described under “—Payment at Maturity,” determined as if the Tax Redemption Date (as defined below) were the maturity date of the affected notes and as if the final calculation day of the Maturity Valuation Period were the fifth Market Measure Business Day prior to the Tax Redemption Date.

 

If the notes are Autocallable Notes with Snowball Coupon Payments and the Tax Redemption Date is on or prior to the first scheduled calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period, then the redemption price will be determined as described under “—Call Feature,” as if the next scheduled Call Observation Date were the fifth Market Measure Business Day prior to the Tax Redemption Date, provided that the applicable Observation Value as of that date is greater than or equal to the Call Value. In such a case, the calculation agent shall pro-rate the applicable Call Payment according to the period of time elapsed between the settlement date of the notes and the Tax Redemption Date. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Observation Value of the Market Measure as of that date is less than the Call Value, the payment on the notes will be calculated as set forth in the prior paragraph.

 

Notice of intention to redeem the notes will be given to the trustee, the calculation agent and the holders of such notes at least 5 Business Days and no more than 20 Business Days prior to the date fixed for redemption (the “Tax Redemption Date”) and such notice will specify, among other things, the Tax Redemption Date.

 

If we elect to redeem the notes prior to maturity for reasons listed above, the return on your notes may be less, or significantly less, than the return on the notes had the notes not been redeemed early. See “Risk Factors—Tax-related Risks—The notes may be redeemed prior to maturity because of changes in Canadian tax laws, and the return on the notes may be adversely affected” above.

 

Same-Day Settlement and Payment

 

The notes will be delivered in book-entry form only through The Depository Trust Company against payment by purchasers of the notes in immediately available funds. We will pay the amounts payable on the notes in immediately available funds so long as the notes are maintained in book-entry form.

 

Events of Default and Acceleration

 

Events of default are defined in the indenture. Subject to the below paragraph, if such an event occurs and is continuing, unless otherwise stated in the applicable term sheet, the amount payable to a holder of the notes upon any acceleration permitted under the indenture

 

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will be equal to the Redemption Amount described under “—Payment at Maturity,” determined as if the date of acceleration were the maturity date of the notes and as if the final calculation day of the Maturity Valuation Period were the fifth Market Measure Business Day prior to the date of acceleration.

 

If the notes are Autocallable Notes with Snowball Coupon Payments and an event of default occurs on or prior to the first scheduled calculation day during the Maturity Valuation Period, then the payment on the notes will be determined as described under “—Call Feature,” as if the next scheduled Call Observation Date were the fifth Market Measure Business Day prior to the date of acceleration, provided that the applicable Observation Value as of that date is greater than or equal to the Call Value. In such a case, the calculation agent shall pro-rate the applicable Call Payment according to the period of time elapsed between the settlement date of the notes and the date of acceleration. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Observation Value of the Market Measure as of that date is less than the Call Value, the payment on the notes will be calculated as set forth in the prior paragraph.

 

If a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced in respect of us, your claim may be limited under applicable bankruptcy law. In case of a default in payment of the notes, whether at their maturity or upon acceleration, they will not bear a default interest rate. For additional discussion of these matters, please see “Description of Senior Debt Securities—Modification and Waiver of the Senior Debt Securities” beginning on page 4 and “—Events of Default” beginning on page 9 in the accompanying prospectus.

 

Listing

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange.

 

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SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

BofAS and one or more of its affiliates may act as our agents for any offering of the notes. The agents may act on either a principal basis or an agency basis, as set forth in the applicable term sheet. Each agent will be a party to the distribution agreement described in the “Supplemental Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” on page S-45 of the accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

Each agent will receive an underwriting discount that is a percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the notes sold through its efforts, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. You must have an account with the applicable agent in order to purchase the notes.

 

None of the agents is acting as your fiduciary or advisor solely as a result of the making of any offering of the notes, and you should not rely upon this product supplement, the applicable term sheet, or the accompanying prospectus or prospectus supplement as investment advice or a recommendation to purchase any notes. You should make your own investment decision regarding the notes after consulting with your legal, tax, and other advisors.

 

We, BofAS and our respective affiliates may use this product supplement, the prospectus supplement and the prospectus, together with the applicable term sheet, in market-making transactions for any notes after their initial sale solely for the purpose of providing investors with the description of the terms of the notes that were made available to investors in connection with the initial distribution of the notes. Secondary market investors should not, and will not be authorized to rely on these documents for information regarding Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce or for any purpose other than that described in the immediately preceding sentence.

 

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Canadian Federal Income Tax summary

 

An investor should read carefully the description of material Canadian federal income tax considerations relevant to a Non-Resident Holder owning debt securities under “Material Income Tax Consequences—Canadian Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus (as defined therein). Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to the notes may be described particularly when such notes are offered in the applicable term sheet related thereto and, in that event, the disclosure in the accompanying prospectus will be superseded in such term sheet to the extent indicated therein.

 

U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX summary

 

The following summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the notes is based upon the Code, regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Treasury Department (“Treasury”) (including proposed and temporary regulations), rulings, current administrative interpretations and official pronouncements of the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion supplements, and to the extent inconsistent supersedes, the discussion under “Material Income Tax Consequences—United States Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. This summary does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments, or of any foreign government, that may be applicable to a particular holder. If the tax consequences associated with the notes are different than those described below, they will be described in the applicable term sheet.

 

This summary is directed solely to U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders (each as defined in the prospectus) that, except as otherwise specifically noted, will purchase the notes upon original issuance and will hold the notes as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code, which generally means property held for investment, and that are not excluded from the discussion under “ Material Income Tax Consequences—United States Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus.

 

You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the notes, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, foreign, or other tax jurisdiction and the possible effects of changes in U.S. federal or other tax laws.

 

General

 

Although there is no statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addressing the characterization of the notes, we intend to treat the notes for all tax purposes as prepaid cash-settled derivative contracts with respect to the Market Measure, and under the terms of the notes, we and every investor in the notes agree, in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to treat the notes in accordance with such characterization. In the opinion of Mayer Brown LLP, our special U.S. tax counsel, it is reasonable to treat the notes as prepaid cash-settled derivative contracts with respect to the Market Measure. This discussion assumes that the notes constitute prepaid cash-settled derivative contracts with respect to the Market Measure for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the notes did not constitute prepaid cash-settled derivative contracts, the tax consequences described below would be materially different.

 

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This characterization of the notes is not binding on the IRS or the courts. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the notes or any similar instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no ruling is being requested from the IRS with respect to their proper characterization and treatment. Due to the absence of authorities on point, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are not certain, and no assurance can be given that the IRS or any court will agree with the characterization and tax treatment described in this product supplement. Accordingly, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative characterizations.

 

Unless otherwise stated, the following discussion is based on the characterization described above. The discussion in this section assumes that there is a significant possibility of a significant loss of principal on an investment in the notes.

 

We will not attempt to ascertain whether the issuer of a Market Measure or the issuer of any component stock included in or held by the Market Measure would be treated as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”), within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code, or a United States real property holding corporation, within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code. If the issuer of a Market Measure or the issuer of one or more stocks included in or held by the Market Measure were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to a holder of the notes. You should refer to information filed with the SEC by the issuer of any Market Measure or the issuers of the component stocks included in or held by the Market Measure and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you, if any, if any issuer of a Market Measure or any issuer of a component stock included in or held by the Market Measure is or becomes a PFIC or is or becomes a United States real property holding corporation.

 

U.S. Holders

 

Upon receipt of a cash payment at maturity or upon a sale or exchange of the notes prior to maturity, subject to the discussion below regarding Section 1260 of the Code, a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized (other than amounts representing accrued but unpaid coupons) and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the notes. A U.S. holder’s tax basis in the notes will equal the amount paid by that holder to acquire them. This capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder held the notes for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

Although the tax treatment of the coupon payments is unclear, we intend to treat any such payments, including on the Maturity Date, as ordinary income includible in income by U.S. holders at the time it accrues or is received in accordance with such holder’s normal method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Section 1260 of the Code. Section 1260 of the Code sets forth rules which are applicable to what it refers to as “constructive ownership transactions.” Due to the manner in which it is drafted, the precise applicability of Section 1260 of the Code to any particular transaction is often uncertain. If a Market Measure, or one or more of the entities included in, or owned by, a Market Measure, as the case may be, is treated as a “regulated investment company” (including an exchange-traded fund), “real estate investment trust,” partnership, trust, or PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or otherwise as a “pass-thru entity” for purposes of Section 1260 of the Code (a “pass-thru entity”), it is possible that U.S. holders will be subject to the “constructive ownership” rules of Section 1260 of the Code. In general, a “constructive ownership transaction” includes a contract under which an investor will receive

 

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payment equal to or credit for the future value of any equity interest in a “pass-thru entity” (such as shares of certain Market Measures (the “Underlying Shares”)). Under the “constructive ownership” rules, if an investment in the notes is treated as a “constructive ownership transaction,” any long-term capital gain recognized by a U.S. holder in respect of the notes will be recharacterized as ordinary income to the extent such gain exceeds the amount of “net underlying long-term capital gain” (as defined in Section 1260 of the Code) of the U.S. holder determined as if the U.S. holder had acquired the Underlying Shares on the original issue date of the notes at fair market value and sold them at fair market value on the maturity date (if the notes were held until the maturity date) or on the date of sale or exchange of the notes (if the notes were sold or exchanged prior to the maturity date) (the “Excess Gain”). In addition, an interest charge will also apply to any deemed underpayment of tax in respect of any Excess Gain to the extent such gain would have resulted in gross income inclusion for the U.S. holder in taxable years prior to the taxable year of the sale, exchange or maturity of the notes (assuming such income accrued at a constant rate equal to the applicable federal rate as of the date of sale, exchange or maturity of the notes). Furthermore, unless otherwise established by clear and convincing evidence, the “net underlying long-term capital gain” is treated as zero.

 

If such treatment applies, it is not entirely clear to what extent any long-term capital gain recognized by a U.S. holder in respect of the notes will be recharacterized as ordinary income. It is possible, for example, that the amount of the Excess Gain (if any) that would be recharacterized as ordinary income in respect of each note will equal the excess of (i) any long-term capital gain recognized by the U.S. holder in respect of such a note over (ii) the “net underlying long-term capital gain” such U.S. holder would have had if such U.S. holder had acquired a number of the Underlying Shares at fair market value on the original issue date of such notes for an amount equal to the “issue price” of the notes and, upon the date of sale, exchange or maturity of the notes, sold such Underlying Shares at fair market value (which would reflect the percentage increase in the value of the Underlying Shares over the term of the notes). Accordingly, it is possible that all or a portion of any gain on the sale or settlement of the notes after one year could be treated as “Excess Gain” from a “constructive ownership transaction,” which gain would be recharacterized as ordinary income, and subject to an interest charge.

 

Alternative Tax Treatments. Due to the absence of authorities that directly address the proper tax treatment of the notes, prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding all possible alternative tax treatments of an investment in the notes. In particular, if the notes have a term that exceeds one year, the IRS could seek to subject the notes to the Treasury regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments. If the IRS were successful in that regard, the timing and character of income on the notes would be affected significantly. Among other things, a U.S. holder would be required to accrue original issue discount every year at a “comparable yield” determined at the time of issuance. In addition, any gain realized by a U.S. holder at maturity, or upon a sale, call or exchange of the notes generally would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized at maturity or upon a sale, call or exchange of the notes generally would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the U.S. holder’s prior accruals of original issue discount, and as capital loss thereafter. If the notes have a term of one year or less, a U.S. holder who uses the accrual method of accounting generally should be required to accrue any original issue discount on the notes on a straight-line basis. At maturity or upon a sale, call or exchange, a U.S. holder using either a cash or accrual method of accounting generally should recognize taxable gain (all or a portion of which may be treated as ordinary income) or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and such holder’s tax basis in the notes.

 

The IRS released Notice 2008-2 (“Notice”) which sought comments from the public on the taxation of financial instruments currently taxed as “prepaid forward contracts.” This

 

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Notice addresses instruments such as the notes. According to the Notice, the IRS and Treasury are considering whether a holder of an instrument such as the notes should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis, regardless of whether any payments are made prior to maturity. It is not possible to determine what guidance the IRS and Treasury will ultimately issue, if any. Any such future guidance may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain, or loss in respect of the notes, possibly with retroactive effect.

 

The IRS and Treasury are also considering additional issues, including whether additional gain or loss from such instruments should be treated as ordinary or capital, whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, whether Section 1260 of the Code generally applies or should generally apply to such instruments, and whether any of these determinations depend on the nature of the underlying asset.

 

In addition, proposed Treasury regulations require the accrual of income on a current basis for contingent payments made under certain notional principal contracts. The preamble to the regulations states that the “wait and see” method of accounting does not properly reflect the economic accrual of income on those contracts, and requires current accrual of income for some contracts already in existence. While the proposed regulations do not apply to prepaid forward contracts, the preamble to the proposed regulations expresses the view that similar timing issues exist in the case of prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS or Treasury publishes future guidance requiring current economic accrual for contingent payments on prepaid forward contracts, it is possible that you could be required to accrue income over the term of the notes.

 

Because of the absence of authority regarding the appropriate tax characterization of the notes, it is also possible that the IRS could seek to characterize the notes in a manner that results in tax consequences that are different from those described above. For example, the IRS could possibly assert that any gain or loss that a holder may recognize at maturity or upon the sale or exchange of the notes should be treated as ordinary gain or loss. It is possible that the IRS could assert that a U.S. holder’s holding period in respect of the notes should end on the first calculation date during the Maturity Valuation Period, even though such holder will not receive any amounts in respect of the notes prior to the redemption or maturity of the notes. In such case, if the first calculation date during the Maturity Valuation Period is not in excess of one year from the original issue date, a U.S. holder may be treated as having a holding period in respect of the notes equal to one year or less, in which case any gain or loss such holder recognizes at such time would be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.

 

If a Market Measure is or includes an index that periodically rebalances, it is possible that the notes could be treated as a series of income-bearing pre-paid executory contracts, each of which matures on the next rebalancing date.  If the notes were properly characterized in such a manner, a U.S. holder would be treated as disposing of the notes on each rebalancing date in return for new notes that mature on the next rebalancing date, and a U.S. holder would accordingly likely recognize capital gain or loss on each rebalancing date equal to the difference between the holder’s tax basis in the notes (which would be adjusted to take into account any prior recognition of gain or loss) and the fair market value of the notes on such date.

 

Non-U.S. Holders

 

Except as provided below, we do not intend to treat amount paid in respect of the notes to a non-U.S. holder as subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax, provided that the non-U.S. holder complies with applicable certification requirements and that the payment is not effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a U.S. trade or business. Notwithstanding the foregoing, payments on the notes may be subject to U.S. federal income

 

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tax if that non-U.S. holder is a non-resident alien individual and is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year of such payments and certain other conditions are satisfied.

 

If a non-U.S. holder of the notes is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business within the United States and payments in respect of the notes are effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business (and, if certain tax treaties apply, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States), the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on payments in respect of the notes on a net income basis in the same manner as if it were a U.S. holder. Such non-U.S. holders should read the material under “—U.S. Holders” above for a description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the notes. In addition, if such non-U.S. holder is a foreign corporation, it may also be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate provided by any applicable tax treaty) of a portion of its earnings and profits for the taxable year that are effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States, subject to certain adjustments.

 

Notwithstanding the above, if we or another withholding agent determine withholding is appropriate with respect to any payments on the notes, we or such other withholding agent may withhold on any such payments at a 30% rate unless such non-U.S. holder submits a properly completed IRS Form W-8 appropriate to their circumstances that reduces or eliminates such withholding. We will not pay additional amounts on account of any withholding tax.

 

A “dividend equivalent” payment is treated as a dividend from sources within the United States and such payments generally would be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax if paid to a non-U.S. holder. Under Treasury regulations, payments (including deemed payments) with respect to equity-linked instruments (“ELIs”) that are “specified ELIs” may be treated as dividend equivalents if such specified ELIs reference an interest in an “underlying security,” which is generally any interest in an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if a payment with respect to such interest could give rise to a U.S. source dividend. However, IRS guidance provides that withholding on dividend equivalent payments will not apply to specified ELIs that are not delta-one instruments and that are issued before January 1, 2025. Except as otherwise set forth in any applicable term sheet, we expect that the delta of the notes issued pursuant to this product supplement with respect to the Market Measure will not be one, and therefore, we expect that non-U.S. holders should not be subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments, if any, under the notes. However, it is possible that the notes could be treated as deemed reissued for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the occurrence of certain events affecting the Market Measure or the notes, and following such occurrence the notes could be treated as subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments. Non-U.S. holders that enter, or have entered, into other transactions in respect of the Market Measure or the notes should consult their tax advisors as to the application of the dividend equivalent withholding tax in the context of the notes and their other transactions. If any payments are treated as dividend equivalents subject to withholding, we (or the applicable paying agent) would be entitled to withhold taxes without being required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.

 

As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization, by reason of change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments as to the notes to become subject to withholding tax, or if we determine that there is a material risk that we are required to withhold on any payments on the notes, tax will be withheld at the applicable statutory rate. As discussed above, the IRS has indicated in the Notice that it is considering whether income

 

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in respect of instruments such as the notes should be subject to withholding tax. Prospective non-U.S. holders of the notes should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

 

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

 

Please see the discussions under “Material Income Tax Consequences—United States Taxation— Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting” and “Material Income Tax Consequences—United States Taxation—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders—Backup Withholding and Information Reporting for Non-U.S. Holders” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of the backup withholding and information reporting rules to payments made on the notes.

 

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