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Shareholders' Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Shareholders' Equity
Shareholders’ Equity

AFG is authorized to issue 12.5 million shares of Voting Preferred Stock and 12.5 million shares of Nonvoting Preferred Stock, each without par value.

Stock Incentive Plans   Under AFG’s stock incentive plans, employees of AFG and its subsidiaries are eligible to receive equity awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock awards.

At December 31, 2015, there were 10.7 million shares of AFG Common Stock reserved for issuance under AFG’s stock incentive plans. Options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of AFG Common Stock at the date of grant. Options generally become exercisable at the rate of 20% per year commencing one year after grant and expire ten years after the date of grant.

Data for stock options issued under AFG’s stock incentive plans is presented below:
 
Shares
 
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding at January 1, 2015
6,383,799

 
$
36.92

 
 
 
 
Granted
716,818

 
$
63.15

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(1,475,202
)
 
$
31.77

 
 
 
 
Forfeited/Cancelled
(109,325
)
 
$
49.34

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
5,516,090

 
$
41.46

 
5.9 years
 
$
169

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2015
2,988,920

 
$
32.85

 
4.4 years
 
$
117



The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $52 million, $38 million and $35 million, respectively. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, AFG received $47 million, $35 million and $44 million, respectively, in cash from the exercise of stock options. The total tax benefit related to the exercises was $16 million, $12 million and $11 million(including $12 million, $9 million and $7 million credited directly to capital surplus) during those years, respectively.

AFG uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of its option grants. The expected dividend yield is based on AFG’s current dividend rate. To determine expected volatility, AFG considers its daily historical volatility as well as implied volatility on traded options. The expected term was estimated based on historical exercise patterns and post vesting cancellations. The risk-free rate for periods associated with the expected term is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the grant date.
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Exercise price
$
63.15

 
$
56.47

 
$
44.01

Expected dividend yield
1.6
%
 
1.6
%
 
1.8
%
Expected volatility
25
%
 
26
%
 
39
%
Expected term (in years)
7.25

 
7.25

 
7.25

Risk-free rate
1.88
%
 
2.20
%
 
1.36
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grant date fair value
$
15.29

 
$
14.66

 
$
15.10



The restricted Common Stock that AFG has granted generally vests over a three or four year period. Data relating to grants of restricted stock is presented below:
 
Shares
 
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2015
515,450

 
$
43.32

Granted
171,130

 
$
63.15

Vested
(163,312
)
 
$
38.36

Forfeited
(17,570
)
 
$
49.28

Outstanding at December 31, 2015
505,698

 
$
51.43



AFG issued 54,732 shares of Common Stock (fair value of $62.55 per share) in the first quarter of 2015 and 84,036 shares (fair value of $57.16 per share) in the first quarter of 2014 under its Equity Bonus Plan.

Total compensation expense related to stock incentive plans of AFG and its subsidiaries for 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $27 million, $25 million and $36 million, respectively. Related tax benefits totaled $8 million in 2015 and 2014 and $12 million in 2013. At December 31, 2015, there was $27 million and $13 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock options and restricted stock awards, respectively. These amounts are expected to be recognized over a weighted average of 3.0 and 2.6 years, respectively.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax (“AOCI”)   Comprehensive income is defined as all changes in Shareholders’ Equity except those arising from transactions with shareholders. Comprehensive income includes net earnings and other comprehensive income, which consists primarily of changes in net unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities. The progression of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income follows (in millions):
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
AOCI
Beginning
Balance
 
Pretax
 
Tax
 
Net
of
tax
 
Attributable to
noncontrolling
interests
 
Attributable to
shareholders
 
AOCI
Ending
Balance
Year ended December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
 
 
$
(625
)
 
$
219

 
$
(406
)
 
$
9

 
$
(397
)
 
 
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (a)
 
 
14

 
(5
)
 
9

 
(1
)
 
8

 
 
Reclassification for unrealized gains of subsidiaries sold
 
 
(34
)
 
12

 
(22
)
 
—

 
(22
)
 
 
Total net unrealized gains (losses) on securities (b)
$
743

 
(645
)
 
226

 
(419
)
 
8

 
(411
)
 
$
332

Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
1

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(8
)
 
(9
)
 
(5
)
 
(14
)
 
—

 
(14
)
 
(22
)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(8
)
 
1

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
(7
)
Total
$
727

 
$
(652
)
 
$
221

 
$
(431
)
 
$
8

 
$
(423
)
 
$
304

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
 
 
$
334

 
$
(118
)
 
$
216

 
$
(4
)
 
$
212

 
 
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (a)
 
 
(52
)
 
19

 
(33
)
 
1

 
(32
)
 
 
Total net unrealized gains on securities (b)
$
563

 
282

 
(99
)
 
183

 
(3
)
 
180

 
$
743

Foreign currency translation adjustments
1

 
(8
)
 
(1
)
 
(9
)
 
—

 
(9
)
 
(8
)
Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
2

 
(4
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
(8
)
Total
$
560

 
$
268

 
$
(98
)
 
$
170

 
$
(3
)
 
$
167

 
$
727

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities arising during the period
 
 
$
(188
)
 
$
66

 
$
(122
)
 
$
4

 
$
(118
)
 
 
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses included in net earnings (a)
 
 
(222
)
 
78

 
(144
)
 
2

 
(142
)
 
 
Total net unrealized gains on securities (b)
$
823

 
(410
)
 
144

 
(266
)
 
6

 
(260
)
 
$
563

Foreign currency translation adjustments
14

 
(13
)
 
—

 
(13
)
 
—

 
(13
)
 
1

Pension and other postretirement plans adjustments
(6
)
 
3

 
(1
)
 
2

 
—

 
2

 
(4
)
Total
$
831

 
$
(420
)
 
$
143

 
$
(277
)
 
$
6

 
$
(271
)
 
$
560

 

(a)
The reclassification adjustment out of net unrealized gains on securities affected the following lines in AFG’s Statement of Earnings:
 
OCI component
 
Affected line in the Statement of Earnings
 
 
Pretax
 
Realized gains on securities
 
 
Tax
 
Provision for income taxes
 
 
Attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 


(b)
Includes net unrealized gains of $51 million at December 31, 2015 compared to net unrealized gains of $58 million and $54 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, related to securities for which only the credit portion of an other-than-temporary impairment has been recorded in earnings.