Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using the fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are:


•	Level 1: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;


•	Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and


•	Level 3: unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company has equity investments, primarily its investment in JD, measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in other long-term assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Beginning in fiscal 2019 due to the adoption of the new financial instrument standard, changes in fair value are recorded in unrealized gains and losses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additional detail about the Company's two portions of the investment in JD are as follows:


•	The purchased portion of the investment in JD is measured using Level 1 inputs, which prior to fiscal 2019 was classified as available-for-sale with changes in fair value recognized through other comprehensive income; and


•	The portion of the investment in JD received in exchange for selling certain assets related to Yihaodian, the Company's former eCommerce operations in China, is measured using Level 2 inputs. Fair value is determined primarily using quoted prices in active markets for similar assets. Prior to fiscal 2019, the investment was carried at cost.

The investment in JD cost basis, fair value at April 30, 2018 and February 1, 2018, and carrying value at January 31, 2018, are as follows:



(Amounts in millions)	Cost Basis		Carrying Value as of January 31, 2018		Fair Value as of February 1, 2018			Fair Value as of April 30, 2018
Investment in JD measured using Level 1 inputs	$	1,901	$	3,547	$	3,547	⁽¹⁾	$	2,631
Investment in JD measured using Level 2 inputs	1,490		1,490		3,559		⁽²⁾	2,637
Total	$	3,391	$	5,037	$	7,106		$	5,268	⁽³⁾

(1) Fair value was already recognized on the balance sheet. Upon adoption of the new financial instrument standard on February 1, 2018, the excess of fair value over cost was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings.

(2) Upon adoption of the new financial instrument standard on February 1, 2018, the excess of fair value over cost was recognized by increasing the carrying value of the asset and retained earnings.

(3) The decrease in fair value from February 1, 2018 to April 30, 2018 of $1.8 billion was recognized in net income and included in unrealized gains and losses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company also holds derivative instruments. Derivative fair values are the estimated amounts the Company would receive or pay upon termination of the related derivative agreements as of the reporting dates. The fair values have been measured using the income approach and Level 2 inputs, which include the relevant interest rate and foreign currency forward curves. As of April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, the notional amounts and fair values of these derivatives were as follows:



	April 30, 2018					January 31, 2018
(Amounts in millions)	Notional Amount		Fair Value			Notional Amount		Fair Value
Receive fixed-rate, pay variable-rate interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges	$	4,000	$	(145	)	$	4,000	$	(91	)
Receive fixed-rate, pay fixed-rate cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges	2,250		217			2,250		208
Receive fixed-rate, pay fixed-rate cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges	4,395		131			4,523		205
Total	$	10,645	$	203		$	10,773	$	322

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company's assets and liabilities are also subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. The Company did not record any significant impairment charges to assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three months ended April 30, 2018. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018, the Company recorded impairment charges related to assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis of approximately $1.4 billion primarily related to restructuring charges for the Sam's Club closures and the wind-down of the Brazil first-party eCommerce business, as well as discontinued real estate projects in the U.S. and decisions to exit certain international properties.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The Company records cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term borrowings at cost. The carrying values of these instruments approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.

The Company's long-term debt is also recorded at cost. The fair value is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying value and fair value of the Company's long-term debt as of April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, are as follows:



	April 30, 2018				January 31, 2018
(Amounts in millions)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Long-term debt, including amounts due within one year	$	31,053	$	34,770	$	33,783	$	38,766