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Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate [Abstract]  
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Our mortgage loan portfolio, summarized in the following table, totaled $2.6 billion at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, with commitments outstanding of $81.2 million at September 30, 2013.
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Principal outstanding
$
2,625,563

 
$
2,658,883

Loan loss allowance
(31,118
)
 
(34,234
)
Deferred prepayment fees
(594
)
 
(709
)
Carrying value
$
2,593,851

 
$
2,623,940


The portfolio consists of commercial mortgage loans collateralized by the related properties and diversified as to property type, location and loan size. Our mortgage lending policies establish limits on the amount that can be loaned to one borrower and other criteria to attempt to reduce the risk of default. The mortgage loan portfolio is summarized by geographic region and property type as follows:
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Principal Outstanding
 
Percent
 
Principal Outstanding
 
Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Geographic distribution
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
East
$
772,366

 
29.4
%
 
$
732,762

 
27.5
%
Middle Atlantic
149,951

 
5.7
%
 
155,094

 
5.8
%
Mountain
353,820

 
13.5
%
 
387,599

 
14.6
%
New England
22,790

 
0.9
%
 
26,385

 
1.0
%
Pacific
316,822

 
12.1
%
 
320,982

 
12.1
%
South Atlantic
491,221

 
18.7
%
 
458,802

 
17.3
%
West North Central
358,115

 
13.6
%
 
370,168

 
13.9
%
West South Central
160,478

 
6.1
%
 
207,091

 
7.8
%
 
$
2,625,563

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,658,883

 
100.0
%
Property type distribution
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office
$
613,050

 
23.4
%
 
$
666,467

 
25.1
%
Medical Office
131,304

 
5.0
%
 
136,764

 
5.1
%
Retail
698,189

 
26.6
%
 
677,951

 
25.5
%
Industrial/Warehouse
664,703

 
25.3
%
 
692,637

 
26.1
%
Hotel
79,385

 
3.0
%
 
94,045

 
3.5
%
Apartment
269,817

 
10.3
%
 
219,335

 
8.2
%
Mixed use/other
169,115

 
6.4
%
 
171,684

 
6.5
%
 
$
2,625,563

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,658,883

 
100.0
%

We evaluate our mortgage loan portfolio for the establishment of a loan loss reserve by specific identification of impaired loans and the measurement of an estimated loss for each individual loan identified. A mortgage loan is impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If we determine that the value of any specific mortgage loan is impaired, the carrying amount of the mortgage loan will be reduced to its fair value, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. In addition, we analyze the mortgage loan portfolio for the need of a general loan allowance for probable losses on all other loans. The amount of the general loan allowance is based upon management's evaluation of the collectability of the loan portfolio, historical loss experience, delinquencies, credit concentrations, underwriting standards and national and local economic conditions.
Our financing receivables currently consist of one portfolio segment which is our commercial mortgage loan portfolio. These are mortgage loans with collateral consisting of commercial real estate and borrowers consisting mostly of limited liability partnerships or limited liability corporations.
We have a population of mortgage loans that we have been carrying with workout terms (e.g. interest only periods, period of suspended payments, etc.) and a population of mortgage loans that have been in a delinquent status (i.e. more than 60 days past due). It is from this population that we have been recognizing some impairment loss due to nonpayment and, in some cases, eventual satisfaction of the loan by taking ownership of the collateral real estate. In most cases the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell such collateral has been less than the outstanding principal amount of the mortgage loan.
We rate the mortgage loans in our portfolio based on factors such as historical operating performance, loan to value ratio and economic outlook, among others. We calculate a loss factor to apply to each rating based on historical losses we have recognized in our mortgage loan portfolio. We apply the loss factors to the total principal outstanding within each rating category to determine an appropriate estimate of general loan loss allowance at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
The following tables present a rollforward of our specific and general valuation allowances for mortgage loans on real estate:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2013
 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2012
 
Specific Allowance
 
General Allowance
 
Specific Allowance
 
General Allowance
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning allowance balance
$
(21,176
)
 
$
(10,500
)
 
$
(25,445
)
 
$
(11,200
)
Charge-offs
3,749

 

 
1,932

 

Recoveries

 

 

 

Provision for credit losses
(2,691
)
 
(500
)
 
(2,909
)
 
(400
)
Ending allowance balance
$
(20,118
)
 
$
(11,000
)
 
$
(26,422
)
 
$
(11,600
)

 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2013
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2012
 
Specific Allowance
 
General Allowance
 
Specific Allowance
 
General Allowance
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning allowance balance
$
(23,134
)
 
$
(11,100
)
 
$
(23,664
)
 
$
(9,300
)
Charge-offs
7,930

 

 
10,445

 

Recoveries

 

 

 

Provision for credit losses
(4,914
)
 
100

 
(13,203
)
 
(2,300
)
Ending allowance balance
$
(20,118
)
 
$
(11,000
)
 
$
(26,422
)
 
$
(11,600
)

The specific allowance represents the total credit loss allowances on loans which are individually evaluated for impairment. The general allowance is the group of loans discussed above which are collectively evaluated for impairment. The following table presents the total outstanding principal of loans evaluated for impairment by basis of impairment method:
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
50,055

 
$
53,110

Collectively evaluated for impairment
2,575,508

 
2,605,773

Total loans evaluated for impairment
$
2,625,563

 
$
2,658,883


Charge-offs include allowances that have been established on loans that were satisfied by taking ownership of the collateral. When the property is taken it is recorded at its fair value as a component of other investments and the mortgage loan is recorded as fully paid, with any allowance for credit loss that has been established charged off. Fair value of the real estate is determined by third party appraisal. There could be other situations that develop where we have established a larger specific loan loss allowance than is needed based on increases in the fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans, or improvements in the financial position of a borrower so that a loan would become reliant on cash flows from debt service instead of dependent upon sale of the collateral. Charge-offs of the allowance would be recognized in those situations as well. We define collateral dependent loans as those mortgage loans for which we will depend on the value of the collateral real estate to satisfy the outstanding principal of the loan.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, three and four mortgage loans, respectively, were satisfied by taking ownership of any real estate serving as collateral compared to two and eight mortgage loans for the same periods in 2012. The following table summarizes the activity in the real estate owned which was obtained in satisfaction of mortgage loans on real estate:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate owned at beginning of period
$
26,609

 
$
38,390

 
$
33,172

 
$
36,821

Real estate acquired in satisfaction of mortgage loans
5,441

 
2,916

 
6,285

 
14,902

Additions
52

 

 
532

 
117

Sales
(5,832
)
 
(5,727
)
 
(13,245
)
 
(13,093
)
Impairments
(678
)
 
(830
)
 
(823
)
 
(3,473
)
Depreciation
(159
)
 
(185
)
 
(488
)
 
(710
)
Real estate owned at end of period
$
25,433

 
$
34,564

 
$
25,433

 
$
34,564


We analyze credit risk of our mortgage loans by analyzing all available evidence on loans that are delinquent and loans that are in a workout period.
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Credit Exposure--By Payment Activity
 
 
 
Performing
$
2,588,791

 
$
2,597,440

In workout
30,724

 
26,723

Collateral dependent
6,048

 
34,720

 
$
2,625,563

 
$
2,658,883


Mortgage loans are considered delinquent when they become 60 days past due. When loans become 90 days past due, become collateral dependent or enter a period with no debt service payments required we place them on non-accrual status and discontinue recognizing interest income. If payments are received on a delinquent loan, interest income is recognized to the extent it would have been recognized if normal principal and interest would have been received timely. If payments are received to bring a delinquent loan back to current we will resume accruing interest income on that loan. Outstanding principal of loans in a non-accrual status at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 totaled $6.0 million and $34.7 million, respectively.
All of our commercial mortgage loans depend on the cash flow of the borrower to be at a sufficient level to service the principal and interest payments as they come due. In general, cash inflows of the borrowers are generated by collecting monthly rent from tenants occupying space within the borrowers' properties. Our borrowers face collateral risks such as tenants going out of business, tenants struggling to make rent payments as they become due, and tenants canceling leases and moving to other locations. We have a number of loans where the real estate is occupied by a single tenant. Our borrowers sometimes face both a reduction in cash flow on their mortgage property as well as a reduction in the fair value of the real estate collateral. If borrowers are unable to replace lost rent revenue and increases in the fair value of their property do not materialize we could potentially incur more losses than what we have allowed for in our specific and general loan loss allowances.
Aging of financing receivables is summarized in the following table, with loans in a "workout" period as of the reporting date considered current if payments are current in accordance with agreed upon terms:
 
30 - 59 Days
 
60 - 89 Days
 
90 Days and Over
 
Total Past Due
 
Current
 
Collateral Dependent Receivables
 
Total Financing Receivables
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial Mortgage Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2013
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,619,515

 
$
6,048

 
$
2,625,563

December 31, 2012
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,624,163

 
$
34,720

 
$
2,658,883


Financing receivables summarized in the following table represent all loans that we are either not currently collecting or those we feel it is probable we will not collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements (all loans that we have worked with the borrower to alleviate short-term cash flow issues, loans delinquent for more than 60 days at the reporting date, loans we have determined to be collateral dependent and loans that we have recorded specific impairments on that we feel may continue to have performance issues).
 
Recorded Investment
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Related Allowance
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest Income Recognized
 
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans with an allowance
$
29,937

 
$
50,055

 
$
(20,118
)
 
$
32,897

 
$
2,082

Mortgage loans with no related allowance
18,782

 
18,782

 

 
18,976

 
799

 
$
48,719

 
$
68,837

 
$
(20,118
)
 
$
51,873

 
$
2,881

December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans with an allowance
$
29,976

 
$
53,110

 
$
(23,134
)
 
$
37,480

 
$
1,946

Mortgage loans with no related allowance
27,765

 
27,765

 

 
27,696

 
1,664

 
$
57,741

 
$
80,875

 
$
(23,134
)
 
$
65,176

 
$
3,610


The loans that are categorized as "in workout" consist of loans that we have agreed to lower or no mortgage payments for a period of time while the borrowers address cash flow and/or operational issues. The key features of these workouts have been determined on a loan-by-loan basis. Most of these loans are in a period of low cash flow due to tenants vacating their space or tenants requesting rent relief during difficult economic periods. Generally, we have allowed the borrower a six month interest only period and in some cases a twelve month period of interest only. Interest only workout loans are expected to return to their regular debt service payments after the interest only period. Interest only loans that are not fully amortizing will have a larger balance at their balloon date than originally contracted. Fully amortizing loans that are in interest only periods will have larger debt service payments for their remaining term due to lost principal payments during the interest only period. In limited circumstances we have allowed borrowers to pay the principal portion of their loan payment into an escrow account that can be used for capital and tenant improvements for a period of not more than twelve months. In these situations new loan amortization schedules are calculated based on the principal not collected during this twelve month workout period and larger payments are collected for the remaining term of each loan. In all cases, original interest rate and maturity date have not been modified and we have not forgiven any principal amounts.
A Troubled Debt Restructuring ("TDR") is a situation where we have granted a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties that we would not otherwise consider. A mortgage loan that has been granted new terms, including workout terms as described previously, would be considered a TDR if it meets conditions that would indicate a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the new terms constitute a concession on our part. We analyze all loans where we have agreed to workout terms and all loans that we have refinanced to determine if they meet the definition of a TDR. We consider the following factors in determining whether or not a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty:
borrower is in default,
borrower has declared bankruptcy,
there is growing concern about the borrower's ability to continue as a going concern,
borrower has insufficient cash flows to service debt,
borrower's inability to obtain funds from other sources, and
there is a breach of financial covenants by the borrower.
If the borrower is determined to be in financial difficulty, we consider the following conditions to determine if the borrower was granted a concession:

assets used to satisfy debt are less than our recorded investment,
interest rate is modified,
maturity date extension at an interest rate less than market rate,
capitalization of interest,
delaying principal and/or interest for a period of three months or more, and
partial forgiveness of the balance or charge-off.
Mortgage loan workouts, refinances or restructures that are classified as TDRs are individually evaluated and measured for impairment. A summary of mortgage loans on commercial real estate with outstanding principal at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 that we determined to be TDRs are as follows:
Geographic Region
 
Number of TDRs
 
Principal Balance Outstanding
 
Specific Loan Loss Allowance
 
Net Carrying Amount
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
East
 
1
 
$
3,712

 
$
(949
)
 
$
2,763

Mountain
 
7
 
21,514

 
(631
)
 
20,883

South Atlantic
 
6
 
10,792

 
(3,314
)
 
7,478

East North Central
 
1
 
2,219

 
(467
)
 
1,752

West North Central
 
1
 
1,938

 

 
1,938

West South Central
 
1
 
1,714

 
(256
)
 
1,458

 
 
17
 
$
41,889

 
$
(5,617
)
 
$
36,272

December 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
East
 
1
 
$
4,208

 
$
(1,425
)
 
$
2,783

Mountain
 
10
 
28,786

 
(1,702
)
 
27,084

South Atlantic
 
9
 
23,358

 
(5,047
)
 
18,311

East North Central
 
1
 
2,232

 
(467
)
 
1,765

West North Central
 
3
 
9,466

 
(2,328
)
 
7,138

 
 
24
 
$
68,050

 
$
(10,969
)
 
$
57,081