8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock.

Pursuant to our Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, we currently have 150,000,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance. On December 20, 2018, the Company’s shareholders approved the proposal to authorize the Company’s Board of Directors to, in its discretion, amend the Company’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 150,000,000 shares to 250,000,000 shares.

On February 12, 2018, the Company issued 120,983 shares of its common stock in exchange for approximately $1.9 million of debt obligations. See Note 4 – Convertible Notes.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 208,000 shares of its common stock in connection with conversions of its Series B Preferred Stock and 223,022 shares of its common stock in connection with conversions of its Series C Preferred Stock. Aside from 4,000 shares of common stock issued in connection with conversions of its Series C Preferred Stock, all of the shares of common stock issued for the three months ended March 31, 2018 in connection with conversions of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock (together the “Preferred Stock”) were issued after the Company induced the holders of its Preferred Stock to convert their shares of Preferred Stock to shares of the company’s common stock (see below - Preferred Stock induced conversions).

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 20,000 shares of its common stock in connection with the exercise of 20,000 warrants. The warrant exercises resulted in net cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Also, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company issued 1,248,115 shares of its common stock in connection with the conversion of convertible notes. See Note 4 – Convertible Notes.

2018 Purchase Agreement

On February 8, 2018 the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “2018 Purchase Agreement”) with Leviston for the purchase of up to $8,000,000 (the “Aggregate Amount”) of shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock from time to time, at the Company’s option. Shares offered and sold prior to February 13, 2018 were issued pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S‑3 (and the related prospectus) that the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and which was declared effective by the SEC on February 13, 2015 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”).

Leviston purchased 48,076 shares (the “Investor Shares”) of the Company’s common stock following the close of business on February 9, 2018, subject to customary closing conditions, at a price per share of $15.60 for approximately $750,000. The shares were sold pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement. The Company incurred approximately $132,000 in costs which have been treated as issuance costs within additional paid-in capital in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As required by the terms of the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the Company timely filed an S-1 on April 16, 2018. The S-1 Registration Statement was not declared effective by the SEC and on August 10, 2018 the Company filed a withdrawal request with the SEC. No securities had been issued or sold under this Registration Statement. The Company determined not to proceed with the offering as the Company sought to re-negotiate the terms of the equity purchase agreement in order to comply with the requirements of the SEC pursuant to a letter from the SEC dated August 7, 2018.

In consideration of Leviston’s agreement to enter into the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to Leviston a commitment fee in shares of the Company’s common stock equal in value to 5.25% of the total Aggregate Amount (the “Leviston Commitment Shares”), payable in three installments upon achieving certain milestones. The first installment of 1.75% was due on or before February 12, 2018 and this amount, of $140,000, was paid to Leviston through the issuance of 11,380 shares of the Company’s common stock on February 12, 2018.

In accordance with the terms of the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the Company provided Leviston with a price protection provision, if the Company issues any warrants in connection with issuances, sales or an agreement in writing to issue common stock or common stock equivalents by the Company, Leviston will have the right to receive a proportionate amount of such warrants, cash or shares, at Leviston’s sole election, valued using the Black Scholes formula. As a result of 2018 Note Agreement and the April 2018 Warrants issued, the Company was required to provide Leviston with a proportionate and equivalent coverage in the form of warrants, stock or cash in the amount of approximately $460,000. As Leviston has the ability to elect the form of compensation, the Company has recorded the $460,000 as a liability as of December 31, 2018, within the other current liabilities line of the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had a total of $0.7 million in accruals (see Note 5 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities) for potential obligations to Leviston, but had not issued any additional shares or made any payments to Leviston. On January 29, 2019, the Company entered into the Leviston Settlement pursuant to which the Company issued to Leviston the Leviston Note in full satisfaction of all obligations owed to Leviston. See Note 4 – Convertible Notes for further details of the Note.

LP Purchase Agreement

On September 7, 2018, the Company entered into the LP Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from the Company up to an aggregate of $10,000,000 of common stock of the Company (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the term of the LP Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the LP Purchase Agreement, on the agreement date, the Company issued 40,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of common stock of the Company under the LP Purchase Agreement (the “LP Commitment Shares”). Also on September 7, 2018, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park (the “LP Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which on September 14, 2018, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, 466,666 shares of common stock, which includes the LP Commitment Shares, that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on September 28, 2018. As of January 16, 2019, all shares registered under this S-1 had been sold and/or issued to Lincoln Park. On February 1, 2019, the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement. The Form S-1 was declared effective by the SEC on February 12, 2019.

Under the LP Purchase Agreement, the Company may, from time to time and at its sole discretion, on any single business day on which the closing price of its common stock is not less than $1.50 per share (subject to adjustment for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction as provided in the LP Purchase Agreement), direct Lincoln Park to purchase shares of its common stock in amounts up to 30,000 shares, which amounts may be increased to up to 36,666 shares depending on the market price of its common stock at the time of sale and subject to a maximum commitment by Lincoln Park of $1,000,000 per single purchase, which the Company refers to as “regular purchases”, plus other “accelerated amounts” and/or “additional accelerated amounts” under certain circumstances. The Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of its common stock to Lincoln Park. The purchase price of the shares that may be sold to Lincoln Park in regular purchases under the LP Purchase Agreement will be based on the market price of the common stock of the Company preceding the time of sale as computed under the LP Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute such price. The Company may at any time in its sole discretion terminate the LP Purchase Agreement without fee, penalty or cost upon one business day notice. There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the LP Purchase Agreement or LP Registration Rights Agreement, other than a prohibition on the Company entering into certain types of transactions that are defined in the LP Purchase Agreement as “Variable Rate Transactions”. Lincoln Park may not assign or transfer its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement.

Under applicable rules of The Nasdaq Capital Market, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement more than 19.99% of the shares of its common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the LP Purchase Agreement (which is 308,590 shares based on 1,543,724 shares outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the LP Purchase Agreement), which limitation the Company refers to as the Exchange Cap, unless (i) the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap or (ii) the average price of all applicable sales of the Company’s common stock to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement equals or exceeds $7.05 (which represents the closing consolidated bid price of the Company’s common stock on September 7, 2018, plus an incremental amount to account for the issuance of the LP Commitment Shares to Lincoln Park), such that issuances and sales of the Company’s common stock to Lincoln Park under the LP Purchase Agreement would be exempt from the Exchange Cap limitation under applicable Nasdaq rules. In any event, the LP Purchase Agreement specifically provides that the Company may not issue or sell any shares of its common stock under the LP Purchase Agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable Nasdaq rules.

The LP Purchase Agreement also prohibits the Company from directing Lincoln Park to purchase any shares of common stock if those shares, when aggregated with all other shares of the Company’s common stock then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park and its affiliates, would result in Lincoln Park and its affiliates having beneficial ownership, at any single point in time, of more than 4.99% of the then total outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and Rule 13d-3 thereunder, which limitation the Company refers to as the Beneficial Ownership Cap as defined in the LP Agreement.

Between October 2, 2018 and December 31, 2018, 328,590 shares of the Company’s common stock were sold pursuant to the LP Purchase agreement for approximately $1.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 758,076 shares of the Company’s common stock were sold pursuant to the LP Purchase agreement for approximately $1.7 million.

Preferred Stock.

The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to issue up to 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, from time to time, with such designations, powers, preferences and rights and such qualifications, limitations and restrictions as may be provided in a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors.

Series B Preferred Stock.

On August 25, 2017, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) with the State of Delaware which designates 6,900 shares of our preferred stock as Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and a par value of $0.01 per share. The Series B Preferred Stock includes a beneficial ownership blocker but has no dividend rights (except to the extent dividends are also paid on the common stock).

The 2018 Purchase Agreement triggered the down round feature of the Series B Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from the reduced $21.00 per share price, related to the 2017 Series C issuance, to $15.60 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $1.4 million which was recognized as a deemed dividend during the three months ended March 31, 2018 (“Deemed Dividend A”).

The 2018 Inducement Agreement, discussed below, triggered the down round feature of the Series B Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from $15.60 per share to $11.25 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $40,000 which was recognized as a deemed dividend during the three months ended March 31, 2018 (“Deemed Dividend B”).

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, 2,340 shares of Series B Preferred Stock were converted into 208,000 shares of our common stock.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 6,900 shares of Series B designated and issued and 47 shares of Series B outstanding.

Series C Preferred Stock

On November 6, 2017, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”) with the State of Delaware which designates 2,748 shares of our preferred stock as Series C Preferred Stock. The Series C Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 per share and a par value of $0.01 per share.

The conversion price of the Series C Preferred Stock contains a down round feature. The 2018 Purchase Agreement triggered the down round feature of the Series C Preferred Stock and, as a result, the conversion price of the Company’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock was automatically adjusted from $21.00 per share to $15.60 per share. In connection with the down round adjustment, the Company calculated an incremental beneficial conversion feature of approximately $0.8 million which was recognized as a deemed dividend during the three months ended March 31, 2018 (“Deemed Dividend C”).

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, 2,548 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were converted into 223,022 shares of our common stock.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had 2,748 shares of Series C designated and issued and zero shares of Series C outstanding.

Preferred Stock induced conversions

On March 21, 2018, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “2018 Inducement Agreement”) with certain holders of shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock (together the “Preferred Stock”), and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock issued in the Company’s public offering in August 2017 and registered direct offering in November 2017. Pursuant to the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the Company and the investors agreed that, as a result of the issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to that Purchase Agreement, dated February 8, 2018, by and between the Company and the investor named therein, and effective as of the time of execution of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Warrants was reduced to $11.25 per share (the “Exercise Price Reduction”) and the conversion price of the Preferred Stock was reduced to $11.25 (the “Conversion Price Reduction”). As consideration for the Company’s agreement to the Exercise Price Reduction and the Conversion Price Reduction, (i) each investor agreed to convert the shares of Preferred Stock held by such investor into shares of Common Stock and (ii) one investor agreed to exercise 44,444 Warrants and another investor agreed to exercise 33,333 Warrants all as of the date of the 2018 Inducement Agreement. As discussed above, as of March 31, 2019, all shares of Preferred Stock, except 47 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, were converted to shares of our common stock pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Inducement Agreement and 20,000 Warrants were exercised at the $11.25 exercise price.

The 2018 Inducement Agreement represented an inducement by the Company to convert shares of the Preferred Stock. The conversion price of the Preferred Stock and the exercise price of the Warrants were reduced from $15.60 per share to $11.25 per share, respectively. The Company calculated the fair value of the additional securities and consideration to be approximately $1.2 million (“Deemed Dividend D”). During the three months ended March 31, 2018, this amount was recorded as a charge to additional paid-in-capital and as a deemed dividend resulting in a reduction of income available to common shareholders in our basic earnings per share calculation.

Common Stock Warrants.

The following represents a summary of the warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2019:


			Underlying	Exercise
	Issue Year	Expiration	Shares	Price
Warrants Assumed in Merger
(1)	2014	April 2020	832	$	1,800.00
(2)	2015	February 2020	1,588	$	1,008.00
(3)	2015	December 2020	272	$	747.00
(4)	2016	January 2021	596	$	544.50

Warrants
(5)	2017	June 2022	2,540	$	41.25
(5)	2017	June 2022	500	$	7.50
(6)	2017	June 2022	6,095	$	105.00
(7)	2017	August 2022	32,000	$	2.25
(8)	2017	August 2022	4,000	$	46.88
(9)	2017	August 2022	47,995	$	150.00
(9)	2017	August 2022	9,101	$	7.50
(10)	2017	August 2022	16,664	$	2.25
(10)	2017	August 2022	7,335	$	2.25
(11)	2017	October 2022	666	$	2.25
(12)	2017	May 2023	25,037	$	2.25
(13)	2018	October 2022	7,207	$	112.50
(14)	2018	April 2019	121,611	$	7.50
(14)	2018	April 2023	121,611	$	7.50
(15)	2018	October 2022	15,466	$	11.25
(16)	2018	July 2019	25,501	$	7.50
(16)	2018	July 2023	25,501	$	7.50
(16)	2018	August 2019	36,333	$	7.50
(16)	2018	August 2023	36,333	$	7.50
(16)	2018	September 2019	36,333	$	7.50
(16)	2018	September 2023	36,333	$	7.50
(17)	2018	November 2023	138,941	$	5.40
(17)	2018	December 2023	161,172	$	5.40
			917,563

(1)

These warrants were issued in connection with a private placement which was completed in October 2014.

(2)

These warrants were issued in connection with an offering which was completed in February 2015.

(3)

These warrants were issued in connection with an offering which was completed in July 2015.

(4)

These warrants were issued in connection with an offering which was completed in January 2016. Of the remaining outstanding warrants as of March 31, 2019, 357 warrants are recorded as a liability, See Note 9 – Fair Value for further discussion, and 238 are treated as equity.

(5)

These warrants were issued in connection with a June 2017 merger transaction (the “Merger”).

(6)

These warrants were issued in connection with the Merger.

(7)

These warrants were issued in connection with the August 2017 Offering and are the August 2017 Offering Warrants discussed below.

(8)

These warrants were issued in connection with the August 2017 Offering.

(9)

These warrants were issued in connection with the conversion of our Series A Senior stock, at the time of the closing of the August 2017 Offering.

(10)

These warrants were issued in connection with the conversion of convertible bridge notes, at the time of the closing of the August 2017 Offering, and are the Note Conversion Warrants discussed below.

(11)

These warrants were issued in connection with the waiver of default the Company received in the fourth quarter of 2017 in connection with the Convertible Promissory Notes and are the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants discussed below.

(12)

These warrants were issued in connection with the Series C Preferred Offering and are the Series C Warrants discussed below.

(13)

These warrants were issued in connection with the Debt Obligation settlement agreements and are the Creditor Warrants discussed below.

(14)

These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement.

(15)

These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement.

(16)

These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement.

(17)

These warrants were issued in connection with the 2018 Note Agreement and subsequent Amendment Agreement.

August 2017 Offering Warrants

In connection with the August 2017 Offering, the Company issued 178,666 warrants at an exercise price of $45.00, which contain a down round provision. The August 2017 Offering Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire 5 years from date of issuance.

As a result of the Series C Preferred Offering, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was adjusted to $21.00 per share.

In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provisions on the warrants to be approximately $62,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend E”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the August 2017 Offering Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25 as a result of the Exercise Price Reduction discussed above.

There were zero and 20,000 August 2017 Offering Warrants exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for proceeds to the Company of zero and $225,000, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the intrinsic value of the August 2017 Offering Warrants exercised was zero.

Note Conversion Warrants

Upon the closing of the August 2017 Offering, the Company issued 23,999 warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Note Conversion Warrants”). The Note Conversion Warrants have an exercise price of $45.00 per share and contain a down round provision. As a result of the Series C Preferred Offering, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was adjusted to $21.00 per share.

In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $8,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend F”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Note Conversion Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $5,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend G”).

Convertible Promissory Note Warrants

The Convertible Promissory Note Warrants had an original exercise price of $45.00 per share and contain a down round provision. As a result of the Series C Preferred Offering, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was adjusted to $21.00 per share.

In February 2018, as a result of 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be less than $1,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend H”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Convertible Promissory Note Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be less than $1,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend I”).

Series C Warrants

In connection with the Series C Preferred Offering, the Company issued 130,857 warrants at an exercise price of $24.45, which contain a down round provision. Series C Warrants are exercisable on the six-month anniversary of the date of issuance and expire 5 years from date they are initially exercisable. The terms of the Series C Warrants prohibit a holder from exercising its Series C Warrants if doing so would result in such holder (together with its affiliates) beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after giving effect to such exercise, provided that, at the election of a holder and notice to the Company, such beneficial ownership limitation may be increased to 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock after giving effect to such exercise.

In February 2018, as a result of the 2018 Purchase Agreement, the exercise price of the Series C Warrants was adjusted to $15.60. At the time the exercise price was adjusted, the Company calculated the fair value of the down round provision on the warrants to be approximately $58,000 and recorded this as a deemed dividend (“Deemed Dividend J”). In addition, as a result of the 2018 Inducement Agreement, the exercise price of the Series C Warrants was further adjusted to $11.25 as a result of the Exercise Price Reduction discussed above.

Creditor Warrants

In the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company entered into Settlement Agreements with the Creditors pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue, to certain of its Creditors, 7,207 Creditor Warrants to purchase 7,207 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $112.50 per share. The Creditor Warrants were issued in February 2018. See Note 4 – Convertible Notes.

Deemed Dividends

As discussed above, certain of our preferred stock and warrant issuances contain down round provisions which require us to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common shareholders in basic EPS.

There were no deemed dividends during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following represents a summary of the dividends recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2018:


	Amount Recorded
Deemed Dividends	(in thousands)

Dividends resulting from the 2018 Purchase Agreement
Deemed Dividend A	$	1,358
Deemed Dividend C	829
Deemed Dividend E	62
Deemed Dividend F	8
Deemed Dividend H	*
Deemed Dividend J	58

Dividends resulting from the 2018 Inducement Agreement
Deemed Dividend B	40
Deemed Dividend D	1,154
Deemed Dividend G	5
Deemed Dividend I	*

For the three months ended March 31, 2018	$	3,514

* Represents less than one thousand dollars