Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(b) Principles of Consolidation

The accounts of CERC Corp. and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries are included in CERC's consolidated financial statements. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. CERC uses the equity method of accounting for investments in entities in which CERC has an ownership interest between 20% and 50% and exercises significant influence.

CERC’s investments in unconsolidated affiliates include a 50% ownership interest in Southeast Supply Header, LLC (SESH), which owns and operates a 274-mile interstate natural gas pipeline.

Prior to July 2012, CERC owned a 50% interest in Waskom Gas Processing Company (Waskom), a Texas general partnership, which owns and operates a natural gas processing plant and natural gas gathering assets. During 2010, CERC invested $20 million in Waskom. On July 31, 2012, CERC purchased the 50% interest that it did not already own in Waskom, as well as other gathering and related assets from a third-party for approximately $273 million. The amount of the purchase price allocated to the acquisition of the 50% interest in Waskom was approximately $201 million, with the remaining purchase price allocated to the other gathering assets, based on a discounted cash flow methodology. The $273 million purchase price was allocated as follows: $253 million to property, plant and equipment; $16 million to goodwill; and the remaining balance to other assets and liabilities. The purchase of the 50% interest in Waskom was determined to be a business combination achieved in stages, and as such CERC recorded a pre-tax gain of approximately $136 million on July 31, 2012, which is the result of remeasuring CERC's original 50% interest in Waskom to fair value. As a result of the purchase, CERC recorded goodwill of $24 million, which includes $17 million related to Waskom (including the re-measurement of its existing 50% interest) and $7 million related to the other gathering and related assets.

Other investments, excluding marketable securities, are carried at cost.

CERC records revenue for natural gas sales and services under the accrual method and these revenues are recognized upon delivery to customers. Natural gas sales not billed by month-end are accrued based upon estimated purchased gas volumes, estimated lost and unaccounted for gas and currently effective tariff rates. The Interstate Pipelines and Field Services business segments record revenues as transportation and processing services are provided.

(d) Long-lived Assets and Intangibles

CERC records property, plant and equipment at historical cost. CERC expenses repair and maintenance costs as incurred. CERC periodically evaluates long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, and specifically identifiable intangibles, when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on an estimate of undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets, compared to the carrying value of the assets.

(e) Regulatory Assets and Liabilities

CERC applies the guidance for accounting for regulated operations to the Natural Gas Distribution business segment and to portions of the Interstate Pipelines business segment. CERC’s rate-regulated businesses recognize removal costs as a component of depreciation expense in accordance with regulatory treatment. As of both December 31, 2011 and 2012, these removal costs of $573 million are classified as regulatory liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, a portion of the amount of removal costs that relate to asset retirement obligations has been reclassified from a regulatory liability to an asset retirement liability in accordance with accounting guidance for conditional asset retirement obligations.

(f) Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method based on economic lives or regulatory-mandated recovery periods. Amortization expense includes amortization of regulatory assets and other intangibles.

(g) Capitalization of Interest and Allowance for Funds Used During Construction

Interest and allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) are capitalized as a component of projects under construction and are amortized over the assets’ estimated useful lives once the assets are placed in service. AFUDC represents the composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction for subsidiaries that apply the guidance for accounting for regulated operations. During 2010, 2011 and 2012, CERC capitalized interest and AFUDC of $7 million, less than $1 million and $2 million, respectively.

(h) Income Taxes

CERC is included in the consolidated income tax returns of CenterPoint Energy. CERC calculates its income tax provision on a separate return basis under a tax sharing agreement with CenterPoint Energy. CERC uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes in accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets for which management believes realization is not considered to be more likely than not. Current federal and certain state income taxes are payable to or receivable from CenterPoint Energy. CERC recognizes interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense.

(i) Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. It is the policy of management to review the outstanding accounts receivable monthly, as well as the bad debt write-offs experienced in the past, and establish an allowance for doubtful accounts. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when management determines it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. Accounts receivable are net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $24 million and $23 million at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively. The provision for doubtful accounts in CERC’s Statements of Consolidated Income for 2010, 2011 and 2012 was $30 million, $25 million and $15 million, respectively.

(j) Inventory

Inventory consists principally of materials and supplies and natural gas. Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of average cost or market. Materials and supplies are recorded to inventory when purchased and subsequently charged to expense or capitalized to plant when installed. Natural gas inventories of CERC’s Competitive Natural Gas Sales and Services business segment are also primarily valued at the lower of average cost or market. Natural gas inventories of CERC’s Natural Gas Distribution business segment are primarily valued at weighted average cost. During 2011 and 2012, CERC recorded $11 million and $4 million, respectively, in write-downs of natural gas inventory to the lower of average cost or market.



	December 31,
	2011		2012
	(in millions)
Materials and supplies	$	86	$	83
Natural gas	187		145
Total inventory	$	273	$	228

(k) Derivative Instruments

CERC is exposed to various market risks. These risks arise from transactions entered into in the normal course of business. CERC utilizes derivative instruments such as physical forward contracts, swaps and options to mitigate the impact of changes in commodity prices and weather on its operating results and cash flows. Such derivatives are recognized in CERC's Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value unless CERC elects the normal purchase and sales exemption for qualified physical transactions. A derivative may be designated as a normal purchase or normal sale if the intent is to physically receive or deliver the product for use or sale in the normal course of business.

CenterPoint Energy has a Risk Oversight Committee composed of corporate and business segment officers that oversees all commodity price, weather and credit risk activities, including CERC's marketing, risk management services and hedging activities. The committee’s duties are to establish CERC's commodity risk policies, allocate board-approved commercial risk limits, approve use of new products and commodities, monitor positions and ensure compliance with CERC's risk management policies and procedures and limits established by CenterPoint Energy’s board of directors.

CERC's policies prohibit the use of leveraged financial instruments. A leveraged financial instrument, for this purpose, is a transaction involving a derivative whose financial impact will be based on an amount other than the notional amount or volume of the instrument.

(l) Environmental Costs

CERC expenses or capitalizes environmental expenditures, as appropriate, depending on their future economic benefit. CERC expenses amounts that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations that do not have future economic benefit. CERC records undiscounted liabilities related to these future costs when environmental assessments and/or remediation activities are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated.

(m) Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows

For purposes of reporting cash flows, CERC considers cash equivalents to be short-term, highly-liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.

(n) New Accounting Pronouncements

Management believes the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on CERC's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows upon adoption.

(o) Other Current Assets and Liabilities

Included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2012 were $17 million and $12 million, respectively, of margin deposits and $63 million and $86 million, respectively of under-recovered gas cost. Included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2011 and 2012 were $14 million and $6 million, respectively, of over-recovered gas cost.