Acquisition

On June 24, 2016, we acquired Cascade Microtech pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of February 3, 2016 (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among us, Cascade Microtech and Cardinal Merger Subsidiary, Inc., an Oregon corporation and our wholly owned subsidiary. Cascade Microtech is an Oregon corporation that designs, develops, manufactures and markets advanced wafer probing, thermal and reliability solutions for the electrical measurement and testing of high performance semiconductor devices. Design, development and manufacturing operations are located in Oregon, United States and Munich and Dresden, Germany, and sales, service and support operations in North America, Germany, Japan, Taiwan, China and Singapore. The acquisition of Cascade Microtech transforms our business into a broader test and measurement market leader with significant scale and increased diversification and demand for the combined company’s products and technologies.

In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of Cascade Microtech common stock was canceled and converted into the right to receive $16.00 in cash, without interest, and 0.6534 of a share of FormFactor common stock. At the effective time of the merger (the “Effective Time”), each in-the-money Cascade Microtech stock option which was outstanding and vested prior to the Effective Time (or that vested as a result of the consummation of the merger) was canceled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the excess, if any, of $21.47 over the applicable per share exercise price of such option. Each out-of-the-money option to purchase shares of Cascade Microtech common stock was canceled without any cash payment. Also at the Effective Time, each Cascade Microtech restricted stock unit which was outstanding and vested immediately prior to the Effective Time (or that vested as a result of the consummation of the Merger) was canceled and converted into the right to receive an amount of cash (without interest) equal to $21.47 per share underlying such restricted stock unit.

Additionally, all of the equity awards originally granted by Cascade Microtech which were outstanding and unvested immediately prior to the consummation of the merger (and that did not vest as a result of the consummation of the merger) were assumed by us on substantially the same terms at the Effective Time, except that the number of shares of our common stock that underlie the assumed award and the exercise price of any assumed option were determined pursuant to a formula intended to preserve the intrinsic value of the original award, resulting in the assumption of stock options exercisable for an aggregate of 152,276 shares of our common stock and restricted stock units representing 777,444 shares of our common stock as of the acquisition date. The fair value of the stock options assumed was determined using a Black-Scholes valuation model with market-based assumptions. The fair value of the restricted stock units assumed was $8.92 per unit, based on the FormFactor closing stock price on June 24, 2016. The fair value of unvested equity awards relating to future services, and not yet earned, will be recorded as operating expense over the remaining service periods. Option pricing models require the use of highly subjective market assumptions, including expected stock price volatility, which if changed can materially affect fair value estimates. See Note 14 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Stockholder’s Equity, for further details.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic No. 805, Business Combinations, with FormFactor treated as the acquirer. The acquired assets and liabilities of Cascade Microtech were recorded at their respective fair values including an amount for goodwill representing the difference between the acquisition consideration and the fair value of the identifiable net assets. As a result of the acquisition, Cascade Microtech shares ceased to trade on the NASDAQ Global Market effective June 24, 2016.

The total acquisition consideration of $325.1 million, net of cash acquired of $40.7 million was determined based on the terms of the Merger Agreement which consisted of the a) payment of $255.9 million in cash to former shareholders of Cascade Microtech, b) issuance of 10,450,189 shares of FormFactor's common stock to former shareholders of Cascade Microtech which was valued at the closing market price of $8.92 per share on June 24, 2016 and amounted to $93.2 million in the aggregate, c) payment of $12.8 million at the commencement of the third quarter of fiscal 2016, in cash, to Cascade Microtech outstanding and vested equity award holders, and d) $3.9 million attributable to the fair value of the assumed unvested equity awards for services performed by Cascade Microtech employees for the period leading up to the effective date of the acquisition.

During the three and six months ended June 25, 2016, we incurred approximately $2.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, in transaction costs related to the acquisition, which primarily consisted of investment banking, legal, accounting and valuation-related expenses. These expenses were recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our consolidated financial statement as of June 25, 2016 included the condensed consolidated balance sheet of Cascade Microtech as of June 24, 2016 whereas our condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 excluded the financial results of Cascade Microtech for the second quarter of fiscal 2016 as the one-day stub period between the acquisition of Cascade Microtech and the end of our second quarter of fiscal 2016 was deemed immaterial.

To finance a portion of the acquisition consideration, we entered into a credit agreement with certain lenders to provide a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate amount of $150 million. See Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Debt, for further details.

The acquisition price was allocated to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date of the acquisition based upon their respective fair values. Asset categories acquired included working capital, long-term assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets, including in-process research and development ("IPR&D"). The allocation of the acquisition price has been prepared on a preliminary basis and changes to that allocation may occur as additional information becomes available. The fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s best estimates and assumptions as of the reporting date and are considered preliminary pending finalization of valuation analyses pertaining to intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and tax liabilities assumed including calculation of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Changes to amounts recorded as assets or liabilities may result in corresponding adjustments to goodwill, recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities including changes to release of valuation allowance during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). Any such revisions or changes may be material as we finalize the fair values of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The table below summarizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands):



	Amount
Cash and cash equivalents	$	40,681
Accounts receivable	27,112
Inventory	35,915
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,249
Property, plant and equipment	19,875
Other long-term assets	818
Deferred revenue	(1,829		)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(22,901		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(43,344		)
Other long-term liabilities	(6,623		)
Total tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed	55,953
Intangible assets	152,053
Goodwill	157,786
Total acquisition price	$	365,792

The intangible assets as of the closing date of the acquisition included (in thousands):



	Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life (in years)
Developed technologies	$	91,100	5.3
Customer relationships	23,153		7.0
Order backlog	17,800		0.7
Trade names	7,600		3.7
In-process research and development	12,400
Total intangible assets	$	152,053

Indications of fair value of the intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition were determined using either the income, market or replacement cost methodologies. The intangible assets are being amortized over periods which reflect the pattern in which economic benefits of the assets are expected to be realized. Order backlog is expected to be fully amortized by the second quarter of fiscal 2017.

Identifiable intangible assets

Developed technology acquired primarily consist of Cascade Microtech’s existing technologies related to manufacturing wafer testing stations (150mm, 200mm, 300 mm), thermal chuck systems used in wafer testing stations for testing wafers at specific temperatures, engineering and production probes used in testing wafers as well as reliability test systems. A Multi-Period Excess Earnings (MPEE) Method was used to value the developed technologies. Along with the cash flow forecast associated with each developed technology, other key assumptions in MPEE method are remaining life of technology, technology migration pattern (or technology decay curve), level of R&D required to maintain the technology, discount rate and applicable tax rate. Using this approach, the estimated fair values were calculated using expected future cash flows from specific products discounted to their net present values at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate of return that resulted in a value of $91.1 million and will be amortized over their useful lives.

Customer relationships represent the fair value of future projected revenues that will be derived from the sale of products to existing customers of the acquired company. The fair value of the customer relationships is determined based on the With and Without Method and resulted in a value of $23.2 million which will be amortized over their useful lives. The With and Without Method is appropriate for valuing non-primary customer-related assets for which reasonable estimates can be made for both the time and resources required to recreate those assets, as well as the economic impact over the period of time in which the assets are recreated. The Without scenario incorporates lost revenue and lost profits over the period necessary to retain the asset. Key assumptions in this valuation are attrition rate, time to recreate customer relationships, composition of costs into fixed versus variable costs, tax rates and discount rates.

Trade names and trademarks are considered a type of guarantee of a certain level of quality or performance represented by the brands owned including the Cascade Microtech brand. Trade names and trademarks were valued using the “relief-from-royalty income” approach. This method is based on the assumption that in lieu of ownership, a market participant would be willing to pay a royalty in order to exploit the related benefits of this asset. Key assumptions involved in valuation of trade names include royalty rate, expected utilization of the trade names, tax rates and discount rates. The value of the trade names acquired was determined to be $7.6 million and will be amortized over their useful lives.

IPR&D represents the estimated fair values of incomplete Cascade Microtech research and development projects that had not reached commercialization stage and meet the criteria for recognition as IPR&D as described in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants IPR&D guide as of the date of the acquisition. In the future, the fair value of each project at the acquisition date will be either amortized or impaired depending on whether the projects are completed or abandoned. The fair value of IPR&D was determined using the MPEE method. For IPR&D, costs to complete the project and expected commercialization timeline are considered as key assumptions. This method reflects the present value of the projected cash flows that are expected to be generated by the IPR&D less charges representing the contribution of other assets to those cash flows. The value of the IPR&D was determined to be $12.4 million and the amortization will commence upon completion of the IPR&D projects.

Goodwill

The excess of purchase price over the fair value amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the amount of goodwill resulting from the acquisition. We believe the factors that contributed to goodwill include synergies that are specific to our consolidated business such as cost savings and operational efficiencies and the acquisition of a talented workforce that expands our expertise in business development and commercializing semiconductor test products, none of which qualify for recognition as a separate intangible asset. We do not expect any portion of this goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition has been recorded as a non-current asset and is not amortized, but is subject to an annual review for impairment.

The goodwill arising from the acquisition was preliminarily allocated to our reporting units based on the relative fair values of the expected incremental cash flows that the acquisition is expected to provide to each reporting unit within our reportable segments. The allocation of goodwill, which was prepared on a preliminary basis, may be subject to changes as additional information becomes available as the allocation was based on estimates and assumptions made by management at the time of acquisition. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Operating and reporting segments, and reporting units

Upon acquisition of Cascade Microtech, we re-evaluated our operating and reportable segments as well as our reporting units for goodwill impairment consideration in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topics Nos. 280, Segment Reporting and 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. See Note 20 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Operating Segments, for further details.

Pro forma consolidated results of operations

The following unaudited pro forma results of operations for the three and six months ended June 25, 2016 and June 27, 2015 presents the combined results of operations of FormFactor and Cascade Microtech as if the acquisition had been completed at the beginning of fiscal 2015. The pro forma information includes adjustments to amortization and depreciation for intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, adjustments to stock-based compensation expense, interest expense for the incremental indebtedness incurred, and interest income for the cash paid in connection with the transaction. The pro forma results for the six months ended June 27, 2015 includes non-recurring adjustments related to deferred tax asset valuation allowance release of $43.9 million which increases pro-forma net income, and acquisition-related transaction costs of $13.8 million and restructuring charges of $6.9 million which decreases pro-forma net income.

The pro forma results also include utilization of the net increase in the cost basis of acquired inventory and acquisition related expenses. The pro forma data are for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results of operations of the combined business had the acquisition actually occurred at the beginning of fiscal year 2015 and 2016 or of the results of future operations of the combined business. Consequently, actual results may differ from the unaudited pro forma information presented below (in thousands, except per share data):



	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 25, 2016		June 27, 2015			June 25, 2016			June 27, 2015
Revenues	$	120,112	$	109,929		$	208,526		$	212,500
Net Income (loss)	3,596		(20,868		)	(10,112		)	14,386
Net Income (loss) per share - basic	$	0.05	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.15	)	$	0.21
Net Income (loss) per share - Diluted	$	0.05	$	(0.30	)	$	(0.14	)	$	0.21