Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in this Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectuses of CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc. for the registration of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and warrants, and to the incorporation by reference therein of our reports dated March 16, 2020, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc., and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Redwood City, California

June 26, 2020