Risk-Management Activities - We are sensitive to changes in natural gas, crude oil and NGL prices, principally as a result of contractual terms under which these commodities are processed, purchased and sold. We are also subject to the risk of interest-rate fluctuation in the normal course of business. We use physical-forward purchases and sales and financial derivatives to secure a certain price for a portion of our natural gas, condensate and NGL products; to reduce our exposure to commodity price and interest-rate fluctuations; and to achieve more predictable cash flows. We follow established policies and procedures to assess risk and approve, monitor and report our risk-management activities. We have not used these instruments for trading purposes.

Commodity price risk - Commodity price risk refers to the risk of loss in cash flows and future earnings arising from adverse changes in the price of natural gas, NGLs and condensate. We may use the following commodity derivative instruments to reduce the near-term commodity price risk associated with a portion of the forecasted sales of these commodities:

•Forward contracts - Nonstandardized commitments between two parties to purchase or sell natural gas, crude oil or NGLs for future physical delivery. These contracts are typically nontransferable and can only be canceled with the consent of both parties;

•Swaps - Exchange of one or more payments based on the value of one or more commodities. These instruments transfer the financial risk associated with a future change in value between the counterparties of the transaction, without also conveying ownership interest in the asset or liability; and

•Options - Contractual agreements that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a fixed quantity of a commodity at a fixed price within a specified period of time. Options may either be standardized and exchange-traded or customized and nonexchange-traded.

We may also use other instruments, including collars, to mitigate commodity price risk. A collar is a combination of a purchased put option and a sold call option, which places a floor and a ceiling price for commodity sales being hedged.

In our Natural Gas Gathering and Processing segment, we are exposed to commodity price risk as a result of retaining a portion of the commodity sales proceeds associated with our POP with fee contracts. Under certain POP with fee contracts, our fees and POP percentage may increase or decrease if production volumes, delivery pressures or commodity prices change relative to specified thresholds. In certain commodity price environments, our contractual fees on these certain POP with fee contracts may decrease, which impacts the average fee rate in our Natural Gas Gathering and Processing segment. We also are exposed to basis risk between the various production and market locations where we buy and sell commodities. As part of our hedging strategy, we use the previously described commodity derivative financial instruments and physical-forward contracts to reduce the impact of price fluctuations related to natural gas, NGLs and condensate.

In our Natural Gas Liquids segment, we are primarily exposed to commodity price risk resulting from the relative values of the various NGL products to each other, the value of NGLs in storage and the relative value of NGLs to natural gas. We are also exposed to location price differential risk as a result of the relative value of NGL purchases at one location and sales at another location, primarily related to our optimization and marketing activities. As part of our hedging strategy, we utilize physical-forward contracts and commodity derivative financial instruments to reduce the impact of price fluctuations related to NGLs.

In our Natural Gas Pipelines segment, we are primarily exposed to commodity price risk on our intrastate pipelines because they consume natural gas in operations and retain natural gas from our customers for operations or as part of our fee for services provided. When the amount consumed in operations differs from the amount provided by our customers, our pipelines must buy or sell natural gas, or store or use natural gas inventory, which can expose this segment to commodity price risk depending on the regulatory treatment for this activity. To the extent that commodity price risk in our Natural Gas Pipelines segment is not mitigated by fuel cost-recovery mechanisms, we may use physical-forward sales or purchases to reduce the impact of natural gas price fluctuations. At September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, there were no financial derivative instruments with respect to our natural gas pipeline operations.

Interest-rate risk - We manage interest-rate risk through the use of fixed-rate debt, floating-rate debt and interest-rate swaps. Interest-rate swaps are agreements to exchange interest payments at some future point based on specified notional amounts. In March 2020, we settled $750 million of our forward-starting interest-rate swaps related to our underwritten public offerings of

$1.75 billion senior unsecured notes resulting in a loss of $152.5 million, which is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt. In May 2020, we settled the remaining $1.3 billion of our interest-rate swaps used to hedge our LIBOR-based interest payments resulting in a loss of $48.3 million, which was recognized into interest expense upon repayment of our $1.5 Billion Term Loan Agreement.

At September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, we had forward-starting interest-rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $1.1 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, to hedge the variability of interest payments on a portion of our forecasted debt issuances. At December 31, 2019, we had interest-rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $1.3 billion to hedge the variability of our LIBOR-based interest payments, all of which have settled as of September 30, 2020. All of our interest-rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges.

Accounting Treatment - Our accounting treatment of derivative instruments is consistent with that disclosed in Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report.

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments - See Note B for a discussion of the inputs associated with our fair value measurements. The following table sets forth the fair values of our derivative instruments presented on a gross basis for the periods indicated:


		September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Location in our Consolidated Balance Sheets	Assets		(Liabilities)		Assets		(Liabilities)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments		(Thousands of dollars)
Commodity contracts (a)
Financial contracts (b)	Other current assets	$	46,451	$	(60,373)	$	64,858	$	(26,997)
	Other deferred credits	—		—		1,591		(2,599)

Interest-rate contracts	Other current liabilities	—		—		—		(90,161)
	Other assets/other deferred credits	—		(231,991)		581		(111,780)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments		46,451		(292,364)		67,030		(231,537)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Commodity contracts (a)
Financial contracts (b)		408		(376)		—		—
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		408		(376)		—		—
Total derivatives		$	46,859	$	(292,740)	$	67,030	$	(231,537)

(a) - Derivative assets and liabilities are presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets on a net basis when a legally enforceable master-netting arrangement exists between the counterparty to a derivative contract and us.


		September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Contract Type	Purchased/ Payor		Sold/ Receiver		Purchased/ Payor		Sold/ Receiver
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Fixed price
- Natural gas (Bcf)	Futures	1.7		(40.9)		—		(59.0)

- Crude oil and NGLs (MMBbl)	Futures	15.3		(22.7)		7.9		(17.4)

Basis
- Natural gas (Bcf)	Futures	1.7		(40.9)		—		(59.0)
Interest-rate contracts (Billions of dollars)	Swaps	$	1.1	$	—	$	3.1	$	—

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Fixed price
- Natural gas (Bcf)	Futures	1.5		(1.5)		—		—
- Crude oil and NGLs (MMBbl)	Futures	0.2		(0.2)		—		—
Basis
- Natural gas (Bcf)	Futures	1.5		(1.5)		—		—

These notional amounts are used to summarize the volume of financial instruments; however, they do not reflect the extent to which the positions offset one another and, consequently, do not reflect our actual exposure to market or credit risk.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(Thousands of dollars)
Commodity contracts	$	(29,667)	$	32,169	$	18,472	$	43,877
Interest-rate contracts	9,213		(128,041)		(237,200)		(303,351)
Total unrealized change in fair value of cash flow hedges in other comprehensive loss	$	(20,454)	$	(95,872)	$	(218,728)	$	(259,474)


	Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss into Net Income	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
		2020		2019		2020		2019
		(Thousands of dollars)
Commodity contracts	Commodity sales revenues	$	2,167	$	38,234	$	100,304	$	85,375
	Cost of sales and fuel	(1,568)		(19,706)		(31,057)		(32,751)
Interest-rate contracts (a)	Interest expense	(8,998)		(6,903)		(83,817)		(14,222)
Total change in fair value of cash flow hedges reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income on derivatives		$	(8,399)	$	11,625	$	(14,570)	$	38,402

(a) - The nine months ended September 30, 2020, includes a loss of $48.3 million on the settlement of our remaining $1.3 billion interest-rate swaps used to hedge our LIBOR-based interest payments.

Credit Risk - We monitor the creditworthiness of our counterparties and compliance with policies and limits established by our Risk Oversight and Strategy Committee. We maintain credit policies with regard to our counterparties that we believe minimize overall credit risk. These policies include an evaluation of potential counterparties’ financial condition (including credit ratings, bond yields and credit default swap rates), collateral requirements under certain circumstances and the use of standardized master-netting agreements that allow us to net the positive and negative exposures associated with a single counterparty. We use internally developed credit ratings for counterparties that do not have a credit rating.

Our financial commodity derivatives are generally settled through a NYMEX or Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) clearing broker account with daily margin requirements. However, we may enter into financial derivative instruments that contain provisions that require us to maintain an investment-grade credit rating from S&P and/or Moody’s. If our credit ratings on our senior unsecured long-term debt were to decline below investment grade, the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request collateralization on derivative instruments in net liability positions. There were no financial derivative instruments with contingent features related to credit risk at September 30, 2020.

The counterparties to our derivative contracts typically consist of major energy companies, financial institutions and commercial and industrial end users. This concentration of counterparties may affect our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that the counterparties may be affected similarly by changes in economic, regulatory or other conditions. Based on our policies, exposures, credit and other reserves, we do not anticipate a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations as a result of counterparty nonperformance.