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Pension, Retiree Medical and Retiree Savings Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Retiree Medical Benefits Pension, Retiree Medical and Retiree Savings Plans

U.S. Pension Plans

We sponsor qualified and supplemental (non-qualified) noncontributory defined benefit plans covering certain full-time salaried and hourly U.S. employees. The qualified plan meets the requirements of certain sections of the Internal Revenue Code and provides benefits to a broad group of employees with restrictions on discriminating in favor of highly compensated employees with regard to coverage, benefits and contributions. The supplemental plans provide additional benefits to certain employees. We fund our supplemental plans as benefits are paid.

The most significant of our U.S. plans is the YUM Retirement Plan (the “Plan”), which is a qualified plan. Our funding policy with respect to the Plan is to contribute amounts necessary to satisfy minimum pension funding requirements, including requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, plus additional amounts from time-to-time as are determined to be necessary to improve the Plan’s funded status. We do not expect to make any significant contributions to the Plan in 2019. Our two significant U.S. plans were previously amended such that any salaried employee hired or rehired by YUM after September 30, 2001 is not eligible to participate in those plans.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company allowed certain former employees with deferred vested balances in the Plan an opportunity to voluntarily elect an early payout of their benefits. See Note 5 for details.

We do not anticipate any plan assets being returned to the Company during 2019 for any U.S. plans.

Obligation and Funded Status at Measurement Date:

The following chart summarizes the balance sheet impact, as well as benefit obligations, assets, and funded status associated with our two significant U.S. pension plans.  The actuarial valuations for all plans reflect measurement dates coinciding with our fiscal year end.

 
 
2018
 
2017
Change in benefit obligation:
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
1,007

 
$
993

Service cost
 
8

 
10

Interest cost
 
38

 
41

Plan amendments
 
1

 
2

Curtailments
 
—

 
(2
)
Special termination benefits
 
1

 
2

Benefits paid
 
(73
)
 
(76
)
Settlement payments
 
—

 
(73
)
Actuarial (gain) loss
 
(109
)
 
115

Administrative expense
 
—

 
(5
)
Benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
873

 
$
1,007

 
 
 
 
 

A significant component of the overall decrease in the Company's benefit obligation for the year ended December 31, 2018 was due to the change in discount rates used to measure our benefit obligation, which increased from 3.90% at December 31, 2017 to 4.60% at December 31, 2018. A significant component of the overall increase in the Company's benefit obligation for the year ended December 31, 2017 was also due to the change in discount rates used to measure our benefit obligation, which decreased from 4.60% at December 31, 2016 to 3.90% at December 31, 2017.

Change in plan assets:
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
864

 
$
837

Actual return on plan assets
 
(49
)
 
129

Employer contributions
 
13

 
52

Settlement payments
 
—

 
(73
)
Benefits paid
 
(73
)
 
(76
)
Administrative expenses
 
—

 
(5
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 
$
755

 
$
864

 Funded status at end of year
 
$
(118
)
 
$
(143
)

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Accrued benefit liability - current
 
$
(5
)
 
$
(8
)
Accrued benefit liability - non-current
 
(113
)
 
(135
)
 
 
$
(118
)
 
$
(143
)


The accumulated benefit obligation was $849 million and $976 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Projected benefit obligation
 
$
873

 
$
1,007

Accumulated benefit obligation
 
849

 
976

Fair value of plan assets
 
755

 
864



Information for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Projected benefit obligation
 
$
873

 
$
1,007

Accumulated benefit obligation
 
849

 
976

Fair value of plan assets
 
755

 
864



Components of net periodic benefit cost:
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost
 
$
8

 
$
10

 
$
17

Interest cost
 
38

 
41

 
54

Amortization of prior service cost(a)
 
5


6


6

Expected return on plan assets
 
(44
)
 
(45
)
 
(65
)
Amortization of net loss
 
16

 
5

 
6

Net periodic benefit cost
 
$
23

 
$
17

 
$
18


Additional (gain) loss recognized due to:

Settlement charges(b)
 
$
—

 
$
19

 
$
32

Special termination benefits
 
$
1

 
$
2

 
$
3

Pension data adjustment(c)
 
$
—

 
$
22

 
$
—


(a)
Prior service costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of employees expected to receive benefits.

(b)
Settlement losses result when benefit payments exceed the sum of the service cost and interest cost within a plan during the year. These losses were recorded in Other pension (income) expense.

(c)
Reflects a non-cash, out-of-year charge related to the adjustment of certain historical deferred vested liability balances in the Plan during the first quarter of 2017 recorded in Other pension (income) expense. See Note 5.

Pension gains (losses) in AOCI:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning of year
 
$
(160
)
 
$
(180
)
Net actuarial gain (loss)
 
17

 
(10
)
Curtailments
 
—

 
2

Amortization of net loss
 
16

 
5

Amortization of prior service cost
 
5

 
6

Prior service cost
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Settlement charges
 
—

 
19

End of year
 
$
(123
)
 
$
(160
)


Accumulated pre-tax losses recognized within AOCI:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Actuarial net loss
 
$
(101
)
 
$
(134
)
Prior service cost
 
(22
)
 
(26
)
 
 
$
(123
)
 
$
(160
)

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at the measurement dates:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Discount rate
 
4.60
%
 
3.90
%
Rate of compensation increase
 
3.00
%
 
3.75
%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost for fiscal years:
 
 
2018
 
2017(a)
 
2016
Discount rate
 
3.90
%
 
4.53
%
 
4.90
%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets
 
5.65
%
 
6.06
%
 
6.75
%
Rate of compensation increase
 
3.75
%
 
3.75
%
 
3.75
%


(a)    Reflects a weighted average due to interim re-measurements in 2017.

Our estimated long-term rate of return on plan assets represents the weighted-average of expected future returns on the asset categories included in our target investment allocation based primarily on the historical returns for each asset category and future growth expectations.

Plan Assets

The fair values of our pension plan assets at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 by asset category and level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

 
 
2018
 
2017
Level 1:
 
 
 
 
Cash
 
$
3

 
$
3

Cash Equivalents(a)
 
10

 
12

Fixed Income Securities - U.S. Corporate(b)
 
140

 
177

Equity Securities – U.S. Large cap(b)
 
215

 
257

Equity Securities – U.S. Mid cap(b)
 
35

 
43

Equity Securities – U.S. Small cap(b)
 
34

 
43

Equity Securities – Non-U.S.(b)
 
74

 
87

Level 2:
 
 
 
 
Fixed Income Securities – U.S. Corporate(c)
 
106

 
86

Fixed Income Securities – U.S. Government and Government Agencies(d)
 
161

 
177

Fixed Income Securities – Other(d)
 
18

 
35

Total fair value of plan assets(e)
 
$
796

 
$
920



(a)
Short-term investments in money market funds.

(b)
Securities held in common trusts.

(c)
Investments held directly by the Plan.

(d)
Includes securities held in common trusts and investments held directly by the Plan.

(e)
2018 and 2017 exclude net unsettled trade payables of $41 million and $56 million, respectively.

Our primary objectives regarding the investment strategy for the Plan’s assets are to reduce interest rate and market risk and to provide adequate liquidity to meet immediate and future payment requirements.  To achieve these objectives, we are using a combination of active and passive investment strategies.  The Plan's equity securities, currently targeted to be 50% of our investment mix, consist primarily of low-cost index funds focused on achieving long-term capital appreciation.  The Plan diversifies its equity risk by investing in several different U.S. and foreign market index funds.  Investing in these index funds provides the Plan with the adequate liquidity required to fund benefit payments and plan expenses.  The fixed income asset allocation, currently targeted to be 50% of our mix, is actively managed and consists of long-duration fixed income securities that help to reduce exposure to interest rate variation and to better correlate asset maturities with obligations. The fair values of all pension plan assets are determined based on closing market prices or net asset values.

A mutual fund held as an investment by the Plan includes shares of Common Stock valued at $0.3 million at both December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (less than 1% of total plan assets in each instance).

Benefit Payments

The benefits expected to be paid in each of the next five years and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are set forth below:

Year ended:
 
 
2019
 
$
39

2020
 
40

2021
 
43

2022
 
45

2023
 
48

2024 - 2028
 
269


Expected benefit payments are estimated based on the same assumptions used to measure our benefit obligation on the measurement date and include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service.

International Pension Plans

We also sponsor various defined benefit plans covering certain of our non-U.S. employees, the most significant of which are in the UK. Both of our UK plans have previously been frozen such that they are closed to new participants and existing participants can no longer earn future service credits.

At the end of 2018 and 2017, the projected benefit obligations of these UK plans totaled $233 million and $287 million, respectively and plan assets totaled $319 million and $358 million, respectively. These plans were both in a net overfunded position at the end of 2018 and 2017 and related expense amounts recorded in each of 2018, 2017 and 2016 were not significant.

The funding rules for our pension plans outside of the U.S. vary from country to country and depend on many factors including discount rates, performance of plan assets, local laws and regulations. We do not plan to make significant contributions to either of our UK plans in 2019.

Retiree Medical Benefits

Our post-retirement plan provides health care benefits, principally to U.S. salaried retirees and their dependents, and includes retiree cost-sharing provisions.  This plan was previously amended such that any salaried employee hired or rehired by YUM after September 30, 2001 is not eligible to participate in this plan.  Employees hired prior to September 30, 2001 are eligible for benefits if they meet age and service requirements and qualify for retirement benefits.  We fund our post-retirement plan as benefits are paid.

At the end of 2018 and 2017, the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation was $45 million and $55 million, respectively.  Actuarial pre-tax gains of $13 million and $8 million were recognized in AOCI at the end of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The net periodic benefit cost recorded was $2 million in 2018, $2 million in 2017 and $3 million in 2016, the majority of which is interest cost on the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation.  The weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for the post-retirement medical plan are identical to those as shown for the U.S. pension plans.  

There is a cap on our medical liability for all retirees at the end of 2018 and certain retirees at the end of 2017.  The benefits expected to be paid in each of the next five years are approximately $4 million and in aggregate for the five years thereafter are $16 million.

Retiree Savings Plan

We sponsor a contributory plan to provide retirement benefits under the provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “401(k) Plan”) for eligible U.S. salaried and hourly employees.  Participants are able to elect to contribute up to 75% of eligible compensation on a pre-tax basis.  Participants may allocate their contributions to one or any combination of multiple investment options or a self-managed account within the 401(k) Plan.  We match 100% of the participant’s contribution to the 401(k) Plan up to 6% of eligible compensation.  We recognized as compensation expense our total matching contribution of $12 million in 2018, $13 million in 2017 and $14 million in 2016.