Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

A progression of deferred policy acquisition costs is presented below (in millions):



	P&C			Annuity and Run-off Long-term Care and Life
	Deferred			Deferred			Sales															Consolidated
	Costs			Costs			Inducements			PVFP			Subtotal			Unrealized (*)			Total			Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	226		$	1,018		$	119		$	55		$	1,192		$	(234	)	$	958		$	1,184
Additions	535			230			9			—			239			—			239			774
Amortization:
Periodic amortization	(520		)	(169		)	(24		)	(9		)	(202		)	—			(202		)	(722		)
Annuity unlocking	—			25			4			—			29			—			29			29
Included in realized gains	—			6			2			—			8			—			8			8
Foreign currency translation	(3		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			(3		)
Change in unrealized	—			—			—			—			—			(31		)	(31		)	(31		)
Balance at December 31, 2016	238			1,110			110			46			1,266			(265		)	1,001			1,239

Additions	588			225			4			—			229			—			229			817
Amortization:
Periodic amortization	(556		)	(161		)	(19		)	(8		)	(188		)	—			(188		)	(744		)
Annuity unlocking	—			34			6			1			41			—			41			41
Included in realized gains	—			9			1			—			10			—			10			10
Foreign currency translation	—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			—			10			10			—			10			10
Change in unrealized	—			—			—			—			—			(157		)	(157		)	(157		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	270			1,217			102			49			1,368			(422		)	946			1,216

Additions	675			263			2			—			265			—			265			940
Amortization:
Periodic amortization	(644		)	(238		)	(19		)	(7		)	(264		)	—			(264		)	(908		)
Annuity unlocking	—			29			—			—			29			—			29			29
Included in realized gains	—			14			1			—			15			—			15			15
Foreign currency translation	(2		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			(2		)
Change in unrealized	—			—			—			—			—			392			392			392
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	299		$	1,285		$	86		$	42		$	1,413		$	(30	)	$	1,383		$	1,682


(*)	Adjustments to DPAC related to net unrealized gains/losses on securities and cash flow hedges.

The present value of future profits (“PVFP”) amounts in the table above are net of $148 million and $141 million of accumulated amortization at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During each of the next five years, the PVFP is expected to decrease at a rate of approximately one-eighth of the balance at the beginning of each respective year.