The Refranchising (gain) loss by our Divisional reportable segments is presented below. Given the size and volatility of refranchising initiatives, our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) does not consider the impact of Refranchising (gain) loss when assessing Divisional segment performance. As such, we do not allocate such gains and losses to our Divisional segments for performance reporting purposes.

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we refranchised 22, 83 and 97 restaurants, respectively. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we sold certain restaurant assets associated with existing franchise restaurants to the franchisee. We received $73 million, $85 million and $19 million in pre-tax cash refranchising proceeds in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, as a result of the sales of these restaurants and restaurant assets. In 2020, we also received as refranchising proceeds minority interests in Devyani International Limited (“Devyani”), as discussed further below. At the time of the refranchisings, these minority interests had fair values estimated to be $31 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded charges of $10 million to General and administrative expenses and $1 million to Other (income) expense related to a resource optimization program initiated in the third quarter of 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded charges of $7 million to General and administrative expenses and $2 million to Other (income) expense and we recorded a credit of $1 million to Other pension (income) expense related to this resource optimization program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded charges of $36 million to General and administrative expenses and $2 million to Other pension (income) expense related to this resource optimization program.

This program is part of our efforts to optimize our resources, reallocating them toward critical areas of the business that will drive future growth. These critical areas include accelerating our digital, technology and innovation capabilities to deliver a modern, world-class team member and customer experience and improve unit economics. The charges incurred as a result of this program have primarily resulted from severance associated with positions that have been eliminated or relocated and, in 2020, a voluntary retirement program offered to our U.S. based employees. Due to their scope and size, these costs were not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes.

In 2020, we received an approximate 5% minority interest in Devyani, an entity that owns our KFC India and Pizza Hut India master franchisee rights. The minority interest was received in lieu of cash proceeds upon the refranchising of approximately 60 KFC restaurants in India. At the time of the refranchisings, the fair value of this minority interest was estimated to be approximately $31 million. On August 16, 2021, Devyani executed an initial public offering and subsequently the fair value of this investment became readily determinable. As a result, concurrent with the initial public offering we began recording changes in fair value in Investment (income) expense, net in our Consolidated Statements of Income and recognized pre-tax investment income of $11 million and $87 million, in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 14).

On February 23, 2022, the Company issued a notice of redemption for April 1, 2022, for $600 million aggregate principal amount of 7.75% YUM Senior Unsecured Notes due in 2025. The redemption amount was equal to 103.875% of the $600 million aggregate principal amount redeemed, reflecting a $23 million call premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. We recognized the call premium and the write-off of $5 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the notes within Interest expense, net.

On April 23, 2021, certain subsidiaries of the Company issued a notice of redemption for June 1, 2021, for $1,050 million aggregate principal amount of 5.25% Subsidiary Senior Unsecured Notes due in 2026. The redemption amount was equal to 102.625% of the $1,050 million aggregate principal amount redeemed, reflecting a $28 million call premium. We recognized the call premium and the write-off of $6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the notes within Interest expense, net.

On September 9, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company issued a notice of redemption for $1,050 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Subsidiary Senior Unsecured Notes due in 2024. The redemption amount included a $26 million call premium plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption of October 9, 2020. We recorded the call premium, $6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the notes and $2 million of accrued and unpaid interest associated with the period of time from prepayment of the notes with the trustee on September 25, 2020, to their redemption date within Interest expense, net.

On July 22, 2020, the United Kingdom (“UK”) Finance Act 2020 was enacted resulting in an increase in the UK corporate tax rate from 17% to 19%. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2020, we remeasured the related deferred tax assets originally recorded as part of a 2019 intercompany restructuring of certain intellectual property (“IP”) rights into the UK. Those deferred tax assets originally arose as a result of a step-up in amortizable tax basis of those IP rights to current fair value under applicable UK law and we recognized a $25 million deferred tax benefit upon remeasurement.

On June 10, 2021, the UK Finance Act 2021 was enacted resulting in an increase in the UK corporate income tax rate from 19% to 25%. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2021, we remeasured the related deferred tax assets originally recorded as described above and recognized an additional $64 million deferred tax benefit.

In July 2021, we concentrated management responsibility for European (excluding the UK) KFC franchise development, support operations and management oversight in Switzerland (the “KFC Europe Reorganization”). Concurrent with this change in management responsibility, we completed intra-entity transfers of certain KFC IP rights from subsidiaries in the UK to subsidiaries in Switzerland. With the transfers of these rights, we received a step-up in amortizable tax basis of those IP rights to current fair value under applicable Swiss tax law. As a result of this transfer, we recorded a net one-time deferred tax benefit of $152 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.

In December 2021, we continued our KFC Europe Reorganization and completed intra-entity transfers of additional European KFC IP rights from subsidiaries in the U.S. to subsidiaries in Switzerland. With the transfers of these additional IP rights, we received a step-up in amortizable tax basis to current fair value of those IP rights under applicable Swiss tax law. As a result of this transfer, we recorded a net one-time deferred tax benefit of $35 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.

On June 24, 2020, the Yum! Brands, Inc. Board of Directors approved the establishment of the Company’s new global “Unlocking Opportunity Initiative” including a $100 million investment over the following five years to fight inequality by unlocking opportunities for employees, restaurant team members and communities. The Company contributed $50 million in the second quarter of 2020 to Yum! Brands Foundation, Inc. (a stand-alone, not-for-profit organization that is not consolidated in the Company’s results) as part of these efforts and investment. As a result of the size and specific nature of this contribution the associated General and administrative expense was not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes.

During the first quarter of 2020, the operations of substantially all Habit Burger Grill restaurants were impacted by COVID-19. As a result, we performed an interim impairment test of the Habit Burger Grill reporting unit goodwill as of March 31, 2020. This test of impairment included comparing the estimated fair value of the Habit Burger Grill reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill, as originally determined through our preliminary purchase price allocation. The fair value estimate of the Habit Burger Grill reporting unit was based on the estimated price a willing buyer would pay for the reporting unit and was determined using an income approach through a discounted cash flow analysis using unobservable inputs (Level 3). The most impactful of these inputs included future average unit volumes of Habit Burger Grill restaurants as well as restaurant unit counts. The fair value was determined based upon a probability-weighted average of three scenarios, which included assumed recovery of Habit Burger Grill average unit volumes to a pre—COVID-19 level over periods ranging from the beginning of

2021 to the end of 2022. Factors impacting restaurant unit counts were near-term unit closures as the result of COVID-19 as well as the pace of expected new unit development. Unit counts assumed were correlated with the expected recoveries in average unit volumes. Based upon this fair value estimate, we determined that the carrying value of our Habit Burger Grill reporting unit exceeded its fair value. As a result, during 2020 we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $144 million to Other (income) expense and a corresponding income tax benefit of $33 million. As a result of its size and nature, this impairment charge was not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes and was recorded to Unallocated Other expense.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a charge of $25 million related to a contribution made to Yum! Brands Foundation, Inc. expected to fund past and anticipated payments for COVID-19 relief provided to restaurant-level employees within the YUM system diagnosed with COVID-19 or acting as the primary caregiver for someone diagnosed with COVID-19. As a result of the size and specific nature of this contribution the associated General and administrative expense was not allocated to any of our segment operating results for performance reporting purposes.