New Accounting Standards Implemented (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 28, 2018

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

New Accounting Standards Implemented

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. Defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit cost (net benefit cost) comprise several components that reflect different aspects of the Company’s financial arrangements as well as the cost of benefits provided to employees. Under previous U.S. GAAP, those components were aggregated for reporting in the financial statements and presented within the operating section of the income statement or capitalized into assets (inventories) when appropriate. The amendments in this update require the Company to report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented separately from the service cost component and below income from operations. Plan administrative expenses, which were previously included in service cost, are presented together with expected return on plan assets, as a component of Interest and other income, net. The amendments in this update also allow only the service cost component to be eligible for capitalization when applicable. The amendments in this update have been applied retrospectively for the presentation of the components of net benefit cost and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit cost. The adoption of this standard decreased operating income and increased interest and other income, net, each by $4 million and $9 million for the quarterly and year-to-date periods ended September 28, 2018, respectively, and increased operating income and decreased interest and other income, net, each by $3 million and $6 million for the quarterly and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2017, respectively. The adoption of this standard did not impact pre-tax income for the quarterly and year-to-date periods ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which provides additional guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments in this update provide new guidance to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities (collectively referred to as a ‘‘set’’) is not a business. The new guidance requires that, when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. The new guidance reduces the number of transactions that need to be evaluated as a business. The Company adopted this amendment as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements for the year-to-date period ended September 28, 2018.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as amended (commonly referred to as ASC 606), which replaces numerous requirements in U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers and significantly expanded the disclosure requirements for revenue arrangements. The new standard, as amended, was effective for the Company for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2018.

As discussed in Note 2, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition, the accounting standard in effect for periods ending prior to January 1, 2018. With the adoption of ASC 606, the Company recognizes sales over time by using the cost-to-cost method on most of its (i) contracts that were covered by the contract accounting standards under ASC 605 and (ii) fixed-price type contracts that require it to perform services that are not related to the production of tangible assets. Accordingly, the adoption of ASC 606 primarily impacted certain (i) contracts previously covered by contract accounting standards that recognized revenue using the units-of-delivery method and (ii) fixed-price type contracts for services that are not related to the production of tangible assets that recognized revenue on a straight-line basis over the contractual service period.

Based on contracts in process at December 31, 2017, the Company recorded, upon adoption of ASC 606, a net increase to retained earnings of $13 million, which includes the acceleration of net sales of approximately $380 million and the related cost of sales. The adjustment to retained earnings primarily relates to contracts previously accounted for under the units-of-delivery method, which is recognized under ASC 606 earlier in the performance period as costs are incurred, as opposed to when the units are delivered under ASC 605. In accordance with the modified retrospective transition provisions of ASC 606, the Company will not recognize any of the accelerated net sales and related cost of sales at January 1, 2018 in the Company’s statements of operations for any historical or future period.

The Company made certain presentation changes to its consolidated balance sheet on January 1, 2018 to comply with ASC 606. The components of contracts in process as reported under ASC 605, which included unbilled contract receivables and inventoried contract costs, have been reclassified as contract assets and inventories, respectively, after certain adjustments described below under ASC 606. The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in an increase in unbilled contract receivables (referred to as contract assets under ASC 606) primarily from converting contracts previously applying the units-of-delivery method to the cost-to-cost method with a corresponding reduction in inventoried contract costs. The remainder of inventoried contract costs, primarily related to work in process not controlled by the Company's customers, were reclassified to inventories. Additionally, under ASC 606, the Company capitalizes costs to fulfill a contract (i.e., non-recurring costs for contract-related activities that do not transfer a good or service to the customer) and costs to obtain a contract (i.e., commissions paid to third-party agents or representatives) to prepaid expense and other current assets or other assets (non-current). The Company amortizes costs to obtain a contract and costs to fulfill a contract in a pattern similar to the recognition of sales on the contracts that the capitalized costs relate to. The Company previously accounted for costs to fulfill a contract either as inventoried contract costs or expensed them as incurred. Costs to obtain a contract were generally expensed as incurred. Advance payments and billings in excess of costs and deferred revenue, previously classified in other current liabilities, have been combined and are presented as contract liabilities.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (U.S. Tax Reform). The new standard is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt ASU 2018-02 effective January 1, 2019. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this update intend to better align the Company's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedge relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The amendments in this update require the Company to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. Current U.S. GAAP provides for hedge accounting only for the portion of the hedge deemed to be highly effective and requires the Company to separately reflect the amount by which the hedging instrument does not offset the hedged item, which is referred to as the ineffective amount. The amendments in this update no longer require the Company to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. The new standard is effective for the Company for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. For cash flow hedges existing at the date of adoption, the Company is required to apply a cumulative effect adjustment relating to the separate measurement of ineffectiveness to the opening balance of retained earnings. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance is required only prospectively. The Company will adopt ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2019. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which updates the existing guidance on accounting for leases and requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the Company’s leasing activities. The new standard requires the Company to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases under which the Company is the lessee, including those classified as operating leases under previous accounting guidance. The Company will measure leases commencing after the adoption date based on the present value of the lease payments due over the lease term (as defined in ASU 2016-02). The Company will measure and recognize its existing leases on the date of adoption based on the present value of the remaining minimum lease payments, as defined in existing guidance on accounting for leases. The new standard, as amended, will be effective for the Company for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The standard currently allows two transition methods whereby the Company may elect either to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available, or to initially apply the new leases standard at January 1, 2019 and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company expects to adopt the standard as of January 1, 2019, by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at January 1, 2019, in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first quarter of 2019.

Progress implementing the new standard to date includes: (1) selecting a lease accounting system, (2) electing to apply the transition practical expedients that allows the Company to rely on historical assessments of whether its contracts contain a lease and to use the same lease classifications applied under existing accounting guidance and (3) accumulating the data required to measure existing leases and prepare required disclosures. While the Company will complete its determination of the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements in the first quarter of 2019, the Company does not expect ASU 2016-02 will have a material impact on its results of operations or cash flows. See Note 18 to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information about the Company’s leases, including the future minimum lease payments of the Company's operating leases at December 31, 2017. In addition, the Company is in the process of redrafting its accounting policies and internal controls over financial reporting relating to lease accounting, and drafting the expanded disclosures.

Other accounting standard updates effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2018, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.