Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their value. Hierarchical levels, as defined below and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuations of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. The types of assets carried at Level 1 fair value generally are exchange-traded derivatives and equity securities.

Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. Fair value assets and liabilities that are generally included in this category are derivatives with fair values based on inputs from actively quoted markets. A market approach is utilized to value CERC’s Level 2 assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs reflect CERC’s judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability since limited market data exists. CERC develops these inputs based on the best information available, including CERC’s own data. A market approach is utilized to value CERC’s Level 3 assets or liabilities. Currently, CERC’s Level 3 assets and liabilities are comprised of physical forward contracts and options. Level 3 physical forward contracts are valued using a discounted cash flow model which includes illiquid forward price curve locations (ranging from $3.07-$4.79 per one million British thermal units (Btu)) as an unobservable input. Level 3 options are valued through Black-Scholes (including forward start) option models which include option volatilities (ranging from 0-58%) as an unobservable input. CERC’s Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities consist of both long and short positions (forwards and options) and their fair value is sensitive to forward prices and volatilities. If forward prices decrease, CERC’s long forwards lose value whereas its short forwards gain in value. If volatility decreases, CERC’s long options lose value whereas its short options gain in value. Instruments classified as Level 3 include the revaluation of the Competitive Natural Gas Sales and Services reporting unit (See Note 4).

CERC determines the appropriate level for each financial asset and liability on a quarterly basis and recognizes transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period. For the year ended December 31, 2012, there were no transfers between Level 1 and 2 with regard to Natural Gas derivatives. CERC also recognizes purchases of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities at their fair market value at the end of the reporting period.

The following tables present information about CERC’s assets and liabilities (including derivatives that are presented net) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by CERC to determine such fair value.



	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting Adjustments ⁽¹⁾			Balance as of December 31, 2011
	(in millions)
Assets
Corporate equities	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1
Investments, including money market funds	11		—		—		—			11
Natural gas derivatives	1		112		10		(16		)	107
Total assets	$	13	$	112	$	10	$	(16	)	$	119
Liabilities
Natural gas derivatives	$	19	$	101	$	4	$	(72	)	$	52
Total liabilities	$	19	$	101	$	4	$	(72	)	$	52

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(1)	Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow CERC to settle positive and negative positions and also include cash collateral of $56 million posted with the same counterparties.



	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Netting Adjustments ⁽¹⁾			Balance as of December 31, 2012
	(in millions)
Assets
Corporate equities	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	1
Investments, including money market funds	11		—		—		—			11
Natural gas derivatives	1		40		7		(6		)	42
Total assets	$	13	$	40	$	7	$	(6	)	$	54
Liabilities
Natural gas derivatives	$	5	$	21	$	5	$	(15	)	$	16
Total liabilities	$	5	$	21	$	5	$	(15	)	$	16

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(1)	Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow CERC to settle positive and negative positions and also include cash collateral of $9 million posted with the same counterparties.

The following tables present additional information about assets or liabilities, including derivatives that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which CERC has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:



	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Derivative assets and liabilities, net
	Year Ended December 31,
	2010			2011			2012
	(in millions)
Beginning balance	$	(6	)	$	3		$	6
Total gains or (losses):
Included in earnings	4			6			3
Included in regulatory assets	(1		)	—			—
Total settlements:
Included in earnings	(2		)	(3		)	(6		)
Included in regulatory assets	8			—			—
Total purchases	—			2			—
Transfers out of Level 3⁽¹⁾	—			(2		)	(1		)
Ending balance	$	3		$	6		$	2
The amount of total gains for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date	$	4		$	5		$	1

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(1)	During 2010, 2011 and 2012, CERC did not have material Level 3 sales or significant transfers into Level 3.

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents and short-term borrowings are estimated to be approximately equivalent to carrying amounts and have been excluded from the table below. Non-trading derivative assets and liabilities are stated at fair value and are excluded from the table below. The fair value of each debt instrument is determined by multiplying the principal amount of each debt instrument by the market price.



	December 31, 2011				December 31, 2012
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Financial liabilities:
Long-term debt	$	2,919	$	3,272	$	2,641	$	3,094