20-F/A

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 20-F/A

(Amendment No. 1)

(Mark One)

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                  to                 

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report                 

Commission file numbers 1-14642            

ING GROEP N.V.

(Exact Names of Registrants as Specified in their Charter[s])

ING GROUP

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

The Netherlands

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

ING Groep N.V.

Bijlmerplein 888

1102 MG Amsterdam

P.O. Box 1800, 1000 BV Amsterdam

The Netherlands

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Norman Tambach

Telephone: +31 20 576 6160

E-mail: Norman.Tambach@ing.com

Bijlmerplein 888

1102 MG Amsterdam

The Netherlands

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
American Depositary Shares, each representing one Ordinary Share	New York Stock Exchange
Ordinary Shares, nominal value EUR 0.01 per Ordinary Share*	New York Stock Exchange
6.125% ING Perpetual Debt Securities	New York Stock Exchange
6.375% ING Perpetual Debt Securities	New York Stock Exchange
3.150% Fixed Rate Senior Notes due 2022	New York Stock Exchange
3.950% Fixed Rate Senior Notes due 2027	New York Stock Exchange
Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2022	New York Stock Exchange

* Listed, not for trading or quotation purposes, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers’ classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Ordinary Shares, nominal value EUR 0.01 per Ordinary Share 3.885.790.441

Indicate by check mark if each registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☑

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrants are not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act 1934. Yes ☐  No ☑

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants: (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically and posted on their corporate Web sites, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☑        Accelerated Filer ☐         Non-Accelerated Filer ☐         Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards* provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

* Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP☐ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☑ Other  ☐

*If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:  Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☑

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS.)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes☐  No ☐

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 8, 2018 (the “2017 Form 20-F”), is being filed solely for the purposes of adding Exhibit 101 to Item 19 “Exhibits” and furnishing the Interactive Data File disclosure as Exhibit 101 in accordance with Rule 405 of Regulation S-T. Exhibit 101 was not previously filed.

Other than as expressly set forth above, this Amendment No. 1 to the 2017 Form 20-F does not, and does not purport to, amend, update or restate the information in any other item of the 2017 Form 20-F, or reflect any events that have occurred after the 2017 Form 20-F was originally filed.

2

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Presentation Linkbase

3

Signatures

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing this Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorised the undersigned to sign this Amendment No. 1 to Form 20-F on its behalf.

Date: March 29, 2018	ING Groep N.V. (Registrant)
	By:	/s/ J.V. Timmermans
		J.V. Timmermans
		Chief Financial Officer

4

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 shares
Document - Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	20-F/A
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	ING
Entity Registrant Name	ING GROEP NV
Entity Central Index Key	0001039765
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	3,885,790,441

XML

Consolidated statement of financial position - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Assets
Cash and balances with central banks 2	€ 21,989	€ 18,144
Loans and advances to banks 3	28,811	28,858
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 4
- trading assets	116,748	114,504
- non-trading derivatives	2,231	2,490
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss	4,242	5,099
Investments 5
- available-for-sale	69,730	82,912
- held-to-maturity	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers 6	571,909	560,154
Investments in associates and joint ventures 7	1,088	1,141
Property and equipment 8	1,801	2,002
Intangible assets 9	1,469	1,484
Current tax assets	324	314
Deferred tax assets 36	1,106	1,641
Other assets 10	13,087	14,722
Total assets	843,878	842,216
Liabilities
Deposits from banks 11	36,821	31,964
Customer deposits 12	539,828	522,908
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss 13
- trading liabilities	73,596	83,167
- non-trading derivatives	2,331	3,541
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss	11,215	12,266
Current tax liabilities	750	546
Deferred tax liabilities 36	362	624
Provisions 14	1,713	2,028
Other liabilities 15	16,064	16,852
Debt securities in issue 16	96,086	103,234
Subordinated loans 17	15,968	17,223
Total liabilities	794,734	794,353
Equity 18
Share capital and share premium	17,045	16,989
Other reserves	4,362	5,897
Retained earnings	27,022	24,371
Shareholders' equity (parent)	48,429	47,257
Non-controlling interests	715	606
Total equity	49,144	47,863
Total liabilities and equity	€ 843,878	€ 842,216

XML

Consolidated statement of profit or loss - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Continuing operations
Interest income	€ 43,890	€ 44,182	€ 46,321
Interest expense	(30,243)	(30,941)	(33,760)
Net interest income 19	13,647	13,241	12,561
Commission income	3,865	3,581	3,411
Commission expense	(1,155)	(1,148)	(1,093)
Net commission income 20	2,710	2,433	2,318
Valuation results and net trading income 21	1,512	1,545	2,445
Investment income 22	192	421	123
Share of result from associates and joint ventures 7	178	88	492
Result on disposal of group companies 23	1	1	2
Other income 24	350	173	66
Total income	18,590	17,902	18,007
Addition to loan loss provisions 6	676	974	1,347
Staff expenses 25	5,202	5,039	4,972
Other operating expenses 26	4,627	5,575	4,354
Total expenses	10,505	11,588	10,673
Result before tax from continuing operations	8,085	6,314	7,334
Taxation 36	2,539	1,705	1,924
Net result from continuing operations	5,546	4,609	5,410
Net result attributable to Non-controlling interests
Net result attributable to Non-controlling interests from continuing operations	82	75	69
Net result attributable to Non-controlling interests from discontinued operations			339
Net result attributable to Non-controlling interests	82	75	408
Discontinued operations 27
Net result from discontinued operations			800
Net result from classification as discontinued operations			3
Net result from disposal of discontinued operations		441	(879)
Total net result from discontinued operations		441	(76)
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent from continuing operations	5,464	4,534	5,341
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent from discontinued operations		441	(415)
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	5,464	4,975	4,926
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total net result	€ 5,546	€ 5,050	€ 5,334
Earnings per ordinary share 28
Basic earnings per ordinary share	€ 1.41	€ 1.28	€ 1.28
Diluted earnings per ordinary share	€ 1.41	€ 1.28	€ 1.27
Net result attributable to Non-controlling interests	€ 82	€ 75	€ 408
Earnings per ordinary share from continuing operations 28
Basic earnings per ordinary share from continuing operations	€ 1.41	€ 1.17	€ 1.39
Diluted earnings per ordinary share from continuing operations	1.41	1.17	1.38
Dividend per ordinary share 29	€ 0.67	€ 0.66	€ 0.65
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	€ 5,464	€ 4,975	€ 4,926

XML

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of comprehensive income [abstract]
Net result (before non-controlling interests)	€ 5,546	€ 5,050	€ 5,334
Items that will not be reclassified to the statement of profit or loss:
Realised and unrealised revaluations property in own use	26	5	35
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability 35	(29)	(65)	24
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to the statement of profit or loss:
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations	(283)	61	(414)
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss	(92)	(146)	(92)
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve	(525)	77	(724)
Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC			601
Exchange rate differences	(864)	(254)	1,697	[1]
Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures and other income	(5)	(14)	(5)
Total comprehensive income	3,774	4,714	6,456
Comprehensive income attributable to:
Non-controllinginterests	109		534
Equityholders of the parent	3,665	4,714	5,922
Total comprehensive income	€ 3,774	€ 4,714	€ 6,456

[1] Exchange rate differences and other include the transfer of Revaluation reserves to Other reserves due to the partial sale of NN Group in February 2015.

XML

Consolidated statement of changes in equity - EUR (€) € in Millions		Total	NN Group [member]	Share capital and share premium [Member]	Other reserves [Member]	Other reserves [Member] NN Group [member]	Retained earnings [member]	Retained earnings [member] NN Group [member]	Shareholders' equity (parent) [Member]	Shareholders' equity (parent) [Member] NN Group [member]	Non-controlling interests [Member]	Non-controlling interests [Member] NN Group [member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014		€ 55,601		€ 16,971	€ 11,213		€ 19,370		€ 47,554		€ 8,047
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations		(414)			(528)				(528)		114
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		(92)			(94)				(94)		2
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		(724)			(715)				(715)		(9)
Realised and unrealised revaluations property in own use		35			35				35
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability 35		24			34				34		(10)
Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC		601			609				609		(8)
Exchange rate differences	[1]	1,697			1,662				1,662		35
Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures		(5)			(7)				(7)		2
Total amount recognised directly in other comprehensive income		1,122			996				996		126
Net result from continuing and discontinued operations		5,334			131		4,795		4,926		408
Total comprehensive income		6,456			1,127		4,795		5,922		534
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group			€ 1,273			€ (1,499)	(258)	€ (258)		€ (1,757)		€ 3,030
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group			€ (16,113)			€ (5,345)				€ (5,345)		€ (10,768)
Dividends 29		(1,511)					(1,393)		(1,393)		(118)
Coupon on Undated subordinated notes issued by NN Group		(34)					(19)		(19)		(15)
Changes in treasury shares		28			28				28
Employee stock option and share plans		117		11			105		116		1
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(207)			235		(369)		(134)		(73)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015		45,610		16,982	5,759		22,231		44,972		638
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations		61			80				80		(19)
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		(146)			(146)				(146)
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		77			111				111		(34)
Realised and unrealised revaluations property in own use		5			5				5
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability 35		(65)			(65)				(65)
Exchange rate differences		(254)			(232)				(232)		(22)
Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures		(14)			251		(265)		(14)
Total amount recognised directly in other comprehensive income		(336)			4		(265)		(261)		(75)
Net result from continuing and discontinued operations		5,050			124		4,851		4,975		75
Total comprehensive income		4,714			128		4,586		4,714
Dividends 29		(2,553)					(2,521)		(2,521)		(32)
Changes in treasury shares		10			10				10
Employee stock option and share plans		82		7			75		82
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016		47,863		16,989	5,897		24,371		47,257		606
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations		(283)			(293)				(293)		10
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		(92)			(90)				(90)		(2)
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		(525)			(514)				(514)		(11)
Realised and unrealised revaluations property in own use		26					26		26
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability 35		(29)			(29)				(29)
Exchange rate differences		(864)			(894)				(894)		30
Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures		(5)			138		(143)		(5)
Total amount recognised directly in other comprehensive income		(1,772)			(1,682)		(117)		(1,799)		27
Net result from continuing and discontinued operations		5,546			153		5,311		5,464		82
Total comprehensive income		3,774			(1,529)		5,194		3,665		109
Dividends 29		(2,564)					(2,564)		(2,564)
Changes in treasury shares		(6)			(6)				(6)
Employee stock option and share plans		77		56			21		77
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017		€ 49,144		€ 17,045	€ 4,362		€ 27,022		€ 48,429		€ 715

[1] Exchange rate differences and other include the transfer of Revaluation reserves to Other reserves due to the partial sale of NN Group in February 2015.

XML

Consolidated statement of cash flows - EUR (€) € in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities
Result before tax	[1]	€ 8,085	€ 6,753	€ 7,403
Adjusted for: - depreciation and amortisation		520	536	634
- change in provisions for insurance and investment contracts				(1,499)
- addition to loan loss provisions		676	974	1,347
- other		703	1,084	(1,310)
Taxation paid		(1,691)	(1,603)	(1,450)
Changes in: - loans and advances to banks, not available on demand		(3,126)	(1,162)	6,766
- trading assets		(1,612)	16,956	5,458
- non-tradingderivatives		(2,239)	1,812	(303)
- other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		441	(3,401)	(256)
- loans and advances to customers		(21,390)	(29,656)	(23,030)
- other assets		(430)	(915)	549
- deposits from banks, not payable on demand		6,320	(342)	5,179
- customer deposits		18,291	23,493	17,970
- trading liabilities		(9,575)	(5,634)	(8,276)
- other financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		(565)	(432)	(1,582)
- provisions and other liabilities		339	90	2,977
Net cash flow from/(used in) operating activities		(5,253)	8,553	10,577
Cash flows from investing activities
Investments and - associates and joint ventures advances:		(79)	(49)	(40)
- available-for-saleinvestments		(21,601)	(27,003)	(47,858)
- held-to-maturity investments		(3,609)	(1,731)	(3,457)
- property and equipment		(264)	(351)	(353)
- assets subject to operating leases		(40)	(64)	(37)
- investments for risk of policyholders				(2,417)
- other investments		(264)	(288)	(648)
Disposals and - group companies (including cash in redemptions: company disposed)	[2]			(6,926)
- associates and joint ventures	[3]	245	1,071	1,175
- available-for-sale investments	[4]	32,788	32,540	52,675
- held-to-maturity investments		2,675	630	1,219
- property and equipment		65	63	74
- assets subject to operating leases		14	12	17
- investments for risk of policyholders				7,566
- loans		1,815	1,295	3,201
- other investments		9	9	5
Net cash flow from/(used in) investing activities 30		11,754	6,134	4,196
Net cash flow from/(used in) operating activities		(5,253)	8,553	10,577
Net cash flow from/(used in) investing activities 30		11,754	6,134	4,196
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from debt securities 31		95,458	106,174	139,424
Repayments of debt securities 31		96,837	(123,748)	(147,337)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated loans 31		2,331	2,070	3,159
Repayments of subordinated loans 31	[5]	(2,343)	(1,042)	(6,092)
Purchase/sale of treasury shares		7	10	34
Proceeds from NN Group divestments and related transactions				1,040
Dividends paid		(2,564)	(2,521)	(1,393)
Net cash flow from/(used in) financing activities		(3,948)	(19,057)	(11,165)
Net cash flow		2,553	(4,370)	3,608
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		16,164	20,379	17,113
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		260	155	(342)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 32		€ 18,977	€ 16,164	€ 20,379

[1] Result before tax includes results from continuing operations of EUR 8,085 million (2016: EUR 6,314 million; 2015: EUR 7,334 million) as well as results before tax from discontinued operations of nil (2016: EUR 439 million; 2015: EUR 69 million).

[2] In 2015, Disposals and redemptions - group companies included EUR -7,975 million and EUR 997 million related to cash and cash equivalents of NN Group and proceeds from the sale of shares of NN Group resulting in loss of control at the end of May 2015 respectively.

[3] Disposals and redemptions - associates and joint ventures includes (2016: EUR 1,016 million proceeds on the further sale of NN Group shares in January 2016 resulting in loss of significant influence over NN Group; 2015: EUR 995 million proceeds on the further sale of NN Group shares in September 2015).

[4] In 2016, Disposals and redemptions - available-for-sale investments includes EUR 1,375 million proceeds on the divestment of the remaining shareholding in NN Group in April 2016.

[5] In 2016, Repayment of subordinated loans includes a cash outflow of EUR 128 million related to the third and final tranche of mandatory exchangeable subordinated notes from the Anchor investors into NN Group ordinary shares in February 2016.

XML

Consolidated statement of cash flows (Parenthetical) - EUR (€) € in Millions		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Apr. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Profit loss from continued operations, before tax			€ 8,085	€ 6,314	€ 7,334
Profit loss from discontinued operations, before tax				439	69
Proceeds from sale of entity shares	[1]				(6,926)
Proceeds from available-for-sale investments	[2]		32,788	32,540	52,675
Cash and balances with central banks			21,989	18,144	21,458
Interest received			45,014	44,814	47,055
Interest paid			(31,032)	(31,703)	(34,238)
Interest income (expense)			13,982	13,111	12,817
Dividend received2			206	208	137
Dividend paid			€ (2,564)	(2,521)	(1,393)
NN Group [member]
Proceeds from sale of entity shares				1,016	995
Proceeds from available-for-sale investments		€ 1,375
Cash and balances with central banks				€ 128
NN Group [member]
Proceeds from sale of entity shares					7,975
Disposal and redemptions in group companies					€ 997

[1] In 2015, Disposals and redemptions - group companies included EUR -7,975 million and EUR 997 million related to cash and cash equivalents of NN Group and proceeds from the sale of shares of NN Group resulting in loss of control at the end of May 2015 respectively.

[2] In 2016, Disposals and redemptions - available-for-sale investments includes EUR 1,375 million proceeds on the divestment of the remaining shareholding in NN Group in April 2016.

XML

Reporting entity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Reporting entity

Reporting entity

ING Groep N.V. is a company domiciled in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Commercial Register of Amsterdam, number 33231073. These Consolidated financial statements, as at and for the year ended 31 December 2017, comprise ING Groep N.V. (the Parent company) and its subsidiaries, together referred to as ING Group. ING Group is a global financial institution with a strong European base, offering a wide range of retail and wholesale banking services to customers in over 40 countries.

Authorisation of the Consolidated financial statements

The ING Group Consolidated financial statements, for the year ended 31 December 2017, were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Executive Board on 5 March 2018. The Executive Board may decide to amend the financial statements as long as these are not adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. The General Meeting of Shareholders may decide not to adopt the financial statements, but may not amend these.

XML

Basis of preparation of the Consolidated annual accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Basis of preparation of the Consolidated annual accounts

Basis of preparation of the Consolidated financial statements

ING Group prepares financial information in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board for purposes of reporting with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including financial information contained in this Annual report on Form 20-F. The term ‘IFRS-IASB’ is used to refer to International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, including the decisions ING Group made with regard to the options available under IFRS-IASB.

IFRS-IASB provides several options in accounting policies. The key areas in which IFRS-IASB allows accounting policy choices and the related ING accounting policy, are summarised as follows:

• ING’s accounting policy for Real estate investments is fair value, with changes in fair value reflected immediately in the profit and loss account; and

• ING’s accounting policy for Property for own use is fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in the revaluation reserve in equity (‘Other comprehensive income’). A net negative revaluation on individual properties is reflected immediately in the profit and loss account.

ING Group’s accounting policies under IFRS-IASB and its decision on the options available are included in the section ‘Principles of valuation and determination of results’ below. Except for the options included above, the principles in section ‘Principles of valuation and determination of results’ are IFRS-IASB and do not include other significant accounting policy choices made by ING. The accounting policies that are most significant to ING are included in section ‘Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions’.

The ING Group Consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.

XML

Accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Accounting policies

1 Accounting policies

ING Group has consistently applied its accounting policies to all periods presented in these Consolidated financial statements.

a) Changes in accounting policies in 2017

ING Group has applied a number of amendments to standards for the first time during the year ended 31 December 2017. The implementation of these changes had an insignificant impact on the consolidated financial position, net result, other comprehensive income, cash flows, and related disclosures of ING Group. The amendment to IAS 7 now requires a disclosure of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, reference is made to Note 31 ‘Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities’. ING Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment which has been issued, but is not yet effective.

b) Upcoming changes in IFRS after 2017

Changes to IFRS effective in 2018 and onwards expected to have no significant impact on ING Group

The following published amendments are not mandatory for 2017 and have not been early adopted by the group. ING Group is still currently assessing the detailed impact of these amendments, however the implementation of these amendments is expected to have no significant impact on ING Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The list of upcoming changes to IFRS, which are applicable for ING Group:

Effective in 2018:

• Amendments to IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payment’: Classification and Measurement of Share-based payment transactions

• Amendments to IAS 40 ‘Investment Property’: Transfers of Investment Property;

• Annual improvements cycle 2014 – 2016: Amendments to IAS 28 ‘Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures’; and

• IFRIC 22 ‘Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration’.

Effective in 2019:

• IFRIC 23 ‘Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments’;

• Amendments to IAS 28: ‘Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures’: Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures;

• Annual improvements cycle 2015 – 2017: Amendments to IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’, IFRS 11 ‘Joint Arrangements’, IAS 12 ‘Income Taxes’, IAS 23 ‘Borrowing Costs’; and

• Amendments to IAS 19: ‘Employee Benefits’: Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement

IASB has also issued IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’ effective in 2021, however it is not applicable for ING Group.

Major new IFRSs

IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’

IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ was issued by the IASB in July 2014 and endorsed by the EU in November 2016. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ and includes requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. The new requirements are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 and will be applied by ING Group as of 1 January 2018. ING Group applies the classification, measurement, and impairment requirements retrospectively by adjusting the opening balance sheet and opening equity at 1 January 2018, and has decided not to restate comparative periods and not to early apply the changed own credit risk requirements, as permitted by IFRS 9. In October 2017, the IASB issued an amendment to IFRS 9 with regard to prepayment features with negative compensation. This change allows financial assets with prepayment features that permit or require a party to a contract either to pay or receive reasonable compensation for the early termination of the contract, to be measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income. The amendment will be effective for annual period beginning or after 1 January 2019. If the amendment is endorsed by the EU, ING will early adopt the amendment to IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2018 as permitted. Based on the assessments carried out, ING Group does not expect that this change will have an impact.

ING decided to continue applying IAS 39 for hedge accounting as explicitly permitted by IFRS 9. The revised hedge accounting disclosures as required by IFRS 7 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’ as per 1 January 2018 will be implemented across ING Group.

IFRS 9 program governance and status

The IFRS 9 program was initiated in 2015 and was set-up based on the three pillars of the IFRS 9 standard: Classification and Measurement, Impairment, and Hedge Accounting. These central work streams consisted of experts from Finance, Risk, Bank Treasury, Operations and the Business. The IFRS 9 Technical Board consisted of the heads of various Finance and Risk functions supporting the IFRS 9 Steering Committee by reviewing the interpretations of IFRS 9, the central guidance, and instructions as prepared by the central work streams. The IFRS 9 Steering Committee was the key decision making body and consists of senior managers from Finance, Risk, Bank Treasury and Wholesale Banking Lending Services. The Management Board Banking and the Audit Committee were periodically updated about IFRS 9 and the key decisions.

In 2017 the program’s focus was on:

• Performing three ‘parallel runs’ to test readiness of systems, processes and a number of controls for transition to
IFRS 9 as per 1 January 2018;

• Developing and validating of the new expected credit loss models;

• Developing and implementing processes for staging and using forward looking economic guidance in the Expected Credit Losses models;

• Finalising technical interpretation of the IFRS 9 standard;

• Finalising the business model assessment and solely payments of principal and interest testing for Classification and Measurement purposes;

• Implementing and testing system changes;

• Updating the policies, governance and control frameworks that are impacted by IFRS 9 and starting to embed these changes into everyday business and financial reporting cycles;

• Preparing the IFRS 9 transition disclosure plan.

During 2017, the IFRS 9 program was subject to reviews by supervisors and audits by ING’s internal audit department.

ING has almost completed the implementation of IFRS 9. The main procedures that are in the process of being finalised are the transfer of program activities, further embedding internal controls in the processes and the last model validations.

Classification and Measurement

IFRS 9 is built on a single classification and measurement approach for financial assets that reflects the business model in which they are managed and their cash flow characteristics. Financial assets are therefore classified in their entirety rather than being subject to complex bifurcation requirements.

Two criteria are used to determine how financial assets should be classified and measured at amortised cost (AC), fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVPL):

1. The business model assessment, performed to determine how a portfolio of financial instruments as a whole is managed in order to classify the business model as Hold to Collect (HtC), Hold to Collect & Sell (HtC&S), or other; and

2. The contractual cash flow characteristics test, performed to determine whether the financial instruments give rise to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI). Principal is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. Interest is defined as consideration for the time value of money, for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period and for other basic lending risk and costs as well as margin.

A financial asset is measured at AC if it is held within a HtC business model, the contractual cash flows are solely SPPI and if it is not designated as at FVPL. A financial asset is measured at FVOCI if it is held within a HtC&S business model, the contractual cash flows are solely SPPI and if it is not designated as at FVPL. Financial assets not classified as AC or FVOCI are measured at FVPL.

ING’s business models are based on the existing management structure of the bank, and refined based on an analysis of how businesses are evaluated and reported, how their specific business risks are managed and on historic and expected future sales. The SPPI testing was carried out on a sample basis conducted after the financial assets within the business models were stratified based on an analysis of product characteristics. In performing the SPPI testing, ING considered the contractual terms of the instruments. This included assessing whether the financial assets contained a contractual term that would change the amount or timing of contractual cash flows such that they would no longer be SPPI compliant. In making the assessment, terms such as the following were considered:

• Prepayment terms. For example a prepayment of an outstanding principal amount plus a penalty capped to three or six months of interest;

• Leverage features, which increase the variability of the contractual cash flows with the result that they do not have the economic characteristics of interest; An example is a Libor contract with a multiplier of 1.3;

• Terms that limit the groups claim to cash flows from specified assets – e.g. non-recourse asset arrangements; This could be the case if payments of principal and interest are met solely by the cash flows generated by the underlying asset, for example in real estate, shipping and aviation financing;

• Features that modify consideration for the time value of money. These are contracts with for example an interest rate which is reset every month to a one-year rate.

A number of key accounting policy choices were required for the Classification and Measurement of ING’s financial assets, such as the level of permissible sales in a HtC business model, the FVOCI option for equity investments and accounting prepayments. The decision making process for such policy choices followed the IFRS 9 programme governance, with technical matters researched, decisions documented, and conclusions proposed by ING’s IFRS 9 Technical Board for approval by the IFRS 9 Steering Committee.

IFRS 9 largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification of financial liabilities. However, under IAS 39 all fair value changes of financial liabilities designated at FVPL are recognised in the Statement of profit or loss (SOPL), whereas under IFRS 9 the fair value changes are presented as follows:

• The amount of change in the fair value that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability is presented in the Statement of other comprehensive income (SOCI). Upon derecognition this Debt Valuation Adjustment (DVA) impact shall not be recycled from other comprehensive income (OCI) to the SOPL; and

• The remaining amount of change in the fair value is presented in the SOPL.

The impact of this change is that an amount of approximately EUR 0.2 billion will be reclassified within equity from Retained earnings to OCI.

Impact

As a result of the combined application of the business model analysis and SPPI test, the classification and measurement of the following portfolios will change:

• The most significant change is the reclassification of a part of the available-for-sale (AFS) investment portfolio, which will be split into a portfolio classified at AC and a portfolio at FVOCI. Approximately EUR 35.5 billion of debt securities previously classified at AFS under IAS 39 will be measured at AC based on the IFRS 9 HtC business model. The reclassification from AFS to AC will result in a reduction of the unrealised revaluation gains in equity at transition date of approximately EUR 0.6 billion.

• For a mortgage portfolio of EUR 3.4 billion, the measurement will change from AC to FVOCI as it meets the HtC&S business model requirements. As the fair value of the portfolio is higher than the AC, this will have a positive impact on equity of EUR 0.2 billion.

• Approximately EUR 1.3 billion of debt securities and loans previously booked at AC or AFS will be measured at FVPL as the cash flows do not meet the SPPI test. This measurement change has a limited negative impact on equity at transition date.

Furthermore, there are a few portfolios for which only the classification on ING’s Consolidated statement of financial position will change without impacting equity.

• ING has a portfolio of equity securities amounting to EUR 4.0 billion. For strategic equity instruments amounting to EUR 3.9 billion, ING has decided to apply the option to irrevocably designate these at FVOCI, instead of the IFRS 9 default measurement of FVPL. FVOCI equity investments will have no recycling of the revaluation reserve anymore to the SOPL upon disposal. For these instruments only dividend income continues to be recognised in the SOPL.; and

• Certain reverse repurchase portfolios amounting to EUR 54.8 billion will be classified as financial assets ‘Mandatorily at FVPL’ instead of Held for trading. ING will use the fair value option for the related repurchase financial liabilities amounting to EUR 37.2 billion.

Impairment

The implementation of IFRS 9 has a significant impact on ING’s impairment methodology. The Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model is a forward-looking model. The ECL estimates are unbiased, probability-weighted, and include supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. ING’s ECL model reflects three macroeconomic scenarios via a baseline, up and down scenario and include the time value of money. The model applies to on-balance sheet financial assets accounted for at AC and FVOCI such as loans, debt securities and lease receivables, as well as off-balance sheet items such as undrawn loan commitments, certain financial guarantees, and undrawn committed revolving credit facilities. Compared to the scope under IAS 39, the main change is the inclusion of off-balance sheet exposures and HtC&S financial assets. ING aligned the definition of credit impaired under IFRS 9 with the definition of default for prudential purposes.

ING’s approach leveraged the existing regulatory capital models that use the Advanced Internal Ratings Based (AIRB) models for regulatory purposes. For other portfolios that use the Standardized Approach (SA) to calculate regulatory capital, ING developed new ECL models.

Three stage approach

ING Group will apply the IFRS 9 three stage approach to measure expected credit losses:

• Stage 1: 12 month ECL – No significantly increased credit risk.

Financial instruments that have not had a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition require, at initial recognition a provision for ECL associated with the probability of default events occurring within the next 12 months (12 month ECL). For those financial assets with a remaining maturity of less than 12 months, a Probability of Default (PD) is used that corresponds to the remaining maturity.

• Stage 2: Lifetime ECL – Significantly increased credit risk

In the event of a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a provision is required for the lifetime ECL representing losses over the life of the financial instrument (lifetime ECL).

• Stage 3: Lifetime ECL – Defaulted

Financial instruments that move into Stage 3 once credit impaired and purchases of credit impaired assets will require a lifetime provision.

Significant increase in credit risk

A financial asset moves from Stage 1 to Stage 2 when there is a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. ING Group established a framework which incorporates quantitative and qualitative information to identify this on an asset level applying a relative assessment. Each financial asset will be assessed at the reporting date on the triggers for significant deterioration. ING Group assesses significant increase in credit risk using:

• Delta in the lifetime default probability;

• Forbearance status;

• Watch list status. Loans on the watchlist are individually assessed for Stage 2 classification;

• Intensive care management;

• Internal rating;

• Arrears; and the

• More than 30 days past due backstop for Stage 1 to Stage 2 transfers.

The delta in lifetime probability of default is the main trigger for movement between Stage 1 and Stage 2. The trigger compares lifetime probability of default at origination versus lifetime probability of default at reporting date, considering the remaining maturity. Assets can move in both directions, meaning that they will move back to Stage 1 or Stage 2 when the Stage 2 or Stage 3 triggers are not applicable anymore (taking into account the regulatory probation periods). The stage allocation is implemented in the central credit risk systems.

Macroeconomic scenarios

ING has established a quarterly process whereby forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios and probability weightings are developed for ECL calculation purposes. ING applies predominantly data from a leading service provider enriched with the internal ING view. To reflect an unbiased and probability-weighted ECL amount, a baseline, an up-scenario and a down-scenario are determined. As a baseline scenario, ING applies the market-neutral view combining consensus forecasts for economic variables such as unemployment rates, GDP growth, house prices, commodity prices, and short-term interest rates. Applying market consensus in the baseline scenario ensures unbiased estimates of the expected credit losses.

The alternative scenarios are based on observed forecast errors in the past, adjusted for the risks affecting the economy today and the forecast horizon. The probabilities assigned are based on the likelihoods of observing the three scenarios and are derived from confidence intervals on a probability distribution. The scenarios are adjusted on a quarterly basis.

As the inclusion of forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios requires judgement, a Macroeconomic scenarios team and a Macroeconomic scenarios expert panel were established. The Macroeconomic scenarios team is responsible for the macroeconomic scenarios used for IFRS 9 ECL purposes with a challenge by the Macroeconomic scenarios expert panel. This ensures that the macroeconomic scenarios are sufficiently challenged and that key economic risks, including immediate short term risks, are taken into consideration when developing the macroeconomic scenarios used in the calculation of ECL. The Macroeconomic scenarios expert panel is a diverse team composed of senior management representatives from the Business, Risk, Finance, and an external party.

Measurement

The calculation of IFRS 9 ECL leverages on ING Group’s expected loss models (PD, LGD, EAD) currently used for regulatory capital, economic capital, and collective provisions in the current IAS 39 framework. These models are adjusted for 1) removal of embedded prudential conservatism (such as floors), 2) provide forward-looking point in time estimates based on macroeconomic predictions and 3) a 12 months or lifetime view of credit risk where needed. Lifetime features are default behaviour over a longer horizon, full behaviour after the default moment, repayment schedules and early settlements. For most financial instruments, the expected life is limited to the remaining maturity. For overdrafts and certain revolving credit facilities, such as credit cards, open ended assumptions are taken as these do not have a fixed term or repayment schedule.

To measure ECL, ING Group applies a PD x EAD x LGD approach incorporating the time value of money. For Stage 1 assets a forward-looking approach on a 12 month horizon will be applied. For Stage 2 assets a lifetime view on the credit is applied. The Lifetime Expected Loss (LEL) is the discounted sum of the portions of lifetime losses related to default events within each time window of 12 months till maturity. For Stage 3 assets the PD equals 100% and the Loss Given Default (LGD) and Exposure At Default (EAD) represent a lifetime view of the losses based on characteristics of defaulted facilities.

Impact

As a result of the new IFRS 9 impairment requirements, ING expects that the loan loss provisions (LLP) increase by approximately EUR 0.6 billion (pre-tax). The split of the ECL to different stages of our portfolio is further detailed in the table below. The increase in the level of impairments due to the IFRS 9 transition is mainly the result of IFRS 9 Stage 2 loans for which lifetime expected credit losses need to be calculated.

Estimated IFRS 9 transition impact impairments as at 1 January 2018¹

In billions of euros	IAS 39 LLP		IFRS 9 impairment stages	Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase			Estimated IFRS 9 ECL
Incurred but Not Reported (IBNR)		0.7	Stage 1 – 12 month ECL		0.1			0.4
			Stage 2 – Lifetime ECL		0.5			0.9
Individual provisions (ISFA, INSFA)		3.9	Stage 3 – Lifetime ECL		0.0	2		3.9
Total		4.6	Total		0.6			5.2

1 Includes provisions for contingent liabilities

2 The change for Stage 3 financial assets is rounded.

IFRS 9 Impact on capital and other regulatory requirements

IFRS 9 will impact ING Group’s reported capital as a result of the transition adjustments recorded in shareholders’ equity on transition date. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) pointed out that the treatment of provisions under both the SA and the AIRB frameworks remains, but allows jurisdictions the option to choose whether to apply a transitional arrangement for the impact of impairment under IFRS 9. As a result, the EU introduced transitional arrangements for mitigating the impact of the introduction of IFRS 9 impairment on own funds in the Capital Requirements Regulations (CRR). ING has decided not to apply the IFRS 9 impairment transitional arrangements. The increase in provisions will have limited impact on ING’s CET1 ratio as for the AIRB portfolios it will be offset by the existing regulatory provision shortfall per 31 December 2017.

The estimated impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 on shareholders’ equity is approximately EUR -0.9 billion and -18 basis points on CET1 capital ratio at implementation date 1 January 2018, consisting of:

Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders’ equity as at 1 January 2018

In billions of euros	Estimated impact on shareholders’ equity
Loan loss provisions1		–0.4
Investment portfolio2		–0.6
Mortgages held in HtC&S portfolio3		0.2
Other4		–0.1
Total impact		–0.9

1 The EUR -0.4 billion is, the post-tax impact on equity of the estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase amounting to EUR 0.6 billion. The capital impact is for the AIRB portfolios, offset by the release of expected loss elements currently included in the calculation of regulatory capital per 31 December 2017.

2 Main impact of approximately EUR -0.6 billion from the reclassification of a part of the investment portfolio from the AFS (FVOCI) debt securities under IAS 39 to the HtC portfolio (AC) under IFRS 9.

3 A portfolio of mortgages will be measured at FVOCI under IFRS 9 instead of AC under IAS 39 resulting in an impact of approximate EUR 0.2 billion impact on CET1 capital.

4 This item mainly relates to the estimated impact of reporting loans and debt instruments at fair value through the SOPL because the cash flows of these assets do not represent SPPI.

The impact on other regulatory ratios is not expected to be material.

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 and has been endorsed by the EU. IFRS 15 introduces a five-step approach for recognising revenue as and when the agreed performance obligations are satisfied. Agreed performance obligations are individual promises made to the customer that deliver benefit from the customer’s perspective. Revenue should either be recognised at a point-in-time or over-time depending on the service being delivered to the customer.

ING assessed the impact of IFRS 15 and expects that it will have no significant effect on ING Group’s Net result and/or Other comprehensive income and Shareholders’ equity.

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019 and has been endorsed by the EU. IFRS 16 is the new accounting standard for leases and will replace IAS 17 ‘Leases’ and IFRIC 4 ‘Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease’. The new standard removes the distinction between operating or finance leases for lessee accounting, resulting in all leases being treated as finance leases. All leases will be recognised on the statement of financial position with the optional exceptions for short-term leases with a lease term of less than 12 months and leases of low-value assets (for example mobile phones or laptops). A lessee is required to recognise a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The main reason for this change is that this approach will result in a more comparable representation of a lessee’s assets and liabilities in relation to other companies and, together with enhanced disclosures, will provide greater transparency of a lessee’s financial leverage and capital employed. The standard permits a lessee to choose either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective transition approach. Furthermore the standard provides some practical options and exemptions to ease the costs of transition. Lessor accounting remains substantially unchanged. ING will adopt the standard at its effective date planning to use the modified retrospective approach, however ING is still currently assessing the detailed impact of this standard.

Reconciliation between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB

The published 2017 Annual Accounts of ING Group are prepared in accordance with IFRS-EU. IFRS-EU refers to International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union (EU), including the decisions ING Group made with regard to the options available under IFRS as adopted by the EU. IFRS-EU differs from IFRS-IASB in respect of certain paragraphs in IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ regarding hedge accounting for portfolio hedges of interest rate risk.

Under IFRS-EU, ING Group applies fair value hedge accounting for portfolio hedges of interest rate risk (fair value macro hedges) in accordance with the EU carve-out version of IAS 39. Under the EU IAS 39 carve-out, hedge accounting may be applied, in respect of fair value macro hedges, to core deposits and hedge ineffectiveness is only recognised when the revised estimate of the amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets falls below the original designated amount of that bucket and is not recognised when the revised amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets is more than the original designated amount. Under IFRS-IASB, hedge accounting for fair value macro hedges cannot be applied to core deposits and ineffectiveness arises whenever the revised estimate of the amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets is either more or less than the original designated amount of that bucket.

This information is prepared by reversing the hedge accounting impacts that are applied under the EU ‘carve-out’ version of IAS 39. Financial information under IFRS-IASB accordingly does not take account of the possibility that had ING Group applied IFRS-IASB as its primary accounting framework it might have applied alternative hedge strategies where those alternative hedge strategies could have qualified for IFRS-IASB compliant hedge accounting. These decisions could have resulted in different shareholders’ equity and net result amounts compared to those indicated in this Annual Report on
Form 20-F.

A reconciliation between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB is included below.

Both IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB differ in several areas from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).

Reconciliation shareholders’ equity under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB
	Total Equity
	2017		2016		2015
In accordance with IFRS-EU		50,406		49,793		47,832
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out		–2,655		–3,472		–3,883
Tax effect of the adjustment		678		936		1,023
Effect of adjustment after tax		–1,977		–2,536		–2,860
Shareholders’ equity		48,429		47,257		44,972
Non-voting equity securities
Non-controlling interests		715		606		638
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total Equity		49,144		47,863		45,610

Reconciliation net result under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB
	Net result
	2017		2016		2015
In accordance with IFRS-EU		4,905		4,651		4,010
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out		817		411		1,205
Tax effect of the adjustment		–258		–87		–289
Effect of adjustment after tax		559		324		916
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)		5,464		4,975		4,926
Non-controlling interests		82		75		408
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total net result		5,546		5,050		5,334

c) Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements in the process of applying its accounting policies and to use estimates and assumptions. The estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities and the amounts of the contingent liabilities at the balance sheet date, as well as reported income and expenses for the year. The actual outcome may differ from these estimates. The process of setting assumptions is subject to internal control procedures and approvals.

ING Group has identified areas that require management to make significant judgements and use critical accounting estimates and assumptions based on the information and financial data that may change in future periods. These areas are:

• The determination of the fair values of financial assets and liabilities;

• Loan loss provisions; and

• Provisions.

For further discussion of the significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions in these areas, reference is made to the relevant parts in section d) ‘Principles of valuation and determination of results’ and the applicable notes to the consolidated financial statements.

d) Principles of valuation and determination of results

Consolidation

ING Group (the Group) comprises ING Groep N.V. (the Parent Company), ING Bank N.V. and all other subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by ING Groep N.V. Control exists if ING Groep N.V. is exposed or has rights to variable returns and has the ability to affect those returns through the power over the investee. Control is usually achieved through situations including, but not limited to:

• Ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than half of the voting power;

• Ability to appoint or remove the majority of the board of directors;

• Power to govern operating and financial policies under statute or agreement; and

• Power over more than half of the voting rights through an agreement with other investors.

The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered in assessing whether ING Group controls another entity.

For interests in investment vehicles, the existence of control is determined taking into account both ING Group’s financial interests for own risk and its role as investment manager.

A list of principal subsidiaries is included in Note 47 ‘Principal subsidiaries’.

A list containing the information referred to in Section 379 (1), Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code has been filed with the office of the Commercial Register of Amsterdam, in accordance with Section 379 (5), Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

The results of the operations and the net assets of subsidiaries are included in the statement of profit or loss and the statement of financial position from the date control is obtained until the date control is lost. On disposal, the difference between the sales proceeds, net of directly attributable transaction costs, and the net assets is included in net result.

A subsidiary which ING Group has agreed to sell but is still legally owned by ING Group may still be controlled by ING Group at the balance sheet date and therefore, still be included in the consolidation. Such a subsidiary may be presented as a held for sale disposal group if certain conditions are met.

All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised surpluses and deficits on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Where necessary, the accounting policies used by subsidiaries are changed to ensure consistency with group policies. In general, the reporting dates of subsidiaries are the same as the reporting date of ING Groep N.V.

ING Groep N.V. and its Dutch group companies are subject to legal restrictions regarding the amount of dividends they can pay to their shareholders. The Dutch Civil Code contains the restriction that dividends can only be paid up to an amount equal to the excess of the company’s own funds over the sum of the paid-up capital and reserves required by law. Additionally, certain Group companies are subject to restrictions on the amount of funds they may transfer in the form of dividends, or otherwise, to the parent company.

Furthermore, in addition to the restrictions in respect of minimum capital requirements that are imposed by industry regulators in the countries in which the subsidiaries operate, other limitations exist in certain countries.

Segment reporting

A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group, engaged in providing products or services, subject to risks and returns that are different from those of other segments monitored by management. A geographical area is a distinguishable component of the Group engaged in providing products or services within a particular economic environment that is subject to risks and returns that are different from those of segments operating in other economic environments. The geographical analyses are based on the location of the office from which the transactions are originated.

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The Consolidated financial statements are presented in euros, which is ING Group’s presentation currency.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transactions. Exchange rate differences resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the statement of profit or loss, except when deferred in equity as part of qualifying cash flow hedges or qualifying net investment hedges.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange rate differences on non-monetary items, measured at fair value through profit or loss, are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. Non-monetary items are retranslated at the date fair value is determined. Exchange rate differences on non-monetary items measured at fair value through the revaluation reserve are included in the revaluation reserve in equity.

Exchange rate differences in the statement of profit or loss are generally included in ‘Valuation results and net trading income’. Reference is made to Note 21 ‘Valuation results and net trading income’, which discloses the amounts included in the statement of profit or loss. Exchange rate differences relating to the disposal of available-for-sale debt and equity securities are considered to be an inherent part of the capital gains and losses recognised in Investment income. As mentioned below, in Group companies relating to the disposals of group companies, any exchange rate difference deferred in equity is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in ‘Result on disposal of group companies’. Reference is also made to Note 18 ‘Equity’, which discloses the amounts included in the statement of profit or loss.

Group companies

The results and financial positions of all group companies that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

• Assets and liabilities included in each statement of financial position are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position;

• Income and expenses included in each statement of profit or loss are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and

• All resulting exchange rate differences are recognised in a separate component of equity.

On consolidation, exchange rate differences arising from the translation of a monetary item that forms part of the net investment in a foreign operation, and of borrowings and other instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are taken to shareholders’ equity. When a foreign operation is sold, the corresponding exchange rate differences are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising from the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date.

Recognition and derecognition of financial instruments

Recognition of financial assets

All purchases and sales of financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity and available-for-sale that require delivery within the time frame established by regulation or market convention (‘regular way’ purchases and sales) are recognised at trade date, which is the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Loans and receivables are recognised at settlement date, which is the date on which the Group receives or delivers the asset.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or where the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. If the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a financial asset, it derecognises the financial asset if it no longer has control over the asset.

Realised gains and losses on financial assets

For financial assets at amortised cost, realised gains and losses on investments are determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and amortised cost. For available-for-sale financial assets, the accumulated fair value adjustments in other comprehensive income are included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is disposed. For equity securities, the cost is determined using a weighted average per portfolio. For debt securities, the cost is determined by specific identification.

Recognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are recognised on the date that the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss.

Classification of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include equity securities, debt securities, derivatives, loans and receivables, and other, and comprise the following sub-categories: trading assets, non-trading derivatives, and financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss by management. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss comprise the following sub-categories: trading liabilities, non-trading derivatives, and other financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss by management. Trading liabilities include equity securities, debt securities, funds on deposit, and derivatives.

A financial asset or financial liability is classified at fair value through profit or loss if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term or if designated by management as such. Management will designate a financial asset or a financial liability as such only if this eliminates a measurement inconsistency or if the related assets and liabilities are managed on a fair value basis.

Transaction costs on initial recognition are expensed as incurred. Interest income and expense from financial instruments is classified at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in Interest income using the effective interest method (where applicable) and the remaining changes in fair value of such instruments are recognised in Valuation results and net trading income in the statement of profit or loss.

Dividend income from equity instruments classified at fair value through profit or loss is generally recognised in Valuation results and net trading income in the statement of profit or loss when the dividend has been declared. For derivatives reference is made to the ‘Derivatives and hedge accounting’ section.

Investments

Investments (including loans quoted in active markets) are classified either as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. Investment debt securities and loans quoted in active markets with fixed maturity where management has both the intent and the ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity. Investment securities and quoted loans intended to be held for an indefinite period of time, which may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or changes in interest rates, exchange rates or equity prices, are classified as available-for-sale financial assets.

Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets include available-for-sale debt securities and available-for-sale equity securities. Available-for-sale financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. For available-for-sale debt securities, the difference between cost and redemption value is amortised. Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method. Available-for-sale financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income from debt securities classified as available-for-sale is recognised in Interest income in the statement of profit or loss. Dividend income from equity instruments classified as available-for-sale is recognised in Investment income in the statement of profit or loss when the dividend has been declared. Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value are recognised in equity and are recycled to the statement of profit or loss as Investment income when the asset is disposed. Investments in prepayment sensitive securities such as Interest-Only and Principal-Only strips are generally classified as available-for-sale.

Held-to-maturity investments

Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity for which the Group has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and which are designated by management as held-to-maturity assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses. Interest income from debt securities classified as held-to-maturity is recognised in Interest income in the statement of profit or loss using the effective interest method. Held-to-maturity investments include only debt securities.

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses. Loans and receivables include Cash and balances with central banks, Loans and advances to banks, Loans and advances to customers, and some categories of Other assets and are reflected in these line items in the Statement of financial position. Interest income from loans and receivables is recognised in Interest income in the Statement of profit or loss using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost include the following sub-categories: preference shares classified as debt, debt securities in issue, subordinated loans, and deposits from banks and customer deposits.

Financial liabilities at amortised cost are recognised initially at their issue proceeds (fair value of consideration received) net of transaction costs incurred. Liabilities in this category are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between proceeds, net of transaction costs, and the redemption value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss over the period of the liability using the effective interest method.

If the Group purchases its own debt, it is removed from the statement of financial position, and the difference between the carrying amount of the liability and the consideration paid is included in the statement of profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are contracts that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due, in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Such financial guarantees are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at the higher of the discounted best estimate of the obligation under the guarantee and the amount initially recognised less cumulative amortisation to reflect revenue recognition principles.

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

All the financial assets and liabilities are recognised initially at fair value, whereas financial assets and liabilities classified as held-for-trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets classified as available-for-sale are subsequently measured at fair value in the financial statements.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It uses the assumptions that market participants would use and takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability. Fair values of financial assets and liabilities are based on unadjusted quoted market prices where available. Such quoted market prices are primarily obtained from exchange prices for listed financial instruments. Where an exchange price is not available, quoted prices in an active market may be obtained from independent market vendors, brokers, or market makers. In general, positions are valued at the bid price for a long position and at the offer price for a short position or are valued at the price within the bid-offer spread that is most representative of fair value in the circumstances. In some cases where positions are marked at mid-market prices, a fair value adjustment is calculated.

For certain financial assets and liabilities quoted market prices are not available. For these financial assets and liabilities, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques range from discounting of cash flows to various valuation models, where relevant pricing factors including the market price of underlying reference instruments, market parameters (volatilities, correlations and credit ratings), and customer behaviour are taken into account. ING maximises the use of market observable inputs and minimises the use of unobservable inputs in determining the fair value. It can be subjective dependent on the significance of the unobservable input to the overall valuation. All valuation techniques used are subject to internal review and approval. Most data used in these valuation techniques are validated on a daily basis when possible.

When a group of financial assets and financial liabilities are managed on the basis of their net risk exposures, it measures the fair value of a group of financial assets and liabilities on net portfolio level.

To include credit risk in the fair value, ING applies both CRedit and Debit Valuation adjustments (CVA, DVA). Own issued debt and structured notes that are measured at fair value are adjusted for credit risk by means of a DVA. Additionally, derivatives valued at fair value are adjusted for credit risk by a CVA. The CVA is of a bilateral nature as both the credit risk on the counterparty as well as the credit risk on ING are included in the adjustment. All input data that is used in the determination of the CVA is based on market implied data. Additionally, wrong-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty is increasing and the credit quality of that counterparty deteriorates) and right-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty is increasing and the credit quality of that counterparty improves) are taken into account in the measurement of the valuation adjustment. ING applies an additional ‘Funding Valuation Adjustment’ (FVA) to the uncollateralised derivatives based on the market price of funding liquidity.

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions:

Even if market prices are available, when markets are less liquid there may be a range of prices for the same security from different price sources. Selecting the most appropriate price requires judgement and could result in different estimates of fair value.

Valuation techniques are subjective in nature and significant judgement is involved in establishing fair values for certain financial assets and liabilities. Valuation techniques involve various assumptions regarding pricing factors. The use of different valuation techniques and assumptions could produce significantly different estimates of fair value.

Price testing is performed to assess whether the process of valuation has led to an appropriate fair value of the position and to an appropriate reflection of these valuations in the statement of profit or loss. Price testing is performed to minimise the potential risks for economic losses due to incorrect or misused models.

Reference is made to Note 37 ‘Fair value of assets and liabilities’ and the section ‘Risk management – Market risk’, paragraph ‘Fair values of financial assets and liabilities’ for the basis of the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and related sensitivities.

Credit risk management classification and maximum credit risk exposure

Credit risk management disclosures are provided in the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ paragraph ‘Credit risk categories’.

The maximum credit risk exposure for items in the statement of financial position is generally the carrying value for the relevant financial assets. For the off-balance sheet items the maximum credit exposure is the maximum amount that could be required to be paid. Reference is made to Note 44 ‘Contingent liabilities and commitments’ for these off-balance sheet items. Collateral received is not taken into account when determining the maximum credit risk exposure.

The manner in which ING Group manages credit risk and determines credit risk exposures for that purpose is explained in the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ paragraph ‘Credit Risk Appetite and Concentration Risk Framework’.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently measured at fair value. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices in active markets, including recent market transactions and valuation techniques (such as discounted cash flow models and option pricing models), as appropriate. All derivatives are carried as assets when their fair value is positive and as liabilities when their fair value is negative.

Certain derivatives embedded in other contracts are measured as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contract, the host contract is not carried at fair value through profit or loss, and if a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss. An assessment is carried out when the Group first becomes party to the contract. A reassessment is carried out only when there is a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the expected cash flows.

The method of recognising the resulting fair value gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Group designates certain derivatives as hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or firm commitments (fair value hedge), hedges of highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognised asset or liability or a forecast transaction (cash flow hedge), or hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting is used for derivatives designated in this way provided certain criteria are met.

At the inception of the transaction ING Group documents the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, its risk management objective, together with the methods selected to assess hedge effectiveness. The Group also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items.

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in the statement of profit or loss, together with fair value adjustments to the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. If the hedge relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the cumulative adjustment of the hedged item is, in the case of interest bearing instruments, amortised through the statement of profit or loss over the remaining term of the original hedge or recognised directly when the hedged item is derecognised. For non-interest bearing instruments, the cumulative adjustment of the hedged item is recognised in the statement of profit or loss only when the hedged item is derecognised.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recognised in equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss. Amounts accumulated in equity are recycled to the statement of profit or loss in the periods in which the hedged item affects net result. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the statement of profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in equity is transferred immediately to the statement of profit or loss.

Net investment hedges

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for in a similar way to cash flow hedges. Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recognised in equity and the gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss. Gains and losses accumulated in equity are included in the statement of profit or loss when the foreign operation is disposed.

Non-trading derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting

Derivative instruments that are used by the Group as part of its risk management strategies, but which do not qualify for hedge accounting under ING Group’s accounting policies, are presented as non-trading derivatives. Non-trading derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in the fair value taken to the statement of profit or loss.

Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported, in the statement of financial position when the Group has a current legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to either settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Offsetting is applied to certain interest rate swaps for which the services of a central clearing house are used. Offsetting is also applied to certain clients subject to cash pooling arrangements where the intention to settle net is demonstrated via a physical transfer of cash balances into a single netting account on a period end basis.

Repurchase transactions and reverse repurchase transactions

Securities sold subject to repurchase agreements (repos) are retained in the consolidated financial statements. The counterparty liability is included in Deposits from banks, Customer deposits, or Trading, as appropriate.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repos) are not recognised in the statement of financial position. The consideration paid to purchase securities is recognised as Loans and advances to customers, Loans and advances to banks, or Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - Trading assets, as appropriate. The difference between the sale and repurchase price is treated as interest and amortised over the life of the agreement using the effective interest method.

Impairments of financial assets at amortised cost (loan loss provisions)

ING Group assesses periodically and at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, but before the balance sheet date, (a loss event) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. The following circumstances, among others, are considered objective evidence that a financial asset or group of assets is impaired:

• The borrower has sought or has been placed in bankruptcy or similar protection and this leads to the avoidance of or delays in repayment of the financial asset;

• The borrower has failed in the repayment of principal, interest, or fees and the payment failure has remained unsolved for a certain period;

• The borrower has demonstrated significant financial difficulty, to the extent that it will have a negative impact on the expected future cash flows of the financial asset;

• The credit obligation has been restructured for non-commercial reasons. ING Group has granted concessions, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, the effect of which is a reduction in the expected future cash flows of the financial asset; and

• Historical experience, updated for current events where necessary, provides evidence that a proportion of a group of assets is impaired although the related events that represent impairment triggers are not yet captured by the Group’s credit risk systems.

In certain circumstances ING grants borrowers postponement and/or reduction of loan principal and/or interest payments for a temporary period of time to maximise collection opportunities, and if possible, avoid default, foreclosure, or repossession. When such postponement and/or reduction of loan principal and/or interest payments is executed based on credit concerns it is also referred to as forbearance. In such cases, the net present value of the postponement and/or reduction of loan and/or interest payments is taken into account in the determination of the appropriate level of impairment loss as described below. If the forbearance results in a substantial modification of the terms of the loan, the original loan is derecognised and a new loan is recognised at its fair value at the modification date. The Group determines whether there has been a substantial modification using both quantitative and qualitative factors.

Losses expected as a result of future events, no matter how likely, are not recognised.

The Group first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment (a loss event/trigger) exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, and then individually or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. If the Group determines that no objective evidence of impairment (a loss event/trigger) exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment. Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is or continues to be recognised are not included in a collective assessment of impairment.

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on an asset carried at amortised cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account (Loan loss provision) and the amount of the loss is recognised in the statement of profit or loss under Addition to loan loss provision. If the asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined under the contract.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed by adjusting the provision. The amount of the reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

When a loan is uncollectable, it is written off against the related loan loss provision. Such loans are written off after all the necessary procedures have been completed and the amount of the loss has been determined. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Impairments on other debt instruments (Loans and held-to-maturity investments) are part of the loan loss provision as described above.

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions:

Considerable judgement is exercised in determining the extent of the loan loss provision (impairment) for financial assets assessed for impairment both individually and collectively. Judgement is exercised in management’s evaluation of whether there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on an asset has been incurred, the risk in the portfolio, current economic conditions, loss experience in recent years and credit, industry, geographical, and concentration trends. Changes in such judgements and analyses may lead to changes in the loan loss provisions over time.

ING Group estimates individual impairment provisions for individually significant financial assets that have objective evidence of impairment. The key judgement exercised in this area is determination of when an impairment event has occurred. Key assumptions in determining the amount of the individual provision are the expected future cash flows from the financial asset in question.

For the purposes of a collective evaluation of impairment, financial assets are grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics. Those characteristics are relevant to the estimation of future cash flows for groups of such assets by being indicative of the debtors’ ability to pay all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the assets being evaluated. The collective evaluation of impairment includes the application of a loss emergence period to default probabilities (also referred to as loss identification period). The loss emergence period is a concept which recognises that there is a period of time between the emergence of impairment triggers and the point in time at which those events are captured by the Group’s credit risk systems. Accordingly, the application of the loss emergence period ensures that impairments that are incurred but not yet identified are adequately reflected in the Group’s loan loss provision. Although the loss emergence periods are inherently uncertain, the Group applies estimates to sub-portfolios (e.g. large corporations, small and medium size enterprises, and retail portfolios) that reflect factors such as the frequency with which customers in the sub-portfolio disclose credit risk sensitive information and the frequency with which they are subject to review by the Group’s account managers. Generally, the frequency increases in relation to the size of the borrower. Loss emergence periods are based on historical experience and are validated, and revised where necessary, through regular back-testing to ensure that they reflect recent experience and current events.

Expected future cash flows in a portfolio of financial assets that are collectively evaluated for impairment, are estimated on the basis of the contractual cash flows of the assets in the portfolio and historical loss experience for assets with credit risk characteristics similar to those in the portfolio. Historical loss experience is adjusted on the basis of current observable data to reflect the effects of current conditions that did not affect the period on which the historical loss experience is based and to remove the effects of conditions in the historical period that do not exist currently. Current observable data may include changes in unemployment rates, property prices, and commodity prices. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates and actual loss experience.

Reference is made to Note 6 ‘Loans and advances to customers’ and the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ for further details.

Impairment of available for sale financial assets

At each balance sheet date, the Group assesses whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. In the specific case of equity investments classified as available-for-sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered in determining whether the assets are impaired. Significant and prolonged are interpreted on a case-by-case basis for specific equity securities; generally 25% and six months are used as triggers. If any objective evidence exists for available-for-sale debt and equity investments, the cumulative loss – measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in net result – is removed from equity and recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised on equity instruments can never be reversed. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in the statement of profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the statement of profit or loss.

Investments in associates and joint ventures

Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control. Significant influence is the ability to participate in the financial and operating policies of the investee. It generally results from a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights or through situations including, but not limited to one or more of the following:

• Representation on the board of directors;

• Participation in the policymaking process; and

• Interchange of managerial personnel.

Joint ventures are entities over which the Group has joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control over an arrangement or entity, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. Joint control means that no party to the agreement is able to act unilaterally to control the activity of the entity. The parties to the agreement must act together to control the entity and therefore exercise the joint control.

Investments in associates and joint ventures are initially recognised at cost and subsequently accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

The Group’s investment in associates and joint ventures (net of any accumulated impairment loss) includes goodwill identified on acquisition. The Group’s share of its associates and joint ventures post-acquisition profits or losses is recognised in the statement of profit or loss, and its share of post-acquisition changes in reserves is recognised in equity. The cumulative post-acquisition changes are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in the associate or joint venture, including any long-term interests in the associate like uncollateralised loans that are neither planned nor likely to be settled in the foreseeable future, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associates and joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates and joint ventures. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless they provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates and joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. The reporting dates of all significant associates and joint ventures are consistent with the reporting date of the Group.

Property and equipment

Property in own use

Land and buildings held for own use are stated at fair value at the balance sheet date. Increases in the carrying amount arising on revaluation of land and buildings held for own use are credited to the revaluation reserve in shareholders’ equity. Decreases in the carrying amount that offset previous increases of the same asset are charged against the revaluation reserve directly in equity; all other decreases are charged to the statement of profit or loss. Increases that reverse a revaluation decrease on the same asset previously recognised in net result are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Depreciation is recognised based on the fair value and the estimated useful life (in general 20–50 years). Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis. On disposal, the related revaluation reserve is transferred to retained earnings.

The fair values of land and buildings are based on regular appraisals done by independent qualified valuers or by internal valuers, similar to appraisals of real estate investments. Subsequent expenditure is included in the asset’s carrying amount when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Equipment

Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. The cost of the assets is depreciated on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are generally as follows: for data processing equipment two to five years, and four to ten years for fixtures and fittings. Expenditure incurred on maintenance and repairs is recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred. Expenditure incurred on major improvements is capitalised and depreciated.

Disposals

The difference between the proceeds on disposal and net carrying value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss under Other income.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the construction of any qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. Borrowing costs are determined at the weighted average cost of capital of the project.

Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is or contains a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at inception date.

ING Group as the lessee

The leases entered into by ING Group are primarily operating leases. The total payments made under operating leases are recognised in the statement of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

When an operating lease is terminated before the lease period has expired, any penalty payment to be made to the lessor is recognised as an expense in the period in which termination takes place.

ING Group as the lessor

When assets are held subject to a finance lease, the present value of the lease payments is recognised as a receivable under Loans and advances to customers or Loans and advances to banks. The difference between the gross receivable and the present value of the receivable is unearned lease finance income. Lease income is recognised over the term of the lease using the net investment method (before tax), which reflects a constant periodic rate of return. When assets are held subject to an operating lease, the assets are included under Assets under operating leases.

Assets under operating leases

Assets leased out under operating leases in which ING Group is the lessor are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. The cost of the assets is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible assets

Acquisitions and goodwill

ING Group’s acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The consideration for each acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values (at the date of exchange) of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued in exchange for control of the acquiree. Goodwill, being the difference between the cost of the acquisition (including assumed debt) and the Group’s interest in the fair value of the acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities as at the date of acquisition, is capitalised as an intangible asset. Goodwill is only capitalised on acquisitions. The results of the operations of the acquired companies are included in the statement of profit or loss from the date control is obtained.

Where applicable, the consideration for the acquisition includes any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value. Contingent consideration arrangements classified as an asset or a liability, are subsequently measured at fair value and the changes in fair value will be recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration classified as equity, are not recognised.

Where a business combination is achieved in stages, ING Group’s previously held interests in the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity are remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date ING Group obtains control) and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the statement of profit or loss, where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of. Acquisition related costs are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred and presented in the statement of profit or loss as Other operating expenses.

The initial accounting for the fair value of the net assets of the companies acquired during the year may be determined only provisionally as the determination of the fair value can be complex and the time between the acquisition and the preparation of the Financial statements can be limited. The initial accounting shall be completed within a year after acquisition. Adjustments to the fair value as at the date of acquisition of acquired assets and liabilities, that are identified within one year after acquisition are recognised as an adjustment to goodwill; any subsequent adjustment is recognised as income or expense. On disposal of group companies, the difference between the sale proceeds and carrying value (including goodwill) and the unrealised results (including the currency translation reserve in equity) is included in the statement of profit or loss.

Goodwill impairment

ING assesses at each reporting period, whether there is an indication that an intangible asset may be impaired. Irrespective of whether there is an indication of impairment, intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, including goodwill acquired in a business combination, and intangible assets not yet available for use, are tested annually for impairment. Goodwill is allocated to groups of CGUs (that is, the group of cash generating units or CGUs) for the purpose of impairment testing. These groups of CGUs represent the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. Goodwill is tested for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the group of CGUs to the recoverable amount of that group of CGUs. The carrying value is determined as the IFRS net asset value including goodwill. In compliance with IAS 36 ‘Impairment of assets’, the carrying value is determined on a basis that is consistent with the way in which the recoverable amount of the CGU is determined. When the carrying values need to be allocated between Retail and Wholesale solvency (risk-weighted assets) are used as a basis. The recoverable amount is estimated as the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Several methodologies are applied to arrive at the best estimate of the recoverable amount. Impairment of goodwill, if applicable, is included in the statement of profit or loss in Other operating expenses.

Computer software

Computer software that has been purchased or generated internally for own use is stated at cost less amortisation and any impairment losses. Amortisation is calculated on a straight-line basis over its useful life. This period will generally not exceed five years. Amortisation is included in Other operating expenses.

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets are capitalised and amortised over their expected economic life, which is generally between three and ten years. Intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortised.

Taxation

Income tax on the result for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit or loss but it is recognised directly in equity if the tax relates to items that are recognised directly in equity.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Deferred tax assets are recognised where it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The tax effects of income tax losses available for carry forward are recognised as an asset where it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which these losses can be utilised.

Fair value remeasurement of available-for-sale investments and cash flow hedges are recognised directly in equity. Deferred tax related to this fair value measurement is also recognised directly in equity and is subsequently recognised in the statement of profit or loss together with the deferred gain or loss.

Uncertain tax positions are assessed continually by ING Group and in case it is probable that there will be a cash outflow; a current tax liability is recognised.

Other assets

Investment property

Investment properties are recognised at fair value at the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying amount resulting from revaluations are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. On disposal, the difference between the sale proceeds and carrying value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Property obtained from foreclosures

Property obtained from foreclosures is stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price, less applicable variable selling expenses. Property obtained from foreclosures is included in Other assets - Property development and obtained from foreclosures.

Property development

Property developed and under development for which ING Group has the intention to sell the property after its completion is included in Other assets – Property development and obtained from foreclosures.

Property developed and under development for which ING Group has the intention to sell the property under development after its completion and where there is not yet a specifically negotiated contract is measured at direct construction cost incurred up to the balance sheet date, including borrowing costs incurred during construction and ING Group’s own directly attributable development and supervision expenses less any impairment losses. Profit is recognised using the completed contract method (on sale date of the property). Impairment is recognised if the estimated selling price, less applicable variable selling expenses is lower than carrying value.

Property under development for which ING Group has the intention to sell the property under development after its completion and where there is a specifically negotiated contract is valued using the percentage of completion method (pro rata profit recognition). The stage of completion is measured by reference to costs incurred to date as percentage of total estimated costs for each contract.

Property under development is stated at fair value (with changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss) if ING Group has the intention to recognise the property under development after completion as real estate investments.

Disposal groups held for sale and discontinued operations

Disposal groups (and groups of non-current assets) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This is only the case when the sale is highly probable and the disposal group (or group of assets) is available for immediate sale in its present condition; management must be committed to the sale, which is expected to occur within one year from the date of classification as held for sale.

Upon classification as held for sale, the carrying amount of the disposal group (or group of assets) is compared to its fair value less cost to sell. If the fair value less cost to sell is lower than the carrying value, this expected loss is recognised through a reduction of the carrying value of any goodwill related to the disposal group and the carrying value of certain other non-current non-financial assets. Any excess of the expected loss over the reduction of the carrying amount of these relevant assets is not recognised upon classification as held for sale, but is recognised as part of the result on disposal if and when a divestment transaction occurs.

When a group of assets that is classified as held for sale represents a major line of business or geographical area the disposal group is classified as discontinued operations. Upon classification of a business as held for sale and discontinued operations the individual income and expenses are presented within the Total net result from discontinued operations instead of being presented in the usual line items in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss. All comparative years in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss are restated and presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Furthermore, the individual assets and liabilities are presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position as Assets and liabilities held for sale and are no longer included in the usual line items in the Consolidated statement of financial position. Changes in assets and liabilities as a result of classification as held for sale are included in the notes in the line Changes in composition of the group and other changes.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is a present obligation arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits, however the timing or the amount is uncertain. Provisions are discounted when the effect of the time value of money is significant using a pre-tax discount rate.

Reorganisation provisions include employee termination benefits when the Group is demonstrably committed to either terminating the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without possibility of withdrawal, or providing termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.

A liability is recognised for a levy when the activity that triggers payment, as identified by the relevant legislation, occurs. For a levy that is triggered upon reaching a minimum threshold, the liability is recognised only upon reaching the specified minimum threshold.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of ING Group; or a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because it is either not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured reliably. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the statement of financial position, but are rather disclosed in the notes unless the possibility of the outflow of economic benefits is remote.

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of ING Group. Contingent assets are recognised in the statement of financial position only when realisation of the income that arises from such an asset is virtually certain. Contingent assets are disclosed in the notes when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions:

The recognition and measurement of provisions is an inherently uncertain process involving using judgement to determine when a present obligation exists and estimates regarding probability, amounts and timing of cash flows.

ING Group may become involved in legal proceedings. The degree of uncertainty and the method of making the accounting estimate depends on the individual case, its nature and complexity. Legal cases are usually one of a kind. Judgment is required to estimate the probability of an unfavourable outcome and the amount of potential loss. For the assessment of litigation provisions the Group consults with legal experts. Even taking into consideration legal experts’ advice, the probability of an outflow of economic benefits can still be uncertain and the amount provisioned can remain sensitive to the assumptions used which may have a broad range of outcomes. Reference is made to Note 14 ‘Provisions’. For legal proceedings where it is not possible to make a reliable estimate of the expected financial effect, that could result from the ultimate resolution of the proceedings, no provision is recognised, however disclosure is included in the financial statements. Reference is made to Note 45 ‘Legal proceedings’.

Key assumptions for the reorganisation provision are in estimating the amounts and timing of cash flows as the announced transformation initiatives are implemented over a period of several years. Reference is made to Note 14 ‘Provisions’.

Other liabilities

Defined benefit plans

The net defined benefit asset or liability recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the fair value of the plan assets less the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

Plan assets are measured at fair value at the balance sheet date. For determining the pension expense, the return on plan assets is determined using a high quality corporate bond rate identical to the discount rate used in determining the defined benefit obligation.

Changes in plan assets that effect Shareholders’ equity and/or Net result, include mainly:

• return on plan assets using a high quality corporate bond rate at the start of the reporting period which are recognised as staff costs in the statement of profit or loss; and

• remeasurements which are recognised in Other comprehensive income (equity).

The defined benefit obligation is calculated by internal and external actuaries through actuarial models and calculations using the projected unit credit method. This method considers expected future payments required to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods, discounted using a high quality corporate bond rate. Inherent in these actuarial models are assumptions including discount rates, rates of increase in future salary and benefit levels, mortality rates, trend rates in health care costs, consumer price index and the expected level of indexation. The assumptions are based on available market data as well as management expectations and are updated regularly. The actuarial assumptions may differ significantly from the actual results due to changes in market conditions, economic and mortality trends, and other assumptions. Any changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the defined benefit plan obligation and future pension costs.

Changes in the defined benefit obligation that effects Shareholders’ equity and/or Net result, include mainly:

• Service cost which are recognised as staff costs in the statement of profit or loss;

• Interest expenses using a high quality corporate bond rate at the start of the period which are recognised as staff costs in the Statement of profit or loss; and

• Remeasurements which are recognised in Other comprehensive income (equity).

Remeasurements recognised in other comprehensive income are not recycled to profit or loss. Any past service cost relating to a plan amendment is recognised in profit or loss in the period of the plan amendment. Gains and losses on curtailments and settlements are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

The recognition of a net defined benefit asset in the consolidated statement of financial position is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Defined contribution plans

For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as staff expenses in the profit or loss when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

Other post-employment obligations

Some group companies provide post-employment healthcare and other benefits to certain employees and former employees. The entitlement to these benefits is usually conditional on the employee remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the period of employment using an accounting methodology similar to that for defined benefit pension plans.

Income recognition

Interest

Interest income and expense are recognised in the statement of profit or loss using the effective interest method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or a financial liability and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment options) but does not consider future credit losses. The calculation includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and all other premiums or discounts. Once a financial asset or a group of similar financial assets has been written down as a result of an impairment loss, interest income is recognised using the rate of interest used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss.

All interest income and expenses from trading positions and non-trading derivatives are classified as interest income and interest expenses in the statement of profit or loss. Changes in the ‘clean fair value’ are included in Valuation results and net trading income.

Fees and commissions

Fees and commissions are generally recognised as the service is provided. Loan commitment fees for loans that are likely to be drawn down are deferred (together with related direct costs) and recognised as an adjustment to the effective interest rate on the loan. Loan syndication fees are recognised as income when the syndication has been completed and the Group has retained no part of the loan package for itself or has retained a part at the same effective interest rate as the other participants. Commission and fees arising from negotiating, or participating in the negotiation of, a transaction for a third party – such as the arrangement of the acquisition of shares or other securities or the purchase or sale of businesses – are recognised on completion of the underlying transaction. Portfolio and other management advisory and service fees are recognised based on the applicable service contracts as the service is provided. Asset management fees related to investment funds and investment contract fees are recognised on a pro-rata basis over the period the service is provided. The same principle is applied for wealth management, financial planning and custody services that are continuously provided over an extended period of time. Fees received and paid between banks for payment services are classified as commission income and expenses.

Lease income

The proceeds from leasing out assets under operating leases are recognised on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease agreement. Lease payments received in respect of finance leases when ING Group is the lessor are divided into an interest component (recognised as interest income) and a repayment component.

Expense recognition

Expenses are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred or when a decrease in future economic benefits related to a decrease in an asset or an increase in a liability has arisen that can be measured reliably.

Share-based payments

Share-based payment expenses are recognised as a staff expense over the vesting period. A corresponding increase in equity is recognised for equity-settled share-based payment transactions. A liability is recognised for cash-settled share-based payment transactions. The fair value of equity-settled share-based payment transactions are measured at the grant date, and the fair value of cash-settled share-based payment transactions are measured at each balance sheet date. Rights granted will remain valid until the expiry date, even if the share based payment scheme is discontinued. The rights are subject to certain conditions, including a pre-determined continuous period of service.

Earnings per ordinary share

Earnings per ordinary share is calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding. In calculating the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding:

• Own shares held by group companies are deducted from the total number of ordinary shares in issue;

• The computation is based on daily averages; and

• In case of exercised warrants, the exercise date is taken into consideration.

The non-voting equity securities are not ordinary shares, because their terms and conditions (especially with regard to coupons and voting rights) are significantly different. Therefore, the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period is not impacted by the non-voting equity securities.

Diluted earnings per share data are computed as if all convertible instruments outstanding at year-end were exercised at the beginning of the period. It is also assumed that ING Group uses the assumed proceeds thus received to buy its own shares against the average market price in the financial year. The net increase in the number of shares resulting from the exercise is added to the average number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share.

Share options with fixed or determinable terms are treated as options in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, even though they may be contingent on vesting. They are treated as outstanding on the grant date. Performance-based employee share options are treated as contingently issuable shares because their issue is contingent upon satisfying specified conditions in addition to the passage of time.

Statement of cash flows

The statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method, classifying cash flows as cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. In the net cash flow from operating activities, the result before tax is adjusted for those items in the statement of profit or loss and changes in items per the statement of financial position, which do not result in actual cash flows during the year.

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, Cash and cash equivalents comprise balances with less than three months’ maturity from the date of acquisition, including cash and balances with central banks, treasury bills and other eligible bills, amounts due from other banks, and deposits from banks. Investments qualify as a cash equivalent if they are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Cash flows arising from foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of the cash flows.

The net cash flow shown in respect of Loans and advances to customers relates only to transactions involving actual payments or receipts. The Addition to loan loss provision which is deducted from the item Loans and advances to customers in the statement of financial position has been adjusted accordingly from the result before tax and is shown separately in the statement of cash flows.

The difference between the net cash flow in accordance with the statement of cash flows and the change in Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position is due to exchange rate differences and is accounted for separately as part of the reconciliation of the net cash flow and the change in Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position.

Liabilities arising from financing activities are debt securities and subordinated loans.

XML

Cash and balances with central banks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Cash and balances with central banks

2 Cash and balances with central banks

Cash and balances with central banks
	2017		2016
Amounts held at central banks		19,687		16,408
Cash and bank balances		2,302		1,736
		21,989		18,144

In 2017, the movement in Cash and balances with central banks reflects ING’s liquidity management.

Amounts held at central banks reflect on demand balances.

Reference is made to Note 41 ‘Assets not freely disposable’ for restrictions on Cash balances with central banks.

XML

Loans and advances to banks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Loans and advances to banks

3 Loans and advances to banks

Loans and advances to banks
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Loans		7,899		10,381		20,916		18,483		28,815		28,864
Cash advances, overdrafts and other balances		1		3		3		2		4		5
		7,900		10,384		20,919		18,485		28,819		28,869
Loan loss provisions		–1				–7		–11		–8		–11
		7,899		10,384		20,912		18,474		28,811		28,858

Loans include balances (mainly short-term deposits) with central banks amounting to EUR 4,032 million (2016: EUR 2,880 million).

As at 31 December 2017, Loans include receivables related to securities in reverse repurchase transactions amounting to EUR 4,637 million (2016: EUR 2,992 million) and receivables related to finance lease contracts amounting to EUR 65 million (2016: EUR 88 million). Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions. Reference is made to Note 6 ‘Loans and advances to customers’ for information on finance lease receivables.

As at 31 December 2017, the non-subordinated receivables amount to EUR 28,768 million (2016: EUR 28,790 million) and the subordinated receivables amount to EUR 43 million (2016: EUR 68 million).

Reference is made to Note 41 ‘Assets not freely disposable’ for restrictions on Loans and advances to banks.

No individual loans and advances to banks has terms and conditions that significantly affect the amount, timing or certainty of consolidated cash flows of the Group. For details on significant concentrations, refer to the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ paragraph ‘Credit Risk Appetite and Concentration Risk Framework’.

XML

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

4 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
	2017		2016
Trading assets		116,748		114,504
Non-trading derivatives		2,231		2,490
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4,242		5,099
		123,221		122,093

Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions.

Trading assets

Trading assets by type
	2017		2016
Equity securities		13,666		9,513
Debt securities		7,477		9,863
Derivatives		27,444		38,231
Loans and receivables		68,161		56,897
		116,748		114,504

As at 31 December 2017, Trading assets include receivables of EUR 67,138 million (2016: EUR 56,020 million) with regard to reverse repurchase transactions.

Trading assets and Trading liabilities include assets and liabilities that are classified under IFRS as Trading but are closely related to servicing the needs of the clients of ING Group. ING offers institutional clients, corporate clients, and governments, products that are traded on the financial markets. A significant part of the derivatives in the trading portfolio are related to servicing corporate clients in their risk management to hedge for example currency or interest rate exposures. In addition, ING provides its customers access to equity and debt markets for issuing their own equity or debt securities (securities underwriting). Although these are presented as Trading under IFRS, these are directly related to services to ING’s customers. Loans and receivables in the trading portfolio mainly relate to (reverse) repurchase agreements, which are comparable to collateralised lending. These products are used by ING as part of its own regular treasury activities, but also relate to the role that ING plays as intermediary between different professional customers. From a risk perspective, the gross amount of trading assets must be considered together with the gross amount of trading liabilities, which are presented separately on the statement of financial position. However, IFRS does not allow netting of these positions in the statement of financial position. Reference is made to Note 13 ‘Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’ for information on trading liabilities.

Non-trading derivatives

Non-trading derivatives by type
	2017		2016
Derivatives used in
– fair value hedges		542		787
– cash flow hedges		617		438
– hedges of net investments in foreign operations		29		73
Other non-trading derivatives		1,043		1,192
		2,231		2,490

ING Group holds warrants for 35 million shares (2016: 35 million) and 7 million (2016: 26 million) shares in NN Group N.V. and Voya Financial Inc. respectively.

Other non-trading derivatives mainly includes interest rate swaps and foreign exchange currency swaps for which no hedge accounting is applied. As at 31 December 2017, Other non-trading derivatives includes EUR 51 million (2016: EUR 175 million ) and EUR 2 million (2016: EUR 19 million) related to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial Inc. and NN Group N.V. respectively. In 2017 ING sold warrants for 19 million of the shares in Voya Financial Inc. Reference is made to Note 21 ‘Valuation results and net trading income’.

Designated at fair value through profit or loss

Designated at fair value through profit or loss by type
	2017		2016
Equity securities		4		3
Debt securities		1,739		1,669
Loans and receivables		2,499		3,427
		4,242		5,099

Included in the Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss is a portfolio of loans and receivables which is economically hedged by credit derivatives. The hedges do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting and the loans are recorded at fair value to avoid an accounting mismatch. The maximum credit exposure of the loans and receivables included in Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss approximates its carrying value. The cumulative change in fair value of the loans attributable to changes in credit risk is not significant.

The notional value of the related credit derivatives is EUR 232 million (2016: EUR 260 million). The change in fair value of the credit derivatives attributable to changes in credit risk since the loans were first designated, amounts to EUR –6 million (2016: EUR –8 million) and the change for the current year amounts to EUR 2 million (2016: EUR 1 million).

The changes in fair value of the (designated) loans attributable to changes in credit risk have been calculated by determining the changes in credit spread implicit in the fair value of bonds issued by entities with similar credit characteristics.

As at 31 December 2017, Loans and receivables designated at fair value through profit or loss includes EUR 2,095 million (2016: EUR 3,001 million) with regard to reverse repurchase transactions.

XML

Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Investments

5 Investments

Investments by type
	2017		2016
Available-for-sale
– equity securities - shares in third party managed structured entities		168		170
– equity securities - other		3,815		3,854
		3,983		4,024
– debt securities		65,747		78,888
		69,730		82,912
Held-to-maturity
– debt securities		9,343		8,751
		9,343		8,751
		79,073		91,663

Exposure to equity securities

Available-for-sale equity securities - Listed and Unlisted
	2017		2016
Listed		3,518		3,539
Unlisted		465		485
		3,983		4,024

Listed equity securities are primarily made up of Bank of Beijing and Mahindra Kotak Bank.

Exposure to debt securities

ING Group’s exposure to debt securities is included in the following lines in the statement of financial position:

Debt securities
	2017		2016
Available-for-sale investments		65,747		78,888
Held-to-maturity investments		9,343		8,751
Loans and advances to customers		5,099		7,471
Loans and advances to banks		265		952
Available-for-sale investments and Assets at amortised cost		80,454		96,062
Trading assets		7,477		9,863
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss		1,739		1,669
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		9,216		11,532
		89,670		107,594

ING Group’s total exposure to debt securities included in available-for-sale investments and assets at amortised cost of EUR 80,454 million (2016: EUR 96,062 million) is specified as follows by type of exposure:

Debt securities by type and line items per the statement of financial position - Available-for-sale investments and Assets at amortised cost
	Available-for-sale investments				Held-to-maturity investments				Loans and advances to customers				Loans and advances to banks				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Government bonds		34,844		41,985		7,462		6,688		828		858						43,134		49,531
Sub-sovereign, Supranationals and Agencies		17,215		20,484		1,255		1,613		245		267						18,715		22,364
Covered bonds		8,737		11,297		100		100		418		1,820		154		882		9,409		14,099
Corporate bonds		1,284		1,345						970		791						2,254		2,136
Financial institutions’ bonds		1,701		2,020		311				429		351		107		70		2,548		2,441
ABS portfolio		1,966		1,757		215		350		2,209		3,384		4				4,394		5,491
Bond portfolio		65,747		78,888		9,343		8,751		5,099		7,471		265		952		80,454		96,062

Sub-sovereign Supranationals and Agencies (SSA) comprise amongst others, multilateral development banks, regional governments, local authorities, and US agencies. Under certain conditions, SSA bonds may qualify as Level 1 High Quality Liquid Assets for the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR).

99% (2016: 97%) of the exposure in the ABS portfolio is externally rated AAA up to and including A-.

There are no borrowed debt securities recognised in the statement of financial position.

Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions.

Changes in available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments

Changes in available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments
	Available-for-sale equity securities				Available-for-sale debt securities				Held-to-maturity				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		4,024		4,434		78,888		82,566		8,751		7,826		91,663		94,826
Additions		325		80		21,276		27,073		3,609		1,731		25,210		28,884
Amortisation						–146		–144		–46		–87		–192		–231
Transfers and reclassifications		7		–92										7		–92
Changes in unrealised revaluations1		21		363		–1,030		–102		–64		–70		–1,073		191
Impairments		–6		–13										–6		–13
Reversal of impairments						3								3
Disposals and redemptions		–79		–682		–32,709		–30,483		–2,675		–630		–35,463		–31,795
Exchange rate differences		–308		–72		–535		–16		–232		–19		–1,075		–107
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		–1		6				–6						–1
Closing balance		3,983		4,024		65,747		78,888		9,343		8,751		79,073		91,663

1 Changes in unrealised revaluations include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss

In 2017 available-for-sale debt securities decreased by EUR 13 billion and is mainly related to lower positions in Government bonds, Subsovereign Supranationals and Agencies, and covered bonds.

In 2017 ING participated in the private placement by Bank of Beijing (BoB). ING participated in the offering for an aggregate amount of around EUR 240 million representing 265 million shares.

In October 2016 ING sold 2.5% of Kotak Mahindra Bank shares representing a carrying value of EUR 456 million.

Reference is made to Note 22 ‘Investment income’ for details on Impairments.

XML

Loans and advances to customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Loans and advances to customers

6 Loans and advances to customers

Loans and advances to customers by type
	Netherlands1				International1				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities		26,975		27,746		19,397		18,634		46,372		46,380
Loans secured by mortgages		119,457		124,001		204,502		194,706		323,959		318,707
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions		257		201		1,722		944		1,979		1,145
Personal lending		3,162		3,236		20,074		18,722		23,236		21,958
Asset backed securities						2,209		3,380		2,209		3,380
Corporate loans		38,208		39,670		140,461		134,092		178,669		173,762
		188,059		194,854		388,365		370,478		576,424		565,332
Loan loss provisions		–1,693		–2,349		–2,822		–2,829		–4,515		–5,178
		186,366		192,505		385,543		367,649		571,909		560,154

1 In 2017, Loans and advances to customers by type as at 31 December 2016 have been restated to conform to current year presentation.

As at 31 December 2017, Loans and advances to customers includes receivables with regard to securities which have been acquired in reverse repurchase transactions amounting to EUR 421 million (2016: EUR 47 million).

Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions.

Loans and advances to customers by subordination
	2017		2016
Non-subordinated		571,429		558,857
Subordinated		480		1,297
		571,909		560,154

No individual loan or advance has terms and conditions that significantly affect the amount, timing or certainty of the consolidated cash flows of the Group. For details on significant concentrations, refer to the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ paragraph ‘Credit Risk Appetite and Concentration Risk Framework’.

Loans and advances to customers and Loans and advances to banks include finance lease receivables and are detailed as follows:

Finance lease receivables
	2017		2016
Maturities of gross investment in finance lease receivables
– within 1 year		2,729		2,492
– more than 1 year but less than 5 years		6,215		6,282
– more than 5 years		2,897		3,114
		11,841		11,888
Unearned future finance income on finance leases		–1,082		–1,254
Net investment in finance leases		10,759		10,634
Maturities of net investment in finance lease receivables
– within 1 year		2,474		2,210
– more than 1 year but less than 5 years		5,652		5,635
– more than 5 years		2,633		2,789
		10,759		10,634
Included in Loans and advances to banks		65		88
Included in Loans and advances to customers		10,694		10,546
		10,759		10,634

An allowance for uncollectable finance lease receivables of EUR 337 million as at 31 December 2017 (2016: EUR 282 million) is included in the loan loss provision.

No individual finance lease receivable has terms and conditions that significantly affect the amount, timing or certainty of the consolidated cash flows of the Group.

Loan loss provisions by type
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities						3		7		3		7
Loans secured by mortgages		347		550		526		638		873		1,188
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions		2		2		7		12		9		14
Personal lending		118		122		746		620		864		742
Asset backed securities						9		2		9		2
Corporate loans and Credit Facilities		1,268		1,738		1,602		1,617		2,870		3,355
		1,735		2,412		2,893		2,896		4,628		5,308
The closing balance is included in
– Loans and advances to banks		1				7		11		8		11
– Loans and advances to customers		1,693		2,349		2,822		2,829		4,515		5,178
– Other provisions other		41		63		64		56		105		119
		1,735		2,412		2,893		2,896		4,628		5,308

Changes in loan loss provisions
	2017		2016
Opening balance		5,308		5,786
Write-offs		–1,279		–1,494
Recoveries		59		94
Increase in loan loss provisions		676		974
Exchange rate differences		–136		–55
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes				3
Closing balance		4,628		5,308

Movement in loan loss provisions is presented as Addition to loan loss provisions in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss.

XML

Investments in associates and joint ventures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Investments in associates and joint ventures

7 Investments in associates and joint ventures

Investments in associates and joint ventures
2017	Interest held (%)		Fair value of listed investment		Balance sheet value		Total assets		Total liabilities		Total income		Total expenses
TMB Public Company Limited		30		1,006		877		21,251		19,004		711		507
Other investments in associates and joint ventures						211
						1,088

Investments in associates and joint ventures
2016	Interest held (%)		Fair value of listed investment		Balance sheet value		Total assets		Total liabilities		Total income		Total expenses
TMB Public Company Limited		30		729		861		21,439		19,275		685		489
Other investments in associates and joint ventures						280
						1,141

TMB Public Company Limited (TMB) is an associate in which ING Group holds a 30% ownership interest. TMB is a financial institution providing products and services to Wholesale, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) and Retail customers. TMB is domiciled in Bangkok, Thailand and is listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET).

Other investments in associates and joint ventures are mainly investment property funds or vehicles operating predominantly in Europe.

ING Group does not hold any interests in Investments in Associates and joint ventures that are individually significant to ING Group. Other investments in associates and joint ventures represents a large number of associates and joint ventures with an individual statement of financial position value of less than EUR 50 million.

Significant influence for associates in which the interest held is below 20%, is based on the combination on ING Group’s financial interest and other arrangements, such as participation in the Board of Directors.

The reporting dates of certain associates and joint ventures can differ from the reporting date of the Group, but by no more than three months.

Accumulated impairments of EUR 33 million (2016: EUR 48 million) have been recognised. The values presented in the tables above could differ from the values presented in the individual financial statements of the associates and joint ventures, due to the fact that the individual values have been brought in line with ING Group’s accounting principles. Where the listed fair value is lower than the statement of financial position value, an impairment review and an evaluation of the going concern basis has been performed.

The associates and joint ventures of ING are subject to legal and regulatory restrictions regarding the amount of dividends it can pay to ING. These restrictions are for example dependant on the laws in the country of incorporation for declaring dividends or as a result of minimum capital requirements that are imposed by industry regulators in the countries in which the associates and joint ventures operate. In addition, the associates and joint ventures also consider other factors in determining the appropriate levels of equity needed. These factors and limitations include, but are not limited to, rating agency and regulatory views, which can change over time.

Changes in Investments in associates and joint ventures
	2017		2016
Opening balance		1,141		962
Additions		79		49
Transfers to and from Investments/Other assets and liabilities		–1		75
Revaluations		–8		38
Share of results		178		91
Dividends received		–32		–37
Disposals		–245		–54
Impairments				–3
Exchange rate differences		–24		20
Closing balance		1,088		1,141

In 2017, Transfers to and from Investments/Other assets and liabilities of EUR –1 million (2016: 75 million) included EUR 5 million reclassification from Available-for-sale equity securities to associates (2016: EUR 82 million) and EUR –6 million reclassification from/to other assets and other liabilities (2016: EUR –7 million).

In 2017, Revaluations as presented in the table above of EUR –8 million relates to several smaller revaluations. In 2016 revaluations of EUR 38 million includes EUR 54 million relating to TMB, EUR 17 million relating to Equens SE, and EUR –31 million due to other revaluations.

In 2017, Share of results from associates and joint ventures of EUR 178 million as presented in the statement of profit or loss and the table above, is mainly attributable to results of TMB, EUR 67 million and a gain of EUR 97 million on the sale of shares in Appia Group Ltd UK.

In 2016, Share of results from associates and joint ventures of EUR 88 million as presented in the statement of profit or loss, includes:

• Share of results, as presented in the table above of EUR 91 million mainly attributable to results of TMB amounting to EUR 68 million and a gain of EUR 21 million on disposal of shares held in VISA Europe Limited; and

• Impairments of investments in associates and joint ventures of EUR –3 million.

In 2017, Disposals of EUR 245 million is mainly attributable to the sale of Appia Group Ltd UK of EUR 146 million and several other smaller divestments in associates. In 2016, Disposals of EUR 54 million is mainly attributable to the sale of Enterprise Center of EUR 40 million and capital repayment CBRE Asia Value Fund of EUR 10 million.

XML

Property and equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Property and equipment

8 Property and equipment

Property and equipment by type
	2017		2016
Property in own use		774		881
Equipment		917		1,015
Assets under operating leases		110		106
		1,801		2,002

ING uses external valuers to value property in own use. All properties are typically appraised by external valuers once every five years.

Changes in property in own use
	2017		2016
Opening balance		881		982
Additions		5		9
Reclassifications
- Transfers to and from Investment properties				8
		–		8
Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year
- Depreciation		–13		–15
- Impairments		–8		–64
- Reversal of impairments		24		5
		3		–74
Revaluations recognised in equity during the year		42		11
Disposals		–145		–38
Exchange rate differences		–12		–17
Closing balance		774		881
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		1,324		1,656
Accumulated depreciation as at 31 December		–376		–504
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December		–174		–271
Net carrying value as at 31 December		774		881
Revaluation surplus
Opening balance		256		273
Revaluation in the year		23		–17
Closing balance		279		256

The cost or the purchase price amounted to EUR 1,044 million (2016: EUR 1,400 million). Cost or the purchase price less accumulated depreciation and impairments would have been EUR 495 million (2016: EUR 625 million) had property in own use been valued at cost instead of at fair value.

In 2017, disposals of EUR –145 million is mainly attributable to the sale of office buildings in Belgium.

Changes in equipment
	Data processing equipment				Fixtures and fittings and other equipment				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		323		263		692		708		1,015		971
Additions		129		161		130		181		259		342
Disposals		–1		–5		–12		–20		–13		–25
Depreciation		–133		–137		–174		–178		–307		–315
Impairments						–2				–2
Exchange rate differences		–8		–5		–5		–5		–13		–10
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		–19		46		–3		6		–22		52
Closing balance		291		323		626		692		917		1,015
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		1,275		1,274		2,249		2,432		3,524		3,706
Accumulated depreciation as at 31 December		–983		–950		–1,623		–1,740		–2,606		–2,690
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December		–1		–1						–1		–1
Net carrying value as at 31 December		291		323		626		692		917		1,015

XML

Intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Intangible assets

9 Intangible assets

Changes in intangible assets
	Goodwill				Software				Other				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		903		985		571		567		10		15		1,484		1,567
Additions						72		93						72		93
Capitalised expenses						192		195						192		195
Amortisation						–173		–182		–6		–5		–179		–187
Impairments						–30		–45						–30		–45
Exchange rate differences		–87		–82				–1						–87		–83
Disposals						–9		–9						–9		–9
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes						25		–47		1				26		–47
Closing balance		816		903		648		571		5		10		1,469		1,484
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		816		903		1,902		1,756		30		29		2,748		2,688
Accumulated amortisation as at 31 December						–1,225		–1,147		–23		–17		–1,248		–1,164
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December						–29		–38		–2		–2		–31		–40
Net carrying value as at 31 December		816		903		648		571		5		10		1,469		1,484

Goodwill

Goodwill is allocated to groups of cash generating units (CGUs) as follows:

Goodwill allocation to group of CGUs
	Method used for recoverable amount		Discount rate			Long term growth rate			Goodwill		Goodwill
Group of CGU’s									2017		2016
Retail Belgium		Values in use		8.95	%		1.30	%		50		50
Retail Germany		Values in use		8.10	%		1.30	%		349		349
Retail Growth Markets1,		Fair value less cost of disposal		–			–			307		375
Wholesale Banking1		Values in use		9.54	%		2.12	%		110		129
										816		903

1 Goodwill related to Growth Countries is allocated across two groups of CGUs EUR 307 million to Retail Growth Markets and EUR 90 million to Wholesale Banking (2016: EUR 375 million to Retail Growth Markets and EUR 109 million to Wholesale Banking). The fair value less cost of disposal is based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs.

No goodwill impairment was recognised in 2017 (2016: nil). Changes in the goodwill per group of CGUs in 2017 is due to changes in currency exchange rates.

Methodology

Several methodologies are applied to arrive at the best estimate of the recoverable amount. In line with IFRS, the recoverable amount is determined as the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and Value in Use (VIU). Fair value less costs of disposal is based on observable share prices (Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy), observable Price-to-Book multiples of relevant peer banks (Level 2), or based on a discounted free cash flow model (Level 3). The VIU calculation is based on a Dividend Discount model using five year management approved plans. When estimating the VIU of a CGU, local conditions and requirements determine the capital requirements, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. These local conditions and requirements determine the ability to upstream excess capital and profits to ING Group. The discount rate calculation includes other inputs such as equity market premium, country risk premium, and long term inflation which are based on market sources and management’s judgement. The long term growth rate for EU-countries is based on long-term risk-free rate by reference to the yield of a composite index consisting of Euro generic government bonds, with a maturity of 30 years. For other countries, the growth rate includes long term inflation rate obtained from market sources.

The recoverable amount exceeds the carrying value of the CGUs for 2017 and 2016 and therefore no impairment is required.

Sensitivity of key assumptions

Key assumptions in the goodwill impairment test model are the Price-to-Book ratios, level 1 inputs (e.g. share price of a listed subsidiary), and the local parameters for CET1, discount rate, and long term growth rates. The model was tested for sensitivity by changing the key parameters in the model to more conservative values. The sensitivity analysis did not trigger additional impairment considerations.

Software

Software, includes internally developed software amounting to EUR 477 million (2016: EUR 395 million).

XML

Other assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Other assets

10 Other assets

Other assets by type
	2017		2016
Net defined benefit assets		542		609
Investment properties		65		65
Property development and obtained from foreclosures		137		184
Accrued interest and rents		4,528		5,588
Other accrued assets		753		884
Amounts to be settled		4,097		4,815
Other		2,965		2,577
		13,087		14,722

Disclosures in respect of Net defined benefit assets are provided in Note 35 ‘Pension and other post-employment benefits’.

Property development and obtained from foreclosures

Property development and obtained from foreclosures
	2017		2016
Property developed		63		109
Property obtained from foreclosures		74		75
		137		184
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		417		469
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December		–280		–285
Net carrying value		137		184

The total amount of borrowing costs relating to Property development and obtained from foreclosures, capitalised in 2017 is nil (2016: nil).

Accrued interest and rents

As at 31 December 2017, the line item includes accrued interest of EUR 1,375 million (2016: EUR 1,939 million) on trading derivative assets and EUR 2,505 million (2016: EUR 2,773 million) on loans and available-for-sale bonds. Accrued interest on trading derivative assets should be considered together with accrued interest on trading derivative liabilities as included in Other liabilities. Reference is made to Note 15 ‘Other liabilities’. The remainder of the balance relates mainly to accrued interest on cash flow hedges, fair value hedges and other non-trading derivatives.

Amounts to be settled

Amounts to be settled are primarily transactions not settled at the balance sheet date. They are short term in nature and are expected to settle shortly after the balance sheet date. The decrease in 2017 is attributable to lower market activity compared to prior year end.

Other

Other assets - Other relates mainly to other receivables in the normal course of business. For 2017, this includes a receivable at the Dutch level (from NN Group) regarding tax due by ING Australia Holdings Ltd related to the years 2007-2013, for which a full reimbursement is expected to be received from NN Group. In 3Q 2017 a receivable was booked for the tax amount of EUR 121 million. In 4Q 2017 a cash payment was received and reduced this amount due from NN Group to EUR 70 million.

XML

Deposits from banks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Deposits from banks

11 Deposits from banks

Deposits from banks include non-subordinated debt from banks, except for amounts in the form of debt securities.

Deposits from banks by type
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Non-interest bearing		181				363		449		544		449
Interest bearing		17,230		13,778		19,047		17,737		36,277		31,515
		17,411		13,778		19,410		18,186		36,821		31,964

In 2016, ING participated in the new targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTRO II) with EUR 10.7 billion. In 2017, ING participated in the targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTRO II) with an additional EUR 7 billion.

The TLTRO aims to stimulate lending to the real economy in the Eurozone. The interest rate on the TLTRO’s is fixed over the life of each operation at the benchmark rate of the European Central Bank.

Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions.

XML

Customer deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Customer deposits

12 Customer deposits

Customer deposits
	2017		2016
Savings accounts		319,688		315,663
Credit balances on customer accounts		186,316		173,230
Corporate deposits		32,602		32,687
Other		1,222		1,328
		539,828		522,908

Customer deposits by type
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Non-interest bearing		15,910		13,536		21,688		16,911		37,598		30,447
Interest bearing		151,302		151,446		350,928		341,015		502,230		492,461
		167,212		164,982		372,616		357,926		539,828		522,908

Savings accounts relate to the balances on savings accounts, savings books, savings deposits, and time deposits of personal customers. The interest payable on savings accounts, which is contractually added to the accounts, is also included.

Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions.

XML

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

13 Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
	2017		2016
Trading liabilities		73,596		83,167
Non-trading derivatives		2,331		3,541
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		11,215		12,266
		87,142		98,974

Trading liabilities

Trading liabilities by type
	2017		2016
Equity securities		601		1,975
Debt securities		5,126		4,146
Funds on deposit		41,956		37,753
Derivatives		25,913		39,293
		73,596		83,167

Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’ for information on securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions.

Non-trading derivatives

Non-trading derivatives by type
	2017		2016
Derivatives used in:
– fair value hedges		317		672
– cash flow hedges		339		671
– hedges of net investments in foreign operations		71		33
Other non-trading derivatives		1,604		2,165
		2,331		3,541

Other non-trading derivatives mainly includes interest rate swaps and foreign currency swaps for which no hedge accounting is applied.

Designated as at fair value through profit or loss

Designated as at fair value through profit or loss by type
	2017		2016
Debt securities		8,985		10,736
Funds entrusted		1,691		969
Subordinated liabilities		539		561
		11,215		12,266

In 2017, the change in the fair value of financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss attributable to changes in credit risk is EUR 78 million (2016: EUR 50 million) and EUR 248 million (2016: EUR 170 million) on a cumulative basis. This change has been determined as the amount of change in fair value of the financial liability that is not attributable to changes in market conditions that gave rise to market risk (i.e. mainly interest rate risk based on yield curves).

The amount that ING Group is contractually required to pay at maturity to the holders of financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss is EUR 10,742 million (2016: EUR 11,720 million).

XML

Provisions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Provisions

14 Provisions

Provisions by type
	2017		2016
Reorganisation provisions		1,097		1,482
Other provisions		616		546
		1,713		2,028

Reorganisation provisions

Changes in reorganisation provisions
	2017		2016
Opening balance		1,482		670
Additions		53		1,202
Unused amounts reversed		–58		–13
Utilised		–369		–365
Exchange rate differences		–1		–5
Other changes		–10		–7
Closing balance		1,097		1,482

ING Group recognised an additional reorganisation provision of EUR 1,032 million in 2016, for the intended workforce reductions per the intended digital transformation programmes. The intended initiatives are expected to result in a reduction of ING’s workforce mainly in Belgium and the Netherlands during 2016 to 2021.

In 2017, changes in the reorganisation provisions was mainly attributable to existing initiatives following the intended digital transformation programmes of ING Bank.

These initiatives are implemented over a period of several years and the estimate of the reorganisation provisions is inherently uncertain. The provision at the balance sheet date represents the best estimate of the expected redundancy costs and are expected to be sufficient to cover these costs.

Other provisions

Changes in other provisions
	Litigation				Other				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		353		187		193		107		546		294
Additions		186		235		135		120		321		355
Unused amounts reversed		–90		–46		–73		–6		–163		–52
Utilised		–82		–28		–23		–19		–105		–47
Exchange rate differences		–3		–1		–8		–1		–11		–2
Other changes		1		6		27		–8		28		–2
Closing balance		365		353		251		193		616		546

In 2017, Other provisions – other includes a provision related to Letters of Credit/Guarantees of EUR 104 million. As at 31 December 2017, amounts expected to be settled within twelve months, amount to EUR 448 million. The amounts included in Other provisions are based on best estimates with regard to amounts and timing of cash flows required to settle the obligation.

Included in Other provisions – Litigation in 2017 and 2016, is a provision related to floating interest rate derivatives that were sold in the Netherlands. Also included in this line in 2017, is a provision recognised for reimbursement of expenses associated to the formalization of mortgages at ING Spain and a provision recognised for a discontinued business in ING Luxembourg. Reference is made to Note 26 ‘Other operating expenses’ and Note 45 ‘Legal proceedings’.

XML

Other liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Other liabilities

15 Other liabilities

Other liabilities by type
	2017		2016
Net defined benefit liability		476		521
Other post-employment benefits		87		87
Other staff-related liabilities		504		498
Other taxation and social security contributions		479		495
Accrued interest		3,606		4,394
Costs payable		2,599		2,242
Share-based payment plan liabilities		23		26
Amounts to be settled		5,017		6,391
Other		3,273		2,198
		16,064		16,852

Disclosures in respect of Net defined benefit liabilities are provided in Note 35 ‘Pension and other post-employment benefits’.

Other staff-related liabilities

Other staff-related liabilities includes vacation leave provisions, variable compensation provisions, jubilee provisions, and disability/illness provisions.

Amounts to be settled

Amounts to be settled decreased compared to 31 December 2017 as a result of lower market activity.

Other

Other liabilities – Other relates mainly to year-end accruals.

XML

Debt securities in issue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Debt securities in issue

16 Debt securities in issue

Debt securities in issue relate to debentures and other issued debt securities with either fixed interest rates or interest rates based on floating interest rate levels, such as certificates of deposit and accepted bills issued by ING Group, except for subordinated items. Debt securities in issue do not include debt securities presented as Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. ING Group does not have debt securities that are issued on terms other than those available in the normal course of business. The maturities of the debt securities are as follows:

Debt securities in issue – maturities
	2017		2016
Fixed rate debt securities
Within 1 year		29,296		27,208
More than 1 year but less than 2 years		7,084		12,151
More than 2 years but less than 3 years		7,629		7,365
More than 3 years but less than 4 years		8,369		7,893
More than 4 years but less than 5 years		5,411		8,674
More than 5 years		9,159		14,716
Total fixed rate debt securities		66,948		78,007
Floating rate debt securities
Within 1 year		15,091		13,278
More than 1 year but less than 2 years		3,932		2,724
More than 2 years but less than 3 years		1,341		4,168
More than 3 years but less than 4 years		278		793
More than 4 years but less than 5 years		3,673		320
More than 5 years		4,823		3,944
Total floating rate debt securities		29,138		25,227
Total debt securities		96,086		103,234

In 2017, the decrease in Debt securities in issue of EUR 7.1 billion is mainly attributable to a decrease in long term maturity bonds of EUR 5.9 billion, a decrease of EUR 3.8 billion in certificates of deposit, decrease of EUR 2.8 billion in covered bonds, and, decrease in other debt securities in issue EUR 0.9 billion, partially offset by an increase in commercial paper of EUR 6.3 billion.

As at 31 December 2017, ING Group has unused lines of credit available including the payment of commercial paper borrowings relating to debt securities in issue of EUR 5,750 million (2016: EUR 12,015 million).

XML

Subordinated loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Subordinated loans

17 Subordinated loans

Subordinated loans by group companies
	2017		2016
ING Groep N.V.		8,253		7,203
ING Group companies		7,715		10,020
		15,968		17,223

Subordinated loans issued by ING Groep N.V. to raise Tier 1 capital for ING Bank N.V. Under IFRS these bonds are classified as liabilities and for regulatory purposes, they are considered capital. Subordinated loans issued by ING Group companies comprise, for the most part, subordinated loans which are subordinated to all current and future liabilities of ING Bank N.V.

Changes in subordinated loans
	2017		2016
Opening balance		17,223		16,411
New issuances		2,331		2,070
Repayments		–2,343		–1,252
Exchange rate differences and other		–1,243		–6
Closing balance		15,968		17,223

In February 2017, ING Groep N.V. issued EUR 750 million securities that qualify as subordinated CRD IV Tier 2 notes with coupon of 2.50% until 24 February 2024. In September 2017, ING Groep N.V. issued EUR 1,000 million securities that qualify as subordinated CRD IV Tier 2 notes with coupon of 1.625% until 26 September 2024. In April 2017 ING Groep N.V. issued EUR 1,000 million subordinated CRD IV Tier 2 securities replacing EUR 1,000 million subordinated Tier 2 securities issued by ING Bank N.V. In 2017 ING Groep N.V. issued other private placements with total notional amounts of JPN 22,000 million and USD 260 million.

In March, and October 2017 respectively, ING Groep N.V. redeemed the USD 1,100 million 7.20% perpetual and the USD 500 million 6.2% Perpetual Debt Securities. In September 2017 ING redeemed the USD 522 million Additional Tier 1 instrument issued by ING Capital Funding Trust III.

The average interest rate on subordinated loans is 4.73% (2016: 4.94%). The interest expense during the year 2017 was EUR 784 million (2016: EUR 816 million).

XML

Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Equity

18 Equity

Total equity
	2017		2016		2015
Share capital and share premium
– Share capital		39		39		928
– Share premium		17,006		16,950		16,054
		17,045		16,989		16,982
Other reserves
– Revaluation reserve: Available-for-sale and other		3,447		3,830		3,896
– Revaluation reserve: Cash flow hedge		263		777		666
– Revaluation reserve: Property in own use		203		204		326
– Net defined benefit asset/liability remeasurement reserve		–400		–371		–306
– Currency translation reserve		–1,663		–770		–538
– Share of associates and joint ventures and other		2,527		2,235		1,733
– Treasury shares		–15		–8		–18
		4,362		5,897		5,759
Retained earnings		27,022		24,371		22,231
Shareholders’ equity (parent)		48,429		47,257		44,972
Non-controlling interests		715		606		638
Total equity		49,144		47,863		45,610

Share capital and share premium

Share capital

Share capital
	Ordinary shares (par value EUR 0.01)
	Number x 1,000						Amount
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Authorised share capital		14,729,000		14,729,000		14,500,000		147		147		3,480
Unissued share capital		10,843,210		10,850,516		10,629,817		108		108		2,552
Issued share capital		3,885,790		3,878,484		3,870,183		39		39		928

Changes in issued share capital
	Ordinary shares (par value EUR 0.01)
	Number x 1,000		Amount
Issued share capital as at 1 January 2015		3,858,862		925
Issue of shares		11,321		3
Issued share capital as at 31 December 2015		3,870,183		928
Issue of shares		8,301		2
Transfer to share premium				–891
Issued share capital as at 31 December 2016		3,878,484		39
Issue of shares		7,306
Issued share capital as at 31 December 2017		3,885,790		39

In 2017, ING Groep N.V. issued 7.3 million ordinary shares (2016: 8.3 million depositary receipts for ordinary shares, converted into ordinary shares per 26 July 2016 and 2015: 11.3 million: depositary receipts for ordinary shares). These issues were made in order to fund obligations arising from share-based employee incentive programmes.

During the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, in 2016, it was decided to reduce the par value per ordinary share from EUR 0.24 (2015) to EUR 0.01. As a result of this, EUR 891 million is attributed to the Share premium. For further information, reference is made to the section ‘Depository receipts for ordinary shares’, below.

In 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively, ING Groep N.V. issued nil, USD 1,000 million and USD 2,250 million Perpetual Additional Tier 1 Contingent Convertible Capital Securities which can, in accordance with their terms and conditions, convert by operation of law into ordinary shares if the conditions to such conversion are fulfilled. As a result of this conversion, the issued share capital can increase by no more than 111 million and 250 million ordinary shares, respectively. Reference is made to Note 17 ‘Subordinated loans’.

Ordinary shares

All ordinary shares are in registered form. No share certificates have been issued. Ordinary shares may be transferred by means of a deed of transfer. A transfer of ordinary shares requires written acknowledgement by ING Groep N.V. Ordinary shares are listed on various stock exchanges. The par value of ordinary shares is EUR 0.01 as of 26 July 2016, the date of amendment of the Articles of Association of ING Groep N.V. (2015: EUR 0.24). The authorised ordinary share capital of ING Groep N.V. currently consists of 14,729 million ordinary shares. As at 31 December 2017, 3,886 million ordinary shares were issued and fully paid.

Depositary receipts for ordinary shares

In 2016, ING Group proposed to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to amend the Articles of Association, which included the abolishment of the depositary receipt structure via Stichting Aandelen (ING Trust Office).

Following the adoption of the amendments to the Articles of Association, by the Annual General Meeting on 25 April 2016, the depositary receipt structure was abolished on 26 July 2016. As a result of the amendments to the Articles of Association, a holder of a depositary receipt became entitled to ordinary shares in ING in exchange for depositary receipts previously held.

The conversion of ING Groep N.V. depositary receipts for shares into ING Groep N.V. ordinary shares took place on 26 July 2016. On the same date, the related changes to the Articles of Association, including the reduction of the nominal value of the shares from EUR 0.24 to EUR 0.01, were implemented.

ING’s American Depositary Receipts (ADR’s), which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange, remain in place. Similarly, the separate arrangement with the ING Continuity Foundation, regarding its call option to acquire preference shares in ING Group under certain circumstances, remains in place.

As per 26 July 2016, more than 99.9% of the issued ordinary shares were held by Stichting ING Aandelen (ING Trust Office). In exchange for these shares, ING Trust Office issued depositary receipts. These depositary receipts were listed on various stock exchanges. Depositary receipts could be exchanged upon request of the holders of depositary receipts for (non-listed) ordinary shares without any restriction, other than payment of an administrative fee of EUR 0.01 per depositary receipt with a minimum of EUR 25 per exchange transaction.

The holder of a depositary receipt was entitled to receive from ING Trust Office payment of dividends and distributions corresponding to the dividends and distributions received by ING Trust Office on an ordinary share.

Ordinary shares held by ING Group (Treasury shares)

As at 31 December 2017, 0.9 million ordinary shares (2016: 0.6 million ordinary shares and 2015: 1.5 million - depositary receipts for ordinary shares) of ING Groep N.V. with a par value of EUR 0.01 (2015: EUR 0.24) are held by ING Groep N.V. or its subsidiaries. The obligations with regard to the existing stock option plan and the share plans will be funded either by cash or by newly issued shares at the discretion of ING Group.

Share premium

Share premium
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		16,950		16,054		16,046
Issue of shares		56		5		8
Transfer from issued share capital				891
Closing balance		17,006		16,950		16,054

The increase in share premium, is a result of the issuance of ordinary shares, is related to share-based employee incentive programmes.

In 2016, the share premium increased by EUR 896 million, mainly as a result of a transfer from issued share capital as described above.

Other reserves

Revaluation reserve: Available-for-sale and other

Changes in revaluation reserve: Available-for-sale and other
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		3,830		3,896		6,838
Unrealised revaluations		–293		80		1,188
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		–90		–146		–94
Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC						–254
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						–2,940
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–855
Changes in composition of the group and other changes						13
Closing balance		3,447		3,830		3,896

In 2017, the available-for-sale revaluation reserve decreased by EUR 383 million mainly due to the revaluation of shares in Bank of Beijing EUR –479 million, partly offset by revaluation of shares in Kotak Mahindra Bank EUR 302 million.

Following the purchase of VISA Europe by VISA Inc. in 2016, the available-for-sale equity securities were derecognised from the statement of financial position with a corresponding release of the available-for-sale revaluation reserve recognised in Equity of EUR 154 million. Reference is made to Note 7 ‘Share of results of associates and joint ventures, and Note 37 ‘Fair value of assets and liabilities’.

In 2015 Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC comprised the change in insurance liabilities related to NN Group and Voya, until deconsolidation at the end of May 2015.

Revaluation reserve: Cash flow hedge

Changes in revaluation reserve: Cash flow hedge
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		777		666		3,877
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		–514		111		–65
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						–2,507
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–649
Changes in composition of the group and other changes						10
Closing balance		263		777		666

Revaluation reserve: Property in own use

Changes in revaluation reserve: Property in own use
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		204		326		306
Unrealised revaluations		25		5		38
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						–9
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–3
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		–26		–127		–6
Closing balance		203		204		326

In 2017 and 2016 respectively the EUR –26 million and EUR –127 million is a transfer of revaluation reserve to retained earnings.

Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued Operations’, for further information on NN Group divestment transactions.

Net defined benefit asset/liability remeasurement reserve

Reference is made to Note 35 ‘Pension and other post-employment benefits’.

Currency translation reserve

Changes in currency translation reserve
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		–770		–538		–741
Unrealised revaluations		192		–76		–263
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						26
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						8
Exchange rate differences		–1,085		–156		432
Closing balance		–1,663		–770		–538

Unrealised revaluations relates to changes in the value of hedging instruments that are designated as net investment hedges.

The hedging strategy is to hedge the CET1 ratio. The net decrease in currency translation reserve of EUR 893 million is mainly caused by exchange rate differences in TRY, USD and AUD, which are not or only partly hedged.

Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued Operations’, for further information on NN Group divestment transactions.

Share of associates, joint ventures and other reserves

Changes in share of associates, joint ventures and other reserves
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		2,235		1,733		1,483
Result for the year		153		124		131
Transfer to/from retained earnings		139		265
Changes in composition of the group and other changes				113		119
Closing balance		2,527		2,235		1,733

Treasury shares

Changes in treasury shares
	Amount						Number
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		–8		–18		–46		600,634		1,464,025		4,302,122
Purchased/sold		–7		10		28		343,623		–863,391		–2,810,775
Share-based payments												–27,322
Closing balance		–15		–8		–18		944,257		600,634		1,464,025

Retained earnings

Changes in retained earnings
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		24,371		22,231		19,370
Transfer to/from share of associates and joint ventures reserves		–139		–265
Result for the year		5,311		4,851		4,795
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–258
Dividend		–2,564		–2,521		–1,393
Coupon on Undated subordinated notes issued by NN Group						–19
Employee stock options and share plans		21		75		105
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		22				–369
Closing balance		27,022		24,371		22,231

In 2017, a cash dividend of EUR 2,564 million was paid to the shareholders of ING Group.

In 2016, a cash dividend of EUR 2,521 million was paid to the shareholders of ING Group.

In 2015, a cash dividend of EUR 1,393 million was paid to the shareholders of ING Group.

In 2015, the coupon on Undated subordinated notes issued by NN Group comprised coupon payments for the five months, until deconsolidation of NN Group at the end of May 2015.

For further information, reference is made to Note 29 ‘Dividend per ordinary share’ and Note 27 ‘Discontinued Operations’.

Non-controlling interests

In 2015, Non-controlling interests decreased by EUR 7,434 million and was mainly related to the deconsolidation of NN Group. Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued Operations’.

Ordinary shares - Restrictions with respect to dividend and repayment of capital

The following equity components cannot be freely distributed: Revaluation reserves (being Available for-sale and other, Cash flow hedge, Property in own use, and Net defined benefit asset/liability remeasurement reserve), Currency translation reserve, Share of associates and joint ventures reserve, and the part of the Retained earnings that relate to the former Stichting Regio Bank and the former Stichting Vakbondsspaarbank SPN.

As at 31 December 2017, an amount of EUR 1,478 million (2016: EUR 1,325 million; 2015: EUR 1,201 million) related to the former Stichting Regio Bank and the former Stichting Vakbondsspaarbank SPN is included.

ING Groep N.V. is subject to legal restrictions regarding the amount of dividends it can pay to the holders of its ordinary shares. Pursuant to the Dutch Civil Code, dividends can only be paid up to an amount equal to the excess of the company’s own funds over the sum of the paid-up capital, and reserves required by law.

Moreover, ING Groep N.V.’s ability to pay dividends is dependent on the dividend payment ability of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. ING Groep N.V. is legally required to create a non-distributable reserve insofar as profits of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are subject to dividend payment restrictions which apply to those subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures themselves. Such restrictions may among others be of a similar nature as the restrictions which apply to ING Groep N.V., including minimum capital requirements that are imposed by industry regulators in the countries in which the subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures operate, or other limitations which may exist in certain countries.

Non distributable reserves, determined in accordance with the financial reporting requirements included in Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, from ING Group’s subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are as follows:

Non-distributable reserves
	2017		2016		2015
ING Bank		7,603		7,310		6,824
Other		75		69
Non-distributable reserves		7,678		7,379		6,824

Furthermore there are restrictions to the ability of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures to distribute reserves to ING Groep N.V. as a result of minimum capital requirements that are imposed by industry regulators in the countries in which the subsidiaries operate.

In addition to the legal and regulatory restrictions on distributing dividends from subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures to ING Groep N.V. there are various other considerations and limitations that are taken into account in determining the appropriate levels of equity in the Group’s subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. These considerations and limitations include, but are not restricted to, rating agency and regulatory views, which can change over time; it is not possible to disclose a reliable quantification of these limitations. For an overview of the minimal capital requirements of ING Group refer to the ‘Capital Management’ section.

Without prejudice to the authority of the Executive Board to allocate profits to reserves and to the fact that the ordinary shares are the most junior securities issued by ING Groep N.V., no specific dividend payment restrictions with respect to ordinary shares exist.

Furthermore, ING Groep N.V. is subject to legal restrictions with respect to repayment of capital to holders of ordinary shares. Capital may be repaid to the holders of ordinary shares pursuant to an amendment of ING Groep N.V.’s Articles of Association whereby the ordinary shares are written down.

Pursuant to the Dutch Civil Code, capital may only be repaid if none of ING Groep N.V.’s creditors opposes such a repayment within two months following the announcement of a resolution to that effect.

Cumulative preference shares (not issued)

Pursuant to the Articles of Association of ING Groep N.V. the authorised cumulative preference share capital consists of 4.6 billion cumulative preference shares, of which none have been issued. The par value of these cumulative preference shares is EUR 0.01.

The cumulative preference shares rank before the ordinary shares in entitlement to dividend and to distributions upon liquidation of ING Groep N.V.

The dividend on the cumulative preference shares will be equal to a percentage, calculated on the amount compulsorily paid up or yet to be paid up. This percentage shall be equal to the average of the Euro OverNight Index Average (EONIA) as calculated by the European Central Bank during the financial year for which the distribution is made; this percentage being weighted on the basis of the number of days for which it applies, and increased by 2.5 percentage points.

If and to the extent that the profit available for distribution is not sufficient to pay the dividend referred to above in full, the shortfall will be made up from the reserves insofar as possible. If, and to the extent that, the dividend distribution cannot be made from the reserves, the profits earned in subsequent years shall first be used to make up the shortfall before any distribution may be made on shares of any other category.

ING Groep N.V.’s Articles of Association make provision for the cancellation of cumulative preference shares. Upon cancellation of cumulative preference shares and upon liquidation of ING Groep N.V., the amount paid up on the cumulative preference shares will be repaid together with the accrued dividend as well as any dividend shortfall in preceding years, insofar as this shortfall has not yet been made up.

Cumulative preference shares - Restrictions with respect to dividend and repayment of capital

ING Groep N.V. is subject to legal restrictions regarding the amount of dividends it can pay to the holders of its cumulative preference shares, when issued. Pursuant to the Dutch Civil Code, dividends can only be paid up to an amount equal to the excess of the company’s own funds over the sum of the paid-up capital, and reserves required by law.

Moreover, ING Groep N.V.’s ability to pay dividends is dependent on the dividend payment ability of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures. ING Groep N.V. is legally required to create a non-distributable reserve insofar as profits of its subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are subject to dividend payment restrictions which apply to those subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures themselves. Such restrictions may among others be of a similar nature as the restrictions which apply to ING Groep N.V., including minimum capital requirements that are imposed by industry regulators in the countries in which the subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures operate, or other limitations which may exist in certain countries.

No specific dividend payment restrictions with respect to the cumulative preference shares exist.

Furthermore, ING Groep N.V. is subject to legal restrictions with respect to repayment of capital to holders of cumulative preference shares. Capital may be repaid to the holders of cumulative preference shares pursuant to (i) an amendment of ING Groep N.V.’s Articles of Association whereby the cumulative preference shares are written-down or (ii) a resolution to redeem and cancel the cumulative preference shares.

Pursuant to the Dutch Civil Code, capital may only be repaid if none of ING Groep N.V.’s creditors opposes such a repayment within two months following the announcement of a resolution to that effect.

XML

Net interest income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Net interest income

19 Net interest income

Net interest income
	2017		2016		2015
Interest income on loans		18,284		18,407		19,185
Interest income on impaired loans		54		69		42
Negative interest on liabilities		500		175		64
Total interest income on loans		18,838		18,651		19,291
Interest income on available-for-sale securities		1,340		1,659		1,785
Interest income on held-to-maturity securities		154		97		101
Interest income on trading derivatives		16,108		16,081		17,130
Interest income on other trading portfolio		1,028		728		677
Interest income on non-trading derivatives (no hedge accounting)		594		623		788
Interest income on non-trading derivatives (hedge accounting)		5,690		6,213		6,394
Other interest income		138		130		155
Interest income		43,890		44,182		46,321
Interest expense on deposits from banks		301		283		302
Interest expense on customer deposits		2,664		3,160		4,177
Interest expense on debt securities		2,054		2,290		2,535
Interest expense on subordinated loans		784		816		901
Interest expense on trading derivatives		16,117		16,263		17,405
Interest expense on other trading liabilities		744		210		207
Interest expense on non-trading derivatives (no hedge accounting)		895		652		652
Interest expense on non-trading derivatives (hedge accounting)		5,946		6,720		7,181
Other interest expense		331		363		360
Negative interest on assets		407		184		40
Interest expense		30,243		30,941		33,760
Net interest income		13,647		13,241		12,561

In 2017, the modest increase in total average assets combined with an improvement of the net interest margin, lead to an increase of EUR 406 million in net interest income. The modest increase in total average assets was mainly attributable to an increase in customer lending and cash and balances with central banks, largely offset by a decline in investments.

In 2016, the increase in total average assets (with the cash pool balances until March 2016 still calculated on a net basis in order to provide consistent information), combined with an improvement of the net interest margin, lead to an increase of EUR 680 million in net interest income. The increase in total average assets was mainly attributable to an increase in customer lending, partly offset by a decline in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

XML

Net commission income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Net commission income

20 Net commission income

Fee and commission income
	2017		2016		2015
Funds transfer		1,172		1,103		1,014
Securities business		532		497		570
Insurance broking		176		181		185
Asset management fees		116		91		74
Brokerage and advisory fees		548		477		436
Other		1,321		1,232		1,132
		3,865		3,581		3,411

Included in Other, are commission fees of EUR 209 million (2016: EUR 202 million; 2015: EUR 171 million) in respect of bank guarantees, commission fees of EUR 52 million (2016: EUR 44 million; 2015: EUR 30 million) in respect of underwriting syndication loans, structured finance fees of EUR 136 million (2016: EUR 110 million; 2015: EUR 87 million), and collective instruments distributed but not managed by ING of EUR 165 million (2016: EUR 145 million; 2015: EUR 145 million).

Fee and commission expenses
	2017		2016		2015
Funds transfer		437		403		385
Securities business		150		166		158
Insurance broking		4		8		18
Asset management fees		5		5		2
Brokerage and advisory fees		192		166		140
Other		367		400		390
		1,155		1,148		1,093

XML

Valuation results and net trading income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Valuation results and net trading income

21 Valuation results and net trading income

Valuation results and net trading income
	2017		2016		2015
Securities trading results		656		–369		1,352
Derivatives trading results		59		706		600
Change in fair value of derivatives relating to
– fair value hedges		–184		–170		81
– cash flow hedges (ineffective portion)		44		–16		31
– other non-trading derivatives		–301		2,103		830
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities (hedged items)		91		244		–67
Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (excluding trading)		–56		–79		372
Foreign exchange transactions results		1,194		–898		–820
Other		9		24		66
		1,512		1,545		2,445

Securities trading results includes the results of market making in instruments such as government securities, equity securities, corporate debt securities, money-market instruments, and interest rate derivatives such as swaps, options, futures, and forward contracts. Foreign exchange transactions results include gains and losses from spot and forward contracts, options, futures, and translated foreign currency assets and liabilities.

The portion of trading gains and losses relating to trading securities still held as at 31 December 2017 amounts to EUR -68 million (2016: EUR -232 million; 2015: EUR 147 million).

Net trading income relates to trading assets and trading liabilities which include assets and liabilities that are classified under IFRS as Trading but are closely related to servicing the needs of the clients of ING. ING offers products that are traded on the financial markets to institutional clients, corporate clients, and governments. A significant part of the derivatives in the trading portfolio are related to servicing corporate clients in their risk management to hedge for example currency or interest rate exposures. In addition, ING provides its customers access to equity and debt markets for issuing their own equity or debt securities (securities underwriting). Although these are presented as Trading under IFRS, these are directly related to services to ING’s customers. Loans and receivables in the trading portfolio mainly relate to (reverse) repurchase agreements, which are comparable to collateralised borrowing (lending). These products are used by ING as part of its own regular treasury activities, but also relate to the role that ING plays as intermediary between different professional customers. From a risk perspective, the gross amount of trading assets must be considered together with the gross amount of trading liabilities, which are presented separately on the statement of financial position. However, IFRS does not allow netting of these positions in the statement of financial position. Reference is made to Note 4 ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss’ and Note 13 ‘Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’ for information on trading liabilities.

The majority of the risks involved in security and currency trading is economically hedged with derivatives. The securities trading results are partly offset by results on these derivatives. The result of these derivatives is included in Derivatives trading results.

ING Group’s trading books are managed based on internal limits and comprise a mix of products with results which could be offset. The results are presented in various lines within the statement of profit or loss. Reference is made to Note 19 ‘Net interest income’.

In 2017, Derivatives trading results includes EUR 47 million CVA/DVA adjustments on trading derivatives, compared with EUR 36 million CVA/DVA adjustment in 2016 (2015: EUR 98 million).

Valuation results and net trading income includes the fair value movements on derivatives (used for both hedge accounting and economically hedging exposures) as well as the changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities included in hedging relationships as hedged items. In addition, Valuation results and net trading income includes the results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss.

Included in the Valuation results and net trading income are the fair value movements on derivatives used to economically hedge exposures, but for which no hedge accounting is applied. The fair value movements on the derivatives are influenced by changes in the market conditions, such as stock prices, interest rates and currency exchange rates.

Valuation results and net trading income are reflected in the Consolidated statement of cash flows in the line Result before tax - Adjusted for: other.

The Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss includes fair value changes on certain issued debt securities. Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss were mainly due to changes in the fair value of financial liabilities driven by changes in market conditions and changes in own credit risk as disclosed in Note 13 ‘Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’. Market conditions include in particular credit spread developments.

In 2017, Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (excluding trading) includes fair value adjustments on own issued notes amounting to EUR –107 million (2016: EUR –70 million; 2015: EUR 404 million), of which DVA adjustment on own issued notes in 2017 amounted to EUR –79 million (2016: EUR –50 million; 2015: EUR 163 million).

In 2017, Valuation results and net trading income includes EUR –52 million related to warrants on the shares of Voya and NN Group (2016: EUR 33 million; 2015: EUR –19 million). Reference is made to Note 4 ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss’.

XML

Investment income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Investment income

22 Investment income

Investment income
	2017		2016		2015
Dividend income		80		87		63
Realised gains/losses on disposal of debt securities		64		107		123
Impairments of available-for-sale debt securities						–17
Reversal of impairments of available-for-sale debt securities		3
Realised gains/losses and impairments of debt securities		67		107		106
Realised gains/losses on disposal of equity securities		48		236		67
Impairments of available-for-sale equity securities		–6		–13		–117
Realised gains/losses and impairments of equity securities		42		223		–50
Income from and fair value gains/losses on investment properties		3		4		4
Investment income		192		421		123

In 2016, Dividend income includes EUR 16 million received as a result of the merger between Equens SE and Worldline. Reference is made to Note 5 ‘Investments’.

In 2016, Realised gains/losses on disposal of equity securities includes mainly EUR 163 million comprising the gain on disposal of the shares held in VISA Europe Limited. For further information on the disposal of shares held in VISA Europe Limited, reference is made to Note 7 ‘Share of associates and joint ventures’, and Note 18 ‘Equity’.

Impairments and reversals of impairments on investments are presented within Investment income, which is part of Total income.

Impairments and reversals of impairment on investments per segment

Impairments

Reversal of impairments

2017

2016

2015

2017

2016

2015

Retail Belgium

–5

Wholesale Banking

–5

–8

–129

3

Corporate Line Banking

–1

–5

–6

–13

–134

3

–

–

XML

Result on disposal of group companies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Result on disposal of group companies

23 Result on disposal of group companies

Result on disposal of group companies
	2017		2016		2015
Baring Private Equity Partners		1		1		7
ING Lease UK						–5
		1		1		2

In 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Result on disposal of group companies included realised deferred profits on divestments in prior periods related to Baring Private Equity Partners. In addition, 2015 includes a release of goodwill related to the disposal of the remaining portfolios of ING Lease (UK). Reference is made to Note 9 ‘Intangible assets’.

In 2016 and 2015 the result on divestments of NN Group and the divestment of Voya was not included above but included in Net result from disposal of discontinued operations. Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations’, and Note 46 ‘Consolidated companies and businesses acquired and divested’.

XML

Other income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Other income

24 Other income

In 2017, Other income of EUR 350 million (2016: EUR 173 million; 2015: EUR 66 million) includes EUR 121 million related to a tax charge at ING Australia Holdings Ltd, for which a full reimbursement is expected to be received from NN Group. Net operating lease income comprises income of EUR 24 million (2016: EUR 21 million; 2015: EUR 19 million) and depreciation of EUR 22 million (2016: EUR 19 million; 2015: EUR 17 million). The remainder of the Other income is mainly impacted by positive results on the sale of loans and property and increased renegotiations of mortgages.

In 2015, Other income – Other was mainly impacted by positive results on the sale of loans and property, partly offset by non-recurring charges related to increased prepayments and renegotiations of mortgages.

XML

Staff expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Staff expenses

25 Staff expenses

Staff expenses
	2017		2016		2015
Salaries		3,273		3,224		3,221
Pension costs and other staff-related benefit costs		381		344		275
Social security costs		499		512		514
Share-based compensation arrangements		74		75		76
External employees		716		636		634
Education		76		70		68
Other staff costs		183		178		184
		5,202		5,039		4,972

Number of employees
	Netherlands						International						Total
	2017		2016		20151		2017		2016		20151		2017		2016		20151
Continuing operations - average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		13,141		13,660		14,586		38,363		38,283		38,134		51,504		51,943		52,720
Discontinued operations - average number of employees at full time equivalent basis						2,652						2,181						4,833
Total average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		13,141		13,660		17,238		38,363		38,283		40,315		51,504		51,943		57,553

1 Continuing operations - average number of employees includes, on an average basis, employees of the discontinued operations of NN Group as NN Group was deconsolidated from ING Group at the end of May 2015. Staff expenses for the five months ending 31 May 2015, was included in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss of ING Group in the line item Net result from discontinued operations. Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations’.

Share-based compensation arrangements include EUR 69 million (2016: EUR 69 million; 2015: EUR 63 million) relating to equity-settled share-based payment arrangements and EUR 5 million (2016: EUR 6 million; 2015: EUR 13 million) relating to cash-settled share-based payment arrangements.

Remuneration of senior management, Executive Board and Supervisory Board

Reference is made to Note 49 ‘Related parties’.

Stock option and share plans

ING Groep N.V. has granted option rights on ING Groep N.V. shares and conditional rights on shares to a number of senior executives (members of the Executive Board, general managers and other officers nominated by the Executive Board), and to a considerable number of employees of ING Group. The purpose of the option and share schemes, apart from promoting a lasting growth of ING Group, is to attract, retain and motivate senior executives and staff.

ING grants three types of share awards, deferred shares, performance shares and upfront shares, which form part of the variable remuneration offering via the Long term Sustainably Performance Plan (LSPP). The entitlement to the share awards is granted conditionally. If the participant remains in employment for an uninterrupted period between the grant date and the vesting date, the entitlement becomes unconditional, with the exception of the upfront shares which are immediately vested upon grant. In addition to the employment condition, the performance shares require a performance condition that needs to be satisfied before a vest can occur. The number of ING shares that would ultimately be vested at the end of a performance period is dependent on ING’s performance over that period. Upfront and deferred shares awarded to the Management Board members of ING Group (and NN Group in periods prior to 2015), as well as identified staff, have a retention obligation that must be adhered to upon vesting, a minimum retention of 12 months applies. ING has the authority to apply a hold back to awarded but unvested shares and a claw-back to vested shares.

In addition to the LSPP share awards, ING also pays a number of senior employees fixed shares. The number of shares are determined each month from a cash value that forms part of the employee fixed remuneration. The shares are immediately vested to the employee, but have a minimum holding requirement of two years before the employee can dispose of the shares. The fixed shares are not subject to holdback or clawback.

The information presented below on stock options and share plans on ING Groep N.V. shares includes personnel employed by entities that are presented as continuing operations as well as held for sale and discontinued operations.

In 2017, 54,768 share awards (2016: 61,532; 2015: nil) were granted to the members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V., 104,449 share awards (2016: 170,749; 2015: 106,013) were granted to the Management Board Banking. To senior management and other employees 4,846,903 share awards (2016: 6,590,039; 2015: 6,088,240) were granted.

Every year, the ING Group Executive Board decides whether the option and share schemes are to be continued and, if so, to what extent. In 2010, the Group Executive Board decided not to continue the option scheme as from 2011. The existing option schemes, up and until 2010, will be run off in the coming years.

The option rights are valid for a period of ten years. Option rights that are not exercised within this period, lapse. Option rights granted will remain valid until the expiry date, even if the option scheme is discontinued. The option rights are subject to certain conditions, including a pre-determined continuous period of service. The exercise prices of the options are the same as the quoted prices of ING Groep N.V. shares at the date on which the options are granted.

The obligations with regard to the existing stock option plan and the share plans will be funded either by cash or by newly issued shares at the discretion of ING Group.

Changes in option rights outstanding
	Options outstanding (in numbers)						Weighted average exercise price (in euros)
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		25,574,912		37,311,131		52,559,607		15.53		17.54		16.95
Exercised		–2,216,764		–1,583,072		–3,251,420		5.89		5.40		5.97
Forfeited		–168,007		–244,959		–410,847		14.26		16.89		18.05
Expired		–8,048,161		–9,908,188		–11,586,209		24.18		24.67		18.13
Closing balance		15,141,980		25,574,912		37,311,131		12.36		15.53		17.54

As per 31 December 2017, total options outstanding consists of 10,156,219 options (2016: 16,861,694; 2015: 27,657,794) relating to equity-settled share-based payment arrangements and 4,985,761 options (2016: 8,713,218; 2015: 9,653,337) relating to cash-settled share-based payment arrangements.

The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for options exercised during 2017 is EUR 13.81 (2016: EUR 10.43; 2015: 13.62). All option rights are vested.

Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable
	Options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December						Weighted average remaining contractual life						Weighted average exercise price
Range of exercise price in euros	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
0.00 – 5.00		2,294,423		3,086,449		3,817,765		1.21		2.21		3.22		2.88		2.88		2.89
5.00 – 10.00		3,754,542		5,248,657		6,213,999		2.21		3.21		4.21		7.38		7.37		7.37
10.00 – 15.00		110,086		137,706		139,841		0.71		1.71		2.72		14.35		14.35		14.35
15.00 – 20.00		8,982,929		9,460,529		10,061,265		0.21		1.21		2.21		16.84		16.83		16.87
20.00 – 25.00				7,295,027		7,608,639				0.23		1.24				24.62		24.62
25.00 – 30.00				346,544		9,469,622				0.38		0.30				25.42		25.17
		15,141,980		25,574,912		37,311,131

All options outstanding are exercisable. As at 31 December 2017, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable is EUR 59 million (2016: EUR 64 million; 2015: EUR 68 million).

Cash received from stock option exercises for the year ended 31 December 2017 is EUR 10 million (2016: EUR 7 million; 2015: EUR 16 million).

Changes in share awards
	Share awards (in numbers)						Weighted average grant date fair value (in euros)
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		8,382,963		8,737,014		12,706,264		10.44		10.04		7.37
Granted		5,006,120		6,822,320		6,194,253		13.20		10.20		13.00
Performance effect		379,934		543,891		453,699		10.47		8.68		6.40
Vested		–6,328,318		–7,569,972		–10,374,131		11.40		9.65		8.38
Forfeited		–218,420		–150,290		–243,071		10.83		10.58		8.91
Closing balance		7,222,279		8,382,963		8,737,014		11.46		10.44		10.04

As at 31 December 2017 the share awards consists of 6,416,705 share awards (2016: 7,294,633; 2015: 7,485,634) relating to equity-settled share-based payment arrangements and 805,574 share awards (2016: 1,088,330; 2015: 1,251,380) relating to cash-settled share-based payment arrangements.

The fair value of share awards granted is recognised as an expense under Staff expenses and is allocated over the vesting period of the share awards. As of 2015, ING Group no longer has share awards containing a market based performance condition. Previously, the fair values of share awards containing a market based performance condition have been determined using a Monte Carlo simulation based valuation model. The model takes into account the risk free interest rate, the current stock prices, expected volatilities and current dividend yields of the performance peer group used to determine ING’s Total Shareholder Return (TSR) ranking.

As at 31 December 2017, total unrecognised compensation costs related to share awards amount to EUR 37 million (2016: EUR 41 million; 2015: EUR 45 million). These costs are expected to be recognised over a weighted average period of 1.4 years (2016: 1.4 years; 2015: 1.4 years).

XML

Other operating expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Other operating expenses

26 Other operating expenses

Other operating expenses
	2017		2016		2015
IT related expenses1		737		740		753
Office expenses		587		580		618
Advertising and public relations		455		404		418
Travel and accommodation expenses		178		169		166
External advisory fees		353		320		246
Audit and non-audit services		22		19		18
Postal charges		50		48		56
Depreciation of property and equipment		319		330		327
Amortisation of intangible assets		179		187		270
Impairments and reversals on property and equipment and intangibles		18		107		27
Regulatory costs		901		845		620
Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of provision for reorganisations and relocations		–5		1,189		165
Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of other provisions		167		213		7
Contributions and subscriptions		91		82		68
Other		575		342		595
		4,627		5,575		4,354

1 Computer costs is renamed to IT related expenses

Other operating expenses include lease and sublease payments in respect of operating leases of EUR 307 million (2016: EUR 310 million; 2015: EUR 281 million) in which ING Group is the lessee. No individual operating lease has terms and conditions that significantly affect the amount, timing and certainty of the consolidated cash flows of the Group.

Audit and non-audit services

Total audit and non-audit services include the following fees for services provided by the Group’s auditor.

Fees of Group’s auditors
	2017		2016		2015
Audit fees		18		15		16
Audit related fees		1		1		1
Tax fees						1
Total1		19		16		18

1 The Group auditors did not provide any non-audit services except tax services in 2015. In 2016 and 2017 no non-audit services were provided.

Fees as disclosed in the table above relate to the network of the Group’s auditors and are the amounts related to the respective years, i.e. on an accrual basis. The amounts exclude Group’s auditors fees for entities presented as held for sale and discontinued operations. Increase in audit fees in 2017 relates primarily to audit activities for the implementation of IFRS 9.

Regulatory costs

Regulatory costs represent contributions to the Deposit Guarantee Schemes (DGS), The Single Resolution Fund (SRF) and local bank taxes. As of 1 January 2016, the new ex-ante DGS in the Netherlands and the SRF came into effect resulting in increased Regulatory costs for the period. Included in Regulatory costs for 2017, are contributions to DGS of EUR 341 million (2016: EUR 316 million; 2015: EUR 233 million) mainly related to the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Poland, and Spain and contributions to the SRF of EUR 179 million (2016: EUR 176 million; 2015: EUR 143 million) related to National Resolution Funds.

In 2017 local bank taxes increased by EUR 30 million from EUR 351 million to EUR 381 million mainly due to a the full year Polish bank tax and higher taxes in the UK.

Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of provision for reorganisations and relocations

For Addition/(unused amounts reversed) on provision for reorganisations and relocations, reference is made to the disclosure on the reorganisation provision in Note 14 ‘Provisions’.

Tangible and Intangible impairments and reversals

Impairments and reversals of property and equipment and intangibles
	Impairment losses						Reversals of impairments						Total
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Property and equipment		10		65		17		–24		–5		–14		–14		60		3
Property development		2		3		9								2		3		9
Software and other intangible assets		30		44		15								30		44		15
(Reversals of) other impairments		42		112		41		–24		–5		–14		18		107		27

In 2017, impairment losses on software and intangible assets mainly include software that was impaired to is Value in Use, related to the acceleration of the Think Forward Strategy.

In 2017, reversals of impairments on property and equipment, mainly include impairments on property in own use that were reversed following the sale of office buildings.

Other

Included in Other operating expenses – Other in 2017, is a net charge for the provision recognised in relation to floating interest rate derivatives that were sold in the Netherlands. Also included in this line, is a charge related to the provision recognised for reimbursement of expenses associated to the formalization of mortgages at ING Spain and a charge related to the provision recognised for a discontinued business in ING Luxembourg. Reference is made to Note 14 ‘Provisions’ and Note 45 ‘Legal proceedings’.

Other operating expenses – Other in 2016 included a EUR 116 million one-off procured cost savings in Belgium.

XML

Discontinued operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Discontinued operations

27 Discontinued operations

Total net result from discontinued operations comprises the results from NN Group and Voya.

Total net result from discontinued operations
	2017		2016		2015
NN Group						800
Net result from discontinued operations		–		–		800
NN Group						3
Net result from classification as discontinued operations		–		–		3
NN Group				441		–1,202
Voya						323
Net result from disposal of discontinued operations1		–		441		–879
NN Group				441		–399
Voya						323
Total net result from discontinued operations (before non-controlling interests)		–		441		–76

1 The tax effect on the result on disposal of discontinued operations in 2016 is EUR 2 million (2015: nil).

Net result from discontinued operations

Net result from discontinued operations comprises the total net result (after tax) of the businesses classified as discontinued operations and is presented separately in the statement of profit or loss.

In 2015, the statement of profit or loss of ING Group included, in the line Net result from discontinued operations, the net result of NN Group until deconsolidation at the end of May 2015 and a dividend of EUR 59 million received from NN Group.

Net result from discontinued operations
	2017		2016		20151
Total income						6,824
Total expenses						5,879
Result before tax from discontinued operations		–		–		945
Taxation						145
Net result from discontinued operations		–		–		800

1 NN Group.

Total comprehensive income for NN Group until deconsolidation at the end of May 2015 comprised EUR 1,718 million (attributable to equity holders of ING: EUR 941 million and to non-controlling interests: EUR 777 million). ING Group’s interest in NN Group was 54.77% until deconsolidation at the end of May 2015.

Net result from classification as discontinued operations

In 2015, Net result from classification as discontinued operations comprised the impact on the statement of profit or loss of the change in non-current non-financial assets of NN Group presented as assets and liabilities held for sale, prior to deconsolidation at the end of May 2015.

Net result from disposal of discontinued operations

In 2015, Net result from disposal of discontinued operations included mainly a profit of EUR 323 million on the sale of the last Voya shares in March 2015 to reduce ING Group’s stake in Voya from 18.9% to zero, a loss of EUR 1,224 million as a result of the further sale and deconsolidation of NN Group at the end of May 2015 and a loss of EUR 15 million on the further divestments of ING Group’s interest in NN Group in September 2015.

In 2016, ING Group sold its remaining shares in NN Group resulting in a net profit of EUR 448 million which is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the line Net result from disposal of discontinued operations. Also included in this line, are deferred losses related to former insurance activities.

January 2016 – Loss of significant influence over NN Group

On 5 January 2016, ING sold a further 33 million ordinary shares of NN Group. As part of the transaction, NN Group repurchased 8 million ordinary shares. The gross proceeds to ING Group from the offering, including the repurchase by NN Group, amounted to EUR 1 billion. The transaction reduced the ownership of ING in NN Group from 25.75% (as at 31 December 2015) to 16.22%. As a result of the transaction, together with ING Group no longer having any nominees on NN Group’s Supervisory Board as of 14 December 2015, ING Group no longer had significant influence over NN Group and accounted for its remaining stake in NN Group as an available-for-sale investment. The sale transaction, together with the revaluation of the remaining stake, resulted in a net profit of EUR 522 million and is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the line ‘Net result from disposal of discontinued operations’.

February 2016 – Final tranche exchange of subordinated notes: Anchor investors

On 2 February 2016, ING settled the exchange of the third and final tranche of EUR 337.5 million mandatory exchangeable subordinated notes which were issued in 2014 as part of the Anchor investment in NN Group. EUR 210 million of the notes were exchanged into 6.9 million NN Group ordinary shares with the three Anchor investors. EUR 128 million of notes were settled in cash with RRJ Capital. This transaction reduced ING’s remaining stake in NN Group from 16.22% to 14.09%. The transaction did not have a material impact on the shareholders’ equity or the statement of profit or loss of ING Group.

April 2016 – Divestment of remaining shareholding in NN Group

On 14 April 2016, ING Group sold its remaining shares in NN Group. The transaction involved the sale of 45.7 million ordinary shares of NN Group at gross proceeds of EUR 1,406 million and resulted in a net loss of EUR 66 million which is recognised in the statement of profit or loss, in the line ‘Net result from disposal of discontinued operations’.

Reference is made to Note 46 ‘Consolidated companies and businesses acquired and divested’.

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

The table below represents the net cash flows from businesses classified as discontinued operations, as included in the Consolidated statement of cash flows, until deconsolidation of the respective businesses:

Net cash flows from discontinued operations
	2017		2016		20151
Operating cash flow						–1,409
Investing cash flow						2,619
Financing cash flow						526
Net cash flow		–		–		1,736

1 NN Group.

XML

Earnings per ordinary share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Earnings per ordinary share

28 Earnings per ordinary share

Earnings per ordinary share
	Amount (in EUR million)						Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period (in millions)						Per ordinary share (in EUR)
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Basic earnings		5,464		4,975		4,926		3,882.8		3,875.0		3,864.8		1.41		1.28		1.28
Basic earnings from discontinued operations				441		–415								0.00		0.11		–0.11
Basic earnings from continuing operations		5,464		4,534		5,341								1.41		1.17		1.39
Effect of dilutive instruments:
Stock option and share plans								2.8		3.5		5.5
								2.8		3.5		5.5
Diluted earnings		5,464		4,975		4,926		3,885.6		3,878.5		3,870.3		1.41		1.28		1.27
Diluted earnings from discontinued operations				441		–415								0.00		0.11		–0.11
Diluted earnings from continuing operations		5,464		4,534		5,341								1.41		1.17		1.38

Dilutive instruments

Diluted earnings per share is calculated as if the stock options and share plans outstanding at the end of the period had been exercised at the beginning of the period and assuming that the cash received from exercised stock options and share plans is used to buy own shares against the average market price during the period. The net increase in the number of shares resulting from exercising stock options and share plans is added to the average number of shares used for the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

XML

Dividend per ordinary share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Dividend per ordinary share

29 Dividend per ordinary share

Dividends to shareholders of the parent
	Per ordinary share (in EUR)		Total (in EUR million)
Dividends on ordinary shares:
In respect of 2015
– Interim dividend, paid in cash in August 2015		0.24		929
– Final dividend, paid in cash in May 2016		0.41		1,590
Total dividend in respect of 2015		0.65		2,519
In respect of 2016
– Interim dividend, paid in cash in August 2016		0.24		931
– Final dividend		0.42		1,629
Total dividend in respect of 2016		0.66		2,560
In respect of 2017
– Interim dividend, paid in cash in August 2017		0.24		933
– Final dividend		0.43		1,670
Total dividend in respect of 2017		0.67		2,603

ING Groep N.V. is required to withhold tax of 15% on dividends paid.

XML

Net cash flow from investing activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Net cash flow from investing activities

30 Net cash flow from investing activities

Information on the impact of companies acquired or disposed is presented in Note 46 ‘Consolidated companies and businesses acquired and divested’.

XML

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

31 Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

2016

Cash Flows

Non cash changes

2017

Additions

Redemptions / Disposals

Aquisitions

Amortisation

Other Changes

Changes in FV

Foreign exchange movement

Debt securities in issue

103,234

95,458

–96,837

132

–40

–915

–4,946

96,086

Subordinated Loans

17,223

2,331

–2,343

46

–94

–1,195

15,968

Total Liabilities from financing activities

120,457

97,789

–99,180

–

178

–40

–1,009

–6,141

112,054

XML

Cash and cash equivalents

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Cash and cash equivalents

32 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents
	2017		2016		2015
Treasury bills and other eligible bills		391		512		363
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks		–3,403		–2,492		–1,442
Cash and balances with central banks		21,989		18,144		21,458
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		18,977		16,164		20,379

Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in cash and cash equivalents
	2017		2016		2015
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in trading assets		5		126		228
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in available-for-sale investments		386		386		135
		391		512		363
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks
	2017		2016		2015
Included in cash and cash equivalents:
– deposits from banks		–8,563		–9,809		–10,312
– loans and advances to banks		5,160		7,317		8,870
		–3,403		–2,492		–1,442
Not included in cash and cash equivalents:
– deposits from banks		–28,258		–22,155		–23,501
– loans and advances to banks		23,651		21,541		21,118
		–4,607		–614		–2,383
Total as included in the statement of financial position:
– deposits from banks		–36,821		–31,964		–33,813
– loans and advances to banks		28,811		28,858		29,988
		–8,010		–3,106		–3,825

Cash and cash equivalents includes deposits from banks and loans and advances to banks that are on demand.

Included in Cash and cash equivalents, are minimum mandatory reserve deposits to be held with various central banks. Reference is made to Note 41 ‘Assets not freely disposable’ for restrictions on Cash and balances with central banks.

ING Group’s risk management (including liquidity) is explained in the section ‘Risk management – Funding and liquidity risk’.

XML

Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Segments

33 Segments

a. General

ING Group’s segments are based on the internal reporting structures by lines of business.

Recognition and measurement of segment results are in line with the accounting policies as described in Note 1 ‘Accounting policies’. Corporate expenses are allocated to business lines based on time spent by head office personnel, the relative number of staff, or on the basis of income, expenses and/or assets of the segment.

The following table specifies the segments by line of business and the main sources of income of each of the segments:

Specification of the main sources of income of each of the segments by line of business
Segments of the Banking results by line of business	Main source of income
Retail Netherlands (Market Leaders)	Income from retail and private banking activities in the Netherlands, including the SME and mid-corporate segments. The main products offered are current and savings accounts, business lending, mortgages and other consumer lending in the Netherlands.
Retail Belgium (Market Leaders)	Income from retail and private banking activities in Belgium (including Luxembourg), including the SME and mid-corporate segments. The main products offered are similar to those in the Netherlands.
Retail Germany (Challengers and Growth Markets)	Income from retail and private banking activities in Germany (including Austria). The main products offered are current and savings accounts, mortgages and other customer lending.
Retail Other (Challengers and Growth Markets)	Income from retail banking activities in the rest of the world, including the SME and mid-corporate segments in specific countries. The main products offered are similar to those in the Netherlands.
Wholesale Banking	Income from wholesale banking activities (a full range of products is offered from cash management to corporate finance), real estate and lease.

The geographical segments for the Banking results are presented on page F-77.

Specification of geographical segments
Geographical segments	Main countries
The Netherlands
Belgium	Including Luxembourg
Germany	Including Austria
Other Challengers	Australia, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Czech Republic and UK Legacy run-off portfolio
Growth Markets	Poland, Romania, Turkey and Asian bank stakes
Wholesale Banking Rest of World	UK, Americas, Asia and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe
Other	Corporate Line Banking and the run-off portfolio of Real Estate

ING Group evaluates the results of its banking segments using a financial performance measure called underlying result. The published 2017 Annual Accounts of ING Group includes this financial information in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (IFRS-EU). The segment reporting in the Annual report on Form 20-F has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS -IASB) for consistency with the other financial information contained in this report. The difference between the accounting standards is reflected in the Wholesale segment, and in the regions the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Other Challengers. Reference is made to Note 1 ‘Accounting Policies’ for a reconciliation between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB.

Underlying result is used to monitor the performance of ING Group at a consolidated level and by segment. The Executive Board and Management Board Banking consider this measure to be relevant to an understanding of the Group’s financial performance, because it allows investors to understand the primary method used by management to evaluate the Group’s operating performance and make decisions about allocating resources. In addition, ING Group believes that the presentation of underlying net result helps investors compare its segment performance on a meaningful basis by highlighting result before tax attributable to ongoing operations and the underlying profitability of the segment businesses. Underlying result is derived by excluding from IFRS the following: special items; the impact of divestments and Legacy Insurance.

Special items include items of income or expense that are significant and arise from events or transactions that are clearly distinct from the regular operating activities. Disclosures on comparative periods also reflect the impact of divestments. Legacy Insurance consists of the results from discontinued operations and the results from Insurance Other. Insurance Other reflects (former) insurance related activities that are not part of the discontinued operations.

ING Group reconciles the total segment results to the total result of Banking using Corporate Line Banking. The Corporate Line Banking is a reflection of capital management activities and certain expenses that are not allocated to the banking businesses. The Corporate Line Banking includes the isolated legacy costs (mainly negative interest results) caused by the replacement of short-term funding with long-term funding during 2012 and 2013. ING Group applies a system of capital charging for its banking operations in order to create a comparable basis for the results of business units globally, irrespective of the business units’ book equity and the currency they operate in.

Underlying result as presented below is a non-GAAP financial measure and is not a measure of financial performance under IFRS. Because underlying result is not determined in accordance with IFRS, underlying result as presented by ING may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies. The underlying result of ING’s segments is reconciled to the Net result as reported in the IFRS Consolidated statement of profit or loss below. The information presented in this note is in line with the information presented to the Executive Board of ING Group and Management Board Banking.

This note does not provide information on the revenue specified to each product or service as this is not reported internally and is therefore not readily available.

b. ING Group

Reconciliation between IFRS and Underlying income, expenses and net result
2017	Income		Expenses		Taxation		Non- Controlling interests		Net result1
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent										5,464
Net result IFRS from continuing operations		18,590		10,505		2,539		82		5,464
Remove impact of:
Special items2		–121				–121				0
Insurance Other3		53				1				52
Underlying4		18,521		10,505		2,418		82		5,516

1 Net result, after tax and non-controlling interests.

2 Special items in 2017, comprise a tax charge at ING Australia Holdings Ltd related to the years 2007-2013, for which a full reimbursement is expected to be received from NN Group.

3 Insurance Other comprises the net result relating to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial and NN Group N.V.

4 Underlying figures are derived from figures according to IFRS by excluding the impact from divestments, special items, Insurance Other, and discontinued operations.

ING Group Total
2017	ING Bank N.V.		Other Banking1		Total Banking		Legacy Insurance		Total
Underlying income
– Net interest income		13,714		–68		13,646				13,646
– Net commission income		2,714				2,714				2,714
– Total investment and other income		2,144		17		2,162				2,162
Total underlying income		18,572		–51		18,521				18,521
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		9,795		34		9,829				9,829
– Additions to loan loss provision		676				676				676
Total underlying expenses		10,472		34		10,505				10,505
Underlying result before taxation		8,100		–84		8,016				8,016
Taxation		2,440		–22		2,418				2,418
Non-controlling interests		82				82				82
Underlying net result		5,578		–62		5,516				5,516
Special items		0				0				0
Insurance Other								–52		–52
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		5,578		–62		5,516		–52		5,464
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent		5,578		–62		5,516		–52		5,464

1 Comprises for the most part the funding charges of ING Groep N.V. (Holding).

Reconciliation between IFRS and Underlying income, expenses and net result
2016	Income		Expenses		Taxation		Non- Controlling interests		Net result1
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent										4,975
Net result from discontinued operations										–441
Net result IFRS from continuing operations		17,902		11,588		1,705		75		4,534
Remove impact of:
Special items2				–1,157		358				799
Insurance Other3		–33								–33
Underlying4		17,869		10,430		2,064		75		5,300

1 Net result, after tax and non-controlling interests.

2 Special items in 2016 primarily comprise restructuring charges and impairments related to the intended digital transformation programmes as announced in October 2016.

3 Insurance Other comprises mainly the net result relating to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial and NN Group N.V.

4 Underlying figures are derived from figures according to IFRS by excluding the impact from divestments, special items, Insurance Other, and discontinued operations.

ING Group Total
2016	ING Bank N.V.		Other Banking1		Total Banking		Legacy Insurance		Total
Underlying income
– Net interest income		13,317		–76		13,241				13,241
– Net commission income		2,434				2,433				2,433
– Total investment and other income		2,174		21		2,195				2,195
Total underlying income		17,925		–56		17,869				17,869
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		9,445		11		9,456				9,456
– Additions to loan loss provision		974				974				974
Total underlying expenses		10,419		11		10,430				10,430
Underlying result before taxation		7,506		–67		7,439				7,439
Taxation		2,081		–17		2,064				2,064
Non-controlling interests		75				75				75
Underlying net result		5,350		–50		5,300				5,300
Special items		–799				–799				–799
Insurance Other								33		33
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		4,551		–50		4,501		33		4,534
Total net result from discontinued operations NN Group								441		441
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent		4,551		–50		4,501		474		4,975

1 Comprises for the most part the funding charges of ING Groep N.V. (Holding).

For information on discontinued operations, reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations’.

Reconciliation between IFRS and Underlying income, expenses and net result
2015	Income		Expenses		Taxation		Non- Controlling interests		Net result1
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent										4,926
Net result from discontinued operations										415
Net result IFRS from continuing operations		18,007		10,673		1,924		69		5,341
Remove impact of:
Divestments2		–367								–367
Special items3				–77		19				58
Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group4		28		1		7				20
Insurance Other5		45		–4		5		2		42
Underlying6		17,713		10,593		1,953		72		5,095

1 Net result, after tax and non-controlling interests.

2 Divestments in 2015 reflected the result from the merger between ING Vysya and Kotak Mahindra Bank

3 Special items in 2015 comprised additional charges related to previously announced restructuring programmes in Retail Netherlands.

4 Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group, prior to deconsolidation at the end of May 2015.

5 Insurance Other comprised mainly the net result relating to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial and NN Group N.V.

6 Underlying figures are derived from figures according to IFRS by excluding the impact from divestments, special items, Insurance Other, and discontinued operations.

ING Group Total
2015	ING Bank N.V.		Other Banking1		Total Banking		Legacy Insurance		Total
Underlying income
– Net interest income		12,744		–154		12,590				12,590
– Net commission income		2,320				2,320				2,320
– Total investment and other income		2,800		3		2,803				2,803
Total underlying income		17,864		–151		17,713				17,713
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		9,231		15		9,246				9,246
– Additions to loan loss provision		1,347				1,347				1,347
Total underlying expenses		10,578		15		10,593				10,593
Underlying result before taxation		7,286		–166		7,120				7,120
Taxation		1,988		–35		1,953				1,953
Non-controlling interests		72				72				72
Underlying net result		5,226		–131		5,095				5,095
Divestments		367				367				367
Special items		–58				–58				–58
Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group								–20		–20
Insurance Other								–42		–42
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		5,535		–131		5,404		–63		5,341
Total net result from discontinued operations NN Group								–738		–738
Total net result from discontinued operations Voya								323		323
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent		5,535		–131		5,404		–477		4,926

1 Comprised for the most part the funding charges of ING Groep N.V. (Holding).

For information on discontinued operations, reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations’.

c. Banking activities

Segments Banking by line of business
2017	Retail Netherlands		Retail Belgium		Retail Germany		Retail Other		Wholesale Banking		Corporate Line Banking		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		3,610		1,842		1,704		2,437		3,827		226		13,646
– Net commission income		601		408		215		384		1,108		–3		2,714
– Total investment and other income		257		224		–28		207		1,804		–301		2,162
Total underlying income		4,468		2,473		1,891		3,028		6,739		–78		18,521
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,212		1,584		1,032		1,919		2,792		290		9,829
– Additions to loan loss provision		13		104		–10		284		284		1		676
Total underlying expenses		2,224		1,688		1,022		2,203		3,076		291		10,505
Underlying result before taxation		2,243		785		869		825		3,663		–369		8,016
Taxation		566		296		241		188		1,140		–13		2,418
Non-controlling interests				–2		2		67		15				82
Underlying net result		1,678		491		625		569		2,508		–356		5,516
Special items												0		0
Net result IFRS		1,678		491		625		569		2,508		–356		5,516
Segments Banking by line of business
2016	Retail Netherlands		Retail Belgium		Retail Germany		Retail Other		Wholesale Banking		Corporate Line Banking		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		3,653		1,936		1,689		2,107		3,750		106		13,241
– Net commission income		546		385		183		320		1,003		–3		2,433
– Total investment and other income		237		253		51		432		1,266		–44		2,195
Total underlying income		4,436		2,573		1,923		2,859		6,019		59		17,869
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,560		1,438		886		1,723		2,572		278		9,456
– Additions to loan loss provision		171		175		–18		278		368				974
Total underlying expenses		2,731		1,613		868		2,001		2,940		278		10,430
Underlying result before taxation		1,705		961		1,055		858		3,079		–219		7,439
Taxation		422		306		315		178		840		2		2,064
Non-controlling interests				1		2		60		11				75
Underlying net result		1,282		653		738		620		2,227		–221		5,300
Special items		–192		–418				–12		–149		–27		–799
Net result IFRS		1,090		235		738		608		2,078		–248		4,501

Segments Banking by line of business
2015	Retail Netherlands		Retail Belgium		Retail Germany		Retail Other		Wholesale Banking		Corporate Line Banking		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		3,683		1,953		1,634		1,935		3,538		–153		12,590
– Net commission income		515		397		172		278		962		–4		2,320
– Total investment and other income		205		195		104		195		2,231		–127		2,803
Total underlying income		4,403		2,546		1,910		2,408		6,731		–285		17,713
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,475		1,532		842		1,594		2,559		245		9,246
– Additions to loan loss provision		433		169		57		210		478				1,347
Total underlying expenses		2,908		1,701		899		1,804		3,036		245		10,593
Underlying result before taxation		1,495		845		1,012		604		3,694		–530		7,120
Taxation		391		255		328		142		961		–125		1,953
Non-controlling interests				6		2		48		16				72
Underlying net result		1,104		583		681		414		2,717		–404		5,095
Divestments								367						367
Special items		–58												–58
Net result IFRS		1,046		583		681		781		2,717		–404		5,404

Geographical segments Banking
2017	Netherlands		Belgium		Germany		Other Challengers		Growth Markets		Wholesale Banking Rest of World		Other		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		4,480		2,089		2,172		1,527		1,515		1,636		227		13,646
– Net commission income		871		519		269		232		316		509		–3		2,714
– Total investment and other income		1,141		574		148		–49		296		245		–193		2,162
Total underlying income		6,492		3,183		2,589		1,709		2,127		2,390		31		18,521
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,930		2,063		1,154		1,142		1,126		1,113		301		9,829
– Additions to loan loss provision		3		160		–15		201		241		85		1		676
Total underlying expenses		2,933		2,223		1,140		1,344		1,367		1,198		301		10,505
Underlying result before taxation		3,559		960		1,449		366		760		1,192		–270		8,016
Taxation		882		416		459		132		151		379		–1		2,418
Non-controlling interests				–2		2				82						82
Underlying net result		2,677		546		988		234		527		813		–269		5,516
Special items														0		0
Net result IFRS		2,677		546		988		234		527		813		–269		5,516

Geographical segments Banking
2016	Netherlands		Belgium		Germany		Other Challengers		Growth Markets		Wholesale Banking Rest of World		Other		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		4,699		2,183		2,025		1,373		1,274		1,579		107		13,241
– Net commission income		779		482		241		171		309		452		–2		2,433
– Total investment and other income		967		462		–21		136		460		202		–12		2,195
Total underlying income		6,445		3,128		2,245		1,681		2,043		2,233		94		17,869
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		3,301		1,796		987		951		1,103		1,029		290		9,456
– Additions to loan loss provision		310		215		–13		120		240		103				974
Total underlying expenses		3,610		2,010		973		1,071		1,343		1,132		290		10,430
Underlying result before taxation		2,835		1,118		1,272		610		700		1,101		–197		7,439
Taxation		705		319		395		174		125		335		10		2,064
Non-controlling interests				1		2				71						75
Underlying net result		2,130		797		875		436		504		766		–207		5,300
Special items		–268		–491				–13						–27		–799
Net result IFRS		1,863		306		875		423		504		766		–234		4,501

Geographical segments Banking
2015	Netherlands		Belgium		Germany		Other Challengers		Growth Markets		Wholesale Banking Rest of World		Other		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		4,677		2,287		1,812		1,268		1,147		1,551		–153		12,590
– Net commission income		754		497		215		156		267		435		–4		2,320
– Total investment and other income		1,428		402		83		14		330		580		–33		2,803
Total underlying income		6,861		3,185		2,109		1,439		1,743		2,566		–189		17,713
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		3,220		1,943		917		840		1,061		1,003		262		9,246
– Additions to loan loss provision		654		166		77		99		176		175				1,347
Total underlying expenses		3,875		2,109		994		938		1,237		1,178		262		10,593
Underlying result before taxation		2,985		1,075		1,115		501		506		1,387		–451		7,120
Taxation		779		304		370		172		79		367		–117		1,953
Non-controlling interests				6		2				64						72
Underlying net result		2,206		765		743		329		363		1,021		–334		5,095
Divestments										367						367
Special items		–58														–58
Net result IFRS		2,148		765		743		329		730		1,021		–334		5,404

IFRS statements of financial position by segment are not reported internally to, and not managed by, the chief operating decision maker.

XML

Information on geographical areas

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Information on geographical areas

34 Information on geographical areas

ING Group’s business lines operate in seven main geographical areas: the Netherlands, Belgium, Rest of Europe, North America, Latin America, Asia and Australia. A geographical area is a distinguishable component of the Group engaged in providing products or services within a particular economic environment that is subject to risks and returns that are different from those of geographical areas operating in other economic environments. The geographical analyses are based on the location of the office from which the transactions are originated. The Netherlands is ING Group’s country of domicile.

The tables below provide additional information, for the years 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively, on names of principal subsidiaries and branches, nature of main activities and average number of employees on a full time equivalent basis by country/tax jurisdiction.

Additional information by country
2017
Geographical area	Country/Tax jurisdiction	Name of principal subsidiary	Main activity	Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		Total Income		Total assets		Result before tax		Taxation
The Netherlands	The Netherlands	ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		13,141		6,396		239,342		2,940		812
Belgium	Belgium	ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,893		3,041		119,068		1,093		455
	Luxembourg	ING Luxembourg S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		777		298		14,748		68		27
Rest of Europe	Poland	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,664		1,119		29,976		444		112
	Germany	ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		4,587		2,477		138,185		1,405		448
	Romania	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,968		314		5,940		135		23
	Spain	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,135		509		23,858		97		25
	Italy	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		838		336		16,728		–4		7
	UK	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		603		550		78,573		324		76
	France1	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		591		310		10,678		93		32
	Russia	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	Wholesale banking		270		136		1,607		78		20
	Czech Republic	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		245		–5		5,640		–55		–11
	Hungary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		146		32		1,003				2
	Slovakia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		497		14		677		2		1
	Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	Wholesale banking		106		30		321		9		2
	Austria	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		225		80		682		25		–1
	Bulgaria	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		70		9		268		–2
	Ireland	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		43		57		2,337		47		6
	Portugal	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		11		14		667		9		3
	Switzerland	Branch of ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking		204		224		9,737		145		38
North America	Canada	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Wholesale banking						2
	USA	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	Wholesale banking		564		724		42,873		371		134
Latin America	Brazil	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		78		47		1,184		16		4
	Colombia	ING Capital Colombia S.A.S.	Wholesale banking		2		1		2
	Mexico	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	Wholesale banking		8		1		2		–2
Asia	China	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		81		35		2,298		7		–2
	Japan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		35		33		2,238		17		11
	Singapore	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		512		297		25,803		133		9
	Hong Kong	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		108		94		7,850		55		7
	Philippines	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		604		18		322		6		2
	South Korea	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		82		55		4,602		21		6
	Taiwan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		33		23		3,910		11
	Indonesia	PT ING Securities	Wholesale banking
		Indonesia			5		1		6
	Malaysia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		5				29		–1
	India	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking				1		2		1
	Turkey	ING Bank A.S.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		5,221		741		13,798		267		54
	United Arab Emirates	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		10						–2
Australia	Australia	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	Retail banking		1,143		577		37,982		330		235
Other	Mauritius	ING Mauritius Ltd.	Investment management				1		939
Total					51,504		18,590		843,878		8,085		2,539

1 Public subsidies received, as defined in article 89 of the CRD IV, amounts to EUR 0.5 million.

Australia has a very high tax charge due to a tax charge at ING Australia Holdings Ltd related to the years 2007-2013, for which a full reimbursement is expected to be received from NN Group. Although the impact on net result was nil, this special item affected both the tax and ‘other income’ line in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Due to the tax reforms in the US and Belgium, which resulted in a tax charge to record a reduction in deferred tax assets, the tax charge is significantly higher.

Austria, China, Singapore and Taiwan all have lower tax charges due to prior year adjustments.

Additional information by country
2016
Geographical area	Country/Tax jurisdiction	Name of principal subsidiary	Main activity	Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		Total Income		Total assets		Result before tax		Taxation
The Netherlands	The Netherlands	ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		13,660		6,367		292,255		1,941		493
Belgium	Belgium	ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		9,348		3,057		131,431		457		109
	Luxembourg	ING Luxembourg S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		793		274		10,783		138		32
Rest of Europe	Poland	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,735		992		26,581		379		90
	Germany	ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		4,341		2,117		134,902		1,187		377
	Romania	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,806		288		5,456		123		21
	Spain	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,116		498		23,309		197		51
	Italy	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		833		376		15,920		100		33
	UK	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		599		504		29,830		290		154
	France1	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		613		280		8,614		56		18
	Russia	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	Wholesale banking		276		118		2,008		69		7
	Czech Republic	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		220		77		3,653		40		8
	Hungary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		152		37		1,358		–1		3
	Slovakia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		400		14		715		3		1
	Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	Wholesale banking		111		59		622		47		7
	Austria	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		196		86		360		37		–4
	Bulgaria	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		76		9		274		–		–
	Ireland	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		42		53		1,910		54		7
	Portugal	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		11		14		642		10		3
	Switzerland	Branch of ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking		192		187		9,150		122		33
North America	Canada	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Wholesale banking		–		–		1		–		–
	USA	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	Wholesale banking		519		732		42,571		377		110
Latin America	Brazil	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		70		43		2,097		13		–
	Colombia	ING Capital Colombia S.A.S.	Wholesale banking		2		–		1		–		–
	Mexico	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	Wholesale banking		7		1		2		–1		–
Asia	China	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		72		36		2,049		7		–2
	Japan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		33		36		3,702		22		9
	Singapore	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		502		194		25,780		22		5
	Hong Kong	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		106		80		5,964		40		7
	Philippines	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		423		17		402		4		–2
	South Korea	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		87		46		4,107		14		–1
	Taiwan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		32		15		2,484		3		1
	Indonesia	PT ING Securities Indonesia	Wholesale banking		5		1		7		–		–
	Malaysia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		5		–		3		–		–
	India	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		–		–		2		–		–
	Turkey	ING Bank A.S.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		5,497		757		15,864		225		45
	United Arab Emirates	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		10		–		1		–2		–
Australia	Australia	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	Retail banking		1,053		505		36,691		309		90
Other	Mauritius	ING Mauritius Ltd.	Investment management		–		32		715		32		–
Total					51,943		17,902		842,216		6,314		1,705

1 Public subsidies received, as defined in article 89 of the CRD IV, amounts to EUR 1 million (2015: EUR 3 million).

The UK has a high tax charge due to changes in tax law and prior year adjustments.

Russia, China, Philippines and South Korea all have lower tax charges due to prior year adjustments.

Austria has an inverse tax charge due to the recognition of a tax asset for previously unrecognised tax losses.

Brazil has a low tax charge due to the combination of relatively high exempt income with a decreased profit.

Mauritius has no tax charge as the partial sale of Kotak Mahindra Bank shares in September 2016 was tax exempt.

Additional information by country
2015
Geographical area	Country/Tax jurisdiction	Name of principal subsidiary	Main activity	Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		Total Income		Total assets2		Result before tax		Taxation
The Netherlands	The Netherlands2	ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		14,586		6,427		468,506		2,060		678
Belgium	Belgium	ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		9,645		3,091		130,916		1,109		329
	Luxembourg	ING Luxembourg S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		774		298		9,331		166		35
Rest of Europe	Poland	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,713		903		25,666		317		60
	Germany	ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		4,052		2,000		126,171		1,044		353
	Romania	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,596		221		4,685		78		13
	Spain	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,076		423		24,457		144		52
	Italy	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		824		202		15,828		–87		–15
	UK	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		642		556		32,156		362		–19
	France1	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		625		256		7,489		67		23
	Russia	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	Wholesale banking		288		185		2,520		131		32
	Czech Republic	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		211		64		2,519		30		5
	Hungary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		162		46		1,129		13		5
	Slovakia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		265		13		573		8		2
	Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	Wholesale banking		120		46		616		27		5
	Austria	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Retail banking		169		93		321		51		9
	Bulgaria	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		76		10		267		–2		–
	Ireland	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		39		64		1,697		36		5
	Portugal	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		2		3		616		3		1
	Switzerland	Branch of ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking		177		187		6,927		105		30
North America	Canada	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Wholesale banking		–		–		–		–		–
	USA	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	Wholesale banking		492		720		47,784		423		122
Latin America	Brazil	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		56		48		1,496		32		12
	Mexico	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	Wholesale banking		8		–		1		–		–
Asia	China	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		59		39		1,551		16		10
	Japan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		30		31		6,772		20		9
	Singapore	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		472		386		19,111		230		30
	Hong Kong	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		103		85		5,052		49		1
	Philippines	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		249		22		436		5		3
	South Korea	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		68		53		3,642		23		6
	Taiwan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		34		23		1,744		12		1
	Indonesia	PT ING Securities	Wholesale banking
		Indonesia			5		1		7		–		–
	Malaysia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		4		–		4		–		–
	India	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		–		–		2		–		–
	Turkey	ING Bank A.S.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		6,070		641		17,544		155		34
	United Arab Emirates	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		7		–		–		–1		–
Australia	Australia	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	Retail banking		1,021		490		33,507		328		92
Other	Mauritius	ING Mauritius Ltd.	Investment management		–		380		1,186		380		–
Total					52,720		18,007		1,002,228		7,334		1,924

1 Public subsidies received, as defined in article 89 of the CRD IV, amounted to EUR 3 million in 2015.

2 Included in Total assets – the Netherlands, is EUR 2,153 million related to the Investment in associate held for sale, NN Group.

The Netherlands has a high tax charge, partly due to the non-deductible Dutch bank tax and partly due to the recognition of a deferred tax liability regarding previously deducted (UK) branch losses.

The UK has a low tax charge due to the recognition of previously unrecognised tax losses carried forward.

Mauritius has no tax charge, due to an unrealised tax exempt result, following the merger of ING Vysya with Kotak in April 2015.

XML

Pension and other post-employment benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Pension and other post-employment benefits

35 Pension and other post-employment benefits

Most group companies sponsor defined contribution pension plans. The assets of all ING Group’s defined contribution plans are held in independently administered funds. Contributions are generally determined as a percentage of remuneration. For the defined contribution scheme in the Netherlands, the premium paid is also dependant on the interest rate developments and DNB’s methodology for determining the ultimate forward rate. These plans do not give rise to provisions in the statement of financial position, other than relating to short-term timing differences included in other assets/liabilities.

ING Group maintains defined benefit retirement plans in some countries. These plans provide benefits that are related to the remuneration and service of employees upon retirement. The benefits in some of these plans are subject to various forms of indexation. The indexation is, in some cases, at the discretion of management; in other cases it is dependent upon the sufficiency of plan assets.

Annual contributions are paid to the funds at a rate necessary to adequately finance the accrued liabilities of the plans calculated in accordance with local legal requirements. Plans in all countries are designed to comply with applicable local regulations governing investments and funding levels.

ING Group provides other post-employment benefits to certain employees and former employees. These are primarily post-employment healthcare benefits and discounts on ING products provided to employees and former employees.

Statement of financial position - Net defined benefit asset/liability

Plan assets and defined benefit obligation per country
	Plan assets				Defined benefit obligation				Funded Status
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
The Netherlands		408		414		568		576		–160		–162
United States		176		182		233		243		–57		–61
United Kingdom		1,864		1,983		1,326		1,377		538		606
Belgium		597		641		672		776		–75		–135
Other countries		161		117		341		277		–180		–160
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/liability)		3,206		3,337		3,140		3,249		66		88
Presented as:
– Other assets										542		609
– Other liabilities										–476		–521
										66		88

The most recent (actuarial) valuations of the plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation were carried out as at 31 December 2017. The present value of the defined benefit obligation, and the related current service cost and past service cost, were determined using the projected unit credit method.

Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the period were as follows:

Changes in fair value of plan assets
	2017		2016
Opening balance		3,337		3,141
Interest income		70		87
Remeasurements: Return on plan assets excluding amounts included in interest income		52		467
Employer’s contribution		24		76
Participants contributions		2		2
Benefits paid		–186		–137
Exchange rate differences		–93		–299
Closing balance		3,206		3,337
Actual return on the plan assets		122		554

As at 31 December 2017 the various defined benefit plans did not hold any direct investments in ING Groep N.V. (2016: nil). During 2017 there were no purchases or sales of assets between ING and the pension fund.

ING does not manage the pension funds and thus receives no compensation for fund management. The pension fund has not engaged ING in any swap or derivative transactions to manage the risk of the pension funds.

No plan assets are expected to be returned to ING Group during 2018.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation and other post-employment benefits for the period were as follows:

Changes in defined benefit obligation and other post-employment benefits
	Defined benefit obligation				Other post-employment benefits
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		3,249		2,996		87		98
Current service cost		34		32		–3		–25
Interest cost		66		79		3		3
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions		–7		–17		9		10
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions		71		498
Participants’ contributions		2		1
Benefits paid		–189		–148		–1		–1
Past service cost				2
Effect of curtailment or settlement		–3		–2
Exchange rate differences		–83		–192		–8		2
Closing balance		3,140		3,249		87		87

Amounts recognised directly in Other comprehensive income (equity) were as follows:

Changes in the net defined benefit assets/liability remeasurement reserve
	2017		2016
Opening balance		–371		–306
Remeasurement of plan assets		52		467
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions		7		17
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions		–71		–498
Taxation		–17		–51
Total Other comprehensive income movement for the year		–29		–65
Closing balance		–400		–371

In 2017, EUR 52 million Remeasurement of plan assets and EUR -71 million Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions are mainly due to a decrease in discount rates.

The accumulated amount of remeasurements recognised directly in Other comprehensive income (equity) is EUR -476 million (EUR -400 million after tax) as at 31 December 2017 (2016: EUR -483 million, EUR -371 million after tax).

Amounts recognised in statement of profit or loss related to pension and other staff related benefits are as follows:

Pension and other staff-related benefit costs
	Net defined benefit asset/liability						Other post-employment benefits						Other						Total
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Current service cost		34		32		34		–3		–25		–7		–2		11		–8		29		18		19
Past service cost				2		–11																2		–11
Net Interest cost		–4		–8		–9		3		3		1		1		2		2				–3		–6
Effect of curtailment or settlement		–3		–2		–3						–9						–52		–3		–2		–64
Other																		13						13
Defined benefit plans		27		24		11		–		–22		–15		–1		13		–45		26		15		–49
Defined contribution plans																				355		329		324
																				381		344		275

Determination of the net defined benefit asset/liability

The defined net benefit asset/liability is reviewed and adjusted annually. The assumptions used in the determination of the net defined benefit asset/liability and the Other post-employment benefits include discount rates, mortality rates, expected rates of salary increases (excluding promotion increases), and indexation. The rates used for salary developments, interest discount factors, and other adjustments reflect country-specific conditions

The key assumption in the determination of the net defined benefit asset/liability is the discount rate. The discount rate is the weighted average of the discount rates that are applied in different regions where the Group has defined benefit pension plans (weighted by defined benefit obligation). The discount rate is based on a methodology that uses market yields on high quality corporate bonds of the specific regions with durations matching the pension liabilities as key input. Market yields of high quality corporate bonds reflect the yield on corporate bonds with an AA rating for durations where such yields are available. An extrapolation is applied in order to determine the yield to the longer durations for which no AA-rated corporate bonds are available. As a result of the limited availability of long-duration AA-rated corporate bonds, extrapolation is an important element of the determination of the discount rate. The weighted average discount rate applied for net defined benefit asset/liability for 2017 was 2.00% (2.10% in 2016) based on the pension plan in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, The United States of America, and the United Kingdom. The average discount rate for Other post-employment benefits 3.20% (3.50% in 2016).

Sensitivity analysis of key assumptions

ING performs sensitivity analysis on the most significant assumptions: discount rates, mortality, expected rate of salary increase, and indexation. The sensitivity analysis has been carried out under the assumption the changes occurred at the end of the reporting period.

The sensitivity analysis calculates the financial impact on the defined benefit obligation if the weighted averages of each significant actuarial assumption would increase or decrease if all other assumptions were held constant. In practice, this is unlikely to occur, and some changes of the assumptions may be correlated. Changes to mortality, expected rate or salary increase, and indexation would have no material impact to the defined benefit obligation. The most significant impact would be from a change in the discount rate. An increase or decrease in the discount rate of 1% creates a financial impact of EUR -480 million and EUR 619 million respectively.

Expected cash flows

Annual contributions are paid to the funds at a rate necessary to adequately finance the accrued liabilities of the plans calculated in accordance with local legal requirements. Plans in all countries are designed to comply with applicable local regulations governing investments and funding levels. ING Group’s subsidiaries should fund the cost of the entitlements expected to be earned on a yearly basis.

For 2018 the expected contributions to pension plans are EUR 32 million.

The benefit payments for defined benefit and other post-employment benefits expected to be made by the plan between 2018-2022 are estimated to be between EUR 91 million and EUR 112 million per annum. From 2023 to 2027 the total payments made by the plan are expected to be EUR 423 million.

XML

Taxation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Taxation

36 Taxation

Statement of financial position - Deferred tax

Deferred taxes are recognised on all temporary differences under the liability method using tax rates applicable in the jurisdictions in which ING Group is subject to taxation.

Changes in deferred tax

2017

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2016

Change through equity

Change through net result

Exchange rate differences

Changes in the composition of the group and other changes

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2017

Investments

–799

123

116

5

–555

Investment properties

–5

–5

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

697

–290

12

419

Depreciation

–33

5

4

–24

Cash flow hedges

–238

167

–1

–72

Pension and post-employment benefits

112

–25

–6

–5

76

Other provisions

255

–48

–6

–3

198

Receivables

570

49

–5

614

Loans and advances to customers

491

–2

–210

279

Unused tax losses carried forward

57

–60

–5

–8

Other

–90

–10

–80

2

–178

1,017

253

–524

1

–3

744

Presented in the statement of financial position as:

– deferred tax liabilities

–624

–362

– deferred tax assets

1,641

1,106

1,017

744

The deferred tax balance recorded under ‘Unused tax losses carried forward’ is the balance of recognised deferred assets (DTA) for unused tax losses carried forward and the deferred tax liability (DTL) recorded regarding previously deducted UK tax losses in the Netherlands. Due to increased profitability in the United Kingdom (UK) all UK carry forward losses have been recognised during 2017 and a corresponding DTL in the Netherlands has been taken up accordingly. The DTA and DTL amount to EUR 128 million and EUR -136 million respectively creating a net deferred tax liability of EUR -8 million.

Changes in deferred tax

2016

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2015

Change through equity

Change through net result

Exchange rate differences

Changes in the composition of the group and other changes

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2016

Investments

–780

74

–82

–10

–1

–799

Investment properties

–2

–3

–5

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

739

–58

16

697

Depreciation

–46

13

–33

Cash flow hedges

–192

–51

4

1

–238

Pension and post-employment benefits

201

–20

–84

15

112

Other provisions

24

228

2

1

255

Receivables

441

120

9

570

Loans and advances to customers

788

–248

–7

–42

491

Unused tax losses carried forward

118

–34

–24

–3

57

Other

–97

–1

–32

40

–90

1,194

2

–180

45

–44

1,017

Presented in the statement of financial position as:

– deferred tax liabilities

–589

–624

– deferred tax assets

1,783

1,641

1,194

1,017

Deferred tax in connection with unused tax losses carried forward
	2017			2016
Total unused tax losses carried forward		1,732			1,876
Unused tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset		1,074			973
Unused tax losses carried forward recognised as a deferred tax asset		658			903
Average tax rate		19.5	%		22.5	%
Deferred tax asset		128			203

Total unused tax losses carried forward analysed by expiry terms
	No deferred tax asset recognised				Deferred tax asset recognised
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Within 1 year		2		2				2
More than 1 year but less than 5 years		350		383		38		56
More than 5 years but less than 10 years		31		30
More than 10 years but less than 20 years		18		18
Unlimited		673		540		620		845
		1,074		973		658		903

The above mentioned deferred tax of EUR 128 million (2016: EUR 203 million) and the related unused tax losses carried forward exclude the deferred tax liability recorded in the Netherlands with respect to the recapture of previously deducted UK tax losses in the Netherlands for the amount of EUR -136 million (2016: EUR -146 million). The comparative figures in the two tables above have been adjusted accordingly.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for temporary deductible differences, for tax losses carried forward and unused tax credits only to the extent that realisation of the related tax benefit is probable.

Breakdown of certain net deferred tax asset positions by jurisdiction
	2017		2016
Italy		107		113
		107		113

The table above includes a breakdown of certain net deferred tax asset positions by jurisdiction for which the utilisation is dependent on future taxable profits whilst the related entities have incurred losses in either the current or the preceding year. In 2017, the aggregate amount for the most significant entities is EUR 107 million (2016: EUR 113 million).

Recognition is based on the fact that it is probable that the entity will have taxable profits and/or can utilise tax planning opportunities before expiration of the deferred tax assets. Changes in circumstances in future periods may adversely impact the assessment of the recoverability. The uncertainty of the recoverability is taken into account in establishing the deferred tax assets.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, ING Groep N.V. had no significant temporary differences associated with the parent company’s investments in subsidiaries as any economic benefit from those investments will not be taxable at parent company level.

Statement of profit or loss – Taxation

Taxation by type
	Netherlands						International						Total
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Current taxation		488		150		–42		1,527		1,375		1,413		2,015		1,525		1,371
Deferred taxation		324		343		694		200		–163		–141		524		180		553
		812		493		652		1,727		1,212		1,272		2,539		1,705		1,924

The deferred tax charge in 2016 in the Netherlands has decreased and the current tax charge has increased as a result of the full utilisation of prior year tax losses.

Reconciliation of the weighted average statutory income tax rate to ING Group’s effective income tax rate
	2017			20161			2015
Result before tax from continuing operations		8,085			6,314			7,334
Weighted average statutory tax rate		27.5	%		27.1	%		26.9	%
Weighted average statutory tax amount		2,226			1,708			1,975
Participation exemption		–45			–72			–34
Other income not subject to tax		–74			–111			–162
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes		156			132			154
Impact on deferred tax from change in tax rates		55			–1			12
Deferred tax benefit from previously unrecognised amounts		–4			–18			54
Current tax from previously unrecognised amounts		66			–22			–63
Write-off/reversal of deferred tax assets		2			33			18
State and local taxes		47			33
Adjustment to prior periods		110			23			–30
Effective tax amount		2,539			1,705			1,924
Effective tax rate		31.4	%		27.0	%		26.2	%

1 ‘Other income not subject to tax’ and Expenses not deductible for tax purposes’ have been adjusted to reflect the impact of income taxes other than corporate (statutory) income tax on the line ‘State and local taxes’.    

The weighted average statutory tax rate in 2017 does not significantly differ compared to 2016.    

The effective tax rate in 2017 is 31.4%.    

The effective tax rate in 2017 is significantly higher than the weighted average statutory tax rate. This was caused by the following items:

• A relatively high amount of prior period tax adjustments which ING, for the most part is expected to be reimbursed by NN Group (reimbursement is included in the result before tax), recorded under ‘Adjustment to prior periods’;

• Impact on deferred tax positions following changes in the income tax rate in the USA and Belgium, recorded under ‘Impact on deferred tax from change in tax rates’; and

• The recapture of previously deducted UK tax losses in the Netherlands due to increased profitability in the United Kingdom, recorded under ‘Current tax from previously unrecognised amounts’.

The effective tax rate in 2016 is almost equal to the weighted average statutory tax rate. This is mainly caused by the fact the non- taxable income and the recognition of tax benefits from previously unrecognised amounts are almost fully offset by non-deductible expenses, and the write-off of deferred tax assets and the adjustments to prior periods.

The effective tax rate in 2015 was lower than the weighted average statutory tax rate. This was mainly caused by non-taxable income, the recognition of tax benefits from previously unrecognised amounts and prior year adjustments which were only partly offset by non-deductible items.

Tax exempt income (participation exemption) mainly includes non-taxable income on divestments, tax exempt share in result from associates and joint ventures and tax exempt gains on financial assets.

Equity - Other comprehensive income

Income tax related to components of other comprehensive income
	2017		2016		2015
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations		103		17		111
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss (reclassifications from equity to profit or loss)		20		57		39
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		167		–51		24
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability		–25		–20		–13
Exchange rate differences and other						–46
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		–12		–1
Total income tax related to components of other comprehensive income		253		2		115

Tax Contingency    

The contingent liability in connection with taxation in the Netherlands refers to a possible obligation arising from the deduction from Dutch taxable profit of losses incurred by ING Bank in the United Kingdom in previous years. The existence of this obligation will be confirmed only by the occurrence of future profits in the United Kingdom.

XML

Fair value of assets and liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Fair value of assets and liabilities

37 Fair value of assets and liabilities    

a) Financial assets and liabilities    

The following table presents the estimated fair values of ING Group’s financial assets and liabilities. Certain items per the statement of financial position are not included in the table, as they do not meet the definition of a financial asset or liability. The aggregation of the fair values presented below does not represent, and should not be construed as representing, the underlying value of ING Group.    

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities
	Estimated fair value				Statement of financial position value
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial assets
Cash and balances with central banks		21,989		18,144		21,989		18,144
Loans and advances to banks		28,911		28,940		28,811		28,858
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
– trading assets		116,748		114,504		116,748		114,504
– non-trading derivatives		2,231		2,490		2,231		2,490
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4,242		5,099		4,242		5,099
Investments
– available-for-sale		69,730		82,912		69,730		82,912
– held-to-maturity		9,378		8,809		9,343		8,751
Loans and advances to customers		588,998		578,596		571,909		560,154
Other assets1		11,744		13,258		11,744		13,258
		853,971		852,752		836,747		834,170
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks		36,868		32,352		36,821		31,964
Customer deposits		540,547		523,850		539,828		522,908
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– trading liabilities		73,596		83,167		73,596		83,167
– non-trading derivatives		2,331		3,541		2,331		3,541
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		11,215		12,266		11,215		12,266
Other liabilities2		14,488		15,247		14,488		15,247
Debt securities in issue		96,736		103,559		96,086		103,234
Subordinated loans		16,457		17,253		15,968		17,223
		792,238		791,235		790,333		789,550

1 Other assets do not include, among others: (deferred) tax assets, net defined benefit asset, inventory, property development and property obtained from foreclosures. 2016 figure has been changed to conform to the current year presentation

2 Other liabilities do not include, among others: (deferred) tax liabilities, net defined benefit and related employee benefit liabilities, reorganisation and other provisions ,and other taxation and social security contributions.

Valuation Methods

The estimated fair values represent the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is a market-based measurement, which is based on assumptions that market participants would use and takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability. Fair values of financial assets and liabilities are based on quoted prices in active market where available. When such quoted prices are not available, the fair value is determined by using valuation techniques.

ING uses unadjusted quotes where available. Unadjusted quoted prices are primarily obtained from exchange prices for listed financial instruments. Where an exchange price is not available, quoted market prices in active markets may be obtained from independent market vendors, brokers, or market makers. In general, positions are valued at the bid price for a long position and at the offer price for a short position or are valued at the price within the bid-offer spread that is most representative of fair value at the date of valuation.

For certain financial assets and liabilities quoted market prices are not available. For these financial assets and liabilities, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques range from discounting of cash flows to various valuation models, where relevant pricing factors including the market price of underlying reference instruments, market parameters (e.g. volatilities, correlations and credit ratings), and customer behaviour are taken into account. ING maximises the use of market observable inputs and minimises the use of unobservable input in determining the fair value. The fair value can be subjective dependent on the significance of the unobservable input to the overall valuation. All valuation techniques used are subject to internal review and approval. Data used in these valuation techniques are validated on a daily basis when possible.

When a group of financial assets and financial liabilities are managed on the basis of their net risk exposures, it measures the fair value of a group of financial assets or liabilities on net portfolio level.

Control framework

To determine whether the valuations based upon data inputs have led to an appropriate fair value, the process of independent price verification (‘IPV’) or price testing is applied. This is done to ensure the appropriate reflection of these valuations in balance sheet and the profit and loss accounts. IPV tests and confirms the reliability of the market data used in these valuations and can lead to adjustments in valuation. The IPV process is performed at least monthly or more frequently depending on the nature of the market or trading activity. Multiple data sources are used to the extent that such prices are available and taking into account cost-benefit ratio of retrieving such prices. Valuation differences between primary and secondary source data are assessed. When differences resulting from price testing exceed pre-approved thresholds, adjustments to the profit and loss shall be made. Differences and adjustments must be assessed individually, approved by the Local Parameter Committee, and reported back in the meeting minutes. In case a material difference in value is found through the IPV process, it must be fully understood what the underlying cause is for the difference, and if a systematic change is required (e.g. change of source). Pricing and price testing is applied at individual trade level and is organised at a desk level.

Valuation processes are governed by various governance bodies, which include Local Parameter Committees (LPC), Global Price Testing and Impairment Committee (GP&IC), Market Data Committee (MDC), Trading Pricing Model Committee (TPMC) and others. All relevant committees meet on a quarterly basis or more frequent as required. Key valuation controls including product approval process (PARP), IPV, valuation adjustments, and model use is monitored.

The Global Price Testing and Impairment Committee is responsible for the oversight and the approval of the outcome of impairments (other than loan loss provisioning) and valuation- (price-testing) processes which include the use of appropriate models and inputs related to fair valued positions. It oversees the quality and coherence of valuation methodologies and processes. Local Parameter Committees monitor the appropriateness of (quoted) pricing, any other relevant market info, as well as that of pricing models themselves related to the fair valued positions to which they are applied. LPC executes valuation methodology and processes at a local level. Global Price Testing and Impairment Committee oversees market data sources and market data set up / points used for official valuation of positions for fair value. Trading Pricing Model Committee approve and review all pricing models and methodologies for the calculation of market parameters.

Valuation Adjustments

Valuation adjustments are an integral part of the fair value. They are included as part of the fair value to provide better estimation of market exit value on measurement date. ING applies various valuation adjustments including Bid-Offer adjustments, Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA), Debt Valuation Adjustments (DVA), Model Risk Valuation Adjustments, Collateral Valuation Adjustment (CollVA) and Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA). The combination of Credit Valuation adjustment and Debt Valuation adjustment for derivatives is called Bilateral Valuation Adjustment (BVA).

• Bid-Offer adjustments are required to adjust mid-market values to appropriate bid or offer value in order to best represent the exit value, and therefore fair value. It is applicable to financial assets and liabilities that are valued at mid-price initially. In practice this adjustment accounts for the difference in valuation from mid to bid and mid to offer for long and short exposures respectively. In principle assets are valued at the bid prices and liabilities are valued at the offer price. For certain assets or liabilities, where market quoted price is not available, the price within the bid-offer spread that is most representative of fair value is used.

• Bilateral Valuation Adjustment (BVA) is the valuation component for the counterparty credit risk of the derivative contracts. It has bilateral nature, where both counterparty’s credit risk and ING own credit risks are taken into account. The calculation is based on the estimation of the expected exposure, the counterparties’ risk of default, and taking into account the collateral agreements as well as netting agreements. The counterparties’ risk of default is measured by probability of default and expected loss given default, which is based on market information including credit default swap (CDS) spread. Where counterparty CDS spreads are not available, relevant proxy spreads are used. Additionally, wrong-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty is increasing and the credit quality of that counterparty deteriorates) and right-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty is increasing and the credit quality of that counterparty improves) are included in the adjustment.

• ING applies Debt Valuation Adjustment (DVA) to own issued financial liabilities that are measured at fair value through profit or loss, if the credit risk component has not been included in the prices. In the DVA calculation, the default probability of the institution are estimated based on the ING Funding spread.

• Model risk adjustments reduce the risk of possible financial losses resulting from the use of a mis-specified, misapplied, or incorrect implementation of a model.

• Collateral Valuation Adjustment (CollVA) is a derivative valuation adjustment capturing specific features of CSA (Credit Support Annex) with a counterparty that the regular OIS (Overnight Index Swap) discounting framework does not capture. Non-standard CSA features may include deviations in relation to the currency in which ING posts or receives collateral, deviations in remuneration rate on collateral which may pay lower or higher rate than overnight rate or even no interest at all. Other deviations can be posting securities rather than cash as collateral.

• ING applies an additional ‘funding valuation adjustment’ (FVA) to address the funding costs associated with the collateral funding asymmetry on uncollateralized or partially collateralized derivatives in the portfolio. This adjustment is based on the expected exposure profiles of the uncollateralized or partially collateralized OTC derivatives and market-based funding spreads.

The following methods and assumptions were used by ING Group to estimate the fair value of the financial instruments:

a.1) Financial assets

Cash and balances with central banks

The carrying amount of cash approximates its fair value.

Loans and advances to banks

The fair values of receivables from banks are generally based on quoted market prices or, if unquoted, on estimates based on discounting future cash flows using available market interest rates including appropriate spreads offered for receivables with similar characteristics, similar to Loans and advances to customers described below.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and Investments

Derivatives

Derivatives contracts can either be exchange-traded or over the counter (OTC). The fair value of exchange-traded derivatives is determined using quoted market prices in an active market and those derivatives are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. For those instruments not actively traded, fair values are estimated based on valuation techniques. OTC derivatives and derivatives trading in an inactive market are valued using valuation techniques because quoted market prices in an active market are not available for such instruments. The valuation techniques and inputs depend on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instruments. The principal techniques used to value these instruments are based on (amongst others) discounted cash flows option pricing models and Monte Carlo simulation. These valuation models calculate the present value of expected future cash flows, based on ‘no-arbitrage’ principles. These models are commonly used in the financial industry. Inputs to valuation models are determined from observable market data where possible. Certain inputs may not be observable in the market directly, but can be determined from observable prices via valuation model calibration procedures. The inputs used include for example prices available from exchanges, dealers, brokers or providers of pricing, yield curves, credit spreads, default rates, recovery rates, dividend rates, volatility of underlying interest rates, equity prices, and foreign currency exchange rates. These inputs are determined with reference to quoted prices, recently executed trades, independent market quotes and consensus data, where available.

For uncollateralised OTC derivatives, ING applies Credit Valuation Adjustment to correctly reflect the counterparty credit risk in the valuation. The technique for calculating CVA is based on Monte Carlo simulation and uses various input including counterparty credit spread, market interest rates, and market exchanges rates. The counterparty credit spreads are based on counterparty CDS spread where available. Otherwise, the indexed proxy CDS spreads are used.

Equity securities

The fair values of publicly traded equity securities are based on quoted market prices when available. Where no quoted market prices are available, fair value is determined based on quoted prices for similar securities or other valuation techniques.

The fair value of private equity is based on quoted market prices, if available. In the absence of quoted prices in an active market, fair value is estimated on the basis of an analysis of the investee’s financial position and results, risk profile, prospects, price, earnings comparisons and revenue multiples, and by reference to market valuations for similar entities quoted in an active market.

Debt securities

Fair values for debt securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. Quoted market prices may be obtained from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service, or regulatory service. The quoted prices from non-exchange sources are assessed to determine if they are tradable prices. This distinction determines where it falls in the fair value hierarchy.

If quoted prices in an active market are not available, fair value is based on an analysis of available market inputs, which may include consensus prices obtained from one or more pricing services or by a valuation technique that discounts expected future cash flows using a market interest rate curves, referenced credit spreads, maturity of the investment, and estimated prepayment rates where applicable.

Loans and receivables

Reference is made to Loans and advances to customers below.

Loans and advances to customers

For loans and advances that are repriced frequently and have had no significant changes in credit risk, carrying amounts represent a reasonable estimate of the fair value. The fair value of other loans is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using a discount rate that reflects credit risk, liquidity, and other current market conditions. The fair value of mortgage loans is estimated by taking into account prepayment behaviour. Loans with similar characteristics are aggregated for calculation purposes.

Other assets

The other assets are stated at their carrying value which is not significantly different from their fair value.

a.2) Financial liabilities

Deposits from banks

The fair values of payables to banks are generally based on quoted market prices or, if not available, on estimates based on discounting future cash flows using available market interest rates and credit spreads for payables to banks with similar characteristics.

Customer deposits

The carrying values of customer deposits with an immediate on demand features approximate their fair values. The fair values of deposits with fixed contractual terms have been estimated based on discounting future cash flows using the interest rates currently applicable to deposits of similar maturities.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

The fair values of securities in the trading portfolio and other liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are based on quoted market prices, where available. For those securities not actively traded, fair values are estimated based on internal discounted cash flow valuation techniques using interest rates and credit spreads that apply to similar instruments. Reference is made to Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss above.

Other liabilities

The other liabilities are stated at their carrying value which is not significantly different from their fair value.

Debt securities in issue

The fair value of debt securities in issue is generally based on quoted market prices, or if not available, on estimated prices by discounting expected future cash flows using a current market interest rate and credit spreads applicable to the yield, credit quality and maturity.

Subordinated loans

The fair value of publicly traded subordinated loans are based on quoted market prices when available. Where no quoted market prices are available, fair value of the subordinated loans is estimated using discounted cash flows based on interest rates and credit spreads that apply to similar instruments.

a.3) Fair value hierarchy

ING Group has categorised its financial instruments that are either measured in the statement of financial position at fair value or of which the fair value is disclosed, into a three level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to (unadjusted) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to valuation techniques supported by unobservable inputs. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide reliable pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value hierarchy consists of three levels, depending upon whether fair values were determined based on (unadjusted) quoted prices in an active market (Level 1), valuation techniques with observable inputs (Level 2) or valuation techniques that incorporate inputs which are unobservable and which have a more than insignificant impact on the fair value of the instrument (Level 3). Financial assets in Level 3 include for example illiquid debt securities, complex derivatives, certain complex loans (for which current market information about similar assets to use as observable, corroborated data for all significant inputs into a valuation model is not available), and asset backed securities for which there is no active market and a wide dispersion in quoted prices.

Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs which are based on the Group’s own assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, developed based on the best information available in the market. Unobservable inputs may include volatility, correlation, spreads to discount rates, default rates and recovery rates, prepayment rates, and certain credit spreads. Transfers into and transfers out of fair value hierarchy levels are made on a quarterly basis.

Level 1 - (Unadjusted) quoted prices in active markets

This category includes financial instruments whose fair value is determined directly by reference to (unadjusted) quoted prices in an active market that ING Group can access. A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer markets, brokered markets, or principal to principal markets. Those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Transfers out of Level 1 into Level 2 or Level 3 occur when ING Group establishes that markets are no longer active and therefore (unadjusted) quoted prices no longer provide reliable pricing information.

Level 2 - Valuation technique supported by observable inputs

This category includes financial instruments whose fair value is based on market observables other than (unadjusted) quoted prices. The fair value for financial instruments in this category can be determined by reference to quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, but for which the prices are modified based on other market observable external data or reference to quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. These prices can be obtained from a third party pricing service. ING analyses how the prices are derived and determines whether the prices are liquid tradable prices or model based consensus prices taking various data as inputs.

For financial instruments that do not have a reference price available, fair value is determined using a valuation technique (e.g. a model), where inputs in the model are taken from an active market or are observable, such as interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals, implied volatilities, and credit spreads.

If certain inputs in the model are unobservable, the instrument is still classified in this category, provided that the impact of those unobservable inputs on the overall valuation is insignificant. The notion of significant is particularly relevant for the distinction between Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities. ING Group has chosen to align the definition of significant with the 90% confidence range as captured in the prudent value definition by EBA. Unobservable parameters are shifted down and upwards to reach this 90% confidence range. The same 90% confidence range is applied to model uncertainty. If the combined change in asset value resulting from the shift of the unobservable parameters and the model uncertainty exceeds the threshold, the asset is classified as Level 3. A value change below the threshold results in a Level 2 classification.

Valuation techniques used for Level 2 assets and liabilities range from discounting of cash flows to various industry standard valuation models such as option pricing model and Monte Carlo simulation model, where relevant pricing factors including the market price of underlying reference instruments, market parameters (volatilities, correlations, and credit ratings), and customer behaviour are taken into account.

Level 3 - Valuation technique supported by unobservable inputs

This category includes financial instruments whose fair value is determined using a valuation technique (e.g. a model) for which more than an insignificant part of the inputs in terms of the overall valuation are not market observable. This category also includes financial assets and liabilities whose fair value is determined by reference to price quotes but for which the market is considered inactive. An instrument in its entirety is classified as Level 3 if a significant portion of the instrument’s fair value is driven by unobservable inputs. Unobservable in this context means that there is little or no current market data available from which to derive a price that an unrelated, informed buyer would purchase the asset or liability at.

Financial instruments at fair value

The fair values of the financial instruments were determined as follows:

Methods applied in determining fair values of financial assets and liabilities (carried at fair value)
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial Assets
Trading assets		20,114		17,652		95,530		95,629		1,104		1,223		116,748		114,504
Non-trading derivatives				3		2,146		2,231		85		256		2,231		2,490
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss		319		502		3,558		4,141		365		456		4,242		5,099
Available-for-sale investments		65,310		76,238		3,940		6,153		480		521		69,730		82,912
		85,743		94,395		105,174		108,154		2,034		2,456		192,951		205,005
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities		5,770		6,139		66,753		75,650		1,073		1,378		73,596		83,167
Non-trading derivatives						2,263		3,517		68		24		2,331		3,541
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss		1,285		1,348		9,829		10,795		101		123		11,215		12,266
		7,055		7,487		78,845		89,962		1,242		1,525		87,142		98,974

Main changes in fair value hierarchy    

There were no significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 in 2017 and 2016.

There were no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the 2017 and 2016.

Changes in Level 3 Financial assets
	Trading assets				Non-trading derivatives				Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss				Available- for-sale investments				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		1,223		1,146		256		168		456		338		521		693		2,456		2,345
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3		–232		226		–45		–34		4		76				200		–273		468
Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income during the period2,4														–5		–144		–5		–144
Purchase of assets		610		77		–9		5		226		193		62		68		889		343
Sale of assets		–326		–71		–92		–4		–1		–76		–43		–183		–462		–334
Maturity/settlement		–141		–135		–2				–1				–24		–9		–168		–144
Reclassifications														7		–92		7		–92
Transfers into Level 3		9		21				62								5		9		88
Transfers out of Level 3		–37		–43		–23				–319		–75		–13				–392		–118
Exchange rate differences		–2		3										–24		8		–26		11
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes				–1				59						–1		–25		–1		33
Closing balance		1,104		1,223		85		256		365		456		480		521		2,034		2,456

¹  Net gains/losses were recorded in income from trading activities in continuing operations herein as ‘Valuation results and net trading income’ in the statement of profit or loss.

²  Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income is included on the line ‘Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investements and other revaluations’.

³  ‘Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the year’ has been renamed to ‘Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period’.

⁴  ‘Revaluation recognised in equity during the year’ has been renamed to ‘Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income during the period’.

In 2017 and 2016, financial assets were transferred out of Level 3 on the basis that the valuation is not significantly impacted by unobservable inputs.

In 2016, included in ‘Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period’, is EUR 163 million related to the release of revaluation reserves on shares held in VISA Europe Limited.

Changes in Level 3 Financial liabilities
	Trading liabilities				Non-trading derivatives				Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		1,378		1,239		24		1		123		198		1,525		1,438
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2		–105		277		44		12		–6		–3		–67		286
Issue of liabilities		485		53		1		11		14		4		500		68
Early repayment of liabilities		–399		–62		–1		–11		–21		–13		–421		–86
Maturity/settlement		–187		–62										–187		–62
Transfers into Level 3		16		16				11						16		27
Transfers out of Level 3		–111		–86						–9		–63		–120		–149
Exchange rate differences		–4		6										–4		6
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes				–3												–3
Closing balance		1,073		1,378		68		24		101		123		1,242		1,525

1 Net gains/losses were recorded in income from trading activities in continuing operations included herein as ‘Valuation results and net trading income’ in the statement of profit or loss.

2 ‘Amounts recongnised in the statement of profit or loss during the year’ has been renamed to ‘Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period’.

In 2017 and 2016, financial liabilities were transferred out of Level 3 mainly due to the valuation not being significantly impacted by unobservable inputs.

Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period (Level 3)
	Held at balance sheet date				Derecognised during the period				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial assets
Trading assets		–232		226						–232		226
Non-trading derivatives		–45		–34						–45		–34
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4		76						4		76
Available-for-sale investments		–2		–3		2		203				200
		–275		265		2		203		–273		468
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities		–105		277						–105		277
Non-trading derivatives		44		12						44		12
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss		–6		–3						–6		–3
		–67		286		–		–		–67		286

Recognition of unrealised gains and losses in Level 3

Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss relating to unrealised gains and losses during the year that relates to Level 3 assets and liabilities are included in the statement of profit or loss as follows:

• Results on trading assets and trading liabilities are included in Valuation results and net trading income;

• Non-trading derivatives are included in Valuation results and net trading income; and

• Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss are included in Valuation results and net trading income - Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (excluding trading).

Unrealised gains and losses that relate to Available-for-sale investments recognised in Other comprehensive income are included in the Revaluation reserve – Available-for-sale reserve and other.

Level 3 Financial assets and liabilities

Financial assets measured at fair value in the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 of EUR 193 billion includes an amount of EUR 2.0 billion (1.1%) which is classified as Level 3 (31 December 2016: EUR 2.5 billion, being 1.2%). Changes in Level 3 from 31 December 2016 to 31 December 2017 are disclosed above in the table Changes in Level 3 Financial assets.

Financial liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 of EUR 87 billion includes an amount of EUR 1.2 billion (1.4%) which is classified as Level 3 (31 December 2016: EUR 1.5 billion, being 1.5%). Changes in Level 3 from 31 December 2016 to 31 December 2017 are disclosed above in the table ‘Changes in Level 3 Financial liabilities’.

Financial assets and liabilities in Level 3 include both assets and liabilities for which the fair value was determined using valuation techniques that incorporate unobservable inputs and assets and liabilities for which the fair value was determined using quoted prices, but have been adjusted to reflect that the market was not actively trading at or around the balance sheet date. Unobservable inputs are inputs which are based on ING’s own assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Unobservable inputs may include volatility, correlation, spreads to discount rates, default rates and recovery rates, prepayment rates, and certain credit spreads. Valuation techniques that incorporate unobservable inputs are sensitive to the inputs used.

Of the total amount of financial assets classified as Level 3 as at 31 December 2017 of EUR 2.0 billion (31 December 2016: EUR 2.5 billion), an amount of EUR 1.0 billion (49%) (31 December 2016: EUR 1.0 billion, being 42%) is based on unadjusted quoted prices in inactive markets. As ING does not generally adjust quoted prices using its own inputs, there is no significant sensitivity to ING’s own unobservable inputs.

Furthermore, Level 3 financial assets includes approximately EUR 0.4 billion (31 December 2016: EUR 0.5 billion) which relates to financial assets that are part of structures that are designed to be fully neutral in terms of market risk. Such structures include various financial assets and liabilities for which the overall sensitivity to market risk is insignificant. Whereas the fair value of individual components of these structures may be determined using different techniques and the fair value of each of the components of these structures may be sensitive to unobservable inputs, the overall sensitivity is by design not significant.

The remaining EUR 0.6 billion (31 December 2016: EUR 1.0 billion) of the fair value classified in Level 3 financial assets is established using valuation techniques that incorporates certain inputs that are unobservable. This relates mainly to assets that are classified as Available-for-sale investments, for which changes in fair value are recognised in shareholders’ equity and do not directly impact profit or loss.

Of the total amount of financial liabilities classified as Level 3 as at 31 December 2017 of EUR 1.2 billion (31 December 2016: EUR 1.5 billion), an amount of EUR 0.8 billion (66%) (31 December 2016: EUR 0.9 billion, being 59%) is based on unadjusted quoted prices in inactive markets. As ING does not generally adjust quoted prices using its own inputs, there is no significant sensitivity to ING’s own unobservable inputs.

Furthermore, Level 3 financial liabilities includes approximately EUR 0.1 billion (31 December 2016: EUR 0.1 billion) which relates to financial liabilities that are part of structures that are designed to be fully neutral in terms of market risk. As explained above, the fair value of each of the components of these structures may be sensitive to unobservable inputs, but the overall sensitivity is by design not significant.

The remaining EUR 0.3 billion (31 December 2016: EUR 0.5 billion) of the fair value classified in Level 3 financial liabilities is established using valuation techniques that incorporates certain inputs that are unobservable.

The table below provides a summary of the valuation techniques, key unobservable inputs and the lower and upper range of such unobservable inputs, by type of Level 3 asset/liability. The lower and upper range mentioned in the overview represent the lowest and highest variance of the respective valuation input as actually used in the valuation of the different financial instruments. Amounts and percentages stated are unweighted. The range can vary from period to period subject to market movements and change in Level 3 position. Lower and upper bounds reflect the variability of Level 3 positions and their underlying valuation inputs in the portfolio, but do not adequately reflect their level of valuation uncertainty. For valuation uncertainty assessment, reference is made to section Sensitivity analysis of unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Valuation techniques and range of unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Assets				Liabilities				Valuation techniques		Significant unobservable inputs	Lower range						Upper range
	2017		2016		2017		2016					2017			2016			2017			2016
At fair value through profit or loss
Debt securities		386		180						Price based	Price (%)		0	%		0	%		161	%		122	%
										Net asset value	Price (%)		0	%		10	%		0	%		19	%
Equity securities		4		4		1				Price based	Price (%)		1	%		0	%		54	%		0	%
Loans and advances		20		326				3		Price based	Price (%)		0	%		60	%		101	%		101	%
										Present value techniques	Credit spread (bps)		n.a			130			n.a			150
Structured notes				6		101		125		Price based	Price (%)		52	%		52	%		116	%		111	%
										Net asset value	Price (%)		n.a			19	%		n.a			19	%
										Option pricing model	Equity volatility (%)		14	%		16	%		23	%		34	%
											Equity/Equity correlation		0.5			0.0			0.7			0.8
											Equity/FX correlation		0.2			–0.4			0.4			0.1
											Dividend yield (%)		2	%		1	%		6	%		5	%
											Interest rate volatility (%)		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
										Present value techniques	Implied correlation		0.7			0.7			0.7			0.7
Derivatives
– Rates		490		486		485		457		Option pricing model	Interest rate volatility (bps)		23			22			300			300
											Interest rate correlation		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
											IR/INF correlation		n.a			0.5			n.a			0.5
										Present value techniques	Reset spread (%)		2	%		2	%		2	%		2	%
											Prepayment rate (%)		5	%		5	%		10	%		10	%
											Inflation rate (%)		4	%		2	%		4	%		4	%
– FX		477		642		479		688		Present value techniques	Inflation rate (%)		4	%		2	%		4	%		3	%
– Credit		10		33		48		43		Present value techniques	Credit spread (bps)		2			0			424			1,596
											Implied correlation		0.7			0.7			1.0			1.0
											Jump rate (%)		12	%		12	%		12	%		12	%
										Price based	Price (%)		n.a			99	%		n.a			99	%
– Equity		161		258		128		208		Option pricing model	Equity volatility (%)		5	%		0	%		129	%		140	%
											Equity/Equity correlation		0.1			–0.1			1.0			1.0
											Equity/FX correlation		–0.9			–0.9			0.8			0.6
											Dividend yield (%)		0	%		0	%		21	%		13	%
– Other		5						1		Option pricing model	Commodity volatility (%)		9	%		13	%		42	%		55	%
											Com/Com correlation		0.3			0.0			0.9			0.9
											Com/FX correlation		–0.6			–0.5			–0.3			0.0
Available for sale
– Debt		14		55						Price based	Price (%)		69	%		0	%		90	%		99	%
										Present value techniques	Credit spread (bps)		n.a			339			n.a			400
											Weighted average life (yr)		n.a			1.6			n.a			3.2
– Equity		467		466						Discounted cash flow	Annual Accounts		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
										Multiplier method	Observable market factors		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
										Comparable transactions			n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
Total		2,034		2,456		1,242		1,525

Non-listed equity investments

Level 3 equity securities mainly include corporate investments, fund investments, real estate positions, and other equity securities which are not traded in active markets. In the absence of an active market, fair values are estimated on the basis of the analysis of fund managers reports, company’s financial position, future prospects, and other factors, considering valuations of similar positions or by the reference to acquisition cost of the position. For equity securities best market practice will be applied using the most relevant valuation method.

All non-listed equity investments, including investments in private equity funds, are subject to a standard review framework which ensures that valuations reflect fair values.

Price

For securities where market prices are not available fair value is measured by comparison with observable pricing data from similar instruments. Prices of 0% are distressed to the point that no recovery is expected, while prices significantly in excess of 100% or par are expected to pay a good yield.

Credit spreads

Credit spread is the premium above a benchmark interest rate, typically LIBOR or relevant Treasury instrument, required by the market participant to accept a lower credit quality. Higher credit spreads indicate lower credit quality and a lower value of an asset.

Volatility

Volatility is a measure for variation of the price of a financial instrument or other valuation input over time. Volatility is one of the key inputs in option pricing models. Typically, the higher the volatility, the higher value of the option. Volatility varies by the underlying reference (equity, commodity, foreign currency and interest rates), by strike, and maturity of the option. The minimum level of volatility is 0% and there is no theoretical maximum.

Correlation

Correlation is a measure of dependence between two underlying references which is relevant for valuing derivatives and other instruments which have more than one underlying reference. For example, correlation between underlying equity names may be a relevant input parameter for basket equity option pricing models. High positive correlation (close to 1) indicates strong positive (statistical) relationship between underlyings, implying they typically move in the same direction. High negative correlation, on the other hand, implies that underlyings typically move in opposite directions.

Interest rates

Examples of interest rate related unobservable inputs are prepayment rates, reset rates and inflation rates.

Prepayment rate and reset spread are key inputs to mortgage linked prepayment swaps valuation. Prepayment rate is the estimated rate at which mortgage borrowers will repay their mortgages early, e.g. 5% per year. Reset spread is the future spread at which mortgages will re-price at interest rate reset dates.

Inflation rate is a key input to inflation linked instruments. Inflation linked instruments protect against price inflation and are denominated and indexed to investment units. Interest payments would be based on the inflation index and nominal rate in order to receive/pay the real rate of return. A rise in nominal coupon payments is a result of an increase in inflation expectations, real rates, or both. As markets for these inflation linked derivatives are illiquid, the valuation parameters become unobservable.

Dividend yield

Dividend yield is an important input for equity option pricing models showing how much dividends a company is expected to pay out each year relative to its share price. Dividend yields are generally expressed as an annualised percentage of share price.

Sensitivity analysis of unobservable inputs (Level 3)

Where the fair value of a financial instrument is determined using inputs which are unobservable and which have a more than insignificant impact on the fair value of the instrument, the actual value of those inputs at the balance date may be drawn from a range of reasonably possible alternatives. In line with market practice the upper and lower bounds of the range of alternative input values reflect a 90% level of valuation certainty. The actual levels chosen for the unobservable inputs in preparing the annual accounts are consistent with the valuation methodology used for fair valued financial instruments.

If ING had used input values from the upper and lower bound of this range of reasonable possible alternative input values when valuing these instruments as of 31 December 2016, then the impact would have been higher or lower as indicated below. The purpose of this disclosure is to present the possible impact of a change of unobservable inputs in the fair value of financial instruments where unobservable inputs are significant to the valuation.

As ING has chosen to apply a 90% confidence level for its IFRS valuation of fair valued financial instruments, the downward valuation uncertainty has become immaterial, whereas the potential upward valuation uncertainty, reflecting a potential profit, has increased.

For more detail on the valuation of fair valued instruments, refer to the section ‘Risk Management – Market risk’, paragraph ‘Fair values of financial assets and liabilities’ in this document.

In practice valuation uncertainty is measured and managed per exposure to individual valuation inputs (i.e. risk factors) at portfolio level across different product categories. Where the disclosure looks at individual Level 3 inputs the actual valuation adjustments may also reflect the benefits of portfolio offsets.

Because of the approach taken, the valuation uncertainty in the table below is broken down by related risk class rather than by product.

In reality some valuation inputs are interrelated and it would be unlikely that all unobservable inputs would ever be simultaneously at the limits of their respective ranges of reasonably possible alternatives. Therefore it can be assumed that the estimates in the table below show a greater fair value uncertainty than the realistic position at year end assuming normal circumstances/normal markets.

Also, this disclosure does not attempt to indicate or predict future fair value movement. The numbers in isolation give limited information as in most cases these Level 3 assets and liabilities should be seen in combination with other instruments (for example as a hedge) that are classified as Level 2.

Sensitivity analysis of Level 3 instruments
	Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives				Negative fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Fair value through profit or loss
Equity (equity derivatives, structured notes)		222		262
Interest rates (Rates derivatives, FX derivatives)		56		80
Credit (Debt securities, Loans, structured notes, credit derivatives)		27		33
Available-for-sale
Equity		9		8		14		14
Debt		1		2
		315		385		14		14

Other financial instruments

The fair values of the financial instruments carried at amortised cost in the statement of financial position, but for which fair values are disclosed are determined as follows:

Methods applied in determining fair values of financial assets and liabilities (carried at amortised cost)
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks		633		3,534		9,855		11,135		16,577		14,271		27,065		28,940
Held-to-maturity investments		7,884		6,983		1,409		1,749		85		77		9,378		8,809
Loans and advances to customers1				5,121		19,870		21,611		545,141		551,864		565,011		578,596
		8,517		15,638		31,134		34,495		561,803		566,212		601,454		616,345
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1		29				25,276		14,447		7,642		8,096		32,947		22,543
Customer deposits1		8,875		12,248		28,303		25,118		27,296		27,382		64,474		64,748
Debt securities in issue		39,303		41,145		39,757		48,097		17,676		14,317		96,736		103,559
Subordinated loans		16,082		14,967		357		2,188		18		98		16,457		17,253
		64,289		68,360		93,693		89,850		52,632		49,893		210,614		208,103

1 Financial assets and liabilities that are on demand are excluded from the fair value hierarchy as their fair value approximates the carrying value. In 2017, comparative figures of customer deposits have been reclassified between the levels to conform with the current year presentation

b) Non-financial assets and liabilities

ING Group’s non-financial assets comprise Investments in associates and joint ventures, Property in own use, Investment properties and Inventory as included in the Statement of financial position in the line items Investments in associates and joint ventures, Property and equipment, and Other assets respectively.

Investments in associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. For further information, reference is made to Note 7 ’Investments in associates and joint ventures’. Other non-financial assets (Property in own use, and Investment properties) are recognised at fair value at the balance sheet date.

As at 31 December 2017, the estimated fair value of Property in own use and Investment properties amounts to EUR 774 million (2016: EUR 881 million) and EUR 65 million (2016: EUR 65 million) respectively and is categorised as Level 3 (2016: Level 3) of the fair value hierarchy on the basis of methods applied in determining the fair values.

Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss relating to unrealised gains and losses during the year that relate to Level 3 non-financial assets are included in the statement of profit or loss as follows:

• Impairments on Property in own use are included in Other operating expenses - Impairments and reversals on property and equipment and intangibles ; and

• Changes in the fair value of Investment properties are included in Investment income.

Unrealised gains and losses on Property in own use are included in the Revaluation reserve – Property in own use reserve. For amounts recognised in the Statement of profit or loss and other changes in non-financial assets during the year, reference is made to Note 8 ‘Property and equipment’ and Note 10 ‘Other assets’.

As at 31 December 2017, ING Group has no non-financial liabilities measured at fair value (2016: none).

XML

Derivatives and hedge accounting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Derivatives and hedge accounting

38 Derivatives and hedge accounting

Use of derivatives and hedge accounting

As described in the sections ‘Risk management – Credit risk and Market risk’, ING Group uses derivatives (principally interest rate swaps and cross currency interest rate swaps) for economic hedging purposes in the management of its asset and liability portfolios and structural positions. The objective of economic hedging is to enter into positions with an opposite risk profile to an identified exposure to reduce that exposure. The objective of ING Group’s hedging activities is to optimise the overall cost to the Group of accessing debt capital markets and to mitigate the market risk which would otherwise arise from structural imbalances in the duration and other profiles of its assets and liabilities. In addition, hedging activities are undertaken to hedge against the interest rate risk in the mortgage offer period in relation to retail mortgages and to lock in the interest margin in relation to interest bearing assets and the related funding.

The accounting treatment of hedge transactions varies according to the nature of the instrument hedged and whether the hedge qualifies under the IFRS hedge accounting rules. Derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting under IFRS are classified and accounted for in accordance with the nature of the instrument hedged and the type of IFRS hedge model that is applicable. The three models applicable under IFRS are: fair value hedge accounting, cash flow hedge accounting, and net investment hedge accounting. These are described under the relevant headings below. The company’s detailed accounting policies for these three hedge models are set out in Note 1 ‘Accounting policies’ in the section ‘Principles of valuation and determination of results’.

To qualify for hedge accounting under IFRS, strict criteria must be met. Certain hedges that are economically effective from a risk management perspective do not qualify for hedge accounting under IFRS. The fair value changes of derivatives relating to such non-qualifying hedges are taken to the statement of profit or loss. However, in certain cases, the Group mitigates the statement of profit or loss volatility by designating hedged assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. If hedge accounting is applied under IFRS, it is possible that during the hedge a hedge relationship no longer qualifies for hedge accounting and hedge accounting cannot be continued, even if the hedge remains economically effective. As a result, the volatility arising from undertaking economic hedging in the statement of profit or loss may be higher than would be expected from an economic point of view.

With respect to exchange rate and interest rate derivative contracts, the notional or contractual amount of these instruments is indicative of the nominal value of transactions outstanding at the balance sheet date; however they do not represent amounts at risk. ING Group uses credit derivatives to manage its exposure to credit risk, including total return swaps and credit default swaps, to sell or buy protection for credit risk exposures in the loan, investment, and trading portfolios. Hedge accounting is not applied in relation to credit derivatives.

Fair value hedge accounting

ING Group’s fair value hedges principally consist of interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps that are used to protect against changes in the fair value of fixed-rate instruments due to movements in market interest rates.

Gains and losses on derivatives designated under fair value hedge accounting are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The effective portion of the fair value change on the hedged item is also recognised in the statement of profit or loss. As a result, only the net accounting ineffectiveness has an impact on the net result.

Statement of profit or loss – Valuation results and net trading income

Fair value changes on derivatives designated under fair value hedge accounting
	2017		2016
Change in fair value of derivatives		–184		–170
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities (hedged items)		91		244
Net accounting ineffectiveness recognised in the Statement of profit or loss		–93		74

The fluctuation in balances between 2016 and 2017 relate to the volatility in interest rate movements.

Statement of financial position – Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Fair values of outstanding derivatives designated under fair value hedge accounting
	2017		20161
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)		542		787
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)		–317		–672
		225		115

¹  Comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation

Cash flow hedge accounting

ING Group’s cash flow hedges principally consist of (forward) interest rate swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps that are used to protect against its exposure to variability in future interest cash flows on non-trading assets and liabilities that bear interest at variable rates or are expected to be refunded or reinvested in the future. The amounts and timing of future cash flows, representing both principal and interest flows, are projected for each portfolio of financial assets and liabilities, based on contractual terms and other relevant factors including estimates of prepayments and defaults. The aggregate principal balances and interest cash flows for the respective portfolios form the basis for identifying the notional amount subject to interest rate risk that is designated under cash flow hedge accounting.

Gains and losses on the effective portions of derivatives designated under cash flow hedge accounting are recognised in Shareholders’ equity. Interest cash flows on these derivatives are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in net interest income consistent with the manner in which the forecast cash flows affect net result. The gains and losses on ineffective portions of such derivatives are recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss.

Statement of changes in equity – Cash flow hedge reserve

Cash flow hedge reserve
	2017		2016
Effective portion of fair value changes on derivatives under cash flow hedges, after tax		–514		111
Cash flow hedge reserve as at 31 December, gross		335		1,015
Cash flow hedge reserve as at 31 December, after deferred tax		263		777

This cash flow hedge reserve will fluctuate with the fair value changes of the underlying derivatives and will be reflected in the statement of profit or loss under Interest income/expense over the remaining term of the underlying hedged items. The cash flow hedge reserve relates to a large number of derivatives and hedged items with varying maturities, up to 26 years, with the largest concentrations in the range of 1 to 3 years.

Statement of financial position – Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Fair values of outstanding derivatives designated under cash flow hedge accounting
	2017		2016
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)		617		438
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)		–339		–671
		278		–233

Statement of profit or loss – Net interest income

Net interest income on cash flow hedge derivatives
	2017		2016
Interest income on cash flow hedge derivatives		2,454		2,654
Interest expense on cash flow hedge derivatives		–1,968		–2,181
		486		473

Accounting ineffectiveness on derivatives designated under cash flow hedge accounting resulted in a gain of EUR 44 million (2016: EUR 16 million loss) which was recognised in the statement of profit or loss, in the line Valuation results and net trading income.

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations

ING Group’s net investment hedges principally consist of derivatives (including currency forwards and swaps) and non-derivative financial instruments such as foreign currency denominated funding that are used to protect against foreign currency exposures on foreign subsidiaries.

Gains and losses on the effective portions of derivatives designated under net investment hedge accounting are recognised in Shareholders’ equity. The balance in equity is recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the related foreign subsidiary is disposed. The gains and losses on ineffective portions are recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss.

Statement of financial position – Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Fair values of outstanding derivatives designated under net investment hedge accounting
	2017		2016
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)		29		73
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)		–71		–33
		–42		40

Accounting ineffectiveness recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2017 on derivatives and non-derivatives designated under net investment hedge accounting was EUR 3 million (2016: nil).

XML

Assets by contractual maturity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Assets by contractual maturity

39 Assets by contractual maturity

Amounts presented in these tables by contractual maturity are the amounts as presented in the statement of financial position and are discounted cash flows. Reference is made to the section ‘Risk Management – Funding and liquidity risk’.

Assets by contractual maturity
	Less than		1-3		3-12		1-5		Over 5		Maturity not
2017	1 month1		months		months		years		years		applicable		Total
Cash and balances with central banks		21,989												21,989
Loans and advances to banks		13,929		5,137		5,224		3,931		590				28,811
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
– trading assets		63,857		14,016		12,667		12,619		13,589				116,748
– non-trading derivatives		124		147		213		789		958				2,231
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		488		967		1,839		351		597				4,242
Investments
– available-for-sale		1,319		2,313		4,301		31,852		25,962		3,983		69,730
– held-to-maturity		1,020		127		657		2,975		4,564				9,343
Loans and advances to customers		62,842		18,414		40,350		163,360		286,943				571,909
Intangible assets						92		367				1,010		1,469
Other assets2		8,520		1,517		2,479		1,157		535		309		14,517
Remaining assets (for which maturities are not applicable)3												2,889		2,889
Total assets		174,088		42,638		67,822		217,401		333,738		8,191		843,878

¹  Includes assets on demand.

²  Includes Other assets and Current and Deferred tax assets as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

³  Included in remaining assets for which maturities are not applicable are property and equipment, and investments in associates and joint ventures. Due to their nature remaining assets consist mainly of assets expected to be recovered after more than 12 months.

Assets by contractual maturity
2016	Less than 1 month1		1-3 months		3-12 months		1-5 years		Over 5 years		Maturity not applicable		Total
Cash and balances with central banks		18,144												18,144
Loans and advances to banks		14,638		4,373		5,414		3,779		654				28,858
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
– trading assets		47,218		19,236		13,722		16,967		17,361				114,504
– non-trading derivatives		28		29		85		793		1,555				2,490
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		326		1,440		1,996		769		568				5,099
Investments
– available-for-sale		2,713		3,543		6,020		36,838		29,775		4,023		82,912
– held-to-maturity				166		2,374		3,360		2,851				8,751
Loans and advances to customers		56,151		17,187		42,515		162,805		281,496				560,154
Intangible assets						145		290				1,049		1,484
Other assets2		10,179		1,776		2,721		855		850		296		16,677
Remaining assets (for which maturities are not applicable)3												3,143		3,143
Total assets		149,397		47,750		74,992		226,456		335,110		8,511		842,216

¹  Includes assets on demand.

²  Includes Other assets and Current and Deferred tax assets, commodities, and precious metals (which have no maturity) as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position. ‘Other assets’ adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.

³  Included in remaining assets for which maturities are not applicable are property and equipment, and investments in associates and joint ventures. Due to their nature remaining assets consist mainly of assets expected to be recovered after more than 12 months.

XML

Liabilities by maturity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Liabilities by maturity

40 Liabilities by maturity

The tables below include all financial liabilities by maturity based on contractual, undiscounted cash flows. Furthermore, the undiscounted future coupon interest on financial liabilities payable is included in a separate line and in the relevant maturity bucket. Derivative liabilities are included on a net basis if cash flows are settled net. For other derivative liabilities the contractual gross cash flow payable is included.

Non-financial liabilities are included based on a breakdown of the amounts per the statement of financial position, by expected maturity. Reference is made to the liquidity risk paragraph in the section ‘Risk Management – Funding and liquidity risk’ for a description on how liquidity risk is managed.

Liabilities by maturity
2017	Less than 1 month1		1-3 months		3-12 months		1-5 years		Over 5 years		Maturity not applicable		Adjustment2		Total
Deposits from banks		10,002		648		1,687		21,893		2,591						36,821
Customer deposits		494,701		17,190		19,647		5,761		2,529						539,828
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– other trading liabilities		29,755		11,530		1,866		1,506		2,390				636		47,683
– trading derivatives		2,476		2,420		4,520		8,224		5,947				2,326		25,913
– non-trading derivatives		339		121		226		715		886				44		2,331
– designated at fair value through profit or loss		413		838		1,353		3,700		5,058				–147		11,215
Debt securities in issue		3,296		14,657		26,434		37,717		12,249				1,733		96,086
Subordinated loans										10,601		5,176		191		15,968
Financial liabilities		540,982		47,404		55,733		79,516		42,251		5,176		4,783		775,845
Other liabilities3		9,773		1,915		4,240		1,757		1,204						18,889
Non-financial liabilities		9,773		1,915		4,240		1,757		1,204		–		–		18,889
Total liabilities		550,755		49,319		59,973		81,273		43,455		5,176		4,783		794,734
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities		1,109		1,035		2,852		9,591		8,686						23,273

¹  Includes liabilities on demand.

²  This column reconciles the contractual undiscounted cash flows on financial liabilities to the statement of financial position values. The adjustments mainly relate to the impact of discounting, and for derivatives, to the fact that the contractual cash flows are presented on a gross basis (unless the cash flows are actually settled net).

³  Includes Other liabilities, Current and deferred tax liabilities, and Provisions as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

Liabilities by maturity
2016	Less than 1 month1		1-3 months		3-12 months		1-5 years		Over 5 years		Maturity not applicable		Adjustment2		Total
Deposits from banks		11,874		506		2,060		14,324		3,200						31,964
Customer deposits		476,373		16,521		20,698		6,720		2,583				13		522,908
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– other trading liabilities		26,101		12,334		1,096		1,910		1,908				525		43,874
– trading derivatives		3,172		3,153		7,495		13,785		11,602				86		39,293
– non-trading derivatives		378		192		700		1,844		1,478				–1,051		3,541
– designated at fair value through profit or loss		381		505		1,627		4,485		5,170				98		12,266
Debt securities in issue		3,171		14,965		22,350		44,089		20,522				–1,863		103,234
Subordinated loans				1,043		749		2,010		5,985		7,204		232		17,223
Financial liabilities		521,450		49,219		56,775		89,167		52,448		7,204		–1,960		774,303
Other liabilities3		10,403		1,943		4,428		2,201		1,075						20,050
Non-financial liabilities		10,403		1,943		4,428		2,201		1,075		–		–		20,050
Total liabilities		531,853		51,162		61,203		91,368		53,523		7,204		–1,960		794,353
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities		1,081		1,160		3,355		10,948		5,818						22,362

¹  Includes liabilities on demand.

²  This column reconciles the contractual undiscounted cash flows on financial liabilities to the statement of financial position values. The adjustments mainly relate to the impact of discounting, and for derivatives, to the fact the contractual cash flows are presented on a gross basis (unless the cash flows are actually settled net).

³  Includes Other liabilities, Current and deferred tax liabilities, and Provisions as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

XML

Assets not freely disposable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Assets not freely disposable

41 Assets not freely disposable

The assets not freely disposable consist primarily of Loans and advances to customers pledged to secure Debt securities in issue, deposits from De Nederlandsche Bank (the Dutch Central Bank) and other banks and serve to secure margin accounts and are used for other purposes required by law. The assets not freely disposable are as follows:

Assets not freely disposable
	2017		2016
Banks
– Cash and balances with central banks		1,569		1,353
– Loans and advances to banks		3,730		6,054
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		1,072		447
Investments		885		825
Loans and advances to customers		76,083		70,457
Other assets		813		935
		84,152		80,071

In some jurisdictions ING Bank N.V. has an obligation to maintain a reserve with central banks. As at 31 December 2017, the minimum mandatory reserve deposits with various central banks amount to EUR 8,503 million (2016: EUR 9,055 million).

Loans and advances to customers that have been pledged as collateral for Debt securities in issue and for liquidity purposes, amount in the Netherlands to EUR 50 billion (2016: EUR 49 billion), in Germany to EUR 12 billion (2016: EUR 12 billion), in Belgium EUR 10 billion (2016: EUR 5 billion), in Australia to EUR 2 billion (2016: EUR 2 billion) and in the United States to EUR 1 billion (2016: EUR 1 billion).

The table does not include assets relating to securities lending as well as sale and repurchase transactions. Reference is made to Note 42 ‘Transfer of financial assets’.

XML

Transfer of financial assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Transfer of financial assets

42 Transfer of financial assets

The majority of ING’s financial assets that have been transferred, but do not qualify for derecognition are debt instruments used in securities lending or sale and repurchase transactions. Reference is made to Note 48 ‘Structured entities’.

Transfer of financial assets not qualifying for derecognition
	Securities lending							Sale and repurchase
	Equity				Debt			Equity				Debt
	2017		2016		2017	2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Transferred assets at carrying amount
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		3,995		1,428					2,120		4,106		6,864		8,965
Investments		2		2									621		1,427
Loans and advances to customers															25
Associated liabilities at carrying amount
Deposits from banks				n.a			n.a
Customer deposits				n.a			n.a
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		3,985		1,443					2,148		4,635		2,599		4,280

The table above include the associated liabilities which are reported after offsetting, compared to the gross positions of the encumbered assets.

Included in the table above, are the carrying amounts of transferred assets under repurchase agreements, and securities lending that do not qualify for derecognition.

The table above do not include assets transferred to consolidated securitisation entities as the related assets remain recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position.

XML

Offsetting financial assets and liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Offsetting financial assets and liabilities

43 Offsetting financial assets and liabilities

The following tables include information about rights to offset and the related arrangements. The amounts included consist of all recognised financial instruments that are presented net in the statement of financial position under the IFRS offsetting requirements (legal right to offset and intention to net settle) and amounts presented gross in the statement of financial position but subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangement.

Financial assets subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2017		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Loans and advances to banks	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		1,838				1,838				1,728		110
	Other		7		–7
			1,845		–7		1,838		–		1,728		110
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Trading assets	Derivatives		20,878		–760		20,118		18,427		219		1,472
	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		68,050		–14,475		53,575		1,068		52,456		51
			88,928		–15,235		73,693		19,495		52,675		1,523
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		45,176		–43,819		1,357		1,238		217		–98
			45,176		–43,819		1,357		1,238		217		–98
Loans and advances to customers	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		409		–209		200				200
	Other		157,892		–156,015		1,877		1,018		302		557
			158,301		–156,224		2,077		1,018		502		557
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			6,860		–6,366		494						494
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–5,929		4,208		1,721
			–		–		–		–5,929		4,208		1,721
Total financial assets			301,110		–221,651		79,459		15,822		59,330		4,307

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

Financial assets subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2016		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Loans and advances to banks	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		173		–95		78				78
	Other		3		–3
			176		–98		78		–		78		–
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Trading assets	Derivatives		28,511		–913		27,598		25,532		147		1,919
	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		61,245		–19,413		41,832		36		41,555		241
			89,756		–20,326		69,430		25,568		41,702		2,160
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		57,384		–55,687		1,697		1,499		–5		203
			57,384		–55,687		1,697		1,499		–5		203
Loans and advances to customers	Other		191,453		–186,963		4,490				387		4,103
			191,453		–186,963		4,490		–		387		4,103
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			6,326		–5,846		480		15				465
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–7,300		4,743		2,557
			–		–		–		–7,300		4,743		2,557
Total financial assets			345,095		–268,920		76,175		19,782		46,905		9,488

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2017		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Deposits from banks	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		4				4				4
	Other		68		–8		60						60
			72		–8		64		–		4		60
Customer deposits	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		209		–209
	Corporate deposits		11,508		–11,022		486						486
	Other		156,465		–144,991		11,474		1,021				10,453
			168,182		–156,222		11,960		1,021		–		10,939
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Trading liabilities	Derivatives		21,356		–975		20,381		19,292		302		787
	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		51,445		–14,475		36,970		1,068		35,792		110
			72,801		–15,450		57,351		20,360		36,094		897
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		46,765		–45,251		1,514		1,261		125		128
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			5,393		–4,720		673						673
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–6,820		6,228		592
			–		–		–		–6,820		6,228		592
Total financial liabilities			293,213		–221,651		71,562		15,822		42,451		13,289

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2016		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Deposits from banks	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		102		–95		7						7
	Other		23		–3		20						20
			125		–98		27		–		–		27
Customer deposits	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		36				36		36
	Corporate deposits		11,773		–8,595		3,178						3,178
	Other		189,496		–178,368		11,128						11,128
			201,305		–186,963		14,342		36		–		14,306
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Trading liabilities	Derivatives		30,102		–997		29,105		27,852		146		1,107
	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		46,695		–19,415		27,280		36		27,102		142
			76,797		–20,412		56,385		27,888		27,248		1,249
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		59,510		–56,975		2,535		2,343		–153		345
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			5,041		–4,472		569		28				541
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–10,513		8,047		2,466
			–		–		–		–10,513		8,047		2,466
Total financial liabilities			342,778		–268,920		73,858		19,782		35,142		18,934

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

XML

Contingent liabilities and commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Contingent liabilities and commitments

44 Contingent liabilities and commitments

In the normal course of business, ING Group is party to activities where risks are not reflected in whole or in part in the consolidated annual accounts. In response to the needs of its customers, the Group offers financial products related to loans. These products include traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments.

Contingent liabilities and commitments
	Less than 1 month				1-3 months				3-12 months				1-5 years				Over 5 years				Maturity not applicable				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Contingent liabilities in respect of
– discounted bills		1										1														1		1
– guarantees		15,647		18,536		571		677		944		965		2,560		1,167		4,189		3,526						23,911		24,871
– irrevocable letters of credit		9,453		6,583		4,746		5,973		1,146		824		176		154		12		12						15,533		13,546
– other		58		39										223						309						281		348
		25,159		25,158		5,317		6,650		2,090		1,790		2,959		1,321		4,201		3,847		–		–		39,726		38,766
Guarantees issued by ING Groep N.V.																		356		404						356		404
Irrevocable facilities		56,459		59,214		2,150		2,587		7,504		4,832		30,331		22,606		7,825		9,315						104,269		98,554
		81,618		84,372		7,467		9,237		9,594		6,622		33,290		23,927		12,382		13,566		–		–		144,351		137,724

Guarantees relate both to credit and non-credit substitute guarantees. Credit substitute guarantees are guarantees given by ING Group in respect of credit granted to customers by a third party. Many of them are expected to expire without being drawn on and therefore do not necessarily represent future cash outflows. In addition to the items included in contingent liabilities, ING Group has issued guarantees as a participant in collective arrangements of national industry bodies and as a participant in government required collective guarantee schemes which apply in different countries.

Irrevocable letters of credit mainly secure payments to third parties for a customer’s foreign and domestic trade transactions in order to finance a shipment of goods. ING Group’s credit risk in these transactions is limited since these transactions are collateralised by the commodity shipped and are of a short duration.

Other contingent liabilities include acceptances of bills and are of a short-term nature. Other contingent liabilities also include contingent liabilities resulting from the operations of the Real Estate business including obligations under development and construction contracts. Furthermore other contingent liabilities include a contingent liability in connection with a possible Dutch tax obligation that relates to the deduction from Dutch taxable profit for losses incurred by ING Bank in the United Kingdom in previous years. The existence of this obligation will be confirmed only by the occurrence of future profits in the United Kingdom.

Irrevocable facilities mainly constitute unused portions of irrevocable credit facilities granted to corporate clients. Many of these facilities are for a fixed duration and bear interest at a floating rate. ING Group’s credit risk and interest rate risk in these transactions is limited. The unused portion of irrevocable credit facilities is partly secured by customers’ assets or counter-guarantees by the central governments and exempted bodies under the regulatory requirements. Irrevocable facilities also include commitments made to purchase securities to be issued by governments and private issuers.

Furthermore, ING Group leases assets from third parties under operating leases as lessee. The future rental commitments to be paid under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts
	2017		2016
2017				307
2018		268		179
2019		195		151
2020		165		129
2021		152		132
Years after 2021		472		344

XML

Legal proceedings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Legal proceedings

45 Legal proceedings

ING and its consolidated subsidiaries are involved in governmental, regulatory, arbitration and legal proceedings and investigations in the Netherlands and in a number of foreign jurisdictions, including the US, involving claims by and against them which arise in the ordinary course of their businesses, including in connection with their activities as lenders, broker-dealers, underwriters, issuers of securities and investors and their position as employers and taxpayers. In certain of such proceedings, very large or indeterminate amounts are sought, including punitive and other damages. While it is not feasible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome of all pending or threatened governmental, regulatory, arbitration and legal proceedings and investigations, ING is of the opinion that some of the proceedings and investigations set out below may have or have in the recent past had a significant effect on the financial position, profitability or reputation of ING and/or ING and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Criminal investigations: ING Bank is the subject of criminal investigations by Dutch authorities regarding various requirements related to client on-boarding, money laundering and corrupt practices. ING Group has also received related information requests from US authorities. ING Group and ING Bank are cooperating with such ongoing investigations and requests. Management has concluded under IFRS that it is more likely than not that a present obligation per 31 December 2017 exists and that an outflow of resources is probable, but was not able to estimate reliably the possible timing, scope or amounts of any fines, penalties and/or other outcome, which could be significant. ING expects to receive more information from the Dutch authorities concerning the potential consequences of their investigation in the first half of 2018.

Tax cases: Because of the geographic spread of its business, ING may be subject to tax audits, investigations and procedures in numerous jurisdictions at any point in time. Although ING believes that it has adequately provided for all its tax positions, the ultimate resolution of these audits, investigations and procedures may result in liabilities which are different from the amounts recognised. ING has also identified issues in connection with its US tax information reporting and withholding obligations in respect of prior periods. While a provision has been recorded, the review of such issues is ongoing.

Litigation regarding products of a former subsidiary in Mexico: Proceedings in which ING is involved include complaints and lawsuits concerning the performance of certain interest sensitive products that were sold by a former subsidiary of ING in Mexico. A provision has been taken in the past.

SIBOR – SOR litigation: In July 2016, investors in derivatives tied to the Singapore Interbank Offer Rate (‘SIBOR’) filed a U.S. class action complaint in the New York District Court alleging that several banks, including ING, conspired to rig the prices of derivatives tied to SIBOR and the Singapore Swap Offer Rate (‘SOR’). The lawsuit refers to investigations by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (‘MAS’) and other regulators, including the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (‘CFTC’), in relation to rigging prices of SIBOR- and SOR-based derivatives. In April 2017, the New York District Court issued an oral ruling dismissing all claims; a corresponding written ruling was issued in August 2017. In September 2017, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint. Defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint. Currently, it is not possible to provide an estimate of the (potential) financial effect of this claim.

Claims regarding accounts with predecessors of ING Bank Turkey: ING Bank Turkey has received numerous claims from (former) customers of legal predecessors of ING Bank Turkey. The claims are based on offshore accounts held with these banks, which banks were seized by the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund (SDIF’) prior to the acquisition of ING Bank Turkey in 2007 from Oyak. SDIF has also filed various lawsuits against ING Bank Turkey to claim compensation from ING Bank Turkey, with respect to amounts paid out to offshore account holders so far. ING Bank had initiated an arbitration procedure against OYAK in which ING Bank sought to be held harmless for these claims. The arbitration court dismissed ING’s prayers for relief. At this moment it is not possible to assess the outcome of these procedures nor to provide an estimate of the (potential) financial effect of these claims.

VEB Fortis claim: In January 2011, the Dutch Association of Stockholders (Vereniging van Effectenbezitters, ‘VEB’) issued a writ alleging that investors were misled by the prospectus that was issued with respect to the September 2007 rights issue of Fortis N.V. (now Ageas N.V.) against Ageas N.V., the underwriters of such rights issue, including ING Bank, and former directors of Fortis N.V. According to the VEB the prospectus shows substantive incorrect and misleading information. The VEB stated that the impact and the risks of the sub-prime crisis for Fortis and Fortis’ liquidity position were reflected incorrectly in the prospectus. The VEB requested a declaratory decision stating that the summoned parties acted wrongfully and are therefore responsible for the damages suffered by the investors in Fortis. In March 2016, Ageas, VEB and certain other claimants announced that the claim in relation to Fortis has been settled. Ageas has agreed to pay EUR 1.2 billion to investors as compensation, provided that the Amsterdam Court of Appeal declares the settlement to be binding. According to the settlement documentation, as filed by Ageas with the Court of Appeal in May 2016, the settlement agreement contains a third-party clause by which the banks will also be released from the claims made by VEB and certain other claimants, if the settlement becomes unconditional. In June 2017, the Amsterdam Court of Appeal has given an interim ruling that the proposed settlement agreement between Ageas and the VEB cannot be declared binding upon all investors in its current form. The Court of Appeal requested in particular changes in relation to the level of compensation awarded to investors who are a member of the VEB and those who are not. In December 2017, Ageas and the VEB filed a revised settlement agreement with the Court of Appeal making amendments to the settlement agreement. In February 2018, the Court of Appeal requested further information on the level of compensation awarded to the VEB itself. The VEB have to file their reply before 6 March 2018. A court hearing has been scheduled for 16 March 2018 to discuss the merits of the settlement agreement, in particular the level of compensation, in more detail.

Medical insurance coverage claim by (former) Belgian employees: A number of retired employees of ING Belgium have initiated legal proceedings against ASCEL (a non-profit organisation established by ING Belgium that provided medical insurance coverage to current and retired employees till the beginning of 2015 via a subdivision of ASCEL: FMC) and ING Belgium following the decision to externalise this medical insurance coverage which resulted in an increase of premium. In a decision of September 2016, the Court has considered that FMC has validly been closed but that, as the medical coverage qualifies as an insurance contract not linked with the professional activity of the claimants, ING could not unilaterally terminate the agreement between FMC and the pensioners. In October 2017, ING reached an agreement with the claimants to settle this case. In January 2018, this settlement has entered into force for all retired employees who are insured with the external provider. This settlement will be paid out of the existing provision.

Interest rate derivatives claims: ING is involved in several legal proceedings in the Netherlands with respect to interest rate derivatives that were sold to clients in connection with floating interest rate loans in order to hedge the interest rate risk of the loans. These proceedings are based on several legal grounds, depending on the facts and circumstances of each specific case, inter alia alleged breach of duty of care, insufficient information provided to the clients on the product and its risks and other elements related to the interest rate derivatives that were sold to clients. In some cases, the court has ruled in favour of the claimants and awarded damages, annulled the interest rate derivative or ordered repayment of certain amounts to the claimants. The total amounts that need to be repaid or compensated in some cases still need to be determined. ING may decide to appeal against adverse rulings. Although the outcome of the pending litigation and similar cases that may be brought in the future is uncertain, it is possible that the courts may ultimately rule in favour of the claimants in some or all of such cases. A provision has been taken. However, the aggregate financial impact of the current and future litigation could become material.

As requested by the AFM, ING has reviewed a significant part of the files of clients who bought interest rate derivatives. In December 2015, the AFM concluded that Dutch banks may have to re-assess certain client files, potentially including certain derivative contracts that were terminated prior to April 2014 or other client files. As advised by the AFM, the Minister of Finance appointed a Committee of independent experts (the ‘Committee’) which has established a uniform recovery framework for Dutch SME clients with interest rate derivatives. ING has adopted this recovery framework and will reassess individual files against this framework. ING has taken an additional provision for the financial consequences of the recovery framework. In 2017, ING has informed the majority of the relevant clients whether they are in scope of the recovery framework, and thus eligible for compensation, or not. Due to the fact that the execution of the framework encountered delay, ING has offered advance payments to customers out of the existing provision.

Interest surcharges claims: ING received complaints and is involved in litigation with natural persons (natuurlijke personen) in the Netherlands regarding increases in interest surcharges with respect to several credit products, including but not limited to residential property (eigenwoningfinanciering). ING is reviewing the relevant product portfolio. Although the review is still ongoing, a provision has been taken for certain of these complaints.

Criminal proceedings regarding cash company financing: In June 2017, a Belgian criminal Court ruled that ING Luxembourg assisted third parties in 2000 to commit a tax fraud in the context of the purchase of the shares of a cash company. The Court condemned ING Luxembourg among others to a penal fine of EUR 120,000 (suspended for half of the total amount). The court also condemned ING Luxembourg jointly and severally with other parties, to pay EUR 31.48 million (to be increased with the legal interests) to the bankruptcy trustee of the cash company. A provision has been recorded. In July 2017, ING Luxembourg filed an appeal against this judgment, which is currently pending. In another case the Belgian authorities are also investigating ING Luxembourg for allegedly assisting third parties in 2001 to commit tax fraud in the context of the purchase of the shares of a cash company. For this case, a provision has been recorded by ING Luxembourg as well. The outcome of those cases is uncertain.

Mortgage expenses claims: ING Spain has received claims and is involved in procedures with customers regarding reimbursement of expenses associated with the formalization of mortgages. In all but two court proceeding in first instance the expense clause of the mortgage contract has been declared null and all or part of the expenses were ordered to be reimbursed by ING Spain. The courts in first instance have applied in their rulings different criteria regarding the reimbursement of expenses. ING Spain has filed an appeal against a number of these court decisions. ING Spain has also been included, together with other Spanish banks, in a class action filed by a customer association. The outcome of the pending litigation and similar cases that may be brought in the future is uncertain. A provision has been taken. However, the aggregate financial impact of the current and future litigation could change and will depend on, amongst others, an expected future ruling by the Spanish Supreme Court regarding the expenses that should be reimbursed by the banks.

Imtech claim: In January 2018, ING Bank received a claim from Stichting ImtechClaim.nl and Imtech Shareholders Action Group B.V. on behalf of certain (former) shareholders of Imtech N.V. (‘Imtech’). The claimants allege inter alia that shareholders were misled by the prospectus of the rights issues of Imtech in July 2013 and October 2014. ING Bank, being one of the underwriters of the rights issues, is held liable by the claimants for the damages that investors in Imtech would have suffered. ING Bank responded to the claimants denying any and all responsibility in relation to the allegations made in the letter.

XML

Consolidated companies and business acquired and divested

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Consolidated companies and business acquired and divested

46 Consolidated companies and business acquired and divested

Acquisitions

There were no significant acquisitions in 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Divestments effective in 2017

There were no significant divestments, of consolidated companies, in 2017.

Divestments effective in 2016

There were no significant divestments, of consolidated companies, in 2016.

Other

For information on transactions related to ING Group’s shareholding in NN Group, reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations’, and Note 49 ‘Related parties’.

Divestments effective in 2015

NN Group

A number of divestment transactions resulted in a further decrease in the ownership of ING Group in NN Group to 25.75% from 68.14% at 31 December 2014. NN Group was deconsolidated and accounted for as an Investment in associate held for sale. Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations.

Other

In 2015 the merger between ING Vysya and Kotak Mahindra Bank was completed and the legal entity ING Vysya Bank ceased to exist. As a result of this transaction, ING holds a stake in the combined company which operates under the Kotak brand.

Most significant companies divested in 2015
	2015 NN Group
General
Primary line of business		Insurance
Sales proceeds
Cash proceeds1		1,148
Investment retained in NN Group2		3,612
Sales proceeds		4,760
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		9,238
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		46,425
Available-for-sale investments		76,529
Loans and advances to customers		28,617
Reinsurance contracts		266
Intangible assets		177
Deferred acquisition costs		1,509
Miscellaneous other assets		6,204
Liabilities
Insurance and investment contracts		121,721
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		2,105
Miscellaneous other liabilities		24,135
Net assets		21,004
% disposed2		54.8	%
Net assets disposed		11,510
Loss on disposal3,4		–1,185

¹  Cash outflow/inflow on group companies in the statement of cash flow included, in addition to the cash amounts in this table, also cash outflows/inflows on individually insignificant disposals.

²  IFRS required the derecognition of the subsidiary and the recognition of the respective retained investments in NN Group of 42.43% at the fair value on the date of disposal.

³  The loss on disposal only reflects the impact on the statement of profit or loss of the transaction that resulted in derecognition of the company and includes the sales proceeds, the net assets disposed, the expenses directly related to the disposal and the realisation of unrealised reserves.

⁴  The portion of the loss attributable to measuring the retained investment in NN Group at its fair value amounted to EUR –5,412 million.

XML

Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures

47 Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures

For the majority of ING’s principal subsidiaries, ING Bank N.V. has control because it either directly or indirectly owns more than half of the voting power. For subsidiaries in which the interest held is below 50%, control exists based on the combination of ING’s financial interest and its rights from other contractual arrangements which result in control over the operating and financial policies of the entity.

For each of the subsidiaries listed, the voting rights held equal the proportion of ownership interest and consolidation by ING is based on the majority of ownership.

For the principal investments in associates and joint ventures ING Group has significant influence but not control. Significant influence generally results from a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights, but also the ability to participate in the financial and operating policies through situations including, but not limited to one or more of the following:

• Representation on the board of directors;

• Participation in the policymaking process; and

• Interchange of managerial personnel.

The principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures of ING Groep N.V. and their statutory place of incorporation or primary place of business are as follows:

Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures
			Proportion of ownership and interest held by the Group
			2017			2016
Subsidiary	Statutory place of Incorporation	Country of operation
ING Bank N.V.	Amsterdam	the Netherlands		100	%		100	%
Bank Mendes Gans N.V.	Amsterdam	the Netherlands		100	%		100	%
ING Lease (Nederland) B.V.	Amsterdam	the Netherlands		100	%		100	%
Record Bank	Brussels	Belgium		100	%		100	%
ING Belgium S.A./N.V.	Brussels	Belgium		100	%		100	%
ING Luxembourg S.A.	Luxembourg City	Luxembourg		100	%		100	%
ING-DiBa AG	Frankfurt am Main	Germany		100	%		100	%
ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Katowice	Poland		75	%		75	%
ING Financial Holdings Corporation	Delaware	United States of America		100	%		100	%
ING Bank A.S.	Istanbul	Turkey		100	%		100	%
ING Bank (Australia) Ltd	Sydney	Australia		100	%		100	%
ING Bank (Eurasia) Joint stock company	Moscow	Russia		100	%		100	%
Investments in associates and joint ventures
TMB Public Company Limited	Bangkok	Thailand		30	%		30	%

XML

Structured entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Structured entities

48 Structured entities

ING Group’s activities involve transactions with various structured entities (SE) in the normal course of its business. A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. ING Group’s involvement in these entities varies and includes both debt financing and equity financing of these entities as well as other relationships. Based on its accounting policies, as disclosed in the section Principles of valuation and determination of results of these annual accounts, ING establishes whether these involvements result in no significant influence, significant influence, joint control or control over the structured entity.

The structured entities over which ING can exercise control are consolidated. ING may provide support to these consolidated structured entities as and when appropriate. However, this is fully reflected in the consolidated annual accounts of ING Group as all assets and liabilities of these entities are included and off-balance sheet commitments are disclosed.

ING’s activities involving structured entities are explained below in the following categories:    

1 Consolidated ING originated Liquidity management securitisation programmes (Lions);

2 Consolidated ING originated Covered bond programme (CBC);

3 Consolidated ING sponsored Securitisation programme (Mont Blanc);

4 Unconsolidated Securitisation programme; and

5 Other structured entities.

1. Consolidated ING originated Liquidity management securitisation programmes (Lions)    

ING Group enters into liquidity management securitisation programmes in order to obtain funding and improve liquidity. Within the programme ING Group sells ING originated assets to a structured entity. The underlying exposures include residential mortgages in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and Australia.

The structured entity issues securitised notes (traditional securitisations) which are eligible collateral for central bank liquidity purposes. In most programmes ING Group acts as investor of the securitised notes. ING Group continues to consolidate these structured entities if it is deemed to control the entities.

The structured entity issues securitisation notes in two tranches, one subordinated tranche and one senior tranche, rated AAA by a rating agency. The AAA tranche can subsequently be used by ING Group as collateral in the money market for secured borrowings.

ING Bank originated various securitisations, as at 31 December 2017, these consisted of approximately EUR 56 billion of AAA rated notes and subordinated notes, of which approximately EUR 7 billion were issued externally. The underlying exposures are residential mortgages and SME loans. Apart from the third party funding, these securitisations did not impact ING Bank’s consolidated statement of financial position and profit or loss.

In 2017, there are no non-controlling interests as part of the securitisation structured entities that are significant to ING Group. ING Group for the majority of the securitisation vehicles provides the funding for the entity except for EUR 7 billion which are funded by third parties.

2. Consolidated ING originated Covered bond programme (CBC)

ING Group has entered into a covered bond programme. Under the covered bond programme ING issues bonds. The payment of interest and principal is guaranteed by the ING administered structured entities, ING Covered Bond Company B.V., and ING SB Covered Bond Company B.V. In order for these entities to fulfil their guarantee, ING legally transfers mainly Dutch mortgage loans originated by ING. Furthermore ING offers protection against deterioration of the mortgage loans. The entities are consolidated by ING Group.

Covered bond programme
	Fair value pledged mortgage loans				Cash balance structured entity
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Dutch Covered Bond Companies		41,062		43,931		323		39
		41,062		43,931		323		39

In general, the third-party investors in securities issued by the structured entity have recourse only to the assets of the entity and not to the assets of ING Group.

3. Consolidated ING sponsored Securitisation programme (Mont Blanc)

In the normal course of business, ING Group structures financing transactions for its clients by assisting them in obtaining sources of liquidity by selling (also referred to as factoring) the clients’ receivables or other financial assets to an ING sponsored SPE.

The transactions are funded by the ING Group administered multi seller Asset Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP) conduit Mont Blanc Capital Corporation (Mont Blanc), which funds itself in the ABCP market. Mont Blanc does not have non-controlling interests that are significant to ING Group. ING Group facilitates these transactions by providing structuring, accounting, funding and operations services.

The types of assets currently in Mont Blanc include trade receivables, consumer finance receivables, credit card receivables, motor vehicle loans, and residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS).

ING Group supports the commercial paper programmes by providing the SPE with short-term liquidity facilities. These liquidity facilities primarily cover temporary disruptions in the commercial paper market. Once drawn these facilities bear normal credit risk. A number of programmes are supported by granting structured liquidity facilities to the SPE, in which ING Group covers at least some of the credit risk incorporated in these programmes itself (in addition to normal liquidity facilities), and might suffer credit losses as a consequence. Furthermore, under a Programme Wide Credit Enhancement ING Group guarantees to a limited amount all remaining losses incorporated in the SPE to the commercial paper investors.

The liquidity facilities, including programme wide enhancements, provided to Mont Blanc are EUR 1,139 million (2016: EUR 812 million). The drawn liquidity amount is nil as at 31 December 2017 (2016: nil).

The normal non-structured standby liquidity facilities and the structured facilities are reported under irrevocable facilities. All facilities, which vary in risk profile, are granted to the SPE subject to normal ING Group credit and liquidity risk analysis procedures. The fees received for services provided and for facilities are charged subject to market conditions.

4. Unconsolidated Securitisation programme

In 2013 ING transferred financial assets (mortgage loans) for an amount of approximately EUR 2 billion to a newly established special purpose entity (SPE). The transaction resulted in full derecognition of the financial assets from ING’s statement of financial position. The derecognition did not have a significant impact on net result. Following this transfer ING continues to have two types of on-going involvement in the transferred assets: as counterparty to the SPE of a non-standard interest rate swap and as servicer of the transferred assets. ING has an option to unwind the transaction by redeeming all notes at their principal outstanding amount, in the unlikely event of changes in accounting and/or regulatory requirements that significantly impact the transaction. The fair value of the swap held by ING at 31 December 2017 amounted to EUR –41 million (2016: EUR –5 million); fair value changes on this swap recognised in the statement of profit or loss in 2017 were EUR –36 million (2016: EUR –6 million). Fee income recognised in the statement of profit or loss in 2017 amounted to EUR 2 million (2016: EUR 2 million).

5. Other structured entities

In the normal course of business, ING Group enters into transactions with structured entities as counterparty. Predominantly in its structured finance operations, ING can be instrumental in facilitating the creation of these structured entity counterparties. These entities are generally not included in the consolidated annual accounts of ING Group, as ING facilitates these transactions as administrative agent by providing structuring, accounting, funding, lending, and operation services.

ING Bank offers various investment fund products to its clients. ING Bank does not invest in these investment funds for its own account nor acts as the fund manager.

XML

Related parties

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Related parties

49 Related parties

In the normal course of business, ING Group enters into various transactions with related parties. Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operating decisions. Related parties of ING Group include, among others, its subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures, key management personnel, and various defined benefit and contribution plans. For post-employment benefit plans, reference is made to Note 35 ‘Pension and other postemployment benefits’. Transactions between related parties include rendering or receiving of services, leases, transfers under finance arrangements and provisions of guarantees or collateral. There are no significant provisions for doubtful debts or individually significant bad debt expenses recognised on outstanding balances with related parties.

Subsidiaries

Transactions with ING Group’s main subsidiaries
	ING Bank N.V.
	2017		2016
Assets		21,277		14,903
Liabilities		377		70
Income received		448		414
Expenses paid		3		30

Transactions between ING Groep N.V. and its subsidiaries are eliminated on consolidation. Reference is made to Note 47 ‘Principal subsidiaries’ for a list of principal subsidiaries and their statutory place of incorporation.

Assets from ING Bank N.V. mainly comprise long-term funding. Liabilities to ING Bank N.V. mainly comprise short-term deposits.

Associates and joint ventures

Transactions with ING Group’s main associates and joint ventures
	Associates				Joint ventures
	2017		20161		2017		2016
Assets		120		27		9		12
Liabilities		86		16		5		59
Off-balance sheet commitments		92		34		1		2
Income received						8		9
Expenses paid						6		1

¹  Includes transactions with NN Group until ING lost significant influence in January 2016.

Assets, liabilities, commitments, and income related to Associates and joint ventures result from transactions which are executed as part of the normal Banking business.

In January 2016, ING Group sold shares in NN Group and lost significant influence resulting in NN Group no longer being a related party of ING Group. Prior to this sale, since deconsolidation at the end of May 2015, NN Group was accounted for as an Investment in associate held for sale and transactions with ING Group were included as Associates in the table above.

Key management personnel compensation

Transactions with key management personnel (Executive Board, Management Board and Supervisory Board) and post-employment benefit plans are transactions with related parties. These transactions are disclosed in more detail as required by Part 9 Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code in the remuneration report included in the annual report. The relevant sections of the remuneration report therefore form part of the annual accounts.

In 2017 and 2016, three members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V. were also members of the Management Board Banking. The members of the Management Board Banking are considered to be key management personnel and their compensation is therefore included in the tables below.

Key management personnel compensation (Executive Board and Management Board Banking)
2017 in EUR thousands	Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.1,2		Management Board Banking1,3,4		Total
Fixed Compensation
– Base salary		4,399		3,772		8,171
– Collective fixed allowances5		1,418		1,180		2,598
– Pension costs		96		118		214
– Severance benefits		1,204		–		1,204
Variable compensation
– Upfront cash		–		463		463
– Upfront shares		226		485		711
– Deferred cash		–		694		694
– Deferred shares		339		728		1,067
– Other		–		–		–
Total compensation		7,682		7,440		15,122

¹  Includes their compensation earned in the capacity as Board members.

²  In 2017 two members left and two members joined the Executive Board.

³  Excluding members that are also members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.

⁴  In the Management Board Banking, excluding the Executive Board members, one member left and one member joined in 2017

⁵  The collective fixed allowances consist of two savings allowances applicable to employees in the Netherlands; an individual savings allowance of 3.5% and a collective savings allowance to compensate for loss of pension benefits with respect to salary in excess of EUR 103,317.    

Key management personnel compensation (Executive Board and Management Board Banking)
2016 in EUR thousands	Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.1		Management Board Banking1,2,3		Total
Fixed Compensation
– Base salary		4,070		4,111		8,181
– Collective fixed allowances4		1,167		1,167		2,334
– Pension costs		78		108		186
– Severance benefits		–		918		918
Variable compensation
– Upfront cash		–		485		485
– Upfront shares		300		572		872
– Deferred cash		–		727		727
– Deferred shares		449		857		1,306
– Other		–		1,184		1,184
Total compensation		6,064		10,129		16,193

¹  Includes their compensation earned in the capacity as Board members.

²  Excluding members that are also members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.

³  In 2016, one new member joined and one member retired

⁴  The collective fixed allowances consist of two savings allowances applicable to employees in the Netherlands; an individual savings allowance of 3.5% and a collective savings allowance to compensate for loss of pension benefits with respect to salary in excess of EUR 101,519.    

Key management personnel compensation (Supervisory Board)
in EUR thousands	2017		2016
Total compensation		1,022		1,088

The table above shows the fixed remuneration, expense allowances and attendance fees for the Supervisory Board for 2017 and 2016.

Loans and advances to key management personnel 1
	Amount outstanding 31 December				Average interest rate						Repayments
in EUR thousands	2017		2016		2017			2016			2017		2016
Executive Board members		2,681		2,849		1.8	%		2.6	%		–		150
Management Board Banking		550		532		2.3	%		3.8	%		–		–
Supervisory Board members		–		–		–			–			–		–
Total		3,231		3,381		–			–			–		150

¹  Year on year development includes changes due to change in composition of the Board.

Number of ING Groep N.V. shares and stock options to key management personnel
	ING Groep N.V. shares				Stock options on ING Groep N.V. shares
in numbers	2017		2016		2017		2016
Executive Board members		202,357		261,684		174,318		95,921
Management Board Banking		112,342		120,646		37,415		123,237
Supervisory Board members		172,734		172,734		113,385		226,864
Total number of shares and stock options		487,433		555,064		325,118		446,022

Key management personnel compensation is generally included in Staff expenses in the statement of profit or loss, except for key management personnel employed by entities that are presented as held for sale and discontinued operations in which case their compensation is included in the Total net result from discontinued operations.

Remuneration of the Executive Board and Management Board Bank is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in Staff expenses as part of Total expenses. The total remuneration of the Executive Board and Management Board Bank as disclosed in the table above includes all variable remuneration related to the performance year 2016. Under IFRS, certain components of variable remuneration are not recognised in the statement of profit or loss directly, but are allocated over the vesting period of the award. The comparable amount recognised in Staff expenses in 2017 and included in Total expenses in 2017, relating to the fixed expenses of 2017 and the vesting of variable remuneration of earlier performance years, is EUR 15 million (2016: EUR 16 million).

XML

ING's Restructuring

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

ING's Restructuring

50 ING’s Restructuring

In the course of the 2008 financial crisis ING accepted State Aid, which required ING to restructure and divest its insurance and investment management businesses. With the listing of Voya Financial, on the New York Stock Exchange, ING divested its US insurance and investment management business by March 2015. The sale of the final shares in NN Group, ING’s former European/Japanese insurance and investment management business, completed the restructuring in 2016.

XML

Subsequent events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Subsequent events

51 Subsequent events

On 29 January 2018 ING announced it had reached agreement to acquire a 75% stake in Payvision. Payvision is a Netherlands based payments service provider with a total estimated value of EUR 360 million. The transaction is not expected to have material impact on ING’s CET1 ratio.

XML

Risk management section

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Risk management section

2.2.1 Risk management section

ING Group Risk Management

As a global financial institution with a strong European base, offering banking services, ING is exposed to a variety of risks. ING operates through a comprehensive risk management framework and integrates risk management in its daily business activities and strategic planning. This ensures the identification, measurement and control of risks at all levels of the organisation so that ING Group’s financial strength is safeguarded. Taking measured risks is the core of ING’s business.

Risk management supports the Executive Board in formulating the risk appetite, strategies, policies, limits and provides a review, oversight and support function throughout ING on risk-related items. The main financial risks ING is exposed to are credit risk (including transfer risk), market risk (including interest rate, equity, real estate, credit spread, and foreign exchange risks), funding & liquidity risk and business risk. Furthermore, ING is also exposed to non-financial risks, e.g. operational and compliance risks. The ING Group Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is also the CRO of ING Bank. Therefore, he is responsible for the day-to-day Risk Management of the Group and the Bank. The way ING manages these risks on a day-to-day basis is described in this Risk Management section. The ‘Risk management’ section in the Integrated Annual Report is an integral part of the audited consolidated annual accounts.

The Risk Management section describes the key risks that arise from ING’s business model. It explains how the risk management function is embedded within the organisation based on the ‘three lines of defence’. The key risks resulting from the bank’s business model are managed by dedicated and specific risk management departments that each covers its own area of expertise. The risk management disclosures provide qualitative and quantitative disclosures about credit, market, liquidity and funding, business and non-financial risks.

The risk management section is in line with the accounting standards relating to the nature and the extent of the risks as required by IFRS7 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’ as adopted by the European Union and covered by an opinion of the External Auditor as part of the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Disclosures in accordance to Part Eight of the CRR and CRD IV, and as required by the supervisory authority, are published in our ‘Additional Pillar III Report’, which can be found on our corporate website ing.com.

Purpose and business model

The purpose of ING’s risk management function is to support the ambition of ING to be the primary bank for our customers, empowering the business through an integrated, state of the art, enterprise-wide risk management platform. The following principles support this purpose:

• The risk management function is embedded in all levels of ING’s organisation and is part of the daily business activities and strategic planning to have a sustainable competitive advantage;

• Products and portfolios are structured, underwritten, priced, approved and managed properly and compliance with internal and external rules is monitored;

• Delegated authorities are consistent with the overall bank strategy and risk appetite; and

• Transparent communication to internal and external stakeholders on risk management.

Risk governance

Effective risk management requires a firm-wide risk governance. ING’s risk and control structure is based on the ‘three lines of defence’ governance model, whereby each line has a specific role and defined responsibilities in such a way that the execution of tasks is separated from the control of the same tasks. At the same time, they have to work closely together to identify, assess and mitigate risks. This governance framework ensures that risk is managed in line with the risk appetite as approved by the Management Board Banking (MBB), the EB and the SB, and is cascaded throughout ING. The MBB is composed of the Executive Board of ING Group and the managers of the business lines.

The head of ING’s line of business and their delegates form the first line of defence and have primary accountability for the performance, operations, compliance and effective control of risks affecting their respective businesses. They originate loans, deposits and other products within applicable frameworks and limits, they know our customers well and are well-positioned to act in both the customers’ and ING’s best interest. The COO is responsible and accountable for proper security and controls on both local and global applications and IT-platforms servicing the bank.

The second line of defence consists of oversight functions with a major role for the risk management organisation headed by the Chief Risk Officer (CRO), who has ultimate responsibility. Risk Management at the corporate level is responsible for (i) the development of overall policies and guidance, (ii) objectively challenge the execution, management and control processes and (iii) coordinate the reporting of risks and controls by the first line of defence. It also has an escalation/veto power in relation to business activities that are judged to present unacceptable risks to ING.

The internal audit function forms the third line of defence. It provides an on-going independent (i.e. outside of the businesses and the risk organisation) and objective assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls of the first two lines, including financial and non-financial risk management

The graph below illustrates the different key senior management level committees in place in the risk governance structure.

Board level risk oversight

ING has a two-tier board structure consisting of a management board (Executive Board (EB) for ING Group and Management Board Banking (MBB) for ING Bank) and the Supervisory Board (SB); both tiers play an important role in managing and monitoring the risk management framework.

• The SB is responsible for supervising the policy of the EB and the MBB, the general course of affairs of ING Group, ING Bank and its business (including its financial policies and corporate structure). For risk management purposes the SB is advised by two of its sub-committees:

• The Audit Committee, which assists the SB in monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of ING Group and ING Bank, in monitoring the compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, and in monitoring the independence and performance of ING’s internal and external auditors; and

• The Risk Committee, which assists and advises the SB in monitoring the risk profile and approving the risk limits of the company as well as the structure and operation of the internal risk management and control systems.

• The EB is responsible for managing risks associated with all activities of ING Group, whereas the MBB is responsible for managing risks associated with all activities of ING Bank. The EB and MBB responsibilities include ensuring that internal risk management and control systems are effective and that ING Group and ING Bank comply with relevant legislation and regulations. On a regular basis, the EB and MBB report on these issues and discusses the internal risk management and control systems with the SB. On a quarterly basis, the EB and MBB report on the ING’s risk profile versus its risk appetite to the Risk Committee, explaining changes in the risk profile.

As a member of the EB and the MBB, the CRO ensures that risk management issues are heard and discussed at the highest level, thus establishing the appropriate tone at the top. The CRO steers a functional, independent risk organisation both at head-office and business-unit levels, which supports the commercial departments in their decision-making, but at the same time has sufficient countervailing power to keep the agreed risk profile within the risk tolerance. Every quarter, the CRO reports to the SB committees on ING’s risk appetite levels and on ING’s risk profile. In addition, the CRO briefs the SB committees on developments in internal and external risk related issues and ensures the SB committees understand specific risk concepts.

As part of the integration of risk management into the annual strategic planning process, the MBB annually issues a Planning Letter which provides the corporate strategic direction and addresses key risk issues. Based on the Planning Letter, the business lines and business units develop their business plans which align with the bank’s strategic direction. The process includes a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the risks involved. As part of the process, strategic limits and risk appetite levels are explicitly discussed. Based on the business plans, the MBB formulates the Strategic Plan which is submitted to the SB for approval.

Executive level

The key risk committees described below act within the overall risk policy and delegated authorities granted by the MBB:

• Global Credit & Trading Policy Committee (GCTP) discusses and approves policies, methodologies and procedures related to credit, trading, country and reputation (Environmental and social risk or ESR) risks. The GCTP meets on a monthly basis. In addition, the Credit & Trading Risk Policy Committee (CTRC) is the highest level body, with the exception of ING Global Credit & Trading Policy Committee (GCTP) and the Management Board Banking, authorised to discuss and approve policies, methodologies and procedures related to Credit Risk;

• Global Credit Committee – Transaction Approval (GCC(TA)) discusses and approves transactions which entail taking credit risk (including investment risk), country, legal and ESR risk. The GCC(TA) meets twice a week;

• Asset and Liability Committee Bank (ALCO Bank) discusses and approves on a monthly basis the overall risk profile of all ING Bank’s balance sheet and capital management risks that occur as part of its activities. ALCO Bank defines the policy regarding funding, liquidity, interest rate mismatch and solvency for ING; and

• Non-Financial Risk Committee Bank (NFRC Bank) is accountable for the design and maintenance of the Non-Financial Risk Management Framework including Operational Risk Management, Compliance and Legal policies, minimum standards, procedures and guidelines; the NFRC structure; development of tools, methods and key parameters (incl. major changes) for risk identification, measurement and monitoring/ reporting. The minimum frequency of the NFRC Bank is at least quarterly.

The Finance and Risk Committee (F&RC) is a platform for the CRO and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), along with their respective direct reports, to coordinate issues that relate to both the finance and risk domains. On reporting level, F&RC has the responsibility to coordinate finance and risk decisions that have an impact on internal and/or external reporting. This includes advising on and reviewing of issues that impact the financial condition of ING.

Regional and business unit level

The CRO is supported by regional and/or business unit CROs focussing on specific risks in the geographical and/or business areas of their responsibilities. ING’s regional and/or business unit management have primary responsibility for the management of risks (credit, market, funding and liquidity, operational and compliance risks) that arise in their daily operations. They are accountable for the implementation and execution of appropriate risk frameworks affecting their businesses to ensure compliance with procedures and processes at corporate level. The implementation is adapted if necessary to local requirements.

The local (regional and BU) CRO is responsible for the analysis, control and management of risks across the whole value chain (from front to back office), based on which a robust control structure is maintained.

Risk management function

Organisational structure

Over the past years, banks have been faced with regulatory and public pressure with regard to their risk management policies, processes and systems. New requirements and regulations have been introduced and implemented. To be able to effectively address these internal and external (market and regulatory) developments and challenges, ING started to redesign the set-up of its risk-management organisation in 2015. The purpose of this redesign is to better support the Bank’s Think Forward strategy and enhance the interconnection between the risk oversight responsibilities in the business units on one hand, and the global risk functions on the other hand.

As announced in 2016, ING is accelerating its Think Forward strategy. Therefore, ING has introduced a number of initiatives to enhance the customer experience, further grow primary customers and lending, and increase efficiency. For Risk, it has initiated a Target Operating Model (TOM) programme to enable further convergence of our operations, which resulted in the establishment of a new risk organisation as of 1 March 2017.

In line with this TOM, the new global Risk function has a two-tier governance structure. This new structure has resulted in a reshuffle of the tasks carried out by Risk Management, both at Tier 1 and Tier 2 level. Some of the activities have been transferred from the second to the first Line of Defence (i.e. operational risks) and also some responsibilities have shifted between Tier 1 and Tier 2 (i.e. more responsibility at Tier 1 for Tier 1 risk issues). The risk officer in Tier 1 focuses more on risk management within the local unit and in Tier 2 the focus is on setting policies and on monitoring the work in Tier 1 (i.e. more responsibility in managing its own risk issues, and determining and putting in place adequate controls).

Tier 1 level consists of regional and/or business unit CROs. These CROs bear direct responsibility for risk (mitigating) decisions in the respective area of responsibility, and report directly to ING’s CRO and to the head of their regional area and business unit. This dual reporting system aims to ensure that the local risk management function is independent from the operating functions and that it is aligned with the corporate risk policies and goals.

Tier 2 level compromises of corporate risk departments headed by General Managers directly reporting to the CRO. The corporate risk departments support the CRO to set the risk appetite, develop corporate policies, rules and global procedures, and manage the risk infrastructure. It is composed of 4 main departments which are Financial Risk, Non-Financial Risk, Model Risk Management and the Risk COO. The purpose of Financial Risk (FR) is to set the risk strategy across the organisation to control the financial risk and financial-related regulatory risk, while Non-Financial Risk (NFR) focuses on operational and compliance risks. Model Risk Management is responsible for policy setting in the domain of model risk, validating regulatory and non-regulatory models. The last department is the Risk COO which operates as a Shared Service Centre for the global risk community. Furthermore, the General Managers and the CRO are responsible for the harmonisation and standardisation of risk management practices.

In addition, the CRO has one staff department in place:

• Risk & Capital Integration (R&CI) reports functionally to the CRO and is responsible for overarching risk topics such as risk appetite, disclosures, recovery and resolution planning and stress testing. Also, R&CI is involved in capital and balance sheet planning, and managing the ICAAP (Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process). Until end 2017, Risk and Capital Integration had a double reporting line, functionally to the CRO and hierarchically to the Head of Capital Management. As of 1 January 2018 the double reporting line has been changed into a single reporting line to the CRO.

The organisation chart below illustrates the reporting lines in 2017 for the risk organisation:

Risk policies, procedures and standards

ING has a framework of risk management policies, procedures and minimum standards in place to create consistency throughout the organisation, and to define requirements that are binding to all business units. The goal of the governance framework of the local business units is to align with ING’s framework and to meet local (regulatory) requirements. Senior management is responsible to ensure policies, procedures and standards are implemented and adhered to. Policies, procedures and standards are regularly reviewed and updated via the relevant risk committees to reflect changes in markets, products and practices.

Risk model governance and validation

Risk models are built according to internal risk modelling methodology standards and model life cycle, in line with regulatory requirements. After thorough review and documentation of the model by Model Development (MD) and Model Risk Management (MRM) departments, specific model risk committees for each risk type approve new models. After approval by the specific risk committee, and where necessary the regulator, a new risk model is implemented and approved for use. In addition, MRM validates each model on a regular basis. Validation results and its capital impact are reported on a quarterly basis to senior management, the risk committee and to the supervisor.

An independent MRM department is one of the cornerstones of ING’s risk model governance. It consists of the process of determining that a model is appropriate for its intended use. It is an on-going process whereby the reliability of the model is verified at different stages during its lifecycle: at conception, before approval, periodically after implementation, and when significant changes to the model are made. The validation process contains a mix of developmental evidence, process verification and outcome analysis.

The MRM department independently reviews the performance of ING’s risk models. In addition to (i) evaluating the underlying model parameters, (ii) ensuring continued applicability of the models for the relevant portfolios, and (iii) discussing the model performance with front office and risk users of the models, MRM also (iv) tests the observed performance of a model (and its components) with the predicted level. Where the observed results deviate from the predicted results becomes a candidate for either re-calibration or redevelopment.

Risk culture

The risk management framework based on the three lines of defence governance model is effective when a sound and consistent risk culture is present throughout the whole organisation. The reputation and integrity of ING’s organisation are considered key requirements to operate successfully in the financial world. It promotes awareness of collectively shared values, ideas and goals but also of potential threats and it ensures alignment of individual performance objectives with the short- and long-term strategy. ING believes that embedding the risk culture and awareness in the organisation leads to effective risk management. ING therefore aims to make risk responsibilities transparent within the different levels of the organisation and hold every employee accountable for his/her acts.

Commonly seen as norms and traditions of behaviour of individuals and of groups within an organisation, risk culture determines the way in which employees identify, understand, discuss, and act on the risks the organisation is confronted with and the risks it takes. This is a continuous long-term commitment and journey. In this respect, The Orange Code has been set as a declaration of who we are. It describes what we can expect from each other when we turn up to work each day. It is a set of standards that we collectively value, strive to live up to, and invite others to measure us by.

The Orange Code is the sum of two parts, the ING Values and ING Behaviours, with integrity being an important principle. The ING Values (being honest, prudent and responsible) are designed to be non-negotiable promises we make to the world, principles we seek to stick to, no matter what. The ING Behaviours (take it on and make it happen, help others to be successful, and be always a step ahead) represent our way to differentiate ourselves. The Orange Code is embedded in commitments we make to each other and the standards by which we will measure each other’s performance.

To support the embedding of risk culture into business practices, ING has initiated different programmes and issued several guidelines. Risk awareness is to be alert to potential threats that can occur during day-to-day business, which can be specific to the sector, the region or the clients ING is doing business with. Part of the training curriculum to increase risk awareness is the Promoting Integrity Programme (PIP), which is a long-term, global, educational and behavioural change programme supported by the EB and MBB for all ING employees. With the programme, ING aims to gain a sound risk culture and to ensure that every employee in every part of the organisation understands how his/her actions and behaviour can help earn and retain customer and stakeholder trust. Recently, additional modules with current topics, were added to the programme, among others on integrity and cybersecurity. To enhance risk awareness, these topics are discussed between managers and employees through dialogue sessions that managers organise within their teams to create clear and consistent understanding. The endorsement from the executive level and the emphasis in the communication strengthen the culture.

In the Netherlands, employees of all financial institutions – and that includes ING – are required to take the Banker’s Oath. This legal requirement came into force on 1 April 2015 as part of the joint approach from all banks, known as ‘Future-oriented Banking’. With the introduction of such social regulation, the revision of the Dutch Banking Code and the implementation of a banker’s oath (with the associated rules of conduct and disciplinary law), the banks want to show to society what they stand for and what they can be held accountable for, both as individual banks and the banking sector as a whole.

Lastly, ING aims to align its remuneration policy with its risk profile and the interests of all stakeholders. For more information on ING’s compensation and benefits policies and its relation to the risk taken, please refer to the “Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) Remuneration disclosure” published on the corporate website ing.com. https://www.ing.com/About-us/Annual-reporting-suite.htm

Risk cycle process

ING uses a step-by-step risk management approach to monitor, mitigate and manage its financial and non-financial risks. The approach consists of a cycle of five recurrent activities: risk identification, risk assessment, risk control, risk monitoring and risk reporting. In short, this implies: determine what the risks are, assess which of those risks can really do harm, take mitigating measures to control these risks, monitor the development of the risk and if measures taken are effective and report the findings to management at all relevant levels to enable them to take action when needed.

The recurrence is twofold. One: identification, assessment and review, and update of mitigating measures are done periodically. Two: the periodical monitoring exercise may indicate emerging risks, known risks are changing, assessed risk levels are changing, or control measures are not effective enough. Further analyses of these findings may result in renewed and more frequent risk identification, and/or assessment, and/or change of mitigating measures.

Risk identification

Risk identification is a joint effort of the commercial business and the risk management functions. Its goal is to detect potential new risks and determine changes in known risks. Regular risk identification is essential for both the effectiveness and efficiency of risk management. Potential risks that are not identified, will not be controlled and monitored and may lead to surprises later. Known risks may have changed over time and as a consequence the existing mitigating measures and monitoring may be inadequate or obsolete.

Risk identification is performed periodically. In case of material internal or external change, additional ad-hoc risk identification can be performed.

Risk assessment and control

Each identified risk is assessed to determine the importance, or risk level, of the risk for the ING entity in scope. This enables the entity to decide which of the identified risks need control measures and how strict or tolerant these measures must be. Known risks are reassessed to either confirm the risk level or detect change.

The importance of a risk is assessed based on the likelihood the risk materialises and the subsequent financial or reputational impact should the risk occur. Unlikely risks with a potentially high impact need to be controlled. For a risk that is likely to happen regularly, but is expected to have a modest financial impact, business management may decide to not mitigate and accept the consequences when it happens.

Risks can be controlled by mitigating measures that either lower the likelihood the risk occurs, or measures that lower the impact when they occur. The ultimate measure to lower risk is to stop the activity or service that causes the risk (risk avoidance). Risk controlling/mitigating measures are defined and maintained at both bank wide and local level.

Monitoring and reporting

By monitoring the risk control measures, ING checks if they are executed, complied with, have the expected mitigating effects and follow the development of the risks and their risk levels. Risk reporting provides senior and local management with information they need to manage risk.

Risk Appetite Framework

ING uses an integrated risk management approach for its banking activities. The uses the Risk Appetite Framework (RAF) to set both boundaries for the Medium Term Plan (MTP) budget process and to monitor and manage the actual risk profile in relation to the risk appetite.

Process

The RAF is focused on setting the risk appetite at the consolidated level and across the different risk categories, and provides the principles for cascading this risk appetite down into the organisation. The RAF is approved by the SB on an annual basis, or more frequently if necessary based on their quarterly review in the EB and the MBB and in the SB. It is therefore essentially a top-down process, which bases itself on the ambition of the bank in terms of its risk profile and is a function of the capital and liquidity levels and ambitions, the regulatory environment and the economic context. The process is set up according to the following steps:

Step 1. Identify & assess ING’s key risks

Setting the RAF starts with a multi-dimensional step to identify and assess the risks ING is facing when executing its strategy. This step includes the following actions that are performed on an annual basis:

• detect unidentified risks that are not yet controlled within ING’s risk management function & assess their potential impact;

• benchmark current risk framework versus regulatory developments;

• re-assess known risks to confirm risk level or detect potential changes; and

• reflect on the current set of Risk Appetite Statements.

This annual risk assessment serves as input when defining the global risk appetite which – in line with its business model and risk ambition – is currently formulated as follows: ING has the ambition to be and remain a strong bank, resilient to possible adverse events on a standalone basis and able to address such developments based on its own strengths and resources.

To be able to execute the strategy, ING has formulated the following risk and capital targets:

• have a rating strong enough to support the execution of ING’s Funding & Capital issuance plan;

• be able to restore the capital and liquidity position following a stress situation on its own strength;

• be in a position to meet current and forthcoming regulatory requirements and targets; and

• have a risk profile that compares favourably to its main banking peers.

Step 2. Set Risk Appetite Framework

Based on ING’s risk assessment and risk ambition, specific targets are set for both financial and non-financial risks:

Financial risk

For financial risks, ING expresses its risk appetite as a tolerance allowed to key ratios deviating from their target levels. Therefore, the high level risk ambition is translated into quantitative targets for solvency risk, funding & liquidity risk and for concentration risk.

The solvency risk appetite is closely aligned with capital management activities and policies. ING has determined tolerances for its risk-weighted solvency position (CET1 ratio), for non-risk-weighted solvency (leverage ratio), for a more economic value based solvency (economic capital utilisation expressed via the Overall Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) Capital Requirement) and for a separate forward-looking risk appetite for earnings variability (earnings at risk). The CET1 ratio and leverage solvency risk appetite statements as well as profitability statement are not only compared to the actual reported level, but also include the potential impact of a standardised and pre-determined 1-in-10-year stress event (i.e. at a 90% confidence level with a 1-year horizon). Based on this mild stress scenario, the impact on ING’s earnings, revaluation reserve and risk-weighted assets (RWA) is calculated (these are labelled earnings-at-risk, revaluation reserve-at-risk and RWA-at-risk). In addition, the impact on economic value is calculated where a more severe stress scenario for the economic capital is adhered to. These stressed figures are used as input for a two-year simulation which depicts the developments of ING’s solvency level versus its risk appetite.

Funding and liquidity risk management has two dimensions: liquidity risk management focuses on having a sufficient buffer to cope with the short-term situation, funding risk management ensures long-term compliance with both internal and external targets. Managing funding and liquidity risk focuses both on ‘business as usual’ (based on the run-off profile to show the stickiness of deposits combined with the run-off of assets without new production) and on a stressed situation. In the stressed situation, we use for liquidity risk the time to survive under a specific scenario, while for funding risk we focus on having a stable funding profile.

The concentration risk appetite set at the consolidated level are directly translated into corresponding limits in the underlying risk appetite statements for profitability risk, credit risk, market risk and funding & liquidity risk. Further details may be found in the dedicated sections (credit risk, market risk and funding & liquidity risk).

The business risk appetite statement is focusing on earnings stability and diversification, as avoiding to put all eggs in one basket reduces the risk that volumes and/or margins will suddenly drop due to unexpected changes in the business environment for certain markets and products. ING has determined for its business risk a geographical segmentation statement through the business mix and a total income classification statement (based on a minimum of Fee and Commission Income).

Non-financial risk

For non-financial risks, levels are set according to what ING is willing to tolerate in pursuit of the strategic objectives of the bank, to ensure that the organisation’s actual risk exposure is commensurate with its strategic objectives and that exposure moving beyond the tolerance risk levels is timely identified and acted upon.

ING measures and monitors its exposure to non-financial risk on an ongoing basis by assessing risks, analysing scenarios and mitigating actions as a result of audit and risk assessment findings. The aggregation of the assessed risk levels is expressed in an expected loss figure on non-financial risk, which is compared to the tolerance levels as captured in the NFR Risk Appetite Statements (RAS) based on a percentage of the MTP-income. Furthermore, reported actual losses per financial reporting year and weighted overdue percentages for audit & risk assessment findings must be below a certain threshold. The overall non-financial risk levels and tolerance breaches are periodically reported through the Non-Financial Risk Dashboard (NFRD). The NFRD provides an overview of key risks within the non-financial risk areas on a quarterly basis. Changes in capital are monitored and reported in the NFRD as well. In case risk events cause ING to move towards or beyond the tolerance level, management is required to undertake action.

On compliance risk, ING aims to meet its obligations, to adhere to the spirit as well as to the letter of applicable laws and regulation, ING policies and minimum standards, the values and behaviours as defined in the Orange Code, and to act upon identified compliance breaches swiftly and diligently.

Step 3. Cascade into statements per risk type and business unit

Risk appetite is translated per risk type, which is further cascaded down into the organisation to the lowest level. Risk appetite statements are then translated into dedicated underlying risk limits which are used for day-to-day monitoring and management of ING’s risks.

For financial risks, a sequence of different risk appetite frameworks is implemented to address the most significant risks. This implies that a whole framework of credit risk limits is in place that monitors the overall quality of ING’s credit portfolio and all underlying portfolios. In addition, specific concentration risk appetites are defined on product level, geographic level and (single name) counterparty level which are cascaded down into the organisation. The risk appetite for the trading book activities within Financial Markets is accompanied by a risk appetite framework for market risks in the banking books. For both types of market risk, limits at ING level are translated into the organisation. The funding & liquidity risk appetite statements that are defined on ING level are translated into the organisation, taking the funding & liquidity specific situation of each (solo) unit into account. Risk appetite for non-financial risk is cascaded to the divisions and business units through a set of quantitative and qualitative statements. The risk appetite at ING level is applicable to all divisions and business units. The suite of risk appetite statements serves as input for the MTP process as well as for the establishment of key performance indicators and targets for senior management.

Step 4. Monitor and manage underlying risk limits

In order to verify that it remains within the risk appetite framework as it is executing its budget, ING reports its risk positions vis-à-vis its limits on a regular basis towards senior management committees. The Risk and Capital Management Report reflecting the exposure of ING against the risk appetite targets is submitted quarterly, after discussion by F&RC, to the EB and the MBB and to the (Risk Committee of the) SB.

Stress testing

Stress testing is an important risk management tool that provides input for strategic decisions and capital planning. The purpose of stress testing is to assess the impact of plausible but severe stress scenarios on ING’s capital and liquidity position. Stress test provides insights in the vulnerabilities of certain portfolios, with regards to adverse macroeconomic circumstances, stressed financial markets and changes in the (geo)political climate.

Types of stress tests

Within ING, different types of stress tests are performed. The most comprehensive type of stress tests are the firm-wide scenario analyses, which involve setting scenario assumptions for all the relevant macroeconomic and financial market variables in all countries relevant to ING. These assumptions usually follow a qualitative narrative that provides background to the scenario. In addition to firm-wide scenario analyses, ING executes scenario analyses for a specific country or portfolio. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are performed, which focus on stressing one or more risk drivers; usually without an underlying scenario narrative. The 1-in-10-year stress scenario used in the risk appetite framework is an example of a sensitivity analysis. Finally, ING performs reverse stress tests, which aim to determine scenarios that could lead to a pre-defined severe adverse outcome.

Process

The stress testing process of ING consists of several stages, which are summarised in the diagram below.

Step 1. Risk assessment & scenario selection

ING formally determines its main risks on an annual basis through the execution of a so called risk assessment. Senior management, business representatives and risk specialists are involved in this process which covers risks in the macroeconomic circumstances, political and regulatory developments as well as portfolio specific risks. Based on the risk assessment, scenarios are selected to be evaluated in the remainder of the year The results of the risk assessment and scenario selection are discussed and endorsed in the Stress Testing Steering Committee (STSC). All stakeholders are represented in the STSC, such as representatives of the different Corporate Risk departments, Capital Management, Finance and the Global Research organisation. The STSC submits the results of the risk assessment and scenario selection to the F&RC for discussion and advice.

Step 2. Scenario parameter setting

After determination of the high level scenarios, further elaboration of them is necessary. Scope, assumptions and input parameters such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, interest rates and real estate price changes are defined for the countries involved in the exercise. The parameters are discussed in the STSC and subsequently in the F&RC.

Step 3. Data processing & proposal mitigating actions

When the scenario parameters have been finalised, the impact of the scenario on the solvency and liquidity position is determined. Based on the scenario values for the relevant macro-economic and financial market variables, the impact on amongst others P&L, revaluation reserves, RWA and liquidity buffers are calculated. These outcomes are subsequently used to calculate the evolution of relevant solvency and liquidity ratios, such as the common equity Tier-1 (CET1) capital ratio, the leverage ratio and the net liquidity position.

As for the previous steps, the calculated impacts of the scenario are first discussed and endorsed in the STSC followed by the BF&RC. Depending on the outcomes of the stress test and the likelihood of the scenario, mitigating actions may be proposed. Approval of these mitigating actions takes place in the EB and the MBB.

Step 4. Execution of mitigating actions

After the EB and MBB has approved the mitigating actions, they need to be executed. Mitigating actions may include, but are not limited to, sales or transfers of assets, reductions of risk limits, intensification of our contacts with regulators or other authorities.

Methodology

For the calculation of the impact of the scenarios detailed and comprehensive models are used. In these models, statistical analysis is combined with expert opinion to make sure that the results adequately reflect the scenario assumptions. The methodologies are granular and portfolio-specific and use different macro-economic and market variables as input variables. The stress testing models are subject to a thorough review by the Model Validation department.

Economic and Regulatory Capital

Economic Capital (EC) and Regulatory Capital (RC) are the main sources of capital allocation within ING. Both of these capital metrics are used to determine the amount of capital that a transaction or business unit requires to support the economic and regulatory-based risks it faces. The concept of EC differs from RC in the sense that RC is the mandatory amount of capital that is defined under Pillar I while EC is the best estimate of Pillar II capital that ING uses internally to manage its own risk. EC is a non-accounting measure that is inherently subject to dynamic changes and updated as a result of ING’s portfolio mix and general market developments. ING continuously recalibrates the underlying assumptions behind its economic capital model which may have an impact on the values of EC going forward.

EC is defined as the amount of capital that a transaction or business unit requires in order to support the economic risks it takes. EC is focusing on the bank activities within ING Bank consolidated and therefore only available per that scope. In general, EC is measured as the unexpected loss above the expected loss at a given confidence level. This economic capital definition is in line with the net market value (or surplus) definition. The EC calculation is used as part of the CRR/CRD IV Pillar II Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) and the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) that is performed regularly by the supervisor.

The following fundamental principles and definitions have been established for the model:

• ING Bank uses a one-sided confidence level of 99.95% and a one-year time horizon to calculate EC;

• It is assumed that all currently known measurable sources of risk are included;

• The best estimate risk assumptions are as objective as possible and based on thorough statistical analysis.;

• The EC calculations reflect known embedded options and the influence of customer behaviour in banking products;

• The EC calculations are on a before tax basis and do not consider the effect of regulatory requirements on capital levels; and

• The framework does not include any franchise value of the business, discretionary management intervention or future business volumes and margins.

Regulatory environment

After the turmoil in the financial markets and the subsequent need for governments to provide aid to financial institutions, financial institutions have been under more scrutiny from the public, supervisors and regulators. This has resulted in more stringent regulations intended to avoid future crises in the financial system and taxpayers’ aid in the future.

Basel III revisions, CRR/CRD IV and upcoming regulations

On 23 November 2016, the European Commission published legislative proposals to amend and supplement certain provisions of the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR), the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) and the Single Resolution Mechanism Regulation (the SRM Regulation). The proposals are wide-ranging and may have significant effects on ING, including with regard to the total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) or the minimum requirement own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) it must maintain. On 25 October 2017, it was announced that the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission agreed on elements of the review of the BRRD, CRR and CRD proposed in November 2016. The first consolidated CRR text with the amendments to the initial Commission’s Proposal has been shared with the delegations. This shows that the Council discussions are progressing quickly reaching agreement on most of the topics.

In December 2017, the Basel III revisions were formally announced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). These new prudential rules for banks consist of a revision to the standardised approach to credit risk, the introduction of a capital floor based on standardised approaches, the use of internal models, limitation of options for modelling operating risks, and new rules for the establishment of risk-weighted items and unused credit lines at the banks. ING believes it is good that there is now more clarity. With a long implementation phase and the transposition into EU regulation still pending, some question marks remain on how this will shape up. We will meet the final requirements and as before we will continue executing our strategy for our clients and delivering growth at good returns.

Principles for Effective Risk Data Aggregation and Risk Reporting

In January 2013, the BCBS published Principles for Effective Risk Data Aggregation and Risk Reporting (also known as BCBS239). BCBS239 consists of fourteen principles to strengthen a bank’s risk data aggregation and risk reporting practices. Collectively implementing these principles will enhance risk management and decision-making processes at banks. Banks indicated as G-SIBs, including ING, were required to implement the principles by 2016.

The implementation by our dedicated teams has covered all key BCBS239 principles, resulting in improvements across the data management and reporting chain. By incorporating the BCBS239 principles in ING’s internal control Framework, the principles have become a key driver of ING’s data aggregation and risk reporting practices. Also in today’s continuously changing environment, ING will ensure that key risk data aggregation and reporting practices remain aligned with the BCBS239 principles.

Targeted Review of Internal Models

In order to make capital levels more comparable and to reduce variability in banks’ internal models, the European Central Bank (ECB) introduced the Targeted Review of Internal Models (TRIM) in June 2017 to assess reliability and comparability between banks’ models. The TRIM aims to create a level playing field by harmonising the regulatory guidance around internal models, and the ultimate goal is to restore trust in the use of internal models by European banks. The operating consequences of the TRIM exercise have been significant. The TRIM is expected to finalise in 2019, and could impact ING through more stringent regulation on internal models.

Top and emerging risks

The risks listed below are defined as material existing and emerging risks that may have a potentially significant impact on our financial position or our business model. They may have a material impact on the reputation of the company, introduce volatility in future results of operations or impact ING’s medium and long-term strategy including the ability to pay dividends, maintain appropriate levels of capital or meet capital and leverage ratio targets. An emerging risk is defined as a risk that has the potential to have a significant negative effect on our performance, but currently difficult to quantify the impact on the organisation than for other risk factors that are not identified as emerging risks.

The topics have emerged either as part of the annual Risk Assessment that is performed as part of the Stress Testing Framework or from the Risk Appetite Framework. The sequence in which the risks are presented below is not indicative of their likelihood of occurrence or the potential magnitude of their financial consequences.

During 2017, several changes were made to our top and emerging risks. The top risks in 2017 are still related to the Brexit decision, cybercrime and persistent low interest rates. Also, ‘Climate change risk’ remains an emerging risk, reflecting the impact a deterioration of the climate may have for the financial position and/or reputation of ING.

Macroeconomic developments

The economic environment further improved in 2017 marked by strong growth in the United States and a robust recovery in the eurozone. However, the outcome of Brexit, persistent low interest rates and geopolitical risks are sources of uncertainty.

The sustained low interest rate environment in Europe, where central banks held their rates at very low and even negative levels in some countries, negatively impacted short-term as well as long-term market rates. The typical interest rate position at ING is that the duration of the assets is slightly higher than the duration of the liabilities. Given this mismatch, decreasing interest rates are under normal circumstances favourable for the interest income of ING: liabilities reprice more quickly than assets, and therefore the average interest rates paid on liabilities should adapt more quickly to lower market interest rates.

However, given the current unusual situation with persistent low interest rates, ING intensified the management of its interest-rate risk exposure and successfully increased the Net Interest Margin (NIM) on its lending and customer deposits in 2017. On mortgages, the prepayment incentive for clients is at a relatively high level because of the difference between the rates of the existing mortgage portfolio and the prevailing low market rates. On savings, NII and NIM remained stable, while room for further reduction of client rates on savings deposits is almost absent.

Last year’s decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union (‘Brexit’) remains a major political and economic event that continues to effect sentiment. Economic growth in the UK has slowed against a background of continued uncertainty about the future relationship with the European Union, and increased volatility is present due to the uncertainty of a soft or hard Brexit outcome. Although ING has activities in the UK through the Wholesale Banking (WB) business line, no material asset quality deterioration following the Brexit decision has taken place.

Another element which can affect the real economy and gives rise to geopolitical risk is the instability in international relationships. In this perspective, ING continued to carefully monitor international developments. In addition, rising populism due to increasing social inequality, polarisation and unemployment is seen as a material geopolitical risk. As a consequence of the rising populism in the eurozone, a euro breakup is considered as a potential adverse event.

Cybercrime

Cybercrime remains a continuous threat to companies in general and to financial institutions specifically. Both the frequency and the intensity of attacks increase on a global scale. Threats from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), targeted attacks (also called Advanced Persistent Threats) and Ransomware have intensified worldwide. ING builds on its cybercrime resilience through its dedicated Cyber Crime Expertise and Response Team, further enhancing the control environment to protect, detect and respond to e-banking fraud, DDoS and targeted attacks. Additional controls continue to be embedded in the organisation as part of the overall internal control framework and are continuously re-assessed against existing and new threats.

ING also works on strengthening its global cybercrime resilience including strong collaboration against cybercrime with the financial industry, law enforcement authorities, government (e.g. National Cyber Security Center) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

Climate change risk

The climate is changing and this is an unparalleled challenge to our world. The causes and the solutions to these challenges are complex, but we realise that it is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, in addition to natural climate variability. As a financial institution, we too have a responsibility and it may ultimately affect our results if our customers are affected.

In general, ING has an impact on the environment and society directly through the consumption of natural resources and its relationship with stakeholders, and indirectly through our financing. Therefore, climate change as a risk continues to intensify, looking at the public, regulatory and political concerns around its integration into the financial sector’s operations and strategy.

We can play a role in trying to find solutions. We have been climate neutral since 2007, adapting the organisation to the new world and taking effective measures to mitigate our impacts. We are aware that our greatest impact however, is through our financing portfolio. In addition to investing billions of euros in wind farms, solar energy and geothermal power production to support the energy transition, ING will not only stop providing lending services to new coal-fired power plants or coal mines but will also accelerate the reduction of financing to thermal-coal power generation to close to zero by 2025.

Credit risk

Introduction

Credit risk is the risk of loss from the default and/or credit rating deterioration of clients. Credit risks arise in ING’s lending, financial markets and investment activities. The credit risk section provides information on how ING measures, monitors and manages credit risk and gives an insight into the portfolio from a credit risk perspective.

Governance

Credit risk is a Tier 1 risk function within ING and is part of the second line of defence. It is managed within the CRO organisation by regional and/or business unit CROs focussing on specific risks in the geographical and/or business areas of their responsibilities. These are the CRO Wholesale Banking (WB), CRO Challengers & Growth Markets (C&G), CRO Netherlands and CRO Belgium. The Financial Risk department is a Tier 2 function, which ensures oversight at a consolidated level and is responsible for risk appetite setting, risk frameworks, model development and policies.

ING’s credit risk strategy is to maintain an internationally diversified loan and bond portfolio, avoiding large risk concentrations. The emphasis is on managing business developments within the business lines by means of a top-down risk appetite framework, which sets concentration limits for countries, individual clients, sectors, products, secondary risk (collateral/guarantees) and investment activities. The aim is to support relationship-banking activities, while maintaining internal risk/reward guidelines and controls.

Credit analysis at portfolio level is monitored using metrics such as economic capital, regulatory capital, exposure at default (EAD), probability of default (PD) and loss given default (LGD). To ensure efficient use of ING’s capital, the risk appetite is monitored and managed at portfolio level. Credit analysis at transactional level focuses on the risk amount, tenor, structure of the facility and profile of the borrower. ING’s credit risk managers make use of publicly available information, information provided by the client, peer group comparisons, industry comparisons and quantitative techniques.

Within ING, the ultimate approval authority for credit proposals resides with the MBB. The MBB has delegated authorities based on amounts, tenors and risk ratings to lower levels in the organisation. Transactions are approved via a dual signatory approval system that requires an individual sign-off from both front office and credit risk management. For larger and higher risk credits a committee structure exists whereby the credit risk chair takes the final decision with advice from the respective committee members, thereby ensuring accountability. Retail business units have delegated authority to decide within policies and mandates approved by credit risk. Any decisions outside those policies or above the delegated mandate require a specific credit risk approval.

The credit risk function encompasses the following activities:

• Measuring, monitoring and managing credit risks in the bank’s portfolio;

• Challenging and approving new and modified transactions and borrower reviews;

• Managing the levels of provisioning and risk costs, and advising on impairments; and

• Providing consistent credit risk policies, systems and tools to manage the credit lifecycle of all activities.

The following committees are in place to review and approve transactions and policies from a credit risk point of view:

• The GCTP which is authorised to approve policies, methodologies and procedures related to credit, trading, country and reputation risks on a high level for ING.

• The GCC(TA) is mandated to approve transactions with credit risks.

• The CTRC is authorised to approve policies, models, methodologies and procedures related to credit & trading risk on more detailed and operational level (with the exception of issues which are mandated to GCTP).

• The Model Development Committee (MDC) serves as a technical advisor to CTRC and is a planning body for future model development. The committee has a delegated mandate to approve credit risk models which cover smaller portfolios.

• A steering committee has been established to align overall model strategy, model risk appetite, supporting model frameworks, policies and methodologies.

• The ING Provisioning Committee (IPC) is the approval authority for loan loss provisions (LLP) for all entities.

Credit risk categories

Credit risk uses the following risk categories to differentiate between the different types of credit risk:

• Lending risk: arises when ING grants a loan to a client, or issues guarantees on behalf of a client. This includes term loans, mortgages, revolving credits, overdrafts, guarantees, letters of credit, etc. The risk is measured as the accounting value of the financial obligation that the client has to repay to ING, excluding any accrued and unpaid interest, discount/premium amortisations or impairments.

• Investment risk: is the credit default and risk rating migration risk that is associated with ING’s investments in bonds, commercial paper, equities, securitisations, and other similar publicly traded securities. This can be viewed as the worst-case loss that ING may incur as a result of holding a position in underlying securities whose Issuer’s credit quality deteriorates or defaults. All investments in the banking book are classified in the investment risk category. The primary purpose of ING’s investments in the banking books is for liquidity management.

• Money market (MM) risk: arises when ING places short-term deposits with a counterparty in order to manage excess liquidity. As such, money market deposits tend to be short-term in nature. In the event of a counterparty default, ING may lose the deposit placed. Money market risk is measured as the accounting value of the deposit, excluding any accrued and unpaid interest or the effect of any impairment.

• Pre-settlement (PS) risk: arises when a client defaults on a transaction before settlement and ING has to replace the contract by a trade with another counterparty at the then prevailing (possibly unfavourable) market price. This credit risk category is associated with derivatives transactions (exchange traded derivatives, OTC derivatives and securities financing transactions.

• Settlement risk: is the risk that arises when there is an exchange of value (funds or instruments) for the same value date or different value dates and receipt is not verified or expected until after ING has given irrevocable instructions to pay or has paid or delivered its side of the trade. The risk is that ING delivers but does not receive delivery from its counterparty. ING manages settlement risk in the same way as other risks including a risk limit structure per borrower. Due to the short term nature (1 day), ING does not hold provisions or capital for specific settlement risk. Although a relatively low risk, ING increasingly uses DVP (Delivery versus Payment) and safe settlement payment techniques to reduce settlement risk.

For the reconciliation between credit risk outstanding categories and financial assets we refer to table below:

Reconciliation between credit risk categories and financial assets
Credit risk categories	Mainly relates to:	Notes in the Annual Accounts
Lending risk	-Loans and advances to customers	Note 2 Cash and balances with central banks
	-Loans and advances to banks	Note 3 Loans and advances to banks
	-Cash and balances with central banks	Note 6 Loans and advances to customers
	-Off-balance sheet items e.g. obligations under financial guarantees and letters of credit and undrawn credit facilities	Note 44 Contingent liabilities and commitments
Investment risk	-Investments (available-for-sale and held-to-maturity)	Note 5 Investments
	-Loans and advances to customers	Note 6 Loans and advances to customers
Money market (MM) risk	-Cash and balances with central banks	Note 2 Cash and balances with central banks
	-Loans and advances to banks	Note 3 Loans and advances to banks
	-Loans and advances to customers	Note 6 Loans and advances to customers
Pre-settlement (PS) risk	-Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (trading assets	Note 4 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
	and non-trading derivatives)
	-Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (trading assets and non-trading derivatives)	Note 13 Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or Loss
	-Securities financing
Settlement risk	-Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (trading assets	Note 4 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
	and non-trading derivatives)	Note 5 Investments
	-Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (trading assets and non-trading derivatives)	Note 10 Other assets
	-Investments (available-for-sale and held-to-maturity)	Note 13 Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
	-Amounts to be settled	Note 15 Other liabilities

Credit Risk Appetite and Concentration Risk Framework

The credit risk appetite and concentration risk framework enables ING to prevent undesired high levels of credit risk and credit concentrations within various levels of the ING portfolio. It is derived from the following two concepts:

• Boundaries: a cap on the maximum event loss based on consolidated pre-tax result on each of the metrics of its risk appetite framework as well as its concentration risk framework (effectively Country Risk, Single Name, and Industry Sector).

• Instruments: supporting metrics, specifically for the concentration risk framework, which sets hard limits based on internal economic capital.

Credit risk appetite and concentration risk boundaries and instruments are set and reviewed on an annual basis and require approval from the Risk Committee of the SB.

Credit risk appetite statements

Credit risk appetite is the maximum level of credit risk ING is willing to accept for growth and value creation. This credit risk appetite is linked to the overall bank-wide risk appetite framework. The credit risk appetite is expressed in quantitative and qualitative measures. Having a credit risk appetite achieves:

• Clarity about the credit risks that ING is prepared to assume, target setting and prudent risk management;

• Consistent communication to different stakeholders;

• Guidelines how to align reporting and monitoring tools with the organisational structure and strategy; and

• Alignment of business strategies and key performance indicators of business units with ING’s credit risk appetite by means of the MTP.

Credit risk appetite is present across different levels within ING, at portfolio level as well as transaction level. The various credit risk appetite components at portfolio and transaction level together result in the credit risk appetite framework.

Credit risk appetite statements are defined top-down across the credit risk categories (lending, investment, money market and pre-settlement), and connected to ING high-level risk appetite across all risk types (solvency, credit, liquidity and funding, market, and non-financial risk). They consist of a set of high-level credit risk metrics: expected loss, economic capital, risk-weighted assets (RWA) and exposure at default. For each credit risk metric a boundary is set that is cascaded down and monitored on a monthly basis. The adherence to the boundaries and the pro-active approach to manage the portfolio within the risk appetite boundaries are part of the key performance indicators of the business line managers.

Country risk concentration

Country risk is the risk that arises due to events in a specific country (or group of countries). In order to manage the maximum country event loss ING is willing to accept, boundaries are approved by the SB that ensure ING’s consolidated 3-year average result before tax can absorb an estimated country event loss due to a country risk occurrence. The estimated level is correlated to the risk rating assigned to a given country.

Country risk is the risk of loss for ING associated with lending, pre-settlement, money market and investment transactions as a result of country risk events. A country risk event can be described as economic, financial and political shocks and transfer or exchange restrictions, affecting all counterparties in a specific country. The occurrence of a country risk event may cause all clients in a country to be unable to ensure timely payments, despite their willingness to meet their contractual debt obligations. As such, country risk is an additional factor to be taken into account in the credit approval process of individual customers, as the country risk event probability may impact the default probability of individual counterparties.

Complementary to the country boundaries, country instruments are defined to support the setting of an actual hard limit on a given country. The country instrument takes into account ING’s ability to actively reduce exposure without triggering either market distortion or tying up too much of its capital in a country. Country instruments are quantified by the maximum internal economic capital (INCAP) tolerance level in terms of consolidated BIS capital or the individual country’s outstanding domestic credit or gross domestic product.

By means of the instruments, actual country limits are set (each of which should not exceed the country’s boundary), reviewed monthly and updated when needed. In case of countries with elevated levels of geo-political or severe economic cycle risk the monitoring is performed on a more frequent basis with strict pipeline and exposure management to protect ING from adverse impacts.

Single name and industry sector concentration

Using the very same concepts of boundaries and instruments mentioned earlier, ING has additionally established a concentration risk framework in order to identify, measure and monitor:

• Single name concentration: losses due to the unexpected default of a single counterparty. These single name concentrations are capped both at individual single name level and aggregated top 5 single name level. The LGD of a single name concentration is measured against a maximum LGD amount. Large Exposures monitoring and reporting is one of the components of the single name framework.

• Industry sector concentration (systemic risk): substantial increase of the ING risk profile due to the joint deterioration of a group of correlated counterparties, sensitive to the same external (macro-economic) factor(s) related to the industry sector it is part of.

Product and secondary Risk Concentration

ING has additionally established a concentration framework to identify, measure and monitor:

• Product concentration: concentrations arising from exposure to same activities or commodities. These concentrations are capped through actual limits and monitored at retail and wholesale portfolio levels per geographical region.

• Secondary risk: risks arising from secondary exposures that ING has with insurance and re-insurance companies from which the Bank purchases insurance to protect itself against non-payment under primary exposures.

Scenarios and stress tests

Stress testing evaluates ING’s financial stability under severe but plausible stress scenarios and supports in decision-making that assures ING remains a financially going concern even after a severe event occurs. In addition to the bank-wide stress test framework as described in the Risk Management section, ING performs stress tests on a monthly basis in order to continually assess the portfolio risks and concentrations. These stress tests are consistent with the stress scenario as established in the group wide credit risk appetite framework. The stress tests are reviewed in the Risk & Capital Integration team and potential management actions are proposed, if necessary.

ING performs periodical stress tests based on a standardised and pre-determined 1-in-10 year-stress event (i.e. at 90% confidence level and 1 year horizon) which is similar to the one applied in the solvency risk appetite. Based on this confidence level, a through the cycle rating migration for the entire portfolio is simulated. For this simulated portfolio, provisions, RWA and Economic Capital are recalculated to assess what the combined impact of such a year would be. The additional credit RWA (CRWA) that ING should allocate in such an event is named CRWA-at-Risk. Additionally, ING calculates an Earnings-at-Risk which influences overall CET1 ratio.

Next to the periodical pre-determined stress test related to CRWA-at-Risk, ad-hoc stress tests based on severe but plausible scenarios are performed. These stress tests can be for internal purposes or at the request of the regulators and are input for future Credit Risk Appetite setting. Stress testing is used as an additional safety net. In addition to the Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 capital calculations, based on the results of various stress tests, ING ensures that adequate levels of capital (and liquidity) are available to sustain such severe but plausible scenarios.

Product approvals

Across ING a product approval and review process ensures effective management of risks associated with the introduction of new or modified products. It safeguards that sound due diligence is performed by relevant stakeholders to ensure that relevant risks (credit, operational, compliance, etc.) are adequately mitigated in the Product Approval and Review Process (PARP).

Risk programs

Within ING, risk programs are detailed analyses of defined products and/or industries. They identify the major risk drivers and risk mitigants, the internal business mandate, and propose the minimum risk (including business) parameters – and potentially the maximum product and/or portfolio limit—to undertake that business. A risk program is always prepared by the front office responsible for the internal business mandate and requires an approval from an approval authority. Risk programs may carry various names and/or may have geographical and/or business limitations (e.g. local vs global).

Reference benchmarks

A reference benchmark is the maximum appetite of credit risk per legal one obligor group. It is expressed as a (benchmark) exposure at the concentration risk level, which corresponds to (maximum) internal capital consumption for credit risk. It is used as a reference amount in the credit approval process and can be waived on the basis of proper credit risk arguments.

Credit approval process

The credit approval process ensures that individual transactions are assessed on a name-by-name basis. For each type of client there is a dedicated process with credit risk managers specialised along the business lines of ING. The credit approval process is supported by a risk rating system and exposure monitoring system. Ratings are used to indicate a client’s creditworthiness which translates into a probability of default. This is used as input to determine the maximum risk appetite that ING has for a given type of client (reference benchmark). The determination of the delegated authority (the amount that can be approved at various levels of the organisation) is a function of the risk rating of the client and ING’s credit risk exposure on the client.

Given the nature of the retail business, roles and responsibilities of the local credit risk policy are delegated to local retail credit risk management. However, the CRO C&G risk is informed of all local retail risk policies so as to monitor that local policies do not conflict with any global Financial Risk policies. This framework serves to ensure more global alignment while preserving existing empowerment of local units. As such, approval authorities differ depending on the materiality of the deviation between local policy and global policy.

Environmental and Social Risk Framework

ING makes a positive contribution to global economic growth and more sustainable development by promoting responsible lending and investment practices. The ESR policy framework incorporates assessment tools that are used in ING’s mainstream processes and systems. It is therefore fully integrated into regular client and transaction reviews.

The ESR policy framework is reviewed every three years on the basis of significant changes identified in the sectors that are more vulnerable to environmental and social risks and impacts. In addition, environmental and social risks for all lending transactions are reviewed during the periodic credit reviews. ESR transactions where funds will be used for asset based finance may require enhanced ESR due diligence e.g. application of the Equator Principles. Such enhanced ESR evaluation is also required for any high-risk transaction, such as those that impact indigenous people etc.

The snapshot of ING’s ESR Framework is as follows:

The ESR policy framework is fully embedded in ING’s mainstream approval processes and requires involvement of the following areas globally:

Client Assessment:

• Customer Domain Units (CDU): verify compliance with the applicable ESR policy. CDUs are responsible to assure that information in the Client ESR Assessment has been duly completed.

Transaction Assessment:

• Front Office: departments that originate transactions and have direct contact with the client or project sponsors;

• Risk Management: departments that provide control over front office activities and generally sign off on the environmental and social impacts for ’low risk’ or ‘medium risk’ transactions; and

• ESR department within risk management fully dedicated to assessing environmental and social impacts associated with ’high-risk’ transactions. Negative advice from the ESR department can only be waived by ING’s highest credit committee or the MBB. In practice such waivers are very exceptional.

ESR Policy Development and Governance:

• MBB / GCTP: Ultimate approval authority for approving new and updated ESR policies.

As the risk assessment processes are decentralized each front-office team must be highly familiar with ING’s environmental and social framework. Hence, ING makes significant investment in internal training programs to help CDUs, front office and risk management staff in assessing the environmental and social risks. In 2017 alone, 285 colleagues have been specifically trained on the ESR policy framework worldwide.

Credit risk capital and measurement

Credit risk capital

Regulatory capital is the minimum amount of capital (based on 99.90% confidence level) that ING must hold from a regulatory perspective as a cushion to be able to survive large unexpected losses.

RWA comparison

Comparison of RWA and risk weights across institutions is inherently challenging. Differences in RWA among banks have been classified by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in 3 categories:

1. Risk based drivers that stem from the differences in underlying risk at the exposure/portfolio level and in business models/ strategies including asset class mix;

2. Practice-based drivers including approaches to risk management and risk measurement; and

3. Regulatory environment such as supervisory practices, implementing laws and regulations including national discretion and accounting standards.

Risk based drivers

ING’s portfolio is dominated by secured lending especially in the areas of residential mortgages, leasing and commercial real estate. Secured lending tends to have a much lower LGD, given the collateral involved, which is a key driver of RWA calculations. Therefore the regulatory formula for residential mortgages tends to result in lower RWA, all other factors being equal.

Practice based drivers

ING has a conservative approach to non-performing exposures. Non-performing exposures are recognized early based on unlikely to pay triggers. For non-retail, ING typically classifies default based on a borrower rating and not a facility rating which means that a customer will only have one PD (probability of default) regardless of the type(s) of transactions done with ING. As a consequence, if one facility is in default, usually all facilities of the client are in default. Non-performing clients which were granted forbearance measures have an additional probation period of 1 year starting from the last moment they are classified as forborne, before returning to performing status.

Regulatory environment

ING’s primary supervising entity is the ECB, which is supported by many host supervisors. The ECB supervises adherence to regulatory rules: the regulatory framework defined in CRR/CRD, European Bank Authority (EBA) standards and ECB guidance. The ECB requires all ‘significant changes’ in internal models (PD, LGD and EAD) and policies to be reviewed and approved by the ECB, prior to implementation. Lower level model changes are either pre-notified or post-notified to the ECB.

Comparing capital levels across banks is a challenging exercise because of different risk profiles, differences in risk based drivers, practice based drivers and the regulatory environment (e.g. advanced internal rating based approach or the standardised approach). These factors have a substantial impact on the regulatory capital/RWA of a financial institution. ING continues to work with industry groups and strives to adhere to the latest BIS and EBA recommendations to improve the transparent reporting of the bank’s capital calculations.

Economic capital

Economic capital reflects ING’s own view on credit risk, which allows it to be used in decision-making processes (sub) portfolio level. Credit risk and transfer risk capital are calculated for all portfolios which contain credit or transfer risk, including investment portfolios. Economic capital is the minimum amount of capital required to cover unexpected losses within a 99.95% confidence level and a 12 months’ time horizon. It is used throughout ING in the decision-making process (mainly wholesale banking), in risk adjusted counterparty and portfolio profitability measurement tools (wholesale and retail banking), in investment and divestment decisions, in the country risk framework and in concentration risk management, including risk appetite statements (RAS).

Economic capital is calculated using the economic values of rating models (PD, EAD and LGD), in line with regulatory requirements.

An important characteristic of our IT systems and framework is that models are built for several purposes, including economic capital, regulatory capital and loan loss provision. These credit risk models are used throughout the organisation which is compliant with the Basel Use Test requirement and ensures active feedback on the risk parameters by business units.

Credit risk measurement

There are two ways to measure credit risk within ING’s portfolio, depending on whether the exposure is booked under an ING office which is permitted by the ECB to use the advanced internal rating based (AIRB) approach, or if it falls under the standardised approach (SA).

Standardised approach

The standardised approach applies a fixed risk weight to each asset as dictated by the CRR, and is based on the exposure class to which the exposure is assigned. As such, the Standardised Approach is the least sophisticated of the regulatory capital methodologies and is not as sensitive as the risk-based approach. Where external rating agency ratings are available, they may be used as a substitute to using the fixed risk weightings assigned by the Financial Supervisory Authorities. Because the underlying obligors are relatively small for exposures treated under SA, the underlying obligors tend not to have external ratings.

Advanced internal rating based approach

There are five main elements that drive the determination of risk-weighted assets under the AIRB approach.

• Probability of Default (PD): The first is the counterparty’s probability of default, which measures a counterparty’s creditworthiness in terms of likelihood to go into default. It attempts to measure the senior, unsecured standalone creditworthiness of an organisation without consideration of structural elements of the underlying transactions, such as collateral, pricing, or maturity. Each borrower has a rating which translates into a specific PD.

• Exposure at Default (EAD): The second element is the counterparty’s exposure at default. EAD models are intended to estimate the outstanding amount or obligation at the moment of default in the future. Since the fact that a client will go into default is not known, and the level of outstanding that may occur on that date is also not known, ING uses a combination of statistical and hybrid models to estimate the EAD. With the exception of guarantees and letters of credit, the EAD is always equal to or higher than the associated credit risk outstanding, under the assumption that clients tend to absorb liquidity from available credit resources before financial problems become apparent to the client’s creditors. EAD is largely a function of the type of credit facility (overdraft, revolving, term) offered to the borrower.

• Loss Given Default (LGD): The third element is the loss given default. LGD models are intended to estimate the amount ING would lose after liquidating collateral pledged in association with a given loan or financial obligation, or alternatively, from liquidating the company as a whole as part of a workout process. LGD models are based on cover types, estimated recovery rates given orderly liquidation, and (in)direct cost of liquidation.

• Maturity (M): The fourth element is the time to the maturity of the underlying financial obligation. Regulatory requirements (CRR/CRDIV) floor the maturity element at one year and cap it at five years.

• Exposure Class: The fifth element is the exposure class (a regulatory prescribed grouping of a common obligor type or product type) which is a driver for the correlation factor. To calculate risk-weighted assets the default correlation between a transaction and all other transactions in the portfolio is taken into account.

The expected loss (EL) provides a measure of the value of the credit losses that ING may reasonably expect to incur on its portfolio. In its basic form, the expected loss can be represented as:

EL = PD * EAD * LGD

Securitisations

ING has implemented the AIRB approach for credit risk. As a consequence, ING uses the rating based approach (RBA) for investments in tranches of asset-backed securities (ABS) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) which have been rated by external rating agencies. Rating agencies which are used by ING under the RBA include Standard & Poor’s, Fitch and Moody’s.

Under the RBA, the RWA are determined by multiplying the amount of the exposure by the appropriate regulatory risk weights, which depend on:

• The external rating or an available inferred rating;

• The seniority of the position; and

• The granularity of the position.

ING uses the internal assessment approach for the support facilities it provides to asset backed commercial paper (ABCP) conduit Mont Blanc Capital Corp., based on externally published rating agency methodologies. For more details about the internal assessment approach, see the Sponsor securitisations section in the Pillar 3 disclosure.

Credit risk models

Within ING internal Basel compliant models are used to determine the PD, EAD and LGD for regulatory and economic capital and for loan loss provisioning purposes. These credit risk models also form the basis for our IFRS9 provisioning framework. Bank wide, ING has implemented around 72 credit risk models, including various sub models that may be applicable for a specific portfolio.

There are two main types of modelling which form the foundation of these PD, EAD and LGD models used throughout the Bank:

• Statistical models are created where a large set of default or detailed loss data is available. They are characterised by a sufficient number of data points that facilitate meaningful statistical estimation of the model parameters. The model parameters are estimated with statistical techniques based on the data set available;

• Hybrid models contain characteristics of statistical models combined with knowledge and experience of experts from both risk management and front office staff and literature from rating agencies, supervisors and academics. These models are especially appropriate for ‘Low Default Portfolios’, where limited historical defaults exist.

Next to the model choice, the definition of default is an important starting point for model building. ING uses a framework that integrates elements of the regulatory definition of default and the loan loss provisioning indicators under IAS 39. The rationale is that several indicators are very close to the indications of an obligor’s ‘unlikeliness to pay’ under European regulation (CRR/CRDIV) and similar regulations. Integration of both frameworks further enhances ING’s compliance with the CRR/CRDIV ‘use test’. Key differences between the parameters used for loan loss provisioning and regulatory capital calculations are that regulatory capital parameters are typically through the cycle while loan loss parameters are more at a point in time. Additionally, the LGD for regulatory capital calculations is based on a down-turn LGD and a Loss Emergence Period is applied for loan loss provisioning purposes on the 1 year Default Probability to obtain Incurred losses.

Pre-settlement measurement models

For regulatory capital, pre-settlement (PS) exposure is calculated using a marked to market (MtM) plus regulatory-based add-on. For internal capital purposes ING uses a combination of the below mentioned methodologies to calculate its PS exposures:

• MtM plus model based add-on approach: In this approach, the PS risk is calculated as the sum of the MtM of the trade and a model-based add-on. The MtM fluctuates through the life of the contract. The model-based add-on is product-specific, and takes into account the remaining time to maturity, profiling per time-buckets etc. Add-ons are updated with a frequency that takes into account major market changes. This methodology is used for pre-deal exposure assessment of all ING financial markets products. Furthermore, it is used for post-deal risk calculations in the case of financial markets portfolios that do not justify the computational efforts and costs associated with implementation of a Scenario Simulation approach; and

• Scenario Simulation approach (Monte Carlo approach): Scenario Simulation approach is the most complex of the methods for PS risk calculations. This approach takes into account daily market conditions, including correlations between the risk factors and portfolio benefits. This Monte Carlo approach is currently used in ING for the largest volume of derivative products such as foreign exchange (FX) and interest rate derivatives.

ING recognises that the above approaches are not sufficiently accurate for certain trading products such as highly structured or exotic derivative transactions. For the assessment of risk exposures of such complex products a bespoke calculation is made.

There are no exposures under the advanced, Internal Model Method (IMM) under Pillar 1. Under Pillar 2 ING uses the IMM for FX and interest rate derivative exposures.

The figure below provides a high level summary of the application of model outcomes (PD, EAD and LGD).

Credit risk model governance

All PD, EAD and LGD models are built according to ING’s internal credit risk modelling methodology standards and model life cycle. After thorough review of the documentation by the Model Development Committee (MDC) and Model Risk Management (MRM), the Credit & Trading Risk Committee (CTRC) approves the models. For certain local models, the approval authority is delegated by the CTRC to the MDC. Each model has both a credit risk and a front office co-sponsor. Both the MDC and the CTRC have participation from senior credit risk management as well as the front office to ensure maximum acceptance by the organisation. The capital impact from the implementation of approved models is reported to the ECB in a quarterly report. In addition, MRM validates each model on an annual basis. During such periodical validation the model performance is analysed through back-testing and performance assessment. A five-grade colour footprint is assigned to each model during this periodical validation. If a model is considered insufficiently robust or if the back-testing indicates insufficient performance, then the model is re-calibrated or re-developed.

Credit risk rating process

In principle all risk ratings are based on a Risk Rating (PD) Model that complies with the minimum requirements detailed in CRR/CRDIV, ECB Supervisory Rules and EBA guidelines. This concerns all counterparty types and segments.

ING’s PD rating models are based on a 1-22 scale (1=highest rating; 22=lowest rating) referred to as the ‘Master scale’, which roughly corresponds to the same rating grades that are assigned by external rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch. For example, an ING rating of 1 corresponds to an S&P/Fitch rating of AAA and a Moody’s rating of Aaa; an ING rating of 2 corresponds to an S&P/Fitch rating of AA+ and a Moody’s rating of Aa1, and so on.

The 22 grades are composed of the following categories:

• Investment grade (Risk Rating 1-10);

• Non-investment grade (Risk Rating 11-17);

• Sub-standard (Risk Rating 18-19); and

• Non-performing (Risk Rating 20-22).

The three first categories (1-19) are risk ratings for performing loans. They are calculated in IT systems with internally developed models based on data either manually or automatically fed. Under certain conditions, the outcome of a manually fed model can be challenged through a clearly defined rating appeal process. Risk ratings for non-performing individually significant loans (20-22) are set by the global or regional restructuring. For securitisation portfolios, the external ratings of the tranche in which ING has invested are leading.

Risk ratings assigned to clients are regularly, at least annually, reviewed, and the performance of the underlying models regularly monitored. Over 94% of ING’s credit exposures have been rated using one of the in-house developed PD rating models. Within the AIRB Portfolio, the level of Regulatory compliant ratings exceeds 99% coverage by exposure. Some of these models are global in nature, such as models for Large Corporates, Commercial Banks, Insurance Companies, Central Governments, Local Governments, Funds, Fund Managers, Project Finance and Leveraged Companies. While other models are more regional or country specific, such as PD models for Small Medium Enterprise (SME) companies in Central Europe, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, as well as residential mortgage and consumer loan models in the various retail markets.

Rating Models for retail clients are predominantly statistically driven and automated, such that ratings can be updated on a monthly or bi-monthly basis. Models for SME companies, and larger corporates, institutions and banks are manually updated, and are individually monitored on at least an annual basis.

Exposure classes

The BCBS has developed the concept of ‘Exposure Classes’ which has been transposed into CRR/CRDIV. These are essentially groupings of credit risks associated with a common client type, product type and/or cover type. For the AIRB Approach, most of the exposure classes have subcategories. ING has applied the following definitions to determine Exposure Classes:

• Sovereigns include Sovereign Government entities, Central Banks and recognised Local / Regional Authorities as well as Supranational Organisations;

• Institutions include Commercial Banks, non-Bank Financial Institutions, such as Funds and Fund Managers, and Insurance Companies, as well as local and regional government entities not classified as governments;

• Corporates includes all legal entities, that are not considered to be Governments, Institutions or Retail Other;

• Retail includes the following classes:

• Retail – Secured by immovable property non-SME (hereafter Residential Mortgages) includes all retail loans which are covered by residential properties

• Retail – Secured by immovable property SME (included in tables with Other Retail) includes all retail loans which are covered by commercial properties.

• Other Retail includes all other credit obligations related to Retail SMEs (such as partnerships and one-man businesses) and private individuals (such as consumer loans, car loans and credit cards). Under these exposure class definitions, it is possible for a private individual to have exposure classified as both residential mortgages and retail other.

• Securitisations include securitisation programs for which ING acts as an investor, sponsor or originator.

Models used for exposure classes

ING has developed PD, EAD and LGD models for Wholesale Banking and Retail Banking portfolios. PD, EAD and LGD models are subject to CTRC (or in some delegated cases MDC) approval and changes which significantly impact the results require approval from the regulator before implementation. By nature, the above described exposure classes have different, specific characteristics. To capture these specific characteristics and to have suitable valuations and analyses in place, Model Development is continuously updating and developing models within each exposure class. In total, ING makes use of over 72 different internal models.

ING distinguishes four types of post default scenarios:

• No Loss – Cure: the borrower pays all overdue amounts (to the extent ING is legally entitled to) and the asset becomes non-defaulted again. ING does not experience any loss in the process. The relationship is not terminated and the borrower returns back to performing;

• No Loss – Exit without loss: ING (or the borrower) liquidates collaterals and calls guarantees in order to recover the exposure or the borrower fully repays. Thereafter the relationship is terminated. ING does not experience any loss in the process;

• Loss – Exit with loss: ING (or the borrower) liquidates collaterals and calls guarantees in order to recover the exposure. Thereafter the relationship is terminated. ING suffers loss in the process; and

• Loss – Distressed Restructuring: ING restructures the loan agreement so as to recover the exposure after allowing some discount. The relationship with the borrower continues after the restructuring. ING suffers (some) loss in the process.

AIRB models per exposure class

In the table below, the number of significant PD, EAD, and LGD models per asset class are shown. Additionally a description of the model and methodology are provided per exposure class. The asset classes presented in this table do not align with the EBA Exposure classes as the scope has been redefined to better fit the scope of the model. SME exposure for example can be part of either corporate exposures or other retail depending on the size of the SME.

AIRB models and methodology

	Model Type		Number of significant models		Model description and methodology	Number of years of data
		PD		1	The Government Central PD model is a fully statistical model, containing only quantitative risk drivers.		>7 years
Sovereigns		LGD		1	The LGD model for Sovereigns and other governments is an unsecured recovery model built on assessment of structural factors that influence a country’s performance.		>7 years
		EAD		1	The Low Default EAD model is a hybrid model that pools default information from multiple low default portfolios, including central governments and central banks.		>7 years
		PD		1	The government related entities PD model is expert based and assigns ratings based on stand-alone credit fundamentals as well as degree of government support.		>7 years
Government Related Entities		LGD		1	The LGD model for Government related entities is a secured/unsecured recovery model built on assessment of stand-alone fundamentals as well as geography.		>7 years
		EAD		1	The Low Default EAD model is a hybrid model that pools default information from multiple low default portfolios, including government related entities.		>7 years
		PD		3	The main PD model applied is Bank Commercial based upon financial, qualitative and country information. Other PD models for different types of financial institutions are built using a similar framework, but are more specialised for the specific characteristics of the financial institution.		>7 years
Financial institutions		LGD		1	This LGD model was developed based on expert judgement, supported by limited internal and external data. The developed LGD model is based on ultimate recovery rates.		>7 years
		EAD		1	The Low Default EAD model is a hybrid model used that pools default information from multiple low default portfolios, including financial institutions.		>7 years
		PD		3	Expert based scorecards Models predict a rating for Commercial Property Finance, Project Finance, Trade and Commodity Finance.		>7 years
Corporates - Specialized lending		LGD		3	Hybrid LGD Models predict loss given default for Commercial Property Finance, Project Finance, Trade and Commodity Finance.		>7 years
		EAD		1	There is a dedicated EAD model for commercial property finance due to the specificities of this portfolio.		>7 years
		PD		1	The Corporate Large model is a global hybrid model build on 13 years of data, including balance sheet and qualitative information as well as country risk and parent influence.		>7 years
Large Corporates		LGD		1	Loss Given Default for Large corporates are predicted by a dedicated hybrid LGD model using both no loss rates as well as secured/unsecured recovery rates.		>7 years
		EAD		1	The Low Default EAD model is a hybrid model used that pools default information from multiple low default portfolios, including large corporates.		>7 years
		PD		6	The SME PD models are estimated statistically and directly predict a PD. Most of these models are developed locally to reflect regional/jurisdiction circumstances.		>7 years
SME		LGD		6	Local statistical models or hybrid models use various data inputs on cure behaviour as well as cost and recovery.		>7 years
		EAD		6	Local statistical models that use various data inputs, including product type and geography.		>7 years
		PD		71	The PD mortgages models are all developed statistically and include borrower specific information, payment behaviour and product related information. These are statistical models that directly predict a PD.		>52 years
Secured by Res. Mortgage		LGD		7	Local statistical models or hybrid models use various data inputs on cure behaviour as well as cost and recovery		>7 years
		EAD		7	Local statistical models that use various data inputs, including product type and geography.		>7 years
		PD		41	The PD models for private individuals are all developed statistically and include borrower specific information, payment behaviour and product related information. These are statistical models that directly predict a PD.		>52 years
Private Individuals		LGD		4	Local statistical models use various data inputs on cure behaviour as well as cost and recovery.		>7 years
		EAD		4	Local statistical models that use various data inputs, including product type and geography.		>7 years
Other1		Other			(Covered Bonds, Structured assets)

¹ Belgian PD models provide a rating at a customer level, covering both secured and unsecured loans.

² For retail PD modelling a minimum of 5 years is allowed based on ING’s Modelling Standards, which are compliant with regulatory requirements

Changes in 2017 to credit risk models

Model changes in 2017 were largely driven by follow up on existing regulatory guidance and overall resulted in a EUR 3.4 billion increase in RWA. The largest change was due to the introduction of a new PD and LGD model for the Dutch Mortgages portfolio. This update led to an increase of EUR 3.9 billion in RWA driven by the deterioration of the LGD. The recalibration of the German Mortgages models resulted in a decrease in RWA of EUR 1.2 billion.

Credit risk tools

Credit risk policies

ING’s credit risk policies provide for generic rules and roles and responsibilities that always prevail within the organisation. While allowance is given for discretionary variation to comply with local regulations, such variations must always comply with the content of a global ING wide credit risk policy and approved by (local) credit risk. All credit risk policies are created according to policy development standards and reviewed on a regular basis. Each policy has a credit risk sponsor and is created in close consultation with various stakeholders within credit risk, front office and where applicable other corporate departments. All policies require approval by the CTRC and where applicable by the GCTP.

Credit risk systems and data standards

The acceptance, maintenance, measurement, management and reporting of credit risks at all levels of ING is executed through promotion of single, common credit risk data standards and the integration into common credit risk tools that support standardised and transparent credit risk practices. ING has chosen to develop credit risk tools centrally. The philosophy is use a single source of data, in an integrated approach that includes ING policy, the regulatory environment in which we operate, and the daily processes which are active throughout the group. Application to these three areas is the essential requirement to ensure data quality standards and discipline remains high.

The customer-centric data model conforms to the three core business needs of ING:

• To transact efficiently with our counterparties;

• To be compliant with our internal and external obligations; and

• To monitor the risks we undertake.

The customer-centric approach ensures that ING can react quickly to changing regulations, business needs and best practices in our dealings with our clients and prospects.

Data Governance and Data Quality

ING recognises that information and underlying data are assets that are key (together with people, processes and IT systems) to further develop its digital profile. Cooperation and mutual agreement on global data management roles and responsibilities in ING are critical success factors to meet this objective. As such ING has embraced multiple data management and governance initiatives triggered by internal and external stakeholders (e.g. Principles for Effective Risk Data Aggregation and Risk Reporting). In the Financial Risk and Risk COO departments, these principles are embedded into the credit risk data management and enshrined within the Data Governance framework. The framework outlines roles and responsibilities relevant for the credit risk lifecycle and data quality assurance.

Credit risk data lifecycle

The credit risk data governance framework used by ING is based on the credit risk data lifecycle. The governance related to the data delivery and exchange is described in various data agreements between data users and data suppliers.

The scope of credit risk data is the data set determined and assigned for ING’s external and internal reporting requirements and credit risk modelling requirements. Principally, data can be categorised into one of the two following types:

• Atomic data: the lowest level of detail and provides the base data for all data transformations. The guiding principles are that each data element is only input once, and have a clear data owner and ‘home’ system or database which is leading throughout all uses of that data element. From the data ‘home’, the data may then be redistributed to other systems or databases that may require that data in an automated Straight through Processing (STP) method. Depending on the need, the data may be transferred in real time, near real time, daily, weekly or monthly.

• Derived data: data derived from other data elements (atomic or derived) as a result of data transformations such as credit risk models, calculations and aggregation. Derived data is hosted in the central credit risk system (Vortex).

A key component of credit risk data is that this data is continuously used throughout all the stages of the credit risk management cycle. By using and re-using data, there is a continuous incentive for all data providers and users to assure high standard data quality with regards to data delivery and data usage.

The credit risk data lifecycle describes the interlinked stages of the lifecycle from data definition to data usage as shown in the figure below:

• Data Definitions: this process step ensures that atomic and derived credit risk data terms have a single definition and definition owner throughout the organization. It also ensures that defined data is fit for the purpose it will be used for.

• Capture: ensures that atomic data is captured by business units and is available for exchange according to pre-agreed standards and specifications.

• Exchange: ensures data exchange is executed as agreed between data owner and data user.

• Processing & Calculation: processes delivered atomic data and uses it to calculate credit risk derived data. The outcome of this stage is used as input for credit risk data aggregation in for example risk reporting.

• Data Usage: ensures data aggregation and usage fit for multiple purposes for example modelling, regulatory and statutory reporting. Ensures that data usage or distribution is according to agreed purpose and data confidentiality, protection, security and retention rules.

• Data Quality Assurance: establishes data quality management with the primary focus how credit risk data quality is managed throughout the credit risk data lifecycle. It covers the data quality cycle, data quality criteria and relevant activities through the stages.

The data quality cycle consists of four stages: define, implement, monitor and improve. During the data definitions step, data quality rules are determined. Having set the definitions, local data quality rules are implemented in the source systems, and both successively and simultaneously, data quality rules are implemented in the central credit risk system. The next stage consists of data validations, monitoring and control activities performed early in the data exchange and after data processing and calculation stage. The last stage is the continuous improvement of data quality which can be split into two categories:

• One off issues and reoccurring issues that are identified, prioritised and subject to resolution;

• The periodic review of data quality rules and improvements based on lessons learned from solving issues, audits and best practices.

After the last stage, the data quality cycle resumes from the start, ultimately leading to high standard credit risk data quality.

Credit risk portfolio

ING’s credit exposure is mainly related to traditional lending to individuals and businesses followed by investments in bonds and other securitised assets. Loans to individuals are mainly mortgage loans secured by residential property. Loans (including guarantees issued) to businesses are often collateralised, but can be unsecured based on internal analysis of the borrowers’ creditworthiness. Bonds in the investment portfolio are generally unsecured. Securitised assets such as mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities are secured by the pro rata portion of the underlying diversified pool of assets (commercial or residential mortgages, car loans and/or other assets) held by the security‘s issuer. The last major credit risk source involves pre-settlement exposures which arise from trading activities, including derivatives, repurchase transactions and securities lending/borrowing transactions. This is also identified as counterparty credit risk.

Unless specifically stated, the figures in the tables included in the credit risk section are calculated on the basis of CRR/CRD IV regulatory standards and includes ‘intercompany loans’ to ING Group. The portfolio breakdown of ING per exposure class and per risk category, is shown below.

Exposure classes: ING Bank portfolio per risk category, as % of total regulatory EAD
	Lending		Investment		Money Market		Pre-Settlement		Total		Total (ALL)
2017	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB + SA
Sovereigns	1.8%	0.2%	7.0%	0.1%	2.4%	0.1%	0.4%	0.0%	11.6%	0.4%	12.0%
Institutions	3.9%	0.6%	1.1%	0.0%	0.3%	0.0%	3.8%	0.1%	9.2%	0.6%	9.8%
Corporate	33.7%	0.8%	0.4%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	1.3%	0.0%	35.5%	0.8%	36.3%
Residential mortgages	33.4%	1.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	33.4%	1.9%	35.3%
Other retail	4.5%	1.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	4.5%	1.3%	5.8%
Securitisation	0.2%	0.0%	0.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.8%	0.0%	0.8%
Total	77.6%	4.7%	9.1%	0.1%	2.7%	0.2%	5.5%	0.1%	94.9%	5.1%	100.0%

Exposure classes: ING Bank portfolio per risk category, as % of total regulatory EAD
	Lending						Investment						Money Market						Pre-Settlement						Total				Total (ALL)
2016	AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA	AIRB + SA
Sovereigns		2.2	%		0.0	%		7.9	%		0.1	%		1.7	%		0.2	%		0.2	%		0.0	%		12.0	%	0.3%	12.3%
Institutions		3.1	%		0.3	%		1.8	%		0.0	%		0.4	%		0.0	%		4.9	%		0.1	%		10.2	%	0.3%	10.5%
Corporate		32.8	%		1.4	%		0.4	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		1.7	%		0.0	%		35.0	%	1.5%	36.5%
Residential mortgages		33.4	%		0.9	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		33.4	%	0.9%	34.3%
Other retail		4.2	%		1.4	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		4.2	%	1.4%	5.6%
Securitisation		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.8	%	0.0%	0.8%
Total		75.8	%		4.0	%		10.8	%		0.1	%		2.1	%		0.2	%		6.9	%		0.1	%		95.6	%	4.4%	100.0%

During 2017, the total ING portfolio size decreased by 0.5% to EUR 842 billion READ (EUR 774 billion outstandings) mainly driven by foreign exchange rate changes partly offset by volume growth. The decrease related to foreign exchange rate changes was driven by the depreciation of the US Dollar (12.2%) and Australian Dollar (5.1%) against the Euro. The concentration in SA portfolio increased mainly driven by a combination of volume growth and portfolio shifts from AIRB to SA approach.

The concentration in corporates slightly decreased mainly caused by shift in exposure from corporate lending SA bucket to residential mortgage SA bucket to align the scope with regular capital reporting practices. The increase in AIRB bucket was mainly driven by volume growth in the Wholesale Banking portfolios of Transaction Services, Corporate & Financial Institutions (C&FI) Lending and Structured Finance. The volume growth in C&FI Lending was mainly observed in Belgium and Germany, growth in Transaction Services was mainly witnessed in Asia while growth in Structured Finance was mainly observed in Europe. The growth was partly offset by the depreciation of the US Dollar which mainly impacted the Structured Finance portfolio.

In residential mortgages, the concentration increased mainly due to shifting exposure from corporate lending SA bucket to the residential mortgage SA bucket to align the scope with regular capital reporting practices. The decline was mainly visible in the Netherlands due to repayments in the core mortgage book, continued transfer of mortgages from WestlandUtrecht (WU) Bank to NN Bank and the run-off of the WU Bank mortgage book. This was partly offset by growth in residential mortgages in Belgium, Germany, Poland and Spain.

In other retail, the concentration increased mostly driven by a higher volume of consumer loans in the retail portfolios in Retail Challengers and Growth Markets.

The concentration in sovereigns declined caused by a decrease in government bond exposures of France, the Netherlands, Austria and Belgium, which was partly offset by increase in money market exposure towards the central banks of Luxembourg and Belgium. The concentration in institutions went down due to a decline in interest rate derivatives to a central counterparty clearinghouse.

Risk rating buckets per line of business and credit risk types

Risk rating buckets are defined based upon the quality of the exposures in terms of creditworthiness, varying from investment grade to non-performing loan expressed in S&P, Moody’s and Fitch rating equivalents.

Risk classes: ING Bank portfolio per line of business, as % of total outstandings 1,2,3
													Retail Challengers &
	Wholesale Banking						Retail Benelux						Growth Markets						Corporate Line						Total
Rating class	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
1 (AAA)		6.0	%		7.1	%		0.2	%		0.2	%		7.3	%		7.3	%		57.5	%		42.7	%		5.5	%		5.5	%
2-4 (AA)		11.4	%		11.9	%		3.1	%		5.7	%		16.3	%		16.1	%		0.1	%		0.3	%		10.1	%		11.0	%
5-7 (A)		20.2	%		18.9	%		8.2	%		4.2	%		19.8	%		15.0	%		4.8	%		3.9	%		16.4	%		13.4	%
8-10 (BBB)		27.5	%		27.0	%		42.3	%		34.5	%		28.1	%		32.7	%		26.7	%		7.5	%		31.9	%		30.5	%
11-13 (BB)		26.9	%		26.5	%		34.6	%		43.2	%		21.0	%		21.5	%		8.3	%		42.2	%		27.3	%		30.3	%
14-16 (B)		5.2	%		5.5	%		7.1	%		7.5	%		5.6	%		5.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		5.8	%		6.1	%
17-22 (CCC & NPL)		2.8	%		3.0	%		4.5	%		4.7	%		1.9	%		1.8	%		2.6	%		3.5	%		3.0	%		3.2	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Based on credit risk measurement contained in lending, pre-settlement, money market and investment activities.

² Covered bonds are presented on the basis of the external credit rating of the issuer in question. Covered bond issues generally possess a better external credit rating than the issuer standalone, given structural features of such covered bonds.

³ Outstandings (OS) split per business line: Wholesale Banking (EUR 335 billion OS), Retail Benelux (EUR 225 billion OS), Retail Challengers & Growth Markets (EUR 201 billion OS), Corporate Line (EUR 12 billion OS).

Overall the rating class concentration improved, decreased concentrations are observed for all classes below rating class BBB whereas the other classes mainly show increased concentrations. The overall exposure for ING remained concentrated in the BBB and BB rating classes.

For AAA-rated assets, the concentration in Wholesale Banking reduced while it increased in Corporate Line due to a shift of the regulatory reserve deposits at the Dutch Central Bank between these business lines. The decrease in Wholesale Banking was partly offset by increase in money market assets to the central banks of Luxembourg and Belgium. The concentration in the A rating class for Wholesale Banking increased mainly driven by an improved rating for one German financial institution shifting pre-settlement exposure from rating class BBB to A. The increase in rating class A was partly offset by decreased exposure in money market assets for Wholesale Banking. A rating upgrade of the Bank of Beijing shifted equity investment exposure from rating class BB to rating class BBB in Corporate Line.

The rating distribution for Retail Benelux improved mostly driven by an updated Dutch mortgage PD model shifting concentration from risk classes BBB to A. Further positive risk migration in Retail Netherlands was due to positive rating changes and decreased defaulted exposures. Following a one notch rating downgrade for the government of Belgium, Belgian government related organisations were downgraded throughout the year shifting exposure from rating class AA to A. In Retail Challengers & Growth Markets exposures shifted from rating class BBB to A following a refinement of the PD mortgage model in Retail Germany. The decrease in rating class BBB was partly offset by an update of the ING Italy mortgage PD model increasing concentration in rating class BBB.

Risk classes: ING Bank portfolio per credit risk type, as % of total outstandings1,2
	Lending						Investment						Money Market						Pre-settlement						Total
Rating class	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
1 (AAA)		1.8	%		1.9	%		29.7	%		28.3	%		22.6	%		14.5	%		5.4	%		3.4	%		5.5	%		5.5	%
2-4 (AA)		4.5	%		5.2	%		39.6	%		40.4	%		58.8	%		50.4	%		14.0	%		14.8	%		10.1	%		11.0	%
5-7 (A)		14.2	%		10.1	%		17.6	%		16.9	%		7.3	%		14.0	%		49.0	%		47.5	%		16.4	%		13.4	%
8-10 (BBB)		36.6	%		35.3	%		9.6	%		6.9	%		3.0	%		4.2	%		19.4	%		23.3	%		31.9	%		30.5	%
11-13 (BB)		32.2	%		36.0	%		3.3	%		7.2	%		7.9	%		15.4	%		10.2	%		9.1	%		27.3	%		30.3	%
14-16 (B)		7.0	%		7.5	%		0.0	%		0.2	%		0.4	%		1.5	%		1.4	%		1.5	%		5.8	%		6.1	%
17-22 (CCC & NPL)		3.7	%		4.0	%		0.2	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.6	%		0.4	%		3.0	%		3.2	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Based on credit risk measurement contained in lending, pre-settlement, money market and investment activities.

² Covered bonds are presented on the basis of the external credit rating of the issuer in question. Covered bond issues generally possess a better external credit rating than the issuer standalone, given structural features of such covered bonds.

Risk industry concentration

ING uses a common industry classification methodology based on the NAICS system (North American Industry Classification System). This methodology has over 1,500 detailed industry descriptions, which are aggregated into 22 industry classes at the highest level. Certain countries require ING to report locally based on other industry classification methodologies, which are generally derived from the NAICS classifications presented here. Residential mortgages are generally only extended to private individuals.

Risk concentration: ING Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings 1
	Wholesale Banking						Retail Benelux						Retail Challengers & Growth Markets						Corporate Line						Total
Industry	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
Private Individuals		0.0	%		0.0	%		72.6	%		73.4	%		72.6	%		68.8	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		40.1	%		39.5	%
Commercial Banks		14.7	%		14.8	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		4.9	%		6.5	%		40.1	%		56.4	%		8.3	%		8.8	%
Natural Resources		15.7	%		15.0	%		0.4	%		0.4	%		0.6	%		0.7	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		7.1	%		6.8	%
Real Estate		10.8	%		10.2	%		5.1	%		4.7	%		1.0	%		0.9	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		6.4	%		6.0	%
Central Governments		8.7	%		9.9	%		1.1	%		0.9	%		4.9	%		5.6	%		26.4	%		36.3	%		5.8	%		6.5	%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		9.7	%		10.4	%		1.0	%		0.9	%		1.2	%		3.2	%		6.5	%		7.3	%		4.9	%		5.7	%
Transportation & Logistics		7.3	%		8.0	%		1.2	%		1.1	%		0.4	%		0.4	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		3.6	%		3.9	%
Central Banks		4.7	%		5.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.9	%		1.6	%		27.0	%		0.0	%		3.0	%		2.7	%
Services		3.7	%		3.2	%		4.0	%		3.6	%		0.6	%		0.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.9	%		2.6	%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		3.8	%		3.7	%		2.2	%		2.1	%		1.3	%		1.3	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.6	%		2.6	%
Lower Public		1.1	%		1.2	%		2.2	%		2.8	%		5.8	%		5.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.6	%		2.8	%
Administration
General Industries		4.0	%		3.4	%		1.6	%		1.5	%		1.5	%		1.5	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.6	%		2.3	%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		2.5	%		2.4	%		2.8	%		2.8	%		0.7	%		0.7	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.1	%		2.1	%
Other		13.3	%		12.7	%		5.6	%		5.5	%		2.6	%		2.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		8.0	%		7.7	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Based on the total amount of credit risk in the respective column using ING’s internal credit risk measurement methodologies. Economic sectors below 2% are not shown separately but grouped in Other.

The main concentration in Private Individuals is related to mortgage lending. Mortgage volume growth, mainly in Belgium, Germany and Spain, was offset by a decline in mortgage exposures in Netherlands. The decrease in the Netherlands was due to repayments in the core mortgage book, continued transfer of mortgages from WestlandUtrecht (WU) Bank to NN Bank and the run-off of the WU Bank mortgage book.

The concentration in Central Governments decreased following a reduction in government bond exposures of France, the Netherlands, Austria and Belgium within Wholesale Banking and Retail Challengers & Growth Markets. In the Wholesale Banking portfolio this was partly offset by an increase in US government bonds

The concentration in Non-Bank Financial Institutions decreased due to lower pre-settlement exposures in Wholesale Banking Netherlands and lower exposures in covered bonds and asset backed securities in Retail Challengers & Growth Markets. Further, the depreciation of the US Dollar against the Euro caused a decrease in concentration in the Transportation & Logistics and Non-Bank Financial Institutions sectors within Wholesale Banking. Within Central Banks, the increase in concentration in Corporate Line is explained by the shift of the regulatory reserve deposits at the Dutch Central Bank from the Wholesale Banking. Following this shift the proportions of the other buckets in Corporate Line decreased.

Country risk

The country risk concentration changes for the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany were mainly related to the residential mortgage loans. Additionally, for the Netherlands exposures to the Dutch central bank shifted from Wholesale Banking to Corporate Line. The concentration in the Rest of Europe decreased in Retail Challengers & Growth Markets mainly due to reduction in bond investments in Spain and lending exposure in Turkey. In Asia, the concentration in Wholesale Banking increased mainly driven by higher exposures to financial institutions in China and corporates in Taiwan and United Arab Emirates. Further, the decrease in concentration in Asia for the Corporate Line was related to lower investment exposure.

Country risk exposures: ING Bank portfolio, by geographic area 1
		Wholesale Banking						Retail Benelux						Retail Challengers & Growth Markets						Corporate Line						Total
Region		2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
Europe	Netherlands		12.8	%		14.2	%		62.3	%		65.5	%		0.2	%		0.5	%		64.4	%		50.6	%		24.0	%		25.7	%
	Germany		5.7	%		5.4	%		0.2	%		0.2	%		46.0	%		44.4	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		13.8	%		13.3	%
	Belgium		6.8	%		6.2	%		35.1	%		32.1	%		0.3	%		0.5	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		12.9	%		12.0	%
	Rest of Europe²		41.0	%		40.8	%		2.2	%		2.0	%		34.4	%		35.5	%		0.6	%		0.2	%		28.3	%		28.2	%
Americas			19.5	%		19.5	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.2	%		1.5	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		9.5	%		9.5	%
Asia/Pacific			11.9	%		11.6	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		34.5	%		48.8	%		6.1	%		6.0	%
Australia			1.4	%		1.3	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		17.8	%		17.5	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		5.0	%		4.8	%
Rest of World			0.9	%		1.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.4	%		0.5	%
Total			100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Geographic areas are based on country of residence, except for private individuals for which the geographic areas are based on the primary country of risk.

² The top 5 exposures within Rest of Europe are to the United Kingdom (3.8%), Poland (3.8%), France (3.2%), Spain (3.1%) and Italy (2.4%).

Credit risk mitigation

ING’s lending and investment businesses are subject to credit risk. As such, the creditworthiness of our customers and investments is continually monitored for their ability to meet their financial obligations to ING. In addition to determine the credit quality and creditworthiness of the customer, ING uses various credit risk mitigation techniques and instruments to mitigate the credit risk associated with an exposure and to reduce the losses incurred subsequent to an event of default on an obligation a customer may have towards ING. The most common terminology used in ING for credit risk protection is ‘cover’. While a cover can be an important mitigant of credit risk and an alternative source of repayment, generally it is ING’s practice to lend on the basis of the customer’s creditworthiness rather than exclusively relying on the value of the cover. Within ING, there are two distinct forms of covers: assets and third party obligations.

Cover forms

Assets

The asset that has been pledged to ING as collateral or security gives ING the right to liquidate it in cases where the customer is unable to fulfil its financial obligation. As such, the proceeds can be applied towards full or partial compensation of the customer’s outstanding exposure. An asset can be tangible (such as cash, securities, receivables, inventory, plant & machinery and mortgages on real estate properties) or intangible (such as patents, trademarks, contract rights and licenses).

Third party obligation

Third party obligation, indemnification or undertaking (either by contract and/or by law) is a legally binding declaration by a third party that gives ING the right to expect and claim from that third party to pay an amount, if the customer fails on its obligations to ING. The most common examples are guarantees (such as parent guarantees and export credit insurances) and letters of comfort.

Cover valuation methodology

General guidelines for cover valuation are established to ensure consistency of the application within ING. These general guidelines also require that the value of the cover needs to be monitored on a regular basis. Covers are revalued accordingly and whenever there is reason to believe that the market is subject to significant changes in conditions. The frequency of monitoring and revaluation depends on the type of covers.

The valuation method also depends on the type of covers. For asset collateral, the valuation sources can be the customer’s balance sheet (e.g. inventory, machinery, and equipment), nominal value (e.g. cash, receivables), market value (e.g. securities and commodities), independent valuations (commercial real estate) and market indices (residential real estate). For third party obligations, the valuation is based on the value which is attributed to the contract between ING and that third party.

Covers

This section provides insight on the type of covers and to which extent a loan is collateralised. The cover disclosures are presented by risk category: Lending, Investment, Money Market and Pre-settlement. The cover amounts are presented by the most relevant collateral forms, being mortgages and financial collateral (cash and securities), and the most relevant third party obligation being guarantees. ING obtains covers which are eligible for credit risk mitigation under CRR/CRDIV, as well as those that are not eligible. Collateral covering financial market transactions is valued on a daily basis. To mitigate the credit risk arising from Financial Markets transactions, the bank enters into legal agreements exchanging financial collateral (high quality government bonds and cash).

The cover values are presented for the total portfolio of ING. Covers of both AIRB and SA portfolios are presented in detail reflecting ING’s complete portfolio. Next to that, detailed information is provided on the cover coverage for the performing and non-performing portfolio. The non-performing loan definition is explained in detail in the section ‘Credit Restructuring’. To understand the nature of the collateralised loans, insight is given in the industry and geography breakdown of ING’s portfolio as well. For comparability reasons with previous tables, outstandings are used to show ING’s portfolio.

Exposures are categorised into different Value to Loan (VTL) buckets that give insight in the level of collateralisation of ING’s portfolio. VTL is calculated as the cover value divided by the outstandings at the balance sheet date. The cover values are indexed and exclude any cost of liquidation. Covers can either be valid for all limits, sub-limits or a particular outstanding of a borrower, the latter being the most common. For the purpose of aggregation, the coverage of all outstanding is capped at 100%. Over-collateralisation is ignored in this overview for the VTL. Each limit is subsequently assigned to one of the six defined VTL buckets: no cover, >0% to 25%, >25% to 50%, >50% to 75%, >75% to <100%, and ³ 100%. As the nature of the Pre-settlement portfolio determines that collateral is netted, these VTL buckets are not shown.

The first two tables give an overview of the collateralisation of the total portfolio of ING Bank.

Cover values including guarantees received - Total ING Bank - 2017
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/ CRDIV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			Partially covered			Fully covered
Consumer Lending		308,349		512,709		3,680		338		25,130		38,551		6.3	%		9.3	%		84.4	%
Business Lending		320,153		134,667		15,185		99,569		90,777		128,985		35.3	%		24.1	%		40.6	%
Investment and Money Market		100,450				59		117		522				99.5	%		0.4	%		0.2	%
Total Lending, Investment and Money Market		728,951		647,376		18,923		100,024		116,429		167,536		31.9	%		14.6	%		53.6	%
Pre-settlement 1		44,685
Total Bank		773,636		647,376		18,923		100,024		116,429		167,536		31.9	%		14.6	%		53.6	%

¹ More information on the credit risk mitigants can be found in the Pre-settlement section.

Cover values including guarantees received - Total ING Bank - 2016
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/ CRDIV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			Partially covered			Fully covered
Consumer Lending		304,448		486,156		3,494		391		25,846		34,839		5.6	%		14.3	%		80.1	%
Business Lending		310,395		128,578		17,004		89,204		98,559		132,672		33.6	%		28.1	%		38.3	%
Investment and Money Market		110,218								989				99.1	%		0.3	%		0.6	%
Total Lending, Investment and Money Market		725,061		614,734		20,498		89,595		125,395		167,511		31.8	%		18.1	%		50.1	%
Pre-settlement 1		50,003
Total Bank		775,065		614,734		20,498		89,595		125,395		167,511		31.8	%		18.1	%		50.1	%

¹ More information on the credit risk mitigants can be found in the Pre-settlement section.

Over the year, the collateralisation level of the total portfolio improved. Excluding the pre-settlement portfolio, 53.6% of the total ING Bank’s outstandings were fully collateralised in 2017 (2016: 50.1%). Since investments traditionally do not require covers, the percentage for ‘no covers’ in this portfolio is close to 100%. However, 96% of the investment outstandings are investment grade. Improved economic conditions in ING’s main markets have led to improved collateral valuations resulting in an improved coverage ratio. The increase in business lending for ‘Other CRR/CRDIV eligible’ covers was mainly situated in the Americas region, while the decrease in ‘Guarantees’ was seen in the Americas and Asia regions.

Consumer lending portfolio

The consumer lending portfolio accounts for 39.9% of ING Bank’s total outstandings. The consumer lending portfolio is comprised of residential mortgage loans (92.7%) and other consumer lending loans, which mainly comprise term loans, revolvers and personal loan to consumers. As a result, most of the collateral consists of mortgages. The mortgage values are collected in an internal central database and in most cases external data is used to index the market value (e.g. on a quarterly basis the mortgage values for the Netherlands are updated using the NVM house price index).

A significant part of ING’s residential mortgage portfolio is provided in the Netherlands (42.0%), followed by other main markets such as Germany (24.7%), Belgium & Luxembourg (11.8%) and Australia (10.7%). Given the size of the Dutch mortgage portfolio, the valuation methodology to determine the cover values for the Dutch residential mortgages is provided below.

Dutch mortgages valuation

When a mortgage loan is granted in the Netherlands, the policy dictates maximum loan to market value (LTMV) for an existing property and for construction property financing of 101% (in 2016: 102%). In 2018 the LTMV will reduce further to 100%. The cover values are captured in the local systems which are subsequently fed into a central data system. All valuations are performed by certified valuators that are registered at one of the organisations accepted by ING. In addition, the valuator must be a member of the NVM (Nederlandse Vereniging van Makelaars – Dutch Association of Real Estate Agents), VBO (Vereniging Bemiddeling Onroerend Goed – Association of Real Estate Brokers), VastgoedPRO (Association of Real Estate Professionals) or NVR (Nederlandse Vereniging van Rentmeesters).

Consumer lending portfolio – cover values

The below tables show the values of different covers and the VTL split between performing and non-performing loans.

Cover values including guarantees received - Consumer lending portfolio – 2017
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% –<100%			³ 100%
Performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		277,776		500,753		2,980		116		23,597		32,104		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		1.2	%		8.5	%		90.2	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		4,882		7,411		68		67		155		1,342		0.0	%		0.4	%		1.2	%		1.6	%		7.7	%		89.1	%
Other Consumer Lending		21,791		246		604		142		1,147		4,384		84.6	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		0.7	%		14.1	%
Total Performing		304,449		508,409		3,652		325		24,900		37,830		6.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.1	%		7.9	%		84.7	%
Non-performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		2,883		4,046		26		4		211		646		0.8	%		0.2	%		0.6	%		4.1	%		18.9	%		75.4	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		159		249		0		5		10		21		0.7	%		1.9	%		0.6	%		1.8	%		10.7	%		84.2	%
Other Consumer Lending		857		6		1		4		9		53		95.6	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		0.7	%		3.0	%
Total Non-performing		3,900		4,300		27		13		230		720		21.6	%		0.3	%		0.5	%		3.1	%		14.6	%		59.9	%
Total Consumer Lending		308,349		512,709		3,680		338		25,130		38,551		6.3	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.1	%		8.0	%		84.4	%

¹ Consists mainly of residential mortgages to small one man business clients

Cover values including guarantees received - Consumer lending portfolio – 2016
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		276,412		473,271		2,754		136		24,664		29,421		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.4	%		13.4	%		85.0	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		4,439		6,911		62		70		145		827		0.0	%		0.4	%		0.4	%		1.3	%		8.6	%		89.3	%
Other Consumer Lending		19,448		1,599		647		167		761		3,939		83.6	%		0.3	%		0.2	%		0.3	%		1.0	%		14.6	%
Total Performing		300,299		481,781		3,463		373		25,570		34,187		5.4	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.3	%		12.5	%		80.6	%
Non-performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		3,197		4,097		29		5		255		567		0.5	%		0.3	%		0.8	%		6.1	%		27.4	%		64.9	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		176		265		1		10		10		25		0.8	%		0.3	%		1.1	%		2.1	%		13.4	%		82.3	%
Other Consumer Lending		776		13		1		3		11		60		94.1	%		0.4	%		0.2	%		0.3	%		1.1	%		3.9	%
Total Non-performing		4,149		4,375		31		18		276		652		18.0	%		0.3	%		0.7	%		4.8	%		21.9	%		54.3	%
Total Consumer Lending		304,448		486,156		3,494		391		25,846		34,839		5.6	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.4	%		12.7	%		80.1	%

¹  Consists mainly of residential mortgages to small one man business clients

The collateralisation of the consumer lending portfolio continued to improve over the year 2017. The rise in collateralisation levels was due to improved housing prices, seen over different mortgage markets, driven by the Netherlands as main market.

ING Bank’s residential mortgage outstandings increased mainly in Australia, Germany and Spain where the coverage ratio is nearly 100% and which further improved the VTL distribution. Mortgage outstandings in the Netherlands continued to decrease due to repayments combined with the run-off and transfer of WU Bank mortgages to NN Bank. Overall NPLs have shown a substantial improvement, especially in the Netherlands.

For the residential mortgages portfolio, the cover type guarantees relates to mortgages covered by governmental insurers under the Nationale Hypotheek Garantie (NHG) in the Netherlands. The NHG guarantees the repayment of a loan in case of a forced property sale.

Business lending portfolio

Business lending accounts for 41.4% of ING Bank’s total outstandings. In line with our objective to give stakeholders insight into the portfolio, we present the business lending portfolio per industry breakdown in accordance with the NAICS definition and per region and main market. Business Lending presented in this section does not include pre-settlement, investment and money market exposures, which are outlined in the next sections.

Business lending per economic sector

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2017
			Cover type										Value to Loan
Industry	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Natural Resources		50,754		1,090		2,359		20,529		16,162		18,501		32.6	%		12.4	%		10.5	%		10.7	%		9.2	%		24.6	%
Real Estate		49,098		81,749		1,641		1,363		7,179		8,084		6.4	%		1.1	%		0.9	%		3.2	%		9.3	%		79.2	%
Transportation & Logistics		26,352		3,151		139		21,428		6,983		7,734		19.2	%		5.0	%		1.3	%		4.5	%		12.9	%		57.2	%
Commercial Banks		26,265		324		126		2,370		1,624		746		86.2	%		1.1	%		0.2	%		1.0	%		2.3	%		9.1	%
Services		21,369		8,747		2,800		4,318		7,148		12,315		34.8	%		4.0	%		4.2	%		5.8	%		9.1	%		42.1	%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		18,739		7,170		269		7,791		7,529		15,287		26.2	%		4.2	%		5.2	%		10.7	%		11.6	%		42.1	%
General Industries		18,711		4,676		210		6,529		6,152		12,169		36.9	%		3.4	%		6.0	%		7.7	%		8.5	%		37.5	%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		17,394		1,774		5,362		13,018		5,070		10,255		36.4	%		6.2	%		5.0	%		8.9	%		2.6	%		41.0	%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		14,905		8,159		240		3,381		3,171		7,239		36.3	%		2.6	%		3.3	%		7.6	%		12.1	%		38.0	%
Builders & Contractors 1		14,242		6,517		230		4,789		4,535		7,886		35.4	%		4.2	%		5.0	%		6.0	%		8.9	%		40.4	%
Utilities		13,503		777		911		4,134		3,920		6,325		39.7	%		8.7	%		3.3	%		4.8	%		6.4	%		37.1	%
Others 2		48,821		10,534		899		9,918		21,302		22,444		49.7	%		5.3	%		4.4	%		4.4	%		8.3	%		27.9	%
Total Business Lending		320,153		134,667		15,185		99,569		90,777		128,985		35.3	%		5.2	%		4.3	%		6.1	%		8.6	%		40.6	%
of which Total Non-performing		8,531		4,132		441		3,261		2,947		2,877		0.23			3.9	%		6.1	%		7.3	%		17.0	%		42.4	%

¹  In 2017 the sector ‘builders and constructors’ is shown seperately.

²  ‘Others’ comprises industries with outstandings below EUR 13 billion.

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2016
			Cover type										Value to Loan
Industry	Out- standings		Mort- gages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Natural Resources		50,402		3,810		3,399		19,543		20,014		23,022		22.2	%		8.7	%		15.3	%		15.1	%		15.5	%		23.2	%
Real Estate		45,974		72,471		1,685		1,166		7,610		8,534		5.7	%		1.5	%		1.4	%		4.8	%		12.5	%		74.1	%
Transportation & Logistics		28,168		3,336		405		22,486		9,125		8,475		19.0	%		3.7	%		3.2	%		5.6	%		14.6	%		53.9	%
Commercial Banks		22,025		336		220		1,622		1,732		1,039		86.7	%		1.9	%		1.3	%		0.7	%		1.4	%		8.0	%
Services		19,252		9,010		1,389		5,420		6,034		10,369		32.4	%		3.4	%		5.0	%		7.5	%		10.9	%		40.8	%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		18,158		6,942		611		7,459		6,813		15,678		26.9	%		3.4	%		5.8	%		11.1	%		13.3	%		39.5	%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		17,211		1,885		6,060		5,338		7,268		9,075		35.5	%		8.7	%		6.0	%		7.0	%		6.1	%		36.7	%
General Industries		17,082		4,988		278		5,852		6,658		11,781		31.5	%		3.8	%		7.3	%		6.8	%		9.6	%		41.0	%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		14,732		7,636		227		3,458		3,342		7,233		34.7	%		3.1	%		5.6	%		10.6	%		12.5	%		33.5	%
Utilities		13,160		1,359		1,167		3,309		4,306		7,354		40.9	%		5.8	%		2.9	%		3.4	%		6.1	%		40.9	%
Others ¹		64,231		16,805		1,563		13,551		25,657		30,112		51.3	%		2.5	%		5.2	%		5.5	%		8.3	%		27.2	%
Total Business Lending		310,395		128,578		17,004		89,204		98,559		132,672		33.6	%		4.1	%		5.9	%		7.4	%		10.6	%		38.3	%
of which Total Non-performing		9,438		4,352		293		3,210		3,961		3,705		24.1	%		4.4	%		6.4	%		14.2	%		13.8	%		37.2	%

¹  ‘Others’ comprises industries with outstandings below EUR 13 billion.

Total business lending outstandings increased by EUR 9.8 billion, after accounting for a decline due to an FX impact of EUR 14.5 billion following the depreciation of the US Dollar. The largest increase in outstandings is visible in Commercial Banks (19.2%) mainly driven by growth in trade related transactions, followed by Real Estate and Services. The largest decrease was observed in Transportation & Logistics where outstandings as well as covers declined, mainly seen in Energy Transportation in the Netherlands and United States.

Similar to the retail lending portfolio, the risk profile of the business lending portfolio continued improving in 2017. Lower NPLs and increased levels of collateralisation contributed to this improvement. The cover values of Real Estate (traditionally a well collateralised sector) further improved during 2017. New transactions were done on more conservative collateral terms and improved values in real estate markets further helped to boost the total coverage in Real Estate. The major part of the overall decrease in non-performing outstandings was in the Real Estate and Telecom (part of Others) industries while an increase was observed in Natural Recourses.

Business lending per region

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2017
				Cover type										Value to Loan
Region		Out- standings		Mort- gages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guaran- tees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Africa			2,713		10		60		238		2,007		608		26.0	%		3.7	%		3.2	%		9.0	%		19.8	%		38.2	%
America			40,603		4,819		4,504		29,677		6,712		18,799		35.0	%		3.5	%		5.0	%		7.4	%		8.4	%		40.7	%
Asia			41,100		670		1,343		12,319		15,126		9,061		45.8	%		10.2	%		6.1	%		6.4	%		4.7	%		26.9	%
Australia			5,578		4,266		49		1,018		685		857		34.8	%		1.3	%		3.4	%		4.6	%		7.3	%		48.6	%
	Belgium		46,993		32,474		1,280		6,483		18,514		27,670		27.5	%		1.9	%		2.7	%		4.7	%		6.4	%		56.8	%
Europe	Germany		11,952		2,067		41		575		1,485		3,400		56.3	%		4.6	%		4.3	%		4.3	%		3.6	%		26.8	%
	Netherlands		62,391		51,973		2,406		24,229		8,233		13,005		26.5	%		2.8	%		3.5	%		7.7	%		15.1	%		44.3	%
	Rest of Europe		108,822		38,389		5,502		25,029		38,014		55,585		37.8	%		6.9	%		4.7	%		5.3	%		7.6	%		37.7	%
Total Business Lending			320,153		134,667		15,185		99,569		90,777		128,985		35.3	%		5.2	%		4.3	%		6.1	%		8.6	%		40.6	%
of which Non-performing			8,531		4,132		441		3,261		2,947		2,877		23.2	%		3.9	%		6.1	%		7.3	%		17.0	%		42.4	%

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2016
				Cover type										Value to Loan
Region		Out- standings		Mort- gages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guaran- tees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Africa			2,533		14		158		922		2,142		645		17.5	%		10.7	%		5.2	%		10.8	%		22.6	%		33.2	%
America			40,096		5,484		4,416		21,080		10,090		21,611		35.8	%		4.8	%		4.8	%		6.7	%		12.6	%		35.3	%
Asia			39,455		1,087		1,395		12,182		17,381		9,643		37.2	%		7.2	%		10.1	%		7.9	%		9.9	%		27.7	%
Australia			5,394		3,603		11		947		885		769		24.3	%		9.4	%		5.6	%		1.0	%		8.2	%		51.5	%
	Belgium		44,815		30,807		1,655		6,287		18,249		27,038		28.7	%		2.2	%		2.9	%		4.2	%		7.2	%		54.8	%
Europe	Germany		8,777		1,587		300		688		1,402		3,191		51.8	%		2.7	%		2.5	%		5.2	%		1.1	%		36.7	%
	Netherlands		63,597		47,941		3,007		23,451		7,990		14,849		26.5	%		2.2	%		4.5	%		11.7	%		18.0	%		37.1	%
	Rest of Europe		105,728		38,055		6,062		23,647		40,420		54,926		37.2	%		4.3	%		7.2	%		6.6	%		8.0	%		36.7	%
Total Business Lending			310,395		128,578		17,004		89,204		98,559		132,672		33.6	%		4.1	%		5.9	%		7.4	%		10.7	%		38.3	%
of which Non-performing			9,438		4,352		293		3,210		3,961		3,705		24.1	%		4.4	%		6.4	%		14.2	%		13.8	%		37.1	%

The two tables above provide the collateralisation of ING Bank’s business lending portfolio with a breakdown per geographical region or main market, which are defined based on the residence of the borrowers. The total increase in the business lending portfolio is in line with the increase in covers. Largest increases in outstandings were seen in Germany, Belgium Rest of Europe (mainly Poland and France) and Asia.

The increase in Germany was due to a large increase in central bank deposits. As these deposits are not collateralised this increase had no influence on the total cover amounts. The Rest of Europe increase was mainly observed in Poland C&FI Lending, while the largest increases in France were observed in C&FI Lending and Real Estate. The increase in Asia was driven by trade related transactions in Wholesale Banking Transaction Services despite the decreasing impact from FX changes. The depreciation of the US Dollar impacted the Asian and American Structured Finance portfolios which are primarily denominated in US Dollars.

Pre-settlement portfolio

ING uses various market pricing and measurement techniques to determine the amount of credit risk on pre-settlement activities. These techniques estimate ING’s potential future exposure on individual and portfolios of trades. Master agreements and collateral agreements are frequently entered into to reduce these credit risks.

ING matches trades with similar characteristics to determine their eligibility for offsetting. This offsetting effect is called ‘compensation’. Therefore, ING reduces the amount by any legal netting that may be permitted under various types of Master Agreements, such as ISDA Master Agreements, Global Master Repurchase Agreements (GMRA), Global Master Securities Lending Agreements (GMSLA), etc. Lastly, the amount is further reduced by any collateral that is held by ING under Credit Support Annexes (CSAs) or other similar agreements.

The use of Central Clearing Parties (CCPs) is becoming more important for the derivatives business and as a consequence the credit risk is shifting from Counterparties to CCPs. In 2017, the notional Pre-Settlement exposure that was cleared via CCPs formed 56.8% of the total notional (55.5% in 2016).

As part of its securities financing business, ING entities actively enter into agreements to sell and buy back marketable securities. These transactions can take many legal forms. Repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, buy/sell-back and sell/buyback agreements, and securities borrowing and lending agreements are the most common. As a general rule, the marketable securities that have been received under these transactions are eligible to be resold or re-pledged in other (similar) transactions. ING is obliged to return equivalent securities in such cases.

The table below represents the different types of exposures in 2017 and 2016.

• The ‘Gross MtM before netting and collateral’ is the exposure calculated in accordance with the Current Exposure Method (CEM, which in the EU regulation is referred to as the Mark-to-Market method) without accounting for any netting or collateral benefit;

• The ‘MtM after netting’ is the exposure, according to the CEM, taking into account the benefit of legally enforceable netting agreements (e.g. ISDAs), but without considering the benefit of margin collateral (e.g. CSAs);

• The ‘MtM after netting and collateral’ is the exposure according to the CEM, taking into account both the benefit of netting and marginal collateral. In other words, the gap between the ‘MtM after netting’ and ‘MtM after netting and collateral’ is the liquid collateral (cash and securities); and

• The outstandings column represents CEM exposure (MtM after netting plus the Potential Future Exposure - PFE) at a 97.5% confidence level for derivatives and securities.

Pre-settlement portfolio
		2017								2016
Region		Gross MtM before netting and collateral		MtM after netting		MtM after netting and collateral		Outstandings		Gross MtM before netting and collateral		MtM after netting		MtM after netting and collateral		Outstandings
Africa			107		96		85		119		84		49		47		89
America			21,296		10,864		6,846		7,690		20,866		10,891		6,549		9,241
Asia			7,150		3,663		3,020		3,542		8,318		4,743		3,558		3,918
Australia			483		264		241		532		537		303		228		492
	Belgium		5,165		3,761		2,880		2,215		5,463		3,368		2,871		2,455
	Germany		4,481		2,091		1,397		2,264		5,300		2,757		1,842		3,479
Europe	Netherlands		6,701		4,174		2,771		4,062		9,146		5,859		3,741		4,848
	Rest of Europe		104,788		22,404		17,637		24,260		124,173		31,656		26,648		25,481
Total Pre-settlement			150,171		47,316		34,877		44,685		173,887		59,626		45,484		50,003
of which Non-performing			23		25		25		29		37		36		36		36

During 2017 the pre-settlement portfolio decreased when expressed in terms of outstandings. The pre-settlement portfolio was mainly concentrated in rest of Europe to a central counterparty clearinghouse and commercial banks in the UK, mostly consisting of interest rate derivatives. The decrease in gross MtM before netting and collateral was also observed in this derivatives portfolio.

Credit quality

Following, the somewhat higher credit risk levels seen as a result of the financial crisis and economic downturn, credit quality has been improving since 2014 and also continued the improving trend in 2017.

Credit risk categories
	Regular		Watch List		Restructuring 1		Non-performing 1
Possible ratings		1–19		1–19		11–20		20–22
Typical ratings		1–14		15–17		18–20		20–22
Deterioration in risk		Not significant		Significant		Significant		Significant
Significant intervention		Not required		Not required		Required		Required
Includes impairments		No		No		Yes		Yes
Account Ownership		Front Office		Front Office		Front Office		Front Office
Credit Risk Management		Regular		Regular		Credit Restructuring		Credit Restructuring
Primary Manager		Front Office		Front Office		Credit Restructuring		Credit Restructuring
Accounting provisioning		IBNR		IBNR		IBNR/INSFA/ISFA		INSFA/ISFA

¹  More information on the Restructuring and Non-performing categories can be found in the Credit restructuring section.

Credit quality: ING Bank portfolio, outstandings
	2017		2016
Neither past due nor non-performing		756,803		757,498
Consumer lending past due but performing (1–90 days)		4,352		3,970
Non-performing 1		12,481		13,597
Total		773,636		775,065

¹  Based on lending and investment activities

The credit quality of the ING portfolio improved with non-performing outstandings which continued to decrease. The decrease was mainly observed in Retail Netherlands and the Real Estate Finance portfolio. The reduction in the non-performing portfolio was due to write-offs combined with positive rating migration to the performing portfolio. The increase in the past due but performing portfolio mainly resulted from a change in the days count methodology related to IFRS 9.

Past due obligations

Retail Banking continuously measures its portfolio in terms of payment arrears and on a monthly basis it is determined if there are any significant changes in the level of arrears. This methodology is principally extended to loans to private individuals, such as residential mortgage loans, car loans, and other consumer loans. An obligation is considered ‘past due’ if a payment of interest or principal is more than one day late. ING aims to help its customers as soon as they are past due by communicating (e-mail, SMS, letter or outbound call) to remind them on their payment obligations. In its contacts with the customers, ING aims to solve the (potential) financial difficulties by offering a range of measures (e.g. payment arrangements, restructuring). If the issues cannot be cured, for example because the customer is not able or not willing to pay, the contract is sent to the recovery unit. The facility is downgraded to risk rating 20 (non-performing) when arrears exceed 90 days past due and to risk rating 21 or 22 (no more cure) when the contract is terminated. The table below captures all past due exposures starting from day 1.

Aging analysis (past due but performing): ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings 1
	2017		2016
Past due for 1–30 days		3,464		3,368
Past due for 31–60 days		724		532
Past due for 61–90 days		163		70
Total		4,352		3,970

¹  Based on consumer lending. The amount of past due but performing financial assets in respect of non-lending activities was not significant.

Total past due exposure for consumer loans increased by EUR 0.4 billion. The deterioration in past due obligations was a result of the change in the days count methodology related to IFRS 9 and was mainly seen in the 31-60 days bucket and the 61-90 days. The increase in the 1-30 days bucket was driven by increased residential mortgage exposure in Netherlands Retail and Poland Retail, the increase was offset by a decrease in past due exposure in Australia.

Aging analysis (past due but performing): ING Bank consumer lending portfolio by geographic area, outstandings 1
						2017		2016
Region		Residential Mortgages		Other retail		Total		Total
Africa			1		0		1		1
America			3		0		3		2
Asia			1		0		1		2
Australia			251		0		251		540
Europe	Belgium		1,123		547		1,671		1,444
	Germany		407		89		497		251
	Netherlands		1,028		35		1,062		947
	Rest of Europe		411		455		866		783
Total			3,225		1,127		4,352		3,970

¹  Based on consumer lending. The amount of past due but performing financial assets in respect of non-lending activities was not significant.

Wholesale Banking: for business loans (governments, institutions, and corporates), ING classifies the relevant obligors as non-performing when any of the following default triggers occurs:

• The borrower has failed in the payment of principal or interest/fees and such payment failure has remained unresolved for the following period:

• Corporates: more than 90 days; and

• Financial Institutions and Governments: from day 1, however, a research period of 14 calendar days will be observed in order for ING to establish whether the payment default was due to non-operational reasons (i.e. the deteriorated credit quality of the financial institution) or due to operational reasons. The latter does not trigger default.

• ING believes the borrower is unlikely to pay: the borrower has evidenced significant financial difficulty, to the extent that it will have a negative impact on the future cash flows of the financial asset. The following events could be seen as examples of financial difficulty indicators:

(1) The borrower (or third party) has started insolvency proceedings.

(2) NPL status of a group company/co-borrower.

(3) Significant fraud (affecting the company’s ability to service its debt)

(4) There is doubt as to the borrowers’ ability to generate stable and sufficient cash flows to service its debt.

(5) Restructuring of debt

• ING has granted concessions relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, the effect of which is a reduction in expected future cash flows of the financial asset below current carrying amount.

Wholesale Banking has an individual name approach, using Early Warnings indicators to signal possible future issues in debt service.

Credit restructuring

Global Credit Restructuring (GCR) is the dedicated and independent department that deals with non-performing loans and loans that hold a reasonable probability that ING will end up with a loss, if no specific action is taken. GCR deals with accounts or portfolios requiring an active approach, which may include renegotiation of terms & conditions and business or financial restructuring. This concerns mainly WB clients. The loans are managed by GCR or by units in the various regions and business units.

ING uses three distinct statuses in categorizing the management of clients with (perceived) deteriorating credit risk profile, i.e. there is doubt as to the performance and the collectability of the client’s contractual obligations:

• Watch List: Usually, a client is first classified as Watch List when there are concerns of any (potential or material) deterioration in the credit risk profile that might affect the ability of the client to adhere to its debt service obligations or to refinance its existing loans. Watch List status requires more than usual attention, increased monitoring and quarterly reviews. Some clients with a Watch List status may develop into a Restructuring status or even a Recovery status.

• Restructuring: A client is classified as Restructuring when there are concerns about the client’s financial stability, credit worthiness and/or its ability to repay, but where the situation does not call for recalling or acceleration of facilities or liquidating the collateral. ING’s actions aim to maintain the going concern status of the client by:

• Restoring the client’s financial stability;

• Supporting the client’s turnaround;

• Restoring the balance between debt and equity; and

• Restructuring the debt to a sustainable situation.

• Recovery: A client is classified as in Recovery when ING and/or the client concludes that the client’s financial situation cannot be restored and a decision is made to end the (credit) relationship or even to enter into bankruptcy. ING will prefer an amicable exit, but will enforce and liquidate collateral or claim under the guarantees if deemed necessary.

Watch List, Restructuring and Recovery are discussed at least on a quarterly basis between Front Office, respective Credit Risk Management executives and GCR, at which time it may be decided to change the status of an account from Watch List to Restructuring or Recovery or vice versa.

Non-performing loans

ING’s loan portfolio is under constant review. Loans with past due financial obligations of more than 90 days are reclassified as non-performing. For commercial lending portfolios, there generally are reasons for declaring a loan non-performing prior to being 90 days past due. These reasons include, but are not limited to, ING’s assessment of the customer’s perceived inability to meet its financial obligations, or the customer filing for bankruptcy or bankruptcy protection.

The table below represents the breakdown by industry of credit risk outstanding for lending and investment positions that have been classified as non-performing.

Non-performing Loans: ING Bank portfolio, outstandings by economic sector
Industry	2017		2016
Private Individuals		4,094		4,382
Natural Resources		1,742		1,387
Real Estate		1,523		1,808
Transportation & Logistics		983		1,056
Builders & Contractors		863		955
General Industries		612		710
Services		578		689
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		570		705
Other ¹		1,516		1,905
Total		12,481		13,597

¹  Economic sectors not specified in above overview are grouped in Other.

The overall amount of NPLs decreased in 2017, mainly witnessed in the Private Individuals and Real Estate sectors. The decrease in NPLs for Private Individuals was mainly due to the improved credit quality in the Retail Benelux portfolio as a result of the improved economic conditions in the Netherlands and Belgium. The decline in NPLs in the Real Estate sector was observed in Real Estate Finance Netherlands and was driven by both cures and write-offs. Other significant decreases were witnessed in Food, Beverages & Personal Care, General Industries, Services and Builders & Contractors. The overall decrease in NPLs was offset by an increase in NPLs in the Natural Resources portfolio, observed in Wholesale Banking Structured Finance Netherlands and Belgium, and was driven by a few clients becoming non-performing during 2017. The decreased NPLs in “Other” were driven by the industries Telecom, Retail, Automotive and Media.

Provisioning

Loan Loss Provisions (LLP) are calculated and accounted for in accordance with IFRS. LLP are reported for financial assets that are measured against amortised costs (loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments). There are three types of LLP:

• Individually Significant Financial Asset (ISFA) provisions: when there is objective evidence that a financial asset is defaulted as result of one or more prescribed default trigger events. In such cases, ING assigns a risk rating 20, 21 or 22. Specific provisions are calculated if the exposure to a borrower exceeds the threshold amount. The threshold amount varies per business unit, but generally is EUR 1 million. Provisions are calculated based on discounted future cash flows under 1 or more likely scenarios to arrive at a best estimate of future recoveries. Provisions are made on a quarterly basis.

• Individually Not Significant Financial Asset (INSFA) provisions: are made for non-performing loans (ratings 20-22), if the exposure to a borrower is below the threshold amount. A collective model based approach is taken to determine these provisions; and

• Incurred But Not Recognised (IBNR) provisions: are made for the ‘performing’ loan portfolio as an estimate or proxy for the losses/defaults that may have already occurred in the portfolio. The PD time horizon used in the calculation of IBNR provisions refers to the period during which an asset is impaired (in default), but not yet recognised as such - due to lack of objective evidence - and the moment that objective evidence of impairment occurs and becomes available to ING (‘loss emergence period’).

ISFA, INSFA and IBNR provisions are reported and calculated by using common standards across ING. In case there is objective evidence that one of the default triggers is applicable, ISFA or INSFA provisions are calculated. An analysis takes place on a quarterly basis in order to determine the appropriate level of LLP and Risk Costs. The ING Provisioning Committee (IPC) discusses and approves the LLP for ING, on the basis of proposals originating from ING’s business units.

At the end of 2017, ING Bank held specific (ISFA) and collective provisions (INSFA) of EUR 2,511 million and EUR 1,391 million, respectively (2016: EUR 3,044 million and EUR 1,443 million, respectively), representing the difference between the amortised cost of the portfolio and the estimated recoverable amount discounted at the effective rate of interest. In addition, there was EUR 726 million (2016: EUR 821 million) in provisions (IBNR) against the performing portfolio.

Provisions: ING Bank portfolio 1,2
	Wholesale Banking				Retail Benelux				Retail Challengers & Growth Markets				Total ING Bank
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening Balance		2,147		2,371		1,884		2,199		1,277		1,216		5,308		5,786
Amounts written off		–566		–625		–519		–681		–194		–188		–1,279		–1,494
Recoveries of amounts written off		3		49		53		38		3		7		59		94
Net addition to loan loss provisions		284		367		117		347		274		260		676		974
Exchange rate or other movements		–92		–15		–2		–19		–42		–18		–136		–52
Closing Balance		1,776		2,147		1,533		1,884		1,318		1,277		4,628		5,308

¹  At the end of 2017, the stock of provisions included provisions for amounts due from banks: EUR 8 million (2016: EUR 11 million).

²  Includes EUR 104 million provisions for contingent liabilities (2016: EUR 119 million).

The favourable trend in risk costs continued during the year 2017. ING Bank recorded EUR 676 million of risk costs in 2017, down from EUR 974 million in 2016. Risk costs improved to 22 basis points of the average RWA (2016: 31 basis points). The total stock of provisions decreased by EUR 0.7 billion to EUR 4.6 billion as net additions were more than offset by amounts written off. The provisions coverage ratio decreased to 37.1% (2016: 39.0%) driven by a stronger decrease in provisions than a decline in non-performing loan outstandings.

The Retail Benelux and Wholesale Banking portfolios continued to improve and were the contributors to the decline in the stock of provisions. Retail risk costs were substantially lower in Retail Netherlands due to improved macro-economic and Dutch housing market conditions. In Wholesale Banking, risks costs were lower as a result of significant releases combined with limited increases. The lower stock of provisions was mainly observed in Real Estate Finance and the Netherlands Wholesale Banking portfolio, which was partly offset by increased provisions in the Belux Wholesale Banking loan book. The Retail Challengers & Growth Markets increase in stock of provisions was mainly observed in Poland and Spain, which was partly offset by a decrease in Germany.

Challenges continued in the shipping industries and oil & gas while on the other hand, improved risk profiles were witnessed in other portfolios of the bank such as the residential mortgages portfolio.

Large parts of the investment portfolio are not accounted for at amortised costs and therefore out of scope for LLP. Instead, these assets are evaluated for impairment. The ING Bank Impairment Meeting is held quarterly and reviews all assets that are subject to an IFRS-EU impairment test.

As of 1 January 2018, the IFRS 9 accounting rules on loan loss provisioning will be implemented. These accounting rules will not change the actual credit losses, but will have an impact on the timing of the reflection of these losses in the P&L. Where in current accounting practice loan loss provisions are booked from the moment losses are incurred, under IFRS 9 loan loss provisions are booked given expected losses. More specifically, loan loss provisioning becomes more forward-looking under IFRS 9 partly due to the fact that provisions will be based on the macroeconomic outlook. Furthermore, loan loss provisioning will be calculated on lifetime expected losses for assets that have been significantly deteriorated in credit quality. As a result of these elements, loan loss provisioning in the P&L could become more volatile.

Forbearance

Forbearance occurs when a client is considered to be unable to meet its financial commitments under the contract due to financial difficulties and ING decides to grant concessions towards the client. Forborne exposures are exposures in respect of which forbearance measures have been granted. Forbearance measures can be either modifications to existing contractual terms and conditions or total or partial refinancing. Within ING, forbearance is based on the European Implementing Technical Standards.

To identify forbearance, ING assesses clients with Early Warning Signals, Watch List, Restructuring, Default or Recovery status. ING reviews the performance of forborne exposures at least quarterly, either on a case-by-case (business) or on a portfolio (retail) basis.

For corporate customers, ING applies forbearance measures to support clients with fundamentally sound business models that are experiencing temporary difficulties. The aim is to maximise the repayment ability of the clients.

For ING retail units, clear criteria have been established to determine whether a client is eligible for forbearance – generally as part of an automated process. Specific approval mandates are in place to approve the measures, as well as procedures to manage, monitor and report the forbearance activities.

Exposures with forbearance measures can be either performing (Risk Ratings 1-19) or non-performing (Risk Ratings 20-22). ING applies criteria to move forborne exposures from non-performing to performing as well as criteria to remove the forbearance status that are consistent with the corresponding EBA standards. An exposure is reported as forborne for a minimum of two years, plus a probation period of one year is observed for forborne exposures to move from non-performing back to performing.

ING Bank: Summary Forborne assets 1
	2017									2016
Business Line	Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		% of total portfolio			Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		% of total portfolio
Wholesale Banking		6,162		2,776		3,386		2.1	%		7,776		3,978		3,799		2.7	%
Retail Banking		5,657		3,074		2,583		1.3	%		7,104		3,944		3,159		1.7	%
Total		11,819		5,849		5,969		1.6	%		14,880		7,922		6,958		2.1	%

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

ING implemented its forbearance policy in 2014. In 2016 based on a detailed re-assessment of the relevant standards set by EBA and subsequent regulatory guidance, ING tightened the definitions under its forbearance policy. As a result of these revisions in definition and scope, performing forborne exposure recognized by ING increased significantly in 2016 as measures taken in previous periods were then recognized as forbearance. Examples of measures taken were commercially justifiable measures, modifications of covenants as well as waivers of covenant breaches.

Due to further refinement of aforementioned policy, recognition of forborne assets has been changed from client level to facility level as a result of which forborne assets have substantially reduced.

ING’s forborne assets decreased by EUR 3.1 billion (21%) to EUR 11.8 billion per 2017, of which Wholesale Banking decreased by EUR 1.6 billion and Retail Banking decreased by EUR 1.4 billion.

Wholesale Banking

As per end of December 2017, Wholesale Banking forborne assets amounted to a total of EUR 6.2 billion, which represented 2.1% of the total Wholesale Banking portfolio.

Wholesale Banking: Forborne assets by geographical area 1
		2017						2016
Region		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing
	Netherlands		1,593		816		777		2,200		1,100		1,100
	Belgium		223		105		118		245		103		142
Europe	Germany		45		23		22		41		13		28
	Rest of Europe		2,456		867		1,589		3,016		1,496		1,521
Africa			156		84		72		197		112		85
America			1,212		584		628		1,387		709		678
Asia			428		291		137		663		445		218
Australia			49		7		42		27		0		27
Total			6,162		2,776		3,386		7,776		3,978		3,799

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

The main concentration of forborne assets in a single country was in the Netherlands with 26% (2016: 28%) of the total Wholesale Banking forborne assets. Wholesale Banking forborne assets decreased by EUR 1.6 billion compared to 2016, of which performing EUR 1.2 billion and non-performing EUR 0.4 billion. Underlying, main changes were in the Netherlands and Asia where forborne assets decreased by EUR 0.6 billion and EUR 0.2 billion respectively. The decrease in the Netherlands was mainly driven by repayments and write offs, the decrease in Asia was mainly visible in Transportation & Logistics (EUR 0.1 billion) and Natural Resources (EUR 0.1 billion), driven by the respective Shipping and Oil & Gas portfolio’s.

Wholesale Banking: Forborne assets by economic sector 1
	2017						2016
Industry	Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing
Natural Resources		1,995		743		1,251		2,385		1,232		1,152
Real Estate		1,467		824		643		1,775		1,015		759
Transportation & Logistics		988		398		590		1,319		685		634
Builders & Contractors		435		174		261		429		269		160
General Industries		329		140		189		411		112		299
Services		289		137		151		414		198		216
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		199		139		60		207		141		66
Utilities		177		9		168		259		58		201
Retail		82		56		26		49		18		31
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		56		52		4		76		65		11
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		51		49		3		12		7		5
Telecom		39		14		25		152		39		114
Other		55		40		15		290		139		150
Total		6,162		2,776		3,386		7,776		3,978		3,799

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

Wholesale Banking forborne assets were mainly concentrated in Natural Resources, Real Estate and Transportation & Logistics. Together they accounted for 72% (2016: 70%) of the total Wholesale Banking forborne assets and 73% (2016: 67%) of the total Wholesale Banking non-performing forborne assets. Decreases in forborne assets were mainly in the Natural Resources (EUR 0.4 billion), Real Estate (EUR 0.3 billion) and Transportation & Logistics (EUR 0.3 billion) industries.

Retail Banking

As per end of December 2017, Retail Banking forborne assets amounted to a total of EUR 5.7 billion, which represented 1.3% of the total Retail Banking portfolio.

Retail Banking: Forborne assets by geographical area 1
		2017						2016
Region		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing
Europe	Netherlands		3,036		1,727		1,309		4,301		2,395		1,906
	Belgium		1,096		399		697		1,139		418		721
	Germany		541		432		109		644		511		132
	Rest of Europe		639		342		297		651		335		317
Africa			1		0		1		1		0		1
America			1		0		1		3		0		2
Asia			2		2		0		1		0		1
Australia			342		172		170		364		285		79
Total			5,657		3,074		2,583		7,104		3,944		3,159

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

The main concentration of forborne assets in a single country was in the Netherlands with 54% of the total Retail Banking forborne assets (2016: 61%) and 51% of the non-performing forborne assets (2016: 60%). Retail banking forborne assets decreased by EUR 1.4 billion compared to 2016, and was mainly visible in consumer lending and mortgages. Specifically forborne assets decreased by EUR 0.6 billion in the Dutch Residential mortgage portfolio. Due to a continued improved economic environment, visible by the increasing house prices and improved credit worthiness of our clients.

Securitisations

ING primarily plays three roles in its exposure to securitisations programs which are:

ING as Investor

ING’s goal is to maintain a portfolio of high quality liquid assets that meets the regulatory requirements of CRR/CRD IV and the Delegated Act of October 2014 regarding liquidity. ING invests in high quality Asset Backed Securities (ABS) keeping close track of the securitisation investment positions via monthly monitoring reports and weekly update calls. Additionally, ING may invest in securitisation positions in order to facilitate client business from its Disintermediation & Asset Securitisation unit.

ING as Originator

ING occasionally originates its own securitisation transactions for economic and regulatory capital purposes, as well as liquidity and funding purposes. Securitisations originated by a company may only be considered for balance sheet de-recognition when the requirements for significant credit risk transfer have been fulfilled. ING has executed a very limited number of external transactions as originator.

ING as Sponsor

In the normal course of business, ING structures financing transactions for its clients by assisting them in obtaining sources of liquidity by selling the clients’ receivables or other financial assets to a special purpose vehicle (SPV). Senior positions in these transactions are often funded by the ING administered multi-seller asset backed commercial paper (ABCP) conduit Mont Blanc Capital Corp. (rated A-1/P-1). Mont Blanc Capital Corp. funds itself externally in the ABCP markets. In its role as administrative agent, ING facilitates these transactions by providing structuring, accounting, funding and operations services. ING also provides support facilities (liquidity facilities) backing the transactions funded by the conduit. Mont Blanc is fully consolidated into the ING annual accounts.

Market risk

Introduction

Market risk is the risk that movements in market variables, such as interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads and real estate prices negatively impact the bank’s earnings, capital, market value or liquidity position. Market risk either arises through positions in banking books or trading books. The banking book positions are intended to be held for the long-term (or until maturity) or for the purpose of hedging other banking book positions. The trading book positions are typically held with a short-term trading intent or in order to hedge other positions in the trading book. This means that financial instruments in the trading books should be free of restrictions on their tradability. Policies and processes are in place to monitor inclusion of positions into either a trading or a banking book and transfer of risk from trading to banking book and vice versa.

ING recognises the importance of sound market risk management and bases its market risk management framework on the approach to identify, assess, control and manage market risks. The approach consists of a cycle of five recurring activities: risk identification, risk assessment, risk control, risk monitoring and risk reporting.

• Risk identification is a joint effort of the first and second line of defence (the ‘three lines of defence governance’ model is explained in the risk governance paragraph of the general risk management section). Its goal is to detect potential new risks and changes in known risks;

• Identified risks are assessed and measured by means of various risk metrics to determine the importance of the risk to ING and subsequently to identify the control measures needed;

• Control measures used by ING include policies, procedures, minimum standards, limit frameworks, buffers and stress tests;

• An important element of risk management is to continuously monitor whether the implemented risk controls are executed and complied with and check that the controls are effective; and

• Market risk management results and findings are reported to the governing departments and approval bodies.

Governance

A governance framework has been established defining specific roles and responsibilities of business management units, market risk management units and internal approval bodies per activity.

Supervision of market risk falls under responsibility of the Management Board Banking (MBB) and is delegated to the ALCO function, where ALCO Bank is the highest approval authority and sets the market risk appetite. ALCO Bank monitors adherence to the risk appetite for market risk and sets additional limits where appropriate. These limits are cascaded through the organisation through lower level ALCO’s. This ALCO structure facilitates top-down risk management, limit setting and the monitoring and control of market risk.

Monitoring and control of market risk are within the responsibilities of FR and Financial Institutions – Financial Markets (FI-FM) Risk. FR and FI-FM Risk are the designated departments of the second line of defence, independent from the first line of defence (front office) that report to the CRO function and that are responsible for the design and execution of the bank’s market risk and counterparty credit risk management functions in support of the ALCO function. FR focuses on the market risks in the banking books, the Capital Management department and the Bank Treasury department, whereas FI-FM is responsible for counterparty credit risk and market risks resulting from the Financial Markets trading books. FR and FI-FM Risk are responsible for determining adequate policies and procedures for actively managing market risk in banking and trading books and for monitoring the compliance with these guidelines.

Besides monitoring and control of market risk, FR and FI-FM maintain a limit framework in line with ING’s Risk Appetite Framework. The businesses are responsible for adhering to limits that are ultimately approved by ALCO Bank. Limit excesses are reported to senior management on a timely basis and the business is required to take appropriate actions to reduce the risk position. To adhere to the established limit framework, ING implements hedging and risk mitigation strategies that range from the use of traditional market instruments, such as interest rate swaps, to more sophisticated hedging strategies to address a combination of risk factors arising at the portfolio level.

The organisational structure facilitates top-down risk management by recognising that risk taking and risk management to a large extent occur at the regional/local level. Bottom-up reporting from regional/local units to head office units allows each management level to fully assess the market risk relevant at the respective levels.

Several committees govern the communication between the parties involved in market risk management. Market Risk Model Committee (MRMC) is the highest dedicated authority within ING for the approval of all trading and banking risk models, methodologies and parameters related to market risk. Trading Pricing Model Committee (TPMC) approves pricing models for trading and banking books. The GCTP is the highest dedicated authority with representatives from Financial Risk, CRO Challengers & Growth Markets and CRO Wholesale Banking for the approval of policies, models, methodologies and parameters related to credit risk and trading risk and for consideration of risk appetite and risk governance. Systematic risk reporting takes place by departments of Financial Risk and FI-FM Risk to the EB and MBB, senior executive management of CRO function and senior executive management of related business functions.

FI-FM Risk Management Framework governs the boundary between trading books and banking books. It defines the activities ING considers to be trading according to a regulatory definition and as constituting part of the trading book for own funds requirement purposes. Trading activity is systematically reviewed and positions against the mandates are assessed jointly by first and second lines of defence. As specified in the framework, transfer of risk or positions between banking and trading books is not allowed.

This market risk paragraph elaborates on the various elements of the risk management framework for:

• Market risk economic capital for trading and banking books;

• Market risks in the banking books; and

• Market risks in the trading books.

Economic capital for market risk

Economic capital for market risk is the economic capital necessary to withstand unexpected value movements due to changes in market variables and model risk.

Economic Capital for market risk is calculated for exposures both in trading portfolios and banking portfolios and includes interest rate risk, credit spread risk, equity price risk, foreign exchange rate risk, real estate risk, model risks and pension risk. Economic capital for market risk is calculated using internally developed methodologies with a 99.95% confidence interval and a horizon of one year.

For the trading books, the linear interest rate risk in the banking books and equity investments, the Value at Risk (VaR) is taken as a starting point for the economic capital calculations for market risk. The VaR is measured at a 99% confidence interval, a one day holding period and under the assumption of an expected value of zero.

To arrive at the economic capital for market risk, a simulation based model is used which includes scaling to the required confidence interval and holding period. In determining this scaling factor, several other factors are also taken into account like the occurrence of large market movements (events) and management interventions.

Embedded options, e.g. the prepayment option and offered rate option in mortgages in the banking books, result in non-linear interest rate risk in the banking books. The embedded options are economically hedged using a delta-hedging methodology, leaving the mortgage portfolio exposed to convexity and volatility risk. For the calculation of economic capital for this non-linear interest rate risk ING performs a Monte Carlo simulation.

Real estate price risk includes the market risks in both the real estate investment and the development portfolio of ING Wholesale Banking. The economic capital for real estate price risk is calculated by stressing the underlying market variables.

While aggregating the different economic capital market risk figures for the different portfolios, diversification benefits (based on stressed correlations) are taken into account as it is not expected that all extreme market movements will appear at the same moment.

Market risk in banking books

ING makes a distinction between trading and banking (non-trading) books. Positions in banking books originate from the market risks inherent in commercial products that are sold to clients, the Bank Treasury exposures and from the investment of own funds (core capital). Both the commercial products, and the products used to hedge market risk exposures in these products are intended to be held until maturity, or at least for the long-term.

Risk transfer

An important element of the management of market risks in the banking books is the process of risk transfer. In this process the interest rate, FX, funding and liquidity risks are transferred from the commercial books through matched funding to Bank Treasury, where it is centrally managed. The scheme below presents the transfer and management process of market risks in the banking books:

In November 2017, it was approved to merge Bank Treasury and Capital Management into a new department named Group Treasury. This merge is expected to be completed by June 2018.

Risk measurement

The main concepts and metrics used for measuring market risk in the banking books are described below per risk type.

Interest rate risk in banking book

Interest rate risk in the banking books is defined as the exposure of a bank’s earnings, capital and market value to adverse movements in interest rates originated from positions in the banking books.

Governance

The management of interest rate risk follows the interest rate risk in the banking book framework as approved by ALCO Bank. This framework describes roles and responsibilities, risk metrics, and it defines the policies and procedures related to interest rate risk management. Furthermore, on an overall level, ALCO Bank sets the risk appetite for interest rate risk, which is translated into limits for interest rate risk metrics.

ING’s approach to interest rate risk management, as set forth in this framework, is centralisation of risks from commercial books (that capture the products sold to clients) to central interest rate risk books. This enables a clear demarcation between commercial business results and results on unhedged interest rate positions.

ING distinguishes three types of activities that generate interest rate risk in the banking books:

• Investment of own funds (by Capital Management)

• Commercial business (e.g. Retail business)

• The strategic interest rate position (Bank Treasury)

Below the three activities are described in more detail:

Capital Management is responsible for managing the investment of own funds (core capital), more information can be found in the Capital Management section. Capital is invested for longer periods, targeting to maximise return, while keeping earnings stable.

The commercial activities can result in linear interest rate risk, for example when re-pricing tenors of assets differ from those of liabilities. Also interest rate risk can arise from customer behaviour depending on the nature of the underlying product characteristics. Customer behaviour risk is defined as the potential future value loss due to deviations in the actual behaviour of clients versus the modelled behaviour towards the embedded options in commercial products. General sources of customer behaviour risk include the state of the economy, competition, changes in regulation, legislation and tax regime, and developments in the housing market. Since these risk factors cannot be (fully) mitigated, ING holds capital to be able to absorb possible losses as a result of changed customer behaviour.

From an interest rate risk perspective the commercial activities can typically be divided into three main product types: savings and demand deposits, mortgages and loans.

• Savings and demand deposits are generally invested with the goal to hedge their value and minimize the sensitivity of the margin to market interest rates. Interest rate risk can arise when there is a lag between savings rate adjustments versus adjustments experienced through market rates or when market rate changes cannot be passed on to clients. The interest rate risk is modelled based on the stability of the deposit and the pass through rate. This takes into account different elements, such as pricing strategies, volume developments and the level and shape of the yield curve. Savings volumes are typically assumed not to be sensitive to interest rate shocks;

• Interests rate risk for mortgages arises through prepayment behaviour. In modelling this risk, interest rate dependent pre-payments are considered. Next to dependence on interest rates, modelled prepayment may include other effects such as loan to value, seasonality and age of the loan. In addition, the interest sensitivity of embedded offered rate options is considered; and

• Wholesale Banking loanstypically do not experience interest rate prepayment behavior they are hedged from an interest rate risk perspective and therefore not contain significant convexity risk.

Customer behaviour in relation to mortgages, loans, savings and demand deposits is modelled, based on extensive research. Per business unit and product type, exposures are typically segmented into different portfolios based on expected client behaviour. For each of the segments, model parameters for example for the pass through rate and customer behaviour are determined based on historical data and expert opinion. Models are typically back tested at least semi-annually and updated when deemed necessary. Model parameters and the resulting risk measures are approved by (local) ALCO.

Linear interest rate risk is transferred from the commercial business to the treasury books (Bank Treasury), if necessary using estimations of customer behaviour. The originating commercial business is ultimately responsible for estimating customer behaviour, leaving convexity risk and (unexpected) customer behaviour risk with the commercial business. Risk measurement and the risk transfer process take place on a monthly basis, but more often if deemed necessary, for instance in volatile markets.

The commercial business manages the convexity risk that is the result of products that contain embedded options, like mortgages. Here the convexity risk is defined as the optionality effects in the value due to interest rate changes, excluding the first-order effects. In some cases, convexity risk is transferred from the commercial books to treasury books using cap/floor contracts.

Bank Treasury manages the strategic interest rate position excluding capital investments. The main objective is to maximise the economic value of the book and to generate adequate and stable annual earnings within the risk appetite boundaries set by ALCO Bank.

In the following sections, the interest rate risk exposures in the banking books are presented. ING uses risk measures based on both an earnings and a value perspective. Net Interest Income (NII)-at-Risk is used to provide the earnings perspective and the Net Present Value (NPV)-at-Risk and Basis Point Value (BPV) figures provide the value perspective. Please note that corrective management actions are not taken into account in these figures although price adjustments are included in the earnings risk measure.

Developments relating to IRRBB

During 2017 ING implemented a number of refinements to the risk measurement for IRRBB following the review and update of the interest rate risk policy and minimum standards. The following refinements were implemented during 2017:

• To accommodate interest rate scenarios to go negative, while in previous years the downward scenarios contained a floor of 0% on the interest rates (in line with regulatory guidelines).

• Implementation of currency specific scenarios calculated from historical data aligned to the overall risk appetite framework, whereas previously the same scenario (+/-100bps) for different currencies was applied.

• The scenarios for the earnings perspective (NII) are applied gradually over a 12 month (ramped) period whereas previously the scenarios were applied instantaneously.

• Addition of the market spreads in the calculation of the NPV-at-Risk measure.

• Savings model updates for market developments

Net Interest Income (NII) at Risk

NII-at-Risk measures the impact of changing interest rates on (before tax) net interest income of the banking books for year one. This excludes credit spread sensitivity and longer term earnings impact. The NII-at-Risk figures in the tables below reflect a parallel interest rate shock with a time horizon of one year. Next to parallel scenarios also the impact of non-parallel scenarios and the impact over a longer horizon is part of IRRBB monitoring and management. The NII-at-Risk asymmetry between the downward scenario and upward shock scenarios is primarily caused by the convexity risk in the mortgage and savings portfolio due to the embedded options and pricing constraints.

NII-at-Risk banking books per business - year 1

	2017				2016
	Ramped,		unfloored		Instantaneous,		floored
	parallel  q		parallel  p		parallel  q		+100 bps
By business
Wholesale Banking		–185		201		–15		138
Retail Banking Benelux		17		–48		–73		–88
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets		101		–133		20		58
Corporate Line Banking		–24		13		8		116
Total		–91		33		–60		224

The NII-at-Risk is mainly influenced by the sensitivity of savings to interest rate movements due to pass through rate differences between savings rates and investment yields and is partially offset by the sensitivity of mortgages. The investment of own funds only impacts the Earnings sensitivity marginally, as only a relatively small part has to be (re)invested within the 1-year horizon.

NII-at-Risk banking book per currency - year 1

	2017				2016
	Ramped,		unfloored		Instantaneous,		floored
	parallel q		parallel p		parallel q		+100 bps
By currency
Euro		–83		9		–54		186
US Dollar		10		–20		–14		19
Other		–19		44		8		19
Total		–91		33		–60		224

Year-on-year variance analysis

The revised IRRBB measures explain to a large extent the change in NII-at-Risk, foremost the difference in the shock applied. Previous year the earnings sensitivity was calculated based on an instantaneous upward and downward floored scenario of 100bps while as of March 2017, the NII-at-Risk is calculated based on a gradual upward – and downward unfloored scenario. In 2016 the same scenario (+/-100bps) for different currencies was applied while as of 2017 currency specific scenarios were calculated.

Further, the change in NII-at-Risk for Retail Challengers & Growth Markets is driven by the savings model updates for market developments in Italy, Spain and ING Germany.

Wholesale Banking shows a more negative NII sensitivity in the downward scenario as a result of the removal of the floor. The change in NII-at-Risk for the Corporate Line is due to investments in longer tenors of own funds.

Net Present Value (NPV) at Risk

NPV-at-Risk measures the impact of changing interest rates on value. The NPV-at-Risk is defined as the outcome of an instantaneous increase and decrease in interest rates applying currency specific scenarios. The NPV-at-Risk asymmetry between the downward and upward shock is primarily caused by convexity risk in the mortgage and savings portfolio. The NPV-at-Risk figures are also calculated using the updated approach for interest rate movements.

The full value impact cannot be directly linked to the balance sheet or profit and loss account, as fair value movements in banking books are not necessarily reported through the profit and loss account or through equity. The value mutations are expected to materialise over time in the profit and loss account, if interest rates develop according to forward rates throughout the remaining maturity of the portfolio.

NPV-at-Risk banking books per business

	2017				2016
			unfloored				floored
	parallel q		parallel p		parallel q		+100 bps
By business
Wholesale Banking		309		–184		–157		–19
Retail Banking Benelux		–492		–468		–224		–287
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets		–368		–17		328		–435
Corporate Line Banking		1,476		–1,404		115		–1,186
Total		926		–2,073		61		–1,926

NPV-at-Risk banking books per accounting category

	2017				2016
			unfloored				floored
	parallel q		parallel p		parallel q		+100 bps
By accounting category
Amortised costs		–2,390		1,052		114		248
Available for Sale		2,839		–2,719		115		–2,153
Fair value through profit and loss		476		–406		–168		–21
Total		926		–2,073		61		–1,926

The NPV-at-Risk is dominated by the interest rate sensitive long-term investments of own funds, as the equity itself is not modelled and hence is not presented as an offset for the investments of own funds. The value of these investments is impacted significantly if interest rates move up. The asymmetry between the NPV-at-Risk for a downward scenario and an upward shock is primarily caused by the convexity risk due to (embedded) optionality in the savings and mortgage portfolio.

Year-on-year variance analysis

NPV-at-Risk for the downward scenario changed by EUR 865 million during 2017. The main driver of the positive change is the Corporate Line Banking due to the removal of the floor. The removal of the floor is the main contributor to the change in the downward scenario for the other business lines next to the model updates for the savings portfolio for Retail Banking Benelux and Retail Challengers & Growth Markets.

The NPV-at-Risk in the upward scenario changed by EUR -147 million. The change for the Corporate Line can be attributed to longer term investments. The changes for Retail Banking Benelux and Retail Challengers & Growth Markets are due to the savings model updates.

The change in impact per accounting category for both the downward and upward scenario is primarily a result of the update of the IRRBB measures. In the downward scenario the change in the NPV-at-Risk is a result of the removal of the floor. The downward and upward scenario for the Available for Sale and Fair value through profit and loss accounting category show a more symmetric impact as a result of the removal of the floor.

Basis Point Value (BPV)

BPV measures the impact of a one basis point increase in interest rates on value. To a large extent the BPV and NPV-at-Risk reflect the same risk - the difference being that BPV does not reflect convexity risk, given the small shift in interest rates.

BPV banking books per currency
in EUR thousand	2017		2016
By currency
Euro		–18,446		–13,043
US Dollar		–1,417		–550
Other		1,583		–1,303
Total		–18,280		–14,896

In line with NPV-at-Risk, the bank’s overall BPV position is dominated by the long-term investment of own funds, as the present value of this position is significantly impacted if interest rates move up by one basis point.

Year-on-year variance analysis

The overall BPV decreased by EUR 3.4 million to EUR -18.3 million in 2017. This mainly results from longer term investments of own funds in Corporate Line (BPV impact of EUR -3.9 million).

Foreign exchange (FX) risk in banking books

FX exposures in banking books result from core banking business activities (business units doing business in other currencies than their base currency), foreign currency investments in subsidiaries (including realised net profit and loss) and strategic equity stakes in foreign currencies. The policy regarding these exposures is briefly explained below.

Governance – Core banking business

Every business unit hedges the FX risk resulting from core banking business activities into its base currency. Consequently, assets and liabilities are matched in terms of currency.

Governance – FX translation result

ING’s strategy is to keep the target CET1 ratio within a certain range when FX rates fluctuate, whilst limiting the volatility in the profit and loss account. Therefore, hedges are only done to the extent that hedge accounting can be applied. Taking this into account, the CET1 ratio hedge can be achieved by deliberately taking foreign currency positions equal to certain target positions, such that the target CET1 capital and risk-weighted assets are equally sensitive in relative terms to changing FX rates. A selection of emerging market currencies that meet specific requirements do not have a target position, but are allowed to remain open under the policy.

Risk profile – FX translation result

The following table presents the currency exposures in the banking books for the most important currencies for FX translation result. Positive figures indicate long positions in the respective currency. As a result of the strategy to hedge the CET1 ratio a net foreign currency exposure exists.

Net banking currency exposures banking books
	Foreign Investments				Hedges				Net exposures
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
US Dollar		2,487		2,852		4		280		2,491		3,133
Pound Sterling		667		701		–		–128		667		573
Polish Zloty		2,398		1,927		–618		–584		1,780		1,344
Australian Dollar		3,769		3,856		–2792		–3,324		977		532
Turkish Lira		1,828		2,066		–		–3		1,828		2,063
Chinese Yuan		2,762		3,012		–		–161		2,762		2,851
Korean Won		954		958		–817		–779		137		179
Indian Rupee		937		714		–		–		937		714
Brazilian Real		211		253		–		–		211		253
Russian Rouble		549		589		–154		–224		395		364
Other currency		2,828		2,863		–1,200		–1,472		1,628		1,391
Total		19,390		19,792		–5,576		–6,396		13,815		13,396

In order to measure the sensitivity of the target CET1 ratio against FX rate fluctuations, the Historical Value at Risk is used based on historical series of the last 12 months FX rates. It measures the drop in the CET1 ratio from the target based on historical FX rates. Based on these time series and with a probability of 1%, the drop in the CET1 ratio would be 0.16% . As this methodology has been newly developed in 2017, the comparable 2016 sensitivity is not available.

Equity price risk in banking books

Governance

ING maintains a strategic portfolio with substantial equity exposure in its banking books. Local offices are responsible for the management of the equity investments positions. Financial Risk is responsible for monitoring the regulatory capital for Equity Investments on a monthly basis and it acts independently from the management in monitoring these positions.

Risk Profile

Equity price risk arises from the possibility that equity security prices will fluctuate, affecting the value of equity securities and other instruments whose value reacts similarly to a particular security, a defined basket of securities, or a securities index. ING’s equity exposure mainly consists of the investments in associates and joint ventures of EUR 947 million (2016: EUR 1,003 million) and equity securities held in the available-for-sale (AFS) portfolio of EUR 3,983 million (2016: EUR 4,024 million). The value of equity securities held in the available-for-sale portfolio is directly linked to equity security prices with increases/decreases being recognised in the revaluation reserve, except in the case of impairment. Investments in associates and joint ventures are measured in accordance with the equity method of accounting and the balance sheet value is therefore not directly linked to equity security prices.

Equities Unrealised Gains and Losses in the AFS portfolio
	2017		2016
Gross unrealised gains		2,478		2,675
Gross unrealised losses		–4		–19
Total		2,474		2,656

Year-on-year variance analysis

The revaluation reserve relating to equity securities held in the available-for-sale portfolio moved from EUR 2,656 million per year end 2016 to EUR 2,474 million per year end 2017. In 2017 the AFS portfolio slightly decreased by EUR 41 million to EUR 4.0 billion, the decrease in the value of the investment in Bank of Beijing and some sales of equity stakes was largely compensated by the increase in value of the stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank.

Real Estate price risk in banking books

Real Estate price risk arises from the possibility that real estate prices fluctuate. This affects both the value of real estate assets and earnings related to real estate activities.

Governance

Real Estate is a run-off business consisting of Real Estate Development and Real Estate Investment Management activities which are being wound down by sale of assets, strict execution of contract maturity or through portfolio sales.

Risk profile

ING has two main different categories of real estate exposure on its banking books: first, its own buildings which ING occupies, and second, development assets, which mostly consists of former Real Estate Development and Real Estate Investment Management activities. The total real estate exposure amounts to EUR 0.9 billion (excluding property from foreclosures and third party interest). ING has EUR 0.1 billion recognised at fair value through profit and loss and EUR 0.8 billion is recognised at cost or revalued through equity (with impairments going through profit and loss). A split on the real estate exposure per continent and sector based on the risk management view is shown below.

Real Estate market risk exposure in banking books (by geographic area and sector type)
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Continent					Sector
Europe		827		969	Residential		72		104
Americas		25		36	Office		785		895
Australia		0		0	Retail		8		19
Asia		0		0	Industrial		12		18
Other		82		104	Other		57		72
Total		934		1,109	Total		934		1,108

Main exposure arises from office buildings in own use located in Netherlands and Belgium (EUR 0.78 billion), as well as retail and residential exposures in Europe (EUR 0.08 billion).

Year-on-year variance analysis

In total, real estate market risk exposure in the banking books decreased by nearly EUR 0.2 billion mainly as a result of divestments. The remainder is due to impairments and fair value changes.

Market risk in trading books

Within the trading portfolios, positions are maintained in the professional financial markets. These positions are often a result of transactions with clients and may serve to benefit from short-term price movements. In 2017, ING continued its strategy of undertaking trading activities to develop its client-driven franchise and deliver a differentiating experience by offering multiple market and trading products efficiently and effectively.

Governance

The Financial Markets Risk Committee (FMRC) is the market risk committee that, within the risk appetite set by ALCO Bank, sets market risk limits both on an aggregated level and on a desk level, and approves new products. FI-FM Risk advises both FMRC and ALCO Bank on the market risk appetite of trading activities.

With respect to the trading portfolios, FI-FM Risk focuses on the management of market risks of Wholesale Banking (mainly Financial Markets) as this is the only business line within ING where trading activities take place. Trading activities include facilitation of client business and market making. FI-FM Risk is responsible for the development and implementation of trading risk policies and risk measurement methodologies, the reporting and monitoring of risk exposures against approved trading limits and the validation of pricing models. FI-FM Risk also reviews trading mandates and limits, and performs the gatekeeper role in the product review process. The management of market risk in trading portfolios is performed at various organisational levels. FI-FM Risk Management Framework defines policies and procedures for the overall management of trading books. Trading activity is systematically reviewed and positions against the mandates are assessed jointly by first and second lines of defence.

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

ING aligns the pricing sources it uses with the Fair Value Hierarchy. The best evidence of Fair Value are published price quotations in active markets. Where quoted prices are not available, other pricing sources and valuation techniques are used to determine fair value.

Examples of other pricing sources are, independent market vendors, brokers, or recent transactions. The range of prices obtained from these sources can diverge. The choice for one or the other pricing source can therefore result in different estimates of fair value. Selecting the most appropriate price within this range requires expertise and judgement. The selection of the pricing sources used is subject to internal approval and review in the Market Data Committee.

Valuation techniques range from discounting of cash flows to valuation models. Such models are based on relevant risk factors such as the market price of underlying reference instruments, market parameters (volatilities, correlations and credit ratings) and customer behaviour. Some of these risk factors require assumptions which imply that valuation models are subjective by nature. Depending on what valuation technique is used and what assumptions are made, the obtained fair value can be different. Hence the implied downward and/or upward uncertainty of the accounting value may vary. For a classification of fair valued exposure to products in accordance with their degree of valuation uncertainty, refer to the section ‘Financial instruments at fair value’ of Note 37 ‘Fair value of assets and liabilities’.

All valuation models used are subject to a model governance framework. Model governance refers to a set of policies and procedures that have to be strictly followed and that cover the complete lifecycle of a model, i.e. its development, validation, approval, implementation, and maintenance. The pillars of the model governance framework are independent validation and periodic review. A periodic review aims to determine whether a model is still appropriate for its intended use. Where models are used for valuations, there can be uncertainty on the assumptions of the underlying models and/or parameters. In those cases where significant uncertainty on assumptions arises, a model risk valuation adjustment is applied.

In general, positions are valued by taking the bid price for a long position and the offer price for a short position. In cases where positions are marked at mid-market prices, a fair value adjustment is calculated.

ING has aligned existing fair valuation adjustments with the regulatory standards for fair valued instruments issued by EBA, hence where possible it follows a unified valuation framework which meets both IFRS and CRR requirements. This approach is supported by a bank-wide valuation policy framework. Detailed methodologies for fair valued instruments per product and degree of liquidity are available. These cover among others close out costs and mid-price uncertainty. Benefits of this framework and chosen approach are a significant increase in consistency and transparency of the fair valuation of financial instruments across different locations and books. For compliance with EBA regulatory standards an additional valuation adjustment through capital on the concentrated positions (the Concentration AVA) of EUR 13 million after tax is booked for ING in 2017. On a quarterly basis all valuation adjustments are discussed and approved in the Global Pricing and Impairment Committee (GP&IC). This committee oversees the valuation framework and Independent price verification.

To include credit risk in the fair valuation, ING applies both credit and debit valuation adjustments (hereafter referred to as respectively, CVA and DVA). Own issued debt and structured notes that are priced at Fair Value are adjusted for credit risk by means of an own credit adjustment. Additionally, derivatives valued at fair value are adjusted for credit risk by a credit valuation adjustment. This CVA is of a bilateral nature; both the credit risks on the counterparty as well as on ING are included in the adjustment. All market data that is used in the determination of the CVA is based on market implied data. Additionally, wrong-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty increases and the credit quality of that counterparty decreases) and right way risk (when exposure to a counterparty decreases and the credit quality of that counterparty decreases) are included in the adjustment. ING also includes the CVA component in its pricing of the credit risk for new external trades with counterparties. Risk limits and controls are in place to monitor and anticipate CVA risk on a daily basis. The CVA is managed by global risk governance, where the risk limits and controls for CVA are managed and monitored on a global level. The approach of ING on CVA risk management is driven by increased control, cost efficiency and the global scope of CVA.

ING applies a Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA) to address the funding costs associated with the collateral funding asymmetry on uncollateralized or partially collateralized OTC derivatives in the portfolio. This adjustment is based on the expected exposure profiles of the uncollateralized or partially collateralized OTC derivatives and market-based funding spreads.

FI-FM Risk has the role to challenge the valuation and pricing sources used in the valuation models by Front Office. FI-FM Risk performs independent price verification to ensure that valuations are correct. The independent price verification and valuation adjustments are confirmed in the local parameter committee. To ensure segregation of duties between Front Office and FI-FM Risk, the systems for pricing and price testing are secured in order to prevent unauthorised access.

Risk measurement

ING uses a comprehensive set of methodologies and techniques to measure market risk in trading books: Value at Risk (VaR) and Stressed Value at Risk (SVaR), Incremental Risk Charge (IRC), and Event Risk (stress testing). Systematic validation processes are in place to validate the accuracy and internal consistency of data and parameters used for the internal models and modelling processes.

Basel Committee/CRD IV

ING follows the regulatory framework set out in the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR/CRD IV) for its regulatory capital calculations. The BCBS is performing a Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB), which may have a significant impact on the Pillar I calculations. In December 2017 the Governors and Heads of Supervision (GHOS) presented the final Basel 3 update package, in this package the new BCBS target date for implementation and start of reporting of FRTB is 1 January 2022.

Value at Risk

FI-FM Risk uses the historical simulation VaR methodology as its primary risk measure. The VaR for market risk quantifies, with a one-sided confidence level of 99%, the maximum overnight loss that could occur in the trading portfolio of ING due to changes in risk factors (e.g. interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads, implied volatilities) if positions remain unchanged for a time period of one day. Next to general market movements in these risk factors, VaR also takes into account market data movements for specific moves in e.g. the underlying issuer of securities. A single model that diversifies general and specific risk is used. In general a full revaluation approach is applied, only for a limited number of linear trading positions and a limited number of risk factors in commodity and equity risk classes a sensitivity-based approach is applied. The potential impact of historical market movements on today’s portfolio is estimated, based on equally weighted observed market movements of the previous year (260 days). When simulating potential movements in risk factors, depending on the risk factor type either an absolute or a relative shift is used. The data used in the computations is updated daily. ING uses VaR with a 1-day horizon for internal risk measurement, management control, and backtesting, and VaR with a 10-day horizon for determining regulatory capital. To compute VaR with a 10-day horizon the one day risk factor shifts are scaled by the square root of ten and then used as input for the revaluation. The same model is used for all legal entities within ING with market risk exposure in the trading portfolio.

Limitations

VaR has some limitations, such as the following: VaR uses historical data to forecast future price behaviour. Future price behaviour could differ substantially from past behaviour. Moreover, the use of a one-day holding period (or ten days for regulatory capital calculations) assumes that all positions in the portfolio can be liquidated or hedged in one day. In periods of illiquidity or market events, this assumption may not hold. Also, the use of 99% confidence level means that VaR does not take into account any losses that occur beyond this confidence level.

Backtesting

Backtesting is a technique for the ongoing monitoring of the plausibility of the VaR model in use. Although VaR models estimate potential future trading results, estimates are based on historical market data. In a backtest, the actual daily trading result (excluding fees and commissions) is compared with the 1-day VaR. In addition to using actual results for backtesting, ING also uses hypothetical results, which excludes the effect of intraday trading, fees, and commissions. When the actual or hypothetical loss exceeds the VaR, an ‘outlier’ occurs. Based on ING’s one-sided confidence level of 99%, an outlier is expected once in every 100 business days. In 2017 there were no occurrences where an actual or hypothetical daily trading loss exceeded the daily consolidated VaR of ING. ING reports the backtesting results on a quarterly basis to ECB.

Stressed VaR

The SVaR is intended to replicate a VaR calculation that would be generated on the bank’s current portfolio with inputs calibrated to the historical data from a continuous 12-month period of significant financial stress relevant to the bank’s portfolio. To calculate SVaR, ING uses the same model that is used for VaR with a 10-day horizon. The historical data period used currently includes the height of the credit crisis around the fall of Lehman Brothers, and is reviewed regularly. The historical data period is chosen so that it gives the worst scenario loss estimates for the current portfolio. The same SVaR model is used for management purposes and for regulatory purposes. The same model is used for all legal entities within ING with market risk exposure in the trading portfolio.

Incremental Risk Charge

The IRC for ING is an estimate of the default and migration risks for unsecuritised credit products in the trading book, over a one-year capital horizon, with a 99.9% confidence level. The same IRC model is used for all legal entities within ING with market risk exposure in the trading portfolio. Non-securitised trading positions of ING, which are subject to specific interest rate risk included in the internal model approach for market risk regulatory capital, are in scope of the IRC model. By model choice, equity is excluded from the model. For the calculation of IRC, ING performs a Monte-Carlo simulation based on a Gaussian copula model. The asset correlations used in the Gaussian copula model are determined using the IRB correlation formula. The rating change is simulated for all issuers over the different liquidity horizons (i.e. time required to liquidate the position or hedge all significant risks) within one year. Movements across different rating categories and probabilities of default are governed by a credit-ratings transition matrix. An external transition matrix is obtained from Standard & Poor’s (S&P). The financial impact is then determined for the simulated migration to default, or for the simulated migration to a different rating category, based on LGD or credit spread changes, respectively.

The liquidity horizon has been set to the regulatory minimum of three months for all positions in scope. ING reviews the liquidity horizons regularly based on a structured assessment of the time it takes to liquidate the positions in the trading portfolio.

ING periodically assesses the compliance of the IRC model with the regulatory requirements by performing gap analyses, substantiating the modelling choices, and quantifying the impact of alternative approaches.

Stress Testing and Event Risk

Stress Testing and Event Risk are valuable risk management tools. Event Risk evaluates the bank’s financial stability under severe but plausible stress scenarios and assists in decision-making aiming to maintain the bank being a financially healthy going-concern institution after a severe event occurs. In addition to the bank-wide stress test framework as described in the stress testing section, FI-FM Risk performs separate stressed scenario tests under Event Risk framework to monitor market risks under extreme market conditions. Since VaR in general does not produce an estimate of the potential losses that can occur as a result of extreme market movements, ING uses structured stressed scenario tests to calculate Event Risk for monitoring the market risk under these extreme conditions. Event Risk is based on historical as well as hypothetical extreme scenarios. The result is an estimate of the profit and loss caused by a potential event and its world-wide impact for ING. The Event Risk number for the ING trading activity is generated on a weekly basis. Like VaR, Event Risk is limited by ALCO Bank.

ING’s Event Risk policy is based on a large set of possible stress scenarios per risk type (fixed income, equity, foreign exchange, credit and related derivative markets). In stress scenarios, shocks are applied to prices (credit spreads, interest rates, equity, commodities, and fx rates) and volatilities. Depending on the type of stress test, additional scenario assumptions could be made, for example on correlations, dividends, or recovery rates. For example, for equity products both a crisis scenario (prices decrease) as well as a bull scenario (prices increase) are assumed. Scenarios are calculated based on events happening independently, jointly by region, or in all countries simultaneously. This way, for each risk type, a large set of scenarios is calculated. The worst scenarios per market are combined across markets by assessing both independent events per market, and worst events happening in all markets at the same time.

Other trading controls

VaR and Event Risk limits are the most important limits to control the trading portfolios. Additionally, limits have been set on SVaR and IRC. Furthermore, ING uses a variety of other controls to supplement these limits. Position and sensitivity limits are used to prevent large concentrations in specific issuers, sectors, or countries. In addition to this, other risk limits are set with respect to the activities in complex derivatives trading. The market risk of these products is controlled by product specific limits and constraints.

Risk profile

The following chart shows the development of the overnight VaR under a 99% confidence interval and a 1-day horizon versus actual and hypothetical daily trading profits and losses. In calculation of the hypothetical daily profit and loss, the trading position is kept constant and only the market movement is taken into account. The overnight VaR is presented for the ING trading portfolio from 2013 to 2017.

¹  CVA risk is not included in VaR. Reserves are not included in the P&L figures.

The risk figures in the table below only relate to the trading books for which the internal model approach is applied.

1d VaR for Internal Model Approach trading portfolios1
amounts in millions of euros	Minimum			Maximum			Average			Year end
		2017	2016		2017	2016		2017	2016		2017	2016
Interest rate		3	3		8	10		4	5		4	5
Equity and commodity		1	2		4	11		3	5		2	4
Foreign exchange		1	1		4	5		2	2		1	2
Credit spread		3	4		7	11		5	6		4	7
Diversification2								–7	–7		–6	–12
Total VaR		4	5		9	22		6	11		5	6

¹ CVA risk is not included in VaR.

² The total VaR for the columns Minimum and Maximum cannot be calculated by taking the sum of the individual components since the observations for both the individual markets as well as total VaR may occur on different dates.

In 2017, the average VaR was at a lower level compared to last year, as notable also in different risk types. Over these two years (2016-2017), the trading portfolios saw a decline in both the level and the volatility of 1-day VaR, thanks to the development of equity derivatives trading strategy and generally more positive market conditions.

EU MR3: Internal Model Approach values for trading portfolios
amounts in millions of euros		2017		2016
VaR (10 day 99%)
1	Maximum value		43		64
2	Average value		22		33
3	Minimum value		14		9
4	Period end		17		36
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%)
5	Maximum value		96		131
6	Average value		56		72
7	Minimum value		33		40
8	Period end		67		84
Incremental Risk Charge (99.9%)
9	Maximum value		158		292
10	Average value		114		207
11	Minimum value		78		120
12	Period end		78		120
Comprehensive Risk capital charge (99.9%)
13	Maximum value		n/a		n/a
14	Average value		n/a		n/a
15	Minimum value		n/a		n/a
16	Period end		n/a		n/a

Risk position changes were also reflected in the 10 day VaR and 10 day Stressed VaR statistics. Compared to 10 day VaR in 2016, in 2017 position changes led to lower maximum, average, and a lower 10 day VaR at year-end. Similar dynamics are observed in 10 day Stressed VaR. The overall decrease in IRC in 2017 was largely caused by decreased debt exposures to a number of sovereigns.

Regulatory Capital

According to the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR/CRD IV), regulatory capital (own funds requirements) for market risk can be calculated using the standardised approach or an internal model approach. ING received regulatory approval to use an internal model to determine the regulatory capital for the market risk in all trading books of ING. Market risk capital of trading books is calculated according to the CRR, using internal VaR, SVaR, and IRC models, where diversification is taken into account. Commodities risk in the banking books is calculated under Internal Model Approach. However, mismatches in foreign exchange risk from the banking books are calculated using Standardised Approach with fixed risk weights. ING does not have a Correlation Trading Portfolio or any other securitisations in the trading book.

Standardised Approach

EU MR1: Market risk under Standardised Approach
		2017				2016
amounts in EUR millions		RWA		Capital requirements		RWA		Capital requirements
Outright products
1	Interest rate risk (general and specific)
2	Equity risk (general and specific)
3	Foreign exchange risk		1,074		86		1,081		87
4	Commodity risk
Options
5	Simplified approach
6	Delta-plus method
7	Scenario approach
8	Securitization (specific risk)
9	Total		1,074		86		1,081		87

The market risk regulatory capital under Standardized Approach is fully driven by the foreign exchange risk in the banking books. The foreign exchange risk in the banking books in 2017 remained at comparative level to 2016.

Internal Model Approach

EU MR2-A: Market risk under Internal Model Approach

		2017				2016
amounts in EUR millions		RWA		Capital requirements		RWA		Capital requirements
1	VaR (higher of values a and b)		649		52		1,123		90
(a)	Previous day’s VaR (Article 365(1) (VaRt-1))		209		17		449		36
(b)	Average of the daily VaR (Article 365(1)) on each of the preceding sixty business days (VaRavg) x multiplication factor ((mc) in accordance with Article 366)		649		52		1,123		90
2	SVaR (higher of values a and b)		1,750		140		2,546		204
(a)	Latest SVaR (Article 365(2) (sVaRt-1))		842		67		1,054		84
(b)	Average of the SVaR (Article 365(2) during the preceding sixty business days (sVaRavg) x multiplication factor (ms) (Article 366)		1,750		140		2,546		204
3	Incremental risk charge -IRC (higher of values a and b)		1,205		96		1,910		153
(a)	Most recent IRC value (incremental default and migration risks section 3 calculated in accordance with Section 3 articles 370/371)		981		78		1,500		120
(b)	Average of the IRC number over the preceding 12 weeks		1,205		96		1,910		153
4	Comprehensive Risk Measure – CRM (higher of values a, b and c)
(a)	Most recent risk number for the correlation trading portfolio (article 377)
(b)	Average of the risk number for the correlation trading portfolio over the preceding 12- weeks
(c)	8 % of the own funds requirement in SA on most recent risk number for the correlation trading portfolio (Article 338(4))
5	Total		3,604		288		5,579		446

The decrease in market risk regulatory capital for trading as of 2017 is mainly due to a decrease in exposures to sovereign issuers and as a result of a decrease in IRC, and a change in risk positions during 2017 that resulted in decreases in VaR and SVaR. The main changes in risk positions throughout the year were in trading books within credit and interest rate asset classes, including CVA hedge portfolio. The CVA hedges are capitalized under market risk framework, while CVA is capitalized under credit risk framework according to Basel rules.

Sensitivities

As part of the risk monitoring framework, FI-FM Risk actively monitors the daily changes of sensitivities of the trading portfolios. Sensitivities measure the impact of movements in individual market risk factors (foreign exchange rates, interest rates, credit spreads, equity, and commodity prices) on profit and loss results of the trading positions and portfolios.

The following tables show the five largest trading foreign exchange positions, and interest rate and credit spread sensitivities. The credit spread sensitivities are furthermore split in different risk classes and sectors. Due to the nature of the trading portfolios, positions change from day to day.

Most important foreign exchange year-end trading positions
amounts in EUR millions	2017			2016
Foreign exchange			Foreign exchange
US Dollar		–45	US Dollar		201
Polish Zloty		28	Romanian New Leu		45
South Korean Won		26	Chinese Yuan		–40
Japanese Yen		–21	South Korean Won		–22
Taiwan New Dollar		21	Czech Koruna		21
Most important interest rate and credit spread sensitivities at year–end
amounts in EUR thousands	2017			2016
Interest Rate (BPV1)			Interest Rate (BPV1)
US Dollar		141	Euro		–119
Russian Ruble		–66	South Korean Won		–44
Japanese Yen		61	Polish Zloty		–32
Taiwan New Dollar		52	Indian Rupee		–23
Polish Zloty		47	Romanian New Leu		22
Credit Spread (CSO12)			Credit Spread (CSO12)
United States		341	United States		333
Supranational		–92	Germany		173
India		–78	Belgium		74
France		63	India		–38
Netherlands		–60	Poland		–38

1 Basis Point Value (BPV) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in interest rates. The figures include commodity risk in banking books.

2 Credit Spread Sensitivity (CS01) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in credit spreads. Exposures to supranational institutions are not assigned to a specific country.

Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end
		2017				2016
amounts in EUR thousands		Corporate		Financial Institutions		Corporate		Financial Institutions
Credit Spread (CSO11)
Risk classes
1	(AAA)		–20		–233		–3		–48
2–4	(AA)		–5		–53		–21		26
5–7	(A)		–83		–87		13		–9
8–10	(BBB)		–127		–151		–126		–154
11–13	(BB)		–78		–90		–104		–88
14–16	(B)		–14		–2		0		–9
17–22	(CCC and NPL)		–4		–1		–1		–2
Not rated			0		0		1		1
Total			–331		–618		–241		–283

1 Credit Spread Sensitivity (CS01) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in credit spreads.

Funding and liquidity risk

Introduction

Funding and liquidity risk is the risk that ING Group or one of its subsidiaries cannot meet its financial liabilities when they come due, at reasonable cost and in a timely manner. ING incorporates funding and liquidity management in its business strategy, applying a funding and liquidity risk framework in order to manage such risks within pre-defined limits. The main objective of ING’s funding and liquidity risk management is to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure safe and sound operations under normal market circumstances and in times of stress.

Governance

Within ING, the EB and MBB, staff departments from the CRO and CFO domain, Capital Management and Bank Treasury have oversight of and are responsible for managing funding and liquidity risk.

Liquidity risk management within ING falls under the supervision of the ALCO function, which determines the liquidity risk (limit) framework and appetite after which this is cascaded down in the organisation. ING’s liquidity risk framework is based on the three lines of defence concept, whereby risk principles are implemented, monitored and controlled in conjunction with both first and second line functions within the bank.

Bank Treasury and Capital Management are 1st line of defence functions and its main funding and liquidity responsibilities are to manage ING’s (regulatory) liquidity and funding position. Bank Treasury together with Capital Management are ING’s primary contacts to the market for long and short term funding. In November 2017, it was approved to merge Bank Treasury and Capital Management into a new department named Group Treasury. This merge is expected to be completed by June 2018.

The 2nd line Financial Risk function is responsible for defining the governance with regard to funding and liquidity management and sets the standards for the funding and liquidity risk approach (identify, assess, control, monitor and report). Furthermore, it determines adequate policies and procedures for managing and monitoring liquidity risk and it checks compliance with guidelines and limits.

Funding & Liquidity Management Framework

The liquidity buffer ING holds is part of the counterbalancing capacity, i.e. the total of available sources and measures within ING to generate liquidity (including also limiting professional lending), and serves as a cushion for liquidity needs under normal and stressed conditions.

The size and composition of the Liquidity buffer depends on ING’s risk appetite and regulatory liquidity standards. In the buffer, only assets are included that are ‘unencumbered’ and freely available for liquidity purposes. Bank Treasury ensures functional management of all liquidity buffers within ING, both buffers at ING level and buffers at local business unit level.

The liquidity buffer is held as an insurance against a range of stress scenarios, covering the additional need for liquidity that may arise over a defined short period of time under stress conditions.

Stress testing allows ING to examine the effect of exceptional but plausible future events on the liquidity position of the bank and provides insight into which entities, business lines or portfolios are vulnerable to which type of risks and/or in which type of scenarios. In line with SREP and EBA guidance, ING’s liquidity position is stress tested on a monthly basis under a particular scenario that is a mix between a market event and an ING specific event. The outcomes of stress tests are evaluated and provide input to any follow-up on the need for additional contingency measures.

ING also monitors an internal net liquidity position metric, which is reported on a consolidated (bank) level for the main entities and split in euro and US Dollar. On a monthly basis ING reports the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and an internally defined stress scenario related to a specific time-to-survive period. Additionally, on a quarterly basis, ING reports a number of internally defined stress scenarios related to specific time-to-survive periods as well as the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) which is reported based on EBA guidance.

Overall, (reverse) stress testing is an integral part of the liquidity and funding risk management framework and also serves as input for the contingency funding plan and risk appetite statements.

In the contingency funding plan, contingency liquidity risk is addressed which specifically relates to the organisation and planning of liquidity management in time of stress. The contingency funding plans are developed in line with the ING Recovery Plan and are tested on a regular basis, both centrally and at business unit level.

Liquidity risk appetite

ING Group’s liquidity risk appetite expresses the level of liquidity risk ING is willing to take in pursuit of its strategic objectives. The Liquidity Risk Appetite Statements (RAS) are aligned with the ING strategy and are allocated to the ING entities by way of limits. Where relevant the RAS are cascaded down to specific regional and local levels.

ING has defined the following funding and liquidity risk management risk appetite statements:

• Home/host regulatory liquidity limits must be pro-actively complied with;

• The time-to-survive in a funding stress situation must extend over defined period, depending on the level of stress applied;

• Funding of longer-term assets and investments must be done by stable and longer-term liabilities;

• Geographical dependencies with respect to intra-group funding are to be limited; and

• Diversification must be in place of funding profile, across funds providers, instrument types, geographic markets, tenors and currencies.

Funding and Liquidity approach

ING Group takes an integrated approach to assessing the adequacy of its funding and liquidity position in relation to its balance sheet profile and its operating environment, whilst taking into account the interests of its various stakeholders.

The starting point for ING Group’s assessment of the adequacy of its liquidity position is the overall business strategy and the risk appetite i.e. the level of financial risk ING Group is willing to accept for growth and value creation, while maintaining a sound balance sheet. Other relevant factors are developments in the business environment and corresponding business opportunities and risk exposures as well as developments in the (future) regulatory framework. For example: ING Group takes into account the developments in applicable regulatory and accounting standards and the setting of MREL/TLAC requirements.

ING Group distinguishes several key drivers of – future – liquidity and funding needs:

• The boundaries set by current and future regulatory requirements (EUR and USD);

• The boundaries set by risk appetite statements (EUR and USD);

• The findings from various stress tests;

• The boundaries regarding the distribution and transferability of liquidity; and

• Any funding/refinancing needs.

Based on all these perspectives ING Group assesses the current and future adequacy of its liquidity position and, if deemed necessary, takes steps to further improve the position. Aim is to ensure that ING Group has sufficient counterbalancing capacity.

Funding sources

In 2017, ING had readily access to a large variety of funding sources, both short term and long term. In the table below, the various funding sources are presented in the funding mix:

ING Bank Funding Mix
	2017			2016
Funding type
Retail deposits		51	%		51	%
Corporate & other deposits		22	%		21	%
Interbank (incl. central bank)		5	%		5	%
Lending/repurchase agreement		6	%		5	%
Public debt		14	%		16	%
Subordinated debt		2	%		2	%
Total		100	%		100	%

The funding mix remained well diversified. Retail deposits remained ING’s primary sources of funds and remained stable at 51% of the total funding mix per year end 2017. The Loan-to-Deposit ratio (excluding securities at amortised costs) remained stable at 1.05 per year end 2017.

Non-Financial Risk

Introduction

The Non-Financial Risk (NFR) function encompasses the Operational Risk, Information Risk, Corporate Security & Investigations and Compliance Risk management functions. Risk controls for these functional areas have been implemented by means of policies and minimum standards which apply to ING’s business processes in the divisions. There is an infrastructure in place enabling management to track events and non-financial risk issues. ING has a system of internal controls, that is reviewed and updated periodically and as necessary. ING’s goal is to create an environment of continuous improvement in managing non-financial risks.

ING believes that an effective control environment is essential to build and maintain sustainable businesses, and preserves and enhances the trust of its customers, employees and shareholders. The Orange Code sets the foundation for the high ethical standards ING expects from all its employees, business activities and partners. The Orange Code is a manifesto that describes our way of working. It is comprised of ING Values, requiring all staff to act with integrity, whilst being honest, prudent and responsible—and the ING Behaviours—our way of being that makes us different from the rest.

Governance

The Head of Corporate Operational Risk Management (CORM), Corporate Information Risk Management (CIRM), Corporate Security & Investigations (CSI) and Corporate Compliance Risk Management (CCRM) report to the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO)/Head of Non-Financial Risk (NFR) and are jointly responsible for developing the framework of non-financial risk policies and standards within ING and for monitoring the adherence to and quality of non-financial risk management in the business.

The Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) is the Head of the Compliance Risk Management function. This is an independent function responsible for developing and establishing the Bank-wide policies and minimum standards for managing compliance risks. The CCO assists and supports the EB and MBB in managing ING’s compliance risks and control framework. The CCO is a permanent participant of the Risk Committee of the Supervisory Board and meets regularly with its Chairman.

Non-Financial Risk Committees (NFRCs) and Management Teams (MTs) manage, measure and monitor operational, information and compliance risks. The Bank NFRC is the primary approval and oversight committee for non-financial risk matters. Additionally NFRCs exist at Division and/or Entity level providing input to the Bank NFRC. They are chaired by the first line of defence with the purpose to steer the risk management activities of the first and second lines of defence in their scope. Non-financial risk topics are an integral part of the agenda of regular MTs at various levels in the organisation.

The NFR function uses a layered functional approach within divisions to support a systematic and consistent implementation of the framework of policies and minimum standards within ING. To avoid potential conflicts of interests, it is imperative that staff in this function are independent and objective when advising business management on non-financial risk matters in their business unit or business line. To facilitate this, a functional reporting line to the next higher level within Operational Risk Management (ORM), Information Risk Management (IRM) and Compliance is in place. The functional reporting line has clear accountabilities with regard to objectives setting, remuneration, performance management and appointment of new staff as well as obligations to veto and escalate.

Framework

Non-financial risk is the risk of financial loss, legal or regulatory sanctions, or reputational damage due to inadequate or failing internal processes, people and systems; a failure to comply with laws, regulations and standards; or external events. ING has a framework for non-financial risks that supports and governs the process of identifying, measuring, mitigating, monitoring and reporting non-financial risks. It reflects the stages described in the Enterprise Risk Management model of COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission).

Processes aims at identifying key threats, vulnerabilities and the associated risks which might cause adverse events. Event identification is performed and precedes a risk assessment. Different techniques for event identification exist within ING, e.g. Risk & Control Self-Assessments, scenario analysis, external events inventories, internal events analyses (e.g. lessons learned based on information from event reporting), business environment assessment and monitoring .

Risk & Control Self-Assessment

Identification and assessment (RCSA) of non-financial risks inherent to ING products, activities, people, processes and systems provide management with an understanding of the operational risk profile. Based on the identification and assessment, internal controls are designed for mitigation of risks to remain within the risk appetite.

Business Environment Assessment

The Business Environment Assessment (BEA) assesses internal control factors and external factors that could influence the internal and external operating environment in the future, and which may lead to unacceptable operational risk exposure and endanger achieving our strategic objectives.

Scenario analysis

Scenario analysis is a process used to consider the impact of rare, significant, yet plausible future events, taking into consideration alternative possible outcomes for those events, their severity and frequency. Input for scenario analysis includes the results of various internal and external assessments such as the BEA. Scenario analysis is an important component in the calculation of operational risk capital.

Internal events analyses

Analysis of internal non-financial loss data assists in identifying, quantifying, mitigating and monitoring operational risk exposure. It provides insight into causes and effectiveness of associated controls. Supporting the creation and sharing of Lessons Learned for significant internal events is one of the means by which NFR enhances the internal control framework of ING.

External events inventories

External non-financial loss data provides valuable information about the losses experienced by other businesses, and assists ING to quantify its exposure to risk events that have not been experienced internally.

Business units and departments perform regular monitoring activities, BEAs and Risk & Control Self-Assessments (RCSAs) to identify and assess risks. These are conducted with involvement of the business and their ORM, IRM, Compliance and/or Legal departments. Based on the results of the risk assessment, response measures must be determined for the identified risks beyond the risk appetite.

Risk response can be achieved through several combinations of mitigation strategies, for example reducing likelihood of occurrence, reducing impact, risk avoidance, risk acceptance or through the transfer of risk. Tracking takes place through ING’s central risk management system.

The risk appetite (defined as the acceptable and authorised maximum level of risk) is set by the Supervisory Board based on a proposal made by the Bank NFRC and approved by the EB and MBB. Adherence to this risk appetite is monitored quarterly through the NFR Dashboard which reports the key non-financial risk exposures. The NFR Dashboard provides management at country, divisional and bank level with an overview of key risks within the non-financial risk areas including compliance risks, information security risks, continuity risks, control & processing risks, fraud, unauthorised activities risks, and personal and physical security risks, enabling management to focus and set priorities.

The yearly objective setting process for both business management and NFR professionals aims to keep improving the management of non-financial risk throughout ING to safeguard that ING stays in control of its current and future non-financial risks.

The Non-Financial Risk (NFR) reporting deliverables consist primarily of the quarterly Non-Financial Risk Dashboard (NFRD) report and a monthly NFRD booklet. The iRisk tool (Governance, Risk & Compliance solution) serves as the single source of truth for NFR information and supports the three lines of Defence in their Risk Management and Reporting activities.

Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA)

ING has an Operational Risk Capital model in place in which the risk profile is closely tailored to its internal risk profile and its divisions, by using scenario data for capturing severe unlikely risks and internal loss and RCSA data for capturing day-to-day risks. The business has a leading role in assessing scenario severities, with the ORM function validating and challenging the results. The internal data are combined with external loss data (ORX) in the AMA capital calculation. Since April 2013, ING is allowed to use its AMA model for regulatory supervision purposes. ING reports the regulatory capital numbers on a quarterly basis. The AMA capital requirement per the end of 2017 amounts to EUR 3,207 million, compared to EUR 3,242 million per 2016 year-end.

Risk mitigations

ING is currently not using any insurance or risk transfer mechanisms for the mitigation of risk in the context of the AMA capital calculation.

Operational risk

Definition

Operational risk is defined as the risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events.

Risk categories

ING categorises operational risks in a number of risk areas:

• Information (Technology) risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to breaches of confidentiality, integrity or availability within business processes or information or lack of information quality;

• Continuity risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to business disruptions (loss of people, processes, systems, data, premises);

• Control and processing risk are the risks of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to ineffective organisation structures and governance procedures (including unclear roles and responsibilities and inadequate reporting structure), failed (transaction) processing (input, execution, output) or failing process management; monitoring and enforcement of risk mitigating measures; and risk culture;

• Internal fraud risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to deliberate abuse of procedures, systems, assets, products and/or services of ING by employees (incl. temporary workers, third party contractors, internships and consultants) who intend to deceitfully or unlawfully benefit themselves or others;

• External fraud risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to deliberate abuse of procedures, systems, assets, products and/or services of ING by external parties (clients, potential clients or other third parties, including vendors and outside agencies) who intend to deceitfully or unlawfully benefit themselves or others;

• Unauthorised activity risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to employees performing outside the normal course of their business, intentionally giving unauthorised approvals or overstepping of their authority;

• Personal and physical security risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to criminal and environmental threats that might endanger the security or safety of ING personnel at work, people in ING locations, ING assets or assets entrusted to ING, people at ING event locations, or might have an impact on ING organisation’s confidentiality, integrity or availability; and

• Employment practice risk is the risk of financial loss, regulatory sanctions or reputational damage due to acts inconsistent with employment, health and/or safety laws, regulations or agreements, from payment of personal injury claims, or from diversity /discrimination events.

Operational risk includes the related risk of reputation loss, as well as legal risk; strategic risks are not included. Reputational risk is defined as the possibility that adverse publicity regarding ING’s business practices and associations, whether accurate or not, will cause a loss of confidence in the integrity of ING. Reputational risk is multidimensional and reflects the perception of other market participants, like customers, counterparties, shareholders, investors or regulators that can adversely affect ING’s ability to maintain existing, or establish new, business relationships and continued access to sources of funding (e.g. through the interbank or securitisation markets).

Legal risk is defined as the risk related to (i) a failure (or perceived failure) to adhere to applicable laws, regulations and standards, (ii) contractual liabilities or contractual obligations that are defaulted or cannot be enforced as intended, or are enforced in an unexpected or adverse way, and (iii) liability (tort) towards third parties due to an act or omission contributable to ING (potentially) resulting in impairment of ING’s integrity, leading to damage to ING’s reputation, legal or regulatory sanctions, or financial loss.

Given the heavy reliance on IT systems in financial institutions, controls that monitor the various aspects of IT risk, such as integrity and confidentiality, are embedded in ING’s risk and control framework.

Main developments in 2017

Internal and external fraud

The risk of clients and ING staff being targeted by fraudsters using social engineering techniques to execute payments is still increasing and CxO impersonation fraud (criminals investigate the senior management structure of an organisation and target key positions) and invoice fraud remain significant threats. Efforts are undertaken to mitigate the risk such as creating awareness for customers and staff, and sharing of lessons learned across ING. ING stringently monitors both this type of fraud and new emerging fraud methodologies. In addition, ING is increasingly using innovative methods such as big data analytics to further strengthen its fraud resilience.

ING continues working on strengthening its global fraud resilience and to strengthen its control environment as fraudsters turn their interest to the end-user. Combining automated fraud detection tools that can be used for monitoring or early detection of fraudulent incoming and outgoing payments remains important in fraud prevention. These are used to further enhance an effective set of organisational controls.

Cybercrime

Cybercrime remains a continuous threat to companies in general and to financial institutions specifically. Both the frequency and the intensity of attacks increase on a global scale.

Particularly threats from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), targeted attacks (also called Advanced Persistent Threats) and

Ransomware intensify worldwide. ING builds on its cybercrime resilience, further enhancing the control environment to protect, detect and respond to e-banking fraud, DDoS and targeted attacks. Additional controls continue to be embedded in the organisation as part of the overall internal control framework and are regularly re-assessed against existing and new threats.

ING also works on strengthening its global cybercrime resilience including strong collaboration against cybercrime with the financial industry, law enforcement authorities, government (e.g. National Cyber Security Center) and Internet Service Providers (ISPs).

User Access Management (UAM)

User Access Management (UAM) is an important element of our control framework to mitigate unauthorized and / or inappropriate access to our data and information. The standards of controls on UAM are high and best practices illustrate that the trends are towards further increasing requirements, resulting in a updated set of UAM requirements in 2017. We have started compliance testing and identified control deficiencies related to UAM at an early stage in 2017. A dedicated central UAM team coordinated, assessed, monitored and tracked remediation efforts that resulted in early response and early mitigation of deficiencies due to increased focus by the MBB, senior management and ING staff. These ongoing global initiatives resulted in a significant improvement in 2017. In 2018, management continue to enhance the internal controls, mitigation and monitoring the progress of mitigation and remediation.

Compliance risk

Definition

Compliance risk is defined as the risk of impairment of ING’s integrity, leading to damage to ING’s reputation, legal or regulatory sanctions, or financial loss, due to a failure (or perceived failure) to comply with applicable laws, regulations and standards and the ING Values as part of the Orange Code. We aim to effectively manage compliance risks that could expose ING to reputational damage, fines, civil and criminal penalties, payment of damages, court orders and suspension or revocation of licenses that would adversely impact our customers, staff, shareholders and other stakeholders.

The Compliance Risk Management function established a compliance control framework in which controls are defined based on laws, regulations and standards that are part of the internal control framework of ING applicable to non-financial risks. To support management in mitigating compliance risks, the Bank Compliance Risk Management function trains and advices the business in

managing compliance risks related to e.g. money laundering, terrorist financing, sanction and export control compliance, conflicts of interests, misselling, corruption and protection of customers’ interests, Financial Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), Common Reporting Standard (CRS), and US withholding tax and information reporting regulations.

Risk categories

ING categorises compliance risk into four conduct-related integrity risk areas:

• Client conduct refers to the compliance risks arising from the relationship with or generated by the conduct of our clients and/or business partners, like money laundering or terrorist financing. Those risks are generally defined within ING as Financial Economic Crimes (“FEC”). Furthermore, Client conduct refers to the compliance risks relating to FATCA, CRS, and US withholding tax and information reporting regulations;

• Personal conduct refers to the compliance risks arising from the conduct of ING employees;

• Financial Services conduct refers to the compliance risks arising from or generated by the conduct of ING when developing, marketing and/or selling products and services to its clients; and

• Organisational conduct refers to the compliance risks arising from the way the Bank is organising itself to develop its activities. This category covers for instance the licences required to perform its regulated banking activities or the operating effectiveness of its information barriers.

Controls aiming to mitigate the compliance risks associated with the above mentioned risk areas are designed and applied to the day-to-day processes in the bank. The effectiveness of the controls is tested periodically, and senior management has responsibility that their processes are compliant with applicable laws and regulations, ING’s internal policies and the Orange Code.

In cases where an employee of ING suspects an actual or suspected irregularity or misconduct within ING that leads or could lead to a violation of ING Orange Code, any ING policy and/or any law, regulation or code, this can be reported anonymously in     line with the Whistle-blower Policy, via internal or external channels next to normal reporting channels.

Financial Economic Crime (FEC) Policy and Minimum Standards

The FEC Policy and Minimum Standards reflect relevant national and international laws, regulations and industry standards. The FEC Policy is mandatory and applies to all ING entities, majority owned ING business, businesses under management control, staff departments, product lines and to all client engagements and transactions.

Management of ING entities maintain local procedures aiming at enabling them to comply with local laws, regulations and the FEC Policy and Minimum Standards. Where local laws and regulations are more stringent, the local laws and regulations are applied. Likewise the FEC Policy and Minimum Standards prevail when the standards therein are stricter than stipulated in local laws and regulations and if not specifically forbidden.

The FEC Policy and Minimum Standards set the requirements for all ING entities to guard against any involvement in criminal activity. The requirements in the FEC Policy cover minimum standards and controls related to: money laundering, terrorist financing, export trade controls, proliferation financing, sanctions (economic, financial and trade) and countries designated by ING as Ultra High Risk Countries (UHRC).

As a result of frequent evaluation of the businesses from economic, strategic and risk perspective ING continues to believe that for business reasons doing business involving certain specified countries should be discontinued. In that respect, ING has a policy not to enter into new relationships with clients from these countries and processes remain in place to discontinue existing relationships involving these countries. At present these countries are Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria. Each of these countries is subject to EU and/or US sanctions regimes. Iran, Sudan, and Syria are identified by the US as state sponsors of terrorism and are subject to US economic sanctions and export controls.

Also in 2017, the Ukraine-related sanctions as imposed earlier by both the US (including further extensions of the scope have been imposed by the US) and the EU remained in force. Those sanctions restrict amongst others the dealing in specific (financial) products with certain named parties. Management of ING entities use their existing control framework to remain compliant. Newly imposed sanctions on Venezuela also include restrictions on financing Venezuelan government owned entities.

Main developments in 2017

Regulatory developments

Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is resource-intensive. Banks continue to be faced with new and increasingly onerous regulatory requirements, and we expect the scope and extent of regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate to generally increase further.

Regulation is becoming increasingly more extensive and complex. A recent example is the implementation of the Common Reporting Standard (CRS), which like FATCA requires financial institutions to report detailed client-related information to the competent authorities. Customer due diligence (CDD) and transaction monitoring impose obligations on financial institutions to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering , terrorist financing, and fraud.

Despite our efforts to comply with applicable laws and regulations, there are a number of risks in areas where applicable regulations are unclear, subject to multiple interpretations or under development, are in conflict with each other, or where regulators revise their guidance or courts set new legal standards. Meeting all these requirements within the strict timelines that are set poses a significant operational challenge for banks. Implementing the necessary processes and procedures to effectively comply has significant implications for IT systems and data, while people who have the necessary knowledge and skills are scarce.

4th AML Directive

The 4th AML Directive, as issued by the European Union, has been incorporated into the update of the ING Financial Economic Crime Policy and Minimum Standards. The main changes in this Directive (compared to the 3rd AML Directive) are related to: the establishment of an Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO) register (at national level with the potential to share the information within the European Economic Area (EEA)) and a stronger approach towards the application of due diligence on ING’s customers. The implementation date of the Directive was 26 June 2017. The implementation of the directive into Dutch law was expected in July 2017, but has been delayed, probably until early 2018. ING started to implement several KYC enhancements in 2017.

On 5 July 2016 the European Commission presented a new proposal for a Directive amending the 4th AML Directive (so called 5th AML Directive). The aim of the proposal is to tackle new means of terrorist financing, increase transparency to combat money laundering and help strengthen the fight against tax avoidance. On 8 June 2017, the EU Council adopted its position on the proposed Directive. The Council and the Parliament will enter into negotiations on the final text as soon as the latter has decided on its position.

In addition, the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) issued their final Guidelines on risk factors on 26 June 2017, which will become applicable by 26 June 2018. These Guidelines promote a common understanding of the risk-based approach to AML/CFT and set out how it should be applied in the context of the 4th EU AML Directive. Furthermore, on 22 September 2017 the ESAs also issued their final Guidelines to prevent the abuse of funds transfers for terrorist financing and money laundering purposes. These guidelines will apply from six months after the date on which they are issued.

A bank-wide programme has been launched in the area of Know Your Customer (KYC). Its objective is twofold : (i) to enhance the information the bank is required to maintain about its clients, in line with the additional requirements stemming from the 4th Anti-Money Laundering directive, and (ii) to address the areas for improvement that have been identified about the effectiveness of the control framework applicable to the Financial Economic Crime domain, especially with respect to its Client Activity Monitoring capabilities and the integrated risk profiles of the clients. The programme aims to develop solutions of a structural nature to support a compliant-by-design approach. Other client-related policies are in scope of the KYC programme (e.g. FATCA, CRS). The programme is expected to run till end of 2020. With respect to specific proceedings, see Note 45 ‘Legal proceedings’ to the consolidated annual accounts.

Financial Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA)

Under provisions of US tax law commonly referred to as FATCA, non-US financial institutions are required to provide certain information on their US account holders and/or certain U.S. investors to the US Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). A 30% withholding tax will be imposed on ‘withholdable payments’ made to non-compliant non-US financial institutions. The Group intends to take all necessary steps to comply with FATCA and other US withholding tax regulations. ING is for example updating and strengthening its withholding compliance programme and reviewing, amending and filing the necessary tax returns and information reports.

Many countries, including the Netherlands, have entered into agreements (‘intergovernmental agreements’ or ‘IGAs’) with the US to facilitate the type of information reporting required under FATCA. While the existence of IGAs will not eliminate the risk of the withholding described above, these agreements are expected to reduce that risk for financial institutions and investors in countries that have entered into IGAs. IGAs often require financial institutions in those countries to report information on their US account holders to the taxing authorities of those countries, who then passes the information to the IRS.

If the Group cannot rely on IGA or satisfy the requirements, certain payments to the Group may be subject to withholding under FATCA. Certain payments may also be subject to other US withholding tax regulations. The possibility of such withholding and the need for account holders and investors to provide certain information may adversely affect the sales of certain of the Group’s products. In addition, compliance with the terms of such IGAs and with FATCA, any regulations or other guidance promulgated thereunder, or any legislation promulgated under an IGA, and offering products that generate ‘withholdable payments’, may substantially increase the Group’s compliance costs. Failure to comply with FATCA and other US withholding tax regulations could harm our reputation and could subject the Group to enforcement actions, fines and penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, revenues, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

In 2017, FATCA Policy ownership (including advisory and monitoring) transferred from Corporate Tax to Corporate Compliance. Also in 2017, ING issued a new, comprehensive policy which addresses the compliance requirements for withholding US taxes from our customers, remitting the tax to the US Internal Revenue Service (‘IRS’), and annually providing our customers and the IRS with summary reports of payments made and taxes withheld.

Common Reporting Standard (CRS)

Similarly, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (‘OECD’) has developed a Common Reporting Standard (‘CRS’) and model competent authority agreement to enable the multilateral and automatic exchange of financial account information. CRS requires financial institutions to identify and report the tax residency and account details of non-resident customers to the relevant authorities in jurisdictions adhering to CRS. As 10 November 2017, 96 jurisdictions (‘signatory countries’), including the Netherlands, have signed a multilateral competent authority agreement to automatically exchange information pursuant to CRS. The majority of countries where ING has a presence have committed to CRS. The EU has made CRS mandatory for all its member states. The first information exchange by the Netherlands (as for approximately half of the signatory countries) was executed in 2017. Other signatory countries commence their information exchange in 2018.

Non-Financial Risk Awareness & Learning

Promoting Integrity Programme

The Promoting Integrity Programme was started in 2010 and is a programme consisting of e-learning modules on key bank-wide topics that can be followed-up with dialogue sessions in which managers discuss the issues raised with their teams. The programme is sponsored by board members and senior managers and is created for the benefit of every employee in every part of ING to enhance the understanding of how their actions and behaviour can help earn and retain customer and stakeholder trust. In 2017, Integrity led behaviour was addressed by means of the mandatory PIP e-learning ‘ING Values: Integrity in practice’ which was rolled out globally.

Compliance Forum ING

In 2017, Compliance Risk Management developed a Compliance Forum for Compliance Officers within ING worldwide. This forum is about building expertise and sharing experience. The focus is on regulatory developments, innovation and the future of compliance – what compliance officers can do to Think Forward. Participants are engaged in lively discussions on current topics, take part in workshops and plenary sessions to experience and develop the new ways of working within ING. Participants can connect with colleagues from across the globe and share knowledge and views on the compliance function of the future. Part of the Compliance community was trained in 2017 and in 2018 the remainder will be trained.

Compliance Risk Culture Monitoring

The Compliance Risk Management function enhanced its control framework by assessing the operation of soft controls in relation to compliance risks in addition to hard controls. The aim of Compliance Risk Culture Monitoring is to assess the risks that might influence the conduct and risk culture, promoting the individual integrity of the employees and enhancing the overall culture that is led by integrity.

Business Risk

Introduction

Business Risk for ING has been defined as the exposure to value loss due to fluctuations in volumes/margins as well as expenses. It is the risk inherent to strategy decisions and internal efficiency. Business risk capital is calculated via the variance-covariance methodology for expense risk, covering the risk that expenses will deviate from the expected expenses over the horizon of the relevant activities. This risk primarily relates to the (in)flexibility to adjust expenses, when that is needed. Expense risk only concerns non-financial expenses (e.g. staff and IT expenses); financial expenses are not in scope.

Governance and risk management

The governance and management of Business Risk differs from the risk types that have been described in the sections before. In the course of 2017 ING has developed explicit risk appetite statements regarding business risk, focusing on earnings stability and diversification of the business mix, as avoiding to put all eggs in one basket reduces the risk that volumes and/or margins will suddenly drop due to unexpected changes in the business environment for certain markets and products. Furthermore, the underlying risk types (expense risk and volume-margin risk) are also mitigated and managed in a different way. Expense risk is monitored and managed via the financial performance of the bank and the local units, whereby the reported expense numbers are compared on a quarterly basis with the 2020 Ambition of having a cost/income ratio between 50% and 52%. Deviations from this ambition are monitored as part of the financial projections that are discussed continuously within different parts of the organisation.

XML

Capital management section

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Capital management section

2.2.2 Capital management section

Objectives

ING Group Capital Management (Capital Management) is responsible for the adequate capitalisation given regulatory constraints of ING Group and ING Bank entities at all times in order to manage the risk associated with ING’s business activities. This involves not only the management, planning and allocation of capital within ING Group, ING Bank and its various entities, but also the necessary capital market transactions, term (capital) funding and risk management transactions. ING takes an integrated approach to assess the adequacy of its capital position in relation to its risk profile and its operating environment. This implies taking into account the interests of its various stakeholders. Capital Management takes into account the metrics and requirements of regulators, rating agencies and internal risk based boundaries such as defined in the Risk Appetite Framework.

ING applies the following main capital definitions:

• Common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital – Common equity Tier 1 capital is defined as shareholders’ equity less regulatory adjustments. Common equity Tier 1 capital including Additional Tier 1 (hybrid) securities and other regulatory adjustments is defined as Tier 1 capital. Total Capital is Tier 1 capital including subordinated Tier 2 liabilities and regulatory adjustments. Common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total capital divided by risk-weighted assets equal the Common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios respectively. Common equity Tier 1 capital is equal to Tier 1 capital excluding Additional Tier 1 (hybrid) capital;

• Common equity Tier 1 Risk Appetite – the solvency risk appetite statement is not only compared to the actual reported level, but also includes the potential impact of a standardised and deterministic 1-in-10-year stress event (i.e. at a 90% confidence level with a 1-year horizon) as described in the Risk Management section;

• Overall Capital Requirement (OCR). The OCR means that ING’s own funds exceeds the sum of the total SREP capital requirement (wherein per risk type the maximum is taken of Regulatory and Economic Capital requirements), capital buffer requirements and macro-prudential requirements.

Developments

The capital position further strengthened in 2017 reflecting strong profitability based on core lending growth but with a lower risk weight and complemented with further optimisation of the capital structure. At both consolidated and entity level, ING has sufficient buffers to withstand certain adverse scenarios without breaching currently applicable and possible future requirements.

In 2017, a total of USD 2.1 billion grandfathered additional Tier 1 instruments were redeemed. ING Groep NV did not issue additional Tier 1 instruments during the year. In 2017, EUR 1.0 billion ING Bank Tier 2 bonds were exchanged for ING Group Tier 2 notes at similar terms. In addition, ING Groep NV issued EUR 1.8 billion of Tier 2 bonds and EUR 0.4 billion of Tier 2 private placements in Japanese Yen and USD.

To support orderly resolution, ING is required to meet minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL). In addition, ING as a Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) needs to comply with the total loss absorption capacity (TLAC) proposal published by the Financial Stability Board (FSB) in November 2015. The TLAC standard is being incorporated in the proposed Capital Requirements Directive and Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive revision. This legislation is not yet finalised. To improve the loss absorbing capacity for TLAC/MREL regulations ING Groep NV issued EUR 5.6 billion of senior HoldCo debt in 2017.

The transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 requirement that ING Group had to meet on a consolidated basis was set at 9.02% in 2017. This requirement is the sum of a 4.5% Pillar 1 requirement, a 1.75% Pillar 2 requirement, a 1.25% Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB), a 0.02% Countercyclical Buffer and the 1.50% Systemic Risk Buffer which has been set separately for Dutch systemic banks by the Dutch Central Bank (De Nederlandsche Bank). This requirement excludes Pillar 2 guidance, which is not disclosed. The CCB and the Systematic Risk Buffer (SRB) are scheduled to phase-in to 2.5% and 3.0% respectively by 1 January 2019 respectively.

For 2018, the transitional (phased-in) SREP common equity Tier 1 requirement will be 10.43% . This requirement consists of a 4.5% Pillar 1 requirement, a 1.75% Pillar 2 requirement, a 1.875% CCB, countercyclical buffer of 0.06% (based on December 2017 positions) and the 2.25% SRB. This excludes Pillar 2 guidance, which is not disclosed.

Consequently, Maximum Distributable Amount (MDA) trigger level is expected to rise from 9.0% in 2017 to 10.4% in 2018 and 11.8% in 2019 and assumes a stable Pillar 2 requirement. In the event that ING Group breaches the MDA level it may face restrictions to pay dividends, coupons on AT1 instruments and bonuses.

ING Group continues to maintain a strong and high quality capital level, with a phased-in common equity Tier 1 ratio and a fully-loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio of 14.7% as at 31 December 2017, thereby ING is in compliance with the current fully-loaded requirement of 11.8%, assuming all capital buffers remain stable.

.

The phased-in and fully-loaded Group Tier 1 ratio (including grandfathered securities) as at 31 December 2017 respectively decreased from 16.3% to 16.2% and 16.6% to 16.4% . The phased and fully-loaded total capital ratio (including grandfathered securities) of ING Groep NV respectively decreased from 19.3% to 18.5% and 19.7% to 19.1% .

Capital ratios now reflects the impact of the interpretation of the EBA Q&A published on 3 November 2017. This Q&A relates to externally placed own funds from a subsidiary in conjunction with the availability to absorb losses at the consolidated level. Impact will mostly disappear in the coming years as ING Group going forward will be the issuing entity for all new capital instruments.

At the end of January 2017, the Single Resolution Board informed ING that it supports the designation of ING Group as the single point of entry for resolution purposes. Henceforth, ING Group will be the issuing entity for all TLAC/ MREL eligible debt consisting of additional Tier 1, Tier 2 and senior unsecured debt. The Single Resolution Board has not yet set legally binding MREL requirements. Any potential (higher) shortfall related to legally binding MREL requirements, new regulatory initiatives and balance sheet growth will be met with additional Group issuance.

G-SIBs will be required to meet the TLAC requirement alongside the minimum regulatory requirements set out in the Basel III framework. Specifically, the TLAC term sheet requires ING to meet a minimum TLAC requirement including buffer requirements of at least 21.5% of the resolution group’s risk-weighted assets (TLAC RWA Minimum) as from 1 January 2019 and at least 23.5% as from 1 January 2022. Also minimum TLAC must also be at least 6% of the Basel III leverage ratio denominator (TLAC Leverage Ratio Exposure (LRE) Minimum) as from 1 January 2019, and at least 6.75% as from 1 January 2022. No buffer requirements will come on top of the leverage requirement.

ING Bank NV continues to maintain a strong and high quality capital level, with a fully-loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio and a phased-in common equity Tier 1 ratio of 13.1%, thereby complying with CRR/CRD IV solvency requirements. ING Bank NV paid EUR 3.2 billion of dividend to ING Group in 2017. The fully loaded in Tier 1 ratios (including grandfathered securities) remained stable at 14.7%, while the phased-in Tier 1 ratio (including grandfathered securities) increased form 14.4% to 14.6%, primarily reflecting developments in ING Bank’s common equity Tier 1 ratio. The Banks’s fully loaded and phased in total capital ratio (including grandfathered securities) respectively increased from 17.8% to 18.3% and 17.4% to 18.2% .

Dividend

ING Group’s dividend policy aims to pay a progressive dividend that will reflect considerations including expected future capital requirements, growth opportunities available to the Group, net earnings, and regulatory developments. The Executive Board proposes to pay a total cash dividend of EUR 2.6 billion, or EUR 0.67 per ordinary share, over the financial year 2017. This is subject to the approval of shareholders at the Annual General Meeting in April 2018. Taking into account the interim dividend of EUR 0.24 per ordinary share paid in August 2017, the final dividend will amount to EUR 0.43 per ordinary share and will be paid fully in cash. The total amount of EUR 1.7 billion is completely covered by the remaining balance of ‘interim profits not included in CET1 capital’ at year-end 2017.

Policies

The activities of Capital Management are executed on the basis of established policies, guidelines and procedures. For the Capital Treasury there are additional policies and limits that guide the management of the balance sheets and the execution of capital market transactions.

Processes for managing capital

Besides measuring capital adequacy, Capital Management also ensures that sufficient capital is available through setting targets and limits relevant to the above mentioned metrics for ING Group and ING Bank and ensuring adherence to the set limits and targets through planning and executing capital management transactions. The ongoing assessment and monitoring of capital adequacy is embedded in Capital Management’s capital planning process. Following the annual budgeting process, each year a capital plan is prepared for the Group as a whole and each of its material businesses. This plan is updated on a quarterly basis and is assessed to what extent additional management actions are required. At all times maintaining sufficient financial flexibility should be preserved to meet important financial objectives. At the foundation of the capital plan are ING’s risk appetite statements that determine target setting. These constraints are being cascaded to the different businesses in line with our risk management strategy.

Stress testing is an integral component of ING’s risk and capital management framework. It allows us to (i) assess potential vulnerabilities in our businesses, business model or portfolios; (ii) understand the sensitivities of the core assumptions in our strategic and capital plans; and (iii) improve decision-making through balancing risk and return. In addition to internal stress test scenarios reflecting the outcomes of the annual risk assessment, ING also participates in regulatory stress test exercises. ING participated in the 2017 EU-wide stress test that the ECB conducted in order to assess the sensitivity towards Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book.

Capital adequacy assessment

As at 1 January 2014, the CRR/CRD IV capital rules entered into force. The capital position table reflects own funds according to the Basel III rules as specified in the CRR/CRD IV. As CRD IV will be phased-in gradually until 2019, the table shows the CRD IV positions according to the 2019 end-state rules and the 2017 rules. ING reports these metrics for ING Group and ING Bank. During 2017, ING Group and ING Bank were adequately capitalised.

ING Group capital position
	(fully-loaded)						(phased-in)
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Shareholders’ equity		48,429			47,257			48,429			47,257
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU1		1,977			2,536			1,977			2,536
– Interim profit not included in CET1 capital2		–1,670			–1,629			–1,670			–1,629
– Other adjustments		–3,186			–3,596			–3,154			–3,698
Regulatory adjustments		–4,856			–5,225			–4,825			–5,327
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		45,550			44,568			45,581			44,466
Additional Tier 1 securities3		5,137			7,706			5,137			7,706
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		42			0			–393			–809
Available Tier 1 capital		50,729			52,274			50,326			51,364
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds4		11,086			9,488			11,086			9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2		–2,517			109			–4,001			–86
Available Total capital5		59,298			61,871			57,410			60,765
Risk weighted assets		309,887			314,325			309,887			314,325
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		14.70	%		14.18	%		14.71	%		14.15	%
Tier 1 ratio		16.37	%		16.63	%		16.24	%		16.34	%
Total capital ratio		19.14	%		19.68	%		18.53	%		19.33	%

1 Capital measures exclude the difference between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB as capital measures are based on IFRS-EU as primary accounting basis for statutory and regulatory deductions.

2 The interim profit not included in CET1 capital as per 31 December 2017 (EUR 1,670 million) includes EUR 44 million for 4Q2017 (YTD 4Q2017: EUR 2,603 million) minus a ING Group interim dividend payment of EUR 933 million, which was paid out in 3Q2017.

3 Including EUR 2,691 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016: EUR 3,052 million) and EUR 2,446 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016: EUR 4,654 million).

4 Including EUR 8,995 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016: EUR 7,347 million), and EUR 2,091 million to be replaced (by Group instruments) as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016: EUR 2,141 million).

5 Regulatory adjustments include the interpretation of the EBA Q&A published on 3 November 2017.

ING Bank NV capital position according to CRR/CRD IV
	(fully-loaded)						(phased-in)
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Shareholders’ equity		41,685			41,004			41,685			41,004
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU1		1,977			2,536			1,977			2,536
Interim profit not included in CET1 capital		–44			–617			–44			–617
Other adjustments		–3,043			–3,548			–3,017			–3,661
Regulatory adjustments		–3,087			–4,165			–3,061			–4,278
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		40,576			39,375			40,602			39,262
Additional Tier 1 securities2		4,989			6,496			4,989			6,496
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		53			0			–374			–798
Available Tier 1 capital		45,618			45,871			45,217			44,960
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds3		11,086			9,488			11,086			9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2		47			109			–44			–86
Available Total capital		56,751			55,467			56,259			54,362
Risk weighted assets		309,287			312,086			309,287			312,086
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		13.12	%		12.62	%		13.13	%		12.58	%
Tier 1 ratio		14.75	%		14.70	%		14.62	%		14.41	%
Total capital ratio		18.35	%		17.77	%		18.19	%		17.42	%

¹  Capital measures exclude the difference between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB as capital measures are based on IFRS-EU as primary accounting basis for statutory and regulatory deductions.

²  Including EUR 3,123 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016 EUR 3,542 million), and EUR 1,866 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016 EUR 2,954 million).

³  Including EUR 8,995 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016 EUR 7,347 million), and EUR 2,091 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016 EUR 2,141 million).

Regulatory requirements

Capital adequacy and the use of regulatory required capital are based on the guidelines developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (The Basel Committee) and the European Union Directives, as implemented by the Dutch Central Bank (Dutch Central Bank until 3 November 2014, the ECB thereafter) for supervisory purposes. In 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issued new solvency and liquidity requirements, which superseded Basel II. The minimum requirements, excluding buffers, for the common equity Tier 1 ratio is 4.5%, the minimum Tier 1 requirement is 6% and the total capital ratio is 8% of all risk-weighted assets. Basel III requires Banks to hold a capital of at least 80% of the old Basel I requirements, which was 8% of the RWAs as calculated with the Basel I methodology. This Basel I floor has been extended until the end of 2017.

ICAAP/SREP process

On a yearly basis ING submits extensive documentation on the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) to its regulator as prescribed in the CRD IV frameworks. This documentation includes a description of ING’s internal capital models, its risk appetite framework, an asset quality analysis and a capital planning, both under normal circumstances and in certain stressed scenarios. This documentation is an important input for the regulator’s Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) resulting in a letter to ING Management. The SREP is conducted by the ECB and examines on a regular basis ING’s internal models and processes. The regulatory 2017 guidance indicated that the minimum capital ratios ECB considers adequate for ING Group and ING Bank sufficiently covered by ING’s own capital standards.

Ratings

Main credit ratings of ING at 31 December 2017

Standard & Poor’s

Moody’s

Fitch

Rating

Outlook

Rating

Outlook

Rating

Outlook

ING Groep N.V.

– long-term

A-

Stable

Baa1

Stable

A+

Stable

ING Bank N.V.

– long-term

A+

Stable

Aa3

Stable

A+

Stable

– short-term

A-1

P-1

F1

ING’s key credit ratings and outlook are shown in the table above. Each of these ratings reflects only the view of the applicable rating agency at the time the rating was issued, and any explanation of the significance of a rating may be obtained only from the rating agency.

A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. There is no assurance that any credit rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered, suspended or withdrawn entirely by the rating agency if, in the rating agency’s judgment, circumstances so warrant. ING accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or reliability of the ratings.

XML

Accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Changes in accounting policies in 2017

a) Changes in accounting policies in 2017

ING Group has applied a number of amendments to standards for the first time during the year ended 31 December 2017. The implementation of these changes had an insignificant impact on the consolidated financial position, net result, other comprehensive income, cash flows, and related disclosures of ING Group. The amendment to IAS 7 now requires a disclosure of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, reference is made to Note 31 ‘Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities’. ING Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment which has been issued, but is not yet effective.

Upcoming changes in IFRS after 2017

b) Upcoming changes in IFRS after 2017

Changes to IFRS effective in 2018 and onwards expected to have no significant impact on ING Group

The following published amendments are not mandatory for 2017 and have not been early adopted by the group. ING Group is still currently assessing the detailed impact of these amendments, however the implementation of these amendments is expected to have no significant impact on ING Group’s consolidated financial statements.

The list of upcoming changes to IFRS, which are applicable for ING Group:

Effective in 2018:

• Amendments to IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payment’: Classification and Measurement of Share-based payment transactions

• Amendments to IAS 40 ‘Investment Property’: Transfers of Investment Property;

• Annual improvements cycle 2014 – 2016: Amendments to IAS 28 ‘Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures’; and

• IFRIC 22 ‘Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration’.

Effective in 2019:

• IFRIC 23 ‘Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments’;

• Amendments to IAS 28: ‘Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures’: Long-term Interests in Associates and Joint Ventures;

• Annual improvements cycle 2015 – 2017: Amendments to IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’, IFRS 11 ‘Joint Arrangements’, IAS 12 ‘Income Taxes’, IAS 23 ‘Borrowing Costs’; and

• Amendments to IAS 19: ‘Employee Benefits’: Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement

IASB has also issued IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’ effective in 2021, however it is not applicable for ING Group.

Major new IFRSs

IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’

IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ was issued by the IASB in July 2014 and endorsed by the EU in November 2016. IFRS 9 replaces IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ and includes requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities, impairment of financial assets, and hedge accounting. The new requirements are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 and will be applied by ING Group as of 1 January 2018. ING Group applies the classification, measurement, and impairment requirements retrospectively by adjusting the opening balance sheet and opening equity at 1 January 2018, and has decided not to restate comparative periods and not to early apply the changed own credit risk requirements, as permitted by IFRS 9. In October 2017, the IASB issued an amendment to IFRS 9 with regard to prepayment features with negative compensation. This change allows financial assets with prepayment features that permit or require a party to a contract either to pay or receive reasonable compensation for the early termination of the contract, to be measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income. The amendment will be effective for annual period beginning or after 1 January 2019. If the amendment is endorsed by the EU, ING will early adopt the amendment to IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2018 as permitted. Based on the assessments carried out, ING Group does not expect that this change will have an impact.

ING decided to continue applying IAS 39 for hedge accounting as explicitly permitted by IFRS 9. The revised hedge accounting disclosures as required by IFRS 7 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’ as per 1 January 2018 will be implemented across ING Group.

IFRS 9 program governance and status

The IFRS 9 program was initiated in 2015 and was set-up based on the three pillars of the IFRS 9 standard: Classification and Measurement, Impairment, and Hedge Accounting. These central work streams consisted of experts from Finance, Risk, Bank Treasury, Operations and the Business. The IFRS 9 Technical Board consisted of the heads of various Finance and Risk functions supporting the IFRS 9 Steering Committee by reviewing the interpretations of IFRS 9, the central guidance, and instructions as prepared by the central work streams. The IFRS 9 Steering Committee was the key decision making body and consists of senior managers from Finance, Risk, Bank Treasury and Wholesale Banking Lending Services. The Management Board Banking and the Audit Committee were periodically updated about IFRS 9 and the key decisions.

In 2017 the program’s focus was on:

• Performing three ‘parallel runs’ to test readiness of systems, processes and a number of controls for transition to
IFRS 9 as per 1 January 2018;

• Developing and validating of the new expected credit loss models;

• Developing and implementing processes for staging and using forward looking economic guidance in the Expected Credit Losses models;

• Finalising technical interpretation of the IFRS 9 standard;

• Finalising the business model assessment and solely payments of principal and interest testing for Classification and Measurement purposes;

• Implementing and testing system changes;

• Updating the policies, governance and control frameworks that are impacted by IFRS 9 and starting to embed these changes into everyday business and financial reporting cycles;

• Preparing the IFRS 9 transition disclosure plan.

During 2017, the IFRS 9 program was subject to reviews by supervisors and audits by ING’s internal audit department.

ING has almost completed the implementation of IFRS 9. The main procedures that are in the process of being finalised are the transfer of program activities, further embedding internal controls in the processes and the last model validations.

Classification and Measurement

IFRS 9 is built on a single classification and measurement approach for financial assets that reflects the business model in which they are managed and their cash flow characteristics. Financial assets are therefore classified in their entirety rather than being subject to complex bifurcation requirements.

Two criteria are used to determine how financial assets should be classified and measured at amortised cost (AC), fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVPL):

1. The business model assessment, performed to determine how a portfolio of financial instruments as a whole is managed in order to classify the business model as Hold to Collect (HtC), Hold to Collect & Sell (HtC&S), or other; and

2. The contractual cash flow characteristics test, performed to determine whether the financial instruments give rise to cash flows that are Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI). Principal is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. Interest is defined as consideration for the time value of money, for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period and for other basic lending risk and costs as well as margin.

A financial asset is measured at AC if it is held within a HtC business model, the contractual cash flows are solely SPPI and if it is not designated as at FVPL. A financial asset is measured at FVOCI if it is held within a HtC&S business model, the contractual cash flows are solely SPPI and if it is not designated as at FVPL. Financial assets not classified as AC or FVOCI are measured at FVPL.

ING’s business models are based on the existing management structure of the bank, and refined based on an analysis of how businesses are evaluated and reported, how their specific business risks are managed and on historic and expected future sales. The SPPI testing was carried out on a sample basis conducted after the financial assets within the business models were stratified based on an analysis of product characteristics. In performing the SPPI testing, ING considered the contractual terms of the instruments. This included assessing whether the financial assets contained a contractual term that would change the amount or timing of contractual cash flows such that they would no longer be SPPI compliant. In making the assessment, terms such as the following were considered:

• Prepayment terms. For example a prepayment of an outstanding principal amount plus a penalty capped to three or six months of interest;

• Leverage features, which increase the variability of the contractual cash flows with the result that they do not have the economic characteristics of interest; An example is a Libor contract with a multiplier of 1.3;

• Terms that limit the groups claim to cash flows from specified assets – e.g. non-recourse asset arrangements; This could be the case if payments of principal and interest are met solely by the cash flows generated by the underlying asset, for example in real estate, shipping and aviation financing;

• Features that modify consideration for the time value of money. These are contracts with for example an interest rate which is reset every month to a one-year rate.

A number of key accounting policy choices were required for the Classification and Measurement of ING’s financial assets, such as the level of permissible sales in a HtC business model, the FVOCI option for equity investments and accounting prepayments. The decision making process for such policy choices followed the IFRS 9 programme governance, with technical matters researched, decisions documented, and conclusions proposed by ING’s IFRS 9 Technical Board for approval by the IFRS 9 Steering Committee.

IFRS 9 largely retains the existing requirements in IAS 39 for the classification of financial liabilities. However, under IAS 39 all fair value changes of financial liabilities designated at FVPL are recognised in the Statement of profit or loss (SOPL), whereas under IFRS 9 the fair value changes are presented as follows:

• The amount of change in the fair value that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of the liability is presented in the Statement of other comprehensive income (SOCI). Upon derecognition this Debt Valuation Adjustment (DVA) impact shall not be recycled from other comprehensive income (OCI) to the SOPL; and

• The remaining amount of change in the fair value is presented in the SOPL.

The impact of this change is that an amount of approximately EUR 0.2 billion will be reclassified within equity from Retained earnings to OCI.

Impact

As a result of the combined application of the business model analysis and SPPI test, the classification and measurement of the following portfolios will change:

• The most significant change is the reclassification of a part of the available-for-sale (AFS) investment portfolio, which will be split into a portfolio classified at AC and a portfolio at FVOCI. Approximately EUR 35.5 billion of debt securities previously classified at AFS under IAS 39 will be measured at AC based on the IFRS 9 HtC business model. The reclassification from AFS to AC will result in a reduction of the unrealised revaluation gains in equity at transition date of approximately EUR 0.6 billion.

• For a mortgage portfolio of EUR 3.4 billion, the measurement will change from AC to FVOCI as it meets the HtC&S business model requirements. As the fair value of the portfolio is higher than the AC, this will have a positive impact on equity of EUR 0.2 billion.

• Approximately EUR 1.3 billion of debt securities and loans previously booked at AC or AFS will be measured at FVPL as the cash flows do not meet the SPPI test. This measurement change has a limited negative impact on equity at transition date.

Furthermore, there are a few portfolios for which only the classification on ING’s Consolidated statement of financial position will change without impacting equity.

• ING has a portfolio of equity securities amounting to EUR 4.0 billion. For strategic equity instruments amounting to EUR 3.9 billion, ING has decided to apply the option to irrevocably designate these at FVOCI, instead of the IFRS 9 default measurement of FVPL. FVOCI equity investments will have no recycling of the revaluation reserve anymore to the SOPL upon disposal. For these instruments only dividend income continues to be recognised in the SOPL.; and

• Certain reverse repurchase portfolios amounting to EUR 54.8 billion will be classified as financial assets ‘Mandatorily at FVPL’ instead of Held for trading. ING will use the fair value option for the related repurchase financial liabilities amounting to EUR 37.2 billion.

Impairment

The implementation of IFRS 9 has a significant impact on ING’s impairment methodology. The Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model is a forward-looking model. The ECL estimates are unbiased, probability-weighted, and include supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. ING’s ECL model reflects three macroeconomic scenarios via a baseline, up and down scenario and include the time value of money. The model applies to on-balance sheet financial assets accounted for at AC and FVOCI such as loans, debt securities and lease receivables, as well as off-balance sheet items such as undrawn loan commitments, certain financial guarantees, and undrawn committed revolving credit facilities. Compared to the scope under IAS 39, the main change is the inclusion of off-balance sheet exposures and HtC&S financial assets. ING aligned the definition of credit impaired under IFRS 9 with the definition of default for prudential purposes.

ING’s approach leveraged the existing regulatory capital models that use the Advanced Internal Ratings Based (AIRB) models for regulatory purposes. For other portfolios that use the Standardized Approach (SA) to calculate regulatory capital, ING developed new ECL models.

Three stage approach

ING Group will apply the IFRS 9 three stage approach to measure expected credit losses:

• Stage 1: 12 month ECL – No significantly increased credit risk.

Financial instruments that have not had a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition require, at initial recognition a provision for ECL associated with the probability of default events occurring within the next 12 months (12 month ECL). For those financial assets with a remaining maturity of less than 12 months, a Probability of Default (PD) is used that corresponds to the remaining maturity.

• Stage 2: Lifetime ECL – Significantly increased credit risk

In the event of a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a provision is required for the lifetime ECL representing losses over the life of the financial instrument (lifetime ECL).

• Stage 3: Lifetime ECL – Defaulted

Financial instruments that move into Stage 3 once credit impaired and purchases of credit impaired assets will require a lifetime provision.

Significant increase in credit risk

A financial asset moves from Stage 1 to Stage 2 when there is a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. ING Group established a framework which incorporates quantitative and qualitative information to identify this on an asset level applying a relative assessment. Each financial asset will be assessed at the reporting date on the triggers for significant deterioration. ING Group assesses significant increase in credit risk using:

• Delta in the lifetime default probability;

• Forbearance status;

• Watch list status. Loans on the watchlist are individually assessed for Stage 2 classification;

• Intensive care management;

• Internal rating;

• Arrears; and the

• More than 30 days past due backstop for Stage 1 to Stage 2 transfers.

The delta in lifetime probability of default is the main trigger for movement between Stage 1 and Stage 2. The trigger compares lifetime probability of default at origination versus lifetime probability of default at reporting date, considering the remaining maturity. Assets can move in both directions, meaning that they will move back to Stage 1 or Stage 2 when the Stage 2 or Stage 3 triggers are not applicable anymore (taking into account the regulatory probation periods). The stage allocation is implemented in the central credit risk systems.

Macroeconomic scenarios

ING has established a quarterly process whereby forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios and probability weightings are developed for ECL calculation purposes. ING applies predominantly data from a leading service provider enriched with the internal ING view. To reflect an unbiased and probability-weighted ECL amount, a baseline, an up-scenario and a down-scenario are determined. As a baseline scenario, ING applies the market-neutral view combining consensus forecasts for economic variables such as unemployment rates, GDP growth, house prices, commodity prices, and short-term interest rates. Applying market consensus in the baseline scenario ensures unbiased estimates of the expected credit losses.

The alternative scenarios are based on observed forecast errors in the past, adjusted for the risks affecting the economy today and the forecast horizon. The probabilities assigned are based on the likelihoods of observing the three scenarios and are derived from confidence intervals on a probability distribution. The scenarios are adjusted on a quarterly basis.

As the inclusion of forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios requires judgement, a Macroeconomic scenarios team and a Macroeconomic scenarios expert panel were established. The Macroeconomic scenarios team is responsible for the macroeconomic scenarios used for IFRS 9 ECL purposes with a challenge by the Macroeconomic scenarios expert panel. This ensures that the macroeconomic scenarios are sufficiently challenged and that key economic risks, including immediate short term risks, are taken into consideration when developing the macroeconomic scenarios used in the calculation of ECL. The Macroeconomic scenarios expert panel is a diverse team composed of senior management representatives from the Business, Risk, Finance, and an external party.

Measurement

The calculation of IFRS 9 ECL leverages on ING Group’s expected loss models (PD, LGD, EAD) currently used for regulatory capital, economic capital, and collective provisions in the current IAS 39 framework. These models are adjusted for 1) removal of embedded prudential conservatism (such as floors), 2) provide forward-looking point in time estimates based on macroeconomic predictions and 3) a 12 months or lifetime view of credit risk where needed. Lifetime features are default behaviour over a longer horizon, full behaviour after the default moment, repayment schedules and early settlements. For most financial instruments, the expected life is limited to the remaining maturity. For overdrafts and certain revolving credit facilities, such as credit cards, open ended assumptions are taken as these do not have a fixed term or repayment schedule.

To measure ECL, ING Group applies a PD x EAD x LGD approach incorporating the time value of money. For Stage 1 assets a forward-looking approach on a 12 month horizon will be applied. For Stage 2 assets a lifetime view on the credit is applied. The Lifetime Expected Loss (LEL) is the discounted sum of the portions of lifetime losses related to default events within each time window of 12 months till maturity. For Stage 3 assets the PD equals 100% and the Loss Given Default (LGD) and Exposure At Default (EAD) represent a lifetime view of the losses based on characteristics of defaulted facilities.

Impact

As a result of the new IFRS 9 impairment requirements, ING expects that the loan loss provisions (LLP) increase by approximately EUR 0.6 billion (pre-tax). The split of the ECL to different stages of our portfolio is further detailed in the table below. The increase in the level of impairments due to the IFRS 9 transition is mainly the result of IFRS 9 Stage 2 loans for which lifetime expected credit losses need to be calculated.

Estimated IFRS 9 transition impact impairments as at 1 January 2018¹

In billions of euros	IAS 39 LLP		IFRS 9 impairment stages	Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase			Estimated IFRS 9 ECL
Incurred but Not Reported (IBNR)		0.7	Stage 1 – 12 month ECL		0.1			0.4
			Stage 2 – Lifetime ECL		0.5			0.9
Individual provisions (ISFA, INSFA)		3.9	Stage 3 – Lifetime ECL		0.0	2		3.9
Total		4.6	Total		0.6			5.2

1 Includes provisions for contingent liabilities

2 The change for Stage 3 financial assets is rounded.

IFRS 9 Impact on capital and other regulatory requirements

IFRS 9 will impact ING Group’s reported capital as a result of the transition adjustments recorded in shareholders’ equity on transition date. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) pointed out that the treatment of provisions under both the SA and the AIRB frameworks remains, but allows jurisdictions the option to choose whether to apply a transitional arrangement for the impact of impairment under IFRS 9. As a result, the EU introduced transitional arrangements for mitigating the impact of the introduction of IFRS 9 impairment on own funds in the Capital Requirements Regulations (CRR). ING has decided not to apply the IFRS 9 impairment transitional arrangements. The increase in provisions will have limited impact on ING’s CET1 ratio as for the AIRB portfolios it will be offset by the existing regulatory provision shortfall per 31 December 2017.

The estimated impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 on shareholders’ equity is approximately EUR -0.9 billion and -18 basis points on CET1 capital ratio at implementation date 1 January 2018, consisting of:

Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders’ equity as at 1 January 2018

In billions of euros	Estimated impact on shareholders’ equity
Loan loss provisions1		–0.4
Investment portfolio2		–0.6
Mortgages held in HtC&S portfolio3		0.2
Other4		–0.1
Total impact		–0.9

1 The EUR -0.4 billion is, the post-tax impact on equity of the estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase amounting to EUR 0.6 billion. The capital impact is for the AIRB portfolios, offset by the release of expected loss elements currently included in the calculation of regulatory capital per 31 December 2017.

2 Main impact of approximately EUR -0.6 billion from the reclassification of a part of the investment portfolio from the AFS (FVOCI) debt securities under IAS 39 to the HtC portfolio (AC) under IFRS 9.

3 A portfolio of mortgages will be measured at FVOCI under IFRS 9 instead of AC under IAS 39 resulting in an impact of approximate EUR 0.2 billion impact on CET1 capital.

4 This item mainly relates to the estimated impact of reporting loans and debt instruments at fair value through the SOPL because the cash flows of these assets do not represent SPPI.

The impact on other regulatory ratios is not expected to be material.

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 and has been endorsed by the EU. IFRS 15 introduces a five-step approach for recognising revenue as and when the agreed performance obligations are satisfied. Agreed performance obligations are individual promises made to the customer that deliver benefit from the customer’s perspective. Revenue should either be recognised at a point-in-time or over-time depending on the service being delivered to the customer.

ING assessed the impact of IFRS 15 and expects that it will have no significant effect on ING Group’s Net result and/or Other comprehensive income and Shareholders’ equity.

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019 and has been endorsed by the EU. IFRS 16 is the new accounting standard for leases and will replace IAS 17 ‘Leases’ and IFRIC 4 ‘Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease’. The new standard removes the distinction between operating or finance leases for lessee accounting, resulting in all leases being treated as finance leases. All leases will be recognised on the statement of financial position with the optional exceptions for short-term leases with a lease term of less than 12 months and leases of low-value assets (for example mobile phones or laptops). A lessee is required to recognise a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. The main reason for this change is that this approach will result in a more comparable representation of a lessee’s assets and liabilities in relation to other companies and, together with enhanced disclosures, will provide greater transparency of a lessee’s financial leverage and capital employed. The standard permits a lessee to choose either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective transition approach. Furthermore the standard provides some practical options and exemptions to ease the costs of transition. Lessor accounting remains substantially unchanged. ING will adopt the standard at its effective date planning to use the modified retrospective approach, however ING is still currently assessing the detailed impact of this standard.

Reconciliation between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB

Reconciliation between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB

The published 2017 Annual Accounts of ING Group are prepared in accordance with IFRS-EU. IFRS-EU refers to International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union (EU), including the decisions ING Group made with regard to the options available under IFRS as adopted by the EU. IFRS-EU differs from IFRS-IASB in respect of certain paragraphs in IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ regarding hedge accounting for portfolio hedges of interest rate risk.

Under IFRS-EU, ING Group applies fair value hedge accounting for portfolio hedges of interest rate risk (fair value macro hedges) in accordance with the EU carve-out version of IAS 39. Under the EU IAS 39 carve-out, hedge accounting may be applied, in respect of fair value macro hedges, to core deposits and hedge ineffectiveness is only recognised when the revised estimate of the amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets falls below the original designated amount of that bucket and is not recognised when the revised amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets is more than the original designated amount. Under IFRS-IASB, hedge accounting for fair value macro hedges cannot be applied to core deposits and ineffectiveness arises whenever the revised estimate of the amount of cash flows in scheduled time buckets is either more or less than the original designated amount of that bucket.

This information is prepared by reversing the hedge accounting impacts that are applied under the EU ‘carve-out’ version of IAS 39. Financial information under IFRS-IASB accordingly does not take account of the possibility that had ING Group applied IFRS-IASB as its primary accounting framework it might have applied alternative hedge strategies where those alternative hedge strategies could have qualified for IFRS-IASB compliant hedge accounting. These decisions could have resulted in different shareholders’ equity and net result amounts compared to those indicated in this Annual Report on
Form 20-F.

A reconciliation between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB is included below.

Both IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB differ in several areas from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).

Reconciliation shareholders’ equity under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB
	Total Equity
	2017		2016		2015
In accordance with IFRS-EU		50,406		49,793		47,832
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out		–2,655		–3,472		–3,883
Tax effect of the adjustment		678		936		1,023
Effect of adjustment after tax		–1,977		–2,536		–2,860
Shareholders’ equity		48,429		47,257		44,972
Non-voting equity securities
Non-controlling interests		715		606		638
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total Equity		49,144		47,863		45,610

Reconciliation net result under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB
	Net result
	2017		2016		2015
In accordance with IFRS-EU		4,905		4,651		4,010
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out		817		411		1,205
Tax effect of the adjustment		–258		–87		–289
Effect of adjustment after tax		559		324		916
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)		5,464		4,975		4,926
Non-controlling interests		82		75		408
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total net result		5,546		5,050		5,334

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions

c) Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements in the process of applying its accounting policies and to use estimates and assumptions. The estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities and the amounts of the contingent liabilities at the balance sheet date, as well as reported income and expenses for the year. The actual outcome may differ from these estimates. The process of setting assumptions is subject to internal control procedures and approvals.

ING Group has identified areas that require management to make significant judgements and use critical accounting estimates and assumptions based on the information and financial data that may change in future periods. These areas are:

• The determination of the fair values of financial assets and liabilities;

• Loan loss provisions; and

• Provisions.

For further discussion of the significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions in these areas, reference is made to the relevant parts in section d) ‘Principles of valuation and determination of results’ and the applicable notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Consolidation

Consolidation

ING Group (the Group) comprises ING Groep N.V. (the Parent Company), ING Bank N.V. and all other subsidiaries. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by ING Groep N.V. Control exists if ING Groep N.V. is exposed or has rights to variable returns and has the ability to affect those returns through the power over the investee. Control is usually achieved through situations including, but not limited to:

• Ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than half of the voting power;

• Ability to appoint or remove the majority of the board of directors;

• Power to govern operating and financial policies under statute or agreement; and

• Power over more than half of the voting rights through an agreement with other investors.

The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered in assessing whether ING Group controls another entity.

For interests in investment vehicles, the existence of control is determined taking into account both ING Group’s financial interests for own risk and its role as investment manager.

A list of principal subsidiaries is included in Note 47 ‘Principal subsidiaries’.

A list containing the information referred to in Section 379 (1), Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code has been filed with the office of the Commercial Register of Amsterdam, in accordance with Section 379 (5), Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.

The results of the operations and the net assets of subsidiaries are included in the statement of profit or loss and the statement of financial position from the date control is obtained until the date control is lost. On disposal, the difference between the sales proceeds, net of directly attributable transaction costs, and the net assets is included in net result.

A subsidiary which ING Group has agreed to sell but is still legally owned by ING Group may still be controlled by ING Group at the balance sheet date and therefore, still be included in the consolidation. Such a subsidiary may be presented as a held for sale disposal group if certain conditions are met.

All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised surpluses and deficits on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Where necessary, the accounting policies used by subsidiaries are changed to ensure consistency with group policies. In general, the reporting dates of subsidiaries are the same as the reporting date of ING Groep N.V.

ING Groep N.V. and its Dutch group companies are subject to legal restrictions regarding the amount of dividends they can pay to their shareholders. The Dutch Civil Code contains the restriction that dividends can only be paid up to an amount equal to the excess of the company’s own funds over the sum of the paid-up capital and reserves required by law. Additionally, certain Group companies are subject to restrictions on the amount of funds they may transfer in the form of dividends, or otherwise, to the parent company.

Furthermore, in addition to the restrictions in respect of minimum capital requirements that are imposed by industry regulators in the countries in which the subsidiaries operate, other limitations exist in certain countries.

Segment reporting

Segment reporting

A segment is a distinguishable component of the Group, engaged in providing products or services, subject to risks and returns that are different from those of other segments monitored by management. A geographical area is a distinguishable component of the Group engaged in providing products or services within a particular economic environment that is subject to risks and returns that are different from those of segments operating in other economic environments. The geographical analyses are based on the location of the office from which the transactions are originated.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The Consolidated financial statements are presented in euros, which is ING Group’s presentation currency.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transactions. Exchange rate differences resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the statement of profit or loss, except when deferred in equity as part of qualifying cash flow hedges or qualifying net investment hedges.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange rate differences on non-monetary items, measured at fair value through profit or loss, are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. Non-monetary items are retranslated at the date fair value is determined. Exchange rate differences on non-monetary items measured at fair value through the revaluation reserve are included in the revaluation reserve in equity.

Exchange rate differences in the statement of profit or loss are generally included in ‘Valuation results and net trading income’. Reference is made to Note 21 ‘Valuation results and net trading income’, which discloses the amounts included in the statement of profit or loss. Exchange rate differences relating to the disposal of available-for-sale debt and equity securities are considered to be an inherent part of the capital gains and losses recognised in Investment income. As mentioned below, in Group companies relating to the disposals of group companies, any exchange rate difference deferred in equity is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in ‘Result on disposal of group companies’. Reference is also made to Note 18 ‘Equity’, which discloses the amounts included in the statement of profit or loss.

Group companies

The results and financial positions of all group companies that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

• Assets and liabilities included in each statement of financial position are translated at the closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position;

• Income and expenses included in each statement of profit or loss are translated at average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and

• All resulting exchange rate differences are recognised in a separate component of equity.

On consolidation, exchange rate differences arising from the translation of a monetary item that forms part of the net investment in a foreign operation, and of borrowings and other instruments designated as hedges of such investments, are taken to shareholders’ equity. When a foreign operation is sold, the corresponding exchange rate differences are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on sale.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising from the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date.

Recognition and derecognition of financial instruments

Recognition and derecognition of financial instruments

Recognition of financial assets

All purchases and sales of financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity and available-for-sale that require delivery within the time frame established by regulation or market convention (‘regular way’ purchases and sales) are recognised at trade date, which is the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Loans and receivables are recognised at settlement date, which is the date on which the Group receives or delivers the asset.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or where the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. If the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a financial asset, it derecognises the financial asset if it no longer has control over the asset.

Realised gains and losses on financial assets

For financial assets at amortised cost, realised gains and losses on investments are determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and amortised cost. For available-for-sale financial assets, the accumulated fair value adjustments in other comprehensive income are included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is disposed. For equity securities, the cost is determined using a weighted average per portfolio. For debt securities, the cost is determined by specific identification.

Recognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are recognised on the date that the entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss.

Classification of financial instruments

Classification of financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include equity securities, debt securities, derivatives, loans and receivables, and other, and comprise the following sub-categories: trading assets, non-trading derivatives, and financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss by management. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss comprise the following sub-categories: trading liabilities, non-trading derivatives, and other financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss by management. Trading liabilities include equity securities, debt securities, funds on deposit, and derivatives.

A financial asset or financial liability is classified at fair value through profit or loss if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term or if designated by management as such. Management will designate a financial asset or a financial liability as such only if this eliminates a measurement inconsistency or if the related assets and liabilities are managed on a fair value basis.

Transaction costs on initial recognition are expensed as incurred. Interest income and expense from financial instruments is classified at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in Interest income using the effective interest method (where applicable) and the remaining changes in fair value of such instruments are recognised in Valuation results and net trading income in the statement of profit or loss.

Dividend income from equity instruments classified at fair value through profit or loss is generally recognised in Valuation results and net trading income in the statement of profit or loss when the dividend has been declared. For derivatives reference is made to the ‘Derivatives and hedge accounting’ section.

Investments

Investments (including loans quoted in active markets) are classified either as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. Investment debt securities and loans quoted in active markets with fixed maturity where management has both the intent and the ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity. Investment securities and quoted loans intended to be held for an indefinite period of time, which may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or changes in interest rates, exchange rates or equity prices, are classified as available-for-sale financial assets.

Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets include available-for-sale debt securities and available-for-sale equity securities. Available-for-sale financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. For available-for-sale debt securities, the difference between cost and redemption value is amortised. Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method. Available-for-sale financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income from debt securities classified as available-for-sale is recognised in Interest income in the statement of profit or loss. Dividend income from equity instruments classified as available-for-sale is recognised in Investment income in the statement of profit or loss when the dividend has been declared. Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value are recognised in equity and are recycled to the statement of profit or loss as Investment income when the asset is disposed. Investments in prepayment sensitive securities such as Interest-Only and Principal-Only strips are generally classified as available-for-sale.

Held-to-maturity investments

Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity for which the Group has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and which are designated by management as held-to-maturity assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses. Interest income from debt securities classified as held-to-maturity is recognised in Interest income in the statement of profit or loss using the effective interest method. Held-to-maturity investments include only debt securities.

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses. Loans and receivables include Cash and balances with central banks, Loans and advances to banks, Loans and advances to customers, and some categories of Other assets and are reflected in these line items in the Statement of financial position. Interest income from loans and receivables is recognised in Interest income in the Statement of profit or loss using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities at amortised cost include the following sub-categories: preference shares classified as debt, debt securities in issue, subordinated loans, and deposits from banks and customer deposits.

Financial liabilities at amortised cost are recognised initially at their issue proceeds (fair value of consideration received) net of transaction costs incurred. Liabilities in this category are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between proceeds, net of transaction costs, and the redemption value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss over the period of the liability using the effective interest method.

If the Group purchases its own debt, it is removed from the statement of financial position, and the difference between the carrying amount of the liability and the consideration paid is included in the statement of profit or loss.

Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are contracts that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due, in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Such financial guarantees are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at the higher of the discounted best estimate of the obligation under the guarantee and the amount initially recognised less cumulative amortisation to reflect revenue recognition principles.

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

All the financial assets and liabilities are recognised initially at fair value, whereas financial assets and liabilities classified as held-for-trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets classified as available-for-sale are subsequently measured at fair value in the financial statements.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It uses the assumptions that market participants would use and takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability. Fair values of financial assets and liabilities are based on unadjusted quoted market prices where available. Such quoted market prices are primarily obtained from exchange prices for listed financial instruments. Where an exchange price is not available, quoted prices in an active market may be obtained from independent market vendors, brokers, or market makers. In general, positions are valued at the bid price for a long position and at the offer price for a short position or are valued at the price within the bid-offer spread that is most representative of fair value in the circumstances. In some cases where positions are marked at mid-market prices, a fair value adjustment is calculated.

For certain financial assets and liabilities quoted market prices are not available. For these financial assets and liabilities, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques range from discounting of cash flows to various valuation models, where relevant pricing factors including the market price of underlying reference instruments, market parameters (volatilities, correlations and credit ratings), and customer behaviour are taken into account. ING maximises the use of market observable inputs and minimises the use of unobservable inputs in determining the fair value. It can be subjective dependent on the significance of the unobservable input to the overall valuation. All valuation techniques used are subject to internal review and approval. Most data used in these valuation techniques are validated on a daily basis.

When a group of financial assets and financial liabilities are managed on the basis of their net risk exposures, it measures the fair value of a group of financial assets and liabilities on net portfolio level.

To include credit risk in the fair value, ING applies both credit and debit valuation adjustments (CVA, DVA). Own issued debt and structured notes that are measured at fair value are adjusted for credit risk by means of a DVA. Additionally, derivatives valued at fair value are adjusted for credit risk by a CVA. The CVA is of a bilateral nature as both the credit risk on the counterparty as well as the credit risk on ING are included in the adjustment. All input data that is used in the determination of the CVA is based on market implied data. Additionally, wrong-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty is increasing and the credit quality of that counterparty deteriorates) and right-way risk (when exposure to a counterparty is increasing and the credit quality of that counterparty improves) are taken into account in the measurement of the valuation adjustment. ING applies an additional ‘funding valuation adjustment’ (FVA) to the uncollateralised derivatives based on the market price of funding liquidity.

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions:

Even if market prices are available, when markets are less liquid there may be a range of prices for the same security from different price sources. Selecting the most appropriate price requires judgement and could result in different estimates of fair value.

Valuation techniques are subjective in nature and significant judgement is involved in establishing fair values for certain financial assets and liabilities. Valuation techniques involve various assumptions regarding pricing factors. The use of different valuation techniques and assumptions could produce significantly different estimates of fair value.

Price testing is performed to assess whether the process of valuation has led to an appropriate fair value of the position and to an appropriate reflection of these valuations in the statement of profit or loss. Price testing is performed to minimise the potential risks for economic losses due to incorrect or misused models.

Reference is made to Note 37 ‘Fair value of assets and liabilities’ and the section ‘Risk management – Market risk’, paragraph ‘Fair values of financial assets and liabilities’ for the basis of the determination of the fair value of financial instruments and related sensitivities.

Credit risk management classification and maximum credit risk exposure

Credit risk management classification and maximum credit risk exposure

Credit risk management disclosures are provided in the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ paragraph ‘Credit risk categories’.

The maximum credit risk exposure for items in the statement of financial position is generally the carrying value for the relevant financial assets. For the off-balance sheet items the maximum credit exposure is the maximum amount that could be required to be paid. Reference is made to Note 44 ‘Contingent liabilities and commitments’ for these off-balance sheet items. Collateral received is not taken into account when determining the maximum credit risk exposure.

The manner in which ING Group manages credit risk and determines credit risk exposures for that purpose is explained in the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ paragraph ‘Credit Risk Appetite and Concentration Risk Framework’.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently measured at fair value. Fair values are obtained from quoted market prices in active markets, including recent market transactions and valuation techniques (such as discounted cash flow models and option pricing models), as appropriate. All derivatives are carried as assets when their fair value is positive and as liabilities when their fair value is negative.

Certain derivatives embedded in other contracts are measured as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contract, the host contract is not carried at fair value through profit or loss, and if a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss. An assessment is carried out when the Group first becomes party to the contract. A reassessment is carried out only when there is a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the expected cash flows.

The method of recognising the resulting fair value gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Group designates certain derivatives as hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or firm commitments (fair value hedge), hedges of highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognised asset or liability or a forecast transaction (cash flow hedge), or hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting is used for derivatives designated in this way provided certain criteria are met.

At the inception of the transaction ING Group documents the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, its risk management objective, together with the methods selected to assess hedge effectiveness. The Group also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items.

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in the statement of profit or loss, together with fair value adjustments to the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. If the hedge relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the cumulative adjustment of the hedged item is, in the case of interest bearing instruments, amortised through the statement of profit or loss over the remaining term of the original hedge or recognised directly when the hedged item is derecognised. For non-interest bearing instruments, the cumulative adjustment of the hedged item is recognised in the statement of profit or loss only when the hedged item is derecognised.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recognised in equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss. Amounts accumulated in equity are recycled to the statement of profit or loss in the periods in which the hedged item affects net result. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the statement of profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in equity is transferred immediately to the statement of profit or loss.

Net investment hedges

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for in a similar way to cash flow hedges. Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recognised in equity and the gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit or loss. Gains and losses accumulated in equity are included in the statement of profit or loss when the foreign operation is disposed.

Non-trading derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting

Derivative instruments that are used by the Group as part of its risk management strategies, but which do not qualify for hedge accounting under ING Group’s accounting policies, are presented as non-trading derivatives. Non-trading derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in the fair value taken to the statement of profit or loss.

Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities

Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported, in the statement of financial position when the Group has a current legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to either settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Offsetting is applied to certain interest rate swaps for which the services of a central clearing house are used. Offsetting is also applied to certain clients subject to cash pooling arrangements where the intention to settle net is demonstrated via a physical transfer of cash balances into a single netting account on a period end basis.

Repurchase transactions and reverse repurchase transactions

Repurchase transactions and reverse repurchase transactions

Securities sold subject to repurchase agreements (repos) are retained in the consolidated financial statements. The counterparty liability is included in Deposits from banks, Customer deposits, or Trading, as appropriate.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repos) are not recognised in the statement of financial position. The consideration paid to purchase securities is recognised as Loans and advances to customers, Loans and advances to banks, or Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - Trading assets, as appropriate. The difference between the sale and repurchase price is treated as interest and amortised over the life of the agreement using the effective interest method.

Impairments of financial assets at amortised cost (loan loss provisions)

Impairments of financial assets at amortised cost (loan loss provisions)

ING Group assesses periodically and at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, but before the balance sheet date, (a loss event) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. The following circumstances, among others, are considered objective evidence that a financial asset or group of assets is impaired:

• The borrower has sought or has been placed in bankruptcy or similar protection and this leads to the avoidance of or delays in repayment of the financial asset;

• The borrower has failed in the repayment of principal, interest, or fees and the payment failure has remained unsolved for a certain period;

• The borrower has demonstrated significant financial difficulty, to the extent that it will have a negative impact on the expected future cash flows of the financial asset;

• The credit obligation has been restructured for non-commercial reasons. ING Group has granted concessions, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, the effect of which is a reduction in the expected future cash flows of the financial asset; and

• Historical experience, updated for current events where necessary, provides evidence that a proportion of a group of assets is impaired although the related events that represent impairment triggers are not yet captured by the Group’s credit risk systems.

In certain circumstances ING grants borrowers postponement and/or reduction of loan principal and/or interest payments for a temporary period of time to maximise collection opportunities, and if possible, avoid default, foreclosure, or repossession. When such postponement and/or reduction of loan principal and/or interest payments is executed based on credit concerns it is also referred to as forbearance. In such cases, the net present value of the postponement and/or reduction of loan and/or interest payments is taken into account in the determination of the appropriate level of impairment loss as described below. If the forbearance results in a substantial modification of the terms of the loan, the original loan is derecognised and a new loan is recognised at its fair value at the modification date. The Group determines whether there has been a substantial modification using both quantitative and qualitative factors.

Losses expected as a result of future events, no matter how likely, are not recognised.

The Group first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment (a loss event/trigger) exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, and then individually or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. If the Group determines that no objective evidence of impairment (a loss event/trigger) exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment. Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is or continues to be recognised are not included in a collective assessment of impairment.

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on an asset carried at amortised cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account (Loan loss provision) and the amount of the loss is recognised in the statement of profit or loss under Addition to loan loss provision. If the asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined under the contract.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor’s credit rating), the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed by adjusting the provision. The amount of the reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

When a loan is uncollectable, it is written off against the related loan loss provision. Such loans are written off after all the necessary procedures have been completed and the amount of the loss has been determined. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Impairments on other debt instruments (Loans and held-to-maturity investments) are part of the loan loss provision as described above.

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions:

Considerable judgement is exercised in determining the extent of the loan loss provision (impairment) for financial assets assessed for impairment both individually and collectively. Judgement is exercised in management’s evaluation of whether there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on an asset has been incurred, the risk in the portfolio, current economic conditions, loss experience in recent years and credit, industry, geographical, and concentration trends. Changes in such judgements and analyses may lead to changes in the loan loss provisions over time.

ING Group estimates individual impairment provisions for individually significant financial assets that have objective evidence of impairment. The key judgement exercised in this area is determination of when an impairment event has occurred. Key assumptions in determining the amount of the individual provision are the expected future cash flows from the financial asset in question.

For the purposes of a collective evaluation of impairment, financial assets are grouped on the basis of similar credit risk characteristics. Those characteristics are relevant to the estimation of future cash flows for groups of such assets by being indicative of the debtors’ ability to pay all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the assets being evaluated. The collective evaluation of impairment includes the application of a loss emergence period to default probabilities (also referred to as loss identification period). The loss emergence period is a concept which recognises that there is a period of time between the emergence of impairment triggers and the point in time at which those events are captured by the Group’s credit risk systems. Accordingly, the application of the loss emergence period ensures that impairments that are incurred but not yet identified are adequately reflected in the Group’s loan loss provision. Although the loss emergence periods are inherently uncertain, the Group applies estimates to sub-portfolios (e.g. large corporations, small and medium size enterprises, and retail portfolios) that reflect factors such as the frequency with which customers in the sub-portfolio disclose credit risk sensitive information and the frequency with which they are subject to review by the Group’s account managers. Generally, the frequency increases in relation to the size of the borrower. Loss emergence periods are based on historical experience and are validated, and revised where necessary, through regular back-testing to ensure that they reflect recent experience and current events.

Expected future cash flows in a portfolio of financial assets that are collectively evaluated for impairment, are estimated on the basis of the contractual cash flows of the assets in the portfolio and historical loss experience for assets with credit risk characteristics similar to those in the portfolio. Historical loss experience is adjusted on the basis of current observable data to reflect the effects of current conditions that did not affect the period on which the historical loss experience is based and to remove the effects of conditions in the historical period that do not exist currently. Current observable data may include changes in unemployment rates, property prices, and commodity prices. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates and actual loss experience.

Reference is made to Note 6 ‘Loans and advances to customers’ and the section ‘Risk management – Credit risk’ for further details.

Impairment of available for sale financial assets

Impairment of available for sale financial assets

At each balance sheet date, the Group assesses whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. In the specific case of equity investments classified as available-for-sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered in determining whether the assets are impaired. Significant and prolonged are interpreted on a case-by-case basis for specific equity securities; generally 25% and six months are used as triggers. If any objective evidence exists for available-for-sale debt and equity investments, the cumulative loss – measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in net result – is removed from equity and recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised on equity instruments can never be reversed. If, in a subsequent period, the fair value of a debt instrument classified as available-for-sale increases and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in the statement of profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the statement of profit or loss.

Investments in associates and joint ventures

Investments in associates and joint ventures

Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control. Significant influence is the ability to participate in the financial and operating policies of the investee. It generally results from a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights or through situations including, but not limited to one or more of the following:

• Representation on the board of directors;

• Participation in the policymaking process; and

• Interchange of managerial personnel.

Joint ventures are entities over which the Group has joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control over an arrangement or entity, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. Joint control means that no party to the agreement is able to act unilaterally to control the activity of the entity. The parties to the agreement must act together to control the entity and therefore exercise the joint control.

Investments in associates and joint ventures are initially recognised at cost and subsequently accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

The Group’s investment in associates and joint ventures (net of any accumulated impairment loss) includes goodwill identified on acquisition. The Group’s share of its associates and joint ventures post-acquisition profits or losses is recognised in the statement of profit or loss, and its share of post-acquisition changes in reserves is recognised in equity. The cumulative post-acquisition changes are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in the associate or joint venture, including any long-term interests in the associate like uncollateralised loans that are neither planned nor likely to be settled in the foreseeable future, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associates and joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the associates and joint ventures. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless they provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates and joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. The reporting dates of all significant associates and joint ventures are consistent with the reporting date of the Group.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment

Property in own use

Land and buildings held for own use are stated at fair value at the balance sheet date. Increases in the carrying amount arising on revaluation of land and buildings held for own use are credited to the revaluation reserve in shareholders’ equity. Decreases in the carrying amount that offset previous increases of the same asset are charged against the revaluation reserve directly in equity; all other decreases are charged to the statement of profit or loss. Increases that reverse a revaluation decrease on the same asset previously recognised in net result are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Depreciation is recognised based on the fair value and the estimated useful life (in general 20–50 years). Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis. On disposal, the related revaluation reserve is transferred to retained earnings.

The fair values of land and buildings are based on regular appraisals by independent qualified valuers or internally, similar to appraisals of real estate investments. Subsequent expenditure is included in the asset’s carrying amount when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Equipment

Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. The cost of the assets is depreciated on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are generally as follows: for data processing equipment two to five years, and four to ten years for fixtures and fittings. Expenditure incurred on maintenance and repairs is recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred. Expenditure incurred on major improvements is capitalised and depreciated.

Disposals

The difference between the proceeds on disposal and net carrying value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss under Other income.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs incurred for the construction of any qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use. Borrowing costs are determined at the weighted average cost of capital of the project.

Leases

Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is or contains a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at inception date.

ING Group as the lessee

The leases entered into by ING Group are primarily operating leases. The total payments made under operating leases are recognised in the statement of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

When an operating lease is terminated before the lease period has expired, any penalty payment to be made to the lessor is recognised as an expense in the period in which termination takes place.

ING Group as the lessor

When assets are held subject to a finance lease, the present value of the lease payments is recognised as a receivable under Loans and advances to customers or Loans and advances to banks. The difference between the gross receivable and the present value of the receivable is unearned lease finance income. Lease income is recognised over the term of the lease using the net investment method (before tax), which reflects a constant periodic rate of return. When assets are held subject to an operating lease, the assets are included under Assets under operating leases.

Assets under operating leases

Assets leased out under operating leases in which ING Group is the lessor are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. The cost of the assets is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible assets

Acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible assets

Acquisitions and goodwill

ING Group’s acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The consideration for each acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values (at the date of exchange) of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued in exchange for control of the acquiree. Goodwill, being the difference between the cost of the acquisition (including assumed debt) and the Group’s interest in the fair value of the acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities as at the date of acquisition, is capitalised as an intangible asset. Goodwill is only capitalised on acquisitions. The results of the operations of the acquired companies are included in the statement of profit or loss from the date control is obtained.

Where applicable, the consideration for the acquisition includes any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value. Contingent consideration arrangements classified as an asset or a liability, are subsequently measured at fair value and the changes in fair value will be recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration classified as equity, are not recognised.

Where a business combination is achieved in stages, ING Group’s previously held interests in the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity are remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date ING Group obtains control) and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the statement of profit or loss, where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of. Acquisition related costs are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred and presented in the statement of profit or loss as Other operating expenses.

The initial accounting for the fair value of the net assets of the companies acquired during the year may be determined only provisionally as the determination of the fair value can be complex and the time between the acquisition and the preparation of the Financial statements can be limited. The initial accounting shall be completed within a year after acquisition. Adjustments to the fair value as at the date of acquisition of acquired assets and liabilities, that are identified within one year after acquisition are recognised as an adjustment to goodwill; any subsequent adjustment is recognised as income or expense. On disposal of group companies, the difference between the sale proceeds and carrying value (including goodwill) and the unrealised results (including the currency translation reserve in equity) is included in the statement of profit or loss.

Goodwill impairment

ING assesses at each reporting period, whether there is an indication that an intangible asset may be impaired. Irrespective of whether there is an indication of impairment, intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, including goodwill acquired in a business combination, and intangible assets not yet available for use, are tested annually for impairment. Goodwill is allocated to groups of CGUs (that is, the group of cash generating units or CGUs) for the purpose of impairment testing. These groups of CGUs represent the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. Goodwill is tested for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the group of CGUs to the recoverable amount of that group of CGUs. The carrying value is determined as the IFRS net asset value including goodwill. In compliance with IAS 36 ‘Impairment of assets’, the carrying value is determined on a basis that is consistent with the way in which the recoverable amount of the CGU is determined. When the carrying values need to be allocated between Retail and Wholesale solvency (risk-weighted assets) are used as a basis. The recoverable amount is estimated as the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Several methodologies are applied to arrive at the best estimate of the recoverable amount. Impairment of goodwill, if applicable, is included in the statement of profit or loss in Other operating expenses.

Computer software

Computer software that has been purchased or generated internally for own use is stated at cost less amortisation and any impairment losses. Amortisation is calculated on a straight-line basis over its useful life. This period will generally not exceed five years. Amortisation is included in Other operating expenses.

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets are capitalised and amortised over their expected economic life, which is generally between three and ten years. Intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortised.

Taxation

Taxation

Income tax on the result for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the statement of profit or loss but it is recognised directly in equity if the tax relates to items that are recognised directly in equity.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Deferred tax assets are recognised where it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The tax effects of income tax losses available for carry forward are recognised as an asset where it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which these losses can be utilised.

Fair value remeasurement of available-for-sale investments and cash flow hedges are recognised directly in equity. Deferred tax related to this fair value remeasurement is also recognised directly in equity and is subsequently recognised in the statement of profit or loss together with the deferred gain or loss.

Uncertain tax positions are assessed continually by ING Group and in case it is probable that there will be a cash outflow; a current tax liability is recognised.

Other assets

Other assets

Investment property

Investment properties are recognised at fair value at the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying amount resulting from revaluations are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. On disposal, the difference between the sale proceeds and carrying value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Property obtained from foreclosures

Property obtained from foreclosures is stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price, less applicable variable selling expenses. Property obtained from foreclosures is included in Other assets - Property development and obtained from foreclosures.

Property development

Property developed and under development for which ING Group has the intention to sell the property after its completion is included in Other assets – Property development and obtained from foreclosures.

Property developed and under development for which ING Group has the intention to sell the property under development after its completion and where there is not yet a specifically negotiated contract is measured at direct construction cost incurred up to the balance sheet date, including borrowing costs incurred during construction and ING Group’s own directly attributable development and supervision expenses less any impairment losses. Profit is recognised using the completed contract method (on sale date of the property). Impairment is recognised if the estimated selling price, less applicable variable selling expenses is lower than carrying value.

Property under development for which ING Group has the intention to sell the property under development after its completion and where there is a specifically negotiated contract is valued using the percentage of completion method (pro rata profit recognition). The stage of completion is measured by reference to costs incurred to date as percentage of total estimated costs for each contract.

Property under development is stated at fair value (with changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss) if ING Group has the intention to recognise the property under development after completion as real estate investments.

Disposal groups held for sale and discontinued operations

Disposal groups held for sale and discontinued operations

Disposal groups (and groups of non-current assets) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This is only the case when the sale is highly probable and the disposal group (or group of assets) is available for immediate sale in its present condition; management must be committed to the sale, which is expected to occur within one year from the date of classification as held for sale.

Upon classification as held for sale, the carrying amount of the disposal group (or group of assets) is compared to its fair value less cost to sell. If the fair value less cost to sell is lower than the carrying value, this expected loss is recognised through a reduction of the carrying value of any goodwill related to the disposal group and the carrying value of certain other non-current non-financial assets. Any excess of the expected loss over the reduction of the carrying amount of these relevant assets is not recognised upon classification as held for sale, but is recognised as part of the result on disposal if and when a divestment transaction occurs.

When a group of assets that is classified as held for sale represents a major line of business or geographical area the disposal group is classified as discontinued operations. Upon classification of a business as held for sale and discontinued operations the individual income and expenses are presented within the Total net result from discontinued operations instead of being presented in the usual line items in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss. All comparative years in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss are restated and presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Furthermore, the individual assets and liabilities are presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position as Assets and liabilities held for sale and are no longer included in the usual line items in the Consolidated statement of financial position. Changes in assets and liabilities as a result of classification as held for sale are included in the notes in the line Changes in composition of the group and other changes.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

A provision is a present obligation arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits, however the timing or the amount is uncertain. Provisions are discounted when the effect of the time value of money is significant using a pre-tax discount rate.

Reorganisation provisions include employee termination benefits when the Group is demonstrably committed to either terminating the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without possibility of withdrawal, or providing termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.

A liability is recognised for a levy when the activity that triggers payment, as identified by the relevant legislation, occurs. For a levy that is triggered upon reaching a minimum threshold, the liability is recognised only upon reaching the specified minimum threshold.

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of ING Group; or a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because it is either not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured reliably. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the statement of financial position, but are rather disclosed in the notes unless the possibility of the outflow of economic benefits is remote.

A contingent asset is a possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of ING Group. Contingent assets are recognised in the statement of financial position only when realisation of the income that arises from such an asset is virtually certain. Contingent assets are disclosed in the notes when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

Significant judgements and critical accounting estimates and assumptions:

The recognition and measurement of provisions is an inherently uncertain process involving using judgement to determine when a present obligation exists and estimates regarding probability, amounts and timing of cash flows.

ING Group may become involved in legal proceedings. The degree of uncertainty and the method of making the accounting estimate depends on the individual case, its nature and complexity. Legal cases are usually one of a kind. Judgment is required to estimate the probability of an unfavourable outcome and the amount of potential loss. For the assessment of litigation provisions the Group consults with legal experts. Even taking into consideration legal experts’ advice, the probability of an outflow of economic benefits can still be uncertain and the amount provisioned can remain sensitive to the assumptions used which may have a broad range of outcomes. Reference is made to Note 14 ‘Provisions’. For legal proceedings where it is not possible to make a reliable estimate of the expected financial effect, that could result from the ultimate resolution of the proceedings, no provision is recognised, however disclosure is included in the financial statements. Reference is made to Note 45 ‘Legal proceedings’.

Key assumptions for the reorganisation provision are in estimating the amounts and timing of cash flows as the announced transformation initiatives are implemented over a period of several years. Reference is made to Note 14 ‘Provisions’.

Other liabilities

Other liabilities

Defined benefit plans

The net defined benefit asset or liability recognised in the statement of financial position in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the fair value of the plan assets less the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date.

Plan assets are measured at fair value at the balance sheet date. For determining the pension expense, the return on plan assets is determined using a high quality corporate bond rate identical to the discount rate used in determining the defined benefit obligation.

Changes in plan assets that effect Shareholders’ equity and/or Net result, include mainly:

• return on plan assets using a high quality corporate bond rate at the start of the reporting period which are recognised as staff costs in the statement of profit or loss; and

• remeasurements which are recognised in Other comprehensive income (equity).

The defined benefit obligation is calculated by internal and external actuaries through actuarial models and calculations using the projected unit credit method. This method considers expected future payments required to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods, discounted using a high quality corporate bond rate. Inherent in these actuarial models are assumptions including discount rates, rates of increase in future salary and benefit levels, mortality rates, trend rates in health care costs, consumer price index and the expected level of indexation. The assumptions are based on available market data as well as management expectations and are updated regularly. The actuarial assumptions may differ significantly from the actual results due to changes in market conditions, economic and mortality trends, and other assumptions. Any changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the defined benefit plan obligation and future pension costs.

Changes in the defined benefit obligation that effects Shareholders’ equity and/or Net result, include mainly:

• Service cost which are recognised as staff costs in the statement of profit or loss;

• Interest expenses using a high quality corporate bond rate at the start of the period which are recognised as staff costs in the Statement of profit or loss; and

• Remeasurements which are recognised in Other comprehensive income (equity).

Remeasurements recognised in other comprehensive income are not recycled to profit or loss. Any past service cost relating to a plan amendment is recognised in profit or loss in the period of the plan amendment. Gains and losses on curtailments and settlements are recognised in the statement of profit or loss when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

The recognition of a net defined benefit asset in the consolidated statement of financial position is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

Defined contribution plans

For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as staff expenses in the profit or loss when they are due. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

Other post-employment obligations

Some group companies provide post-employment healthcare and other benefits to certain employees and former employees. The entitlement to these benefits is usually conditional on the employee remaining in service up to retirement age and the completion of a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the period of employment using an accounting methodology similar to that for defined benefit pension plans.

Income recognition

Income recognition

Interest

Interest income and expense are recognised in the statement of profit or loss using the effective interest method. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or a financial liability and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Group estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment options) but does not consider future credit losses. The calculation includes all fees and points paid or received between parties to the contract that are an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and all other premiums or discounts. Once a financial asset or a group of similar financial assets has been written down as a result of an impairment loss, interest income is recognised using the rate of interest used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss.

All interest income and expenses from trading positions and non-trading derivatives are classified as interest income and interest expenses in the statement of profit or loss. Changes in the ‘clean fair value’ are included in Valuation results and net trading income.

Fees and commissions

Fees and commissions are generally recognised as the service is provided. Loan commitment fees for loans that are likely to be drawn down are deferred (together with related direct costs) and recognised as an adjustment to the effective interest rate on the loan. Loan syndication fees are recognised as income when the syndication has been completed and the Group has retained no part of the loan package for itself or has retained a part at the same effective interest rate as the other participants. Commission and fees arising from negotiating, or participating in the negotiation of, a transaction for a third party – such as the arrangement of the acquisition of shares or other securities or the purchase or sale of businesses – are recognised on completion of the underlying transaction. Portfolio and other management advisory and service fees are recognised based on the applicable service contracts as the service is provided. Asset management fees related to investment funds and investment contract fees are recognised on a pro-rata basis over the period the service is provided. The same principle is applied for wealth management, financial planning and custody services that are continuously provided over an extended period of time. Fees received and paid between banks for payment services are classified as commission income and expenses.

Lease income

The proceeds from leasing out assets under operating leases are recognised on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease agreement. Lease payments received in respect of finance leases when ING Group is the lessor are divided into an interest component (recognised as interest income) and a repayment component.

Expense recognition

Expense recognition

Expenses are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as incurred or when a decrease in future economic benefits related to a decrease in an asset or an increase in a liability has arisen that can be measured reliably.

Share-based payments

Share-based payment expenses are recognised as a staff expense over the vesting period. A corresponding increase in equity is recognised for equity-settled share-based payment transactions. A liability is recognised for cash-settled share-based payment transactions. The fair value of equity-settled share-based payment transactions are measured at the grant date, and the fair value of cash-settled share-based payment transactions are measured at each balance sheet date. Rights granted will remain valid until the expiry date, even if the share based payment scheme is discontinued. The rights are subject to certain conditions, including a pre-determined continuous period of service.

Earnings per ordinary share

Earnings per ordinary share

Earnings per ordinary share is calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding. In calculating the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding:

• Own shares held by group companies are deducted from the total number of ordinary shares in issue;

• The computation is based on daily averages; and

• In case of exercised warrants, the exercise date is taken into consideration.

The non-voting equity securities are not ordinary shares, because their terms and conditions (especially with regard to coupons and voting rights) are significantly different. Therefore, the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period is not impacted by the non-voting equity securities.

Diluted earnings per share data are computed as if all convertible instruments outstanding at year-end were exercised at the beginning of the period. It is also assumed that ING Group uses the assumed proceeds thus received to buy its own shares against the average market price in the financial year. The net increase in the number of shares resulting from the exercise is added to the average number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share.

Share options with fixed or determinable terms are treated as options in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, even though they may be contingent on vesting. They are treated as outstanding on the grant date. Performance-based employee share options are treated as contingently issuable shares because their issue is contingent upon satisfying specified conditions in addition to the passage of time.

Statement of cash flows

Statement of cash flows

The statement of cash flows is prepared in accordance with the indirect method, classifying cash flows as cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. In the net cash flow from operating activities, the result before tax is adjusted for those items in the statement of profit or loss and changes in items per the statement of financial position, which do not result in actual cash flows during the year.

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, Cash and cash equivalents comprise balances with less than three months’ maturity from the date of acquisition, including cash and balances with central banks, treasury bills and other eligible bills, amounts due from other banks, and deposits from banks. Investments qualify as a cash equivalent if they are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Cash flows arising from foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of the cash flows.

The net cash flow shown in respect of Loans and advances to customers relates only to transactions involving actual payments or receipts. The Addition to loan loss provision which is deducted from the item Loans and advances to customers in the statement of financial position has been adjusted accordingly from the result before tax and is shown separately in the statement of cash flows.

The difference between the net cash flow in accordance with the statement of cash flows and the change in Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position is due to exchange rate differences and is accounted for separately as part of the reconciliation of the net cash flow and the change in Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position.

Liabilities arising from financing activities are debt securities and subordinated loans.

XML

Accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Estimated IFRS 9 transition impact impairments as at 1 January 2018

Estimated IFRS 9 transition impact impairments as at 1 January 2018¹

In billions of euros	IAS 39 LLP		IFRS 9 impairment stages	Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase			Estimated IFRS 9 ECL
Incurred but Not Reported (IBNR)		0.7	Stage 1 – 12 month ECL		0.1			0.4
			Stage 2 – Lifetime ECL		0.5			0.9
Individual provisions (ISFA, INSFA)		3.9	Stage 3 – Lifetime ECL		0.0	2		3.9
Total		4.6	Total		0.6			5.2

1 Includes provisions for contingent liabilities

2 The change for Stage 3 financial assets is rounded.

Estimated impact of adopting IFRS on shareholders' equity at 1 January 2018

Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders’ equity as at 1 January 2018

In billions of euros	Estimated impact on shareholders’ equity
Loan loss provisions1		–0.4
Investment portfolio2		–0.6
Mortgages held in HtC&S portfolio3		0.2
Other4		–0.1
Total impact		–0.9

1 The EUR -0.4 billion is, the post-tax impact on equity of the estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase amounting to EUR 0.6 billion. The capital impact is for the AIRB portfolios, offset by the release of expected loss elements currently included in the calculation of regulatory capital per 31 December 2017.

2 Main impact of approximately EUR -0.6 billion from the reclassification of a part of the investment portfolio from the AFS (FVOCI) debt securities under IAS 39 to the HtC portfolio (AC) under IFRS 9.

3 A portfolio of mortgages will be measured at FVOCI under IFRS 9 instead of AC under IAS 39 resulting in an impact of approximate EUR 0.2 billion impact on CET1 capital.

4 This item mainly relates to the estimated impact of reporting loans and debt instruments at fair value through the SOPL because the cash flows of these assets do not represent SPPI.

Reconciliation Shareholders' Equity under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB

Reconciliation shareholders’ equity under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB
	Total Equity
	2017		2016		2015
In accordance with IFRS-EU		50,406		49,793		47,832
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out		–2,655		–3,472		–3,883
Tax effect of the adjustment		678		936		1,023
Effect of adjustment after tax		–1,977		–2,536		–2,860
Shareholders’ equity		48,429		47,257		44,972
Non-voting equity securities
Non-controlling interests		715		606		638
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total Equity		49,144		47,863		45,610

Reconciliation Net Result under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB

Reconciliation net result under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB
	Net result
	2017		2016		2015
In accordance with IFRS-EU		4,905		4,651		4,010
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out		817		411		1,205
Tax effect of the adjustment		–258		–87		–289
Effect of adjustment after tax		559		324		916
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)		5,464		4,975		4,926
Non-controlling interests		82		75		408
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total net result		5,546		5,050		5,334

XML

Cash and balances with central banks (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Cash and Balances with Central Banks

Cash and balances with central banks
	2017		2016
Amounts held at central banks		19,687		16,408
Cash and bank balances		2,302		1,736
		21,989		18,144

XML

Loans and advances to banks (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Loans and Advances to Banks

Loans and advances to banks
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Loans		7,899		10,381		20,916		18,483		28,815		28,864
Cash advances, overdrafts and other balances		1		3		3		2		4		5
		7,900		10,384		20,919		18,485		28,819		28,869
Loan loss provisions		–1				–7		–11		–8		–11
		7,899		10,384		20,912		18,474		28,811		28,858

XML

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
	2017		2016
Trading assets		116,748		114,504
Non-trading derivatives		2,231		2,490
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4,242		5,099
		123,221		122,093

Summary of Trading Assets

Trading assets

Trading assets by type
	2017		2016
Equity securities		13,666		9,513
Debt securities		7,477		9,863
Derivatives		27,444		38,231
Loans and receivables		68,161		56,897
		116,748		114,504

Summary of Non-Trading Derivatives

Non-trading derivatives

Non-trading derivatives by type
	2017		2016
Derivatives used in
– fair value hedges		542		787
– cash flow hedges		617		438
– hedges of net investments in foreign operations		29		73
Other non-trading derivatives		1,043		1,192
		2,231		2,490

Designated as at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

Designated at fair value through profit or loss by type
	2017		2016
Equity securities		4		3
Debt securities		1,739		1,669
Loans and receivables		2,499		3,427
		4,242		5,099

XML

Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Investments by Type

Investments by type
	2017		2016
Available-for-sale
– equity securities - shares in third party managed structured entities		168		170
– equity securities - other		3,815		3,854
		3,983		4,024
– debt securities		65,747		78,888
		69,730		82,912
Held-to-maturity
– debt securities		9,343		8,751
		9,343		8,751
		79,073		91,663

Available-for-Sale Equity Securities - Listed and Unlisted

Available-for-sale equity securities - Listed and Unlisted
	2017		2016
Listed		3,518		3,539
Unlisted		465		485
		3,983		4,024

Summary of Debt Securities

ING Group’s exposure to debt securities is included in the following lines in the statement of financial position:

Debt securities
	2017		2016
Available-for-sale investments		65,747		78,888
Held-to-maturity investments		9,343		8,751
Loans and advances to customers		5,099		7,471
Loans and advances to banks		265		952
Available-for-sale investments and Assets at amortised cost		80,454		96,062
Trading assets		7,477		9,863
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss		1,739		1,669
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		9,216		11,532
		89,670		107,594

Debt Securities by Type and Line Items per Statement of Financial position - Available-for-Sale Investments and Assets at Amortised Cost

ING Group’s total exposure to debt securities included in available-for-sale investments and assets at amortised cost of EUR 80,454 million (2016: EUR 96,062 million) is specified as follows by type of exposure:

Debt securities by type and line items per the statement of financial position - Available-for-sale investments and Assets at amortised cost
	Available-for-sale investments				Held-to-maturity investments				Loans and advances to customers				Loans and advances to banks				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Government bonds		34,844		41,985		7,462		6,688		828		858						43,134		49,531
Sub-sovereign, Supranationals and Agencies		17,215		20,484		1,255		1,613		245		267						18,715		22,364
Covered bonds		8,737		11,297		100		100		418		1,820		154		882		9,409		14,099
Corporate bonds		1,284		1,345						970		791						2,254		2,136
Financial institutions’ bonds		1,701		2,020		311				429		351		107		70		2,548		2,441
ABS portfolio		1,966		1,757		215		350		2,209		3,384		4				4,394		5,491
Bond portfolio		65,747		78,888		9,343		8,751		5,099		7,471		265		952		80,454		96,062

Changes in Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Investments

Changes in available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments

Changes in available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments
	Available-for-sale equity securities				Available-for-sale debt securities				Held-to-maturity				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		4,024		4,434		78,888		82,566		8,751		7,826		91,663		94,826
Additions		325		80		21,276		27,073		3,609		1,731		25,210		28,884
Amortisation						–146		–144		–46		–87		–192		–231
Transfers and reclassifications		7		–92										7		–92
Changes in unrealised revaluations1		21		363		–1,030		–102		–64		–70		–1,073		191
Impairments		–6		–13										–6		–13
Reversal of impairments						3								3
Disposals and redemptions		–79		–682		–32,709		–30,483		–2,675		–630		–35,463		–31,795
Exchange rate differences		–308		–72		–535		–16		–232		–19		–1,075		–107
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		–1		6				–6						–1
Closing balance		3,983		4,024		65,747		78,888		9,343		8,751		79,073		91,663

1 Changes in unrealised revaluations include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss

XML

Loans and advances to customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Loans and Advances to Customers

Loans and advances to customers by type
	Netherlands1				International1				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities		26,975		27,746		19,397		18,634		46,372		46,380
Loans secured by mortgages		119,457		124,001		204,502		194,706		323,959		318,707
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions		257		201		1,722		944		1,979		1,145
Personal lending		3,162		3,236		20,074		18,722		23,236		21,958
Asset backed securities						2,209		3,380		2,209		3,380
Corporate loans		38,208		39,670		140,461		134,092		178,669		173,762
		188,059		194,854		388,365		370,478		576,424		565,332
Loan loss provisions		–1,693		–2,349		–2,822		–2,829		–4,515		–5,178
		186,366		192,505		385,543		367,649		571,909		560,154

1 In 2017, Loans and advances to customers by type as at 31 December 2016 have been restated to conform to current year presentation.

Summary of Loans and Advances to Customers by Subordination

Loans and advances to customers by subordination
	2017		2016
Non-subordinated		571,429		558,857
Subordinated		480		1,297
		571,909		560,154

DisclosureOfLoansAndAdvancesToCustomersBySubordinationExplanatory

Finance lease receivables
	2017		2016
Maturities of gross investment in finance lease receivables
– within 1 year		2,729		2,492
– more than 1 year but less than 5 years		6,215		6,282
– more than 5 years		2,897		3,114
		11,841		11,888
Unearned future finance income on finance leases		–1,082		–1,254
Net investment in finance leases		10,759		10,634
Maturities of net investment in finance lease receivables
– within 1 year		2,474		2,210
– more than 1 year but less than 5 years		5,652		5,635
– more than 5 years		2,633		2,789
		10,759		10,634
Included in Loans and advances to banks		65		88
Included in Loans and advances to customers		10,694		10,546
		10,759		10,634

Summary of Loan Loss Provisions

Loan loss provisions by type
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities						3		7		3		7
Loans secured by mortgages		347		550		526		638		873		1,188
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions		2		2		7		12		9		14
Personal lending		118		122		746		620		864		742
Asset backed securities						9		2		9		2
Corporate loans and Credit Facilities		1,268		1,738		1,602		1,617		2,870		3,355
		1,735		2,412		2,893		2,896		4,628		5,308
The closing balance is included in
– Loans and advances to banks		1				7		11		8		11
– Loans and advances to customers		1,693		2,349		2,822		2,829		4,515		5,178
– Other provisions other		41		63		64		56		105		119
		1,735		2,412		2,893		2,896		4,628		5,308

Summary of Changes in Loan Loss Provisions

Changes in loan loss provisions
	2017		2016
Opening balance		5,308		5,786
Write-offs		–1,279		–1,494
Recoveries		59		94
Increase in loan loss provisions		676		974
Exchange rate differences		–136		–55
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes				3
Closing balance		4,628		5,308

XML

Investments in associates and joint ventures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures

7 Investments in associates and joint ventures

Investments in associates and joint ventures
2017	Interest held (%)		Fair value of listed investment		Balance sheet value		Total assets		Total liabilities		Total income		Total expenses
TMB Public Company Limited		30		1,006		877		21,251		19,004		711		507
Other investments in associates and joint ventures						211
						1,088

Investments in associates and joint ventures
2016	Interest held (%)		Fair value of listed investment		Balance sheet value		Total assets		Total liabilities		Total income		Total expenses
TMB Public Company Limited		30		729		861		21,439		19,275		685		489
Other investments in associates and joint ventures						280
						1,141

Summary of Changes in Investments in Associates and Joint ventures

Changes in Investments in associates and joint ventures
	2017		2016
Opening balance		1,141		962
Additions		79		49
Transfers to and from Investments/Other assets and liabilities		–1		75
Revaluations		–8		38
Share of results		178		91
Dividends received		–32		–37
Disposals		–245		–54
Impairments				–3
Exchange rate differences		–24		20
Closing balance		1,088		1,141

XML

Property and equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment by type
	2017		2016
Property in own use		774		881
Equipment		917		1,015
Assets under operating leases		110		106
		1,801		2,002

Schedule of Changes in Property in Own Use

Changes in property in own use
	2017		2016
Opening balance		881		982
Additions		5		9
Reclassifications
- Transfers to and from Investment properties				8
		–		8
Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year
- Depreciation		–13		–15
- Impairments		–8		–64
- Reversal of impairments		24		5
		3		–74
Revaluations recognised in equity during the year		42		11
Disposals		–145		–38
Exchange rate differences		–12		–17
Closing balance		774		881
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		1,324		1,656
Accumulated depreciation as at 31 December		–376		–504
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December		–174		–271
Net carrying value as at 31 December		774		881
Revaluation surplus
Opening balance		256		273
Revaluation in the year		23		–17
Closing balance		279		256

Schedule of Changes in Equipment

Changes in equipment
	Data processing equipment				Fixtures and fittings and other equipment				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		323		263		692		708		1,015		971
Additions		129		161		130		181		259		342
Disposals		–1		–5		–12		–20		–13		–25
Depreciation		–133		–137		–174		–178		–307		–315
Impairments						–2				–2
Exchange rate differences		–8		–5		–5		–5		–13		–10
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		–19		46		–3		6		–22		52
Closing balance		291		323		626		692		917		1,015
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		1,275		1,274		2,249		2,432		3,524		3,706
Accumulated depreciation as at 31 December		–983		–950		–1,623		–1,740		–2,606		–2,690
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December		–1		–1						–1		–1
Net carrying value as at 31 December		291		323		626		692		917		1,015

XML

Intangible assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Intangible Assets

Changes in intangible assets
	Goodwill				Software				Other				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		903		985		571		567		10		15		1,484		1,567
Additions						72		93						72		93
Capitalised expenses						192		195						192		195
Amortisation						–173		–182		–6		–5		–179		–187
Impairments						–30		–45						–30		–45
Exchange rate differences		–87		–82				–1						–87		–83
Disposals						–9		–9						–9		–9
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes						25		–47		1				26		–47
Closing balance		816		903		648		571		5		10		1,469		1,484
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		816		903		1,902		1,756		30		29		2,748		2,688
Accumulated amortisation as at 31 December						–1,225		–1,147		–23		–17		–1,248		–1,164
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December						–29		–38		–2		–2		–31		–40
Net carrying value as at 31 December		816		903		648		571		5		10		1,469		1,484

Schedule of Goodwill Allocation to Group of CGUs

Goodwill allocation to group of CGUs
	Method used for recoverable amount		Discount rate			Long term growth rate			Goodwill		Goodwill
Group of CGU’s									2017		2016
Retail Belgium		Values in use		8.95	%		1.30	%		50		50
Retail Germany		Values in use		8.10	%		1.30	%		349		349
Retail Growth Markets1,		Fair value less cost of disposal		–			–			307		375
Wholesale Banking1		Values in use		9.54	%		2.12	%		110		129
										816		903

1 Goodwill related to Growth Countries is allocated across two groups of CGUs EUR 307 million to Retail Growth Markets and EUR 90 million to Wholesale Banking (2016: EUR 375 million to Retail Growth Markets and EUR 109 million to Wholesale Banking). The fair value less cost of disposal is based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs.

XML

Other assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets

Other assets by type
	2017		2016
Net defined benefit assets		542		609
Investment properties		65		65
Property development and obtained from foreclosures		137		184
Accrued interest and rents		4,528		5,588
Other accrued assets		753		884
Amounts to be settled		4,097		4,815
Other		2,965		2,577
		13,087		14,722

Schedule of Property Development and Obtained from Foreclosures

Property development and obtained from foreclosures

Property development and obtained from foreclosures
	2017		2016
Property developed		63		109
Property obtained from foreclosures		74		75
		137		184
Gross carrying amount as at 31 December		417		469
Accumulated impairments as at 31 December		–280		–285
Net carrying value		137		184

XML

Deposits from banks (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Deposits from Banks by Type

Deposits from banks by type
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Non-interest bearing		181				363		449		544		449
Interest bearing		17,230		13,778		19,047		17,737		36,277		31,515
		17,411		13,778		19,410		18,186		36,821		31,964

XML

Customer deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Customer Deposits

Customer deposits
	2017		2016
Savings accounts		319,688		315,663
Credit balances on customer accounts		186,316		173,230
Corporate deposits		32,602		32,687
Other		1,222		1,328
		539,828		522,908

Schedule of Customer Deposits by Type

Customer deposits by type
	Netherlands				International				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Non-interest bearing		15,910		13,536		21,688		16,911		37,598		30,447
Interest bearing		151,302		151,446		350,928		341,015		502,230		492,461
		167,212		164,982		372,616		357,926		539,828		522,908

XML

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Financial Liabilities at Fair Value through Profit or Loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
	2017		2016
Trading liabilities		73,596		83,167
Non-trading derivatives		2,331		3,541
Designated at fair value through profit or loss		11,215		12,266
		87,142		98,974

Schedule of Trading Liabilities by Type

Trading liabilities by type
	2017		2016
Equity securities		601		1,975
Debt securities		5,126		4,146
Funds on deposit		41,956		37,753
Derivatives		25,913		39,293
		73,596		83,167

Summary of Non-trading Derivatives by Type

Non-trading derivatives

Non-trading derivatives by type
	2017		2016
Derivatives used in:
– fair value hedges		317		672
– cash flow hedges		339		671
– hedges of net investments in foreign operations		71		33
Other non-trading derivatives		1,604		2,165
		2,331		3,541

Summary of Designated as at Fair Value through Profit or Loss by Type

Designated as at fair value through profit or loss by type
	2017		2016
Debt securities		8,985		10,736
Funds entrusted		1,691		969
Subordinated liabilities		539		561
		11,215		12,266

XML

Provisions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Provisions by Type

Provisions by type
	2017		2016
Reorganisation provisions		1,097		1,482
Other provisions		616		546
		1,713		2,028

Summary of Changes in Reorganisation Provisions

Changes in reorganisation provisions
	2017		2016
Opening balance		1,482		670
Additions		53		1,202
Unused amounts reversed		–58		–13
Utilised		–369		–365
Exchange rate differences		–1		–5
Other changes		–10		–7
Closing balance		1,097		1,482

Summary of Changes in Other Provisions

Changes in other provisions
	Litigation				Other				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		353		187		193		107		546		294
Additions		186		235		135		120		321		355
Unused amounts reversed		–90		–46		–73		–6		–163		–52
Utilised		–82		–28		–23		–19		–105		–47
Exchange rate differences		–3		–1		–8		–1		–11		–2
Other changes		1		6		27		–8		28		–2
Closing balance		365		353		251		193		616		546

XML

Other liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Other Liabilities

Other liabilities by type
	2017		2016
Net defined benefit liability		476		521
Other post-employment benefits		87		87
Other staff-related liabilities		504		498
Other taxation and social security contributions		479		495
Accrued interest		3,606		4,394
Costs payable		2,599		2,242
Share-based payment plan liabilities		23		26
Amounts to be settled		5,017		6,391
Other		3,273		2,198
		16,064		16,852

XML

Debt securities in issue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Maturities of Debt Securities in Issue

The maturities of the debt securities are as follows:

Debt securities in issue – maturities
	2017		2016
Fixed rate debt securities
Within 1 year		29,296		27,208
More than 1 year but less than 2 years		7,084		12,151
More than 2 years but less than 3 years		7,629		7,365
More than 3 years but less than 4 years		8,369		7,893
More than 4 years but less than 5 years		5,411		8,674
More than 5 years		9,159		14,716
Total fixed rate debt securities		66,948		78,007
Floating rate debt securities
Within 1 year		15,091		13,278
More than 1 year but less than 2 years		3,932		2,724
More than 2 years but less than 3 years		1,341		4,168
More than 3 years but less than 4 years		278		793
More than 4 years but less than 5 years		3,673		320
More than 5 years		4,823		3,944
Total floating rate debt securities		29,138		25,227
Total debt securities		96,086		103,234

XML

Subordinated loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Subordinated Loans by Group Companies

Subordinated loans by group companies
	2017		2016
ING Groep N.V.		8,253		7,203
ING Group companies		7,715		10,020
		15,968		17,223

Schedule of Changes in Subordinated Loans

Changes in subordinated loans
	2017		2016
Opening balance		17,223		16,411
New issuances		2,331		2,070
Repayments		–2,343		–1,252
Exchange rate differences and other		–1,243		–6
Closing balance		15,968		17,223

XML

Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Equity

Total equity
	2017		2016		2015
Share capital and share premium
– Share capital		39		39		928
– Share premium		17,006		16,950		16,054
		17,045		16,989		16,982
Other reserves
– Revaluation reserve: Available-for-sale and other		3,447		3,830		3,896
– Revaluation reserve: Cash flow hedge		263		777		666
– Revaluation reserve: Property in own use		203		204		326
– Net defined benefit asset/liability remeasurement reserve		–400		–371		–306
– Currency translation reserve		–1,663		–770		–538
– Share of associates and joint ventures and other		2,527		2,235		1,733
– Treasury shares		–15		–8		–18
		4,362		5,897		5,759
Retained earnings		27,022		24,371		22,231
Shareholders’ equity (parent)		48,429		47,257		44,972
Non-controlling interests		715		606		638
Total equity		49,144		47,863		45,610

Schedule of Share Capital

Share capital
	Ordinary shares (par value EUR 0.01)
	Number x 1,000						Amount
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Authorised share capital		14,729,000		14,729,000		14,500,000		147		147		3,480
Unissued share capital		10,843,210		10,850,516		10,629,817		108		108		2,552
Issued share capital		3,885,790		3,878,484		3,870,183		39		39		928

Changes in Issued Share Capital

Changes in issued share capital
	Ordinary shares (par value EUR 0.01)
	Number x 1,000		Amount
Issued share capital as at 1 January 2015		3,858,862		925
Issue of shares		11,321		3
Issued share capital as at 31 December 2015		3,870,183		928
Issue of shares		8,301		2
Transfer to share premium				–891
Issued share capital as at 31 December 2016		3,878,484		39
Issue of shares		7,306
Issued share capital as at 31 December 2017		3,885,790		39

Schedule of Share Premium

Share premium
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		16,950		16,054		16,046
Issue of shares		56		5		8
Transfer from issued share capital				891
Closing balance		17,006		16,950		16,054

Schedule of Changes in Revaluation Reserve Available-for-Sale and Other

Changes in revaluation reserve: Available-for-sale and other
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		3,830		3,896		6,838
Unrealised revaluations		–293		80		1,188
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		–90		–146		–94
Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC						–254
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						–2,940
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–855
Changes in composition of the group and other changes						13
Closing balance		3,447		3,830		3,896

Schedule of Changes in Revaluation Reserve Cash Flow Hedge

Changes in revaluation reserve: Cash flow hedge
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		777		666		3,877
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		–514		111		–65
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						–2,507
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–649
Changes in composition of the group and other changes						10
Closing balance		263		777		666

Schedule of Changes in Revaluation Reserve Property in Own Use

Changes in revaluation reserve: Property in own use
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		204		326		306
Unrealised revaluations		25		5		38
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						–9
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–3
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		–26		–127		–6
Closing balance		203		204		326

Schedule of Changes in Currency Translation Reserve

Changes in currency translation reserve
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		–770		–538		–741
Unrealised revaluations		192		–76		–263
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group						26
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						8
Exchange rate differences		–1,085		–156		432
Closing balance		–1,663		–770		–538

Schedule of Share of Associates Joint Ventures and other Reserves

Changes in share of associates, joint ventures and other reserves
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		2,235		1,733		1,483
Result for the year		153		124		131
Transfer to/from retained earnings		139		265
Changes in composition of the group and other changes				113		119
Closing balance		2,527		2,235		1,733

Schedule of Changes in Treasury Shares

Changes in treasury shares
	Amount						Number
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		–8		–18		–46		600,634		1,464,025		4,302,122
Purchased/sold		–7		10		28		343,623		–863,391		–2,810,775
Share-based payments												–27,322
Closing balance		–15		–8		–18		944,257		600,634		1,464,025

Schedule of Changes in Retained Earnings

Changes in retained earnings
	2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		24,371		22,231		19,370
Transfer to/from share of associates and joint ventures reserves		–139		–265
Result for the year		5,311		4,851		4,795
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group						–258
Dividend		–2,564		–2,521		–1,393
Coupon on Undated subordinated notes issued by NN Group						–19
Employee stock options and share plans		21		75		105
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		22				–369
Closing balance		27,022		24,371		22,231

Non-distributable reserves

Non distributable reserves, determined in accordance with the financial reporting requirements included in Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code, from ING Group’s subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are as follows:

Non-distributable reserves
	2017		2016		2015
ING Bank		7,603		7,310		6,824
Other		75		69
Non-distributable reserves		7,678		7,379		6,824

XML

Net interest income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Net Interest Income

Net interest income
	2017		2016		2015
Interest income on loans		18,284		18,407		19,185
Interest income on impaired loans		54		69		42
Negative interest on liabilities		500		175		64
Total interest income on loans		18,838		18,651		19,291
Interest income on available-for-sale securities		1,340		1,659		1,785
Interest income on held-to-maturity securities		154		97		101
Interest income on trading derivatives		16,108		16,081		17,130
Interest income on other trading portfolio		1,028		728		677
Interest income on non-trading derivatives (no hedge accounting)		594		623		788
Interest income on non-trading derivatives (hedge accounting)		5,690		6,213		6,394
Other interest income		138		130		155
Interest income		43,890		44,182		46,321
Interest expense on deposits from banks		301		283		302
Interest expense on customer deposits		2,664		3,160		4,177
Interest expense on debt securities		2,054		2,290		2,535
Interest expense on subordinated loans		784		816		901
Interest expense on trading derivatives		16,117		16,263		17,405
Interest expense on other trading liabilities		744		210		207
Interest expense on non-trading derivatives (no hedge accounting)		895		652		652
Interest expense on non-trading derivatives (hedge accounting)		5,946		6,720		7,181
Other interest expense		331		363		360
Negative interest on assets		407		184		40
Interest expense		30,243		30,941		33,760
Net interest income		13,647		13,241		12,561

XML

Net commission income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Fee and Commission Income

Fee and commission income
	2017		2016		2015
Funds transfer		1,172		1,103		1,014
Securities business		532		497		570
Insurance broking		176		181		185
Asset management fees		116		91		74
Brokerage and advisory fees		548		477		436
Other		1,321		1,232		1,132
		3,865		3,581		3,411

Schedule of Fee and Commission Expense

Fee and commission expenses
	2017		2016		2015
Funds transfer		437		403		385
Securities business		150		166		158
Insurance broking		4		8		18
Asset management fees		5		5		2
Brokerage and advisory fees		192		166		140
Other		367		400		390
		1,155		1,148		1,093

XML

Valuation results and net trading income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Valuation Results and Net Trading Income

Valuation results and net trading income
	2017		2016		2015
Securities trading results		656		–369		1,352
Derivatives trading results		59		706		600
Change in fair value of derivatives relating to
– fair value hedges		–184		–170		81
– cash flow hedges (ineffective portion)		44		–16		31
– other non-trading derivatives		–301		2,103		830
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities (hedged items)		91		244		–67
Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (excluding trading)		–56		–79		372
Foreign exchange transactions results		1,194		–898		–820
Other		9		24		66
		1,512		1,545		2,445

XML

Investment income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Investment Income

Investment income
	2017		2016		2015
Dividend income		80		87		63
Realised gains/losses on disposal of debt securities		64		107		123
Impairments of available-for-sale debt securities						–17
Reversal of impairments of available-for-sale debt securities		3
Realised gains/losses and impairments of debt securities		67		107		106
Realised gains/losses on disposal of equity securities		48		236		67
Impairments of available-for-sale equity securities		–6		–13		–117
Realised gains/losses and impairments of equity securities		42		223		–50
Income from and fair value gains/losses on investment properties		3		4		4
Investment income		192		421		123

Summary of Impairments and Reversals of Impairment on Investments per Segment

Impairments and reversals of impairment on investments per segment

Impairments

Reversal of impairments

2017

2016

2015

2017

2016

2015

Retail Belgium

–5

Wholesale Banking

–5

–8

–129

3

Corporate Line Banking

–1

–5

–6

–13

–134

3

–

–

XML

Result on disposal of group companies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Result on Disposal of Group Companies

Result on disposal of group companies
	2017		2016		2015
Baring Private Equity Partners		1		1		7
ING Lease UK						–5
		1		1		2

XML

Staff expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Staff Expenses

Staff expenses
	2017		2016		2015
Salaries		3,273		3,224		3,221
Pension costs and other staff-related benefit costs		381		344		275
Social security costs		499		512		514
Share-based compensation arrangements		74		75		76
External employees		716		636		634
Education		76		70		68
Other staff costs		183		178		184
		5,202		5,039		4,972

Summary of Number of Employees

Number of employees
	Netherlands						International						Total
	2017		2016		20151		2017		2016		20151		2017		2016		20151
Continuing operations - average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		13,141		13,660		14,586		38,363		38,283		38,134		51,504		51,943		52,720
Discontinued operations - average number of employees at full time equivalent basis						2,652						2,181						4,833
Total average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		13,141		13,660		17,238		38,363		38,283		40,315		51,504		51,943		57,553

1 Continuing operations - average number of employees includes, on an average basis, employees of the discontinued operations of NN Group as NN Group was deconsolidated from ING Group at the end of May 2015. Staff expenses for the five months ending 31 May 2015, was included in the Consolidated statement of profit or loss of ING Group in the line item Net result from discontinued operations. Reference is made to Note 27 ‘Discontinued operations’.

Summary of Changes in Option Rights Outstanding

Changes in option rights outstanding
	Options outstanding (in numbers)						Weighted average exercise price (in euros)
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		25,574,912		37,311,131		52,559,607		15.53		17.54		16.95
Exercised		–2,216,764		–1,583,072		–3,251,420		5.89		5.40		5.97
Forfeited		–168,007		–244,959		–410,847		14.26		16.89		18.05
Expired		–8,048,161		–9,908,188		–11,586,209		24.18		24.67		18.13
Closing balance		15,141,980		25,574,912		37,311,131		12.36		15.53		17.54

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable

Summary of stock options outstanding and exercisable
	Options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December						Weighted average remaining contractual life						Weighted average exercise price
Range of exercise price in euros	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
0.00 – 5.00		2,294,423		3,086,449		3,817,765		1.21		2.21		3.22		2.88		2.88		2.89
5.00 – 10.00		3,754,542		5,248,657		6,213,999		2.21		3.21		4.21		7.38		7.37		7.37
10.00 – 15.00		110,086		137,706		139,841		0.71		1.71		2.72		14.35		14.35		14.35
15.00 – 20.00		8,982,929		9,460,529		10,061,265		0.21		1.21		2.21		16.84		16.83		16.87
20.00 – 25.00				7,295,027		7,608,639				0.23		1.24				24.62		24.62
25.00 – 30.00				346,544		9,469,622				0.38		0.30				25.42		25.17
		15,141,980		25,574,912		37,311,131

Summary of Changes in Share Awards

Changes in share awards
	Share awards (in numbers)						Weighted average grant date fair value (in euros)
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Opening balance		8,382,963		8,737,014		12,706,264		10.44		10.04		7.37
Granted		5,006,120		6,822,320		6,194,253		13.20		10.20		13.00
Performance effect		379,934		543,891		453,699		10.47		8.68		6.40
Vested		–6,328,318		–7,569,972		–10,374,131		11.40		9.65		8.38
Forfeited		–218,420		–150,290		–243,071		10.83		10.58		8.91
Closing balance		7,222,279		8,382,963		8,737,014		11.46		10.44		10.04

XML

Other operating expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses
	2017		2016		2015
IT related expenses1		737		740		753
Office expenses		587		580		618
Advertising and public relations		455		404		418
Travel and accommodation expenses		178		169		166
External advisory fees		353		320		246
Audit and non-audit services		22		19		18
Postal charges		50		48		56
Depreciation of property and equipment		319		330		327
Amortisation of intangible assets		179		187		270
Impairments and reversals on property and equipment and intangibles		18		107		27
Regulatory costs		901		845		620
Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of provision for reorganisations and relocations		–5		1,189		165
Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of other provisions		167		213		7
Contributions and subscriptions		91		82		68
Other		575		342		595
		4,627		5,575		4,354

1 Computer costs is renamed to IT related expenses

Summary of Audit and Non-audit Services

Total audit and non-audit services include the following fees for services provided by the Group’s auditor.

Fees of Group’s auditors
	2017		2016		2015
Audit fees		18		15		16
Audit related fees		1		1		1
Tax fees						1
Total1		19		16		18

1 The Group auditors did not provide any non-audit services except tax services in 2015. In 2016 and 2017 no non-audit services were provided.

Summary of Impairments and reversals of property and equipment and intangibles

Impairments and reversals of property and equipment and intangibles
	Impairment losses						Reversals of impairments						Total
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Property and equipment		10		65		17		–24		–5		–14		–14		60		3
Property development		2		3		9								2		3		9
Software and other intangible assets		30		44		15								30		44		15
(Reversals of) other impairments		42		112		41		–24		–5		–14		18		107		27

XML

Discontinued operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Net Result From Discounted Operations

Total net result from discontinued operations
	2017		2016		2015
NN Group						800
Net result from discontinued operations		–		–		800
NN Group						3
Net result from classification as discontinued operations		–		–		3
NN Group				441		–1,202
Voya						323
Net result from disposal of discontinued operations1		–		441		–879
NN Group				441		–399
Voya						323
Total net result from discontinued operations (before non-controlling interests)		–		441		–76

1 The tax effect on the result on disposal of discontinued operations in 2016 is EUR 2 million (2015: nil).

Summary of Net Result From Discounted Operations (After Tax)

Net result from discontinued operations
	2017		2016		20151
Total income						6,824
Total expenses						5,879
Result before tax from discontinued operations		–		–		945
Taxation						145
Net result from discontinued operations		–		–		800

1 NN Group.

Summary of Net Cash Flows From Discontinued Operations

The table below represents the net cash flows from businesses classified as discontinued operations, as included in the Consolidated statement of cash flows, until deconsolidation of the respective businesses:

Net cash flows from discontinued operations
	2017		2016		20151
Operating cash flow						–1,409
Investing cash flow						2,619
Financing cash flow						526
Net cash flow		–		–		1,736

1 NN Group.

XML

Earnings per ordinary share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Earnings Per Ordinary Share

Earnings per ordinary share
	Amount (in EUR million)						Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period (in millions)						Per ordinary share (in EUR)
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Basic earnings		5,464		4,975		4,926		3,882.8		3,875.0		3,864.8		1.41		1.28		1.28
Basic earnings from discontinued operations				441		–415								0.00		0.11		–0.11
Basic earnings from continuing operations		5,464		4,534		5,341								1.41		1.17		1.39
Effect of dilutive instruments:
Stock option and share plans								2.8		3.5		5.5
								2.8		3.5		5.5
Diluted earnings		5,464		4,975		4,926		3,885.6		3,878.5		3,870.3		1.41		1.28		1.27
Diluted earnings from discontinued operations				441		–415								0.00		0.11		–0.11
Diluted earnings from continuing operations		5,464		4,534		5,341								1.41		1.17		1.38

XML

Dividend per ordinary share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Dividends to Shareholders of the Parent

Dividends to shareholders of the parent
	Per ordinary share (in EUR)		Total (in EUR million)
Dividends on ordinary shares:
In respect of 2015
– Interim dividend, paid in cash in August 2015		0.24		929
– Final dividend, paid in cash in May 2016		0.41		1,590
Total dividend in respect of 2015		0.65		2,519
In respect of 2016
– Interim dividend, paid in cash in August 2016		0.24		931
– Final dividend		0.42		1,629
Total dividend in respect of 2016		0.66		2,560
In respect of 2017
– Interim dividend, paid in cash in August 2017		0.24		933
– Final dividend		0.43		1,670
Total dividend in respect of 2017		0.67		2,603

XML

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Changes in Liabilties Arising from Financing Activities

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

2016

Cash Flows

Non cash changes

2017

Additions

Redemptions / Disposals

Aquisitions

Amortisation

Other Changes

Changes in FV

Foreign exchange movement

Debt securities in issue

103,234

95,458

–96,837

132

–40

–915

–4,946

96,086

Subordinated Loans

17,223

2,331

–2,343

46

–94

–1,195

15,968

Total Liabilities from financing activities

120,457

97,789

–99,180

–

178

–40

–1,009

–6,141

112,054

XML

Cash and cash equivalents (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents
	2017		2016		2015
Treasury bills and other eligible bills		391		512		363
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks		–3,403		–2,492		–1,442
Cash and balances with central banks		21,989		18,144		21,458
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year		18,977		16,164		20,379

Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in cash and cash equivalents
	2017		2016		2015
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in trading assets		5		126		228
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in available-for-sale investments		386		386		135
		391		512		363
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks
	2017		2016		2015
Included in cash and cash equivalents:
– deposits from banks		–8,563		–9,809		–10,312
– loans and advances to banks		5,160		7,317		8,870
		–3,403		–2,492		–1,442
Not included in cash and cash equivalents:
– deposits from banks		–28,258		–22,155		–23,501
– loans and advances to banks		23,651		21,541		21,118
		–4,607		–614		–2,383
Total as included in the statement of financial position:
– deposits from banks		–36,821		–31,964		–33,813
– loans and advances to banks		28,811		28,858		29,988
		–8,010		–3,106		–3,825

XML

Segments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Reconciliation Between Underlying and IFRS Income, Expenses and Net Result

Reconciliation between IFRS and Underlying income, expenses and net result
2017	Income		Expenses		Taxation		Non- Controlling interests		Net result1
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent										5,464
Net result IFRS from continuing operations		18,590		10,505		2,539		82		5,464
Remove impact of:
Special items2		–121				–121				0
Insurance Other3		53				1				52
Underlying4		18,521		10,505		2,418		82		5,516

1 Net result, after tax and non-controlling interests.

2 Special items in 2017, comprise a tax charge at ING Australia Holdings Ltd related to the years 2007-2013, for which a full reimbursement is expected to be received from NN Group.

3 Insurance Other comprises the net result relating to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial and NN Group N.V.

4 Underlying figures are derived from figures according to IFRS by excluding the impact from divestments, special items, Insurance Other, and discontinued operations.

Reconciliation between IFRS and Underlying income, expenses and net result
2016	Income		Expenses		Taxation		Non- Controlling interests		Net result1
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent										4,975
Net result from discontinued operations										–441
Net result IFRS from continuing operations		17,902		11,588		1,705		75		4,534
Remove impact of:
Special items2				–1,157		358				799
Insurance Other3		–33								–33
Underlying4		17,869		10,430		2,064		75		5,300

1 Net result, after tax and non-controlling interests.

2 Special items in 2016 primarily comprise restructuring charges and impairments related to the intended digital transformation programmes as announced in October 2016.

3 Insurance Other comprises mainly the net result relating to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial and NN Group N.V.

4 Underlying figures are derived from figures according to IFRS by excluding the impact from divestments, special items, Insurance Other, and discontinued operations.

Reconciliation between IFRS and Underlying income, expenses and net result
2015	Income		Expenses		Taxation		Non- Controlling interests		Net result1
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent										4,926
Net result from discontinued operations										415
Net result IFRS from continuing operations		18,007		10,673		1,924		69		5,341
Remove impact of:
Divestments2		–367								–367
Special items3				–77		19				58
Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group4		28		1		7				20
Insurance Other5		45		–4		5		2		42
Underlying6		17,713		10,593		1,953		72		5,095

1 Net result, after tax and non-controlling interests.

2 Divestments in 2015 reflected the result from the merger between ING Vysya and Kotak Mahindra Bank

3 Special items in 2015 comprised additional charges related to previously announced restructuring programmes in Retail Netherlands.

4 Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group, prior to deconsolidation at the end of May 2015.

5 Insurance Other comprised mainly the net result relating to warrants on the shares of Voya Financial and NN Group N.V.

6 Underlying figures are derived from figures according to IFRS by excluding the impact from divestments, special items, Insurance Other, and discontinued operations.

Schedule of ING Group Total

ING Group Total
2017	ING Bank N.V.		Other Banking1		Total Banking		Legacy Insurance		Total
Underlying income
– Net interest income		13,714		–68		13,646				13,646
– Net commission income		2,714				2,714				2,714
– Total investment and other income		2,144		17		2,162				2,162
Total underlying income		18,572		–51		18,521				18,521
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		9,795		34		9,829				9,829
– Additions to loan loss provision		676				676				676
Total underlying expenses		10,472		34		10,505				10,505
Underlying result before taxation		8,100		–84		8,016				8,016
Taxation		2,440		–22		2,418				2,418
Non-controlling interests		82				82				82
Underlying net result		5,578		–62		5,516				5,516
Special items		0				0				0
Insurance Other								–52		–52
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		5,578		–62		5,516		–52		5,464
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent		5,578		–62		5,516		–52		5,464

1 Comprises for the most part the funding charges of ING Groep N.V. (Holding).

ING Group Total
2016	ING Bank N.V.		Other Banking1		Total Banking		Legacy Insurance		Total
Underlying income
– Net interest income		13,317		–76		13,241				13,241
– Net commission income		2,434				2,433				2,433
– Total investment and other income		2,174		21		2,195				2,195
Total underlying income		17,925		–56		17,869				17,869
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		9,445		11		9,456				9,456
– Additions to loan loss provision		974				974				974
Total underlying expenses		10,419		11		10,430				10,430
Underlying result before taxation		7,506		–67		7,439				7,439
Taxation		2,081		–17		2,064				2,064
Non-controlling interests		75				75				75
Underlying net result		5,350		–50		5,300				5,300
Special items		–799				–799				–799
Insurance Other								33		33
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		4,551		–50		4,501		33		4,534
Total net result from discontinued operations NN Group								441		441
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent		4,551		–50		4,501		474		4,975

1 Comprises for the most part the funding charges of ING Groep N.V. (Holding).

2015	ING Bank N.V.		Other Banking1		Total Banking		Legacy Insurance		Total
Underlying income
– Net interest income		12,744		–154		12,590				12,590
– Net commission income		2,320				2,320				2,320
– Total investment and other income		2,800		3		2,803				2,803
Total underlying income		17,864		–151		17,713				17,713
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		9,231		15		9,246				9,246
– Additions to loan loss provision		1,347				1,347				1,347
Total underlying expenses		10,578		15		10,593				10,593
Underlying result before taxation		7,286		–166		7,120				7,120
Taxation		1,988		–35		1,953				1,953
Non-controlling interests		72				72				72
Underlying net result		5,226		–131		5,095				5,095
Divestments		367				367				367
Special items		–58				–58				–58
Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group								–20		–20
Insurance Other								–42		–42
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		5,535		–131		5,404		–63		5,341
Total net result from discontinued operations NN Group								–738		–738
Total net result from discontinued operations Voya								323		323
Net result IFRS attributable to equity holder of the parent		5,535		–131		5,404		–477		4,926

1 Comprised for the most part the funding charges of ING Groep N.V. (Holding).

Summary of Segments Banking by Line of Business

Segments Banking by line of business
2017	Retail Netherlands		Retail Belgium		Retail Germany		Retail Other		Wholesale Banking		Corporate Line Banking		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		3,610		1,842		1,704		2,437		3,827		226		13,646
– Net commission income		601		408		215		384		1,108		–3		2,714
– Total investment and other income		257		224		–28		207		1,804		–301		2,162
Total underlying income		4,468		2,473		1,891		3,028		6,739		–78		18,521
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,212		1,584		1,032		1,919		2,792		290		9,829
– Additions to loan loss provision		13		104		–10		284		284		1		676
Total underlying expenses		2,224		1,688		1,022		2,203		3,076		291		10,505
Underlying result before taxation		2,243		785		869		825		3,663		–369		8,016
Taxation		566		296		241		188		1,140		–13		2,418
Non-controlling interests				–2		2		67		15				82
Underlying net result		1,678		491		625		569		2,508		–356		5,516
Special items												0		0
Net result IFRS		1,678		491		625		569		2,508		–356		5,516
Segments Banking by line of business
2016	Retail Netherlands		Retail Belgium		Retail Germany		Retail Other		Wholesale Banking		Corporate Line Banking		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		3,653		1,936		1,689		2,107		3,750		106		13,241
– Net commission income		546		385		183		320		1,003		–3		2,433
– Total investment and other income		237		253		51		432		1,266		–44		2,195
Total underlying income		4,436		2,573		1,923		2,859		6,019		59		17,869
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,560		1,438		886		1,723		2,572		278		9,456
– Additions to loan loss provision		171		175		–18		278		368				974
Total underlying expenses		2,731		1,613		868		2,001		2,940		278		10,430
Underlying result before taxation		1,705		961		1,055		858		3,079		–219		7,439
Taxation		422		306		315		178		840		2		2,064
Non-controlling interests				1		2		60		11				75
Underlying net result		1,282		653		738		620		2,227		–221		5,300
Special items		–192		–418				–12		–149		–27		–799
Net result IFRS		1,090		235		738		608		2,078		–248		4,501

Segments Banking by line of business
2015	Retail Netherlands		Retail Belgium		Retail Germany		Retail Other		Wholesale Banking		Corporate Line Banking		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		3,683		1,953		1,634		1,935		3,538		–153		12,590
– Net commission income		515		397		172		278		962		–4		2,320
– Total investment and other income		205		195		104		195		2,231		–127		2,803
Total underlying income		4,403		2,546		1,910		2,408		6,731		–285		17,713
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,475		1,532		842		1,594		2,559		245		9,246
– Additions to loan loss provision		433		169		57		210		478				1,347
Total underlying expenses		2,908		1,701		899		1,804		3,036		245		10,593
Underlying result before taxation		1,495		845		1,012		604		3,694		–530		7,120
Taxation		391		255		328		142		961		–125		1,953
Non-controlling interests				6		2		48		16				72
Underlying net result		1,104		583		681		414		2,717		–404		5,095
Divestments								367						367
Special items		–58												–58
Net result IFRS		1,046		583		681		781		2,717		–404		5,404

Summary of Geographical Segments Banking

Geographical segments Banking
2017	Netherlands		Belgium		Germany		Other Challengers		Growth Markets		Wholesale Banking Rest of World		Other		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		4,480		2,089		2,172		1,527		1,515		1,636		227		13,646
– Net commission income		871		519		269		232		316		509		–3		2,714
– Total investment and other income		1,141		574		148		–49		296		245		–193		2,162
Total underlying income		6,492		3,183		2,589		1,709		2,127		2,390		31		18,521
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		2,930		2,063		1,154		1,142		1,126		1,113		301		9,829
– Additions to loan loss provision		3		160		–15		201		241		85		1		676
Total underlying expenses		2,933		2,223		1,140		1,344		1,367		1,198		301		10,505
Underlying result before taxation		3,559		960		1,449		366		760		1,192		–270		8,016
Taxation		882		416		459		132		151		379		–1		2,418
Non-controlling interests				–2		2				82						82
Underlying net result		2,677		546		988		234		527		813		–269		5,516
Special items														0		0
Net result IFRS		2,677		546		988		234		527		813		–269		5,516

Geographical segments Banking
2016	Netherlands		Belgium		Germany		Other Challengers		Growth Markets		Wholesale Banking Rest of World		Other		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		4,699		2,183		2,025		1,373		1,274		1,579		107		13,241
– Net commission income		779		482		241		171		309		452		–2		2,433
– Total investment and other income		967		462		–21		136		460		202		–12		2,195
Total underlying income		6,445		3,128		2,245		1,681		2,043		2,233		94		17,869
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		3,301		1,796		987		951		1,103		1,029		290		9,456
– Additions to loan loss provision		310		215		–13		120		240		103				974
Total underlying expenses		3,610		2,010		973		1,071		1,343		1,132		290		10,430
Underlying result before taxation		2,835		1,118		1,272		610		700		1,101		–197		7,439
Taxation		705		319		395		174		125		335		10		2,064
Non-controlling interests				1		2				71						75
Underlying net result		2,130		797		875		436		504		766		–207		5,300
Special items		–268		–491				–13						–27		–799
Net result IFRS		1,863		306		875		423		504		766		–234		4,501

Geographical segments Banking
2015	Netherlands		Belgium		Germany		Other Challengers		Growth Markets		Wholesale Banking Rest of World		Other		Total Banking
Underlying income
– Net interest income		4,677		2,287		1,812		1,268		1,147		1,551		–153		12,590
– Net commission income		754		497		215		156		267		435		–4		2,320
– Total investment and other income		1,428		402		83		14		330		580		–33		2,803
Total underlying income		6,861		3,185		2,109		1,439		1,743		2,566		–189		17,713
Underlying expenditure
– Operating expenses		3,220		1,943		917		840		1,061		1,003		262		9,246
– Additions to loan loss provision		654		166		77		99		176		175				1,347
Total underlying expenses		3,875		2,109		994		938		1,237		1,178		262		10,593
Underlying result before taxation		2,985		1,075		1,115		501		506		1,387		–451		7,120
Taxation		779		304		370		172		79		367		–117		1,953
Non-controlling interests				6		2				64						72
Underlying net result		2,206		765		743		329		363		1,021		–334		5,095
Divestments										367						367
Special items		–58														–58
Net result IFRS		2,148		765		743		329		730		1,021		–334		5,404

XML

Information on geographical areas (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Additional Information by Country

Additional information by country
2017
Geographical area	Country/Tax jurisdiction	Name of principal subsidiary	Main activity	Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		Total Income		Total assets		Result before tax		Taxation
The Netherlands	The Netherlands	ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		13,141		6,396		239,342		2,940		812
Belgium	Belgium	ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,893		3,041		119,068		1,093		455
	Luxembourg	ING Luxembourg S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		777		298		14,748		68		27
Rest of Europe	Poland	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,664		1,119		29,976		444		112
	Germany	ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		4,587		2,477		138,185		1,405		448
	Romania	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,968		314		5,940		135		23
	Spain	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,135		509		23,858		97		25
	Italy	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		838		336		16,728		–4		7
	UK	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		603		550		78,573		324		76
	France1	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		591		310		10,678		93		32
	Russia	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	Wholesale banking		270		136		1,607		78		20
	Czech Republic	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		245		–5		5,640		–55		–11
	Hungary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		146		32		1,003				2
	Slovakia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		497		14		677		2		1
	Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	Wholesale banking		106		30		321		9		2
	Austria	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		225		80		682		25		–1
	Bulgaria	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		70		9		268		–2
	Ireland	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		43		57		2,337		47		6
	Portugal	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		11		14		667		9		3
	Switzerland	Branch of ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking		204		224		9,737		145		38
North America	Canada	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Wholesale banking						2
	USA	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	Wholesale banking		564		724		42,873		371		134
Latin America	Brazil	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		78		47		1,184		16		4
	Colombia	ING Capital Colombia S.A.S.	Wholesale banking		2		1		2
	Mexico	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	Wholesale banking		8		1		2		–2
Asia	China	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		81		35		2,298		7		–2
	Japan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		35		33		2,238		17		11
	Singapore	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		512		297		25,803		133		9
	Hong Kong	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		108		94		7,850		55		7
	Philippines	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		604		18		322		6		2
	South Korea	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		82		55		4,602		21		6
	Taiwan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		33		23		3,910		11
	Indonesia	PT ING Securities	Wholesale banking
		Indonesia			5		1		6
	Malaysia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		5				29		–1
	India	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking				1		2		1
	Turkey	ING Bank A.S.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		5,221		741		13,798		267		54
	United Arab Emirates	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		10						–2
Australia	Australia	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	Retail banking		1,143		577		37,982		330		235
Other	Mauritius	ING Mauritius Ltd.	Investment management				1		939
Total					51,504		18,590		843,878		8,085		2,539

1 Public subsidies received, as defined in article 89 of the CRD IV, amounts to EUR 0.5 million.

Additional information by country
2016
Geographical area	Country/Tax jurisdiction	Name of principal subsidiary	Main activity	Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		Total Income		Total assets		Result before tax		Taxation
The Netherlands	The Netherlands	ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		13,660		6,367		292,255		1,941		493
Belgium	Belgium	ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		9,348		3,057		131,431		457		109
	Luxembourg	ING Luxembourg S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		793		274		10,783		138		32
Rest of Europe	Poland	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,735		992		26,581		379		90
	Germany	ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		4,341		2,117		134,902		1,187		377
	Romania	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,806		288		5,456		123		21
	Spain	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,116		498		23,309		197		51
	Italy	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		833		376		15,920		100		33
	UK	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		599		504		29,830		290		154
	France1	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		613		280		8,614		56		18
	Russia	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	Wholesale banking		276		118		2,008		69		7
	Czech Republic	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		220		77		3,653		40		8
	Hungary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		152		37		1,358		–1		3
	Slovakia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		400		14		715		3		1
	Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	Wholesale banking		111		59		622		47		7
	Austria	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		196		86		360		37		–4
	Bulgaria	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		76		9		274		–		–
	Ireland	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		42		53		1,910		54		7
	Portugal	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		11		14		642		10		3
	Switzerland	Branch of ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking		192		187		9,150		122		33
North America	Canada	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Wholesale banking		–		–		1		–		–
	USA	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	Wholesale banking		519		732		42,571		377		110
Latin America	Brazil	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		70		43		2,097		13		–
	Colombia	ING Capital Colombia S.A.S.	Wholesale banking		2		–		1		–		–
	Mexico	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	Wholesale banking		7		1		2		–1		–
Asia	China	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		72		36		2,049		7		–2
	Japan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		33		36		3,702		22		9
	Singapore	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		502		194		25,780		22		5
	Hong Kong	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		106		80		5,964		40		7
	Philippines	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		423		17		402		4		–2
	South Korea	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		87		46		4,107		14		–1
	Taiwan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		32		15		2,484		3		1
	Indonesia	PT ING Securities Indonesia	Wholesale banking		5		1		7		–		–
	Malaysia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		5		–		3		–		–
	India	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		–		–		2		–		–
	Turkey	ING Bank A.S.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		5,497		757		15,864		225		45
	United Arab Emirates	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		10		–		1		–2		–
Australia	Australia	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	Retail banking		1,053		505		36,691		309		90
Other	Mauritius	ING Mauritius Ltd.	Investment management		–		32		715		32		–
Total					51,943		17,902		842,216		6,314		1,705

1 Public subsidies received, as defined in article 89 of the CRD IV, amounts to EUR 1 million (2015: EUR 3 million).

Additional information by country
2015
Geographical area	Country/Tax jurisdiction	Name of principal subsidiary	Main activity	Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis		Total Income		Total assets2		Result before tax		Taxation
The Netherlands	The Netherlands2	ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		14,586		6,427		468,506		2,060		678
Belgium	Belgium	ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		9,645		3,091		130,916		1,109		329
	Luxembourg	ING Luxembourg S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		774		298		9,331		166		35
Rest of Europe	Poland	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		8,713		903		25,666		317		60
	Germany	ING DiBa A.G.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		4,052		2,000		126,171		1,044		353
	Romania	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,596		221		4,685		78		13
	Spain	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		1,076		423		24,457		144		52
	Italy	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		824		202		15,828		–87		–15
	UK	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		642		556		32,156		362		–19
	France1	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		625		256		7,489		67		23
	Russia	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	Wholesale banking		288		185		2,520		131		32
	Czech Republic	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		211		64		2,519		30		5
	Hungary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		162		46		1,129		13		5
	Slovakia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		265		13		573		8		2
	Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	Wholesale banking		120		46		616		27		5
	Austria	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Retail banking		169		93		321		51		9
	Bulgaria	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		76		10		267		–2		–
	Ireland	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		39		64		1,697		36		5
	Portugal	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		2		3		616		3		1
	Switzerland	Branch of ING België N.V.	Wholesale banking		177		187		6,927		105		30
North America	Canada	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Wholesale banking		–		–		–		–		–
	USA	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	Wholesale banking		492		720		47,784		423		122
Latin America	Brazil	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		56		48		1,496		32		12
	Mexico	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	Wholesale banking		8		–		1		–		–
Asia	China	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		59		39		1,551		16		10
	Japan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		30		31		6,772		20		9
	Singapore	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		472		386		19,111		230		30
	Hong Kong	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		103		85		5,052		49		1
	Philippines	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		249		22		436		5		3
	South Korea	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		68		53		3,642		23		6
	Taiwan	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		34		23		1,744		12		1
	Indonesia	PT ING Securities	Wholesale banking
		Indonesia			5		1		7		–		–
	Malaysia	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		4		–		4		–		–
	India	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		–		–		2		–		–
	Turkey	ING Bank A.S.	Wholesale banking/Retail banking		6,070		641		17,544		155		34
	United Arab Emirates	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Wholesale banking		7		–		–		–1		–
Australia	Australia	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	Retail banking		1,021		490		33,507		328		92
Other	Mauritius	ING Mauritius Ltd.	Investment management		–		380		1,186		380		–
Total					52,720		18,007		1,002,228		7,334		1,924

1 Public subsidies received, as defined in article 89 of the CRD IV, amounted to EUR 3 million in 2015.

2 Included in Total assets – the Netherlands, is EUR 2,153 million related to the Investment in associate held for sale, NN Group.

XML

Pension and other post-employment benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Information on Plan Assets and Defined Benefit Obligation Per Country

Statement of financial position - Net defined benefit asset/liability

Plan assets and defined benefit obligation per country
	Plan assets				Defined benefit obligation				Funded Status
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
The Netherlands		408		414		568		576		–160		–162
United States		176		182		233		243		–57		–61
United Kingdom		1,864		1,983		1,326		1,377		538		606
Belgium		597		641		672		776		–75		–135
Other countries		161		117		341		277		–180		–160
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/liability)		3,206		3,337		3,140		3,249		66		88
Presented as:
– Other assets										542		609
– Other liabilities										–476		–521
										66		88

Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets

Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the period were as follows:

Changes in fair value of plan assets
	2017		2016
Opening balance		3,337		3,141
Interest income		70		87
Remeasurements: Return on plan assets excluding amounts included in interest income		52		467
Employer’s contribution		24		76
Participants contributions		2		2
Benefits paid		–186		–137
Exchange rate differences		–93		–299
Closing balance		3,206		3,337
Actual return on the plan assets		122		554

Schedule of Changes in Present Value of Defined Benefit Obligation and Other Post-Employment Benefits

Changes in defined benefit obligation and other post-employment benefits
	Defined benefit obligation				Other post-employment benefits
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		3,249		2,996		87		98
Current service cost		34		32		–3		–25
Interest cost		66		79		3		3
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions		–7		–17		9		10
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions		71		498
Participants’ contributions		2		1
Benefits paid		–189		–148		–1		–1
Past service cost				2
Effect of curtailment or settlement		–3		–2
Exchange rate differences		–83		–192		–8		2
Closing balance		3,140		3,249		87		87

Amount Recognised Directly in Other Comprehensive Income (Equity)

Changes in the net defined benefit assets/liability remeasurement reserve
	2017		2016
Opening balance		–371		–306
Remeasurement of plan assets		52		467
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions		7		17
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions		–71		–498
Taxation		–17		–51
Total Other comprehensive income movement for the year		–29		–65
Closing balance		–400		–371

Summary of Pension and Other Staff-Related Benefit Costs

Pension and other staff-related benefit costs
	Net defined benefit asset/liability						Other post-employment benefits						Other						Total
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Current service cost		34		32		34		–3		–25		–7		–2		11		–8		29		18		19
Past service cost				2		–11																2		–11
Net Interest cost		–4		–8		–9		3		3		1		1		2		2				–3		–6
Effect of curtailment or settlement		–3		–2		–3						–9						–52		–3		–2		–64
Other																		13						13
Defined benefit plans		27		24		11		–		–22		–15		–1		13		–45		26		15		–49
Defined contribution plans																				355		329		324
																				381		344		275

XML

Taxation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Changes in Deferred Tax

Changes in deferred tax

2017

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2016

Change through equity

Change through net result

Exchange rate differences

Changes in the composition of the group and other changes

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2017

Investments

–799

123

116

5

–555

Investment properties

–5

–5

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

697

–290

12

419

Depreciation

–33

5

4

–24

Cash flow hedges

–238

167

–1

–72

Pension and post-employment benefits

112

–25

–6

–5

76

Other provisions

255

–48

–6

–3

198

Receivables

570

49

–5

614

Loans and advances to customers

491

–2

–210

279

Unused tax losses carried forward

57

–60

–5

–8

Other

–90

–10

–80

2

–178

1,017

253

–524

1

–3

744

Presented in the statement of financial position as:

– deferred tax liabilities

–624

–362

– deferred tax assets

1,641

1,106

1,017

744

Changes in deferred tax

2016

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2015

Change through equity

Change through net result

Exchange rate differences

Changes in the composition of the group and other changes

Net liability (–) Net asset (+) 2016

Investments

–780

74

–82

–10

–1

–799

Investment properties

–2

–3

–5

Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

739

–58

16

697

Depreciation

–46

13

–33

Cash flow hedges

–192

–51

4

1

–238

Pension and post-employment benefits

201

–20

–84

15

112

Other provisions

24

228

2

1

255

Receivables

441

120

9

570

Loans and advances to customers

788

–248

–7

–42

491

Unused tax losses carried forward

118

–34

–24

–3

57

Other

–97

–1

–32

40

–90

1,194

2

–180

45

–44

1,017

Presented in the statement of financial position as:

– deferred tax liabilities

–589

–624

– deferred tax assets

1,783

1,641

1,194

1,017

Summary of Deferred Tax in Connection With Unused Tax Losses Carried Forward

Deferred tax in connection with unused tax losses carried forward
	2017			2016
Total unused tax losses carried forward		1,732			1,876
Unused tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset		1,074			973
Unused tax losses carried forward recognised as a deferred tax asset		658			903
Average tax rate		19.5	%		22.5	%
Deferred tax asset		128			203

Summary of Total Unused Tax Losses Carried Forward Analysed by Expiry Terms

Total unused tax losses carried forward analysed by expiry terms
	No deferred tax asset recognised				Deferred tax asset recognised
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Within 1 year		2		2				2
More than 1 year but less than 5 years		350		383		38		56
More than 5 years but less than 10 years		31		30
More than 10 years but less than 20 years		18		18
Unlimited		673		540		620		845
		1,074		973		658		903

Summary of Deferred Tax Assets

Breakdown of certain net deferred tax asset positions by jurisdiction
	2017		2016
Italy		107		113
		107		113

Statement of Profit or Loss of Taxation

Statement of profit or loss – Taxation

Taxation by type
	Netherlands						International						Total
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Current taxation		488		150		–42		1,527		1,375		1,413		2,015		1,525		1,371
Deferred taxation		324		343		694		200		–163		–141		524		180		553
		812		493		652		1,727		1,212		1,272		2,539		1,705		1,924

Reconciliation of Weighted Average Statutory Income Tax Rate To Effective Income Tax Rate

Reconciliation of the weighted average statutory income tax rate to ING Group’s effective income tax rate
	2017			20161			2015
Result before tax from continuing operations		8,085			6,314			7,334
Weighted average statutory tax rate		27.5	%		27.1	%		26.9	%
Weighted average statutory tax amount		2,226			1,708			1,975
Participation exemption		–45			–72			–34
Other income not subject to tax		–74			–111			–162
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes		156			132			154
Impact on deferred tax from change in tax rates		55			–1			12
Deferred tax benefit from previously unrecognised amounts		–4			–18			54
Current tax from previously unrecognised amounts		66			–22			–63
Write-off/reversal of deferred tax assets		2			33			18
State and local taxes		47			33
Adjustment to prior periods		110			23			–30
Effective tax amount		2,539			1,705			1,924
Effective tax rate		31.4	%		27.0	%		26.2	%

1 ‘Other income not subject to tax’ and Expenses not deductible for tax purposes’ have been adjusted to reflect the impact of income taxes other than corporate (statutory) income tax on the line ‘State and local taxes’.    

Income Tax Related to Other Comprehensive Income

Income tax related to components of other comprehensive income
	2017		2016		2015
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations		103		17		111
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss (reclassifications from equity to profit or loss)		20		57		39
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve		167		–51		24
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability		–25		–20		–13
Exchange rate differences and other						–46
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		–12		–1
Total income tax related to components of other comprehensive income		253		2		115

XML

Fair value of assets and liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents the estimated fair values of ING Group’s financial assets and liabilities. Certain items per the statement of financial position are not included in the table, as they do not meet the definition of a financial asset or liability. The aggregation of the fair values presented below does not represent, and should not be construed as representing, the underlying value of ING Group.    

Fair value of financial assets and liabilities
	Estimated fair value				Statement of financial position value
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial assets
Cash and balances with central banks		21,989		18,144		21,989		18,144
Loans and advances to banks		28,911		28,940		28,811		28,858
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
– trading assets		116,748		114,504		116,748		114,504
– non-trading derivatives		2,231		2,490		2,231		2,490
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4,242		5,099		4,242		5,099
Investments
– available-for-sale		69,730		82,912		69,730		82,912
– held-to-maturity		9,378		8,809		9,343		8,751
Loans and advances to customers		588,998		578,596		571,909		560,154
Other assets1		11,744		13,258		11,744		13,258
		853,971		852,752		836,747		834,170
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks		36,868		32,352		36,821		31,964
Customer deposits		540,547		523,850		539,828		522,908
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– trading liabilities		73,596		83,167		73,596		83,167
– non-trading derivatives		2,331		3,541		2,331		3,541
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		11,215		12,266		11,215		12,266
Other liabilities2		14,488		15,247		14,488		15,247
Debt securities in issue		96,736		103,559		96,086		103,234
Subordinated loans		16,457		17,253		15,968		17,223
		792,238		791,235		790,333		789,550

1 Other assets do not include, among others: (deferred) tax assets, net defined benefit asset, inventory, property development and property obtained from foreclosures. 2016 figure has been changed to conform to the current year presentation

2 Other liabilities do not include, among others: (deferred) tax liabilities, net defined benefit and related employee benefit liabilities, reorganisation and other provisions ,and other taxation and social security contributions.

Changes in Fair Value Hierarchy

The fair values of the financial instruments were determined as follows:

Methods applied in determining fair values of financial assets and liabilities (carried at fair value)
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial Assets
Trading assets		20,114		17,652		95,530		95,629		1,104		1,223		116,748		114,504
Non-trading derivatives				3		2,146		2,231		85		256		2,231		2,490
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss		319		502		3,558		4,141		365		456		4,242		5,099
Available-for-sale investments		65,310		76,238		3,940		6,153		480		521		69,730		82,912
		85,743		94,395		105,174		108,154		2,034		2,456		192,951		205,005
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities		5,770		6,139		66,753		75,650		1,073		1,378		73,596		83,167
Non-trading derivatives						2,263		3,517		68		24		2,331		3,541
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss		1,285		1,348		9,829		10,795		101		123		11,215		12,266
		7,055		7,487		78,845		89,962		1,242		1,525		87,142		98,974

Changes in Level 3 Financial Assets

Changes in Level 3 Financial assets
	Trading assets				Non-trading derivatives				Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss				Available- for-sale investments				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		1,223		1,146		256		168		456		338		521		693		2,456		2,345
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3		–232		226		–45		–34		4		76				200		–273		468
Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income during the period2,4														–5		–144		–5		–144
Purchase of assets		610		77		–9		5		226		193		62		68		889		343
Sale of assets		–326		–71		–92		–4		–1		–76		–43		–183		–462		–334
Maturity/settlement		–141		–135		–2				–1				–24		–9		–168		–144
Reclassifications														7		–92		7		–92
Transfers into Level 3		9		21				62								5		9		88
Transfers out of Level 3		–37		–43		–23				–319		–75		–13				–392		–118
Exchange rate differences		–2		3										–24		8		–26		11
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes				–1				59						–1		–25		–1		33
Closing balance		1,104		1,223		85		256		365		456		480		521		2,034		2,456

¹  Net gains/losses were recorded in income from trading activities in continuing operations herein as ‘Valuation results and net trading income’ in the statement of profit or loss.

²  Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income is included on the line ‘Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investements and other revaluations’.

³  ‘Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the year’ has been renamed to ‘Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period’.

⁴  ‘Revaluation recognised in equity during the year’ has been renamed to ‘Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income during the period’.

Changes in Level 3 Financial Liabilities

Changes in Level 3 Financial liabilities
	Trading liabilities				Non-trading derivatives				Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening balance		1,378		1,239		24		1		123		198		1,525		1,438
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2		–105		277		44		12		–6		–3		–67		286
Issue of liabilities		485		53		1		11		14		4		500		68
Early repayment of liabilities		–399		–62		–1		–11		–21		–13		–421		–86
Maturity/settlement		–187		–62										–187		–62
Transfers into Level 3		16		16				11						16		27
Transfers out of Level 3		–111		–86						–9		–63		–120		–149
Exchange rate differences		–4		6										–4		6
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes				–3												–3
Closing balance		1,073		1,378		68		24		101		123		1,242		1,525

1 Net gains/losses were recorded in income from trading activities in continuing operations included herein as ‘Valuation results and net trading income’ in the statement of profit or loss.

2 ‘Amounts recongnised in the statement of profit or loss during the year’ has been renamed to ‘Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period’.

Amounts Recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss

Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period (Level 3)
	Held at balance sheet date				Derecognised during the period				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial assets
Trading assets		–232		226						–232		226
Non-trading derivatives		–45		–34						–45		–34
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4		76						4		76
Available-for-sale investments		–2		–3		2		203				200
		–275		265		2		203		–273		468
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities		–105		277						–105		277
Non-trading derivatives		44		12						44		12
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss		–6		–3						–6		–3
		–67		286		–		–		–67		286

Valuation Techniques and Range of Unobservable Inputs

Valuation techniques and range of unobservable inputs (Level 3)
	Assets				Liabilities				Valuation techniques		Significant unobservable inputs	Lower range						Upper range
	2017		2016		2017		2016					2017			2016			2017			2016
At fair value through profit or loss
Debt securities		386		180						Price based	Price (%)		0	%		0	%		161	%		122	%
										Net asset value	Price (%)		0	%		10	%		0	%		19	%
Equity securities		4		4		1				Price based	Price (%)		1	%		0	%		54	%		0	%
Loans and advances		20		326				3		Price based	Price (%)		0	%		60	%		101	%		101	%
										Present value techniques	Credit spread (bps)		n.a			130			n.a			150
Structured notes				6		101		125		Price based	Price (%)		52	%		52	%		116	%		111	%
										Net asset value	Price (%)		n.a			19	%		n.a			19	%
										Option pricing model	Equity volatility (%)		14	%		16	%		23	%		34	%
											Equity/Equity correlation		0.5			0.0			0.7			0.8
											Equity/FX correlation		0.2			–0.4			0.4			0.1
											Dividend yield (%)		2	%		1	%		6	%		5	%
											Interest rate volatility (%)		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
										Present value techniques	Implied correlation		0.7			0.7			0.7			0.7
Derivatives
– Rates		490		486		485		457		Option pricing model	Interest rate volatility (bps)		23			22			300			300
											Interest rate correlation		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
											IR/INF correlation		n.a			0.5			n.a			0.5
										Present value techniques	Reset spread (%)		2	%		2	%		2	%		2	%
											Prepayment rate (%)		5	%		5	%		10	%		10	%
											Inflation rate (%)		4	%		2	%		4	%		4	%
– FX		477		642		479		688		Present value techniques	Inflation rate (%)		4	%		2	%		4	%		3	%
– Credit		10		33		48		43		Present value techniques	Credit spread (bps)		2			0			424			1,596
											Implied correlation		0.7			0.7			1.0			1.0
											Jump rate (%)		12	%		12	%		12	%		12	%
										Price based	Price (%)		n.a			99	%		n.a			99	%
– Equity		161		258		128		208		Option pricing model	Equity volatility (%)		5	%		0	%		129	%		140	%
											Equity/Equity correlation		0.1			–0.1			1.0			1.0
											Equity/FX correlation		–0.9			–0.9			0.8			0.6
											Dividend yield (%)		0	%		0	%		21	%		13	%
– Other		5						1		Option pricing model	Commodity volatility (%)		9	%		13	%		42	%		55	%
											Com/Com correlation		0.3			0.0			0.9			0.9
											Com/FX correlation		–0.6			–0.5			–0.3			0.0
Available for sale
– Debt		14		55						Price based	Price (%)		69	%		0	%		90	%		99	%
										Present value techniques	Credit spread (bps)		n.a			339			n.a			400
											Weighted average life (yr)		n.a			1.6			n.a			3.2
– Equity		467		466						Discounted cash flow	Annual Accounts		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
										Multiplier method	Observable market factors		n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
										Comparable transactions			n.a			n.a			n.a			n.a
Total		2,034		2,456		1,242		1,525

Fair Value of Sensitivity Analysis Instruments

Sensitivity analysis of Level 3 instruments
	Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives				Negative fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Fair value through profit or loss
Equity (equity derivatives, structured notes)		222		262
Interest rates (Rates derivatives, FX derivatives)		56		80
Credit (Debt securities, Loans, structured notes, credit derivatives)		27		33
Available-for-sale
Equity		9		8		14		14
Debt		1		2
		315		385		14		14

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities at Amortised Cost

The fair values of the financial instruments carried at amortised cost in the statement of financial position, but for which fair values are disclosed are determined as follows:

Methods applied in determining fair values of financial assets and liabilities (carried at amortised cost)
	Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks		633		3,534		9,855		11,135		16,577		14,271		27,065		28,940
Held-to-maturity investments		7,884		6,983		1,409		1,749		85		77		9,378		8,809
Loans and advances to customers1				5,121		19,870		21,611		545,141		551,864		565,011		578,596
		8,517		15,638		31,134		34,495		561,803		566,212		601,454		616,345
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1		29				25,276		14,447		7,642		8,096		32,947		22,543
Customer deposits1		8,875		12,248		28,303		25,118		27,296		27,382		64,474		64,748
Debt securities in issue		39,303		41,145		39,757		48,097		17,676		14,317		96,736		103,559
Subordinated loans		16,082		14,967		357		2,188		18		98		16,457		17,253
		64,289		68,360		93,693		89,850		52,632		49,893		210,614		208,103

1 Financial assets and liabilities that are on demand are excluded from the fair value hierarchy as their fair value approximates the carrying value. In 2017, comparative figures of customer deposits have been reclassified between the levels to conform with the current year presentation

XML

Derivatives and hedge accounting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Fair Value Changes on Derivatives Designated under Fair Value Hedge Accounting

Statement of profit or loss – Valuation results and net trading income

Fair value changes on derivatives designated under fair value hedge accounting
	2017		2016
Change in fair value of derivatives		–184		–170
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities (hedged items)		91		244
Net accounting ineffectiveness recognised in the Statement of profit or loss		–93		74

Fair Values of Outstanding Derivatives Designated Under Cash Flow Hedge Accounting

Statement of financial position – Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Fair values of outstanding derivatives designated under fair value hedge accounting
	2017		20161
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)		542		787
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)		–317		–672
		225		115

¹  Comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation

Cash Flow Hedge Reserve

Statement of changes in equity – Cash flow hedge reserve

Cash flow hedge reserve
	2017		2016
Effective portion of fair value changes on derivatives under cash flow hedges, after tax		–514		111
Cash flow hedge reserve as at 31 December, gross		335		1,015
Cash flow hedge reserve as at 31 December, after deferred tax		263		777

Fair Values of Outstanding Derivatives Designated Under Cash Flow Hedge Accounting

Statement of financial position – Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Fair values of outstanding derivatives designated under cash flow hedge accounting
	2017		2016
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)		617		438
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)		–339		–671
		278		–233

Net Interest Income on Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives

Statement of profit or loss – Net interest income

Net interest income on cash flow hedge derivatives
	2017		2016
Interest income on cash flow hedge derivatives		2,454		2,654
Interest expense on cash flow hedge derivatives		–1,968		–2,181
		486		473

Net Interest Income on Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives

Statement of financial position – Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Fair values of outstanding derivatives designated under net investment hedge accounting
	2017		2016
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)		29		73
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)		–71		–33
		–42		40

XML

Assets by contractual maturity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Assets By Contractual Maturity

Assets by contractual maturity
	Less than		1-3		3-12		1-5		Over 5		Maturity not
2017	1 month1		months		months		years		years		applicable		Total
Cash and balances with central banks		21,989												21,989
Loans and advances to banks		13,929		5,137		5,224		3,931		590				28,811
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
– trading assets		63,857		14,016		12,667		12,619		13,589				116,748
– non-trading derivatives		124		147		213		789		958				2,231
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		488		967		1,839		351		597				4,242
Investments
– available-for-sale		1,319		2,313		4,301		31,852		25,962		3,983		69,730
– held-to-maturity		1,020		127		657		2,975		4,564				9,343
Loans and advances to customers		62,842		18,414		40,350		163,360		286,943				571,909
Intangible assets						92		367				1,010		1,469
Other assets2		8,520		1,517		2,479		1,157		535		309		14,517
Remaining assets (for which maturities are not applicable)3												2,889		2,889
Total assets		174,088		42,638		67,822		217,401		333,738		8,191		843,878

¹  Includes assets on demand.

²  Includes Other assets and Current and Deferred tax assets as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

³  Included in remaining assets for which maturities are not applicable are property and equipment, and investments in associates and joint ventures. Due to their nature remaining assets consist mainly of assets expected to be recovered after more than 12 months.

Assets by contractual maturity
2016	Less than 1 month1		1-3 months		3-12 months		1-5 years		Over 5 years		Maturity not applicable		Total
Cash and balances with central banks		18,144												18,144
Loans and advances to banks		14,638		4,373		5,414		3,779		654				28,858
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
– trading assets		47,218		19,236		13,722		16,967		17,361				114,504
– non-trading derivatives		28		29		85		793		1,555				2,490
– designated as at fair value through profit or loss		326		1,440		1,996		769		568				5,099
Investments
– available-for-sale		2,713		3,543		6,020		36,838		29,775		4,023		82,912
– held-to-maturity				166		2,374		3,360		2,851				8,751
Loans and advances to customers		56,151		17,187		42,515		162,805		281,496				560,154
Intangible assets						145		290				1,049		1,484
Other assets2		10,179		1,776		2,721		855		850		296		16,677
Remaining assets (for which maturities are not applicable)3												3,143		3,143
Total assets		149,397		47,750		74,992		226,456		335,110		8,511		842,216

¹  Includes assets on demand.

²  Includes Other assets and Current and Deferred tax assets, commodities, and precious metals (which have no maturity) as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position. ‘Other assets’ adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.

³  Included in remaining assets for which maturities are not applicable are property and equipment, and investments in associates and joint ventures. Due to their nature remaining assets consist mainly of assets expected to be recovered after more than 12 months.

XML

Liabilities by maturity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Maturity of Financial And Non-Financial Liabilities

Liabilities by maturity
2017	Less than 1 month1		1-3 months		3-12 months		1-5 years		Over 5 years		Maturity not applicable		Adjustment2		Total
Deposits from banks		10,002		648		1,687		21,893		2,591						36,821
Customer deposits		494,701		17,190		19,647		5,761		2,529						539,828
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– other trading liabilities		29,755		11,530		1,866		1,506		2,390				636		47,683
– trading derivatives		2,476		2,420		4,520		8,224		5,947				2,326		25,913
– non-trading derivatives		339		121		226		715		886				44		2,331
– designated at fair value through profit or loss		413		838		1,353		3,700		5,058				–147		11,215
Debt securities in issue		3,296		14,657		26,434		37,717		12,249				1,733		96,086
Subordinated loans										10,601		5,176		191		15,968
Financial liabilities		540,982		47,404		55,733		79,516		42,251		5,176		4,783		775,845
Other liabilities3		9,773		1,915		4,240		1,757		1,204						18,889
Non-financial liabilities		9,773		1,915		4,240		1,757		1,204		–		–		18,889
Total liabilities		550,755		49,319		59,973		81,273		43,455		5,176		4,783		794,734
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities		1,109		1,035		2,852		9,591		8,686						23,273

¹  Includes liabilities on demand.

²  This column reconciles the contractual undiscounted cash flows on financial liabilities to the statement of financial position values. The adjustments mainly relate to the impact of discounting, and for derivatives, to the fact that the contractual cash flows are presented on a gross basis (unless the cash flows are actually settled net).

³  Includes Other liabilities, Current and deferred tax liabilities, and Provisions as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

Liabilities by maturity
2016	Less than 1 month1		1-3 months		3-12 months		1-5 years		Over 5 years		Maturity not applicable		Adjustment2		Total
Deposits from banks		11,874		506		2,060		14,324		3,200						31,964
Customer deposits		476,373		16,521		20,698		6,720		2,583				13		522,908
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
– other trading liabilities		26,101		12,334		1,096		1,910		1,908				525		43,874
– trading derivatives		3,172		3,153		7,495		13,785		11,602				86		39,293
– non-trading derivatives		378		192		700		1,844		1,478				–1,051		3,541
– designated at fair value through profit or loss		381		505		1,627		4,485		5,170				98		12,266
Debt securities in issue		3,171		14,965		22,350		44,089		20,522				–1,863		103,234
Subordinated loans				1,043		749		2,010		5,985		7,204		232		17,223
Financial liabilities		521,450		49,219		56,775		89,167		52,448		7,204		–1,960		774,303
Other liabilities3		10,403		1,943		4,428		2,201		1,075						20,050
Non-financial liabilities		10,403		1,943		4,428		2,201		1,075		–		–		20,050
Total liabilities		531,853		51,162		61,203		91,368		53,523		7,204		–1,960		794,353
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities		1,081		1,160		3,355		10,948		5,818						22,362

¹  Includes liabilities on demand.

²  This column reconciles the contractual undiscounted cash flows on financial liabilities to the statement of financial position values. The adjustments mainly relate to the impact of discounting, and for derivatives, to the fact the contractual cash flows are presented on a gross basis (unless the cash flows are actually settled net).

³  Includes Other liabilities, Current and deferred tax liabilities, and Provisions as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

XML

Assets not freely disposable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Assets Not Freely Disposable

Assets not freely disposable
	2017		2016
Banks
– Cash and balances with central banks		1,569		1,353
– Loans and advances to banks		3,730		6,054
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		1,072		447
Investments		885		825
Loans and advances to customers		76,083		70,457
Other assets		813		935
		84,152		80,071

XML

Transfer of financial assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Schedule of Transfer of Financial Assets not Qualifying for Derecognition

Transfer of financial assets not qualifying for derecognition
	Securities lending							Sale and repurchase
	Equity				Debt			Equity				Debt
	2017		2016		2017	2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Transferred assets at carrying amount
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		3,995		1,428					2,120		4,106		6,864		8,965
Investments		2		2									621		1,427
Loans and advances to customers															25
Associated liabilities at carrying amount
Deposits from banks				n.a			n.a
Customer deposits				n.a			n.a
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		3,985		1,443					2,148		4,635		2,599		4,280

XML

Offsetting financial assets and liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Financial Assets Subject to Offsetting, Enforceable Master Netting Arrangements and Similar Agreements

The following tables include information about rights to offset and the related arrangements. The amounts included consist of all recognised financial instruments that are presented net in the statement of financial position under the IFRS offsetting requirements (legal right to offset and intention to net settle) and amounts presented gross in the statement of financial position but subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangement.

Financial assets subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2017		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Loans and advances to banks	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		1,838				1,838				1,728		110
	Other		7		–7
			1,845		–7		1,838		–		1,728		110
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Trading assets	Derivatives		20,878		–760		20,118		18,427		219		1,472
	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		68,050		–14,475		53,575		1,068		52,456		51
			88,928		–15,235		73,693		19,495		52,675		1,523
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		45,176		–43,819		1,357		1,238		217		–98
			45,176		–43,819		1,357		1,238		217		–98
Loans and advances to customers	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		409		–209		200				200
	Other		157,892		–156,015		1,877		1,018		302		557
			158,301		–156,224		2,077		1,018		502		557
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			6,860		–6,366		494						494
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–5,929		4,208		1,721
			–		–		–		–5,929		4,208		1,721
Total financial assets			301,110		–221,651		79,459		15,822		59,330		4,307

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

Financial assets subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2016		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Loans and advances to banks	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		173		–95		78				78
	Other		3		–3
			176		–98		78		–		78		–
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Trading assets	Derivatives		28,511		–913		27,598		25,532		147		1,919
	Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements		61,245		–19,413		41,832		36		41,555		241
			89,756		–20,326		69,430		25,568		41,702		2,160
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		57,384		–55,687		1,697		1,499		–5		203
			57,384		–55,687		1,697		1,499		–5		203
Loans and advances to customers	Other		191,453		–186,963		4,490				387		4,103
			191,453		–186,963		4,490		–		387		4,103
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			6,326		–5,846		480		15				465
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–7,300		4,743		2,557
			–		–		–		–7,300		4,743		2,557
Total financial assets			345,095		–268,920		76,175		19,782		46,905		9,488

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

Summary of Financial Liabilities Subject to Offsetting, Enforceable Master Netting Arrangements and Similar Agreements

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2017		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Deposits from banks	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		4				4				4
	Other		68		–8		60						60
			72		–8		64		–		4		60
Customer deposits	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		209		–209
	Corporate deposits		11,508		–11,022		486						486
	Other		156,465		–144,991		11,474		1,021				10,453
			168,182		–156,222		11,960		1,021		–		10,939
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Trading liabilities	Derivatives		21,356		–975		20,381		19,292		302		787
	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		51,445		–14,475		36,970		1,068		35,792		110
			72,801		–15,450		57,351		20,360		36,094		897
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		46,765		–45,251		1,514		1,261		125		128
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			5,393		–4,720		673						673
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–6,820		6,228		592
			–		–		–		–6,820		6,228		592
Total financial liabilities			293,213		–221,651		71,562		15,822		42,451		13,289

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

Financial liabilities subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting arrangements and similar agreements
								Related amounts not offset in the statement of financial position
2016		Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		Financial instruments		Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		Net amount
Statement of financial position line item	Financial instrument
Deposits from banks	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		102		–95		7						7
	Other		23		–3		20						20
			125		–98		27		–		–		27
Customer deposits	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		36				36		36
	Corporate deposits		11,773		–8,595		3,178						3,178
	Other		189,496		–178,368		11,128						11,128
			201,305		–186,963		14,342		36		–		14,306
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Trading liabilities	Derivatives		30,102		–997		29,105		27,852		146		1,107
	Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements		46,695		–19,415		27,280		36		27,102		142
			76,797		–20,412		56,385		27,888		27,248		1,249
Non-trading derivatives	Derivatives		59,510		–56,975		2,535		2,343		–153		345
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position			5,041		–4,472		569		28				541
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements1	Derivatives								–10,513		8,047		2,466
			–		–		–		–10,513		8,047		2,466
Total financial liabilities			342,778		–268,920		73,858		19,782		35,142		18,934

¹  The line ‘Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements’ contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

XML

Contingent liabilities and commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Contingent liabilities and commitments
	Less than 1 month				1-3 months				3-12 months				1-5 years				Over 5 years				Maturity not applicable				Total
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Contingent liabilities in respect of
– discounted bills		1										1														1		1
– guarantees		15,647		18,536		571		677		944		965		2,560		1,167		4,189		3,526						23,911		24,871
– irrevocable letters of credit		9,453		6,583		4,746		5,973		1,146		824		176		154		12		12						15,533		13,546
– other		58		39										223						309						281		348
		25,159		25,158		5,317		6,650		2,090		1,790		2,959		1,321		4,201		3,847		–		–		39,726		38,766
Guarantees issued by ING Groep N.V.																		356		404						356		404
Irrevocable facilities		56,459		59,214		2,150		2,587		7,504		4,832		30,331		22,606		7,825		9,315						104,269		98,554
		81,618		84,372		7,467		9,237		9,594		6,622		33,290		23,927		12,382		13,566		–		–		144,351		137,724

Summary of Future Rental Commitments to be Paid Under Non-cancellable Operating Leases

The future rental commitments to be paid under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts
	2017		2016
2017				307
2018		268		179
2019		195		151
2020		165		129
2021		152		132
Years after 2021		472		344

XML

Consolidated companies and business acquired and divested (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Consolidated Companies and Business Acquired and Divested

Most significant companies divested in 2015
	2015 NN Group
General
Primary line of business		Insurance
Sales proceeds
Cash proceeds1		1,148
Investment retained in NN Group2		3,612
Sales proceeds		4,760
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		9,238
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		46,425
Available-for-sale investments		76,529
Loans and advances to customers		28,617
Reinsurance contracts		266
Intangible assets		177
Deferred acquisition costs		1,509
Miscellaneous other assets		6,204
Liabilities
Insurance and investment contracts		121,721
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		2,105
Miscellaneous other liabilities		24,135
Net assets		21,004
% disposed2		54.8	%
Net assets disposed		11,510
Loss on disposal3,4		–1,185

¹  Cash outflow/inflow on group companies in the statement of cash flow included, in addition to the cash amounts in this table, also cash outflows/inflows on individually insignificant disposals.

²  IFRS required the derecognition of the subsidiary and the recognition of the respective retained investments in NN Group of 42.43% at the fair value on the date of disposal.

³  The loss on disposal only reflects the impact on the statement of profit or loss of the transaction that resulted in derecognition of the company and includes the sales proceeds, the net assets disposed, the expenses directly related to the disposal and the realisation of unrealised reserves.

⁴  The portion of the loss attributable to measuring the retained investment in NN Group at its fair value amounted to EUR –5,412 million.

XML

Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Principal Subsidiaries, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures

The principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures of ING Groep N.V. and their statutory place of incorporation or primary place of business are as follows:

Principal subsidiaries, investments in associates and joint ventures
			Proportion of ownership and interest held by the Group
			2017			2016
Subsidiary	Statutory place of Incorporation	Country of operation
ING Bank N.V.	Amsterdam	the Netherlands		100	%		100	%
Bank Mendes Gans N.V.	Amsterdam	the Netherlands		100	%		100	%
ING Lease (Nederland) B.V.	Amsterdam	the Netherlands		100	%		100	%
Record Bank	Brussels	Belgium		100	%		100	%
ING Belgium S.A./N.V.	Brussels	Belgium		100	%		100	%
ING Luxembourg S.A.	Luxembourg City	Luxembourg		100	%		100	%
ING-DiBa AG	Frankfurt am Main	Germany		100	%		100	%
ING Bank Slaski S.A.	Katowice	Poland		75	%		75	%
ING Financial Holdings Corporation	Delaware	United States of America		100	%		100	%
ING Bank A.S.	Istanbul	Turkey		100	%		100	%
ING Bank (Australia) Ltd	Sydney	Australia		100	%		100	%
ING Bank (Eurasia) Joint stock company	Moscow	Russia		100	%		100	%
Investments in associates and joint ventures
TMB Public Company Limited	Bangkok	Thailand		30	%		30	%

XML

Structured entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Covered Bond Programme

Covered bond programme
	Fair value pledged mortgage loans				Cash balance structured entity
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Dutch Covered Bond Companies		41,062		43,931		323		39
		41,062		43,931		323		39

XML

Related parties (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Summary of Significant Investments in Subsidiaries

Transactions with ING Group’s main subsidiaries
	ING Bank N.V.
	2017		2016
Assets		21,277		14,903
Liabilities		377		70
Income received		448		414
Expenses paid		3		30

Disclosure of Shares and Stock Options to Key Management

Transactions with ING Group’s main associates and joint ventures
	Associates				Joint ventures
	2017		20161		2017		2016
Assets		120		27		9		12
Liabilities		86		16		5		59
Off-balance sheet commitments		92		34		1		2
Income received						8		9
Expenses paid						6		1

¹  Includes transactions with NN Group until ING lost significant influence in January 2016.

Summary of Information About Key Management Personnel

Key management personnel compensation (Executive Board and Management Board Banking)
2017 in EUR thousands	Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.1,2		Management Board Banking1,3,4		Total
Fixed Compensation
– Base salary		4,399		3,772		8,171
– Collective fixed allowances5		1,418		1,180		2,598
– Pension costs		96		118		214
– Severance benefits		1,204		–		1,204
Variable compensation
– Upfront cash		–		463		463
– Upfront shares		226		485		711
– Deferred cash		–		694		694
– Deferred shares		339		728		1,067
– Other		–		–		–
Total compensation		7,682		7,440		15,122

¹  Includes their compensation earned in the capacity as Board members.

²  In 2017 two members left and two members joined the Executive Board.

³  Excluding members that are also members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.

⁴  In the Management Board Banking, excluding the Executive Board members, one member left and one member joined in 2017

⁵  The collective fixed allowances consist of two savings allowances applicable to employees in the Netherlands; an individual savings allowance of 3.5% and a collective savings allowance to compensate for loss of pension benefits with respect to salary in excess of EUR 103,317.    

Key management personnel compensation (Executive Board and Management Board Banking)
2016 in EUR thousands	Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.1		Management Board Banking1,2,3		Total
Fixed Compensation
– Base salary		4,070		4,111		8,181
– Collective fixed allowances4		1,167		1,167		2,334
– Pension costs		78		108		186
– Severance benefits		–		918		918
Variable compensation
– Upfront cash		–		485		485
– Upfront shares		300		572		872
– Deferred cash		–		727		727
– Deferred shares		449		857		1,306
– Other		–		1,184		1,184
Total compensation		6,064		10,129		16,193

¹  Includes their compensation earned in the capacity as Board members.

²  Excluding members that are also members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V.

³  In 2016, one new member joined and one member retired

⁴  The collective fixed allowances consist of two savings allowances applicable to employees in the Netherlands; an individual savings allowance of 3.5% and a collective savings allowance to compensate for loss of pension benefits with respect to salary in excess of EUR 101,519.    

Summary of Key Management Personnel Compensation of Supervisory Board

Key management personnel compensation (Supervisory Board)
in EUR thousands	2017		2016
Total compensation		1,022		1,088

Summary of Loan and Advances to Key Management Personnel Explanatory

Loans and advances to key management personnel 1
	Amount outstanding 31 December				Average interest rate						Repayments
in EUR thousands	2017		2016		2017			2016			2017		2016
Executive Board members		2,681		2,849		1.8	%		2.6	%		–		150
Management Board Banking		550		532		2.3	%		3.8	%		–		–
Supervisory Board members		–		–		–			–			–		–
Total		3,231		3,381		–			–			–		150

¹  Year on year development includes changes due to change in composition of the Board.

Disclosure of Shares and Stock Options to Key Management

Number of ING Groep N.V. shares and stock options to key management personnel
	ING Groep N.V. shares				Stock options on ING Groep N.V. shares
in numbers	2017		2016		2017		2016
Executive Board members		202,357		261,684		174,318		95,921
Management Board Banking		112,342		120,646		37,415		123,237
Supervisory Board members		172,734		172,734		113,385		226,864
Total number of shares and stock options		487,433		555,064		325,118		446,022

XML

Risk management section (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Exposure classes: ING Bank portfolio per risk category, as % of total regulatory EAD

Exposure classes: ING Bank portfolio per risk category, as % of total regulatory EAD
	Lending		Investment		Money Market		Pre-Settlement		Total		Total (ALL)
2017	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB	SA	AIRB + SA
Sovereigns	1.8%	0.2%	7.0%	0.1%	2.4%	0.1%	0.4%	0.0%	11.6%	0.4%	12.0%
Institutions	3.9%	0.6%	1.1%	0.0%	0.3%	0.0%	3.8%	0.1%	9.2%	0.6%	9.8%
Corporate	33.7%	0.8%	0.4%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	1.3%	0.0%	35.5%	0.8%	36.3%
Residential mortgages	33.4%	1.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	33.4%	1.9%	35.3%
Other retail	4.5%	1.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	4.5%	1.3%	5.8%
Securitisation	0.2%	0.0%	0.6%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.8%	0.0%	0.8%
Total	77.6%	4.7%	9.1%	0.1%	2.7%	0.2%	5.5%	0.1%	94.9%	5.1%	100.0%

Exposure classes: ING Bank portfolio per risk category, as % of total regulatory EAD
	Lending						Investment						Money Market						Pre-Settlement						Total				Total (ALL)
2016	AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA			AIRB			SA	AIRB + SA
Sovereigns		2.2	%		0.0	%		7.9	%		0.1	%		1.7	%		0.2	%		0.2	%		0.0	%		12.0	%	0.3%	12.3%
Institutions		3.1	%		0.3	%		1.8	%		0.0	%		0.4	%		0.0	%		4.9	%		0.1	%		10.2	%	0.3%	10.5%
Corporate		32.8	%		1.4	%		0.4	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		1.7	%		0.0	%		35.0	%	1.5%	36.5%
Residential mortgages		33.4	%		0.9	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		33.4	%	0.9%	34.3%
Other retail		4.2	%		1.4	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		4.2	%	1.4%	5.6%
Securitisation		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.8	%	0.0%	0.8%
Total		75.8	%		4.0	%		10.8	%		0.1	%		2.1	%		0.2	%		6.9	%		0.1	%		95.6	%	4.4%	100.0%

Risk classes per line of business, as % of total outstandings

Risk classes: ING Bank portfolio per line of business, as % of total outstandings 1,2,3
													Retail Challengers &
	Wholesale Banking						Retail Benelux						Growth Markets						Corporate Line						Total
Rating class	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
1 (AAA)		6.0	%		7.1	%		0.2	%		0.2	%		7.3	%		7.3	%		57.5	%		42.7	%		5.5	%		5.5	%
2-4 (AA)		11.4	%		11.9	%		3.1	%		5.7	%		16.3	%		16.1	%		0.1	%		0.3	%		10.1	%		11.0	%
5-7 (A)		20.2	%		18.9	%		8.2	%		4.2	%		19.8	%		15.0	%		4.8	%		3.9	%		16.4	%		13.4	%
8-10 (BBB)		27.5	%		27.0	%		42.3	%		34.5	%		28.1	%		32.7	%		26.7	%		7.5	%		31.9	%		30.5	%
11-13 (BB)		26.9	%		26.5	%		34.6	%		43.2	%		21.0	%		21.5	%		8.3	%		42.2	%		27.3	%		30.3	%
14-16 (B)		5.2	%		5.5	%		7.1	%		7.5	%		5.6	%		5.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		5.8	%		6.1	%
17-22 (CCC & NPL)		2.8	%		3.0	%		4.5	%		4.7	%		1.9	%		1.8	%		2.6	%		3.5	%		3.0	%		3.2	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Based on credit risk measurement contained in lending, pre-settlement, money market and investment activities.

² Covered bonds are presented on the basis of the external credit rating of the issuer in question. Covered bond issues generally possess a better external credit rating than the issuer standalone, given structural features of such covered bonds.

³ Outstandings (OS) split per business line: Wholesale Banking (EUR 335 billion OS), Retail Benelux (EUR 225 billion OS), Retail Challengers & Growth Markets (EUR 201 billion OS), Corporate Line (EUR 12 billion OS).

Risk classes: ING Bank portfolio per credit risk type, as % of total outstandings1

Risk classes: ING Bank portfolio per credit risk type, as % of total outstandings1,2
	Lending						Investment						Money Market						Pre-settlement						Total
Rating class	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
1 (AAA)		1.8	%		1.9	%		29.7	%		28.3	%		22.6	%		14.5	%		5.4	%		3.4	%		5.5	%		5.5	%
2-4 (AA)		4.5	%		5.2	%		39.6	%		40.4	%		58.8	%		50.4	%		14.0	%		14.8	%		10.1	%		11.0	%
5-7 (A)		14.2	%		10.1	%		17.6	%		16.9	%		7.3	%		14.0	%		49.0	%		47.5	%		16.4	%		13.4	%
8-10 (BBB)		36.6	%		35.3	%		9.6	%		6.9	%		3.0	%		4.2	%		19.4	%		23.3	%		31.9	%		30.5	%
11-13 (BB)		32.2	%		36.0	%		3.3	%		7.2	%		7.9	%		15.4	%		10.2	%		9.1	%		27.3	%		30.3	%
14-16 (B)		7.0	%		7.5	%		0.0	%		0.2	%		0.4	%		1.5	%		1.4	%		1.5	%		5.8	%		6.1	%
17-22 (CCC & NPL)		3.7	%		4.0	%		0.2	%		0.1	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.6	%		0.4	%		3.0	%		3.2	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Based on credit risk measurement contained in lending, pre-settlement, money market and investment activities.

² Covered bonds are presented on the basis of the external credit rating of the issuer in question. Covered bond issues generally possess a better external credit rating than the issuer standalone, given structural features of such covered bonds.

Risk concentration: ING Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings

Risk concentration: ING Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings 1
	Wholesale Banking						Retail Benelux						Retail Challengers & Growth Markets						Corporate Line						Total
Industry	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
Private Individuals		0.0	%		0.0	%		72.6	%		73.4	%		72.6	%		68.8	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		40.1	%		39.5	%
Commercial Banks		14.7	%		14.8	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		4.9	%		6.5	%		40.1	%		56.4	%		8.3	%		8.8	%
Natural Resources		15.7	%		15.0	%		0.4	%		0.4	%		0.6	%		0.7	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		7.1	%		6.8	%
Real Estate		10.8	%		10.2	%		5.1	%		4.7	%		1.0	%		0.9	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		6.4	%		6.0	%
Central Governments		8.7	%		9.9	%		1.1	%		0.9	%		4.9	%		5.6	%		26.4	%		36.3	%		5.8	%		6.5	%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		9.7	%		10.4	%		1.0	%		0.9	%		1.2	%		3.2	%		6.5	%		7.3	%		4.9	%		5.7	%
Transportation & Logistics		7.3	%		8.0	%		1.2	%		1.1	%		0.4	%		0.4	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		3.6	%		3.9	%
Central Banks		4.7	%		5.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.9	%		1.6	%		27.0	%		0.0	%		3.0	%		2.7	%
Services		3.7	%		3.2	%		4.0	%		3.6	%		0.6	%		0.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.9	%		2.6	%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		3.8	%		3.7	%		2.2	%		2.1	%		1.3	%		1.3	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.6	%		2.6	%
Lower Public		1.1	%		1.2	%		2.2	%		2.8	%		5.8	%		5.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.6	%		2.8	%
Administration
General Industries		4.0	%		3.4	%		1.6	%		1.5	%		1.5	%		1.5	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.6	%		2.3	%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		2.5	%		2.4	%		2.8	%		2.8	%		0.7	%		0.7	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		2.1	%		2.1	%
Other		13.3	%		12.7	%		5.6	%		5.5	%		2.6	%		2.6	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		8.0	%		7.7	%
Total		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Based on the total amount of credit risk in the respective column using ING’s internal credit risk measurement methodologies. Economic sectors below 2% are not shown separately but grouped in Other.

Country risk exposures: ING Bank portfolio, by geographic area

Country risk exposures: ING Bank portfolio, by geographic area 1
		Wholesale Banking						Retail Benelux						Retail Challengers & Growth Markets						Corporate Line						Total
Region		2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
Europe	Netherlands		12.8	%		14.2	%		62.3	%		65.5	%		0.2	%		0.5	%		64.4	%		50.6	%		24.0	%		25.7	%
	Germany		5.7	%		5.4	%		0.2	%		0.2	%		46.0	%		44.4	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		13.8	%		13.3	%
	Belgium		6.8	%		6.2	%		35.1	%		32.1	%		0.3	%		0.5	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		12.9	%		12.0	%
	Rest of Europe²		41.0	%		40.8	%		2.2	%		2.0	%		34.4	%		35.5	%		0.6	%		0.2	%		28.3	%		28.2	%
Americas			19.5	%		19.5	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.2	%		1.5	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		9.5	%		9.5	%
Asia/Pacific			11.9	%		11.6	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		34.5	%		48.8	%		6.1	%		6.0	%
Australia			1.4	%		1.3	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		17.8	%		17.5	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		5.0	%		4.8	%
Rest of World			0.9	%		1.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.4	%		0.5	%
Total			100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

¹ Geographic areas are based on country of residence, except for private individuals for which the geographic areas are based on the primary country of risk.

² The top 5 exposures within Rest of Europe are to the United Kingdom (3.8%), Poland (3.8%), France (3.2%), Spain (3.1%) and Italy (2.4%).

Cover values including guarantees received

Cover values including guarantees received - Total ING Bank - 2017
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/ CRDIV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			Partially covered			Fully covered
Consumer Lending		308,349		512,709		3,680		338		25,130		38,551		6.3	%		9.3	%		84.4	%
Business Lending		320,153		134,667		15,185		99,569		90,777		128,985		35.3	%		24.1	%		40.6	%
Investment and Money Market		100,450				59		117		522				99.5	%		0.4	%		0.2	%
Total Lending, Investment and Money Market		728,951		647,376		18,923		100,024		116,429		167,536		31.9	%		14.6	%		53.6	%
Pre-settlement 1		44,685
Total Bank		773,636		647,376		18,923		100,024		116,429		167,536		31.9	%		14.6	%		53.6	%

¹ More information on the credit risk mitigants can be found in the Pre-settlement section.

Cover values including guarantees received - Total ING Bank - 2016
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/ CRDIV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			Partially covered			Fully covered
Consumer Lending		304,448		486,156		3,494		391		25,846		34,839		5.6	%		14.3	%		80.1	%
Business Lending		310,395		128,578		17,004		89,204		98,559		132,672		33.6	%		28.1	%		38.3	%
Investment and Money Market		110,218								989				99.1	%		0.3	%		0.6	%
Total Lending, Investment and Money Market		725,061		614,734		20,498		89,595		125,395		167,511		31.8	%		18.1	%		50.1	%
Pre-settlement 1		50,003
Total Bank		775,065		614,734		20,498		89,595		125,395		167,511		31.8	%		18.1	%		50.1	%

¹ More information on the credit risk mitigants can be found in the Pre-settlement section.

Consumer lending portfolio – cover values

The below tables show the values of different covers and the VTL split between performing and non-performing loans.

Cover values including guarantees received - Consumer lending portfolio – 2017
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% –<100%			³ 100%
Performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		277,776		500,753		2,980		116		23,597		32,104		0.0	%		0.0	%		0.1	%		1.2	%		8.5	%		90.2	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		4,882		7,411		68		67		155		1,342		0.0	%		0.4	%		1.2	%		1.6	%		7.7	%		89.1	%
Other Consumer Lending		21,791		246		604		142		1,147		4,384		84.6	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		0.7	%		14.1	%
Total Performing		304,449		508,409		3,652		325		24,900		37,830		6.1	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.1	%		7.9	%		84.7	%
Non-performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		2,883		4,046		26		4		211		646		0.8	%		0.2	%		0.6	%		4.1	%		18.9	%		75.4	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		159		249		0		5		10		21		0.7	%		1.9	%		0.6	%		1.8	%		10.7	%		84.2	%
Other Consumer Lending		857		6		1		4		9		53		95.6	%		0.3	%		0.1	%		0.2	%		0.7	%		3.0	%
Total Non-performing		3,900		4,300		27		13		230		720		21.6	%		0.3	%		0.5	%		3.1	%		14.6	%		59.9	%
Total Consumer Lending		308,349		512,709		3,680		338		25,130		38,551		6.3	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.1	%		8.0	%		84.4	%

¹ Consists mainly of residential mortgages to small one man business clients

Cover values including guarantees received - Consumer lending portfolio – 2016
			Cover type										Value to Loan
	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		276,412		473,271		2,754		136		24,664		29,421		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.4	%		13.4	%		85.0	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		4,439		6,911		62		70		145		827		0.0	%		0.4	%		0.4	%		1.3	%		8.6	%		89.3	%
Other Consumer Lending		19,448		1,599		647		167		761		3,939		83.6	%		0.3	%		0.2	%		0.3	%		1.0	%		14.6	%
Total Performing		300,299		481,781		3,463		373		25,570		34,187		5.4	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.3	%		12.5	%		80.6	%
Non-performing
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals)		3,197		4,097		29		5		255		567		0.5	%		0.3	%		0.8	%		6.1	%		27.4	%		64.9	%
Residential Mortgages (SME) ¹		176		265		1		10		10		25		0.8	%		0.3	%		1.1	%		2.1	%		13.4	%		82.3	%
Other Consumer Lending		776		13		1		3		11		60		94.1	%		0.4	%		0.2	%		0.3	%		1.1	%		3.9	%
Total Non-performing		4,149		4,375		31		18		276		652		18.0	%		0.3	%		0.7	%		4.8	%		21.9	%		54.3	%
Total Consumer Lending		304,448		486,156		3,494		391		25,846		34,839		5.6	%		0.1	%		0.1	%		1.4	%		12.7	%		80.1	%

¹  Consists mainly of residential mortgages to small one man business clients

Business lending per economic sector

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2017
			Cover type										Value to Loan
Industry	Outstandings		Mortgages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Natural Resources		50,754		1,090		2,359		20,529		16,162		18,501		32.6	%		12.4	%		10.5	%		10.7	%		9.2	%		24.6	%
Real Estate		49,098		81,749		1,641		1,363		7,179		8,084		6.4	%		1.1	%		0.9	%		3.2	%		9.3	%		79.2	%
Transportation & Logistics		26,352		3,151		139		21,428		6,983		7,734		19.2	%		5.0	%		1.3	%		4.5	%		12.9	%		57.2	%
Commercial Banks		26,265		324		126		2,370		1,624		746		86.2	%		1.1	%		0.2	%		1.0	%		2.3	%		9.1	%
Services		21,369		8,747		2,800		4,318		7,148		12,315		34.8	%		4.0	%		4.2	%		5.8	%		9.1	%		42.1	%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		18,739		7,170		269		7,791		7,529		15,287		26.2	%		4.2	%		5.2	%		10.7	%		11.6	%		42.1	%
General Industries		18,711		4,676		210		6,529		6,152		12,169		36.9	%		3.4	%		6.0	%		7.7	%		8.5	%		37.5	%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		17,394		1,774		5,362		13,018		5,070		10,255		36.4	%		6.2	%		5.0	%		8.9	%		2.6	%		41.0	%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		14,905		8,159		240		3,381		3,171		7,239		36.3	%		2.6	%		3.3	%		7.6	%		12.1	%		38.0	%
Builders & Contractors 1		14,242		6,517		230		4,789		4,535		7,886		35.4	%		4.2	%		5.0	%		6.0	%		8.9	%		40.4	%
Utilities		13,503		777		911		4,134		3,920		6,325		39.7	%		8.7	%		3.3	%		4.8	%		6.4	%		37.1	%
Others 2		48,821		10,534		899		9,918		21,302		22,444		49.7	%		5.3	%		4.4	%		4.4	%		8.3	%		27.9	%
Total Business Lending		320,153		134,667		15,185		99,569		90,777		128,985		35.3	%		5.2	%		4.3	%		6.1	%		8.6	%		40.6	%
of which Total Non-performing		8,531		4,132		441		3,261		2,947		2,877		0.23			3.9	%		6.1	%		7.3	%		17.0	%		42.4	%

¹  In 2017 the sector ‘builders and constructors’ is shown seperately.

²  ‘Others’ comprises industries with outstandings below EUR 13 billion.

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2016
			Cover type										Value to Loan
Industry	Out- standings		Mort- gages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guarantees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Natural Resources		50,402		3,810		3,399		19,543		20,014		23,022		22.2	%		8.7	%		15.3	%		15.1	%		15.5	%		23.2	%
Real Estate		45,974		72,471		1,685		1,166		7,610		8,534		5.7	%		1.5	%		1.4	%		4.8	%		12.5	%		74.1	%
Transportation & Logistics		28,168		3,336		405		22,486		9,125		8,475		19.0	%		3.7	%		3.2	%		5.6	%		14.6	%		53.9	%
Commercial Banks		22,025		336		220		1,622		1,732		1,039		86.7	%		1.9	%		1.3	%		0.7	%		1.4	%		8.0	%
Services		19,252		9,010		1,389		5,420		6,034		10,369		32.4	%		3.4	%		5.0	%		7.5	%		10.9	%		40.8	%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		18,158		6,942		611		7,459		6,813		15,678		26.9	%		3.4	%		5.8	%		11.1	%		13.3	%		39.5	%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		17,211		1,885		6,060		5,338		7,268		9,075		35.5	%		8.7	%		6.0	%		7.0	%		6.1	%		36.7	%
General Industries		17,082		4,988		278		5,852		6,658		11,781		31.5	%		3.8	%		7.3	%		6.8	%		9.6	%		41.0	%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		14,732		7,636		227		3,458		3,342		7,233		34.7	%		3.1	%		5.6	%		10.6	%		12.5	%		33.5	%
Utilities		13,160		1,359		1,167		3,309		4,306		7,354		40.9	%		5.8	%		2.9	%		3.4	%		6.1	%		40.9	%
Others ¹		64,231		16,805		1,563		13,551		25,657		30,112		51.3	%		2.5	%		5.2	%		5.5	%		8.3	%		27.2	%
Total Business Lending		310,395		128,578		17,004		89,204		98,559		132,672		33.6	%		4.1	%		5.9	%		7.4	%		10.6	%		38.3	%
of which Total Non-performing		9,438		4,352		293		3,210		3,961		3,705		24.1	%		4.4	%		6.4	%		14.2	%		13.8	%		37.2	%

¹  ‘Others’ comprises industries with outstandings below EUR 13 billion.

Business lending per region

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2017
				Cover type										Value to Loan
Region		Out- standings		Mort- gages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guaran- tees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Africa			2,713		10		60		238		2,007		608		26.0	%		3.7	%		3.2	%		9.0	%		19.8	%		38.2	%
America			40,603		4,819		4,504		29,677		6,712		18,799		35.0	%		3.5	%		5.0	%		7.4	%		8.4	%		40.7	%
Asia			41,100		670		1,343		12,319		15,126		9,061		45.8	%		10.2	%		6.1	%		6.4	%		4.7	%		26.9	%
Australia			5,578		4,266		49		1,018		685		857		34.8	%		1.3	%		3.4	%		4.6	%		7.3	%		48.6	%
	Belgium		46,993		32,474		1,280		6,483		18,514		27,670		27.5	%		1.9	%		2.7	%		4.7	%		6.4	%		56.8	%
Europe	Germany		11,952		2,067		41		575		1,485		3,400		56.3	%		4.6	%		4.3	%		4.3	%		3.6	%		26.8	%
	Netherlands		62,391		51,973		2,406		24,229		8,233		13,005		26.5	%		2.8	%		3.5	%		7.7	%		15.1	%		44.3	%
	Rest of Europe		108,822		38,389		5,502		25,029		38,014		55,585		37.8	%		6.9	%		4.7	%		5.3	%		7.6	%		37.7	%
Total Business Lending			320,153		134,667		15,185		99,569		90,777		128,985		35.3	%		5.2	%		4.3	%		6.1	%		8.6	%		40.6	%
of which Non-performing			8,531		4,132		441		3,261		2,947		2,877		23.2	%		3.9	%		6.1	%		7.3	%		17.0	%		42.4	%

Cover values including guarantees received - Business lending portfolio – 2016
				Cover type										Value to Loan
Region		Out- standings		Mort- gages		Eligible Financial Collateral		Other CRR/CRD IV eligible		Guaran- tees		Non CRR/ CRD IV eligible		No Cover			>0% –25%			>25% –50%			>50% –75%			>75% – <100%			³ 100%
Africa			2,533		14		158		922		2,142		645		17.5	%		10.7	%		5.2	%		10.8	%		22.6	%		33.2	%
America			40,096		5,484		4,416		21,080		10,090		21,611		35.8	%		4.8	%		4.8	%		6.7	%		12.6	%		35.3	%
Asia			39,455		1,087		1,395		12,182		17,381		9,643		37.2	%		7.2	%		10.1	%		7.9	%		9.9	%		27.7	%
Australia			5,394		3,603		11		947		885		769		24.3	%		9.4	%		5.6	%		1.0	%		8.2	%		51.5	%
	Belgium		44,815		30,807		1,655		6,287		18,249		27,038		28.7	%		2.2	%		2.9	%		4.2	%		7.2	%		54.8	%
Europe	Germany		8,777		1,587		300		688		1,402		3,191		51.8	%		2.7	%		2.5	%		5.2	%		1.1	%		36.7	%
	Netherlands		63,597		47,941		3,007		23,451		7,990		14,849		26.5	%		2.2	%		4.5	%		11.7	%		18.0	%		37.1	%
	Rest of Europe		105,728		38,055		6,062		23,647		40,420		54,926		37.2	%		4.3	%		7.2	%		6.6	%		8.0	%		36.7	%
Total Business Lending			310,395		128,578		17,004		89,204		98,559		132,672		33.6	%		4.1	%		5.9	%		7.4	%		10.7	%		38.3	%
of which Non-performing			9,438		4,352		293		3,210		3,961		3,705		24.1	%		4.4	%		6.4	%		14.2	%		13.8	%		37.1	%

Pre-settlement portfolio

Pre-settlement portfolio
		2017								2016
Region		Gross MtM before netting and collateral		MtM after netting		MtM after netting and collateral		Outstandings		Gross MtM before netting and collateral		MtM after netting		MtM after netting and collateral		Outstandings
Africa			107		96		85		119		84		49		47		89
America			21,296		10,864		6,846		7,690		20,866		10,891		6,549		9,241
Asia			7,150		3,663		3,020		3,542		8,318		4,743		3,558		3,918
Australia			483		264		241		532		537		303		228		492
	Belgium		5,165		3,761		2,880		2,215		5,463		3,368		2,871		2,455
	Germany		4,481		2,091		1,397		2,264		5,300		2,757		1,842		3,479
Europe	Netherlands		6,701		4,174		2,771		4,062		9,146		5,859		3,741		4,848
	Rest of Europe		104,788		22,404		17,637		24,260		124,173		31,656		26,648		25,481
Total Pre-settlement			150,171		47,316		34,877		44,685		173,887		59,626		45,484		50,003
of which Non-performing			23		25		25		29		37		36		36		36

Credit quality: ING Bank portfolio, outstandings

Credit quality: ING Bank portfolio, outstandings
	2017		2016
Neither past due nor non-performing		756,803		757,498
Consumer lending past due but performing (1–90 days)		4,352		3,970
Non-performing 1		12,481		13,597
Total		773,636		775,065

¹  Based on lending and investment activities

Aging analysis (past due but performing)

Aging analysis (past due but performing): ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings 1
	2017		2016
Past due for 1–30 days		3,464		3,368
Past due for 31–60 days		724		532
Past due for 61–90 days		163		70
Total		4,352		3,970

¹  Based on consumer lending. The amount of past due but performing financial assets in respect of non-lending activities was not significant.

Aging analysis (past due but performing): ING Bank consumer lending portfolio by geographic area, outstandings 1
						2017		2016
Region		Residential Mortgages		Other retail		Total		Total
Africa			1		0		1		1
America			3		0		3		2
Asia			1		0		1		2
Australia			251		0		251		540
Europe	Belgium		1,123		547		1,671		1,444
	Germany		407		89		497		251
	Netherlands		1,028		35		1,062		947
	Rest of Europe		411		455		866		783
Total			3,225		1,127		4,352		3,970

¹  Based on consumer lending. The amount of past due but performing financial assets in respect of non-lending activities was not significant.

Non-performing Loans

The table below represents the breakdown by industry of credit risk outstanding for lending and investment positions that have been classified as non-performing.

Non-performing Loans: ING Bank portfolio, outstandings by economic sector
Industry	2017		2016
Private Individuals		4,094		4,382
Natural Resources		1,742		1,387
Real Estate		1,523		1,808
Transportation & Logistics		983		1,056
Builders & Contractors		863		955
General Industries		612		710
Services		578		689
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		570		705
Other ¹		1,516		1,905
Total		12,481		13,597

¹  Economic sectors not specified in above overview are grouped in Other.

Provisions: ING Bank portfolio

Provisions: ING Bank portfolio 1,2
	Wholesale Banking				Retail Benelux				Retail Challengers & Growth Markets				Total ING Bank
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
Opening Balance		2,147		2,371		1,884		2,199		1,277		1,216		5,308		5,786
Amounts written off		–566		–625		–519		–681		–194		–188		–1,279		–1,494
Recoveries of amounts written off		3		49		53		38		3		7		59		94
Net addition to loan loss provisions		284		367		117		347		274		260		676		974
Exchange rate or other movements		–92		–15		–2		–19		–42		–18		–136		–52
Closing Balance		1,776		2,147		1,533		1,884		1,318		1,277		4,628		5,308

¹  At the end of 2017, the stock of provisions included provisions for amounts due from banks: EUR 8 million (2016: EUR 11 million).

²  Includes EUR 104 million provisions for contingent liabilities (2016: EUR 119 million).

Summary Forborne assets

ING Bank: Summary Forborne assets 1
	2017									2016
Business Line	Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		% of total portfolio			Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		% of total portfolio
Wholesale Banking		6,162		2,776		3,386		2.1	%		7,776		3,978		3,799		2.7	%
Retail Banking		5,657		3,074		2,583		1.3	%		7,104		3,944		3,159		1.7	%
Total		11,819		5,849		5,969		1.6	%		14,880		7,922		6,958		2.1	%

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

Wholesale Banking: Forborne assets by geographical area 1
		2017						2016
Region		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing
	Netherlands		1,593		816		777		2,200		1,100		1,100
	Belgium		223		105		118		245		103		142
Europe	Germany		45		23		22		41		13		28
	Rest of Europe		2,456		867		1,589		3,016		1,496		1,521
Africa			156		84		72		197		112		85
America			1,212		584		628		1,387		709		678
Asia			428		291		137		663		445		218
Australia			49		7		42		27		0		27
Total			6,162		2,776		3,386		7,776		3,978		3,799

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

Wholesale Banking: Forborne assets by economic sector 1
	2017						2016
Industry	Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing
Natural Resources		1,995		743		1,251		2,385		1,232		1,152
Real Estate		1,467		824		643		1,775		1,015		759
Transportation & Logistics		988		398		590		1,319		685		634
Builders & Contractors		435		174		261		429		269		160
General Industries		329		140		189		411		112		299
Services		289		137		151		414		198		216
Food, Beverages & Personal Care		199		139		60		207		141		66
Utilities		177		9		168		259		58		201
Retail		82		56		26		49		18		31
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals		56		52		4		76		65		11
Non-Bank Financial Institutions		51		49		3		12		7		5
Telecom		39		14		25		152		39		114
Other		55		40		15		290		139		150
Total		6,162		2,776		3,386		7,776		3,978		3,799

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

Retail Banking: Forborne assets by geographical area 1
		2017						2016
Region		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing		Forborne assets		Of which: Performing		Of which: Non-Performing
Europe	Netherlands		3,036		1,727		1,309		4,301		2,395		1,906
	Belgium		1,096		399		697		1,139		418		721
	Germany		541		432		109		644		511		132
	Rest of Europe		639		342		297		651		335		317
Africa			1		0		1		1		0		1
America			1		0		1		3		0		2
Asia			2		2		0		1		0		1
Australia			342		172		170		364		285		79
Total			5,657		3,074		2,583		7,104		3,944		3,159

¹  Undrawn commitments are excluded.    

Net Interest Income (NII) at Risk

NII-at-Risk banking books per business - year 1

	2017				2016
	Ramped,		unfloored		Instantaneous,		floored
	parallel  q		parallel  p		parallel  q		+100 bps
By business
Wholesale Banking		–185		201		–15		138
Retail Banking Benelux		17		–48		–73		–88
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets		101		–133		20		58
Corporate Line Banking		–24		13		8		116
Total		–91		33		–60		224

The NII-at-Risk is mainly influenced by the sensitivity of savings to interest rate movements due to pass through rate differences between savings rates and investment yields and is partially offset by the sensitivity of mortgages. The investment of own funds only impacts the Earnings sensitivity marginally, as only a relatively small part has to be (re)invested within the 1-year horizon.

NII-at-Risk banking book per currency - year 1

	2017				2016
	Ramped,		unfloored		Instantaneous,		floored
	parallel q		parallel p		parallel q		+100 bps
By currency
Euro		–83		9		–54		186
US Dollar		10		–20		–14		19
Other		–19		44		8		19
Total		–91		33		–60		224

Net Present Value (NPV) at Risk

NPV-at-Risk banking books per business

	2017				2016
			unfloored				floored
	parallel q		parallel p		parallel q		+100 bps
By business
Wholesale Banking		309		–184		–157		–19
Retail Banking Benelux		–492		–468		–224		–287
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets		–368		–17		328		–435
Corporate Line Banking		1,476		–1,404		115		–1,186
Total		926		–2,073		61		–1,926

NPV-at-Risk banking books per accounting category

	2017				2016
			unfloored				floored
	parallel q		parallel p		parallel q		+100 bps
By accounting category
Amortised costs		–2,390		1,052		114		248
Available for Sale		2,839		–2,719		115		–2,153
Fair value through profit and loss		476		–406		–168		–21
Total		926		–2,073		61		–1,926

Basis Point Value (BPV)

BPV banking books per currency
in EUR thousand	2017		2016
By currency
Euro		–18,446		–13,043
US Dollar		–1,417		–550
Other		1,583		–1,303
Total		–18,280		–14,896

Risk profile - FX translation result

Net banking currency exposures banking books
	Foreign Investments				Hedges				Net exposures
	2017		2016		2017		2016		2017		2016
US Dollar		2,487		2,852		4		280		2,491		3,133
Pound Sterling		667		701		–		–128		667		573
Polish Zloty		2,398		1,927		–618		–584		1,780		1,344
Australian Dollar		3,769		3,856		–2792		–3,324		977		532
Turkish Lira		1,828		2,066		–		–3		1,828		2,063
Chinese Yuan		2,762		3,012		–		–161		2,762		2,851
Korean Won		954		958		–817		–779		137		179
Indian Rupee		937		714		–		–		937		714
Brazilian Real		211		253		–		–		211		253
Russian Rouble		549		589		–154		–224		395		364
Other currency		2,828		2,863		–1,200		–1,472		1,628		1,391
Total		19,390		19,792		–5,576		–6,396		13,815		13,396

Equities Unrealised Gains and Losses in the AFS portfolio
	2017		2016
Gross unrealised gains		2,478		2,675
Gross unrealised losses		–4		–19
Total		2,474		2,656

Real Estate market risk exposure in banking books (by geographic area and sector type)
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Continent					Sector
Europe		827		969	Residential		72		104
Americas		25		36	Office		785		895
Australia		0		0	Retail		8		19
Asia		0		0	Industrial		12		18
Other		82		104	Other		57		72
Total		934		1,109	Total		934		1,108

Risk profile ,overnight VaR

1d VaR for Internal Model Approach trading portfolios1
amounts in millions of euros	Minimum			Maximum			Average			Year end
		2017	2016		2017	2016		2017	2016		2017	2016
Interest rate		3	3		8	10		4	5		4	5
Equity and commodity		1	2		4	11		3	5		2	4
Foreign exchange		1	1		4	5		2	2		1	2
Credit spread		3	4		7	11		5	6		4	7
Diversification2								–7	–7		–6	–12
Total VaR		4	5		9	22		6	11		5	6

¹ CVA risk is not included in VaR.

² The total VaR for the columns Minimum and Maximum cannot be calculated by taking the sum of the individual components since the observations for both the individual markets as well as total VaR may occur on different dates.

EU MR3: Internal Model Approach values for trading portfolios
amounts in millions of euros		2017		2016
VaR (10 day 99%)
1	Maximum value		43		64
2	Average value		22		33
3	Minimum value		14		9
4	Period end		17		36
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%)
5	Maximum value		96		131
6	Average value		56		72
7	Minimum value		33		40
8	Period end		67		84
Incremental Risk Charge (99.9%)
9	Maximum value		158		292
10	Average value		114		207
11	Minimum value		78		120
12	Period end		78		120
Comprehensive Risk capital charge (99.9%)
13	Maximum value		n/a		n/a
14	Average value		n/a		n/a
15	Minimum value		n/a		n/a
16	Period end		n/a		n/a

Regulatory Capital, Market risk

EU MR1: Market risk under Standardised Approach
		2017				2016
amounts in EUR millions		RWA		Capital requirements		RWA		Capital requirements
Outright products
1	Interest rate risk (general and specific)
2	Equity risk (general and specific)
3	Foreign exchange risk		1,074		86		1,081		87
4	Commodity risk
Options
5	Simplified approach
6	Delta-plus method
7	Scenario approach
8	Securitization (specific risk)
9	Total		1,074		86		1,081		87

The market risk regulatory capital under Standardized Approach is fully driven by the foreign exchange risk in the banking books. The foreign exchange risk in the banking books in 2017 remained at comparative level to 2016.

Internal Model Approach

EU MR2-A: Market risk under Internal Model Approach

		2017				2016
amounts in EUR millions		RWA		Capital requirements		RWA		Capital requirements
1	VaR (higher of values a and b)		649		52		1,123		90
(a)	Previous day’s VaR (Article 365(1) (VaRt-1))		209		17		449		36
(b)	Average of the daily VaR (Article 365(1)) on each of the preceding sixty business days (VaRavg) x multiplication factor ((mc) in accordance with Article 366)		649		52		1,123		90
2	SVaR (higher of values a and b)		1,750		140		2,546		204
(a)	Latest SVaR (Article 365(2) (sVaRt-1))		842		67		1,054		84
(b)	Average of the SVaR (Article 365(2) during the preceding sixty business days (sVaRavg) x multiplication factor (ms) (Article 366)		1,750		140		2,546		204
3	Incremental risk charge -IRC (higher of values a and b)		1,205		96		1,910		153
(a)	Most recent IRC value (incremental default and migration risks section 3 calculated in accordance with Section 3 articles 370/371)		981		78		1,500		120
(b)	Average of the IRC number over the preceding 12 weeks		1,205		96		1,910		153
4	Comprehensive Risk Measure – CRM (higher of values a, b and c)
(a)	Most recent risk number for the correlation trading portfolio (article 377)
(b)	Average of the risk number for the correlation trading portfolio over the preceding 12- weeks
(c)	8 % of the own funds requirement in SA on most recent risk number for the correlation trading portfolio (Article 338(4))
5	Total		3,604		288		5,579		446

Foreign exchange positions, and interest rate and credit spread sensitivities

Most important foreign exchange year-end trading positions
amounts in EUR millions	2017			2016
Foreign exchange			Foreign exchange
US Dollar		–45	US Dollar		201
Polish Zloty		28	Romanian New Leu		45
South Korean Won		26	Chinese Yuan		–40
Japanese Yen		–21	South Korean Won		–22
Taiwan New Dollar		21	Czech Koruna		21
Most important interest rate and credit spread sensitivities at year–end
amounts in EUR thousands	2017			2016
Interest Rate (BPV1)			Interest Rate (BPV1)
US Dollar		141	Euro		–119
Russian Ruble		–66	South Korean Won		–44
Japanese Yen		61	Polish Zloty		–32
Taiwan New Dollar		52	Indian Rupee		–23
Polish Zloty		47	Romanian New Leu		22
Credit Spread (CSO12)			Credit Spread (CSO12)
United States		341	United States		333
Supranational		–92	Germany		173
India		–78	Belgium		74
France		63	India		–38
Netherlands		–60	Poland		–38

1 Basis Point Value (BPV) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in interest rates. The figures include commodity risk in banking books.

2 Credit Spread Sensitivity (CS01) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in credit spreads. Exposures to supranational institutions are not assigned to a specific country.

Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end
		2017				2016
amounts in EUR thousands		Corporate		Financial Institutions		Corporate		Financial Institutions
Credit Spread (CSO11)
Risk classes
1	(AAA)		–20		–233		–3		–48
2–4	(AA)		–5		–53		–21		26
5–7	(A)		–83		–87		13		–9
8–10	(BBB)		–127		–151		–126		–154
11–13	(BB)		–78		–90		–104		–88
14–16	(B)		–14		–2		0		–9
17–22	(CCC and NPL)		–4		–1		–1		–2
Not rated			0		0		1		1
Total			–331		–618		–241		–283

1 Credit Spread Sensitivity (CS01) measures the impact on value of a 1 basis point increase in credit spreads.

Various funding sources

ING Bank Funding Mix
	2017			2016
Funding type
Retail deposits		51	%		51	%
Corporate & other deposits		22	%		21	%
Interbank (incl. central bank)		5	%		5	%
Lending/repurchase agreement		6	%		5	%
Public debt		14	%		16	%
Subordinated debt		2	%		2	%
Total		100	%		100	%

XML

Capital management section (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Text block1 [abstract]

Capital adequacy assessment

ING Group capital position
	(fully-loaded)						(phased-in)
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Shareholders’ equity		48,429			47,257			48,429			47,257
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU1		1,977			2,536			1,977			2,536
– Interim profit not included in CET1 capital2		–1,670			–1,629			–1,670			–1,629
– Other adjustments		–3,186			–3,596			–3,154			–3,698
Regulatory adjustments		–4,856			–5,225			–4,825			–5,327
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		45,550			44,568			45,581			44,466
Additional Tier 1 securities3		5,137			7,706			5,137			7,706
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		42			0			–393			–809
Available Tier 1 capital		50,729			52,274			50,326			51,364
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds4		11,086			9,488			11,086			9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2		–2,517			109			–4,001			–86
Available Total capital5		59,298			61,871			57,410			60,765
Risk weighted assets		309,887			314,325			309,887			314,325
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		14.70	%		14.18	%		14.71	%		14.15	%
Tier 1 ratio		16.37	%		16.63	%		16.24	%		16.34	%
Total capital ratio		19.14	%		19.68	%		18.53	%		19.33	%

1 Capital measures exclude the difference between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB as capital measures are based on IFRS-EU as primary accounting basis for statutory and regulatory deductions.

2 The interim profit not included in CET1 capital as per 31 December 2017 (EUR 1,670 million) includes EUR 44 million for 4Q2017 (YTD 4Q2017: EUR 2,603 million) minus a ING Group interim dividend payment of EUR 933 million, which was paid out in 3Q2017.

3 Including EUR 2,691 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016: EUR 3,052 million) and EUR 2,446 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016: EUR 4,654 million).

4 Including EUR 8,995 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016: EUR 7,347 million), and EUR 2,091 million to be replaced (by Group instruments) as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016: EUR 2,141 million).

5 Regulatory adjustments include the interpretation of the EBA Q&A published on 3 November 2017.

ING Bank NV capital position according to CRR/CRD IV
	(fully-loaded)						(phased-in)
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Shareholders’ equity		41,685			41,004			41,685			41,004
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU1		1,977			2,536			1,977			2,536
Interim profit not included in CET1 capital		–44			–617			–44			–617
Other adjustments		–3,043			–3,548			–3,017			–3,661
Regulatory adjustments		–3,087			–4,165			–3,061			–4,278
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		40,576			39,375			40,602			39,262
Additional Tier 1 securities2		4,989			6,496			4,989			6,496
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		53			0			–374			–798
Available Tier 1 capital		45,618			45,871			45,217			44,960
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds3		11,086			9,488			11,086			9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2		47			109			–44			–86
Available Total capital		56,751			55,467			56,259			54,362
Risk weighted assets		309,287			312,086			309,287			312,086
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		13.12	%		12.62	%		13.13	%		12.58	%
Tier 1 ratio		14.75	%		14.70	%		14.62	%		14.41	%
Total capital ratio		18.35	%		17.77	%		18.19	%		17.42	%

¹  Capital measures exclude the difference between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB as capital measures are based on IFRS-EU as primary accounting basis for statutory and regulatory deductions.

²  Including EUR 3,123 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016 EUR 3,542 million), and EUR 1,866 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016 EUR 2,954 million).

³  Including EUR 8,995 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016 EUR 7,347 million), and EUR 2,091 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016 EUR 2,141 million).

Main credit ratings

Ratings

Main credit ratings of ING at 31 December 2017

Standard & Poor’s

Moody’s

Fitch

Rating

Outlook

Rating

Outlook

Rating

Outlook

ING Groep N.V.

– long-term

A-

Stable

Baa1

Stable

A+

Stable

ING Bank N.V.

– long-term

A+

Stable

Aa3

Stable

A+

Stable

– short-term

A-1

P-1

F1

XML

Reporting Entity - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of reporting entity [Abstract]
Name of reporting entity	ING Groep N.V.
Domicile of entity	Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Description of nature of entity's operations	ING Group is a global financial institution with a strong European base, offering a wide range of retail and wholesale banking services to customers in over 40 countries.

XML

Authorisation of the Consolidated annual accounts - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of authorisation of consolidated annual accounts [abstract]
Explanation of body of authorisation	The ING Group Consolidated financial statements, for the year ended 31 December 2017, were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Executive Board on 5 March 2018. The Executive Board may decide to amend the financial statements as long as these are not adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders. The General Meeting of Shareholders may decide not to adopt the financial statements, but may not amend these.

XML

Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Billions		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Description of prepayment penalty cap		3 or 6 months of interest
Description of leverage feature		Libor contract with a multiplier of 1.3
Description of interest rate that modifies consideration for time value of money		Reset every month to a one-year rate.
Significant decline in fair value trigger		25.00%
Prolonged decline in fair value trigger		Six months
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Amount reclassified within equity from Retained earnings to OCI	€ 0.2
Probability of default for stage three	100.00%
Total Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders' equity as at 1 January 2018	€ (0.9)
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] | Shareholders' Equity 1 [Member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Total Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders' equity as at 1 January 2018	€ (0.9)
Total Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on CET1 capital ratio as at 1 January 2018	(0.18%)
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] | Available-for-sale [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Part of AFS investment portfolio reclassified to amortised cost	€ 35.5
Part of AFS investment portfolio reclassified to amortised cost - reduction of unrealised revaluation gains in equity	0.6
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] | Loans and receivables [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Reclassification of part of mortgage portfolio from amortised cost to FVOCI	3.4
Reclassification of part of mortgage portfolio from amortised cost to FVOCI increase in equity	0.2
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] | Financial assets available-for-sale and loans, category [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Debt securities and loans reclassified from amortised cost or AFS to FVPL - SPPI failures	1.3
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] | Investments in equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Investment in equity securities	4.0
Equity instruments irrevocably designate at FVOCI	3.9
In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] | Repurchase Agreement [member]
Disclosure of significant accounting policies [line items]
Financial assets mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss	54.8
Certain reverse repurchase portfolios - FV option for related repurchase financial liabilities	€ 37.2

XML

Accounting Policies - Summary of Expected Credit Losses (Detail) - In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] € in Billions	Jan. 01, 2018 EUR (€)
Disclosure of Expected Credit Losses [Line Items]
IAS 39 LLP	€ 4.6
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase	0.6
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL	5.2
IBNR [Member]
Disclosure of Expected Credit Losses [Line Items]
IAS 39 LLP	0.7
Individual provisions (ISFA, INSFA) [member]
Disclosure of Expected Credit Losses [Line Items]
IAS 39 LLP	3.9
12-month expected credit losses [member] | Financial instruments not credit-impaired [member]
Disclosure of Expected Credit Losses [Line Items]
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase	0.1
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL	0.4
Lifetime expected credit losses [member] | Financial instruments not credit-impaired [member]
Disclosure of Expected Credit Losses [Line Items]
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase	0.5
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL	0.9
Lifetime expected credit losses [member] | Financial instruments credit-impaired after purchase or origination [member]
Disclosure of Expected Credit Losses [Line Items]
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL increase	0.0
Estimated IFRS 9 ECL	€ 3.9

XML

Accounting Policies - Summary of Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders' equity as at 1 January 2018 (Detail) - In accordance with IFRS 9 [member] € in Billions	Jan. 01, 2018 EUR (€)
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Total Estimated impact of adopting IFRS 9 on shareholders' equity as at 1 January 2018	€ (0.9)
Loan loss provisions [member]
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Loan loss provisions1	(0.4)
Available-for-sale [member]
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Investment portfolio2	(0.6)
Loans and receivables [member]
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Mortgages held in HtC&S portfolio3	0.2
Other financial asset [Member]
Disclosure of expected impact of initial application of new standards or interpretations [line items]
Other4	€ (0.1)

XML

Accounting Policies - Reconciliation Shareholders' Equity under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of reconciliation shareholder equity eu ifrs and iasb ifrs [abstract]
In accordance with IFRS-EU	€ 50,406	€ 49,793	€ 47,832
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out	(2,655)	(3,472)	(3,883)
Tax effect of the adjustment	678	936	1,023
Effect of adjustment after tax	(1,977)	(2,536)	(2,860)
Shareholders' equity	48,429	47,257	44,972
Non-voting equity securities	0	0	0
Non-controlling interests	715	606	638
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total Equity	€ 49,144	€ 47,863	€ 45,610	€ 55,601

XML

Accounting Policies - Reconciliation Net Result under IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Reconciliation Net Result Eu Ifrs And Iasb Ifrs [abstract]
In accordance with IFRS-EU	€ 4,905	€ 4,651	€ 4,010
Adjustment of the EU IAS 39 carve-out	817	411	1,205
Tax effect of the adjustment	(258)	(87)	(289)
Effect of adjustment after tax	559	324	916
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,464	4,975	4,926
Non-controlling interests	82	75	408
In accordance with IFRS-IASB Total net result	€ 5,546	€ 5,050	€ 5,334

XML

Cash and Balances with Central Banks - Summary of Cash and Balances with Central Banks (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Miscellaneous assets [abstract]
Amounts held at central banks	€ 19,687	€ 16,408
Cash and bank balances	2,302	1,736
Cash and balances with central banks	€ 21,989	€ 18,144	€ 21,458

XML

Loans and Advances to Banks - Schedule of Loans and Advances to Banks (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans	€ 28,815	€ 28,864
Cash advances, overdrafts and other balances	4	5
Loans and advances to banks gross	28,819	28,869
Loan loss provisions	(8)	(11)
Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	€ 29,988
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans	7,899	10,381
Cash advances, overdrafts and other balances	1	3
Loans and advances to banks gross	7,900	10,384
Loan loss provisions	(1)
Loans and advances to banks	7,899	10,384
International [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans	20,916	18,483
Cash advances, overdrafts and other balances	3	2
Loans and advances to banks gross	20,919	18,485
Loan loss provisions	(7)	(11)
Loans and advances to banks	€ 20,912	€ 18,474

XML

Loans and Advances to Banks - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Short-term deposits with central banks	€ 4,032	€ 2,880
Loans to banks	28,815	28,864
Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	€ 29,988
Risk management [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans and advances to banks	0
Non-subordinate receivables [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans and advances to banks	28,768	28,790
Subordinated receivables [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans and advances to banks	43	68
Receivables related to securities in reverse repurchase transactions [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans to banks	4,637	2,992
Receivables related to finance lease contracts [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to banks [line items]
Loans to banks	€ 65	€ 88

XML

Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss - Summary of Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [abstract]
Trading assets	€ 116,748	€ 114,504
Non-trading derivatives	2,231	2,490
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	4,242	5,099
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	€ 123,221	€ 122,093

XML

Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss - Summary of Trading Assets (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Trading assets	€ 116,748	€ 114,504
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Trading assets	7,477	9,863
Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Trading assets	13,666	9,513
Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Trading assets	27,444	38,231
Loans and receivables [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Trading assets	€ 68,161	€ 56,897

XML

Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Reverse repurchase agreements	€ 421,000,000	€ 47,000,000
Loans and receivables [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Reverse repurchase agreements	2,095,000,000	3,001,000,000
Credit Derivative [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Notional value of the related credit derivatives	232,000,000	260,000,000
Amount of change in fair value of the credit derivatives attributable to changes in credit risks	(6,000,000)	(8,000,000)
Change in fair value of the credit derivatives for the current year	2,000,000	1,000,000
Trading assets [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Reverse repurchase agreements	€ 67,138,000,000	€ 56,020,000,000
NN Group N.V. [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Warrants held for number of shares	35	35
Amount of warrants hold for shares included in other non-trading derivatives	€ 2,000,000	€ 19,000,000
Voya Financial Inc. [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Warrants held for number of shares	7	26
Amount of warrants hold for shares included in other non-trading derivatives	€ 51,000,000	€ 175,000,000
Warrants sold	19

XML

Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss - Summary of Non-Trading Derivatives (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Non-trading derivatives	€ 2,231	€ 2,490
Fair value hedges [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Non-trading derivatives	542	787
Cash flow hedges [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Non-trading derivatives	617	438
Hedges of net investments in foreign operations [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Non-trading derivatives	29	73
Other non-trading derivatives [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Non-trading derivatives	€ 1,043	€ 1,192

XML

Financial Assets at Fair Value through Profit or Loss - Designated as at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	€ 4,242	€ 5,099
Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	4	3
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	1,739	1,669
Loans and receivables [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	€ 2,499	€ 3,427

XML

Investments - Summary of Investments by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Available-for-sale
Financial assets available for sale	€ 69,730	€ 82,912
Held-to-maturity
Held to maturity investments	9,343	8,751
Investment securities	79,073	91,663	€ 94,826
Equity securities [member]
Available-for-sale
Financial assets available for sale	3,983	4,024
Shares in third party managed structured entities [member] | Equity securities [member]
Available-for-sale
Financial assets available for sale	168	170
Other equity securities [member] | Equity securities [member]
Available-for-sale
Financial assets available for sale	3,815	3,854
Debt securities [member]
Available-for-sale
Financial assets available for sale	65,747	78,888
Held-to-maturity
Held to maturity investments	€ 9,343	€ 8,751

XML

Investments - Available-for-Sale Equity Securities - Listed and Unlisted (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Financial assets available for sale	€ 69,730	€ 82,912
Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Financial assets available for sale	3,983	4,024
Equity securities [member] | Listed [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Financial assets available for sale	3,518	3,539
Equity securities [member] | Unlisted [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Financial assets available for sale	€ 465	€ 485

XML

Investments - Summary of Debt Securities (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	€ 69,730	€ 82,912
Held-to-maturity investments	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	€ 29,988
Trading assets	116,748	114,504
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	4,242	5,099
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	123,221	122,093
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	65,747	78,888
Held-to-maturity investments	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers	5,099	7,471
Loans and advances to banks	265	952
Available-for-sale investments and Assets at amortised cost	80,454	96,062
Trading assets	7,477	9,863
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss	1,739	1,669
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	9,216	11,532
Debt securities in issue	€ 89,670	€ 107,594

XML

Investments - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Exposure percentage in ABS portfolio		99.00%	97.00%
Description of rating agencies used		99% (2016: 97%) of the exposure in the ABS portfolio is externally rated AAA up to and including A-.
Borrowed debt securities		€ 0	€ 0
Financial assets available for sale		69,730	82,912
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Financial assets at amortized cost		80,454	96,062
Decrease in available-for-sale debt securities		(13,000)
Financial assets available for sale		65,747	€ 78,888
Kotak Mahindra Bank [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Voting equity interest percentage	2.50%
Carrying value	€ 456
Bank of Beijing [member] | Other equity securities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]
Financial assets available for sale		240
Number of shares held		€ 265

XML

Investments - Debt Securities by Type Available for Sale Investments and Assets at Amortized Cost (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	€ 69,730	€ 82,912
Held-to-maturity investments	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	€ 29,988
Government bonds [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	34,844	41,985
Held-to-maturity investments	7,462	6,688
Loans and advances to customers	828	858
Total	43,134	49,531
Sub-sovereign Supranationals and Agencies [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	17,215	20,484
Held-to-maturity investments	1,255	1,613
Loans and advances to customers	245	267
Total	18,715	22,364
Covered bonds [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	8,737	11,297
Held-to-maturity investments	100	100
Loans and advances to customers	418	1,820
Loans and advances to banks	154	882
Total	9,409	14,099
Corporate bonds [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	1,284	1,345
Loans and advances to customers	970	791
Total	2,254	2,136
Financial institutions bonds [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	1,701	2,020
Held-to-maturity investments	311
Loans and advances to customers	429	351
Loans and advances to banks	107	70
Total	2,548	2,441
ABS portfolio [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	1,966	1,757
Held-to-maturity investments	215	350
Loans and advances to customers	2,209	3,384
Loans and advances to banks	4
Total	4,394	5,491
Bond portfolio [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Available-for-sale investments	65,747	78,888
Held-to-maturity investments	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers	5,099	7,471
Loans and advances to banks	265	952
Total	€ 80,454	€ 96,062

XML

Investments - Changes in Available for Sale Securities and Held to Maturity Investments (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Opening balance		€ 91,663	€ 94,826
Additions		25,210	28,884
Amortisation		(192)	(231)
Transfers and reclassifications		7	(92)
Changes in unrealised revaluations	[1]	(1,073)	191
Impairments		(6)	(13)
Reversal of impairments		3
Disposals and redemptions		(35,463)	(31,795)
Exchange rate differences		(1,075)	(107)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(1)
Closing balance		79,073	91,663
Held-to-maturity [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Opening balance		8,751	7,826
Additions		3,609	1,731
Amortisation		(46)	(87)
Changes in unrealised revaluations	[1]	(64)	(70)
Disposals and redemptions		(2,675)	(630)
Exchange rate differences		(232)	(19)
Closing balance		9,343	8,751
Other equity securities [member] | Available-for-sale [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Opening balance		4,024	4,434
Additions		325	80
Transfers and reclassifications		7	(92)
Changes in unrealised revaluations	[1]	21	363
Impairments		(6)	(13)
Disposals and redemptions		(79)	(682)
Exchange rate differences		(308)	(72)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(1)	6
Closing balance		3,983	4,024
Debt securities [member] | Available-for-sale [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Opening balance		78,888	82,566
Additions		21,276	27,073
Amortisation		(146)	(144)
Changes in unrealised revaluations	[1]	(1,030)	(102)
Reversal of impairments		3
Disposals and redemptions		(32,709)	(30,483)
Exchange rate differences		(535)	(16)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes			(6)
Closing balance		€ 65,747	€ 78,888

[1] Changes in unrealised revaluations include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss

XML

Loans and Advances to Customers - Summary of Loans and Advances to Customers (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans and advances to customers	€ 571,909	€ 560,154
Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities	46,372	46,380
Loans secured by mortgages	323,959	318,707
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions	1,979	1,145
Personal lending	23,236	21,958
Asset backed securities	2,209	3,380
Corporate loans	178,669	173,762
Loans and advances to customers before provisions	576,424	565,332
Loan loss provisions	(4,515)	(5,178)
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Netherlands [member] | Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities	26,975	27,746
Loans secured by mortgages	119,457	124,001
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions	257	201
Personal lending	3,162	3,236
Corporate loans	38,208	39,670
Loans and advances to customers before provisions	188,059	194,854
Loan loss provisions	(1,693)	(2,349)
Loans and advances to customers	186,366	192,505
International [member] | Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities	19,397	18,634
Loans secured by mortgages	204,502	194,706
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions	1,722	944
Personal lending	20,074	18,722
Asset backed securities	2,209	3,380
Corporate loans	140,461	134,092
Loans and advances to customers before provisions	388,365	370,478
Loan loss provisions	(2,822)	(2,829)
Loans and advances to customers	€ 385,543	€ 367,649

XML

Loans and Advances to Customers - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Loans and advances to customers [Abstract]
Reverse repurchase agreements	€ 421	€ 47
Allowance for finance lease receivables included in loan loss provisions	€ 337	€ 282

XML

Loans and Advances to Customers - Summary of Loans and Advances to Customers by Subordination (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans and advances to customers	€ 571,909	€ 560,154
Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Non-subordinated [member] | Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans and advances to customers	571,429	558,857
Subordinated [member] | Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of loans and advances to customers [line Items]
Loans and advances to customers	€ 480	€ 1,297

XML

Loans and Advances to Customers - Summary of Finance Lease Receivables (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessor [line items]
Maturities of gross investment in finance lease receivables	€ 11,841	€ 11,888
Unearned future finance income on finance leases	(1,082)	(1,254)
Net investment in finance leases	10,759	10,634
Included in Loans and advances to banks	65	88
Included in Loans and advances to customers	10,694	10,546
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessor [line items]
Maturities of gross investment in finance lease receivables	2,729	2,492
Net investment in finance leases	2,474	2,210
More than 1 year but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessor [line items]
Maturities of gross investment in finance lease receivables	6,215	6,282
Net investment in finance leases	5,652	5,635
More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessor [line items]
Maturities of gross investment in finance lease receivables	2,897	3,114
Net investment in finance leases	€ 2,633	€ 2,789

XML

Loans and Advances to Customers - Summary of Loan Loss Provisions (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Loan Loss Provisions by Type [Line Items]
Total	€ 4,628	€ 5,308	€ 5,786
- Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	€ 29,988
- Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Total closing balance	4,628	5,308
Loan loss provisions [member]
Disclosure of Loan Loss Provisions by Type [Line Items]
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities	3	7
Loans secured by mortgages	873	1,188
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions	9	14
Personal lending	864	742
Asset backed securities	9	2
Corporate loans and Credit Facilities	2,870	3,355
- Loans and advances to banks	8	11
- Loans and advances to customers	4,515	5,178
- Other provisions other	105	119
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of Loan Loss Provisions by Type [Line Items]
Total	1,735	2,412
Total closing balance	1,735	2,412
Netherlands [member] | Loan loss provisions [member]
Disclosure of Loan Loss Provisions by Type [Line Items]
Loans secured by mortgages	347	550
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions	2	2
Personal lending	118	122
Corporate loans and Credit Facilities	1,268	1,738
- Loans and advances to banks	1
- Loans and advances to customers	1,693	2,349
- Other provisions other	41	63
International [member]
Disclosure of Loan Loss Provisions by Type [Line Items]
Total	2,893	2,896
- Loans and advances to banks	20,912	18,474
Total closing balance	2,893	2,896
International [member] | Loan loss provisions [member]
Disclosure of Loan Loss Provisions by Type [Line Items]
Loans to, or guaranteed by, public authorities	3	7
Loans secured by mortgages	526	638
Loans guaranteed by credit institutions	7	12
Personal lending	746	620
Asset backed securities	9	2
Corporate loans and Credit Facilities	1,602	1,617
- Loans and advances to banks	7	11
- Loans and advances to customers	2,822	2,829
- Other provisions other	€ 64	€ 56

XML

Loans and Advances to Customers - Summary of Changes in Loan Loss Provisions (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Loans and advances to customers [Abstract]
Opening balance	€ 5,308	€ 5,786
Write-offs	(1,279)	(1,494)
Recoveries	59	94
Increase in loan loss provisions	676	974
Exchange rate differences	(136)	(55)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		3
Closing balance	€ 4,628	€ 5,308

XML

Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures - Summary of Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Balance sheet value	€ 1,088	€ 1,141
Total assets	843,878	842,216	€ 1,002,228
Total liabilities	794,734	794,353
Total Income	€ 18,590	€ 17,902	€ 18,007
TMB Public Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Interest held	30.00%	30.00%
Fair value of listed investment	€ 1,006	€ 729
Balance sheet value	877	861
Total assets	21,251	21,439
Total liabilities	19,004	19,275
Total Income	711	685
Total expenses	507	489
Other investments in associates and joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Balance sheet value	€ 211	€ 280

XML

Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Investments in joint ventures and associates	Other investments in associates and joint ventures represents a large number of associates and joint ventures with an individual statement of financial position value of less than EUR 50 million.
Accumulated impairments	€ 33	€ 48
Transfers to and reclassification from available-for-sale equity securities to associates	(1)	75
Reclassification from/to other assets and other liabilities	(6)	(7)
Revaluation amount	(8)	38
Other revaluation amount		(31)
Share of result from associates and joint ventures	178	88	€ 492
Gain on disposal of shares	1	1	€ 2
Disposals and held for sales	€ 245	€ 54
TMB Public Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Percentage of ownership interest	30.00%	30.00%
Revaluation amount		€ 54
Share of result from associates and joint ventures	€ 67	68
Associates [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Transfers to and reclassification from available-for-sale equity securities to associates	5	82
Associates and joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Revaluation amount	(8)	38
Share of result from associates and joint ventures	178	91
Impairments of investments	0	(3)
Visa europe limited [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Gain on disposal of shares		21
Enterprise Center [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Disposals and held for sales		40
CBRE Asia Value Fund [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Capital repayments		10
Equens SE [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Revaluation amount		€ 17
Appia Group [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Gain on disposal of shares	97
Disposals and held for sales	€ 146

XML

Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures - Summary of Changes in Investments in Associates and Joint ventures (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Opening balance	€ 1,141
Revaluations	(8)	€ 38
Share of results	178	88	€ 492
Closing balance	1,088	1,141
Associates and joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of investments in associates and joint ventures [line items]
Opening balance	1,141	962
Additions	79	49
Transfers to and from Investments/Other assets and liabilities	(1)	75
Revaluations	(8)	38
Share of results	178	91
Dividends received	(32)	(37)
Disposals	(245)	(54)
Impairments	0	(3)
Exchange rate differences	(24)	20
Closing balance	€ 1,088	€ 1,141	€ 962

XML

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Total property and equipment by type	€ 1,801	€ 2,002
Property in own use [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Total property and equipment by type	774	881	€ 982
Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Total property and equipment by type	917	1,015	€ 971
Assets under operating leases [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Total property and equipment by type	€ 110	€ 106

XML

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, appraisal frequency	Once every five years
Property in own use [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Purchase price	€ 1,044	€ 1,400
Purchase price less accumulated depreciation and impairments	495	625
Disposals	145	€ 38
Property in own use [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Disposals	€ 145

XML

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Changes in Property in Own Use (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	€ 2,002
Closing balance	1,801	€ 2,002
Net carrying value	2,002	2,002
Property in own use [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	881	982
Additions	5	9
- Transfers to and from Investment properties		8
- Transfers to and from Other assets	0	0
Total reclassifications		8
- Depreciation	(13)	(15)
- Impairments	(8)	(64)
- Reversal of impairments	24	5
Total amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year	3	(74)
Revaluations recognised in equity during the year	42	11
Disposals	(145)	(38)
Exchange rate differences	(12)	(17)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	0	0
Closing balance	774	881
Net carrying value	881	982
Opening balance	256	273
Revaluation in the year	23	(17)
Closing balance	279	256
Property in own use [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	1,656
Closing balance	1,324	1,656
Net carrying value	1,656	1,656
Property in own use [member] | Accumulated depreciation [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(504)
Closing balance	(376)	(504)
Net carrying value	(504)	(504)
Property in own use [member] | Accumulated impairments [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(271)
Closing balance	(174)	(271)
Net carrying value	€ (271)	€ (271)

XML

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Changes in Equipment (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	€ 2,002
Depreciation	(319)	€ (330)	€ (327)
Closing balance	1,801	2,002
Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	1,015	971
Additions	259	342
Disposals	(13)	(25)
Depreciation	(307)	(315)
Impairments	(2)
Exchange rate differences	(13)	(10)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(22)	52
Closing balance	917	1,015	971
Equipment [member] | Data Processing Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	323	263
Additions	129	161
Disposals	(1)	(5)
Depreciation	(133)	(137)
Exchange rate differences	(8)	(5)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(19)	46
Closing balance	291	323	263
Equipment [member] | Fixtures and fittings and other equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	692	708
Additions	130	181
Disposals	(12)	(20)
Depreciation	(174)	(178)
Impairments	(2)
Exchange rate differences	(5)	(5)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(3)	6
Closing balance	626	692	€ 708
Gross carrying amount [member] | Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	3,706
Closing balance	3,524	3,706
Gross carrying amount [member] | Equipment [member] | Data Processing Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	1,274
Closing balance	1,275	1,274
Gross carrying amount [member] | Equipment [member] | Fixtures and fittings and other equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	2,432
Closing balance	2,249	2,432
Accumulated depreciation [member] | Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(2,690)
Closing balance	(2,606)	(2,690)
Accumulated depreciation [member] | Equipment [member] | Data Processing Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(950)
Closing balance	(983)	(950)
Accumulated depreciation [member] | Equipment [member] | Fixtures and fittings and other equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(1,740)
Closing balance	(1,623)	(1,740)
Accumulated impairments [member] | Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(1)
Closing balance	(1)	(1)
Accumulated impairments [member] | Equipment [member] | Data Processing Equipment [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [line items]
Opening balance	(1)
Closing balance	€ (1)	€ (1)

XML

Intangible Assets - Schedule of Changes in Intangible Assets (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	€ 1,484	€ 1,567
Additions	72	93
Capitalised expenses	192	195
Amortisation	(179)	(187)	€ (270)
Impairments	(30)	(45)
Exchange rate differences	(87)	(83)
Disposals	(9)	(9)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	26	(47)
Closing balance	1,469	1,484	1,567
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	2,688
Closing balance	2,748	2,688
Accumulated amortisation [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	(1,164)
Closing balance	(1,248)	(1,164)
Accumulated impairments [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	(40)
Closing balance	(31)	(40)
Goodwill [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	903	985
Exchange rate differences	(87)	(82)
Closing balance	816	903	985
Goodwill [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	903
Closing balance	816	903
Software and other intangible assets [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	571	567
Additions	72	93
Capitalised expenses	192	195
Amortisation	(173)	(182)
Impairments	(30)	(45)
Exchange rate differences		(1)
Disposals	(9)	(9)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	25	(47)
Closing balance	648	571	567
Software and other intangible assets [member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	1,756
Closing balance	1,902	1,756
Software and other intangible assets [member] | Accumulated amortisation [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	(1,147)
Closing balance	(1,225)	(1,147)
Software and other intangible assets [member] | Accumulated impairments [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	(38)
Closing balance	(29)	(38)
Other [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	10	15
Amortisation	(6)	(5)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	1
Closing balance	5	10	€ 15
Other [Member] | Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	29
Closing balance	30	29
Other [Member] | Accumulated amortisation [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	(17)
Closing balance	(23)	(17)
Other [Member] | Accumulated impairments [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Opening balance	(2)
Closing balance	€ (2)	€ (2)

XML

Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill Allocation to Group of CGUs (Detail) - Cash generating unit [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Goodwill	€ 816	€ 903
Retail Belgium [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Method used for recoverable amount	Values in use
Discount rate	8.95%
Long term growth rate	1.30%
Goodwill	€ 50	50
Retail Germany [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Method used for recoverable amount	Values in use
Discount rate	8.10%
Long term growth rate	1.30%
Goodwill	€ 349	349
Retail Growth Markets [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Method used for recoverable amount	Fair value less cost of disposal
Goodwill	€ 307	375
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Method used for recoverable amount	Values in use
Discount rate	9.54%
Long term growth rate	2.12%
Goodwill	€ 110	€ 129

XML

Intangible Assets - Schedule of Goodwill Allocation to Group of CGUs (Parenthetical) (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Retail Growth [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Goodwill	€ 307	€ 375
Scenario, Adjustment [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about intangible assets [line items]
Goodwill	€ 110	€ 129

XML

Intangible assets - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [line items]
Goodwill impairment	€ 0	€ 0
Description to measure fair value less costs of disposal	In line with IFRS, the recoverable amount is determined as the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and Value in Use (VIU). Fair value less costs of disposal is based on observable share prices (Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy), observable Price-to-Book multiples of relevant peer banks (Level 2), or based on a discounted free cash flow model (Level 3). The VIU calculation is based on a Dividend Discount model using five year management approved plans. When estimating the VIU of a CGU, local conditions and requirements determine the capital requirements, discount rates, and terminal growth rates.
Bonds maturity year	30 years
Intangible assets	€ 1,469,000,000	1,484,000,000
Software and other intangible assets [member] | Internally generated [member]
Disclosure of reconciliation of changes in intangible assets and goodwill [line items]
Intangible assets	€ 477,000,000	€ 395,000,000

XML

Other Assets - Schedule of Other Assets by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of other assets [abstract]
Net defined benefit assets	€ 542	€ 609
Investment properties	65	65
Property development and obtained from foreclosures	137	184
Accrued interest and rents	4,528	5,588
Other accrued assets	753	884
Amounts to be settled	4,097	4,815
Other	2,965	2,577
Other assets total	€ 13,087	€ 14,722

XML

Other Assets - Schedule of Property Development and Obtained from Foreclosures (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Property developed	€ 63	€ 109
Property obtained from foreclosures	74	75
Property development and obtained from foreclosures	137	184
Gross carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Property development and obtained from foreclosures	417	469
Accumulated impairments [member]
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Property development and obtained from foreclosures	(280)	(285)
Net carrying amount [member]
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Property development and obtained from foreclosures	€ 137	€ 184

XML

Other Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Borrowing costs relating to Property development and obtained from foreclosures capitalised	€ 0	€ 0
Other assets [member]
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Other receivables	70		€ 121
Loans and available-for-sale bonds [member]
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Accrued interest	2,505	2,773
Trading Derivative Assets [member]
Disclosure of Other Assets [line items]
Accrued interest	€ 1,375	€ 1,939

XML

Deposits from Banks - Schedule of Deposits from Banks by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Deposits From Bank [Line Items]
Non-interest bearing	€ 544	€ 449
Interest bearing	36,277	31,515
Deposits from banks	36,821	31,964	€ 33,813
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure Of Deposits From Bank [Line Items]
Non-interest bearing	181
Interest bearing	17,230	13,778
Deposits from banks	17,411	13,778
International [member]
Disclosure Of Deposits From Bank [Line Items]
Non-interest bearing	363	449
Interest bearing	19,047	17,737
Deposits from banks	€ 19,410	€ 18,186

XML

Deposits from Banks - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Billions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of deposits from banks [abstract]
New targeted longer term refinancing operations		€ 10.7
Early redeemed targeted longer term refinancing operations	€ 7.0

XML

Customer Deposits - Schedule of Customer Deposits by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deposits from customers [abstract]
Savings accounts	€ 319,688	€ 315,663
Credit balances on customer accounts	186,316	173,230
Corporate deposits	32,602	32,687
Other	1,222	1,328
Customer deposits	€ 539,828	€ 522,908

XML

Customer Deposits - Schedule of Customer Deposits (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of customer deposits [line items]
Non-interest bearing	€ 37,598	€ 30,447
Interest bearing	502,230	492,461
Customer deposits	539,828	522,908
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of customer deposits [line items]
Non-interest bearing	15,910	13,536
Interest bearing	151,302	151,446
Customer deposits	167,212	164,982
International [member]
Disclosure of customer deposits [line items]
Non-interest bearing	21,688	16,911
Interest bearing	350,928	341,015
Customer deposits	€ 372,616	€ 357,926

XML

Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss - Schedule of Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [abstract]
Trading liabilities	€ 73,596	€ 83,167
Non-trading derivatives	2,331	3,541
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss	11,215	12,266
Financial Liabilities	€ 87,142	€ 98,974

XML

Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss - Schedule of Trading Liabilities by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Trading liabilities by type	€ 73,596	€ 83,167
Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Trading liabilities by type	601	1,975
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Trading liabilities by type	5,126	4,146
Funds on deposit [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Trading liabilities by type	41,956	37,753
Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Trading liabilities by type	€ 25,913	€ 39,293

XML

Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss - Non-trading Derivatives by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Non-trading derivatives by type	€ 2,331	€ 3,541
Fair value hedges [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Non-trading derivatives by type	317	672
Cash flow hedges [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Non-trading derivatives by type	339	671
Hedges of net investments in foreign operations [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Non-trading derivatives by type	71	33
Other non-trading derivatives [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Non-trading derivatives by type	€ 1,604	€ 2,165

XML

Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss - Summary of Designated as at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss by type	€ 11,215	€ 12,266
Funds entrusted [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss by type	1,691	969
Subordinated liabilities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss by type	539	561
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Designated as at fair value through profit or loss by type	€ 8,985	€ 10,736

XML

Financial Liabilities at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [abstract]
Fair value of financial liability, attributable to changes in credit risk of liability	€ 78	€ 50
Fair value of financial liability, attributable to changes in credit risk of liability on cumulative basis	248	170
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss to pay at maturity to the holders	€ 10,742	€ 11,720

XML

Provisions - Summary of Provisions by Type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Provisions [Abstract]
Reorganisation provisions	€ 1,097	€ 1,482	€ 670
Other provisions	616	546	€ 294
Provisions	€ 1,713	€ 2,028

XML

Provisions - Summary of Changes in Reorganisation Provisions (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Provisions [Abstract]
Opening balance	€ 1,482	€ 670
Additions	53	1,202
Unused amounts reversed	(58)	(13)
Utilised	(369)	(365)
Exchange rate differences	(1)	(5)
Other changes	(10)	(7)
Closing balance	€ 1,097	€ 1,482

XML

Provisions - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Provisions [Line Items]
Other provisions	€ 546	€ 616	€ 294
Other provisions, Amount expected to be settled within twelve months		448
Letters of credit / guarantees [member]
Disclosure of Provisions [Line Items]
Other provisions		€ 104
Workforce reductions [member]
Disclosure of Provisions [Line Items]
Additional reorganisation provision recognised	€ 1,032
Workforce reductions [member] | Belgium and Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of Provisions [Line Items]
Reorganisation provision, description	In 2016, ING Group recognised an additional reorganisation provision of EUR 1,032 million, for the intended workforce reductions per the intended digital transformation programmes as announced on ING’s Investor Day on 3 October. The intended initiatives are expected to result in a reduction of ING’s workforce mainly in Belgium and the Netherlands during 2016 to 2021.

XML

Provisions - Summary of Changes in Other Provisions (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of other provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	€ 546	€ 294
Additions	321	355
Unused amounts reversed	(163)	(52)
Utilised	(105)	(47)
Exchange rate differences	(11)	(2)
Other changes	28	(2)
Closing balance	616	546
Litigation [member]
Disclosure of other provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	353	187
Additions	186	235
Unused amounts reversed	(90)	(46)
Utilised	(82)	(28)
Exchange rate differences	(3)	(1)
Other changes	1	6
Closing balance	365	353
Other [member]
Disclosure of other provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	193	107
Additions	135	120
Unused amounts reversed	(73)	(6)
Utilised	(23)	(19)
Exchange rate differences	(8)	(1)
Other changes	27	(8)
Closing balance	€ 251	€ 193

XML

Other Liabilities - Summary of Other Liabilities (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other Liabilities 1 [Abstract]
Net defined benefit liability	€ 476	€ 521
Other post-employment benefits	87	87
Other staff-related liabilities	504	498
Other taxation and social security contributions	479	495
Accrued interest	3,606	4,394
Costs payable	2,599	2,242
Share-based payment plan liabilities	23	26
Amounts to be settled	5,017	6,391
Other	3,273	2,198
Other liabilities	€ 16,064	€ 16,852

XML

Debt Securities in Issue - Summary of Maturities of Debt Securities in Issue (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	€ 96,086	€ 103,234
Fixed rate debt securities [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	66,948	78,007
Fixed rate debt securities [member] | Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	29,296	27,208
Fixed rate debt securities [member] | More than 1 year but less than 2 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	7,084	12,151
Fixed rate debt securities [member] | More than 2 years but less than 3 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	7,629	7,365
Fixed rate debt securities [member] | More than 3 years but less than 4 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	8,369	7,893
Fixed rate debt securities [member] | More than 4 years but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	5,411	8,674
Fixed rate debt securities [member] | More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	9,159	14,716
Floating rate debt securities [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	29,138	25,227
Floating rate debt securities [member] | Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	15,091	13,278
Floating rate debt securities [member] | More than 1 year but less than 2 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	3,932	2,724
Floating rate debt securities [member] | More than 2 years but less than 3 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	1,341	4,168
Floating rate debt securities [member] | More than 3 years but less than 4 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	278	793
Floating rate debt securities [member] | More than 4 years but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	3,673	320
Floating rate debt securities [member] | More than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Total debt securities	€ 4,823	€ 3,944

XML

Debt Securities in Issue - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Increase (decrease) in debt securities	€ 7,100
Commercial paper [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Increase (decrease) in debt securities	6,300
Unused line of credit including payment of borrowings related to debt securities	5,750	€ 12,015
Long term maturity bonds [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Increase (decrease) in debt securities	5,900
Certificates of deposit [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Increase (decrease) in debt securities	3,800
Covered bonds [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Increase (decrease) in debt securities	2,800
Other debt securities [member]
Disclosure of debt securities in issue [line items]
Increase (decrease) in debt securities	€ 900

XML

Subordinated loans - Schedule of Subordinated Loans by Group Companies (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Subordinated loans	€ 15,968	€ 17,223	€ 16,411
ING Groep N.V. [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Subordinated loans	8,253	7,203
ING Group Companies [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Subordinated loans	€ 7,715	€ 10,020

XML

Subordinated loans - Schedule of Changes In Subordinated Loans (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [abstract]
Opening balance	€ 17,223	€ 16,411
New issuances	2,331	2,070	€ 3,159
Repayments	(2,343)	(1,252)
Exchange rate differences and other	(1,243)	(6)
Closing balance	€ 15,968	€ 17,223	€ 16,411

XML

Subordinated Loans - Additional Information (Detail) € in Millions, ¥ in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 JPY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€)	Sep. 30, 2017 EUR (€)	Apr. 30, 2017 EUR (€)	Feb. 28, 2017 EUR (€)
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instruments issued				€ 96,086			€ 103,234
Proceeds from private placement					$ 260	¥ 22,000
Redemption of subordinated loans				(96,837)			123,748	€ 147,337
Interest expense on subordinated loans				€ 784			€ 816	€ 901
Subordinated loans [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Average interest rate				4.73%			4.94%
Interest expense on subordinated loans				€ 784			€ 816
Crr/crd iv additional tier 1 capital [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instruments issued									€ 1,000	€ 1,000	€ 750
Tier1 contingent convertible securities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Debt instruments coupon rate									1.625%		2.50%
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Redemption of subordinated loans | $	$ 500	$ 522	$ 1,100
Redemption of subordinated loans	6.20%		7.20%

XML

Equity - Summary of Equity (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Share capital and share premium
Share capital	€ 39	€ 39	€ 928	€ 925
Share premium	17,006	16,950	16,054	16,046
Total share capital and share premium	17,045	16,989	16,982
Other reserves
Revaluation reserve: Available-for-sale and other	3,447	3,830	3,896
Revaluation reserve: Cash flow hedge	263	777	666
Revaluation reserve: Property in own use	203	204	326
Net defined benefit asset/liability remeasurement reserve	(400)	(371)	(306)
Currency translation reserve	(1,663)	(770)	(538)
Share of associates, joint ventures and other reserves	2,527	2,235	1,733
Treasury shares	(15)	(8)	(18)	(46)
Total other reserves	4,362	5,897	5,759
Retained earnings	27,022	24,371	22,231
Shareholders' equity (parent)	48,429	47,257	44,972
Non-controlling interests	715	606	638
Total equity	€ 49,144	€ 47,863	€ 45,610	€ 55,601

XML

Equity - Schedule of Share Capital (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of classes of share capital [abstract]
Authorised share capital, ordinary shares	14,729,000,000	14,729,000,000	14,500,000,000
Unissued share capital, ordinary shares	10,843,210,000	10,850,516,000	10,629,817,000
Issued share capital, ordinary shares	3,885,790,000	3,878,484,000	3,870,183,000
Authorised share capital, amount	€ 147	€ 147	€ 3,480
Unissued share capital, amount	108	108	2,552
Issued share capital, amount	€ 39	€ 39	€ 928	€ 925

XML

Equity - Summary of Changes in Issued share Capital (Detail) - EUR (€) shares in Thousands, € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of number of shares outstanding [abstract]
Beginning balance, ordinary shares	3,878,484	3,870,183	3,858,862
Issue of shares	7,306	8,301	11,321
Ending balance, ordinary shares	3,885,790	3,878,484	3,870,183
Beginning balance, amount	€ 39	€ 928	€ 925
Issue of shares		2	3
Transfer to share premium		(891)
Ending balance, amount	€ 39	€ 39	€ 928

XML

Equity - Additional Information (Detail) € / shares in Units, € in Millions, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 26, 2016 EUR (€) € / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€) € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€) € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€) € / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) shares
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Number of Shares issued | shares		3,878,484,000	3,870,183,000	3,885,790,000		3,878,484,000		3,870,183,000
Deposits receipts for ordinary shares issued | shares		8,300,000	11,300,000
Descriptions deposits receipts for ordinary shares converted						Jul. 26, 2016	Jul. 26, 2016
Par value per share after conversion of depositary receipts into ordinary shares | € / shares	€ 0.01	€ 0.01	€ 0.24			€ 0.01		€ 0.24
Share premium		€ 891				€ 891
Issue of contingent convertible capital securities | $					$ 0		$ 1,000		$ 2,250
Exchange transaction fee per each depository receipt				€ 192		€ 166		€ 140
Number of ordinary shares held in entity or its subsidiaries | shares		600,000		900,000		600,000
Number of depository receipts for ordinary shares held in entity or its subsidiaries | shares								1,500,000	1,500,000
Increase in share premium		€ 896				€ 896
Available-for-sale revaluation reserve recognised in Equity		€ 2,656		€ 2,474		2,656
Transfer of revaluation reserve to retained earnings				(26)		(127)
Net decrease in currency translation reserve				(893)
Cash dividend paid				€ 2,564		€ 2,553		€ 1,511
Number of Shares authorised | shares		14,729,000,000	14,500,000,000	14,729,000,000		14,729,000,000		14,500,000,000
NN Group [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Tenure of undated subordinated notes coupon payments								Five months	Five months
Decrease in Non-controlling interests								€ (7,434)
Stichting Regio Bank and Stichting Vakbondsspaarbank SPN [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Reserve for dividend and repayment of capital				€ 1,478		€ 1,325		1,201
Retained earnings [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Cash dividend paid				2,564		2,521		€ 1,393
Available-for-sale and other [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in revaluation reserves				(383)
Available-for-sale revaluation reserve recognised in Equity		€ 154				€ 154
Available-for-sale and other [member] | Bank of Beijing [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in revaluation reserves				(479)
Available-for-sale and other [member] | Kotak Mahindra Bank [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in revaluation reserves				€ 302
Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Number of Shares issued | shares				7,300,000
Par value per share after conversion of depositary receipts into ordinary shares | € / shares	0.01		€ 0.24					€ 0.24
Shares authorised | shares				14,729,000,000
Shares issued and fully paid | shares				3,886,000,000
Cumulative preference shares [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Number of Shares issued | shares		0				0
Par value per share after conversion of depositary receipts into ordinary shares | € / shares		€ 0.01				€ 0.01
Number of Shares authorised | shares		4,600,000,000				4,600,000,000
Increased dividend percentage						2.50%	2.50%
Maximum [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Par value per share after conversion of depositary receipts into ordinary shares | € / shares	0.24
Share capital | shares		111,000,000	250,000,000
Minimum [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Par value per share after conversion of depositary receipts into ordinary shares | € / shares	€ 0.01
Percentage of issued ordinary shares held in subsidiary	99.90%
Exchange transaction fee per each depository receipt	€ 25

XML

Equity - Schedule of Share Premium (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Equity [abstract]
Opening balance	€ 16,950	€ 16,054	€ 16,046
Issue of shares	56	5	8
Transfer from issued share capital		891
Closing balance	€ 17,006	€ 16,950	€ 16,054

XML

Equity - Schedule of Changes in Revaluation Reserve Available-for-Sale and Other (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance		€ 5,897	€ 5,759
Unrealised revaluations	[1]	1,073	(191)
Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC				€ 601
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		1
Closing balance		4,362	5,897	5,759
Available-for-sale and other [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance		3,830	3,896	6,838
Unrealised revaluations		(293)	80	1,188
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		(90)	(146)	(94)
Transfer to insurance liabilities/DAC				(254)
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group				(2,940)
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group				(855)
Changes in composition of the group and other changes				13
Closing balance		€ 3,447	€ 3,830	€ 3,896

[1] Changes in unrealised revaluations include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss

XML

Equity - Schedule of Changes in Revaluation Reserve Cash Flow Hedge (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance	€ 5,897	€ 5,759
Changes in composition of the group and other changes	1
Closing balance	4,362	5,897	€ 5,759
Revaluation reserve: cash flow hedge [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance	777	666	3,877
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve	(514)	111	(65)
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group			(2,507)
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group			(649)
Changes in composition of the group and other changes			10
Closing balance	€ 263	€ 777	€ 666

XML

Equity - Schedule of Changes in Revaluation Reserve Property in Own Use (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance		€ 5,897	€ 5,759
Unrealised revaluations	[1]	1,073	(191)
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		1
Closing balance		4,362	5,897	€ 5,759
Revaluation reserve property [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance		204	326	306
Unrealised revaluations		25	5	38
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group				(9)
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group				(3)
Changes in composition of the group and other changes		(26)	(127)	(6)
Closing balance		€ 203	€ 204	€ 326

[1] Changes in unrealised revaluations include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss

XML

Equity - Schedule of Changes in Currency Translation Reserve (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance		€ (5,897)	€ (5,759)
Unrealised revaluations	[1]	(1,073)	191
Closing balance		(4,362)	(5,897)	€ (5,759)
Currency translation reserve [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance		(770)	(538)	(741)
Unrealised revaluations		192	(76)	(263)
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss		0	0	0
Impact of deconsolidation of NN Group				26
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group				8
Impact of IPO NN Group		0	0	0
Exchange rate differences		(1,085)	(156)	432
Closing balance		€ (1,663)	€ (770)	€ (538)

[1] Changes in unrealised revaluations include changes on hedged items which are recognised in the statement of profit or loss

XML

Equity - Schedule of Share of Associates Joint Ventures and other Reserves (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Equity [abstract]
Opening balance	€ 2,235	€ 1,733	€ 1,483
Result for the year	153	124	131
Transfer to/from retained earnings	139	265
Closing balance	€ 2,527	€ 2,235	€ 1,733

XML

Equity - Changes in Treasury Shares & Retained Earnings (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance	600,634	1,464,025	4,302,122
Purchased/sold	343,623	(863,391)	(2,810,775)
Share-based payments			(27,322)
Closing balance	944,257	600,634	1,464,025
Opening balance	€ (8)	€ (18)	€ (46)
Purchased/sold	(7)	10	28
Closing balance	(15)	(8)	(18)
Opening balance	24,371	22,231
Coupon on Undated subordinated notes issued by NN Group			(34)
Closing balance	27,022	24,371	22,231
Retained earnings [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Opening balance	24,371	22,231	19,370
Transfer to/from share of associates and joint ventures reserves	(139)	(265)
Result for the year	5,311	4,851	4,795
Impact of partial divestment of NN Group			(258)
Dividend	(2,564)	(2,521)	(1,393)
Coupon on Undated subordinated notes issued by NN Group			(19)
Employee stock options and share plans	21	75	105
Changes in composition of the group and other changes	22		(369)
Closing balance	€ 27,022	€ 24,371	€ 22,231

XML

Equity - Schedule of Legally Distributable Reserves (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Non-distributable reserves	€ 7,678	€ 7,379	€ 6,824
ING Bank [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Non-distributable reserves	7,603	7,310	€ 6,824
Other [member]
Disclosure of equity [Line Items]
Non-distributable reserves	€ 75	€ 69

XML

Net Interest Income - Summary of Net Interest Income (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Net Interest Income [Abstract]
Interest income on loans	€ 18,284	€ 18,407	€ 19,185
Interest income on impaired loans	54	69	42
Negative interest on liabilities	500	175	64
Total interest income on loans	18,838	18,651	19,291
Interest income on available-for-salesecurities	1,340	1,659	1,785
Interest income on held-to-maturity securities	154	97	101
Interest income on trading derivatives	16,108	16,081	17,130
Interest income on other trading portfolio	1,028	728	677
Interest income on non-trading derivatives (no hedge accounting)	594	623	788
Interest income on non-trading derivatives (hedge accounting)	5,690	6,213	6,394
Other interest income	138	130	155
Interest income	43,890	44,182	46,321
Interest expense on deposits from banks	301	283	302
Interest expense on customer deposits	2,664	3,160	4,177
Interest expense on debt securities	2,054	2,290	2,535
Interest expense on subordinated loans	784	816	901
Interest expense on trading derivatives	16,117	16,263	17,405
Interest expense on other trading liabilities	744	210	207
Interest expense on non-trading derivatives (no hedge accounting)	895	652	652
Interest expense on non-trading derivatives (hedge accounting)	5,946	6,720	7,181
Other interest expense	331	363	360
Negative interest on assets	407	184	40
Interest expense	30,243	30,941	33,760
Net interest income	€ 13,647	€ 13,241	€ 12,561

XML

Net Interest Income - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Interest Income [Abstract]
Increase in total average assets on net interest income	€ 406	€ 680

XML

Net Commission Income - Schedule of Fee and Commission Income (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fee and commission income (expense) [abstract]
Funds transfer	€ 1,172	€ 1,103	€ 1,014
Securities business	532	497	570
Insurance broking	176	181	185
Asset management fees	116	91	74
Brokerage and advisory fees	548	477	436
Other	1,321	1,232	1,132
Total Fee and commission income	€ 3,865	€ 3,581	€ 3,411

XML

Net Commission Income - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fee and commission income (expense) [abstract]
Bank guarantees fee and commission income	€ 209	€ 202	€ 171
Underwriting syndication loans fee and commission income	52	44	30
Structured finance fee and commission income	136	110	87
Collective instruments distribution fee and commission income	€ 165	€ 145	€ 145

XML

Net Commission Income - Schedule of Fee and Commission Expense (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fee and commission expense [abstract]
Funds transfer	€ 437	€ 403	€ 385
Securities business	150	166	158
Insurance broking	4	8	18
Asset management fees	5	5	2
Brokerage and advisory fees	192	166	140
Other	367	400	390
Total fee and commission expenses	€ 1,155	€ 1,148	€ 1,093

XML

Valuation Results and Net Trading Income - Summary of Valuation Results and Net Trading Income (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Valuation Results And Net Trading Income [Abstract]
Securities trading results	€ 656	€ (369)	€ 1,352
Derivatives trading results	59	706	600
Change in fair value of derivatives relating to
- fair value hedges	(184)	(170)	81
- cash flow hedges (ineffective portion)	44	(16)	31
- other non-tradingderivatives	(301)	2,103	830
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities (hedged items)	91	244	(67)
Valuation results on assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss (excluding trading)	(56)	(79)	372
Foreign exchange transactions results	1,194	(898)	(820)
Other	9	24	66
Valuation results and net trading income 21	€ 1,512	€ 1,545	€ 2,445

XML

Valuation Results and Net Trading Income - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Valuation Results and Net Trading Income [Line Items]
CVA/DVA Adjustments on trading derivatives	€ 47	€ 36	€ 98
Fair value adjustments on own issued notes	(107)	(70)	404
DVA adjustment on own issued notes	(79)	(50)	163
Voya Financial Inc and NN Group NV [member]
Disclosure of Valuation Results and Net Trading Income [Line Items]
Amount related to warrants on shares	(52)	33	(19)
Trading securities [member]
Disclosure of Valuation Results and Net Trading Income [Line Items]
Trading gains and losses relating to trading securities	€ (68)	€ (232)	€ 147

XML

Investment Income - Summary of Investment Income (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Dividend income	€ 80	€ 87	€ 63
Impairments of available-for-sale debt securities			(17)
Reversal of impairments of available-for-sale debt securities	3
Realised gains/losses and impairments of debt securities	67	107	106
Impairments of available-for-sale equity securities	(6)	(13)	(117)
Realised gains/losses and impairments of equity securities	42	223	(50)
Income from and fair value gains/losses on investment properties	3	4	4
Investment income	192	421	123
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Realised gains/losses on disposal of debt securities	64	107	123
Available for sale at debt [member]
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Reversal of impairments of available-for-sale debt securities	3
Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Realised gains/losses on disposal of debt securities	€ 48	€ 236	€ 67

XML

Investment Income - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Dividend income	€ 80	€ 87	€ 63
Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Realised gains/losses on disposal of equity securities	€ 48	236	€ 67
Visa europe limited [member] | Equity securities [member]
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Realised gains/losses on disposal of equity securities		163
Business combinations [member]
Disclosure of Investment Income [Line Items]
Dividend income		€ 16

XML

Investment Income - Summary of Impairments and Reversals of Impairment on Investments per Segment (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Impairments And Reversals Of Impairment On Investments Per Segment [Line Items]
Impairments	€ (6)	€ (13)	€ (134)
Reversal of impairments	3
Retail Belgium [member]
Disclosure Of Impairments And Reversals Of Impairment On Investments Per Segment [Line Items]
Impairments			(5)
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure Of Impairments And Reversals Of Impairment On Investments Per Segment [Line Items]
Impairments	(5)	(8)	€ (129)
Reversal of impairments	3
Corporate Line Banking [member]
Disclosure Of Impairments And Reversals Of Impairment On Investments Per Segment [Line Items]
Impairments	€ (1)	€ (5)

XML

Result on Disposal of Group Companies - Summary of Result on Disposal of Group Companies (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Gains Losses on Disposals of Non-current Assets [Line Items]
Gain loss on disposal of companies	€ 1	€ 1	€ 2
Baring Private Equity Partners [member]
Disclosure of Gains Losses on Disposals of Non-current Assets [Line Items]
Gain loss on disposal of companies	€ 1	€ 1	7
ING Lease UK [member]
Disclosure of Gains Losses on Disposals of Non-current Assets [Line Items]
Gain loss on disposal of companies			€ (5)

XML

Other Income - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items]
Other income	€ 350	€ 173	€ 66
Operating lease income	24	21	19
Operating lease, depreciation	22	€ 19	€ 17
ING Australia Holdings Ltd [member]
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items]
Other income	€ 121

XML

Staff Expenses - Summary of Staff Expenses (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Staff Expenses [Abstract]
Salaries	€ 3,273	€ 3,224	€ 3,221
Pension costs and other staff-related benefit costs	381	344	275
Social security costs	499	512	514
Share-based compensation arrangements	74	75	76
External employees	716	636	634
Education	76	70	68
Other staff costs	183	178	184
Total staff expenses	€ 5,202	€ 5,039	€ 4,972

XML

Staff Expenses - Summary of Number of Employees (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis	51,504	51,943	57,553
Continuing operations [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis	51,504	51,943	52,720
Discontinued operations [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis			4,833
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis	13,141	13,660	17,238
Netherlands [member] | Continuing operations [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis	13,141	13,660	14,586
Netherlands [member] | Discontinued operations [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis			2,652
International [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis	38,363	38,283	40,315
International [member] | Continuing operations [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis	38,363	38,283	38,134
International [member] | Discontinued operations [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis			2,181

XML

Staff expenses - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) award	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€) award	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€) award	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Expense related in equity settled share based payment arrangements	€ 69,000,000	€ 69,000,000	€ 63,000,000
Expense related in cash settled share based payment arrangements	€ 5,000,000	€ 6,000,000	€ 13,000,000
Option rights valid period (years)	10
Total options outstanding	15,141,980	25,574,912	37,311,131	52,559,607
Weighted average share price, exercise for options exercised	€ 13.81	€ 10.43	€ 13.62
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable	59,000,000	64,000,000	68,000,000
Cash received from stock option exercise	€ 10,000,000	€ 7,000,000	€ 16,000,000
Share awards related in equity settled share based payment arrangements | award	6,416,705	7,294,633	7,485,634
Share awards related in cash settled share based payment arrangements | award	805,574	1,088,330	1,251,380
Unrecognised compensation cost related to share awards amount	€ 37,000,000	€ 41,000,000	€ 45,000,000
Costs expected to be recognised over weighted average period	1 year 4 months 24 days	1 year 4 months 24 days	1 year 4 months 24 days
Executive board of ING Groep N.V. [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Share awards granted	54,768	61,532	0
Management board of ING Bank [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Share awards granted	104,449	170,749	106,013
Senior management and other employees [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Share awards granted	4,846,903	6,590,039	6,088,240
Description of share based payment arrangement	In 2017, 54,768 share awards (2016 61,532; 2015 nil) were granted to the members of the Executive Board of ING Groep N.V., 104,449 share awards (2016 170,749; 2015 106,013) were granted to the Management Board Banking. To senior management and other employees 4,846,903 share awards (2016 6,590,039; 2015 6,088,240) were granted.
Equity settled share based payment arrangements [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Total options outstanding	10,156,219	16,861,694	27,657,794
Cash settled share based payment arrangements [member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Total options outstanding	4,985,761	8,713,218	9,653,337

XML

Staff Expenses - Summary of Changes in Option Rights Outstanding (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€)	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€)
Staff Expenses [Abstract]
Options outstanding, Opening balance	25,574,912	37,311,131	52,559,607
Options outstanding, Exercised	(2,216,764)	(1,583,072)	(3,251,420)
Options outstanding, Forfeited	(168,007)	(244,959)	(410,847)
Options outstanding, Expired	(8,048,161)	(9,908,188)	(11,586,209)
Options outstanding, Closing balance	15,141,980	25,574,912	37,311,131
Weighted average exercise price, Opening balance	€ 15.53	€ 17.54	€ 16.95
Weighted average exercise price, Exercised	5.89	5.40	5.97
Weighted average exercise price, Forfeited	14.26	16.89	18.05
Weighted average exercise price, Expired	24.18	24.67	18.13
Weighted average exercise price, Closing balance	€ 12.36	€ 15.53	€ 17.54

XML

Staff Expenses - Summary of Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) Options yr	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€) Options yr	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€) Options yr
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options	15,141,980	25,574,912	37,311,131
Range of exercise price 0.00 - 5.00 [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining contractual life | yr	1.21	2.21	3.22
Weighted average exercise price	€ 2.88	€ 2.88	€ 2.89
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options	2,294,423	3,086,449	3,817,765
Range of exercise price 0.00 - 5.00 [member] | Minimum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 0
Range of exercise price 0.00 - 5.00 [member] | Maximum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 5
Range of exercise price 5.00 - 10.00 [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining contractual life | yr	2.21	3.21	4.21
Weighted average exercise price	€ 7.38	€ 7.37	€ 7.37
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options	3,754,542	5,248,657	6,213,999
Range of exercise price 5.00 - 10.00 [member] | Minimum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 5
Range of exercise price 5.00 - 10.00 [member] | Maximum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 10
Range of exercise price 10.00 - 15.00 [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining contractual life | yr	0.71	1.71	2.72
Weighted average exercise price	€ 14.35	€ 14.35	€ 14.35
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options	110,086	137,706	139,841
Range of exercise price 10.00 - 15.00 [member] | Minimum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 10
Range of exercise price 10.00 - 15.00 [member] | Maximum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 15
Range of exercise price 15.00 - 20.00 [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining contractual life | yr	0.21	1.21	2.21
Weighted average exercise price	€ 16.84	€ 16.83	€ 16.87
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options	8,982,929	9,460,529	10,061,265
Range of exercise price 15.00 - 20.00 [member] | Minimum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 15
Range of exercise price 15.00 - 20.00 [member] | Maximum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	20
Range of exercise price 20.00 - 25.00 [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining contractual life | yr		0.23	1.24
Weighted average exercise price		€ 24.62	€ 24.62
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options		7,295,027	7,608,639
Range of exercise price 20.00 - 25.00 [member] | Minimum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	20
Range of exercise price 20.00 - 25.00 [member] | Maximum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	25
Range of exercise price 25.00 - 30.00 [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining contractual life | yr		0.38	0.30
Weighted average exercise price		€ 25.42	€ 25.17
Total options outstanding and exercisable as at 31 December | Options		346,544	9,469,622
Range of exercise price 25.00 - 30.00 [member] | Minimum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	25
Range of exercise price 25.00 - 30.00 [member] | Maximum [member]
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable [Line Items]
Range of exercise price in euros	€ 30

XML

Staff Expenses - Summary of Changes in Share Awards (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) award	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€) award	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€) award
Staff Expenses [Abstract]
Options outstanding, Opening balance | award	8,382,963	8,737,014	12,706,264
Options outstanding, Granted | award	5,006,120	6,822,320	6,194,253
Options outstanding, Performance effect | award	379,934	543,891	453,699
Options outstanding, Vested | award	(6,328,318)	(7,569,972)	(10,374,131)
Options outstanding, Forfeited | award	(218,420)	(150,290)	(243,071)
Options outstanding, Closing balance | award	7,222,279	8,382,963	8,737,014
Opening balance | €	€ 10.44	€ 10.04	€ 7.37
Granted | €	13.20	10.20	13.00
Performance effect | €	10.47	8.68	6.40
Vested | €	11.40	9.65	8.38
Forfeited | €	10.83	10.58	8.91
Closing balance | €	€ 11.46	€ 10.44	€ 10.04

XML

Other Operating Expenses - Summary of Other Operating Expenses (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Text block1 [abstract]
IT related expenses1	€ 737	€ 740	€ 753
Office expenses	587	580	618
Advertising and public relations	455	404	418
Travel and accommodation expenses	178	169	166
External advisory fees	353	320	246
Audit and non-audit services	22	19	18
Postal charges	50	48	56
Depreciation of property and equipment	319	330	327
Amortisation of intangible assets	179	187	270
Impairments and reversals on property and equipment and intangibles	18	107	27
Regulatory costs	901	845	620
Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of provision for reorganisations and relocations	(5)	1,189	165
Addition/(unused amounts reversed) of other provisions	167	213	7
Contributions and subscriptions	91	82	68
Other	575	342	595
Other operating income (expense)	€ 4,627	€ 5,575	€ 4,354

XML

Other operating expenses - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of other operating expenses [line items]
lease and sublease payments in respect of operating leases	€ 307	€ 310	€ 281
Increase in local bank taxes	30
Local bank taxes	381	351
Netherlands [member] | Floating rate debt securities [member]
Disclosure of other operating expenses [line items]
Other one-off procured cost savings		116
Regulatory Cost [Member]
Disclosure of other operating expenses [line items]
Contributions to the Deposit Guarantee Schemes	341	316	233
Contributions to the Single Resolution Fund	€ 179	€ 176	€ 143

XML

Other Operating Expenses - Summary of Audit and Non-audit Services (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fees of Group's auditor
Audit fees	€ 18	€ 15	€ 16
Audit related fees	1	1	1
Tax fees			1
Total	€ 19	€ 16	€ 18

XML

Other Operating Expenses - Summary of Intangible Amortisation and (Reversals of) Impairments (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of impairment loss and reversal of impairment loss [line items]
Impairment losses	€ 6	€ 13
Reversals of impairments	3
Property development [member]
Disclosure of impairment loss and reversal of impairment loss [line items]
Impairment losses	2	3	€ 9
Reversals of impairments	0	0	0
Total	2	3	9
Software and other intangible assets [member]
Disclosure of impairment loss and reversal of impairment loss [line items]
Impairment losses	30	44	15
Reversals of impairments	0	0	0
Total	30	44	15
(Reversals of) other impairments [member]
Disclosure of impairment loss and reversal of impairment loss [line items]
Impairment losses	42	112	41
Reversals of impairments	(24)	(5)	(14)
Total	18	107	27
Property and equipment [member]
Disclosure of impairment loss and reversal of impairment loss [line items]
Impairment losses	10	65	17
Reversals of impairments	(24)	(5)	(14)
Total	€ (14)	€ 60	€ 3

XML

Discontinued operations - Summary of Net Result From Discounted Operations (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Net result from discontinued operations		€ 800
Net result from classification as discontinued operations		3
Net result from disposal of discontinued operations	€ 441	(879)
Total net result from discontinued operations (before non-controlling interests)	441	(76)
NN Group [member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Net result from discontinued operations		800
Net result from classification as discontinued operations		3
Net result from disposal of discontinued operations	441	(1,202)
Total net result from discontinued operations (before non-controlling interests)	€ 441	(399)
Voya Financial Inc. [member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Net result from disposal of discontinued operations		323
Total net result from discontinued operations (before non-controlling interests)		€ 323

XML

Discontinued Operation - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions, shares in Millions					1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Apr. 14, 2016	Feb. 02, 2016	Jan. 05, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	May 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2015	Feb. 28, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Tax effect on the result on disposal of discontinued operations									€ 2.0	€ 0.0
Total comprehensive income								€ 3,774.0	4,714.0	6,456.0
Total comprehensive income attributable to equity holders								3,665.0	4,714.0	5,922.0
Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests								€ 109.0		534.0
NN Group [member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Dividend received										59.0
Total comprehensive income					€ 1,718.0
Total comprehensive income attributable to equity holders					941.0
Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests					€ 777.0
Interest held		14.09%	16.22%	25.75%	54.77%
Impact on profit or loss			€ 522.0
Disposal of ordinary shares in divestment transaction			33.0
Ordinary shares repurchased			8.0
Gross transaction value in divestment transaction			€ 1,000.0
Mandatory exchangeable subordinated notes exchanged		€ 337.5
Notes exchanged into ordinary shares		€ 210.0
Ordinary shares issued in exchange of notes		6.9
Notes settled in cash		€ 128.0
NN Group [member] | Deconsolidation of NN Group [Member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Impact on profit or loss										(1,224.0)
NN Group [member] | Divestment of NN Group [Member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Impact on profit or loss									€ 448.0	(15.0)
Voya Financial Inc. [member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Interest held						0.00%	18.90%
Voya Financial Inc. [member] | Divestment of voya [member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Impact on profit or loss										€ 323.0
Divestment of remaining share holding In NN Group [member] | Date of divestment transactions in april 2016 for divestment remaining shareholding in nn group [member]
Disclosure of Discontinued Operations [line items]
Impact on profit or loss	€ (66.0)
Disposal of ordinary shares in divestment transaction	45.7
Gross transaction value in divestment transaction	€ 1,406.0

XML

Discontinued Operations - Summary of Net Result From Discounted Operations (After Tax) (Detail) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€)
Profit or loss [abstract]
Total income	€ 6,824
Total expenses	5,879
Result before tax from discontinued operations	945
Taxation	145
Net result from discontinued operations	€ 800

XML

Discontinued Operations - Summary of Net Cash Flows From Discontinued Operations (Detail) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€)
Statement of cash flows [abstract]
Operating cash flow	€ (1,409)
Investing cash flow	2,619
Financing cash flow	526
Net cash flow	€ 1,736

XML

Earnings Per Ordinary Share - Summary of Earnings Per Ordinary Share (Detail) - EUR (€) € / shares in Units, € in Millions, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Amount
Basic earnings	€ 5,464	€ 4,975	€ 4,926
Basic earnings from discontinued operations, amount		441	(415)
Basic earnings from continuing operations, amount	5,464	4,534	5,341
Diluted earnings, amount	5,464	4,975	4,926
Diluted earnings from discontinued operations, amount		441	(415)
Diluted earnings from continuing operations, amount	€ 5,464	€ 4,534	€ 5,341
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period
Basic earnings	3,882.8	3,875.0	3,864.8
Stock option and share plans	2.8	3.5	5.5
Total effect of dilutive instruments	2.8	3.5	5.5
Diluted earnings	3,885.6	3,878.5	3,870.3
Per ordinary share
Basic earnings	€ 1.41	€ 1.28	€ 1.28
Basic earnings from discontinued operations	0.00	0.11	(0.11)
Basic earnings from continuing operations	1.41	1.17	1.39
Diluted earnings	1.41	1.28	1.27
Diluted earnings from discontinued operations	0.00	0.11	(0.11)
Diluted earnings from continuing operations	€ 1.41	€ 1.17	€ 1.38

XML

Dividend Per Ordinary Share - Schedule of Dividends to Shareholders of the Parent (Detail) - EUR (€) € / shares in Units, € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of Dividends [Line Items]
Dividends per ordinary share	€ 0.67	€ 0.66	€ 0.65
Dividends on ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [Line Items]
Dividends per ordinary share	€ 0.67	€ 0.66	€ 0.65
Dividends	€ 2,603	€ 2,560	€ 2,519
Interim dividends [member] | Dividends on ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [Line Items]
Dividends per ordinary share	€ 0.24	€ 0.24	€ 0.24
Dividends	€ 933	€ 931	€ 929
Final dividends [member] | Dividends on ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [Line Items]
Dividends per ordinary share	€ 0.43	€ 0.42	€ 0.41
Dividends	€ 1,670	€ 1,629	€ 1,590

XML

Dividend Per Ordinary Share - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Ordinary shares [member]
Disclosure of Dividends [Line Items]
Withholding tax on dividends paid	15.00%	15.00%	15.00%

XML

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities - Summary of Changes in liabilties arising from financing activities (Detail) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€)
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities [line items]
2016	€ 120,457
Cash Flows Additions	97,789
Redemptions /Disposals	(99,180)
Non cash changes (Amortisation)	178
Transfer asset/ liability	(40)
Changes in FV	(1,009)
Foreign exchange movement	(6,141)
2017	112,054
Debt securities in issue [member]
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities [line items]
2016	103,234
Cash Flows Additions	95,458
Redemptions /Disposals	(96,837)
Non cash changes (Amortisation)	132
Transfer asset/ liability	(40)
Changes in FV	(915)
Foreign exchange movement	(4,946)
2017	96,086
Subordinated loans [member]
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities [line items]
2016	17,223
Cash Flows Additions	2,331
Redemptions /Disposals	(2,343)
Non cash changes (Amortisation)	46
Changes in FV	(94)
Foreign exchange movement	(1,195)
2017	€ 15,968

XML

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Summary of Cash and Cash Equivalents (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Cash and cash equivalents [abstract]
Treasury bills and other eligible bills	€ 391	€ 512	€ 363
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks	(3,403)	(2,492)	(1,442)
Cash and balances with central banks	21,989	18,144	21,458
Cash and cash equivalents classified as Assets held for sale	0	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	18,977	16,164	20,379	€ 17,113
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in cash and cash equivalents
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in trading assets	5	126	228
Treasury bills and other eligible bills included in available-for-sale investments	386	386	135
Total treasury bills and other eligible bills included in cash and cash equivalents	391	512	363
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks included in cash and cash equivalents:
Deposits from banks	(8,563)	(9,809)	(10,312)
Loans and advances to banks	5,160	7,317	8,870
Total deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks included in cash and cash equivalents	(3,403)	(2,492)	(1,442)
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks not included in cash and cash equivalents:
Deposits from banks	(28,258)	(22,155)	(23,501)
Loans and advances to banks	23,651	21,541	21,118
Total deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks not not included in cash and cash equivalents	(4,607)	(614)	(2,383)
Deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks included in the statement of financial position:
Deposits from banks	(36,821)	(31,964)	(33,813)
Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	29,988
Total deposits from banks/Loans and advances to banks included in the statement of financial position	€ (8,010)	€ (3,106)	€ (3,825)

XML

Segments - Summary of Reconciliation Between Underlying and IFRS Income, Expenses and Net Result (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income	€ 18,590	€ 17,902	€ 18,007
Taxation	2,539	1,705	1,924
Non- Controlling interests	715	606	638
Net result	5,464	4,975	4,926
Discontinued operations [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Net result		(441)	415
Continuing operations [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income	18,590	17,902	18,007
Expenses	10,505	11,588	10,673
Taxation	2,539	1,705	1,924
Non- Controlling interests	82	75	69
Net result	5,464	4,534	5,341
Divestments [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income			(367)
Net result			(367)
Special items [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income	(121)
Expenses		(1,157)	(77)
Taxation	(121)	358	19
Net result	0	799	58
Insurance other [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income	53	(33)	45
Expenses			(4)
Taxation	1		5
Non- Controlling interests			2
Net result	52	(33)	42
Underlying [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income	18,521	17,869	17,713
Expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
Non- Controlling interests	82	75	72
Net result	€ 5,516	€ 5,300	5,095
Intercompany eliminations between ING Bank and NN Group [member]
Disclosure of operating segments [line items]
Income			28
Expenses			1
Taxation			7
Net result			€ 20

XML

Segments - Schedule of ING Group Total (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Underlying income
- Net interest income	€ 13,647	€ 13,241	€ 12,561
- Net commission income	2,710	2,433	2,318
Underlying expenditure
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974
Taxation	2,539	1,705	1,924
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	5,546	4,609	5,410
Total net result from discontinued operations		441	(76)
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,464	4,975	4,926
NN Group [member]
Underlying expenditure
Total net result from discontinued operations		441	(399)
Underlying [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,516	5,300	5,095
Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)			(367)
Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses		(1,157)	(77)
Taxation	(121)	358	19
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	0	799	58
Insurance other [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses			(4)
Taxation	1		5
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	52	(33)	42
ING Group [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	5,464	4,534	5,341
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,464	4,975	4,926
ING Group [member] | NN Group [member]
Underlying expenditure
Total net result from discontinued operations		441	(738)
ING Group [member] | Voya [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Total net result from discontinued operations			323
ING Group [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	13,646	13,241	12,590
- Net commission income	2,714	2,433	2,320
- Total investment and other income	2,162	2,195	2,803
Total underlying income	18,521	17,869	17,713
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	9,829	9,456	9,246
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974	1,347
Total underlying expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Underlying result before taxation	8,016	7,439	7,120
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
Non-controlling interests	82	75	72
Underlying net result	5,516	5,300	5,095
ING Group [member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
ING Group [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	0	(799)	(58)
ING Group [member] | Insurance other [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	(52)	33	(42)
ING Group [member] | Intercompany eliminations between ING bank and NN Group4 [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			(20)
ING Group [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	5,578	4,551	5,535
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,578	4,551	5,535
ING Group [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	13,714	13,317	12,744
- Net commission income	2,714	2,434	2,320
- Total investment and other income	2,144	2,174	2,800
Total underlying income	18,572	17,925	17,864
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	9,795	9,445	9,231
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974	1,347
Total underlying expenses	10,472	10,419	10,578
Underlying result before taxation	8,100	7,506	7,286
Taxation	2,440	2,081	1,988
Non-controlling interests	82	75	72
Underlying net result	5,578	5,350	5,226
ING Group [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
ING Group [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	0	(799)	(58)
ING Group [member] | Other banking [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	(62)	(50)	(131)
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	(62)	(50)	(131)
ING Group [member] | Other banking [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	(68)	(76)	(154)
- Total investment and other income	17	21	3
Total underlying income	(51)	(56)	(151)
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	34	11	15
Total underlying expenses	34	11	15
Underlying result before taxation	(84)	(67)	(166)
Taxation	(22)	(17)	(35)
Underlying net result	(62)	(50)	(131)
ING Group [member] | Total Banking [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	5,516	4,501	5,404
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,516	4,501	5,404
ING Group [member] | Total Banking [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	13,646	13,241	12,590
- Net commission income	2,714	2,433	2,320
- Total investment and other income	2,162	2,195	2,803
Total underlying income	18,521	17,869	17,713
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	9,829	9,456	9,246
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974	1,347
Total underlying expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Underlying result before taxation	8,016	7,439	7,120
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
Non-controlling interests	82	75	72
Underlying net result	5,516	5,300	5,095
ING Group [member] | Total Banking [member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
ING Group [member] | Total Banking [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	0	(799)	(58)
ING Group [member] | Legacy insurance [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	(52)	33	(63)
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	(52)	474	(477)
ING Group [member] | Legacy insurance [member] | NN Group [member]
Underlying expenditure
Total net result from discontinued operations		441	(738)
ING Group [member] | Legacy insurance [member] | Voya [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Total net result from discontinued operations			323
ING Group [member] | Legacy insurance [member] | Insurance other [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	€ (52)	€ 33	(42)
ING Group [member] | Legacy insurance [member] | Intercompany eliminations between ING bank and NN Group4 [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			€ (20)

XML

Segments - Summary of Segments Banking by Line of Business (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Underlying income
- Net interest income	€ 13,647	€ 13,241	€ 12,561
- Net commission income	2,710	2,433	2,318
Underlying expenditure
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974
Taxation	2,539	1,705	1,924
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	5,546	4,609	5,410
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	5,464	4,975	4,926
Underlying [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	5,516	5,300	5,095
Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses		(1,157)	(77)
Taxation	(121)	358	19
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	0	799	58
Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent			(367)
Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	5,516	4,501	5,404
Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	13,646	13,241	12,590
- Net commission income	2,714	2,433	2,320
- Total investment and other income	2,162	2,195	2,803
Total underlying income	18,521	17,869	17,713
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	9,829	9,456	9,246
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974	1,347
Total underlying expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Underlying result before taxation	8,016	7,439	7,120
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
Non-controlling interests	82	75	72
Underlying net result	5,516	5,300	5,095
Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	0	(799)	(58)
Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
Retail Netherlands [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	1,678	1,090	1,046
Retail Netherlands [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	3,610	3,653	3,683
- Net commission income	601	546	515
- Total investment and other income	257	237	205
Total underlying income	4,468	4,436	4,403
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	2,212	2,560	2,475
- Additions to loan loss provision	13	171	433
Total underlying expenses	2,224	2,731	2,908
Underlying result before taxation	2,243	1,705	1,495
Taxation	566	422	391
Underlying net result	1,678	1,282	1,104
Retail Netherlands [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(192)	(58)
Retail Belgium [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	491	235	583
Retail Belgium [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	1,842	1,936	1,953
- Net commission income	408	385	397
- Total investment and other income	224	253	195
Total underlying income	2,473	2,573	2,546
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,584	1,438	1,532
- Additions to loan loss provision	104	175	169
Total underlying expenses	1,688	1,613	1,701
Underlying result before taxation	785	961	845
Taxation	296	306	255
Non-controlling interests	(2)	1	6
Underlying net result	491	653	583
Retail Belgium [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(418)
Retail Germany [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	625	738	681
Retail Germany [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	1,704	1,689	1,634
- Net commission income	215	183	172
- Total investment and other income	(28)	51	104
Total underlying income	1,891	1,923	1,910
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,032	886	842
- Additions to loan loss provision	(10)	(18)	57
Total underlying expenses	1,022	868	899
Underlying result before taxation	869	1,055	1,012
Taxation	241	315	328
Non-controlling interests	2	2	2
Underlying net result	625	738	681
Retail Other [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	569	608	781
Retail Other [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	2,437	2,107	1,935
- Net commission income	384	320	278
- Total investment and other income	207	432	195
Total underlying income	3,028	2,859	2,408
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,919	1,723	1,594
- Additions to loan loss provision	284	278	210
Total underlying expenses	2,203	2,001	1,804
Underlying result before taxation	825	858	604
Taxation	188	178	142
Non-controlling interests	67	60	48
Underlying net result	569	620	414
Retail Other [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(12)
Retail Other [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
Wholesale Banking [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	2,508	2,078	2,717
Wholesale Banking [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	3,827	3,750	3,538
- Net commission income	1,108	1,003	962
- Total investment and other income	1,804	1,266	2,231
Total underlying income	6,739	6,019	6,731
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	2,792	2,572	2,559
- Additions to loan loss provision	284	368	478
Total underlying expenses	3,076	2,940	3,036
Underlying result before taxation	3,663	3,079	3,694
Taxation	1,140	840	961
Non-controlling interests	15	11	16
Underlying net result	2,508	2,227	2,717
Wholesale Banking [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(149)
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result attributable to Equityholders of the parent	(356)	(248)	(404)
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	226	106	(153)
- Net commission income	(3)	(3)	(4)
- Total investment and other income	(301)	(44)	(127)
Total underlying income	(78)	59	(285)
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	290	278	245
- Additions to loan loss provision	1
Total underlying expenses	291	278	245
Underlying result before taxation	(369)	(219)	(530)
Taxation	(13)	2	(125)
Underlying net result	(356)	(221)	€ (404)
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Segments Banking Activities [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	€ 0	€ (27)

XML

Segments - Summary of Geographical Segments Banking (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Underlying income
- Net interest income	€ 13,647	€ 13,241	€ 12,561
- Net commission income	2,710	2,433	2,318
Underlying expenditure
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974
Taxation	2,539	1,705	1,924
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	5,546	4,609	5,410
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,464	4,975	4,926
Underlying [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,516	5,300	5,095
Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses		(1,157)	(77)
Taxation	(121)	358	19
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	0	799	58
Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)			(367)
Netherlands [member]
Underlying expenditure
Taxation	812	493	652
Geographical Segments Banking [Member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	5,516	4,501	5,404
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	13,646	13,241	12,590
- Net commission income	2,714	2,433	2,320
- Total investment and other income	2,162	2,195	2,803
Total underlying income	18,521	17,869	17,713
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	9,829	9,456	9,246
- Additions to loan loss provision	676	974	1,347
Total underlying expenses	10,505	10,430	10,593
Underlying result before taxation	8,016	7,439	7,120
Taxation	2,418	2,064	1,953
Non-controlling interests	82	75	72
Underlying net result	5,516	5,300	5,095
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	0	(799)	(58)
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	2,677	1,863	2,148
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	4,480	4,699	4,677
- Net commission income	871	779	754
- Total investment and other income	1,141	967	1,428
Total underlying income	6,492	6,445	6,861
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	2,930	3,301	3,220
- Additions to loan loss provision	3	310	654
Total underlying expenses	2,933	3,610	3,875
Underlying result before taxation	3,559	2,835	2,985
Taxation	882	705	779
Underlying net result	2,677	2,130	2,206
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(268)	(58)
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Belgium [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	546	306	765
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Belgium [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	2,089	2,183	2,287
- Net commission income	519	482	497
- Total investment and other income	574	462	402
Total underlying income	3,183	3,128	3,185
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	2,063	1,796	1,943
- Additions to loan loss provision	160	215	166
Total underlying expenses	2,223	2,010	2,109
Underlying result before taxation	960	1,118	1,075
Taxation	416	319	304
Non-controlling interests	(2)	1	6
Underlying net result	546	797	765
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Belgium [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(491)
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Germany [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	988	875	743
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Germany [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	2,172	2,025	1,812
- Net commission income	269	241	215
- Total investment and other income	148	(21)	83
Total underlying income	2,589	2,245	2,109
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,154	987	917
- Additions to loan loss provision	(15)	(13)	77
Total underlying expenses	1,140	973	994
Underlying result before taxation	1,449	1,272	1,115
Taxation	459	395	370
Non-controlling interests	2	2	2
Underlying net result	988	875	743
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Other Challengers [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	234	423	329
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Other Challengers [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	1,527	1,373	1,268
- Net commission income	232	171	156
- Total investment and other income	(49)	136	14
Total underlying income	1,709	1,681	1,439
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,142	951	840
- Additions to loan loss provision	201	120	99
Total underlying expenses	1,344	1,071	938
Underlying result before taxation	366	610	501
Taxation	132	174	172
Underlying net result	234	436	329
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Other Challengers [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)		(13)
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Growth Markets [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	527	504	730
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Growth Markets [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	1,515	1,274	1,147
- Net commission income	316	309	267
- Total investment and other income	296	460	330
Total underlying income	2,127	2,043	1,743
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,126	1,103	1,061
- Additions to loan loss provision	241	240	176
Total underlying expenses	1,367	1,343	1,237
Underlying result before taxation	760	700	506
Taxation	151	125	79
Non-controlling interests	82	71	64
Underlying net result	527	504	363
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Growth Markets [member] | Divestments [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)			367
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Wholesale Banking Rest Of World [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	813	766	1,021
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Wholesale Banking Rest Of World [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	1,636	1,579	1,551
- Net commission income	509	452	435
- Total investment and other income	245	202	580
Total underlying income	2,390	2,233	2,566
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	1,113	1,029	1,003
- Additions to loan loss provision	85	103	175
Total underlying expenses	1,198	1,132	1,178
Underlying result before taxation	1,192	1,101	1,387
Taxation	379	335	367
Underlying net result	813	766	1,021
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Other [member]
Underlying expenditure
In accordance with IFRS-IASB (attributable to the equityholders of the parent)	(269)	(234)	(334)
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Other [member] | Underlying [member]
Underlying income
- Net interest income	227	107	(153)
- Net commission income	(3)	(2)	(4)
- Total investment and other income	(193)	(12)	(33)
Total underlying income	31	94	(189)
Underlying expenditure
- Operating expenses	301	290	262
- Additions to loan loss provision	1
Total underlying expenses	301	290	262
Underlying result before taxation	(270)	(197)	(451)
Taxation	(1)	10	(117)
Underlying net result	(269)	(207)	€ (334)
Geographical Segments Banking [Member] | Other [member] | Special items [member]
Underlying expenditure
Net result IFRS (continuing operations)	€ 0	€ (27)

XML

Information on Geographical Areas - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 Segments
Disclosure of operating segments [abstract]
Number of operating segment	7

XML

Information on Geographical Areas - Summary of Additional Information by Country (Detail) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) Employee	Dec. 31, 2016 EUR (€) Employee	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€) Employee
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Bank N.V.
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	51,504	51,943	52,720
Total Income	€ 18,590	€ 17,902	€ 18,007
Total assets	843,878	842,216	1,002,228
Result before tax	8,085	6,314	7,334
Taxation	€ 2,539	€ 1,705	€ 1,924
Netherlands [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Bank N.V.	ING Bank N.V.	ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	13,141	13,660	14,586
Total Income	€ 6,396	€ 6,367	€ 6,427
Total assets	239,342	292,255	468,506
Result before tax	2,940	1,941	2,060
Taxation	€ 812	€ 493	€ 678
Belgium [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING België N.V.	ING België N.V.	ING België N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	8,893	9,348	9,645
Total Income	€ 3,041	€ 3,057	€ 3,091
Total assets	119,068	131,431	130,916
Result before tax	1,093	457	1,109
Taxation	€ 455	€ 109	€ 329
Belgium [member] | Luxembourg [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Luxembourg S.A.	ING Luxembourg S.A.	ING Luxembourg S.A.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	777	793	774
Total Income	€ 298	€ 274	€ 298
Total assets	14,748	10,783	9,331
Result before tax	68	138	166
Taxation	€ 27	€ 32	€ 35
Rest of Europe [Member] | Poland [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	ING Bank Slaski S.A.	ING Bank Slaski S.A.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	8,664	8,735	8,713
Total Income	€ 1,119	€ 992	€ 903
Total assets	29,976	26,581	25,666
Result before tax	444	379	317
Taxation	€ 112	€ 90	€ 60
Rest of Europe [Member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING DiBa A.G.	ING DiBa A.G.	ING DiBa A.G.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	4,587	4,341	4,052
Total Income	€ 2,477	€ 2,117	€ 2,000
Total assets	138,185	134,902	126,171
Result before tax	1,405	1,187	1,044
Taxation	€ 448	€ 377	€ 353
Rest of Europe [Member] | Romania [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	1,968	1,806	1,596
Total Income	€ 314	€ 288	€ 221
Total assets	5,940	5,456	4,685
Result before tax	135	123	78
Taxation	€ 23	€ 21	€ 13
Rest of Europe [Member] | Spain [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	1,135	1,116	1,076
Total Income	€ 509	€ 498	€ 423
Total assets	23,858	23,309	24,457
Result before tax	97	197	144
Taxation	€ 25	€ 51	€ 52
Rest of Europe [Member] | Italy [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	838	833	824
Total Income	€ 336	€ 376	€ 202
Total assets	16,728	15,920	15,828
Result before tax	(4)	100	(87)
Taxation	€ 7	€ 33	€ (15)
Rest of Europe [Member] | United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	603	599	642
Total Income	€ 550	€ 504	€ 556
Total assets	78,573	29,830	32,156
Result before tax	324	290	362
Taxation	€ 76	€ 154	€ (19)
Rest of Europe [Member] | France [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	591	613	625
Total Income	€ 310	€ 280	€ 256
Total assets	10,678	8,614	7,489
Result before tax	93	56	67
Taxation	€ 32	€ 18	€ 23
Rest of Europe [Member] | Russia [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.	ING Bank (Eurasia) Z.A.O.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	270	276	288
Total Income	€ 136	€ 118	€ 185
Total assets	1,607	2,008	2,520
Result before tax	78	69	131
Taxation	€ 20	€ 7	€ 32
Rest of Europe [Member] | Czech Republic [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	245	220	211
Total Income	€ (5)	€ 77	€ 64
Total assets	5,640	3,653	2,519
Result before tax	(55)	40	30
Taxation	€ (11)	€ 8	€ 5
Rest of Europe [Member] | Hungary [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	146	152	162
Total Income	€ 32	€ 37	€ 46
Total assets	1,003	1,358	1,129
Result before tax		(1)	13
Taxation	€ 2	€ 3	€ 5
Rest of Europe [Member] | Slovakia [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	497	400	265
Total Income	€ 14	€ 14	€ 13
Total assets	677	715	573
Result before tax	2	3	8
Taxation	€ 1	€ 1	€ 2
Rest of Europe [Member] | Ukraine [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine	PJSC ING Bank Ukraine
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	106	111	120
Total Income	€ 30	€ 59	€ 46
Total assets	321	622	616
Result before tax	9	47	27
Taxation	€ 2	€ 7	€ 5
Rest of Europe [Member] | Austria [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.	Branch of ING DiBa A.G.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	225	196	169
Total Income	€ 80	€ 86	€ 93
Total assets	682	360	321
Result before tax	25	37	51
Taxation	€ (1)	€ (4)	€ 9
Rest of Europe [Member] | Bulgaria [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	70	76	76
Total Income	€ 9	€ 9	€ 10
Total assets	268	€ 274	267
Result before tax	€ (2)		€ (2)
Rest of Europe [Member] | Ireland [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	43	42	39
Total Income	€ 57	€ 53	€ 64
Total assets	2,337	1,910	1,697
Result before tax	47	54	36
Taxation	€ 6	€ 7	€ 5
Rest of Europe [Member] | Portugal [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	11	11	2
Total Income	€ 14	€ 14	€ 3
Total assets	667	642	616
Result before tax	9	10	3
Taxation	€ 3	€ 3	€ 1
Rest of Europe [Member] | Switzerland [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING België N.V.	Branch of ING België N.V.	Branch of ING België N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	204	192	177
Total Income	€ 224	€ 187	€ 187
Total assets	9,737	9,150	6,927
Result before tax	145	122	105
Taxation	€ 38	€ 33	€ 30
North America [Member] | Canada [Member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.	Belgian Overseas Agencies Ltd.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Total assets	€ 2	€ 1
North America [Member] | United States [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	ING Financial Holdings Corp.	ING Financial Holdings Corp.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	564	519	492
Total Income	€ 724	€ 732	€ 720
Total assets	42,873	42,571	47,784
Result before tax	371	377	423
Taxation	€ 134	€ 110	€ 122
Latin America [Member] | Brazil [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	78	70	56
Total Income	€ 47	€ 43	€ 48
Total assets	1,184	2,097	1,496
Result before tax	16	€ 13	32
Taxation	€ 4		€ 12
Latin America [Member] | Colombia [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Capital Colombia S.A.S.	ING Capital Colombia S.A.S.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	2	2
Total Income	€ 1
Total assets	€ 2	€ 1
Latin America [Member] | Mexico [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.	ING Consulting, S.A. de C.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	8	7	8
Total Income	€ 1	€ 1
Total assets	2	2	€ 1
Result before tax	€ (2)	€ (1)
Asia [Member] | China [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	81	72	59
Total Income	€ 35	€ 36	€ 39
Total assets	2,298	2,049	1,551
Result before tax	7	7	16
Taxation	€ (2)	€ (2)	€ 10
Asia [Member] | Japan [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	35	33	30
Total Income	€ 33	€ 36	€ 31
Total assets	2,238	3,702	6,772
Result before tax	17	22	20
Taxation	€ 11	€ 9	€ 9
Asia [Member] | Singapore [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	512	502	472
Total Income	€ 297	€ 194	€ 386
Total assets	25,803	25,780	19,111
Result before tax	133	22	230
Taxation	€ 9	€ 5	€ 30
Asia [Member] | Hong Kong [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	108	106	103
Total Income	€ 94	€ 80	€ 85
Total assets	7,850	5,964	5,052
Result before tax	55	40	49
Taxation	€ 7	€ 7	€ 1
Asia [Member] | Philippines [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	604	423	249
Total Income	€ 18	€ 17	€ 22
Total assets	322	402	436
Result before tax	6	4	5
Taxation	€ 2	€ (2)	€ 3
Asia [Member] | South Korea [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	82	87	68
Total Income	€ 55	€ 46	€ 53
Total assets	4,602	4,107	3,642
Result before tax	21	14	23
Taxation	€ 6	€ (1)	€ 6
Asia [Member] | Taiwan [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	33	32	34
Total Income	€ 23	€ 15	€ 23
Total assets	3,910	2,484	1,744
Result before tax	€ 11	3	12
Taxation		€ 1	€ 1
Asia [Member] | Indonesia [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	PT ING Securities Indonesia	PT ING Securities Indonesia	PT ING Securities Indonesia
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	5	5	5
Total Income	€ 1	€ 1	€ 1
Total assets	€ 6	€ 7	€ 7
Asia [Member] | Malaysia [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	5	5	4
Total assets	€ 29	€ 3	€ 4
Result before tax	€ (1)
Asia [Member] | India [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Total Income	€ 1
Total assets	2	€ 2	€ 2
Result before tax	€ 1
Asia [Member] | Turkey [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Bank A.S.	ING Bank A.S.	ING Bank A.S.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking	Wholesale banking/Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	5,221	5,497	6,070
Total Income	€ 741	€ 757	€ 641
Total assets	13,798	15,864	17,544
Result before tax	267	225	155
Taxation	€ 54	€ 45	€ 34
Asia [Member] | United Arab Emirates [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.	Branch of ING Bank N.V.
a Main activity	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking	Wholesale banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	10	10	7
Total assets		€ 1
Result before tax	€ (2)	€ (2)	€ (1)
Australia [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.	ING Bank (Australia) Ltd.
a Main activity	Retail banking	Retail banking	Retail banking
Average number of employees at full time equivalent basis | Employee	1,143	1,053	1,021
Total Income	€ 577	€ 505	€ 490
Total assets	37,982	36,691	33,507
Result before tax	330	309	328
Taxation	€ 235	€ 90	€ 92
Other [member] | Mauritius [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Name of principal subsidiary	ING Mauritius Ltd.	ING Mauritius Ltd.	ING Mauritius Ltd.
a Main activity	Investment management	Investment management	Investment management
Total Income	€ 1	€ 32	€ 380
Total assets	€ 939	715	1,186
Result before tax		€ 32	€ 380

XML

Information on Geographical Areas - Summary of Additional Information by Country (Parenthetical) (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
NN Group [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Total assets related to the investment in associate held for sale			€ 2,153.0
France [member]
Disclosure of geographical areas [line items]
Public subsidies amount received	€ 0.5	€ 1.0	€ 3.0

XML

Pension and other post-employment benefits - Summary of Information on Plan Assets and Defined Benefit Obligation Per Country (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Other assets	€ 542	€ 609
Other liabilities	(476)	(521)
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	66	88
Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	3,206	3,337	€ 3,141
Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	3,140	3,249	€ 2,996
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	(160)	(162)
Netherlands [member] | Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	408	414
Netherlands [member] | Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	568	576
United States [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	(57)	(61)
United States [member] | Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	176	182
United States [member] | Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	233	243
United Kingdom [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	538	606
United Kingdom [member] | Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	1,864	1,983
United Kingdom [member] | Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	1,326	1,377
Belgium [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	(75)	(135)
Belgium [member] | Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	597	641
Belgium [member] | Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	672	776
Other [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	(180)	(160)
Other [member] | Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	161	117
Other [member] | Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Funded status (Net defined benefit asset/(liability))	€ 341	€ 277

XML

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits - Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets (Detail) - Plan assets [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value of plan assets [line items]
Opening balance	€ 3,337	€ 3,141
Interest income	70	87
Remeasurements: Return on plan assets excluding amounts included in interest income	52	467
Employer's contribution	24	76
Participants contributions	2	2
Benefits paid	(186)	(137)
Exchange rate differences	(93)	(299)
Closing balance	3,206	3,337
Actual return on the plan assets	€ 122	€ 554

XML

Pension and Other Post Employment Benefits - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Description of direct investments held under defined benefit plans	As at 31 December 2017 the various defined benefit plans did not hold any direct investments in ING Groep N.V. (2016 nil).
Actuarial gains and losses	€ (71)	€ (498)
Accumulated amount of remeasurements recognized directly in Other comprehensive income (equity), before tax	(476)	(483)
Accumulated amount of remeasurements recognised directly in Other comprehensive income (equity), net of tax	€ (400)	€ (371)	€ (306)
Net defined benefit asset/liability, discount rates	2.00%	2.10%
Other post-employment benefits, discount rates	3.20%	3.50%
Net defined benefit assets liabilities [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Defined benefit plans	€ (27)	€ (24)	(11)
Actuarial assumption of discount rates [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Financial impact of increase	(480)
Actuarial assumption of mortality rates [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Financial impact of decrease	619
Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Remeasurement of plan assets	52	467
Total benefit payments	3,206	€ 3,337	€ 3,141
Return on plan assets [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected return on the plan assets	0
Contribution to pension plans [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Expected contributions to pension plans	32
2018-2022 [member] | Net defined benefit assets liabilities [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Defined benefit plans	91
2018-2022 [member] | Other post-employment benefits [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Other post-employment benefits	112
2023-2027 [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Total benefit payments	€ 423

XML

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits - Schedule of Changes in Present Value of Defined Benefit Obligation and Other Post-Employment Benefits (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions	€ 7	€ 17
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions	(71)	(498)
Defined benefit obligation [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Opening balance	3,249	2,996
Current service cost	34	32
Interest cost	66	79
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions	(7)	(17)
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions	71	498
Participants' contributions	2	1
Benefits paid	(189)	(148)
Past service cost		2
Effect of curtailment or settlement	(3)	(2)
Exchange rate differences	(83)	(192)
Closing balance	3,140	3,249
Other post-employment benefits [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Opening balance	87	98
Current service cost	(3)	(25)
Interest cost	3	3
Remeasurements: Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions	9	10
Benefits paid	(1)	(1)
Exchange rate differences	(8)	2
Closing balance	€ 87	€ 87

XML

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits - Amount Recognized Directly in Other Comprehensive Income (Equity) (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Opening balance	€ (371)	€ (306)
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions	7	17
Actuarial gains and losses	(71)	(498)
Taxation	(17)	(51)
Total Other comprehensive income movement for the year	(29)	(65)	€ 24
Closing balance	(400)	(371)	€ (306)
Plan assets [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Remeasurement of plan assets	€ 52	€ 467

XML

Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits - Summary of Pension and Other Staff-Related Benefit Costs (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Pension costs and other staff-related benefit costs	€ 381	€ 344	€ 275
Net defined benefit assets liabilities [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Current service cost	34	32	34
Past service cost		2	(11)
Net Interest cost	(4)	(8)	(9)
Effect of curtailment or settlement	(3)	(2)	(3)
Defined benefit plans	27	24	11
Other post-employment benefits [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Current service cost	(3)	(25)	(7)
Net Interest cost	3	3	1
Effect of curtailment or settlement			(9)
Defined benefit plans		(22)	(15)
Other staff related benefit costs [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Current service cost	(2)	11	(8)
Net Interest cost	1	2	2
Effect of curtailment or settlement			(52)
Other			13
Defined benefit plans	(1)	13	(45)
Net defined benefit asset/t liability, Post Retirement and Other Cost [member]
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) [line items]
Current service cost	29	18	19
Past service cost		2	(11)
Net Interest cost		(3)	(6)
Effect of curtailment or settlement	(3)	(2)	(64)
Other			13
Defined benefit plans	26	15	(49)
Defined contribution plans	355	329	324
Pension costs and other staff-related benefit costs	€ 381	€ 344	€ 275

XML

Pension and Other Post Employment Benefits - Additional Information (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Actuarial assumption of mortality rates [member]
Disclosure of defined benefit plans [line items]
Change in discount rate assumption	1.00%

XML

Taxation - Summary of Changes in Deferred Tax (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	€ 1,017	€ 1,194
Change through equity	253	2
Change through net result	(524)	(180)	€ (553)
Exchange rate differences	1	45
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(3)	(44)
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	744	1,017	1,194
Investments [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	(799)	(780)
Change through equity	123	74
Change through net result	116	(82)
Exchange rate differences	5	(10)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(1)
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(555)	(799)	(780)
Investment properties [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	(5)	(2)
Change through net result		(3)
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(5)	(5)	(2)
Depreciation [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	(33)	(46)
Change through net result	5	13
Exchange rate differences	4
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(24)	(33)	(46)
Other [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	(90)	(97)
Change through equity	(10)	(1)
Change through net result	(80)	(32)
Exchange rate differences	2	40
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(178)	(90)	(97)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	697	739
Change through net result	(290)	(58)
Exchange rate differences	12	16
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	419	697	739
Cash flow hedges [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	(238)	(192)
Change through equity	167	(51)
Exchange rate differences	(1)	4
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		1
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(72)	(238)	(192)
Other provisions [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	255	24
Change through net result	(48)	228
Exchange rate differences	(6)	2
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(3)	1
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	198	255	24
Pension and post-employment benefits [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	112	201
Change through equity	(25)	(20)
Change through net result	(6)	(84)
Exchange rate differences	(5)	15
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	76	112	201
Receivables [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	570	441
Change through net result	49	120
Exchange rate differences	(5)	9
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	614	570	441
Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	491	788
Change through equity	(2)
Change through net result	(210)	(248)
Exchange rate differences		(7)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(42)
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	279	491	788
Unused tax losses carried forward [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	57	118
Change through net result	(60)	(34)
Exchange rate differences	(5)	(24)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(3)
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(8)	57	118
Deferred tax liabilities [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	(624)	(589)
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	(362)	(624)	(589)
Deferred tax assets [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	1,641	1,783
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	1,106	1,641	1,783
Net deferred tax [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Beginning balance	1,017	1,194
Net liability (-) Net asset (+), Ending balance	€ 744	€ 1,017	€ 1,194

XML

Taxation - Summary of Deferred Tax in Connection With Unused Tax Losses Carried Forward (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Changes in deferred tax liability (asset) [abstract]
Total unused tax losses carried forward	€ 1,732	€ 1,876
Unused tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset	1,074	973
Unused tax losses carried forward recognised as a deferred tax asset	€ 658	€ 903
Average tax rate	19.50%	22.50%
Deferred tax asset	€ 128	€ 203

XML

Taxation - Summary of Total Unused Tax Losses Carried Forward Analysed by Expiry Terms (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
No deferred tax asset recognised	€ 1,074	€ 973
Deferred tax asset recognised	658	903
Within 1 year [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
No deferred tax asset recognised	2	2
Deferred tax asset recognised		2
More than 1 year but less than 5 years [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
No deferred tax asset recognised	350	383
Deferred tax asset recognised	38	56
More than 5 years but less than 10 years [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
No deferred tax asset recognised	31	30
More than 10 years but less than 20 years [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
No deferred tax asset recognised	18	18
Unlimited [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
No deferred tax asset recognised	673	540
Deferred tax asset recognised	€ 620	€ 845

XML

Taxation - Summary of Deferred Tax Assets (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Certain deferred tax assets	€ 107	€ 113
Italy [member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Certain deferred tax assets	€ 107	€ 113

XML

Taxation - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of income taxes [abstract]
Certain deferred tax assets	€ 107	€ 113
Effective tax rate	31.40%

XML

Taxation - Statement of Profit or Loss of Taxation (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of income taxes [line items]
Current taxation	€ 2,015	€ 1,525	€ 1,371
Deferred taxation	524	180	553
Effective tax amount	2,539	1,705	1,924
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of income taxes [line items]
Current taxation	488	150	(42)
Deferred taxation	324	343	694
Effective tax amount	812	493	652
International [member]
Disclosure of income taxes [line items]
Current taxation	1,527	1,375	1,413
Deferred taxation	200	(163)	(141)
Effective tax amount	€ 1,727	€ 1,212	€ 1,272

XML

Taxation - Reconciliation of Weighted Average Statutory Income Tax Rate To Effective Income Tax Rate (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of average effective tax rate and applicable tax rate [abstract]
Result before tax from continuing operations	€ 8,085	€ 6,314	€ 7,334
Weighted average statutory tax rate	27.50%	27.10%	26.90%
Weighted average statutory tax amount	€ 2,226	€ 1,708	€ 1,975
Participation exemption	(45)	(72)	(34)
Other income not subject to tax	(74)	(111)	(162)
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes	156	132	154
Impact on deferred tax from change in tax rates	55	(1)	12
Deferred tax benefit from previously unrecognised amounts	(4)	(18)	54
Current tax from previously unrecognised amounts	66	(22)	(63)
Write-off/reversal of deferred tax assets	2	33	18
State and local taxes	47	33
Adjustment to prior periods	110	23	(30)
Effective tax amount	€ 2,539	€ 1,705	€ 1,924
Effective tax rate	31.40%	27.00%	26.20%

XML

Taxation - Income Tax Related to Other Comprehensive Income (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of income taxes [abstract]
Unrealised revaluations available-for-sale investments and other revaluations	€ 103	€ 17	€ 111
Realised gains/losses transferred to the statement of profit or loss (reclassifications from equity to profit or loss)	20	57	39
Changes in cash flow hedge reserve	167	(51)	24
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit asset/liability	(25)	(20)	(13)
Exchange rate differences and other			(46)
Changes in composition of the group and other changes	(12)	(1)
Total income tax related to components of other comprehensive income	€ 253	€ 2	€ 115

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Summary of Financial Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financial Assets
Cash and balances with central banks	€ 21,989	€ 18,144	€ 21,458
Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	29,988
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets	116,748	114,504
- non-tradingderivatives	2,231	2,490
profit or loss	4,242	5,099
Investments
- available-for-sale	69,730	82,912
- held-to-maturity	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Other assets	11,744	13,258
Total	836,747	834,170
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks	36,821	31,964	33,813
Customer deposits	539,828	522,908
- trading liabilities	73,596	83,167
- non-tradingderivatives	2,331	3,541
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
profit or loss	11,215	12,266
Other liabilities	14,488	15,247
Debt securities in issue	96,086	103,234
Subordinated loans	15,968	17,223	€ 16,411
Total	790,333	789,550
Estimated fair value [member]
Financial Assets
Cash and balances with central banks	21,989	18,144
Loans and advances to banks	28,911	28,940
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets	116,748	114,504
- non-tradingderivatives	2,231	2,490
profit or loss	4,242	5,099
Investments
- available-for-sale	69,730	82,912
- held-to-maturity	9,378	8,809
Loans and advances to customers	588,998	578,596
Other assets	11,744	13,258
Total	853,971	852,752
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks	36,868	32,352
Customer deposits	540,547	523,850
- trading liabilities	73,596	83,167
- non-tradingderivatives	2,331	3,541
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
profit or loss	11,215	12,266
Other liabilities	14,488	15,247
Debt securities in issue	96,736	103,559
Subordinated loans	16,457	17,253
Total	€ 792,238	€ 791,235

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets and liabilities [Line Items]
Description of valuation methods	The estimated fair values represent the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is a market-based measurement, which is based on assumptions that market participants would use and takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that market participants would take into account when pricing the asset or liability. Fair values of financial assets and liabilities are based on quoted prices in active market where available. When such quoted prices are not available, the fair value is determined by using valuation techniques. ING uses unadjusted quotes where available. Unadjusted quoted prices are primarily obtained from exchange prices for listed financial instruments. Where an exchange price is not available, quoted market prices in active markets may be obtained from independent market vendors, brokers, or market makers. In general, positions are valued at the bid price for a long position and at the offer price for a short position or are valued at the price within the bid-offer spread that is most representative of fair value at the date of valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities quoted market prices are not available. For these financial assets and liabilities, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques range from discounting of cash flows to various valuation models, where relevant pricing factors including the market price of underlying reference instruments, market parameters (e.g. volatilities, correlations and credit ratings), and customer behaviour are taken into account. ING maximises the use of market observable inputs and minimises the use of unobservable input in determining the fair value. The fair value can be subjective dependent on the significance of the unobservable input to the overall valuation. All valuation techniques used are subject to internal review and approval. Data used in these valuation techniques are validated on a daily basis when possible.
Description of valuation adjustments techniques	Valuation adjustments are integral part of the fair value. They are included as part of the fair value to provide better estimation of market exit value on measurement date. ING applies various valuation adjustments including Bid-Offer adjustments, Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA), Debt Valuation Adjustments (DVA), Model Risk Valuation Adjustments, Collateral Valuation Adjustment (CollVA) and Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA). The combination of Credit Valuation adjustments is called Bilateral Valuation Adjustment (BVA).
Confidence range	If certain inputs in the model are unobservable, the instrument is still classified in this category, provided that the impact of those unobservable inputs on the overall valuation is insignificant. The notion of significant is particularly relevant for the distinction between Level 2 and Level 3 assets and liabilities. ING Group has chosen to align the definition of significant with the 90% confidence range as captured in the prudent value definition by EBA. Unobservable parameters are shifted down and upwards to reach this 90% confidence range. The same 90% confidence range is applied to model uncertainty. If the combined change in asset value resulting from the shift of the unobservable parameters and the model uncertainty exceeds the threshold, the asset is classified as Level 3. A value change below the threshold results in a Level 2 classification.
Financial liabilities measured at fair value	€ 87,142,000,000	€ 98,974,000,000
Financial liabilities classified as Level 3	€ 1,200,000,000	€ 1,500,000,000
Percentage of financial liabilities classified as level 3	1.40%	1.50%
Financial assets classified as Level 3 based on quoted price	€ 1,000,000,000	€ 1,000,000,000
Percentage on financial asset based on unadjusted quoted price	49.00%	42.00%
Amount of risk neutral designed financial assets	€ 400,000,000	€ 500,000,000
Remaining financial assets classified as level 3 using valuation techniques	600,000,000	1,000,000,000
Financial Liabilities classified as Level 3 based on unadjusted quoted price	€ 800,000,000	€ 900,000,000
Percentage on financial liabilities based on unadjusted quoted price	66.00%	59.00%
Financial Liabilities designed to be fully neutral in terms of market risk	€ 100,000,000	€ 100,000,000
Remaining financial liabilities classified as level 3 using valuation techniques	€ 300,000,000	500,000,000
Comparative price percentage for securities without quoted prices and without expected price recovery	0.00%
Comparative price percentage for securities without quoted prices and with expected price recovery	100.00%
Minimum level of volatility	0.00%
Description of interest rate	Examples of interest rate related unobservable inputs are prepayment rates, reset rates and inflation rates. Prepayment rate and reset spread are key inputs to mortgage linked prepayment swaps valuation. Prepayment rate is the estimated rate at which mortgage borrowers will repay their mortgages early, e.g. 5% per year. Reset spread is the future spread at which mortgages will re-price at interest rate reset dates.
Property and equipment	€ 1,801,000,000	2,002,000,000
Non-financial liabilities	0	0
Visa europe limited [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets and liabilities [Line Items]
Revaluation reserves on shares	163,000,000
Property in own use [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets and liabilities [Line Items]
Property and equipment	774,000,000	881,000,000	€ 982,000,000
Level 3 [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets and liabilities [Line Items]
Financial assets measured at fair value	193,000,000,000
Financial assets classified as Level 3	€ 2,000,000,000	€ 2,500,000,000
Percentage of financial assets classified as level 3	1.10%	1.20%
Financial liabilities measured at fair value	€ 1,242,000,000	€ 1,525,000,000
Property and equipment	€ 0.65	€ 0.65

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Changes in Fair Value Hierarchy (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financial Assets
Trading assets	€ 116,748	€ 114,504
Non-trading derivatives	2,231	2,490
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss	4,242	5,099
Available-for-sale investments	69,730	82,912
Fair value	192,951	205,005
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities	73,596	83,167
Non-trading derivatives	2,331	3,541
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss	11,215	12,266
Fair value	87,142	98,974
Level 1 [member]
Financial Assets
Trading assets	20,114	17,652
Non-trading derivatives		3
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss	319	502
Available-for-sale investments	65,310	76,238
Fair value	85,743	94,395
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities	5,770	6,139
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss	1,285	1,348
Fair value	7,055	7,487
Level 2 [member]
Financial Assets
Trading assets	95,530	95,629
Non-trading derivatives	2,146	2,231
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss	3,558	4,141
Available-for-sale investments	3,940	6,153
Fair value	105,174	108,154
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities	66,753	75,650
Non-trading derivatives	2,263	3,517
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss	9,829	10,795
Fair value	78,845	89,962
Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Trading assets	1,104	1,223
Non-trading derivatives	85	256
Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss	365	456
Available-for-sale investments	480	521
Fair value	2,034	2,456	€ 2,345
Financial liabilities
Trading liabilities	1,073	1,378
Non-trading derivatives	68	24
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss	101	123
Fair value	€ 1,242	€ 1,525	€ 1,438

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Changes in Level 3 Financial Assets (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Opening balance	€ 205,005
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3	(273)	€ 468
Closing balance	192,951	205,005
Level 3 [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Opening balance	2,456	2,345
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3	(273)	468
Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income during the period2,4	(5)	(144)
Purchase of assets	889	343
Sale of assets	(462)	(334)
Maturity/settlement	(168)	(144)
Reclassifications	7	(92)
Transfers into Level 3	9	88
Transfers out of Level 3	(392)	(118)
Exchange rate differences	(26)	11
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(1)	33
Closing balance	2,034	2,456
Level 3 [member] | Trading assets [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Opening balance	1,223	1,146
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3	(232)	226
Purchase of assets	610	77
Sale of assets	(326)	(71)
Maturity/settlement	(141)	(135)
Transfers into Level 3	9	21
Transfers out of Level 3	(37)	(43)
Exchange rate differences	(2)	3
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(1)
Closing balance	1,104	1,223
Level 3 [member] | Non-trading derivatives [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Opening balance	256	168
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3	(45)	(34)
Purchase of assets	(9)	5
Sale of assets	(92)	(4)
Maturity/settlement	(2)
Transfers into Level 3		62
Transfers out of Level 3	(23)
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		59
Closing balance	85	256
Level 3 [member] | Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit and loss [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Opening balance	456	338
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3	4	76
Purchase of assets	226	193
Sale of assets	(1)	(76)
Maturity/settlement	(1)
Transfers out of Level 3	(319)	(75)
Closing balance	365	456
Level 3 [member] | Available-for-sale of investments [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Opening balance	521	693
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,3		200
Revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income during the period2,4	(5)	(144)
Purchase of assets	62	68
Sale of assets	(43)	(183)
Maturity/settlement	(24)	(9)
Reclassifications	7	(92)
Transfers into Level 3		5
Transfers out of Level 3	(13)
Exchange rate differences	(24)	8
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes	(1)	(25)
Closing balance	€ 480	€ 521

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Opening balance	€ 98,974
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2	(67)	€ 286
Closing balance	87,142	98,974
Level 3 [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Opening balance	1,525	1,438
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2	(67)	286
Issue of liabilities	500	68
Early repayment of liabilities	(421)	(86)
Maturity/settlement	(187)	(62)
Transfers into Level 3	16	27
Transfers out of Level 3	(120)	(149)
Exchange rate differences	(4)	6
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(3)
Closing balance	1,242	1,525
Level 3 [member] | Trading liabilities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Opening balance	1,378	1,239
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2	(105)	277
Issue of liabilities	485	53
Early repayment of liabilities	(399)	(62)
Maturity/settlement	(187)	(62)
Transfers into Level 3	16	16
Transfers out of Level 3	(111)	(86)
Exchange rate differences	(4)	6
Changes in the composition of the group and other changes		(3)
Closing balance	1,073	1,378
Level 3 [member] | Non-trading derivatives liabilities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Opening balance	24	1
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2	44	12
Issue of liabilities	1	11
Early repayment of liabilities	(1)	(11)
Transfers into Level 3		11
Closing balance	68	24
Level 3 [member] | Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities [line items]
Opening balance	123	198
Realised gain/loss recognised in the statement of profit or loss during the period1,2	(6)	(3)
Issue of liabilities	14	4
Early repayment of liabilities	(21)	(13)
Transfers out of Level 3	(9)	(63)
Closing balance	€ 101	€ 123

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Amounts Recognised in the Statement of Profit or Loss (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	€ (273)	€ 468
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(67)	286
Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(273)	468
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(67)	286
Trading assets [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(232)	226
Non-trading derivatives liabilities [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(45)	(34)
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	44	12
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	4	76
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(6)	(3)
Available-for-sale [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement		200
Trading liabilities [member]
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(105)	277
Held at balance sheet date [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(275)	265
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(67)	286
Held at balance sheet date [member] | Trading assets [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(232)	226
Held at balance sheet date [member] | Non-trading derivatives liabilities [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(45)	(34)
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	44	12
Held at balance sheet date [member] | Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit and loss [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	4	76
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(6)	(3)
Held at balance sheet date [member] | Available-for-sale [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	(2)	(3)
Held at balance sheet date [member] | Trading liabilities [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities, amounts recognized in income statement	(105)	277
Derecognised during the year [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	2	203
Derecognised during the year [member] | Available-for-sale [member] | Level 3 [member]
Financial Assets
Financial assets, amounts recognized in income statement	€ 2	€ 203

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Valuation Techniques and Range of Unobservable Inputs (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	€ 123,221	€ 122,093
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	87,142	98,974
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	9,216	11,532
Level 3 [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	2,034	2,456
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	1,242	1,525
Level 3 [member] | Available for sale at equity [member] | Discounted cash flow [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	467	466
Level 3 [member] | Price [member] | Loans and advances [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	20	326
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss		3
Level 3 [member] | Price [member] | Structured notes [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	490	486
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	485	457
Level 3 [member] | Price [member] | Available for sale at debt [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	14	55
Level 3 [member] | Credit spread [member] | Derivative at credit [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	10	33
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	48	43
Level 3 [member] | Equity volatility [member] | Derivatives at equity [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	161	258
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	128	208
Level 3 [member] | Inflation rate [member] | Derivatives at foreign exchange [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	477	642
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	479	688
Level 3 [member] | Commodity volatility [member] | Other derivatives [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	5
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss		1
Level 3 [member] | Debt securities [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	386	180
Level 3 [member] | Equity securities [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Assets, at fair value through profit or loss	4	€ 4
Liabilities, at fair value through profit or loss	€ 1
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage		99.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Price [member] | Loans and advances [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	0.00%	60.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Price [member] | Structured notes [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	52.00%	52.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Price [member] | Structured notes [member] | Net asset value [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage		19.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Credit spread [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, credit spread		339.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Credit spread [member] | Loans and advances [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, credit spread		130.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Credit spread [member] | Derivative at credit [member] | Comparable transactions [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, credit spread	0.02%	0.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity volatility [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	5.00%	0.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity volatility [member] | Structured notes [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	14.00%	16.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity and equity correlation [member] | Structured notes [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.5	0.0
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity/FX correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	(0.9)	(0.9)
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity/FX correlation [member] | Derivatives at rates [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.2	(0.4)
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Dividend yield [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	0.00%	0.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Dividend yield [member] | Derivatives at rates [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	2.00%	1.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Implied correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.7	0.7
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Implied correlation [member] | Derivatives at foreign exchange [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.7	0.7
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Interest rate correlation [member] | Derivatives at equity [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	23	22
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | IR/INF correlation [member] | Other derivatives [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation		0.5
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Reset spread [member] | Available for sale at debt [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	2.00%	2.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Prepayment rate [member] | Available for sale at debt [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	5.00%	5.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Inflation rate [member] | Available for sale at equity [member] | Discounted cash flow [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	4.00%	2.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Inflation rate [member] | Available for sale at equity [member] | Multiplier method [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	4.00%	2.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Jump rate [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	12.00%	12.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity/equity correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.1	(0.1)
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Commodity volatility [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	9.00%	13.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Com/com correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.3	0.0
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Com/correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	(0.6)	(0.5)
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Price based [member] | Price [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	69.00%	0.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Debt securities [member] | Available for sale [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, weighted average life		1 year 7 months 6 days
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Debt securities [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	0.00%	0.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Debt securities [member] | Price [member] | Net asset value [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	0.00%	10.00%
Level 3 [member] | Minimum [member] | Equity securities [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	1.00%	0.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage		99.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Price [member] | Loans and advances [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	101.00%	101.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Price [member] | Structured notes [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	116.00%	111.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Price [member] | Structured notes [member] | Net asset value [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage		19.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Credit spread [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, credit spread		400.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Credit spread [member] | Loans and advances [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, credit spread		150.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Credit spread [member] | Derivative at credit [member] | Comparable transactions [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, credit spread	4.24%	15.96%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity volatility [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	129.00%	140.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity volatility [member] | Structured notes [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	23.00%	34.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity and equity correlation [member] | Structured notes [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.7	0.8
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity/FX correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.8	0.6
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity/FX correlation [member] | Derivatives at rates [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.4	0.1
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Dividend yield [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	21.00%	13.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Dividend yield [member] | Derivatives at rates [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	6.00%	5.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Implied correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	1.0	1.0
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Implied correlation [member] | Derivatives at foreign exchange [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.7	0.7
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Interest rate correlation [member] | Derivatives at equity [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	300	300
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | IR/INF correlation [member] | Other derivatives [member] | Option pricing model [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation		0.5
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Reset spread [member] | Available for sale at debt [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	2.00%	2.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Prepayment rate [member] | Available for sale at debt [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	10.00%	10.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Inflation rate [member] | Available for sale at equity [member] | Discounted cash flow [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	4.00%	4.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Inflation rate [member] | Available for sale at equity [member] | Multiplier method [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	4.00%	3.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Jump rate [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	12.00%	12.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity/equity correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	1.0	1.0
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Commodity volatility [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	42.00%	55.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Com/com correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	0.9	0.9
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Com/correlation [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs,correlation	(0.3)	0.0
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Price based [member] | Price [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	90.00%	99.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Debt securities [member] | Available for sale [member] | Present value techniques [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, weighted average life		3 years 2 months 12 days
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Debt securities [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	161.00%	122.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Debt securities [member] | Price [member] | Net asset value [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	0.00%	19.00%
Level 3 [member] | Maximum [member] | Equity securities [member] | Price [member] | Price based [member]
Disclosure of significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Significant unobservable inputs, percentage	54.00%	0.00%

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value of Sensitivity Analysis Instruments (Detail) - Level 3 [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	€ 315	€ 385
Negative fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	14	14
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [member] | Equity (equity derivatives, structured notes) [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	222	262
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [member] | Interest rates (Rates derivatives, FX derivatives) [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	56	80
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [member] | Credit (Debt securities, Loans, structured notes, credit derivatives) [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	27	33
Available-for-sale [member] | Debt securities [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	1	2
Equity securities [member] | Available-for-sale [member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Positive fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	9	8
Negative fair value movements from using reasonable possible alternatives	€ 14	€ 14

XML

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities at Amortised cost (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks	€ 28,811	€ 28,858	€ 29,988
Held-to-maturity investments	9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers1	571,909	560,154
Total	836,747	834,170
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1	36,821	31,964	33,813
Customer deposits1	539,828	522,908
Debt securities in issue	96,086	103,234
Subordinated loans	15,968	17,223	€ 16,411
Total	790,333	789,550
Financial assets [member]
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks	27,065	28,940
Held-to-maturity investments	9,378	8,809
Loans and advances to customers1	565,011	578,596
Total	601,454	616,345
Financial liabilities [member]
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1	32,947	22,543
Customer deposits1	64,474	64,748
Debt securities in issue	96,736	103,559
Subordinated loans	16,457	17,253
Total	210,614	208,103
Level 1 [member] | Financial assets [member]
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks	633	3,534
Held-to-maturity investments	7,884	6,983
Loans and advances to customers1		5,121
Total	8,517	15,638
Level 1 [member] | Financial liabilities [member]
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1	29
Customer deposits1	8,875	12,248
Debt securities in issue	39,303	41,145
Subordinated loans	16,082	14,967
Total	64,289	68,360
Level 2 [member] | Financial assets [member]
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks	9,855	11,135
Held-to-maturity investments	1,409	1,749
Loans and advances to customers1	19,870	21,611
Total	31,134	34,495
Level 2 [member] | Financial liabilities [member]
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1	25,276	14,447
Customer deposits1	28,303	25,118
Debt securities in issue	39,757	48,097
Subordinated loans	357	2,188
Total	93,693	89,850
Level 3 [member] | Financial assets [member]
Financial Assets
Loans and advances to banks	16,577	14,271
Held-to-maturity investments	85	77
Loans and advances to customers1	545,141	551,864
Total	561,803	566,212
Level 3 [member] | Financial liabilities [member]
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks1	7,642	8,096
Customer deposits1	27,296	27,382
Debt securities in issue	17,676	14,317
Subordinated loans	18	98
Total	€ 52,632	€ 49,893

XML

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting - Fair Value Changes on Derivatives Designated under Fair Value Hedge Accounting (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivatives And Hedge Accounting [Abstract]
Change in fair value of derivatives	€ (184)	€ (170)	€ 81
Change in fair value of assets and liabilities (hedged items)	91	244
Net accounting ineffectiveness recognised in the Statement of profit or loss	€ (93)	€ 74

XML

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting - Fair Values of Outstanding Derivatives Designated under Fair Value Hedge Accounting (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair value hedges [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about hedges [line items]
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)	€ 542	€ 787
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)	(317)	(672)
Non trading derivative assets liabilities net	225	115
Hedges of net investments in foreign operations [member]
Disclosure of detailed information about hedges [line items]
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)	29	73
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)	(71)	(33)
Non trading derivative assets liabilities net	€ (42)	€ 40

XML

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting - Cash Flow Hedge Reserve (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of changes in equity [abstract]
Effective portion of fair value changes on derivatives under cash flow hedges, after tax	€ (514)	€ 111
Cash flow hedge reserve as at 31 December, gross	335	1,015
Cash flow hedge reserve as at 31 December, after deferred tax	€ 263	€ 777	€ 666

XML

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flow hedges [member]
Disclosure Of Derivatives And Hedge Accounting [Line Items]
Description of cash flow hedge reserve	The cash flow hedge reserve relates to a large number of derivatives and hedged items with varying maturities, up to 26 years, with the largest concentrations in the range of 1 to 3 years.
Gain (loss) on accounting ineffectiveness on derivatives	€ 44,000,000	€ (16,000,000)
Hedges of net investments in foreign operations [member]
Disclosure Of Derivatives And Hedge Accounting [Line Items]
Accounting ineffectiveness recognised in statement of profit or loss on derivatives and non derivatives	€ 3,000,000	€ 0

XML

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting - Fair Values Of Outstanding Derivatives Designated Under Net Investment Hedge Accounting (Detail) - Cash flow hedges [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of detailed information about hedges [line items]
Positive fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative assets)	€ 617	€ 438
Negative fair values outstanding (Non-trading derivative liabilities)	(339)	(671)
Non trading derivative assets liabilities net	€ 278	€ (233)

XML

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting - Net Interest Income on Cash Flow Hedge Derivatives (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Derivatives And Hedge Accounting [Abstract]
Interest income on cash flow hedge derivatives	€ 2,454	€ 2,654
Interest expense on cash flow hedge derivatives	(1,968)	(2,181)
Interest income expense on cash flow	€ 486	€ 473

XML

Assets by Contractual Maturity - Summary of Assets By Contractual Maturity (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Assets By Contractual Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Cash and balances with central banks		€ 21,989	€ 18,144	€ 21,458
Loans and advances to banks		28,811	28,858	29,988
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets		116,748	114,504
- non-tradingderivatives		2,231	2,490
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss		4,242	5,099
Investments
- available-for-sale		69,730	82,912
- held-to-maturity		9,343	8,751
Loans and advances to customers		571,909	560,154
Intangible assets		1,469	1,484
Other assets	[1]	14,517	16,677
Remaining assets (for which maturities are not applicable)	[2]	2,889	3,143
Total assets		843,878	842,216	€ 1,002,228
Less than 1 month [member]
Disclosure Of Assets By Contractual Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Cash and balances with central banks	[3]	21,989	18,144
Loans and advances to banks	[3]	13,929	14,638
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets	[3]	63,857	47,218
- non-tradingderivatives	[3]	124	28
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss	[3]	488	326
Investments
- available-for-sale	[3]	1,319	2,713
- held-to-maturity	[3]	1,020
Loans and advances to customers	[3]	62,842	56,151
Other assets	[1],[3]	8,520	10,179
Total assets	[3]	174,088	149,397
1-3 months [member]
Disclosure Of Assets By Contractual Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Loans and advances to banks		5,137	4,373
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets		14,016	19,236
- non-tradingderivatives		147	29
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss		967	1,440
Investments
- available-for-sale		2,313	3,543
- held-to-maturity		127	166
Loans and advances to customers		18,414	17,187
Other assets	[1]	1,517	1,776
Total assets		42,638	47,750
3-12 months [member]
Disclosure Of Assets By Contractual Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Loans and advances to banks		5,224	5,414
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets		12,667	13,722
- non-tradingderivatives		213	85
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss		1,839	1,996
Investments
- available-for-sale		4,301	6,020
- held-to-maturity		657	2,374
Loans and advances to customers		40,350	42,515
Intangible assets		92	145
Other assets	[1]	2,479	2,721
Total assets		67,822	74,992
3-12 months [member]
Disclosure Of Assets By Contractual Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Loans and advances to banks		3,931	3,779
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets		12,619	16,967
- non-tradingderivatives		789	793
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss		351	769
Investments
- available-for-sale		31,852	36,838
- held-to-maturity		2,975	3,360
Loans and advances to customers		163,360	162,805
Intangible assets		367	290
Other assets	[1]	1,157	855
Total assets		217,401	226,456
1-5 years [member]
Disclosure Of Assets By Contractual Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Loans and advances to banks		590	654
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
- trading assets		13,589	17,361
- non-tradingderivatives		958	1,555
- designated as at fair value through profit or loss		597	568
Investments
- available-for-sale		25,962	29,775
- held-to-maturity		4,564	2,851
Loans and advances to customers		286,943	281,496
Other assets	[1]	535	850
Total assets		333,738	335,110
Maturity not applicable [member]
Investments
- available-for-sale		3,983	4,023
Intangible assets		1,010	1,049
Other assets	[1]	309	296
Remaining assets (for which maturities are not applicable)	[2]	2,889	3,143
Total assets		€ 8,191	€ 8,511

[1] Includes Other assets and Current and Deferred tax assets as presented in the Consolidated statement of financial position.

[2] Included in remaining assets for which maturities are not applicable are property and equipment, and investments in associates and joint ventures. Due to their nature remaining assets consist mainly of assets expected to be recovered after more than 12 months.

[3] Includes assets on demand.

XML

Liabilities by Maturity - Schedule of Maturity of Non-Financial Liabilities (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Deposits from banks	€ 36,821	€ 31,964	€ 33,813
Customer deposits	539,828	522,908
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	47,683	43,874
- trading derivatives	25,913	39,293
- non-trading derivatives	2,331	3,541
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	11,215	12,266
Debt securities in issue	96,086	103,234
Subordinated loans	15,968	17,223	€ 16,411
Financial liabilities	775,845	774,303
Other liabilities	18,889	20,050
Non-financial liabilities	18,889	20,050
Total liabilities	794,734	794,353
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities	23,273	22,362
Less than 1 month [member]
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Deposits from banks	10,002	11,874
Customer deposits	494,701	476,373
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	29,755	26,101
- trading derivatives	2,476	3,172
- non-trading derivatives	339	378
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	413	381
Debt securities in issue	3,296	3,171
Financial liabilities	540,982	521,450
Other liabilities	9,773	10,403
Non-financial liabilities	9,773	10,403
Total liabilities	550,755	531,853
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities	1,109	1,081
1-3 months [member]
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Deposits from banks	648	506
Customer deposits	17,190	16,521
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	11,530	12,334
- trading derivatives	2,420	3,153
- non-trading derivatives	121	192
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	838	505
Debt securities in issue	14,657	14,965
Subordinated loans		1,043
Financial liabilities	47,404	49,219
Other liabilities	1,915	1,943
Non-financial liabilities	1,915	1,943
Total liabilities	49,319	51,162
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities	1,035	1,160
3-12 months [member]
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Deposits from banks	1,687	2,060
Customer deposits	19,647	20,698
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	1,866	1,096
- trading derivatives	4,520	7,495
- non-trading derivatives	226	700
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	1,353	1,627
Debt securities in issue	26,434	22,350
Subordinated loans		749
Financial liabilities	55,733	56,775
Other liabilities	4,240	4,428
Non-financial liabilities	4,240	4,428
Total liabilities	59,973	61,203
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities	2,852	3,355
1-5 years [member]
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Deposits from banks	21,893	14,324
Customer deposits	5,761	6,720
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	1,506	1,910
- trading derivatives	8,224	13,785
- non-trading derivatives	715	1,844
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	3,700	4,485
Debt securities in issue	37,717	44,089
Subordinated loans		2,010
Financial liabilities	79,516	89,167
Other liabilities	1,757	2,201
Non-financial liabilities	1,757	2,201
Total liabilities	81,273	91,368
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities	9,591	10,948
Over 5 Years [member]
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Deposits from banks	2,591	3,200
Customer deposits	2,529	2,583
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	2,390	1,908
- trading derivatives	5,947	11,602
- non-trading derivatives	886	1,478
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	5,058	5,170
Debt securities in issue	12,249	20,522
Subordinated loans	10,601	5,985
Financial liabilities	42,251	52,448
Other liabilities	1,204	1,075
Non-financial liabilities	1,204	1,075
Total liabilities	43,455	53,523
Coupon interest due on financial liabilities	8,686	5,818
Maturity not applicable [member]
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Subordinated loans	5,176	7,204
Financial liabilities	5,176	7,204
Total liabilities	5,176	7,204
Adjustment [member]
Disclosure Of Non Financial Liabilities By Maturity Schedule [Line Items]
Customer deposits		13
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
- other trading liabilities	636	525
- trading derivatives	2,326	86
- non-trading derivatives	44	(1,051)
- designated at fair value through profit or loss	(147)	98
Debt securities in issue	1,733	(1,863)
Subordinated loans	191	232
Financial liabilities	4,783	(1,960)
Total liabilities	€ 4,783	€ (1,960)

XML

Assets Not Freely Disposable - Summary of Assets Not Free Disposable (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Banks - Cash and balances with central banks	€ 21,989	€ 18,144	€ 21,458
- Loans and advances to banks	28,811	28,858	29,988
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	123,221	122,093
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Other assets	13,087	14,722
Total assets	843,878	842,216	€ 1,002,228
Continuing operations [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Banks - Cash and balances with central banks	1,569	1,353
- Loans and advances to banks	3,730	6,054
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	1,072	447
Investments	885	825
Loans and advances to customers	76,083	70,457
Other assets	813	935
Total assets	€ 84,152	€ 80,071

XML

Assets Not Freely Disposable - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Mandatory reserve deposits	€ 8,503	€ 9,055
Loans and advances to customers	571,909	560,154
Debt securities [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Loans and advances to customers	5,099	7,471
Netherlands [member] | Debt securities [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Loans and advances to customers	50,000	49,000
Germany [member] | Debt securities [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Loans and advances to customers	12,000	12,000
Belgium [member] | Debt securities [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Loans and advances to customers	10,000	5,000
Australia [member] | Debt securities [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Loans and advances to customers	2,000	2,000
United States [member] | Debt securities [member]
Disclosure Of Assets Not Freely Disposable [Line items]
Loans and advances to customers	€ 1,000	€ 1,000

XML

Transfer of Financial Assets - Schedule of Transfer of Financial Assets Not Qualifying for Derecognition (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Securities lending, equity [member] | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Customer deposits	€ 3,985	€ 1,443
Securities lending, equity [member] | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	3,995	1,428
Securities lending, equity [member] | Investments [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	2	2
Sale and repurchase, equity [member] | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Customer deposits	2,148	4,635
Sale and repurchase, equity [member] | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	2,120	4,106
Sale and repurchase, debt [member] | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Customer deposits	2,599	4,280
Sale and repurchase, debt [member] | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	6,864	8,965
Sale and repurchase, debt [member] | Investments [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	€ 621	1,427
Sale and repurchase, debt [member] | Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of transferred financial assets that are not derecognised in their entirety [line items]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		€ 25

XML

Offsetting Financial Assets and Liabilities - Summary of Financial Assets Subject to Offsetting, Enforceable Master Netting Arrangements and Similar Agreements (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		€ 301,110	€ 345,095
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(221,651)	(268,920)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		79,459	76,175
Financial instruments		15,822	19,782
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		59,330	46,905
Net amount		4,307	9,488
Loans and advances to banks [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		1,845	176
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(7)	(98)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		1,838	78
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		1,728	78
Net amount		110
Loans and advances to banks [member] | Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		1,838	173
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position			(95)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		1,838	78
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		1,728	78
Net amount		110
Loans and advances to banks [member] | Other [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		7	3
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(7)	(3)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, trading assets [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		88,928	89,756
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(15,235)	(20,326)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		73,693	69,430
Financial instruments		19,495	25,568
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		52,675	41,702
Net amount		1,523	2,160
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, trading assets [member] | Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		68,050	61,245
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(14,475)	(19,413)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		53,575	41,832
Financial instruments		1,068	36
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		52,456	41,555
Net amount		51	241
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, trading assets [member] | Trading assets [member] | Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		20,878	28,511
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(760)	(913)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		20,118	27,598
Financial instruments		18,427	25,532
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		219	147
Net amount		1,472	1,919
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, non-trading derivatives [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		45,176	57,384
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(43,819)	(55,687)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		1,357	1,697
Financial instruments		1,238	1,499
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		217	(5)
Net amount		(98)	203
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, non-trading derivatives [member] | Non-trading derivatives [member] | Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		45,176	57,384
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(43,819)	(55,687)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		1,357	1,697
Financial instruments		1,238	1,499
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		217	(5)
Net amount		(98)	203
Loans and advances to customers [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		158,301	191,453
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(156,224)	(186,963)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		2,077	4,490
Financial instruments		1,018
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		502	387
Net amount		557	4,103
Loans and advances to customers [member] | Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		409
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(209)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		200
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		200
Loans and advances to customers [member] | Other [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		157,892	191,453
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(156,015)	(186,963)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		1,877	4,490
Financial instruments		1,018
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral		302	387
Net amount		557	4,103
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets		6,860	6,326
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities offset in the statement of financial position		(6,366)	(5,846)
Net amounts of financial assets presented in the statement of financial position		494	480
Financial instruments			15
Net amount		494	465
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Financial instruments	[1]	(5,929)	(7,300)
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral	[1]	4,208	4,743
Net amount	[1]	1,721	2,557
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements [member] | Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Financial instruments	[1]	(5,929)	(7,300)
Cash and financial instruments received as collateral	[1]	4,208	4,743
Net amount	[1]	€ 1,721	€ 2,557

[1] The line 'Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements' contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

XML

Offsetting Financial Assets and Liabilities - Summary of Financial Liabilities Subject to Offsetting, Enforceable Master Netting Arrangements and Similar Agreements (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		€ 293,213	€ 342,778
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(221,651)	(268,920)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		71,562	73,858
Financial instruments		15,822	19,782
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		42,451	35,142
Net amount		13,289	18,934
Deposits from banks [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		72	125
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(8)	(98)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		64	27
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		4
Net amount		60	27
Deposits from banks [member] | Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		4	102
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position			(95)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		4	7
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		4
Net amount			7
Deposits from banks [member] | Other [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		68	23
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(8)	(3)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		60	20
Net amount		60	20
Customer deposits [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		168,182	201,305
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(156,222)	(186,963)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		11,960	14,342
Financial instruments		1,021	36
Net amount		10,939	14,306
Customer deposits [member] | Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		209	36
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(209)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position			36
Financial instruments			36
Customer deposits [member] | Corporate deposits [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		11,508	11,773
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(11,022)	(8,595)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		486	3,178
Net amount		486	3,178
Customer deposits [member] | Other [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		156,465	189,496
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(144,991)	(178,368)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		11,474	11,128
Financial instruments		1,021
Net amount		10,453	11,128
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		72,801	76,797
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(15,450)	(20,412)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		57,351	56,385
Financial instruments		20,360	27,888
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		36,094	27,248
Net amount		897	1,249
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member] | Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		51,445	46,695
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(14,475)	(19,415)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		36,970	27,280
Financial instruments		1,068	36
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		35,792	27,102
Net amount		110	142
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member] | Trading liabilities [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		21,356	30,102
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(975)	(997)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		20,381	29,105
Financial instruments		19,292	27,852
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		302	146
Net amount		787	1,107
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [member] | Non-trading derivatives liabilities [member] | Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		46,765	59,510
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(45,251)	(56,975)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		1,514	2,535
Financial instruments		1,261	2,343
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral		125	(153)
Net amount		128	345
Other items where offsetting is applied in the statement of financial position [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross amounts of recognised financial liabilities		5,393	5,041
Gross amounts of recognised financial assets offset in the statement of financial position		(4,720)	(4,472)
Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the statement of financial position		673	569
Financial instruments			28
Net amount		673	541
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial instruments	[1]	(6,820)	(10,513)
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral	[1]	6,228	8,047
Net amount	[1]	592	2,466
Impact of enforceable master netting arrangements or similar arrangements [member] | Derivatives [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial instruments	[1]	(6,820)	(10,513)
Cash and financial instruments pledged as collateral	[1]	6,228	8,047
Net amount	[1]	€ 592	€ 2,466

[1] The line 'Impact of enforceable master netting agreements or similar arrangements' contains derivative positions under the same master netting arrangements being presented in different statement of financial position line items.

XML

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments - Summary of Contingent Liabilities and Commitments (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	€ 39,726	€ 38,766
Guarantees issued by ING Groep N.V.	356	404
Irrevocable facilities	104,269	98,554
Contingent liabilities and commitments	144,351	137,724
Contingent liabilities in respect of discounted bills [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	1	1
Contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	23,911	24,871
Contingent liabilities in respect of irrevocable letters of credit [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	15,533	13,546
Contingent liabilities in respect of other [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	281	348
Less than 1 month [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	25,159	25,158
Irrevocable facilities	56,459	59,214
Contingent liabilities and commitments	81,618	84,372
Less than 1 month [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of discounted bills [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	1
Less than 1 month [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	15,647	18,536
Less than 1 month [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of irrevocable letters of credit [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	9,453	6,583
Less than 1 month [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of other [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	58	39
1-3 months [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	5,317	6,650
Irrevocable facilities	2,150	2,587
Contingent liabilities and commitments	7,467	9,237
1-3 months [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	571	677
1-3 months [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of irrevocable letters of credit [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	4,746	5,973
3-12 months [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	2,090	1,790
Irrevocable facilities	7,504	4,832
Contingent liabilities and commitments	9,594	6,622
3-12 months [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of discounted bills [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities		1
3-12 months [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	944	965
3-12 months [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of irrevocable letters of credit [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	1,146	824
1-5 years [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	2,959	1,321
Irrevocable facilities	30,331	22,606
Contingent liabilities and commitments	33,290	23,927
1-5 years [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	2,560	1,167
1-5 years [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of irrevocable letters of credit [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	176	154
1-5 years [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of other [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	223
Over 5 Years [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	4,201	3,847
Guarantees issued by ING Groep N.V.	356	404
Irrevocable facilities	7,825	9,315
Contingent liabilities and commitments	12,382	13,566
Over 5 Years [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of guarantees [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	4,189	3,526
Over 5 Years [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of irrevocable letters of credit [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	12	12
Over 5 Years [member] | Contingent liabilities in respect of other [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities		309
Maturity not applicable [member]
Disclosure of contingent liabilities [line items]
Contingent liabilities	0	0
Contingent liabilities and commitments	€ 0	€ 0

XML

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments - Summary of Future Rental Commitments to be Paid Under Non-cancellable Operating Leases (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
2017 [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts		€ 307
2018 [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts	€ 268	179
2019 [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts	195	151
2020 [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts	165	129
2021 [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts	152	132
Years after 2021 [member]
Disclosure of finance lease and operating lease by lessee [line items]
Future rental commitments for operating lease contracts	€ 472	€ 344

XML

Legal Proceedings - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€)	1 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Legal Proceedings [line items]
Income tax penalty	€ 120,000
Settlement amount	€ 31,480,000
Ageas [member]
Disclosure of Legal Proceedings [line items]
Payment of compensation to investors		€ 1,200,000,000

XML

Consolidated Companies and Business Acquired and Divested - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
NN Group [member]
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale [Line Items]
Percentage of voting equity interests acquired	25.75%	68.14%

XML

Consolidated Companies and Business Acquired and Divested - Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale [Line Items]
Investment retained in NN Group2	€ (22,231)	€ (27,022)	€ (24,371)
Cash and cash equivalents	20,379	18,977	16,164	€ 17,113
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		123,221	122,093
Available-for-sale investments		69,730	82,912
Loans and advances to customers		571,909	560,154
Intangible assets		1,469	1,484
Miscellaneous other assets		2,965	2,577
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		87,142	98,974
Miscellaneous other liabilities		€ 16,064	€ 16,852
NN Group [member]
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale [Line Items]
Cash proceeds	1,148
Investment retained in NN Group2	3,612
Sales proceeds	4,760
Cash and cash equivalents	9,238
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	46,425
Available-for-sale investments	76,529
Loans and advances to customers	28,617
Reinsurance contracts	266
Intangible assets	177
Deferred acquisition costs	1,509
Miscellaneous other assets	6,204
Insurance and investment contracts	121,721
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	2,105
Miscellaneous other liabilities	24,135
Net assets	€ 21,004
% disposed	54.80%
Net assets disposed	€ 11,510
Loss on disposal	€ (1,185)

XML

Consolidated Companies and Business Acquired and Divested - Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale (Parenthetical) (Detail) - NN Group [member] € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 EUR (€)
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale [Line Items]
Percentage of disposal of the fair value	42.43%
Changes in fair value of financial assets attributable to changes	€ (5,412)

XML

Principal Subsidiaries, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Name of subsidiary	ING Bank N.V.
Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Proportion of voting power held in subsidiary	50.00%
Principal investments in associates	20.00%
Minimum [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Proportion of ownership interest in subsidiary	50.00%
Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Principal investments in associates	50.00%

XML

Principal Subsidiaries Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures - Summary of Principal Subsidiaries, Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Thailand [Member] | TMB Public Company Limited [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Principal place of business of associate	Bangkok
Interest held	30.00%	30.00%
ING Bank N.V. [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Amsterdam
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
Bank Mendes Gans N.V. [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Amsterdam
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Lease (Nederland) B.V. [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Amsterdam
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
Record Bank [Member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Brussels
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Belgie N.V. [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Brussels
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Luxembourg S.A. [member] | Luxembourg [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Luxembourg City
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING-DiBa AG [Member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Frankfurt am Main
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Bank Slaski S.A. [Member] | Poland [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Katowice
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	75.00%	75.00%
ING Financial Holdings Corporation [member] | United States [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Delaware
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Bank A.S. [member] | Turkey [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Istanbul
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Bank (Australia) Limited [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Sydney
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%
ING Bank (Eurasia) Joint Stock Company [member] | Russia [member]
Disclosure of Significant Investments in Principal Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures [Line Items]
Statutory place of Incorporation	Moscow
Proportion of ownership and interest held by the group	100.00%	100.00%

XML

Structured Entities - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2013
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Structured entity issues	The structured entity issues securitisation notes in two tranches, one subordinated tranche and one senior tranche, rated AAA by a rating agency. The AAA tranche can subsequently be used by ING Group as collateral in the money market for secured borrowings.
Non controlling interests	€ 0
Transfer of financial assets			€ 2,000,000,000
Fair value of swap	(41,000,000)	€ (5,000,000)
Fair value of changes	(36,000,000)	(6,000,000)
Fee income recognised	2,000,000	2,000,000
Mont Blanc [member] | Securitisations [member]
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Liquid facilities	1,139,000,000	812,000,000
Drawn facility	0	€ 0
AAA rated Notes [member]
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Securitisations	56,000,000,000
Subordinated notes, issued externally [member]
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Securitisations	7,000,000,000
Third party securitisation vehicles [member]
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Securitisations	€ 7,000,000,000

XML

Structured Entities - Covered Bond Programme (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Fair value pledged mortgage loans	€ 41,062	€ 43,931
Cash balance structured entity	323	39
Dutch Covered Bond Companies [member]
Disclosure of information about consolidated structured entities [line items]
Fair value pledged mortgage loans	41,062	43,931
Cash balance structured entity	€ 323	€ 39

XML

Related parties - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Related party transactions [abstract]
Provision for doubtful debts	€ 0
Vesting of variable remuneration	€ 15,000,000	€ 16,000,000

XML

Related Parties - Summary of Significant Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Assets	€ 843,878	€ 842,216	€ 1,002,228
Liabilities	794,734	794,353
Subsidiaries [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Assets	21,277	14,903
Liabilities	377	70
Income received	448	414
Expenses paid	3	30
Associates [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Assets	120	27
Liabilities	86	16
Off-balance sheet commitments	92	34
Joint ventures [member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Assets	9	12
Liabilities	5	59
Off-balance sheet commitments	1	2
Income received	8	9
Expenses paid	€ 6	€ 1

XML

Related Parties - Summery of Information About Key Management Personnel (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fixed Compensation
- Base salary	€ 8,171	€ 8,181
- Collective fixed allowances	2,598	2,334
- Pension costs	214	186
- Severance benefits	1,204	918
Variable compensation
- Upfront cash	463	485
- Upfront shares	711	872
- Deferred cash	694	727
- Deferred shares	1,067	1,306
- Other		1,184
Total compensation	15,122	16,193
Executive board of ING Groep N.V. [member]
Fixed Compensation
- Base salary	4,399	4,070
- Collective fixed allowances	1,418	1,167
- Pension costs	96	78
- Severance benefits	1,204
Variable compensation
- Upfront shares	226	300
- Deferred shares	339	449
Total compensation	7,682	6,064
Management Board Banking [member]
Fixed Compensation
- Base salary	3,772	4,111
- Collective fixed allowances	1,180	1,167
- Pension costs	118	108
- Severance benefits		918
Variable compensation
- Upfront cash	463	485
- Upfront shares	485	572
- Deferred cash	694	727
- Deferred shares	728	857
- Other		1,184
Total compensation	€ 7,440	€ 10,129

XML

Related Parties - Summery of Information About Key Management Personnel (Parenthetical) (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [abstract]
Percentage saving allowances	3.50%	3.50%
Collective saving allowances for loss pension benefits	€ 103,317	€ 101,519

XML

Related Parties - Summary Of Key Management Personnel Compensation Of Supervisory Board (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Total compensation	€ 15,122	€ 16,193
Supervisory Board [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Total compensation	€ 1,022	€ 1,088

XML

Related Parties - Summary of Loan and Advances to Key Management Personnel Explanatory (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Amount outstanding 31 December	€ 3,231	€ 3,381
Repayments	0	150
Executive board of ING Groep N.V. [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Amount outstanding 31 December	€ 2,681	€ 2,849
Average interest rate	1.80%	2.60%
Repayments	€ 0	€ 150
Management Board Banking [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Amount outstanding 31 December	€ 550	€ 532
Average interest rate	2.30%	3.80%
Repayments	€ 0
Supervisory Board [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Amount outstanding 31 December	0	€ 0
Repayments	€ 0

XML

Related Parties - Summary Of Shares And Stock Options To Key Management Personnel (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017 shares	Dec. 31, 2016 shares	Dec. 31, 2015 shares	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Number of shares	3,885,790,000	3,878,484,000	3,870,183,000
Number of stock options	15,141,980	25,574,912	37,311,131	52,559,607
ING Groep NV [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Number of shares	487,433	555,064
Number of stock options	325,118	446,022
ING Groep NV [member] | Executive board of ING Groep N.V. [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Number of shares	202,357	261,684
Number of stock options	174,318	95,921
ING Groep NV [member] | Management Board of I N G Bank NV [,ember]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Number of shares	112,342	120,646
Number of stock options	37,415	123,237
ING Groep NV [member] | Supervisory Board [member]
Disclosure of key management personnel compensation [Line Items]
Number of shares	172,734	172,734
Number of stock options	113,385	226,864

XML

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - Subsequent Event [Member] - Payvision [member] € in Millions	Jan. 29, 2018 EUR (€)
Disclosure of non-adjusting events after reporting period [line items]
Percentage of business acquired	75.00%
Total estimated value of company to be acquired	€ 360

XML

Risk Management - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fixed Rate of Instruments [Abstract]
One-sided confidence level percentage to calculate economic capital	99.95%

XML

Credit Risk - Schedule of Number of Significant PD, EAD, and LGD Models Per Asset Class - Additional Information (Detail) € in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€)
Disclosure of nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments [line items]
Regulatory compliant ratings coverage by exposure in AIRB Portfolio	99.00%
Increase in RWA due to model changes	€ 3.4
Probability of default [member]
Disclosure of nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments [line items]
Percentage of credit exposures rated using rating models	94.00%
Dutch mortgages portfolio [member]
Disclosure of nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments [line items]
Increase in RWA due to model changes	€ 3.9
German Mortgages models [member]
Disclosure of nature and extent of risks arising from financial instruments [line items]
Decrease in RWA due to model changes	€ 1.2

XML

Credit Risk - Schedule of Exposure classes: ING Bank Portfolio Per Risk Category, as % of Total Regulatory EAD (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	100.00%	100.00%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		75.80%
Investment		10.80%
Money Market		2.10%
Pre-Settlement		6.90%
Total		95.60%
Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		4.00%
Investment		0.10%
Money Market		0.20%
Pre-Settlement		0.10%
Total		4.40%
Sovereigns [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	12.00%	12.30%
Sovereigns [member] | Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		2.20%
Investment		7.90%
Money Market		1.70%
Pre-Settlement		0.20%
Total		12.00%
Sovereigns [member] | Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		0.00%
Investment		0.10%
Money Market		0.20%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		0.30%
Financial institutions [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	9.80%	10.50%
Financial institutions [Member] | Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		3.10%
Investment		1.80%
Money Market		0.40%
Pre-Settlement		4.90%
Total		10.20%
Financial institutions [Member] | Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		0.30%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.10%
Total		0.30%
Loans to corporate entities [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	36.30%	36.50%
Loans to corporate entities [member] | Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		32.80%
Investment		0.40%
Money Market		0.10%
Pre-Settlement		1.70%
Total		35.00%
Loans to corporate entities [member] | Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		1.40%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		1.50%
Residential Mortgages [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	35.30%	34.30%
Residential Mortgages [member] | Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		33.40%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		33.40%
Residential Mortgages [member] | Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		0.90%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		0.90%
Other retail [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	5.80%	5.60%
Other retail [member] | Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		4.20%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		4.20%
Other retail [member] | Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		1.40%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		1.40%
Securitisation [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Total	0.80%	0.80%
Securitisation [member] | Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		0.10%
Investment		0.60%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.10%
Total		0.80%
Securitisation [member] | Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending		0.00%
Investment		0.00%
Money Market		0.00%
Pre-Settlement		0.00%
Total		0.00%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	77.60%
Investment	9.10%
Money Market	2.70%
Pre-Settlement	5.50%
Total	94.90%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] | Sovereigns [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	1.80%
Investment	7.00%
Money Market	2.40%
Pre-Settlement	0.40%
Total	11.60%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] | Financial institutions [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	3.90%
Investment	1.10%
Money Market	0.30%
Pre-Settlement	3.80%
Total	9.20%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] | Loans to corporate entities [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	33.70%
Investment	0.40%
Money Market	0.10%
Pre-Settlement	1.30%
Total	35.50%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] | Residential Mortgages [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	33.40%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	33.40%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] | Other retail [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	4.50%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	4.50%
Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] | Securitisation [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	0.20%
Investment	0.60%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	0.80%
Standardised approach (SA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	4.70%
Investment	0.10%
Money Market	0.20%
Pre-Settlement	0.10%
Total	5.10%
Standardised approach (SA) [member] | Sovereigns [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	0.20%
Investment	0.10%
Money Market	0.10%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	0.40%
Standardised approach (SA) [member] | Financial institutions [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	0.60%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.10%
Total	0.60%
Standardised approach (SA) [member] | Loans to corporate entities [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	0.80%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	0.80%
Standardised approach (SA) [member] | Residential Mortgages [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	1.90%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	1.90%
Standardised approach (SA) [member] | Other retail [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	1.30%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	1.30%
Standardised approach (SA) [member] | Securitisation [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Lending	0.00%
Investment	0.00%
Money Market	0.00%
Pre-Settlement	0.00%
Total	0.00%

XML

Credit Risk - Schedule of Exposure classes: ING Bank Portfolio Per Risk Category - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of decrease in portfolio size	0.50%
Increase (decrease) in portfolio size	€ 842,000
Outstanding amount in portfolio	€ 773,636	€ 775,065
US Dollar
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Depreciation in currency value	(12.20%)
Australian Dollar
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Depreciation in currency value	(5.10%)

XML

Credit Risk - Summary of ING Bank portfolio per line of business, as % of total outstandings (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Outstanding amount in portfolio	€ 773,636	€ 775,065
1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.50%	5.50%
2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	10.10%	11.00%
5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	16.40%	13.40%
8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	31.90%	30.50%
11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	27.30%	30.30%
14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.80%	6.10%
17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	3.00%	3.20%
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Outstanding amount in portfolio	€ 335,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	6.00%	7.10%
Wholesale Banking [member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	11.40%	11.90%
Wholesale Banking [member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	20.20%	18.90%
Wholesale Banking [member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	27.50%	27.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	26.90%	26.50%
Wholesale Banking [member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.20%	5.50%
Wholesale Banking [member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	2.80%	3.00%
Retail Benelux [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Outstanding amount in portfolio	€ 225,000
Retail Benelux [member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.20%	0.20%
Retail Benelux [member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	3.10%	5.70%
Retail Benelux [member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	8.20%	4.20%
Retail Benelux [member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	42.30%	34.50%
Retail Benelux [member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	34.60%	43.20%
Retail Benelux [member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	7.10%	7.50%
Retail Benelux [member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	4.50%	4.70%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Outstanding amount in portfolio	€ 201,000
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	7.30%	7.30%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	16.30%	16.10%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	19.80%	15.00%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	28.10%	32.70%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	21.00%	21.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.60%	5.60%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	1.90%	1.80%
Corporate Line [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Outstanding amount in portfolio	€ 12,000
Corporate Line [member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	57.50%	42.70%
Corporate Line [member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.10%	0.30%
Corporate Line [member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	4.80%	3.90%
Corporate Line [member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	26.70%	7.50%
Corporate Line [member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	8.30%	42.20%
Corporate Line [member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	2.60%	3.50%

XML

Credit Risk - Summary of ING Bank portfolio per line of business, as % of total outstandings 1,2 (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.50%	5.50%
2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	10.10%	11.00%
5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	16.40%	13.40%
8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	31.90%	30.50%
11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	27.30%	30.30%
14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.80%	6.10%
17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	3.00%	3.20%
Lending [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Lending [Member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	1.80%	1.90%
Lending [Member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	4.50%	5.20%
Lending [Member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	14.20%	10.10%
Lending [Member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	36.60%	35.30%
Lending [Member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	32.20%	36.00%
Lending [Member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	7.00%	7.50%
Lending [Member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	3.70%	4.00%
Investments [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Investments [member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	29.70%	28.30%
Investments [member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	39.60%	40.40%
Investments [member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	17.60%	16.90%
Investments [member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	9.60%	6.90%
Investments [member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	3.30%	7.20%
Investments [member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.00%	0.20%
Investments [member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.20%	0.10%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	22.60%	14.50%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	58.80%	50.40%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	7.30%	14.00%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	3.00%	4.20%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	7.90%	15.40%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.40%	1.50%
Money Market Funds 1 [Member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.00%	0.00%
Pre-settlement1 [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	100.00%	100.00%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 1 (AAA) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	5.40%	3.40%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	14.00%	14.80%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	49.00%	47.50%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	19.40%	23.30%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	10.20%	9.10%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 14-16 (B) [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	1.40%	1.50%
Pre-settlement1 [member] | 17-22 (CCC & NPL [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
portfolio per line of business, % of outstanding	0.60%	0.40%

XML

Credit Risk - Summary of ING Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	100.00%	100.00%
Private Individuals [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	40.10%	39.50%
Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	8.30%	8.80%
Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	7.10%	6.80%
Real estate [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	6.40%	6.00%
Central Governments [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	5.80%	6.50%
Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	4.90%	5.70%
Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	3.60%	3.90%
Central Banks [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	3.00%	2.70%
Services [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.90%	2.60%
Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.60%	2.60%
Lower Public Administration [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.60%	2.80%
General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.60%	2.30%
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.10%	2.10%
Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	8.00%	7.70%
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	100.00%	100.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Private Individuals [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	14.70%	14.80%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	15.70%	15.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	10.80%	10.20%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Central Governments [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	8.70%	9.90%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	9.70%	10.40%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	7.30%	8.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Central Banks [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	4.70%	5.10%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	3.70%	3.20%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	3.80%	3.70%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Lower Public Administration [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.10%	1.20%
Wholesale Banking [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	4.00%	3.40%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.50%	2.40%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	13.30%	12.70%
Retail Benelux [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Benelux [member] | Private Individuals [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	72.60%	73.40%
Retail Benelux [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.10%	0.20%
Retail Benelux [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.40%	0.40%
Retail Benelux [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	5.10%	4.70%
Retail Benelux [member] | Central Governments [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.10%	0.90%
Retail Benelux [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.00%	0.90%
Retail Benelux [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.20%	1.10%
Retail Benelux [member] | Central Banks [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.10%	0.10%
Retail Benelux [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	4.00%	3.60%
Retail Benelux [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.20%	2.10%
Retail Benelux [member] | Lower Public Administration [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.20%	2.80%
Retail Benelux [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.60%	1.50%
Retail Benelux [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.80%	2.80%
Retail Benelux [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	5.60%	5.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Private Individuals [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	72.60%	68.80%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	4.90%	6.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.60%	0.70%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.00%	0.90%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Central Governments [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	4.90%	5.60%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.20%	3.20%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.40%	0.40%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Central Banks [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.90%	1.60%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.60%	0.60%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.30%	1.30%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Lower Public Administration [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	5.80%	5.60%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	1.50%	1.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.70%	0.70%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	2.60%	2.60%
Corporate Line [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	100.00%	100.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Private Individuals [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	40.10%	56.40%
Corporate Line [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Central Governments [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	26.40%	36.30%
Corporate Line [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	6.50%	7.30%
Corporate Line [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Central Banks [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	27.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Lower Public Administration [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items]
Bank portfolio per economic sector, as % of total outstandings	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Risk Management Section - Country Risk Explanatory - ING Bank Portfolio, by Geographic Area (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	100.00%	100.00%
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	24.00%	25.70%
Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	13.80%	13.30%
Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	12.90%	12.00%
Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	28.30%	28.20%
Americas [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	9.50%	9.50%
Asia Pacific [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	6.10%	6.00%
Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	5.00%	4.80%
Rest Of World [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.40%	0.50%
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	100.00%	100.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	12.80%	14.20%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	5.70%	5.40%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	6.80%	6.20%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	41.00%	40.80%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Americas [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	19.50%	19.50%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia Pacific [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	11.90%	11.60%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	1.40%	1.30%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Rest Of World [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.90%	1.00%
Retail Benelux [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Benelux [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	62.30%	65.50%
Retail Benelux [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.20%	0.20%
Retail Benelux [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	35.10%	32.10%
Retail Benelux [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	2.20%	2.00%
Retail Benelux [member] | Americas [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.10%	0.10%
Retail Benelux [member] | Asia Pacific [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.10%	0.10%
Retail Benelux [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.00%	0.00%
Retail Benelux [member] | Rest Of World [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.00%	0.00%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.20%	0.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	46.00%	44.40%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.30%	0.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	34.40%	35.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Americas [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	1.20%	1.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Asia Pacific [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.10%	0.10%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	17.80%	17.50%
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Rest Of World [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	100.00%	100.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	64.40%	50.60%
Corporate Line [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.30%	0.10%
Corporate Line [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.00%	0.00%
Corporate Line [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.60%	0.20%
Corporate Line [member] | Americas [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.10%	0.10%
Corporate Line [member] | Asia Pacific [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	34.50%	48.80%
Corporate Line [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.10%	0.20%
Corporate Line [member] | Rest Of World [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	0.00%	0.00%

XML

Risk Management Section - Country Risk Explanatory - ING Bank Portfolio, by Geographic Area (Parenthetical) (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	100.00%	100.00%
Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	28.30%	28.20%
United Kingdom [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	3.80%
Poland [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	3.80%
France [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	3.20%
Spain [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	3.10%
Italy [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposures	2.40%

XML

Risk Management Section - (Country Risk) ING bank portfolio - Additional Information (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		100.00%
Lending, investment and money market portfolio outstanding risk percentage		53.60%	50.10%
Percentage of no portfolio close covers ratio		100.00%
Percentage Investment Outstandings Investment Grade		96.00%
Percentage of maximum loan to value ratio		101.00%	102.00%
Increase in business lending outstanding		€ 9.8
Decrease in business lending outstanding		€ 14.5
Percentage of notional Pre-Settlement exposure cleared by Central Clearing Parties		56.80%
Percentage of total notional Pre-Settlement exposure			55.50%
Percentage of CEM exposure confidence level		97.50%
Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Coverage ratio		100.00%
Consumer Lending [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage consumer lending portfolio accounts outstandings		39.90%
Percentage Consumer Lending Portfolio Comprises Of Residential Mortgage Loans		92.70%
Consumer Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage Consumer Lending Portfolio Comprises Of Residential Mortgage Loans		42.00%
Consumer Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage Consumer Lending Portfolio Comprises Of Residential Mortgage Loans		24.70%
Consumer Lending [member] | Belgium And Luxembourg [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage Consumer Lending Portfolio Comprises Of Residential Mortgage Loans		11.80%
Consumer Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage Consumer Lending Portfolio Comprises Of Residential Mortgage Loans		10.70%
Business Lending [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of total outstandings		41.40%
Commercial Banks [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of increase in business lending outstanding		19.20%
Events After Reporting Period [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of maximum loan to value ratio	100.00%
No cover [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		0.00%
Minimum [member] | Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		0.00%
Minimum [member] | Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		25.00%
Minimum [member] | Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		50.00%
Minimum [member] | Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		75.00%
Minimum [member] | Less thanequal to hundred percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		100.00%
Maximum [member] | Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		25.00%
Maximum [member] | Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		50.00%
Maximum [member] | Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		75.00%
Maximum [member] | Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of country risk exposure covers portfolio outstanding		100.00%

XML

Risk Management Section - Cover Values Including Guarantees Received - Total ING Bank (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	€ 773,636	€ 775,065
Mortgages	647,376	614,734
Eligible Financial Collateral	18,923	20,498
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	100,024	89,595
Guarantees	116,429	125,395
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	167,536	167,511
Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	308,349	304,448
Mortgages	512,709	486,156
Eligible Financial Collateral	3,680	3,494
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	338	391
Guarantees	25,130	25,846
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	38,551	34,839
Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	320,153	310,395
Mortgages	134,667	128,578
Eligible Financial Collateral	15,185	17,004
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	99,569	89,204
Guarantees	90,777	98,559
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	128,985	132,672
Investment and Money Market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	100,450	110,218
Eligible Financial Collateral	59
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	117
Guarantees	522	989
Aggregate lending, investment and money market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	728,951	725,061
Mortgages	647,376	614,734
Eligible Financial Collateral	18,923	20,498
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	100,024	89,595
Guarantees	116,429	125,395
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	167,536	167,511
Pre-settlement1 [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	€ 44,685	€ 50,003
No cover [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	31.90%	31.80%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.30%	5.60%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	35.30%	33.60%
No cover [member] | Investment and Money Market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	99.50%	99.10%
No cover [member] | Aggregate lending, investment and money market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	31.90%	31.80%
Partially covered [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	14.60%	18.10%
Partially covered [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	9.30%	14.30%
Partially covered [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	24.10%	28.10%
Partially covered [member] | Investment and Money Market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.40%	0.30%
Partially covered [member] | Aggregate lending, investment and money market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	14.60%	18.10%
Fully covered [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	53.60%	50.10%
Fully covered [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	84.40%	80.10%
Fully covered [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	40.60%	38.30%
Fully covered [member] | Investment and Money Market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.20%	0.60%
Fully covered [member] | Aggregate lending, investment and money market [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	53.60%	50.10%

XML

Risk Management Section - Cover Values Including Guarantees Received - Consumer Lending Portfolio (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	€ 773,636	€ 775,065
Mortgages	647,376	614,734
Eligible Financial Collateral	18,923	20,498
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	100,024	89,595
Guarantees	116,429	125,395
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	167,536	167,511
Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	308,349	304,448
Mortgages	512,709	486,156
Eligible Financial Collateral	3,680	3,494
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	338	391
Guarantees	25,130	25,846
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	38,551	34,839
Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	304,449	300,299
Mortgages	508,409	481,781
Eligible Financial Collateral	3,652	3,463
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	325	373
Guarantees	24,900	25,570
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	37,830	34,187
Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	3,900	4,149
Mortgages	4,300	4,375
Eligible Financial Collateral	27	31
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	13	18
Guarantees	230	276
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	720	652
Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	277,776	276,412
Mortgages	500,753	473,271
Eligible Financial Collateral	2,980	2,754
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	116	136
Guarantees	23,597	24,664
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	32,104	29,421
Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	2,883	3,197
Mortgages	4,046	4,097
Eligible Financial Collateral	26	29
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	4	5
Guarantees	211	255
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	646	567
Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	4,882	4,439
Mortgages	7,411	6,911
Eligible Financial Collateral	68	62
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	67	70
Guarantees	155	145
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	1,342	827
Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	159	176
Mortgages	249	265
Eligible Financial Collateral	0	1
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	5	10
Guarantees	10	10
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	21	25
Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	21,791	19,448
Mortgages	246	1,599
Eligible Financial Collateral	604	647
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	142	167
Guarantees	1,147	761
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	4,384	3,939
Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	857	776
Mortgages	6	13
Eligible Financial Collateral	1	1
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	4	3
Guarantees	9	11
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	€ 53	€ 60
No cover [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	31.90%	31.80%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.30%	5.60%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.10%	5.40%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	21.60%	18.00%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.00%	0.00%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.80%	0.50%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.00%	0.00%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.70%	0.80%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	84.60%	83.60%
No cover [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	95.60%	94.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	0.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	0.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.30%	0.30%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.00%	0.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.20%	0.30%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.40%	0.40%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.90%	0.30%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.30%	0.30%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.30%	0.40%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	0.10%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	0.10%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.50%	0.70%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	1.40%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.60%	0.80%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.20%	0.40%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.60%	1.10%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	0.20%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.10%	0.20%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.10%	1.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.10%	1.30%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.10%	4.80%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.20%	13.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.10%	6.10%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.60%	1.30%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.80%	2.10%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.20%	0.30%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.20%	0.30%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.00%	12.70%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.90%	12.50%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	14.60%	21.90%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.50%	85.00%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	18.90%	27.40%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.70%	8.60%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	10.70%	13.40%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.70%	1.00%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.70%	1.10%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	84.40%	80.10%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	84.70%	80.60%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	59.90%	54.30%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	90.20%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages (Private Individuals) [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	75.40%	64.90%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	89.10%	89.30%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Residential Mortgages [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	84.20%	82.30%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	14.10%	14.60%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Consumer Lending [member] | Other Consumer Lending [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.00%	3.90%

XML

Risk Management Section - Cover Values Including Guarantees Received - Business Lending Portfolio Per Economic Sector (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	€ 773,636	€ 775,065
Mortgages	647,376	614,734
Eligible Financial Collateral	18,923	20,498
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	100,024	89,595
Guarantees	116,429	125,395
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	167,536	167,511
Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	320,153	310,395
Mortgages	134,667	128,578
Eligible Financial Collateral	15,185	17,004
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	99,569	89,204
Guarantees	90,777	98,559
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	128,985	132,672
Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	50,754	50,402
Mortgages	1,090	3,810
Eligible Financial Collateral	2,359	3,399
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	20,529	19,543
Guarantees	16,162	20,014
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	18,501	23,022
Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	49,098	45,974
Mortgages	81,749	72,471
Eligible Financial Collateral	1,641	1,685
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	1,363	1,166
Guarantees	7,179	7,610
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	8,084	8,534
Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	26,352	28,168
Mortgages	3,151	3,336
Eligible Financial Collateral	139	405
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	21,428	22,486
Guarantees	6,983	9,125
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	7,734	8,475
Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	26,265	22,025
Mortgages	324	336
Eligible Financial Collateral	126	220
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	2,370	1,622
Guarantees	1,624	1,732
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	746	1,039
Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	21,369	19,252
Mortgages	8,747	9,010
Eligible Financial Collateral	2,800	1,389
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	4,318	5,420
Guarantees	7,148	6,034
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	12,315	10,369
Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	18,739	18,158
Mortgages	7,170	6,942
Eligible Financial Collateral	269	611
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	7,791	7,459
Guarantees	7,529	6,813
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	15,287	15,678
Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	18,711	17,082
Mortgages	4,676	4,988
Eligible Financial Collateral	210	278
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	6,529	5,852
Guarantees	6,152	6,658
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	12,169	11,781
Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	17,394	17,211
Mortgages	1,774	1,885
Eligible Financial Collateral	5,362	6,060
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	13,018	5,338
Guarantees	5,070	7,268
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	10,255	9,075
Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	14,905	14,732
Mortgages	8,159	7,636
Eligible Financial Collateral	240	227
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	3,381	3,458
Guarantees	3,171	3,342
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	7,239	7,233
Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	14,242
Mortgages	6,517
Eligible Financial Collateral	230
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	4,789
Guarantees	4,535
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	7,886
Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	13,503	13,160
Mortgages	777	1,359
Eligible Financial Collateral	911	1,167
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	4,134	3,309
Guarantees	3,920	4,306
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	6,325	7,354
Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	48,821	64,231
Mortgages	10,534	16,805
Eligible Financial Collateral	899	1,563
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	9,918	13,551
Guarantees	21,302	25,657
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	22,444	30,112
Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	8,531	9,438
Mortgages	4,132	4,352
Eligible Financial Collateral	441	293
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	3,261	3,210
Guarantees	2,947	3,961
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	€ 2,877	€ 3,705
No cover [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	31.90%	31.80%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	35.30%	33.60%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	32.60%	22.20%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.40%	5.70%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	19.20%	19.00%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	86.20%	86.70%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	34.80%	32.40%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	26.20%	26.90%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	36.90%	31.50%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	36.40%	35.50%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	36.30%	34.70%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	35.40%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	39.70%	40.90%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	49.70%	51.30%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	23.20%	24.10%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member] | Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.23%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.20%	4.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	12.40%	8.70%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.10%	1.50%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.00%	3.70%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.10%	1.90%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.00%	3.40%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.20%	3.40%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.40%	3.80%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.20%	8.70%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	2.60%	3.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.20%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.70%	5.80%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.30%	2.50%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.90%	4.40%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.30%	5.90%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	10.50%	15.30%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.90%	1.40%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.30%	3.20%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	0.20%	1.30%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.20%	5.00%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.20%	5.80%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.00%	7.30%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.00%	6.00%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.30%	5.60%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.00%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.30%	2.90%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.40%	5.20%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.10%	6.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.10%	7.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	10.70%	15.10%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.20%	4.80%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.50%	5.60%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.00%	0.70%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.80%	7.50%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	10.70%	11.10%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.70%	6.80%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.90%	7.00%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.60%	10.60%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.00%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.80%	3.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.40%	5.50%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.30%	14.20%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.60%	10.70%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan		10.60%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	9.20%	15.50%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	9.30%	12.50%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	12.90%	14.60%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	2.30%	1.40%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	9.10%	10.90%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	11.60%	13.30%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.50%	9.60%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	2.60%	6.10%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	12.10%	12.50%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.90%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.40%	6.10%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.30%	8.30%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	17.00%	13.80%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	40.60%	38.30%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Natural resources [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	24.60%	23.20%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Real estate [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	79.20%	74.10%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	57.20%	53.90%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Commercial Banks [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	9.10%	8.00%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Services [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	42.10%	40.80%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	42.10%	39.50%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | General Industries [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	37.50%	41.00%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	41.00%	36.70%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	38.00%	33.50%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	40.40%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Utilities [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	37.10%	40.90%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	27.90%	27.20%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	42.40%	37.10%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member] | Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan		37.20%

XML

Risk Management Section - Cover Values Including Guarantees Received - Business Lending Portfolio Per Economic Sector (Parenthetical) (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Billions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Maximum [member] | Other economic sector [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings amount	€ 13	€ 13

XML

Risk Management Section - Cover Values Including Guarantees Received - Business Lending Portfolio Per Region (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	€ 773,636	€ 775,065
Mortgages	647,376	614,734
Eligible Financial Collateral	18,923	20,498
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	100,024	89,595
Guarantees	116,429	125,395
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	167,536	167,511
Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	320,153	310,395
Mortgages	134,667	128,578
Eligible Financial Collateral	15,185	17,004
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	99,569	89,204
Guarantees	90,777	98,559
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	128,985	132,672
Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	2,713	2,533
Mortgages	10	14
Eligible Financial Collateral	60	158
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	238	922
Guarantees	2,007	2,142
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	608	645
Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	40,603	40,096
Mortgages	4,819	5,484
Eligible Financial Collateral	4,504	4,416
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	29,677	21,080
Guarantees	6,712	10,090
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	18,799	21,611
Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	41,100	39,455
Mortgages	670	1,087
Eligible Financial Collateral	1,343	1,395
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	12,319	12,182
Guarantees	15,126	17,381
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	9,061	9,643
Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	5,578	5,394
Mortgages	4,266	3,603
Eligible Financial Collateral	49	11
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	1,018	947
Guarantees	685	885
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	857	769
Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	46,993	44,815
Mortgages	32,474	30,807
Eligible Financial Collateral	1,280	1,655
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	6,483	6,287
Guarantees	18,514	18,249
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	27,670	27,038
Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	11,952	8,777
Mortgages	2,067	1,587
Eligible Financial Collateral	41	300
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	575	688
Guarantees	1,485	1,402
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	3,400	3,191
Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	62,391	63,597
Mortgages	51,973	47,941
Eligible Financial Collateral	2,406	3,007
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	24,229	23,451
Guarantees	8,233	7,990
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	13,005	14,849
Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	108,822	105,728
Mortgages	38,389	38,055
Eligible Financial Collateral	5,502	6,062
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	25,029	23,647
Guarantees	38,014	40,420
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	55,585	54,926
Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Outstandings	8,531	9,438
Mortgages	4,132	4,352
Eligible Financial Collateral	441	293
Other CRR/CRD IV eligible	3,261	3,210
Guarantees	2,947	3,961
Non CRR/CRD IV eligible	€ 2,877	€ 3,705
No cover [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	31.90%	31.80%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	35.30%	33.60%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	26.00%	17.50%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	35.00%	35.80%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	45.80%	37.20%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	34.80%	24.30%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	27.50%	28.70%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	56.30%	51.80%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	26.50%	26.50%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	37.80%	37.20%
No cover [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	23.20%	24.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.20%	4.10%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.70%	10.70%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.50%	4.80%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	10.20%	7.20%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.30%	9.40%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	1.90%	2.20%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.60%	2.70%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	2.80%	2.20%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.90%	4.30%
Greater than zero percentage to twenty five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.90%	4.40%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.30%	5.90%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.20%	5.20%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.00%	4.80%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.10%	10.10%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.40%	5.60%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	2.70%	2.90%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.30%	2.50%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.50%	4.50%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.70%	7.20%
Greater than twenty five percentage to fifty percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.10%	6.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.10%	7.40%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	9.00%	10.80%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.40%	6.70%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.40%	7.90%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.60%	1.00%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.70%	4.20%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.30%	5.20%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.70%	11.70%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	5.30%	6.60%
Greater than fifty percentage to seventy five percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.30%	14.20%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.60%	10.70%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	19.80%	22.60%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	8.40%	12.60%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	4.70%	9.90%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.30%	8.20%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	6.40%	7.20%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	3.60%	1.10%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	15.10%	18.00%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	7.60%	8.00%
Greater than seventy five percentage to less than hundred percentage [member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	17.00%	13.80%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	40.60%	38.30%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	38.20%	33.20%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	40.70%	35.30%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	26.90%	27.70%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	48.60%	51.50%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	56.80%	54.80%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	26.80%	36.70%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	44.30%	37.10%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	37.70%	36.70%
Hundred Percentage [Member] | Business Lending [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of country risk exposure [line items]
Value to Loan	42.40%	37.10%

XML

Risk Management Section - Pre-settlement Portfolio (Detail) - Pre-settlement1 [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	€ 150,171	€ 173,887
MtM after netting	47,316	59,626
MtM after netting and collateral	34,877	45,484
Outstandings	44,685	50,003
Africa [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	107	84
MtM after netting	96	49
MtM after netting and collateral	85	47
Outstandings	119	89
America [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	21,296	20,866
MtM after netting	10,864	10,891
MtM after netting and collateral	6,846	6,549
Outstandings	7,690	9,241
Asia [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	7,150	8,318
MtM after netting	3,663	4,743
MtM after netting and collateral	3,020	3,558
Outstandings	3,542	3,918
Australia [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	483	537
MtM after netting	264	303
MtM after netting and collateral	241	228
Outstandings	532	492
Belgium [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	5,165	5,463
MtM after netting	3,761	3,368
MtM after netting and collateral	2,880	2,871
Outstandings	2,215	2,455
Germany [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	4,481	5,300
MtM after netting	2,091	2,757
MtM after netting and collateral	1,397	1,842
Outstandings	2,264	3,479
Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	6,701	9,146
MtM after netting	4,174	5,859
MtM after netting and collateral	2,771	3,741
Outstandings	4,062	4,848
Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	104,788	124,173
MtM after netting	22,404	31,656
MtM after netting and collateral	17,637	26,648
Outstandings	24,260	25,481
Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Gross MtM before netting and collateral	23	37
MtM after netting	25	36
MtM after netting and collateral	25	36
Outstandings	€ 29	€ 36

XML

Risk Management Section - Credit Quality - ING Bank Portfolio, Outstanding (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	€ 836,747	€ 834,170
ING Bank portfolio, outstandings [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	773,636	775,065
ING Bank portfolio, outstandings [member] | Neither past due nor non-performing [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	756,803	757,498
ING Bank portfolio, outstandings [member] | Consumer lending past due but performing (1-90 days) [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	4,352	3,970
ING Bank portfolio, outstandings [member] | Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	€ 12,481	€ 13,597

XML

Risk Management Section - ING bank portfolio (Detail) - EUR (€)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Risk rating description	Retail Banking continuously measures its portfolio in terms of payment arrears and on a monthly basis it is determined if there are any significant changes in the level of arrears. This methodology is principally extended to loans to private individuals, such as residential mortgage loans, car loans, and other consumer loans. An obligation is considered ‘past due’ if a payment of interest or principal is more than one day late. ING aims to help its customers as soon as they are past due by communicating (e-mail, SMS, letter or outbound call) to remind them on their payment obligations. In its contacts with the customers, ING aims to solve the (potential) financial difficulties by offering a range of measures (e.g. payment arrangements, restructuring). If the issues cannot be cured, for example because the customer is not able or not willing to pay, the contract is sent to the recovery unit. The facility is downgraded to risk rating 20 (non-performing) when arrears exceed 90 days past due and to risk rating 21 or 22 (no more cure) when the contract is terminated. The table below captures all past due exposures starting from day 1.
Increase in past due exposure for consumer loans	€ 836,747,000,000	€ 834,170,000,000
Deterioration in past due obligations description	The deterioration in past due obligations was a result of the change in the days count methodology related to IFRS 9 and was mainly seen in the 31-60 days bucket and the 61-90 days. The increase in the 1-30 days bucket was driven by increased residential mortgage exposure in Netherlands Retail and Poland Retail, the increase was offset by a decrease in past due exposure in Australia.
Decrease in provisions		(3,000,000)
Provisions	€ 1,713,000,000	2,028,000,000
Decrease of forborne assets	€ (3,100,000,000)
Decrease of forborne assets, percentage	21.00%
Forborne assets	€ 11,819,000,000	€ 14,880,000,000
Percentage of forborne assets	1.60%	2.10%
Economic capital for market risk confidence interval percentage	99.95%
Value at risk confidence interval percentage	99.00%
Floor interest rates	0.00%
Increase decrease in Basis point value per currency	€ (0.034)
BPV impact	€ (3,900,000)
Common equity tier one ratio probability of drop	1.00%
Drop in common equity tier one ratio	0.16%
Investments in associates and joint ventures	€ 1,088,000,000	€ 1,141,000,000
Revaluation reserve relating to equity securities held in available-for-sale portfolio	2,474,000,000	2,656,000,000
Total real estate exposure	934,000,000	1,109,000,000
Change in real estate market risk exposure in the banking books	200,000,000
Additional valuation adjustment	€ 13,000,000
Loan-to-Deposit ratio	105.00%
AMA capital requirement	€ 3,207,000,000	3,242,000,000
Withholding tax will be imposed on withholdable payments	30.00%
Office [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	€ 785,000,000	895,000,000
Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	100,000,000
At cost [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	800,000,000
Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	0	0
Netherlands and Belgium [member] | Office [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	780,000,000
Europe [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	827,000,000	969,000,000
Europe [member] | Retail And Residential [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Total real estate exposure	80,000,000
Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	5,849,000,000	7,922,000,000
Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 5,969,000,000	6,958,000,000
Minimum [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
2020 Ambition of cost/income ratio	50.00%
Maximum [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
2020 Ambition of cost/income ratio	52.00%
Downward Scenario [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Change in NPV-at-Risk	€ 865,000,000
Upward Scenario [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Change in NPV-at-Risk	(1.47)
Equity price risk [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Investments in associates and joint ventures	947,000,000	1,003,000,000
Equity securities held in the available-for-sale	3,983,000,000	4,024,000,000
Equity securities [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Increase (decrease) in available-for-sale portfolio	(41,000,000)
Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	(1,600,000,000)
Forborne assets	€ 6,162,000,000	€ 7,776,000,000
Percentage of forborne assets	2.10%	2.70%
Percentage of forborne assets	72.00%	70.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Netherlands [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	€ (600,000,000)
Forborne assets	€ 1,593,000,000	€ 2,200,000,000
Percentage of forborne assets	26.00%	28.00%
Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	€ (200,000,000)
Forborne assets	428,000,000	€ 663,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	(1,200,000,000)
Forborne assets	2,776,000,000	3,978,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Performing [member] | Netherlands [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	816,000,000	1,100,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Performing [member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	291,000,000	445,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	(400,000,000)
Forborne assets	3,386,000,000	3,799,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing [member] | Netherlands [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	777,000,000	1,100,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing [member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 137,000,000	€ 218,000,000
Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing exposure [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Percentage of forborne assets	73.00%	67.00%
Retail Banking [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	€ (1,400,000,000)
Forborne assets	€ 5,657,000,000	€ 7,104,000,000
Percentage of forborne assets	1.30%	1.70%
Percentage of forborne assets	1.30%
Retail Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 3,036,000,000	€ 4,301,000,000
Percentage of forborne assets	54.00%	61.00%
Retail Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member] | Residential Mortgages [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	€ (600,000,000)
Retail Banking [Member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	2,000,000	€ 1,000,000
Retail Banking [Member] | Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	3,074,000,000	3,944,000,000
Retail Banking [Member] | Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	2,583,000,000	3,159,000,000
Retail Banking [Member] | Non-performing exposure [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	2,583,000,000	3,159,000,000
Retail Banking [Member] | Non-performing exposure [member] | Netherlands [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 1,309,000,000	€ 1,906,000,000
Percentage of forborne assets	51.00%	60.00%
Retail Banking [Member] | Non-performing exposure [member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 0	€ 1,000,000
Loans to consumers [member] | Financial assets past due but not impaired [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Increase in past due exposure for consumer loans	€ 400,000,000
Individually Significant Financial Asset (ISFA) [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Risk rating description	Individually Significant Financial Asset (ISFA) provisions when there is objective evidence that a financial asset is defaulted as result of one or more prescribed default trigger events. In such cases, ING assigns a risk rating 20, 21 or 22.
Threshold amount	€ 1,000,000
Provisions	2,511,000,000	3,044,000,000
Individually Not Significant Financial Asset (INSFA) [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Provisions	1,391,000,000	1,443,000,000
Incurred but not recognised (IBNR) [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Provisions	726,000,000	821,000,000
ING Bank portfolio [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Risk costs	€ 676,000,000	€ 974,000,000
Increase in risk costs	0.22%	0.31%
Decrease in provisions	€ 700,000,000
Provisions	€ 4,600,000,000
Provisions coverage ratio	37.10%	39.00%
Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	€ 300,000,000
Forborne assets	988,000,000	€ 1,319,000,000
Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	(100,000,000)
Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	398,000,000	685,000,000
Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	590,000,000	634,000,000
Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	400,000,000
Forborne assets	1,995,000,000	2,385,000,000
Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	(100,000,000)
Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	743,000,000	1,232,000,000
Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	1,251,000,000	1,152,000,000
Real estate [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Decrease of forborne assets	300,000,000
Forborne assets	1,467,000,000	1,775,000,000
Real estate [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	824,000,000	1,015,000,000
Real estate [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 643,000,000	€ 759,000,000

XML

Risk Management Section - Aging Analysis (Past Due But Performing) ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	€ 836,747	€ 834,170
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	4,352	3,970
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Past due for 1-30 days [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	3,464	3,368
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Past due for 31-60 days [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	724	532
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Past due for 61-90 days [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	€ 163	€ 70

XML

Risk Management Section - Aging Analysis (Past Due But Performing) ING Bank consumer lending portfolio by geographic area, outstandings (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	€ 836,747	€ 834,170
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	4,352	3,970
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1	1
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	3	2
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1	2
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	251	540
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1,671	1,444
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	497	251
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1,062	947
ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	866	€ 783
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	3,225
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	3
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	251
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1,123
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	407
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1,028
Residential Mortgages [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	411
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	1,127
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	0
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	0
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	0
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	0
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	547
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	89
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	35
Other retail [member] | ING Bank consumer lending portfolio, outstandings [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Financial assets	€ 455

XML

Risk Management Section - Non-performing Loans: ING Bank portfolio, outstandings by economic sector (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	€ 12,481	€ 13,597
Private Individuals [member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	4,094	4,382
Natural resources [Member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	1,742	1,387
Real estate [member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	1,523	1,808
Transportation & Logistics [member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	983	1,056
Builders & Contractors [member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	863	955
General Industries [Member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	612	710
Services [Member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	578	689
Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	570	705
Other [member]
Non performing Loans [line items]
Non Performing Loans	€ 1,516	€ 1,905

XML

Risk Management Section - Provisions: ING Bank portfolio (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	€ 546	€ 294
Amounts written off	(105)	(47)
Exchange rate or other movements	136	55
Closing balance	616	546
ING Bank portfolio [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	5,308	5,786
Amounts written off	(1,279)	(1,494)
Recoveries of amounts written off	59	94
Net addition to loan loss provisions	676	974
Exchange rate or other movements	(136)	(52)
Closing balance	4,628	5,308
Wholesale Banking [member] | ING Bank portfolio [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	2,147	2,371
Amounts written off	(566)	(625)
Recoveries of amounts written off	3	49
Net addition to loan loss provisions	284	367
Exchange rate or other movements	(92)	(15)
Closing balance	1,776	2,147
Retail Benelux [member] | ING Bank portfolio [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	1,884	2,199
Amounts written off	(519)	(681)
Recoveries of amounts written off	53	38
Net addition to loan loss provisions	117	347
Exchange rate or other movements	(2)	(19)
Closing balance	1,533	1,884
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | ING Bank portfolio [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Opening Balance	1,277	1,216
Amounts written off	(194)	(188)
Recoveries of amounts written off	3	7
Net addition to loan loss provisions	274	260
Exchange rate or other movements	(42)	(18)
Closing balance	€ 1,318	€ 1,277

XML

Risk Management Section - Provisions: ING Bank portfolio (Parenthetical) (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Provisions	€ 616	€ 546	€ 294
ING Bank portfolio [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Provisions	4,628	5,308	€ 5,786
ING Bank portfolio [member] | Due from Banks [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Provisions	8	11
ING Bank portfolio [member] | Contingent liabilities [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Provisions	€ 104	€ 119

XML

Risk Management Section - ING bank portfolio - Summary Forborne Assets (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 11,819.0	€ 14,880.0
% of total portfolio	1.60%	2.10%
Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 6,162.0	€ 7,776.0
% of total portfolio	2.10%	2.70%
Retail Banking [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 5,657.0	€ 7,104.0
% of total portfolio	1.30%	1.70%
Performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 5,849.0	€ 7,922.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	2,776.0	3,978.0
Performing [member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	3,074.0	3,944.0
Non-performing [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	5,969.0	6,958.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	3,386.0	3,799.0
Non-performing [member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Financial assets provisions [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 2,583.0	€ 3,159.0

XML

Risk Management Section - Schedule of Assets by Geographical Area - ING bank portfolio (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 11,819.0	€ 14,880.0
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	6,162.0	7,776.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,593.0	2,200.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	223.0	245.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	45.0	41.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	2,456.0	3,016.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	156.0	197.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,212.0	1,387.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	428.0	663.0
Wholesale Banking [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	49.0	27.0
Performing [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	5,849.0	7,922.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	2,776.0	3,978.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	816.0	1,100.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	105.0	103.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	23.0	13.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	867.0	1,496.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	84.0	112.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	584.0	709.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	291.0	445.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	7.0	0.0
Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	5,969.0	6,958.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	3,386.0	3,799.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	777.0	1,100.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	118.0	142.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	22.0	28.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,589.0	1,521.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	72.0	85.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | America [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	628.0	678.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	137.0	218.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 42.0	€ 27.0

XML

Risk Management Section - Schedule of Assets by Economic Sector - ING bank portfolio (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 11,819.0	€ 14,880.0
Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	6,162.0	7,776.0
Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,995.0	2,385.0
Real estate [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,467.0	1,775.0
Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	988.0	1,319.0
Builders & Contractors [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	435.0	429.0
General Industries [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	329.0	411.0
Services [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	289.0	414.0
Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	199.0	207.0
Utilities [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	177.0	259.0
Retail [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	82.0	49.0
Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	56.0	76.0
Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	51.0	12.0
Telecom [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	39.0	152.0
Other [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	55.0	290.0
Performing [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	5,849.0	7,922.0
Performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	2,776.0	3,978.0
Performing [member] | Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	743.0	1,232.0
Performing [member] | Real estate [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	824.0	1,015.0
Performing [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	398.0	685.0
Performing [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	174.0	269.0
Performing [member] | General Industries [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	140.0	112.0
Performing [member] | Services [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	137.0	198.0
Performing [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	139.0	141.0
Performing [member] | Utilities [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	9.0	58.0
Performing [member] | Retail [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	56.0	18.0
Performing [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	52.0	65.0
Performing [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	49.0	7.0
Performing [member] | Telecom [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	14.0	39.0
Performing [member] | Other [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	40.0	139.0
Non-performing [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	5,969.0	6,958.0
Non-performing [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	3,386.0	3,799.0
Non-performing [member] | Natural resources [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,251.0	1,152.0
Non-performing [member] | Real estate [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	643.0	759.0
Non-performing [member] | Transportation & Logistics [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	590.0	634.0
Non-performing [member] | Builders & Contractors [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	261.0	160.0
Non-performing [member] | General Industries [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	189.0	299.0
Non-performing [member] | Services [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	151.0	216.0
Non-performing [member] | Food, Beverages & Personal Care [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	60.0	66.0
Non-performing [member] | Utilities [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	168.0	201.0
Non-performing [member] | Retail [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	26.0	31.0
Non-performing [member] | Chemicals, Health & Pharmaceuticals [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	4.0	11.0
Non-performing [member] | Non-Bank Financial Institutions [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	3.0	5.0
Non-performing [member] | Telecom [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	25.0	114.0
Non-performing [member] | Other [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 15.0	€ 150.0

XML

Risk Management Section - Summary of Forborne Assets by Geographical Area (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 11,819.0	€ 14,880.0
Retail Banking [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	5,657.0	7,104.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	3,036.0	4,301.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,096.0	1,139.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	541.0	644.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	639.0	651.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1.0	1.0
Retail Banking [Member] | America [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1.0	3.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	2.0	1.0
Retail Banking [Member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	342.0	364.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	3,074.0	3,944.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,727.0	2,395.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	399.0	418.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	432.0	511.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	342.0	335.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	0.0	0.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | America [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	0.0	0.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	2.0	0.0
Performing Exposure [Member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	172.0	285.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	2,583.0	3,159.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Netherlands [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1,309.0	1,906.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Belgium [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	697.0	721.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Germany [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	109.0	132.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Rest of Europe [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	297.0	317.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Africa [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1.0	1.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | America [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	1.0	2.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Asia [Member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	0.0	1.0
Non-performing exposure [member] | Retail Banking [Member] | Australia [member]
Disclosure of financial assets [line items]
Forborne assets	€ 170.0	€ 79.0

XML

Risk Management Section - NII-at-Risk banking books per business - year 1 (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	€ (91)
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	33
Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		€ (60)
Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		224
Wholesale Banking [member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(185)
Wholesale Banking [member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	201
Wholesale Banking [member] | Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		(15)
Wholesale Banking [member] | Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		138
Retail Banking [Member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	17
Retail Banking [Member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(48)
Retail Banking [Member] | Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		(73)
Retail Banking [Member] | Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		(88)
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	101
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(133)
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		20
Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member] | Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		58
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(24)
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	€ 13
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		8
Corporate Line Banking [member] | Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		€ 116

XML

Risk Management Section - NII-at-Risk banking book per currency - year 1 (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		€ (60)
Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member] | Euro
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		(54)
Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member] | US Dollar
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		(14)
Instantaneous Floored Parallel Downward [Member] | Other currency
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		8
Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		224
Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member] | Euro
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		186
Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member] | US Dollar
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		19
Instantaneous Floored +100 bps [Member] | Other currency
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk		€ 19
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	€ (91)
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Euro
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(83)
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | US Dollar
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	10
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Other currency
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(19)
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	33
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Euro
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	9
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | US Dollar
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	(20)
Ramped Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Other currency
Net Interest Income at Risk [Line Items]
NII-At -Risk	€ 44

XML

Risk Management Section - NPV-at-Risk banking books per business (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	€ 926
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	309
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(492)
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(368)
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Corporate Line Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	1,476
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(2,073)
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(184)
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(468)
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(17)
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Corporate Line Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	€ (1,404)
Floored Parallel Downward [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		€ 61
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(157)
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(224)
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		328
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Corporate Line Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		115
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(1,926)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Wholesale Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(19)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Retail Banking [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(287)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Retail Challengers & Growth Markets [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(435)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Corporate Line Banking [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		€ (1,186)

XML

Risk Management Section - NPV-at-Risk banking books per accounting category (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	€ 926
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Amortised Costs [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(2,390)
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Available for sale [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	2,839
Unfloored Parallel Downward [Member] | Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	476
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(2,073)
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Amortised Costs [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	1,052
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Available for sale [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	(2,719)
Unfloored Parallel Upward [Member] | Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk	€ (406)
Floored Parallel Downward [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		€ 61
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Amortised Costs [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		114
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Available for sale [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		115
Floored Parallel Downward [member] | Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(168)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(1,926)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Amortised Costs [Member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		248
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Available for sale [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		(2,153)
Floored Plus Hundred Bps [Member] | Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss [member]
Net Present Value At Risk [Line Items]
NPV-at-Risk		€ (21)

XML

Risk Management Section - BPV banking books per currency (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Basis point value (BPV)	€ (18,280)	€ (14,896)
Euro
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Basis point value (BPV)	(18,446)	(13,043)
US Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Basis point value (BPV)	(1,417)	(550)
Other currency
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Basis point value (BPV)	€ 1,583	€ (1,303)

XML

Risk Management Section - Net banking currency exposures banking books (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	€ 13,815	€ 13,396
US Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	2,491	3,133
Pound Sterling
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	667	573
Polish Zloty
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	1,780	1,344
Australian Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	977	532
Turkish Lira
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	1,828	2,063
Chinese Yuan
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	2,762	2,851
South Korean Won
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	137	179
Indian Rupee
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	937	714
Brazilian Real
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	211	253
Russian Rouble
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	395	364
Other currency
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	1,628	1,391
Foreign investments [Member]
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	19,390	19,792
Foreign investments [Member] | US Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	2,487	2,852
Foreign investments [Member] | Pound Sterling
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	667	701
Foreign investments [Member] | Polish Zloty
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	2,398	1,927
Foreign investments [Member] | Australian Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	3,769	3,856
Foreign investments [Member] | Turkish Lira
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	1,828	2,066
Foreign investments [Member] | Chinese Yuan
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	2,762	3,012
Foreign investments [Member] | South Korean Won
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	954	958
Foreign investments [Member] | Indian Rupee
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	937	714
Foreign investments [Member] | Brazilian Real
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	211	253
Foreign investments [Member] | Russian Rouble
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	549	589
Foreign investments [Member] | Other currency
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	2,828	2,863
Hedges [Member]
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	(5,576)	(6,396)
Hedges [Member] | US Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	4	280
Hedges [Member] | Pound Sterling
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books		(128)
Hedges [Member] | Polish Zloty
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	(618)	(584)
Hedges [Member] | Australian Dollar
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	(2,792)	(3,324)
Hedges [Member] | Turkish Lira
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books		(3)
Hedges [Member] | Chinese Yuan
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books		(161)
Hedges [Member] | South Korean Won
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	(817)	(779)
Hedges [Member] | Russian Rouble
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	(154)	(224)
Hedges [Member] | Other currency
Trading income (expense) [line items]
Net banking currency exposures banking books	€ (1,200)	€ (1,472)

XML

Risk Management Section - Summary of unrealised gain losses (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Unrealised gain losses on securities available for sale [Abstract]
Gross unrealised gains	€ 2,478	€ 2,675
Gross unrealised losses	(4)	(19)
Total	€ 2,474	€ 2,656

XML

Risk Management Section - Real Estate market risk exposure in banking books (by geographic area and sector type (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	€ 934	€ 1,109
Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure		1,108
Europe [member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	827	969
Americas [Member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	25	36
Australia [member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	0	0
Asia [Member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	0	0
Other continental [member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	82	104
Residential [Member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	72	104
Office [member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	785	895
Retail [member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	8	19
Industrial [member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	12	18
Other sectors [Member]
Real estate market risk [line items]
Real Estate market risk exposure	€ 57	€ 72

XML

Risk Management Section - VaR for Internal Model Approach trading portfolios (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	€ 5	€ 6
Interest rate risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	5
Equity price risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	2	4
Foreign exchange risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	1	2
Credit risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	7
Risk diversification effect [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	(6)	(12)
Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	5
Minimum [member] | Interest rate risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	3	3
Minimum [member] | Equity price risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	1	2
Minimum [member] | Foreign exchange risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	1	1
Minimum [member] | Credit risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	3	4
Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	9	22
Maximum [member] | Interest rate risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	8	10
Maximum [member] | Equity price risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	11
Maximum [member] | Foreign exchange risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	5
Maximum [member] | Credit risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	7	11
Average [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	6	11
Average [member] | Interest rate risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	5
Average [member] | Equity price risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	3	5
Average [member] | Foreign exchange risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	2	2
Average [member] | Credit risk [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	5	6
Average [member] | Risk diversification effect [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	€ (7)	€ (7)

XML

Risk Management Section - EU MR3: Internal Model Approach values for trading portfolios (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	€ 5	€ 6
Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	9	22
Average [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	6	11
Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	4	5
VaR (10 day 99%) [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	17	36
VaR (10 day 99%) [member] | Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	43	64
VaR (10 day 99%) [member] | Average [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	22	33
VaR (10 day 99%) [member] | Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	14	9
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%) [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	67	84
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%) [member] | Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	96	131
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%) [member] | Average [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	56	72
Stressed VaR (10 day 99%) [member] | Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	33	40
Incremental Risk Charge (99.9%) [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	78	120
Incremental Risk Charge (99.9%) [member] | Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	158	292
Incremental Risk Charge (99.9%) [member] | Average [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	114	207
Incremental Risk Charge (99.9%) [member] | Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk	78	120
Comprehensive Risk capital charge (99.9%) [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk
Comprehensive Risk capital charge (99.9%) [member] | Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk
Comprehensive Risk capital charge (99.9%) [member] | Average [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk
Comprehensive Risk capital charge (99.9%) [member] | Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Value at Risk historical simulation [Line Items]
value at risk

XML

Risk Management Section - EU MR1: Market risk under Standardised Approach (Detail) - Standardised approach (SA) [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Market Risk [Line Items]
RWA	€ 1,074	€ 1,081
Capital requirements	86	87
Foreign exchange risk [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
RWA	1,074	1,081
Capital requirements	€ 86	€ 87

XML

Risk Management Section - EU MR2-A: Market risk under Internal Model Approach (Detail) - Advanced Internal Rating Based (AIRB) [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Total
RWA	€ 3,604	€ 5,579
Capital requirements	€ 288	446
VaR (higher of values a and b) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	VaR (higher of values a and b)
RWA	€ 649	1,123
Capital requirements	€ 52	90
VaR (higher of values a and b) [member] | VaR (a) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Previous day's VaR (Article 365(1) (VaRt-1))
RWA	€ 209	449
Capital requirements	€ 17	36
VaR (higher of values a and b) [member] | VaR (b) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Average of the daily VaR (Article 365(1)) on each of the preceding sixty business days (VaRavg) x multiplication factor ((mc) in accordance with Article 366)
RWA	€ 649	1,123
Capital requirements	€ 52	90
SVaR (higher of values a and b) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	SVaR (higher of values a and b)
RWA	€ 1,750	2,546
Capital requirements	€ 140	204
SVaR (higher of values a and b) [member] | SVaR (a) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Latest SVaR (Article 365(2) (sVaRt-1))
RWA	€ 842	1,054
Capital requirements	€ 67	84
SVaR (higher of values a and b) [member] | SVaR (b) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Average of the SVaR (Article 365(2) during the preceding sixty business days (sVaRavg) x multiplication factor (ms) (Article 366)
RWA	€ 1,750	2,546
Capital requirements	€ 140	204
Incremental risk charge -IRC (higher of values a and b) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Incremental risk charge -IRC (higher of values a and b)
RWA	€ 1,205	1,910
Capital requirements	€ 96	153
Incremental risk charge -IRC (higher of values a and b) [member] | Incremental risk charge -IRC (a) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Most recent IRC value (incremental default and migration risks section 3 calculated in accordance with Section 3 articles 370/371)
RWA	€ 981	1,500
Capital requirements	€ 78	120
Incremental risk charge -IRC (higher of values a and b) [member] | Incremental risk charge -IRC (a) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Average of the IRC number over the preceding 12 weeks
RWA	€ 1,205	1,910
Capital requirements	€ 96	€ 153
Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (higher of values a, b and c) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM(higher of values a, b and c)
Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (higher of values a, b and c) [member] | Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (a) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Most recent risk number for the correlation trading portfolio (article 377)
Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (higher of values a, b and c) [member] | Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (b) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	Average of the risk number for the correlation trading portfolio over the preceding 12- weeks
Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (higher of values a, b and c) [member] | Comprehensive Risk Measure - CRM (c) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Risk measure	8 % of the own funds requirement in SA on most recent risk number for the correlation trading portfolio (Article 338(4))

XML

Risk Management Section - Most important foreign exchange year-end trading positions (Detail) - Foreign exchange risk [member] - EUR (€) € in Millions	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
US Dollar
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	€ (45)	€ 201
Romanian New Leu
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		45
Chinese Yuan
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		(40)
South Korean Won
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	26	(22)
Czech Koruna
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		€ 21
Polish Zloty
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	28
Japan, Yen
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	(21)
Taiwan, New Dollars
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	€ 21

XML

Risk Management Section - Most important interest rate and credit spread sensitivities at year-end (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Corporate Segment [Member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-331	-241
Corporate Segment [Member] | 1 (AAA) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-20	-3
Corporate Segment [Member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-5	-21
Corporate Segment [Member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-83	13
Corporate Segment [Member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-127	-126
Corporate Segment [Member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-78	-104
Corporate Segment [Member] | 14-16 (B) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-14	0
Corporate Segment [Member] | 17-22 (CCC and NPL) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-4	-1
Corporate Segment [Member] | Not rated [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	0	1
Financial institutions [Member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-618	-283
Financial institutions [Member] | 1 (AAA) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-233	-48
Financial institutions [Member] | 2-4 (AA) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-53	26
Financial institutions [Member] | 5-7 (A) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-87	-9
Financial institutions [Member] | 8-10 (BBB) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-151	-154
Financial institutions [Member] | 11-13 (BB) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-90	-88
Financial institutions [Member] | 14-16 (B) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-2	-9
Financial institutions [Member] | 17-22 (CCC and NPL) [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	-1	-2
Financial institutions [Member] | Not rated [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Credit spread sensitivities per risk class and sector at year-end	0	1
Interest rate risk [member] | Euro
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		€ (119)
Interest rate risk [member] | South Korean Won
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		(44)
Interest rate risk [member] | Polish Zloty
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	€ 47	(32)
Interest rate risk [member] | Indian Rupee
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		(23)
Interest rate risk [member] | Romanian New Leu
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		22
Interest rate risk [member] | US Dollar
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	141
Interest rate risk [member] | Russian Rouble
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	(66)
Interest rate risk [member] | Japan, Yen
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	61
Interest rate risk [member] | Taiwan, New Dollars
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	52
Credit spread [member] | United States [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	341	333
Credit spread [member] | Germany [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		173
Credit spread [member] | Belgium [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		74
Credit spread [member] | India [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	(78)	(38)
Credit spread [member] | Poland [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end		€ (38)
Credit spread [member] | Supranational [Member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	(92)
Credit spread [member] | France [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	63
Credit spread [member] | Netherlands [member]
Market Risk [Line Items]
Sensitivities at year-end	€ (60)

XML

Risk management section - ING Bank Funding Mix (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	100.00%	100.00%
Retail deposits [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	51.00%	51.00%
Corporate & other deposits [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	22.00%	21.00%
Interbank (incl. central bank) [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	5.00%	5.00%
Lending/repurchase agreement [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	6.00%	5.00%
Public debt [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	14.00%	16.00%
Subordinated debt [member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Funding type	2.00%	2.00%

XML

Capital Management - Additional Information (Detail) € / shares in Units, € in Billions, $ in Billions					12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2022	Jan. 01, 2019	Jan. 01, 2018	Aug. 31, 2017 € / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 EUR (€) € / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Confidence level percentage to calculate stress test					90.00%	90.00%
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required					9.02%	9.02%
Common equity Tier 1 ratio and a fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					14.70%	14.70%
Fully loaded in Tier 1 ratios (including grandfathered securities)					14.70%	14.70%	14.70%
Phased-in Tier 1 ratio (including grandfathered securities)					14.60%	14.60%	14.40%
Fully loaded total capital ratio (including grandfathered securities)					18.30%	18.30%	17.80%
Phased in total capital ratio (including grandfathered securities)					18.20%	18.20%	17.40%
Proposed cash dividend					€ 2.6
Proposed cash dividend, per ordinary share | € / shares					€ 0.67
Interim dividend paid | € / shares				€ 0.24
Final dividend payable, per ordinary share | € / shares				€ 0.43
Final dividend payable					€ 1.7
Common equity Tier 1 minimum requirements, excluding buffers					4.50%	4.50%
Tier 1 minimum requirements					6.00%	6.00%
Minimum capital ratio required					8.00%	8.00%
Minimum capital required					80.00%	80.00%
Risk weighted assets required					8.00%	8.00%
Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Decrease in Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 capital					16.30%	16.30%
Decrease in Fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					16.60%	16.60%
Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Decrease in Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 capital					16.20%	16.20%
Decrease in Fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					16.40%	16.40%
Grandfathered tier 1 bonds [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Redemption of bonds | $						$ 2.1
Tier 2 bonds [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Issue of bonds					€ 1.8
Tier 1 bonds [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Issue of bonds					0.0
Tier 2 private placement bonds [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Issue of bonds					0.4
Senior HoldCo[member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Issue of bonds					€ 5.6
Pillar 2 requirement [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required					1.75%	1.75%
Maximum Distributable Amount trigger level percentage					9.00%	9.00%
Maximum Distributable Amount trigger level, 2018					10.43%	10.43%
Maximum Distributable Amount trigger level, 2019					11.81%	11.81%
Capital Conservation Buffer [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required					1.25%	1.25%
Countercyclical Buffer [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required					0.02%	0.02%
Systemic Risk Buffer [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required					1.50%	1.50%
Events After Reporting Period [Member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
SREP required percentage			10.43%
TLAC risk-weighted assets mimimum percentage required	23.50%	21.50%
TLAC leverage ratio mimimum percentage required	6.75%	6.00%
Events After Reporting Period [Member] | Pillar 1 requirement [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
SREP required percentage			4.50%
Events After Reporting Period [Member] | Pillar 2 requirement [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
SREP required percentage			1.75%
Events After Reporting Period [Member] | Capital Conservation Buffer [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required		2.50%
SREP required percentage			1.875%
Events After Reporting Period [Member] | Countercyclical Buffer [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
SREP required percentage			0.06%
Events After Reporting Period [Member] | Systemic Risk Buffer [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required		3.00%
SREP required percentage			2.25%
ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Common equity Tier 1 ratio and a fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					13.10%	13.10%
Fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					11.81%	11.81%
Cash dividend paid					€ 3.2
ING Bank N.V. [member] | Maximum [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Decrease in Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 capital					19.30%	19.30%
Decrease in Fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					19.70%	19.70%
ING Bank N.V. [member] | Minimum [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Decrease in Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 capital					18.50%	18.50%
Decrease in Fully- loaded common equity Tier 1 ratio					19.10%	19.10%
ING Bank N.V. [member] | Tier 2 bonds [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Exchange of bonds					€ 1.0
ING Bank N.V. [member] | Pillar 1 requirement [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Transitional (phased-in) common equity Tier 1 required					4.50%	4.50%

XML

Capital Management - ING Capital Position (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Shareholders' equity		€ 49,144	€ 47,863	€ 49,144	€ 47,863	€ 45,610	€ 55,601
- Interim profit not included in CET1 capital		44		1,670
Additional Tier 1 securities		2,691	3,052	2,691	3,052
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds			7,347	8,995
ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Additional Tier 1 securities		3,123	3,542	3,123	3,542
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds			7,347	8,995
fully-loaded [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Shareholders' equity		48,429	47,257	48,429	47,257
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU	[1]	1,977	2,536	1,977	2,536
- Interim profit not included in CET1 capital	[2]			(1,670)	(1,629)
- Other adjustments		(3,186)	(3,596)	(3,186)	(3,596)
Regulatory adjustments				(4,856)	(5,225)
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		45,550	44,568	45,550	44,568
Additional Tier 1 securities	[3]	5,137	7,706	5,137	7,706
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		42	0	42	0
Available Tier 1 capital		50,729	52,274	50,729	52,274
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds	[4]			11,086	9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2				(2,517)	109
Available Total capital	[5]	59,298	61,871	59,298	61,871
Risk weighted assets		€ 309,887	€ 314,325	€ 309,887	€ 314,325
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		14.70%	14.18%	14.70%	14.18%
Tier 1 ratio		16.37%	16.63%	16.37%	16.63%
Total capital ratio		19.14%	19.68%	19.14%	19.68%
fully-loaded [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Shareholders' equity		€ 41,685	€ 41,004	€ 41,685	€ 41,004
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU	[1]	1,977	2,536	1,977	2,536
- Interim profit not included in CET1 capital				(44)	(617)
- Other adjustments		(3,043)	(3,548)	(3,043)	(3,548)
Regulatory adjustments				(3,087)	(4,165)
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		40,576	39,375	40,576	39,375
Additional Tier 1 securities	[6]	4,989	6,496	4,989	6,496
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		53	0	53	0
Available Tier 1 capital		45,618	45,871	45,618	45,871
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds	[7]			11,086	9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2				47	109
Available Total capital		56,751	55,467	56,751	55,467
Risk weighted assets		€ 309,287	€ 312,086	€ 309,287	€ 312,086
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		13.12%	12.62%	13.12%	12.62%
Tier 1 ratio		14.75%	14.70%	14.75%	14.70%
Total capital ratio		18.35%	17.77%	18.35%	17.77%
Phased-in [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Shareholders' equity		€ 48,429	€ 47,257	€ 48,429	€ 47,257
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU	[1]	1,977	2,536	1,977	2,536
- Interim profit not included in CET1 capital	[2]			(1,670)	(1,629)
- Other adjustments		(3,154)	(3,698)	(3,154)	(3,698)
Regulatory adjustments				(4,825)	(5,327)
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		45,581	44,466	45,581	44,466
Additional Tier 1 securities	[3]	5,137	7,706	5,137	7,706
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		(393)	(809)	(393)	(809)
Available Tier 1 capital		50,326	51,364	50,326	51,364
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds	[4]			11,086	9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2				(4,001)	(86)
Available Total capital	[5]	57,410	60,765	57,410	60,765
Risk weighted assets		€ 309,887	€ 314,325	€ 309,887	€ 314,325
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		14.71%	14.15%	14.71%	14.15%
Tier 1 ratio		16.24%	16.34%	16.24%	16.34%
Total capital ratio		18.53%	19.33%	18.53%	19.33%
Phased-in [member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Shareholders' equity		€ 41,685	€ 41,004	€ 41,685	€ 41,004
Differences IFRS-IASB and IFRS-EU	[1]	1,977	2,536	1,977	2,536
- Interim profit not included in CET1 capital				(44)	(617)
- Other adjustments		(3,017)	(3,661)	(3,017)	(3,661)
Regulatory adjustments				(3,061)	(4,278)
Available common equity Tier 1 capital		40,602	39,262	40,602	39,262
Additional Tier 1 securities	[6]	4,989	6,496	4,989	6,496
Regulatory adjustments additional Tier 1		(374)	(798)	(374)	(798)
Available Tier 1 capital		45,217	44,960	45,217	44,960
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds	[7]			11,086	9,488
Regulatory adjustments Tier 2				(44)	(86)
Available Total capital		56,259	54,362	56,259	54,362
Risk weighted assets		€ 309,287	€ 312,086	€ 309,287	€ 312,086
Common equity Tier 1 ratio		13.13%	12.58%	13.13%	12.58%
Tier 1 ratio		14.62%	14.41%	14.62%	14.41%
Total capital ratio		18.19%	17.42%	18.19%	17.42%

[1] Capital measures exclude the difference between IFRS-EU and IFRS-IASB as capital measures are based on IFRS-EU as primary accounting basis for statutory and regulatory deductions.

[2] The interim profit not included in CET1 capital as per 31 December 2017 (EUR 1,670 million) includes EUR 44 million for 4Q2017 (YTD 4Q2017: EUR 2,603 million) minus a ING Group interim dividend payment of EUR 933 million, which was paid out in 3Q2017.

[3] Including EUR 2,691 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016: EUR 3,052 million) and EUR 2,446 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016: EUR 4,654 million).

[4] Including EUR 8,995 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016: EUR 7,347 million), and EUR 2,091 million to be replaced (by Group instruments) as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016: EUR 2,141 million).

[5] Regulatory adjustments include the interpretation of the EBA Q&A published on 3 November 2017.

[6] Including EUR 3,123 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016 EUR 3,542 million), and EUR 1,866 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016 EUR 2,954 million).

[7] Including EUR 8,995 million which is CRR/CRD IV-compliant (4Q2016 EUR 7,347 million), and EUR 2,091 million to be replaced as capital recognition is subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules (4Q2016 EUR 2,141 million).

XML

Capital Management - ING Capital Position (Parenthetical) (Detail) - EUR (€) € in Millions	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Interim profit not included in CET	€ 44			€ 1,670
Interim profit not included in CET, before Interim dividend paid	2,603			2,603
Interim dividend paid		€ 933
Additional Tier 1 securities	2,691		€ 3,052	2,691
Additional Tier 1 securities subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules	2,446		4,654	2,446
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds			7,347	8,995
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules			2,141	2,091
ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
Additional Tier 1 securities	3,123		3,542	3,123
Additional Tier 1 securities subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules	€ 1,866		2,954	1,866
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds			7,347	8,995
Supplementary capital Tier 2 bonds subject to CRR/CRD IV grandfathering rules			€ 2,141	€ 2,091

XML

Capital Management - Main Credit Ratings of ING (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Standard And Poor [Member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
CreditRatingsOnLongtermDebtDescription	A-
Standard And Poor [Member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
CreditRatingsOnLongtermDebtDescription	A+
CreditRatingsOnShortTermDebtDescription	A-1
Moodys [Member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
CreditRatingsOnLongtermDebtDescription	Baa1
Moodys [Member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
CreditRatingsOnLongtermDebtDescription	Aa3
CreditRatingsOnShortTermDebtDescription	P-1
Fitch [Member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
CreditRatingsOnLongtermDebtDescription	A+
Fitch [Member] | ING Bank N.V. [member]
Disclosure of Capital Management [Line Items]
CreditRatingsOnLongtermDebtDescription	A+
CreditRatingsOnShortTermDebtDescription	F1