Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Securities [Abstract]

Securities

Note 4. Securities

Available-for-Sale Securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell, but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

Held-to-Maturity Securities (“HTM”), which include any security for which the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the security’s estimated life. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities AFS and HTM at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are summarized as follow (in thousands):

	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
Available-for-sale:	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Treasury	$	84,307	$	—	$	(8,274)	$	76,033
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		46,983		1,256		(146)		48,093
Municipal securities		18,616		135		(475)		18,276
Other debt securities		36,863		93		(3,887)		33,069
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		254,288		588		(21,937)		232,939
Total	$	441,057	$	2,072	$	(34,719)	$	408,410

	December 31, 2023
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
Held-to-maturity:	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Treasury	$	150,066	$	—	$	(1,482)	$	148,584
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		49,336		—		(7,143)		42,193
Municipal securities		52,680		—		(6,178)		46,502
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		29,154		—		(3,895)		25,259
Total	$	281,236	$	—	$	(18,698)	$	262,538

	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
Available-for-sale:	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Treasury	$	241,506	$	—	$	(17,853)	$	223,653
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		1,593		—		(18)		1,575
Municipal securities		19,210		17		(616)		18,611
Other debt securities		32,959		—		(2,408)		30,551
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		233,948		6		(24,451)		209,503
Total	$	529,216	$	23	$	(45,346)	$	483,893

	December 31, 2022
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
Held-to-maturity:	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
U.S. Treasury	$	150,295	$	—	$	(5,613)	$	144,682
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		50,539		—		(8,037)		42,502
Municipal securities		53,694		—		(7,550)		46,144
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		31,421		—		(4,136)		27,285
Total	$	285,949	$	—	$	(25,336)	$	260,613

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, securities with a carrying value totaling approximately $358.3 million and $304.8 million, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded gross realized gains of $0, $155 thousand, and $64 thousand, and gross realized losses of $6.8 million, $11 thousand, and $19 thousand, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2022, the Company transferred $162.4 million, of AFS securities to the HTM category, reflecting the Company’s intent to hold those securities to maturity. Transfers of investment securities into the held-to-maturity category from the available-for-sale category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The related $2.0 million of unrealized holding loss that was included in the transfer is retained in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity securities. This amount will be amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the remaining life of the securities. This will offset the impact of amortization of the net premium created in the transfer. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer.

The Company has entered into various fair value hedging transactions to mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair values of available for sale securities. See Note 18 – Derivatives Financial Instruments for disclosure of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged securities.

The amortized cost and estimated market value of securities by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized		Fair
Available-for-sale:	Cost		Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,410	$	1,404
Due from one year to five years		61,431		56,124
Due from five years to ten years		113,703		107,904
Due after ten years		10,225		10,039
		186,769		175,471
Mortgage-backed securities		254,288		232,939
Total	$	441,057	$	408,410
Held-to-maturity:
Due in one year or less	$	150,066	$	148,585
Due from one year to five years		750		708
Due from five years to ten years		47,493		41,032
Due after ten years		53,773		46,954
		252,082		237,279
Mortgage-backed securities		29,154		25,259
Total	$	281,236	$	262,538

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater					Total
			Gross		Number			Gross		Number			Gross		Number
	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of
Available-for-sale:	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	—	—	$	76,033	$	(8,274)	9	$	76,033	$	(8,274)	9
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		9,743		(137)	3		1,482		(9)	3		11,225		(146)	6
Municipal securities		2,786		(2)	2		9,849		(473)	17		12,635		(475)	19
Other debt securities		2,986		(17)	2		29,057		(3,870)	26		32,043		(3,887)	28
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		16,401		(229)	8		176,351		(21,708)	88		192,752		(21,937)	96
Total	$	31,916	$	(385)	15	$	292,772	$	(34,334)	143	$	324,688	$	(34,719)	158
	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater					Total
			Gross		Number			Gross		Number			Gross		Number
	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of
Held-to-maturity:	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	—	—	$	148,584	$	(1,482)	4	$	148,584	$	(1,482)	4
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		—		—	—		42,194		(7,143)	13		42,194		(7,143)	13
Municipal securities		—		—	—		46,500		(6,178)	35		46,500		(6,178)	35
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		—		—	—		25,258		(3,895)	5		25,258		(3,895)	5
Total	$	—	$	—	—	$	262,536	$	(18,698)	57	$	262,536	$	(18,698)	57

	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater					Total
			Gross		Number			Gross		Number			Gross		Number
	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of
Available-for-sale:	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities
U.S. Treasury	$	134,414	$	(7,610)	9	$	89,239	$	(10,243)	11	$	223,653	$	(17,853)	20
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)		1,266		(14)	1		309		(4)	2		1,575		(18)	3
Municipal securities		13,146		(616)	20		—		—	—		13,146		(616)	20
Other debt securities		25,044		(1,866)	20		5,506		(542)	6		30,550		(2,408)	26
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		111,598		(8,968)	86		96,285		(15,483)	28		207,883		(24,451)	114
Total	$	285,468	$	(19,074)	136	$	191,339	$	(26,272)	47	$	476,807	$	(45,346)	183
	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Greater					Total
			Gross		Number			Gross		Number			Gross		Number
	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of	Fair		Unrealized		of
Held-to-maturity:	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities	Value		Losses		Securities
U.S. Treasury	$	144,683	$	(5,613)	4	$	—	$	—	—	$	144,683	$	(5,613)	4
U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)	$	13,048	$	(2,503)	3	$	29,451	$	(5,534)	10	$	42,499	$	(8,037)	13
Municipal securities		40,770		(6,387)	28		5,375		(1,163)	7		46,145		(7,550)	35
Mortgage-backed securities (GSEs)		—		—	—		27,285		(4,136)	5		27,285		(4,136)	5
Total	$	198,501	$	(14,503)	35	$	62,111	$	(10,833)	22	$	260,612	$	(25,336)	57

For any securities classified as AFS that are in an unrealized loss position at the balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether it intends to sell the security, or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis which would require a write-down to fair value through net income. Because the Company currently

does not intend to sell those AFS securities that have an unrealized loss at December 31, 2023, and it is not likely that they we will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has determined that no write-down is necessary. In addition, the Company evaluates whether any portion of the decline in fair value of AFS securities is the result of credit deterioration, which would require the recognition of an allowance for credit losses.  The unrealized losses associated with AFS securities at December 31, 2023, are driven by changes in interest rates and are not due to the credit quality of the securities, and accordingly, no allowance for credit losses is considered necessary related to AFS securities at December 31, 2023.  Management evaluates the financial performance of the issuers on a quarterly basis to determine if it is probable that the issuers can make all contractual principal and interest payments.

The unrealized losses in the Company’s HTM portfolio were caused by changes in the interest rate environment.  The Company has a zero-loss expectation for its U.S. treasury securities in addition to U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) and mortgage-backed securities (GSEs), and accordingly, no allowance for credit losses is estimated for these securities.  The HTM state and municipal securities are general obligation bonds which have a very low historical default rate due to issuers generally having unlimited taxing authority to service the debt.  All debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, continue to perform as scheduled and we do not believe there is a credit loss or a provision for credit losses is necessary.

The Company utilizes bond credit ratings assigned by third party ratings agencies to monitor the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity. At December 31, 2023, all debt securities classified as held-to-maturity were rated AA- or higher by the ratings agencies. Updated credit ratings are obtained as they become available from the ratings agencies.

Allowance for Credit Losses:

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, and based on the analysis of the underlying risk characteristics of its AFS and HTM portfolios, including credit ratings and other qualitative factors, there was no provision for credit losses related to AFS or HTM securities recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023, because the ACL was deemed immaterial.  

Other Investments:

Our other investments consist of restricted non-marketable equity securities that have no readily determinable market value. Accordingly, when evaluating these securities for impairment, management considers the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than recognizing temporary declines in value. As of December 31, 2023, the Company determined that there was no impairment on its other investment securities.

The following is the amortized cost and carrying value of other investments (in thousands):

	December 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Federal Reserve Bank stock	$	9,526	$	9,783
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,786		5,397
First National Bankers Bank stock		350		350
Total	$	13,662	$	15,530