Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

9. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

In January 1997, the Board of Directors authorized the creation of a class of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with a par value of $.01. The Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into an equal number of common shares at the holder’s option, subject to adjustment for anti-dilution. The holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends as and if declared by the Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation or dissolution of the Company, the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive all accrued dividends, if applicable, plus the liquidation price of $1.00 per share. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, there were no outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

Stock Options and Share Based Compensation

To retain and attract qualified personnel necessary for the success of the Company, the Company adopted the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) covering up to 4,000,000 of the Company’s common shares, pursuant to which officers, directors, key employees and consultants to the Company are eligible to receive incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options and restricted stock units. All the Plans prior to Company’s 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan have been closed. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers this Plan and determines the terms and conditions of options granted, including the exercise price. This Plan generally provides that all stock options will expire within ten years of the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted under this Plan must be granted at an exercise price that is not less than the fair market value per share at the date of the grant and the exercise price must not be less than 110% of the fair market value per share at the date of the grant for grants to persons owning more than 10% of the voting stock of the Company. This Plan also entitles non-employee directors to receive grants of non-qualified stock options as approved by the Board of Directors.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the options. The table below presents the weighted average expected life of the options in years. The expected life computation is based on the time to option expiration. Volatility is determined using changes in historical stock prices. The interest rate for periods within the expected life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

The fair value of share-based payment units was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions and weighted average fair values as follows:

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Valuation assumptions:
Grant price	$	2.68
Exercise price	$	2.68
Expected dividend yield		0	%
Expected volatility		84.92	%
Expected life (in years)		5
Risk-free interest rate		2.49	%

There were no stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Stock option activity under the Plans during the periods indicated below is as follows:

	Number of Shares Subject to Issuance			Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,072,332		$	1.44	1.85 years		-
Granted		444,163			2.68
Exercised		(94,872	)		2.08
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,421,623		$	1.78	1.96 years	$	8,113,777
Granted		-			-
Exercised		(783,741	)		1.20
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		637,882		$	2.50	2.55 years	$	5,686,421
Exercisable at December 31, 2020		359,967		$	2.33	2.20 years	$	3,269,723

The following is a summary of stock options as of December 31, 2020:

	Options Outstanding					Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Number of Options		Weighted- average Remaining Life	Weighted- average Exercise Price		Number of Options		Weighted- average Exercise Price
$1.01 to $1.56		71,719	0.17 years	$	1.02		71,719	$	1.16
$1.75 to $2.87		566,163	2.85 years	$	2.68		288,248	$	2.65
		637,882	2.55 years	$	2.50		359,967	$	2.33

The weighted-average fair value of the options granted during the year ended December 31, 2019 is $1.82.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 1,191,445 shares available for future grants under the Plans.

Restricted Stock Units

The Company issues Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) which are equity-based instruments that may be settled in shares of common stock of the Company. The Company issues RSUs to certain directors as compensation which vest with the passage of time. The vesting of all RSUs is contingent on continued board services.

The compensation expense incurred by the Company for RSUs is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and is amortized ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period and charged to general and administrative expense with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital.

Restricted stock unit activity under the Plans during the periods indicated below is as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		-		$	-		-
Granted		12,477			5.53
Vested and Settled in shares		(9,807	)		5.00
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		2,670		$	7.49	$	-
Granted		38,855			5.78
Vested and Settled in shares		(39,771	)		5.65
Outstanding December 31, 2020		1,754		$	11.40	$	-

Performance Stock Units

On August 7, 2020, the Company issued 265,942 Performance Stock Units (PSUs) to its officers and certain employees as compensation. For these PSU agreements, 50% vest based on the Company’s market price and 50% vest based on its Adjusted EBITDA performance metric. Both the conditions are to occur over a passage of a specified time and is contingent on continued employment services.

For the market condition, compensation expense is based on a Geometric Brownian Motion valuation model based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and is amortized ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite period. For the performance condition, the Company reviews the probability of achieving this goal on a periodic basis. If the Company determines that it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved, the amount of compensation cost derived for this performance metric is amortized over the anticipated service period. If these criteria are not met, no compensation cost is recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost would be reversed. For both conditions, compensation expense is charged to selling, general and administrative and research and development expense with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital.

	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		-	$	-	$	-
Granted		265,942		7.91
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		265,942	$	7.91	$	-

As of December 31, 2020, there was $627,842 of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all unvested stock options and restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.98 years.

Share based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
Compensation cost recognized:	2020		2019
Stock options	$	198,407	$	515,805
Restricted stock units		140,000		69,060
Performance stock units		71,070		-
	$	409,477	$	584,865

Share based compensation is included in operating expenses as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Selling, general and administrative	$	366,780	$	561,391
Research and development		42,697		23,474
	$	409,477	$	584,865

The Company has a net operating loss carry-forward as of December 31, 2020, and no excess tax benefits for the tax deductions related to share-based awards were recognized in the statements of operations. Additionally, no incremental tax benefits were recognized from stock options exercised in 2020 that would have resulted in a reclassification to reduce net cash provided by operating activities with an offsetting increase in net cash provided by financing activities.

All stock options have been issued with an exercise price that is equal or above the fair market value of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant.

Warrants

All previously granted warrants were issued with an exercise price that was equal to or above the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 12,680 remaining warrants outstanding at an exercise price of $2.20 through 2021. There were 50,750 warrants exercised at a price of $2.20 during the year ended December 31, 2020. There were 320,070 warrants exercised at a price of $2.20 during the year ended December 31, 2019.