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Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Available for sale fixed maturities and equity securities
Available for sale fixed maturities and equity securities at December 31 consisted of the following (in millions): 
 
2015
 
2014
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Losses
 
Gains
 
Losses
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
305

 
$
307

 
$
5

 
$
(3
)
 
$
347

 
$
353

 
$
8

 
$
(2
)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
6,642

 
6,856

 
249

 
(35
)
 
6,393

 
6,747

 
364

 
(10
)
Foreign government
147

 
154

 
7

 

 
184

 
194

 
10

 

Residential MBS
3,236

 
3,529

 
308

 
(15
)
 
4,046

 
4,442

 
411

 
(15
)
Commercial MBS
2,111

 
2,187

 
77

 
(1
)
 
2,294

 
2,451

 
158

 
(1
)
Asset-backed securities
4,961

 
4,934

 
25

 
(52
)
 
3,872

 
3,887

 
37

 
(22
)
Corporate and other
14,163

 
14,317

 
422

 
(268
)
 
11,938

 
12,660

 
751

 
(29
)
Total fixed maturities
$
31,565

 
$
32,284

 
$
1,093

 
$
(374
)
 
$
29,074

 
$
30,734

 
$
1,739

 
$
(79
)
Common stocks
$
1,051

 
$
1,118

 
$
146

 
$
(79
)
 
$
885

 
$
1,087

 
$
227

 
$
(25
)
Perpetual preferred stocks
$
418

 
$
435

 
$
23

 
$
(6
)
 
$
398

 
$
414

 
$
21

 
$
(5
)
Available for sale securities in a continuous unrealized loss position
The following tables show gross unrealized losses (dollars in millions) on fixed maturities and equity securities by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2015 and 2014.
 
  
Less Than Twelve Months
 
Twelve Months or More
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Fair Value as
% of Cost
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
Fair Value as
% of Cost
 
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and government agencies
$
(1
)
 
$
112

 
99
%
 
$
(2
)
 
$
15

 
88
%
 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
(33
)
 
1,419

 
98
%
 
(2
)
 
50

 
96
%
 
Residential MBS
(7
)
 
438

 
98
%
 
(8
)
 
201

 
96
%
 
Commercial MBS

 
95

 
100
%
 
(1
)
 
28

 
97
%
 
Asset-backed securities
(42
)
 
2,706

 
98
%
 
(10
)
 
455

 
98
%
 
Corporate and other
(229
)
 
4,661

 
95
%
 
(39
)
 
165

 
81
%
 
Total fixed maturities
$
(312
)
 
$
9,431

 
97
%
 
$
(62
)
 
$
914

 
94
%
 
Common stocks
$
(79
)
 
$
509

 
87
%
 
$

 
$

 
%
 
Perpetual preferred stocks
$
(3
)
 
$
91

 
97
%
 
$
(3
)
 
$
22

 
88
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government and government agencies
$

 
$
39

 
100
%
 
$
(2
)
 
$
15

 
88
%
 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
(2
)
 
222

 
99
%
 
(8
)
 
408

 
98
%
 
Residential MBS
(4
)
 
298

 
99
%
 
(11
)
 
209

 
95
%
 
Commercial MBS
(1
)
 
38

 
97
%
 

 
11

 
100
%
 
Asset-backed securities
(11
)
 
1,389

 
99
%
 
(11
)
 
622

 
98
%
 
Corporate and other
(16
)
 
588

 
97
%
 
(13
)
 
433

 
97
%
 
Total fixed maturities
$
(34
)
 
$
2,574

 
99
%
 
$
(45
)
 
$
1,698

 
97
%
 
Common stocks
$
(25
)
 
$
260

 
91
%
 
$

 
$

 
%
 
Perpetual preferred stocks
$
(1
)
 
$
45

 
98
%
 
$
(4
)
 
$
55

 
93
%
Roll forward of cumulative credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities
A progression of the credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities for which the non-credit portion of an impairment has been recognized in other comprehensive income is shown below (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Balance at January 1
$
170

 
$
194

 
$
192

Additional credit impairments on:
 
 
 
 
 
Previously impaired securities
1

 

 

Securities without prior impairments
2

 

 
3

Reductions due to:
 
 
 
 
 
Sales or redemptions
(9
)
 
(24
)
 
(1
)
Sale of subsidiaries
(4
)
 

 

Balance at December 31
$
160

 
$
170

 
$
194

Available for sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity date
The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of available for sale fixed maturities as of December 31, 2015 (dollars in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.
  
Amortized
 
Fair Value
Cost
 
Amount
 
%
Maturity
 
 
 
 
 
One year or less
$
922

 
$
935

 
3
%
After one year through five years
5,208

 
5,417

 
17
%
After five years through ten years
11,007

 
11,054

 
34
%
After ten years
4,120

 
4,228

 
13
%
 
21,257

 
21,634

 
67
%
ABS (average life of approximately 5 years)
4,961

 
4,934

 
15
%
MBS (average life of approximately 4 years)
5,347

 
5,716

 
18
%
Total
$
31,565

 
$
32,284

 
100
%
Components of the net unrealized gain on securities, included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table shows (in millions) the components of the net unrealized gain on securities that is included in AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.
 
Pretax
 
Deferred Tax and
Amounts  Attributable
to Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Net
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities — annuity segment (*)
$
523

 
$
(183
)
 
$
340

Fixed maturities — all other
196

 
(72
)
 
124

Equity securities
84

 
(30
)
 
54

Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment
(233
)
 
82

 
(151
)
Annuity benefits accumulated
(64
)
 
22

 
(42
)
Unearned revenue
11

 
(4
)
 
7

 
$
517

 
$
(185
)
 
$
332

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities — annuity segment (*)
$
1,157

 
$
(405
)
 
$
752

Fixed maturities — all other
503

 
(185
)
 
318

Equity securities
218

 
(79
)
 
139

Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment
(531
)
 
186

 
(345
)
Annuity benefits accumulated
(112
)
 
39

 
(73
)
Life, accident and health reserves
(104
)
 
36

 
(68
)
Unearned revenue
31

 
(11
)
 
20

 
$
1,162

 
$
(419
)
 
$
743



(*)    Unrealized gains on fixed maturity investments supporting AFG’s annuity benefits accumulated.
Net investment income earned and investment expenses incurred
The following table shows (in millions) investment income earned and investment expenses incurred.
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Investment income:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
$
1,461

 
$
1,352

 
$
1,241

Equity securities
76

 
66

 
50

Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments (*)
27

 
18

 

Other
87

 
77

 
72

Gross investment income
1,651

 
1,513

 
1,363

Investment expenses
(18
)
 
(12
)
 
(17
)
Net investment income
$
1,633

 
$
1,501

 
$
1,346



(*)
Prior to 2014, equity in the earnings of partnerships was not material and was included in realized gains (losses) on securities.
Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to fixed maturity and equity security investments
Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to fixed maturity and equity security investments are summarized as follows (in millions):
 
Fixed
Maturities
 
Equity
Securities
 
Mortgage
Loans
and Other
Investments
 
Other (*)
 
Total
Pretax
 
Tax
Effects
 
Noncon-
trolling
Interests
 
Total
Year ended December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized before impairments
$
19

 
$
94

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
106

 
$
(38
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
66

Realized — impairments
(43
)
 
(94
)
 
(3
)
 
15

 
(125
)
 
45

 
2

 
(78
)
Change in unrealized
(941
)
 
(134
)
 

 
430

 
(645
)
 
226

 
8

 
(411
)
Year ended December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized before impairments
$
36

 
$
53

 
$
1

 
$
(2
)
 
$
88

 
$
(32
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
54

Realized — impairments
(15
)
 
(26
)
 

 
5

 
(36
)
 
13

 
1

 
(22
)
Change in unrealized
570

 
26

 

 
(314
)
 
282

 
(99
)
 
(3
)
 
180

Year ended December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized before impairments
$
36

 
$
196

 
$
2

 
$
(1
)
 
$
233

 
$
(82
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
149

Realized — impairments
(5
)
 
(5
)
 
(5
)
 
3

 
(12
)
 
4

 

 
(8
)
Change in unrealized
(945
)
 
31

 

 
504

 
(410
)
 
144

 
6

 
(260
)

(*)
Primarily adjustments to deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves related to annuities and long-term care business.
Gross realized gains and losses on available for sale fixed maturity and equity security investments
Gross realized gains and losses (excluding impairment write-downs and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity and equity security investment transactions included in the Statement of Cash Flows consisted of the following (in millions):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross gains
$
38

 
$
36

 
$
44

Gross losses
(7
)
 
(2
)
 
(5
)
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Gross gains
99

 
53

 
193

Gross losses
(5
)