10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549  

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

     For the quarterly period ended August 2, 2020

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

     For the transition period from          to          .

Commission File Number: 001-09232  

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York	13-5658129
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2401 N. Glassell Street, Orange, California	92865
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(714) 921-8800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10	VOLT	NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   x  Yes     ¨   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    x   Yes   ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x Smaller reporting company x Emerging growth company  ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  ¨    No x

As of September 4, 2020, there were 21,702,078 shares of common stock outstanding.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019		August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
NET REVENUE	$	185,941	$	233,176	$	610,982	$	738,682
Cost of services	155,983		197,528		517,360		629,078
GROSS MARGIN	29,958		35,648		93,622		109,604
EXPENSES
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245		38,395		106,931		117,144
Restructuring and severance costs	546		2,017		2,203		2,800
Impairment charges	2,384		79		2,395		426
OPERATING LOSS	(4,217)		(4,843)		(17,907)		(10,766)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Interest income (expense), net	(467)		(714)		(1,788)		(2,159)
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net	571		(151)		(23)		(252)
Other income (expense), net	(168)		(184)		(578)		(589)
TOTAL OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET	(64)		(1,049)		(2,389)		(3,000)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(4,281)		(5,892)		(20,296)		(13,766)
Income tax provision	556		165		774		671
NET LOSS	$	(4,837)	$	(6,057)	$	(21,070)	$	(14,437)
PER SHARE DATA:
Basic and Diluted:
Net loss	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)
Weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019		August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
NET LOSS	$	(4,837)	$	(6,057)	$	(21,070)	$	(14,437)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments net of taxes of $0 and $0, respectively	733		(565)		495		(586)
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	$	(4,104)	$	(6,622)	$	(20,575)	$	(15,023)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	August 2, 2020		November 3, 2019
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	30,928	$	28,672
Restricted cash and short-term investments	24,285		12,794
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $235 and $117, respectively	108,395		135,950
Other current assets	7,067		7,252
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	170,675		184,668
Property, equipment and software, net	23,706		25,890
Right of use assets - operating leases	40,146		—
Other assets, excluding current portion	6,802		7,446
TOTAL ASSETS	$	241,329	$	218,004
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accrued compensation	$	16,412	$	21,507
Accounts payable	27,010		36,341
Accrued taxes other than income taxes	10,292		11,244
Accrued insurance and other	19,077		24,654
Operating lease liabilities	7,552		—
Income taxes payable	955		1,570
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	81,298		95,316
Accrued payroll taxes and other, excluding current portion	21,099		12,029
Operating lease liabilities, excluding current portion	39,442		—
Deferred gain on sale of real estate, excluding current portion	—		20,270
Income taxes payable, excluding current portion	289		289
Deferred income taxes	11		17
Long-term debt, net	58,930		53,894
TOTAL LIABILITIES	201,069		181,815
Commitments and contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, par value $1.00; Authorized - 500,000 shares; Issued - none	—		—
Common stock, par value $0.10; Authorized - 120,000,000 shares; Issued - 23,738,003 shares; Outstanding - 21,702,078 shares and 21,367,821 shares, respectively	2,374		2,374
Paid-in capital	79,686		77,688
Accumulated deficit	(16,777)		(10,917)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(6,306)		(6,801)
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,035,925 and 2,370,182 shares, respectively	(18,717)		(26,155)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	40,260		36,189
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	241,329	$	218,004

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except number of share data)

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Common Stock $0.10 Par Value			Paid-in Capital		(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’  Equity
	Shares	Amount
BALANCE AT NOVEMBER 3, 2019	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	77,688	$	(10,917)	$	(6,801)	$	(26,155)	$	36,189
Effect of new accounting principle	—	—		—		22,216		—		—		22,216
Net loss	—	—		—		(10,808)		—		—		(10,808)
Share-based compensation	—	—		511		—		—		—		511
Issuance of common stock	—	—		(114)		(739)		—		846		(7)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		364		—		364
BALANCE AT FEBRUARY 2, 2020	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	78,085	$	(248)	$	(6,437)	$	(25,309)	$	48,465
Net loss	—	—		—		(5,425)		—		—		(5,425)
Share-based compensation	—	—		508		—		—		—		508
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(602)		—		(602)
BALANCE AT MAY 3, 2020	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	78,593	$	(5,673)	$	(7,039)	$	(25,309)	$	42,946
Net loss	—	—		—		(4,837)		—		—		(4,837)
Share-based compensation	—	—		414		—		—		—		414
Issuance of common stock	—	—		679		(6,267)		—		6,592		1,004
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		733		—		733
BALANCE AT AUGUST 2, 2020	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	79,686	$	(16,777)	$	(6,306)	$	(18,717)	$	40,260

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Common Stock $0.10 Par Value			Paid-in Capital		(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’  Equity
	Shares	Amount
BALANCE AT OCTOBER 28, 2018	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	79,057	$	9,738	$	(7,070)	$	(33,600)	$	50,499
Effect of new accounting principle	—	—		—		426		—		—		426
Net loss	—	—		—		(3,215)		—		—		(3,215)
Share-based compensation	—	—		(113)		—		—		—		(113)
Issuance of common stock	—	—		(35)		(206)		—		241		—
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		158		—		158
BALANCE AT JANUARY 27, 2019	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	78,909	$	6,743	$	(6,912)	$	(33,359)	$	47,755
Net loss	—	—		—		(5,165)		—		—		(5,165)
Share-based compensation	—	—		(95)		—		—		—		(95)
Issuance of common stock	—	—		(883)		(2,234)		—		3,077		(40)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(179)		—		(179)
BALANCE AT APRIL 28, 2019	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	77,931	$	(656)	$	(7,091)	$	(30,282)	$	42,276
Net loss	—	—		—		(6,057)		—		—		(6,057)
Share-based compensation	—	—		294		—		—		—		294
Issuance of common stock	—	—		(942)		(3,413)		—		4,080		(275)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(565)		—		(565)
BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2019	23,738,003	$	2,374	$	77,283	$	(10,126)	$	(7,656)	$	(26,202)	$	35,673

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$	(21,070)	$	(14,437)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,884		5,127
Operating lease asset amortization	6,024		—
Allowance (release) of doubtful accounts and sales allowances	4		(185)
Unrealized foreign currency exchange (gain) loss	796		(133)
Impairment charges	2,395		426
Amortization of gain on sale leaseback of property	—		(1,458)
Loss (gain) on dispositions of property, equipment and software	(287)		13
Share-based compensation	1,433		86
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	27,815		22,624
Other assets	1,011		895
Accounts payable	(9,507)		1,104
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(868)		(3,583)
Income taxes	(548)		(318)
Net cash provided by operating activities	13,082		10,161
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Sales of investments	659		213
Purchases of investments	(469)		(178)
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment, and software	399		43
Purchases of property, equipment, and software	(3,925)		(6,305)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,336)		(6,227)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayment of borrowings	(15,000)		(20,000)
Draw-down on borrowings	20,000		25,000
Debt issuance costs	(331)		(621)
Withholding tax payment on vesting of stock awards	(74)		(316)
Net cash provided by financing activities	4,595		4,063
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(463)		(633)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	13,878		7,364
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	38,444		36,544
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	52,322	$	43,908
Cash paid during the period:
Interest	$	1,858	$	2,367
Income taxes	$	1,445	$	1,174
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	30,928	$	36,031
Restricted cash included in Restricted cash and short-term investments	21,394		7,877
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	52,322	$	43,908

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Fiscal Periods Ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1: Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Volt Information Sciences, Inc. (“Volt” or the “Company”) have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019. The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in estimates are reflected in the period in which they become known. Accounting for certain expenses, including income taxes, is based on full year assumptions, and the financial statements reflect all normal adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the interim periods presented. The interim information is unaudited and is prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which provides for omission of certain information and footnote disclosures. This interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019.

NOTE 2: Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted by the Company

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The Company intends to apply ASU 2020-04 in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and does not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU 2018-13. ASU 2018-13 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Company does not anticipate a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 (ASC Topic 326), as clarified in ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11, and ASU 2018-19, amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. Under this model, an entity recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasted information rather than the current methodology of delaying recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which for the Company will be the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Although the impact upon adoption will depend on the financial instruments held by the Company at that time, the Company does not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements based on the instruments currently held and its historical trend of bad debt expense relating to trade accounts receivable.

Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Adopted by the Company

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the guidance in Topic 718 to include share-based payments for goods and services to non-employees and generally aligns it with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. ASU 2018-07 was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and the adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

6

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). This ASU requires that lessees recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms greater than twelve months in the statement of financial position and also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This ASU was effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 resulting in the Company recording right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows. For the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 3 - Leases.

All other ASUs that became effective for Volt in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 were not applicable to the Company at this time and therefore, did not have any impact during the period.  

NOTE 3: Leases

The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases on November 4, 2019 using the modified transition method without retrospective application to comparative periods. The Company elected the package of three practical expedients allowed for under the transition guidance. Accordingly, the Company did not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are/or contain leases; (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; or (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has also elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less.

The Company’s material operating leases consist of branch locations, as well as corporate office space. Our leases have remaining terms of 1 - 11 years. The lease term is the minimum of the non-cancelable period of the lease or the lease term inclusive of reasonably certain renewal option periods. Volt determines if an arrangement meets the criteria of a lease at inception, at which time it also performs an analysis to determine whether the lease qualifies as operating or financing. The Company does not currently have any finance leases.

Upon adoption, the Company recorded approximately $47.2 million of ROU assets and $52.0 million of lease liabilities related to operating leases in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. At transition, the ROU asset was measured at the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any deferred rent and cease-use liabilities. The Company also recognized a $22.2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the deferred gain on the sale and leaseback of real estate. This gain was previously being amortized at approximately $0.5 million per quarter as an offset to rent expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Since the Company has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, the impact is a reduction to our deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance, which resulted in no tax impact to the net change to equity.

Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. ROU assets represent Volt's right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company used its incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments not yet paid, the Company estimates incremental secured borrowing rates corresponding to the maturities of the leases.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from the lease components to which they relate, and instead account for each as a single lease component, for all underlying asset classes. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage or may vary for other reasons, such as payments for insurance, tax payments and other miscellaneous costs. The variable portion of lease payments is not included in the ROU assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expenses. Accordingly, all expenses associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease expenses.

Operating leases are included in Right of use assets - operating leases and Operating lease liabilities, current and long-term, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is included in Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the nine months ended August 2, 2020, cash paid for the amount that was included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $8.8 million and the ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities was $1.7 million.

7

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020
Operating lease expense	$	2,827	$	8,751
Sublease income	(394)		(1,183)
Variable lease expense	$	213	$	482
Total (1)	$	2,646	$	8,050

(1) The Company's short term lease expense was minimal.

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	8.1
Weighted average discount rate	6.3	%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of August 2, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year:	Amount
Remainder of 2020	$	2,786
2021	9,476
2022	7,901
2023	6,786
2024	5,595
Thereafter	28,150
Total future lease payments	$	60,694
Less: Imputed interest	13,700
Total operating lease liabilities	$	46,994

Maturities of operating leases accounted for under ASC 840 as of fiscal year-end 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year:	Amount
2020	$	11,782
2021	9,287
2022	7,457
2023	6,328
2024	5,486
Thereafter	28,422
Total future lease payments	$	68,762

NOTE 4: Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

All of the Company’s revenue and trade receivables are generated from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to the Company's customers at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The Company's revenue is recorded net of any sales or other similar taxes collected from its customers.

8

Revenue Service Types

Staffing Services

Volt’s primary service is providing contingent (temporary) workers to its customers. These services are primarily provided through direct agreements with customers, and Volt provides these services using its employees and, in some cases, by subcontracting with other vendors of contingent workers. Volt’s costs in providing these services consist of the wages and benefits provided to the contingent workers as well as the recruiting costs, payroll department costs and other administrative costs.

Direct Placement Services

Direct placement services include providing qualified candidates to the Company's customers to hire on a permanent basis. Direct placement revenue is recognized net of a reserve for permanent placement candidates that do not remain with the customer through the contingency period, which is typically 60 days or less. This contingency is estimated based on historical data and recorded as a refund liability.

Managed Service Programs ("MSP")

The Company's MSP programs provide comprehensive solutions for delivery of contingent labor for assignment to customers, including supplier and worker sourcing, selecting, qualifying, on/off-boarding, time and expense recordation, reporting and approved invoicing and payment processing procedures. The Company’s fee for these MSP services is a fixed percentage of the staffing services spend that is managed through the program.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table presents our segment revenues disaggregated by service type (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	178,829	$	153,642	$	18,829	$	6,313	$	149	$	(104)
Direct Placement Services	2,587		1,069		935		583		—		—
Managed Service Programs	4,525		—		1,985		2,540		—		—
	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	163,397	$	154,123	$	—	$	9,358	$	—	$	(84)
International	22,544		588		21,749		78		149		(20)
	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	223,754	$	191,575	$	26,704	$	5,664	$	194	$	(383)
Direct Placement Services	3,679		2,066		1,137		697		—		(221)
Managed Service Programs	4,081		—		887		3,194		—		—
Call Center Services	1,662		—		—		—		1,662		—
	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	203,266	$	192,704	$	—	$	9,478	$	1,662	$	(578)
International	29,910		937		28,728		77		194		(26)
	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)

9

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	588,304	$	506,471	$	63,935	$	18,233	$	539	$	(874)
Direct Placement Services	8,966		4,021		2,818		2,127		—		—
Managed Service Programs	13,712		—		5,522		8,190		—		—
	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	535,949	$	508,439	$	—	$	28,323	$	—	$	(813)
International	75,033		2,053		72,275		227		539		(61)
	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	701,893	$	607,980	$	78,290	$	16,049	$	540	$	(966)
Direct Placement Services	10,633		6,380		3,179		2,073		—		(999)
Managed Service Programs	11,563		—		2,334		9,229		—		—
Call Center Services	14,593		—		—		—		14,593		—
	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	651,566	$	611,861	$	—	$	27,009	$	14,593	$	(1,897)
International	87,116		2,499		83,803		342		540		(68)
	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)

(1) Includes the revenues from Volt's Customer Care Solutions business through the time of exit in June 2019.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which they will recognize revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed. Unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts not meeting the aforementioned criteria are immaterial.

Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The Company records accounts receivable when its right to consideration becomes unconditional and records a sales allowance as a liability. As of August 2, 2020, the change in the reserve balance from November 3, 2019 was minimal. Contract assets primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for services provided that are conditional on satisfaction of future performance obligations. The Company records contract liabilities when payments are made or due prior to the related performance obligations being satisfied. The current portion of contract liabilities is included in Accrued insurance and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not have any material contract assets or long-term contract liabilities as of August 2, 2020 and November 3, 2019.

Economic Factors

The Company's operations are subject to variations in the economic condition and regulatory environment in their jurisdictions of operations. Adverse economic conditions may severely reduce the demand for the Company’s services and directly impact the

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revenue. In addition, the Company faces risks in complying with various legal requirements and unpredictable changes in both U.S. and foreign regulations which may have a financial impact on the business and operations.

The global spread of COVID-19, or coronavirus, has created significant volatility, uncertainty and global macroeconomic disruption. This was due to related government actions, non-governmental agency recommendations and public perceptions, and disruption in global economic and labor market conditions. Our business, results of operations and financial condition have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, and future adverse impacts could be material and are difficult to predict.

NOTE 5: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 were (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020
	Foreign Currency Translation
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at beginning of the period	$	(7,039)	$	(6,801)
Other comprehensive income	733		495
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at August 2, 2020	$	(6,306)	$	(6,306)

There were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019.

NOTE 6: Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments

Restricted cash primarily includes amounts related to requirements under certain contracts with managed service program customers, for whom the Company manages the customers’ contingent staffing requirements, including processing of associate vendor billings into single, combined customer billings and distribution of payments to associate vendors on behalf of customers, as well as minimum cash deposits required to be maintained as collateral. Distribution of payments to associate vendors is generally made shortly after receipt of payment from customers, with undistributed amounts included in restricted cash and accounts payable between receipt and distribution of these amounts, where contractually required. At August 2, 2020 and November 3, 2019, restricted cash included $4.0 million and $9.3 million, respectively, restricted for payment to associate vendors, and $0.5 million in both periods, restricted for other collateral accounts.

At August 2, 2020, restricted cash also included $16.9 million restricted under the Company’s long-term accounts receivable securitization program (“DZ Financing Program”) with DZ Bank AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank (“DZ Bank”). This cash was restricted as it supplemented collateral provided by accounts receivable towards the Company’s aggregate borrowing base usage of $84.5 million, inclusive of $60.0 million outstanding and $24.5 million in issued letters of credit as of August 2, 2020.

Short-term investments were $2.9 million and $3.0 million at August 2, 2020 and November 3, 2019, respectively. These short-term investments consisted primarily of the fair value of deferred compensation investments corresponding to employees’ selections, primarily in mutual funds, based on quoted prices in active markets.

NOTE 7: Income Taxes

The income tax provision reflects the geographic mix of earnings in various federal, state and foreign tax jurisdictions and their applicable rates resulting in a composite effective tax rate. The Company’s cumulative results for substantially all United States (“U.S.”) and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions for the most recent three-year period is a loss. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established for substantially all loss carryforwards and other net deferred tax assets for these jurisdictions, resulting in an effective tax rate that is significantly different than the statutory rate.

The Company adjusts its effective tax rate for each quarter to be consistent with the estimated annual effective tax rate, consistent with ASC 270, Interim Reporting, and ASC 740-270, Income Taxes – Intra Period Tax Allocation. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the full year where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the calculation of the estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company’s future effective tax rates could be affected by earnings being different than anticipated in countries with differing statutory rates, increases in recorded valuation allowances of tax assets, or changes in tax laws.

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The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes primarily includes foreign jurisdictions and state taxes. The income tax provision in the third quarters of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, primarily related to locations outside of the United States. For the first nine months ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019, the income tax provision was $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, primarily related to locations outside the United States. The Company’s quarterly provision (benefit) for income taxes is measured using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that occur within the periods presented.

The Company has analyzed the income tax impacts of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and has determined that it will not have a material impact to the Company.

NOTE 8: Debt

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and proceeds from its financing arrangements. Both operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under the Company’s financing arrangements are directly related to the levels of accounts receivable generated by its businesses. The Company’s operating cash flows consist primarily of collections of customer receivables offset by payments for payroll and related items for the Company’s contingent staff and in-house employees; federal, foreign, state and local taxes; and trade payables. The Company’s level of borrowing capacity under its financing arrangements increases or decreases in tandem with any change in accounts receivable based on revenue fluctuations.

The Company manages its cash flow and related liquidity on a global basis. The weekly payroll payments inclusive of employment-related taxes and payments to vendors are approximately $15.0 million. The Company generally targets minimum global liquidity to be approximately 1.5 times its average weekly requirements. The Company also maintains minimum effective cash balances in foreign operations and uses a multi-currency netting and overdraft facility for its European entities to further minimize overseas cash requirements.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the CARES Act which, among other things, permits the deferral of the employer’s portion of social security tax payments between March 27, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Further as a result of the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company experienced a reduction in both weekly payroll and related tax payments of approximately $3.0 million per week.

The DZ Financing Program is fully collateralized by certain receivables of the Company that are sold to a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. To finance the purchase of such receivables, that subsidiary may request that DZ Bank make loans from time-to-time to that subsidiary which are secured by liens on those receivables.

On July 19, 2019, the Company amended and restated its DZ Financing Program, which was originally executed on January 25, 2018. The restated agreement allows for the inclusion of certain accounts receivable from originators in the United Kingdom, which added an additional $5.0 - $7.0 million in borrowing availability. All other material terms and conditions of the original agreement remain substantially unchanged.

On January 14, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to (1) extend the Amortization Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from January 25, 2021 to January 25, 2023; (2) extend the Facility Maturity Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from July 25, 2021 to July 25, 2023; and (3) revise an existing covenant to maintain positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 

On March 12, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to revise an existing covenant to maintain a Tangible Net Worth (“TNW”), as defined, from $40.0 million to $35.0 million through the Company’s fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2020 and at least $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.    

On June 11, 2020, the Company amended the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to (1) replace an existing TNW covenant requirement, as defined, to a minimum TNW of $20.0 million through the Company's fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter, and (2) reduce the Maximum Facility Amount, as defined, from $115.0 million to $100.0 million. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.  

Loan advances may be made under the DZ Financing Program through January 25, 2023 and all loans will mature no later than July 25, 2023. Loans will accrue interest (i) with respect to loans that are funded through the issuance of commercial paper notes, at the commercial paper (“CP”) rate, and (ii) otherwise, at a rate per annum equal to adjusted LIBOR. The CP rate will be based on the rates paid by the applicable lender on notes it issues to fund related loans. Adjusted LIBOR is based on LIBOR for the applicable interest period and the rate prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for determining the reserve requirements with

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respect to Eurocurrency funding. If an event of default occurs, all loans shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the prime rate (the federal funds rate plus 3%) plus 2.5%.

The DZ Financing Program also includes a letter of credit sub-facility with a sub-limit of $35.0 million. As of August 2, 2020, the letter of credit participation was $24.5 million inclusive of $23.3 million for the Company’s casualty insurance program and $1.2 million for the security deposit required under certain real estate lease agreements.

The DZ Financing Program contains customary representations and warranties as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The agreement also contains customary default, indemnification and termination provisions. The DZ Financing Program is not an off-balance sheet arrangement, as the bankruptcy-remote subsidiary is a 100%-owned consolidated subsidiary of the Company.

The Company is subject to certain financial and portfolio performance covenants under the DZ Financing Program, including (1) a minimum TNW, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, of at least $20.0 million through the Company's fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and at least $40.0 million for each quarter thereafter; (2) positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020; (3) maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio of 3:1; and (4) a minimum of $15.0 million in liquid assets, as defined under the DZ Financing Program. At August 2, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. At August 2, 2020, there was $5.1 million of borrowing availability, as defined under the DZ Financing Program.

At August 2, 2020, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the DZ Financing Program of $60.0 million with a weighted average annual interest rate of 2.0% during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2.8% for the first nine months of fiscal 2020. At July 28, 2019, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the DZ Financing program of $55.0 million, with a weighted average annual rate of 4.2% during both the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and the first nine months of fiscal 2019.

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

	August 2, 2020		November 3, 2019
Financing programs	$	60,000	$	55,000
Less:
Deferred financing fees	1,070		1,106
Total long-term debt, net	$	58,930	$	53,894

NOTE 9: Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019		August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
Numerator
Net loss	$	(4,837)	$	(6,057)	$	(21,070)	$	(14,437)
Denominator
Basic weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106
Diluted weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)
Diluted	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)

The diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 did not include the effect of potentially dilutive outstanding shares comprised of 1,006,798 RSUs (defined below), 331,944 stock options and 209,662 PSUs (defined below) because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. The diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended July 28, 2019 did not include the effect of potentially dilutive outstanding shares comprised of 632,240 RSUs, 636,664 stock options and 355,318 PSUs because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

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NOTE 10: Share-Based Compensation Plans

For the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended July 28, 2019, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively. These expenses are included in Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fiscal 2020 Awards

During fiscal 2020, the Company granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to executive management and, due to limited share availability under its long-term incentive plan, issued deferred cash awards to certain employees including executive management. The RSUs and cash awards vest in equal annual tranches over three years, provided the employees remain employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The grant date fair value for the RSUs is measured using the closing stock price on the grant date and the total grant date fair value was $0.7 million. The deferred cash awards totaled $2.2 million. In addition, due to limited share availability, cash payments in the aggregate amount of $0.4 million were made in lieu of equity awards to non-executive directors of the Company.

Fiscal 2019 Awards

During fiscal 2019, the Company granted performance stock units (“PSUs”) to executive management, RSUs to certain employees including executive management and its annual equity grant of RSUs to the Board of Directors.

The PSUs are eligible to vest in three equal tranches at the end of each performance period. Vesting of the PSUs is dependent on the achievement of the adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization margin percentage goals based on adjusted revenues at the end of each fiscal year of the one-year, two-year and three-year performance periods and provided that the employees remain employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The payout percentages can range from 0% to 150%. The RSUs for the employees vest in equal annual tranches over three years, provided the employees remain employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The RSUs for the Board of Directors vest one year from the grant date provided that the director provides continued service through the vesting date. The grant date fair value for the PSUs and RSUs is measured using the closing stock price on the grant date. The PSUs and RSUs had a total grant date fair value of approximately $1.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Fiscal 2018 Awards

During fiscal 2018, the Company granted PSUs and RSUs that are classified as a liability at fair value, which is computed using a Monte Carlo simulation and re-measured periodically based on the effect that the market condition has on these awards. The liability and corresponding expense is adjusted accordingly until the awards are settled. As of the third quarter ended August 2, 2020, the total fair value of the remaining PSUs and RSUs were minimal.

Summary of Equity and Liability Awards

The following tables summarize the activities related to the Company’s share-based equity and liability awards for the nine months ended August 2, 2020:

Performance Share Units	Number of	Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	376,986	$3.90
Forfeited	(40,311)	$3.38
Vested	(127,013)	$4.04
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	209,662	$3.91

Restricted Stock Units	Number of	Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	667,082	$3.86
Granted	625,909	$1.09
Forfeited	(4,387)	$3.79
Vested	(281,806)	$3.98
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	1,006,798	$2.11

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Stock Options	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	603,484	$6.28	6.81	$—
Forfeited	(60,615)	$8.22	—	$—
Expired	(210,925)	$6.59	—	$—
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	331,944	$5.73	7.22	$—
Unvested at August 2, 2020	44,394	$4.10	8.09	$—
Exercisable at August 2, 2020	287,550	$5.98	7.08	$—

For the nine months ended August 2, 2020, there was no exercise of stock options. As of August 2, 2020, total unrecognized compensation expense of $1.6 million related to PSUs, stock options and RSUs will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.2 years of which $0.3 million, $0.9 million, $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million are expected to be recognized in fiscal 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 11: Restructuring and Severance Charges

The Company incurred total restructuring and severance costs of $0.5 million and $2.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.8 million for the nine months ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019, respectively.

2020 Restructuring Plan

In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company approved a restructuring plan (the “2020 Plan”) as part of its strategic initiative to optimize the Company’s cost infrastructure. The 2020 Plan will leverage the global capabilities of the Company's staffing operations based in Bangalore, India and offshore a significant number of strategically identified roles to this location. The total costs incurred in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 in connection with the 2020 Plan were $1.1 million, consisting of $0.1 million in North American Staffing, $0.1 million in International Staffing and $0.9 million in the Corporate and Other category. As of August 2, 2020, the Company anticipates payments of $0.1 million will be made through the remainder of fiscal 2020.

2018 Restructuring Plan

On October 16, 2018, the Company approved a restructuring plan (the “2018 Plan”) based on an organizational and process redesign intended to optimize the Company’s strategic growth initiatives and overall business performance. In connection with the 2018 Plan, the Company incurred restructuring charges comprised of severance and benefit costs and facility and lease termination costs. The 2018 Plan was completed by the end of fiscal 2019. The total costs since inception through August 2, 2020 were $5.5 million, consisting of $1.1 million in North American Staffing, $0.4 million in International Staffing and $4.0 million in Corporate and Other.

Change in Executive Management

Effective June 6, 2018, Michael Dean departed from his role as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and is no longer a member of the Board of Directors. The Company and Mr. Dean subsequently executed a separation agreement, effective June 29, 2018. The Company incurred related severance costs of $2.6 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, which was payable over a period of 24 months.

Effective August 23, 2019, Paul Tomkins stepped down from his role as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The Company and Mr. Tomkins subsequently executed a separation agreement, effective September 11, 2019. The Company incurred related severance costs of $0.9 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, which is payable over a period of 12 months beginning November 2019.

Exit of Customer Care Solutions Business

In June 2019, the Company exited its customer care solutions business, which was reported as a part of the Corporate and Other category. This exit allows the Company to further strengthen its focus on its core staffing business and align its resources to streamline operations, improve cost competitiveness and increase profitability. As a result of this exit, the Company incurred restructuring and severance costs of $1.7 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2019.

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Other Restructuring Costs

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, there were other restructuring actions taken by the Company as part of its continued efforts to reduce costs and to offset COVID-19 related revenue losses. The Company recorded severance costs of $0.6 million primarily resulting from the elimination of certain positions.

Accrued restructuring and severance costs are included in Accrued compensation and Accrued insurance and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Activity for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	August 2, 2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,845
Cease use liabilities transferred to ROU assets	(1,964)
Liability at November 4, 2019	1,881
Charged to expense	2,203
Cash payments	(3,642)
Ending Balance	$	442

Upon adoption of ASC 842 Leases, $2.0 million of accrued restructuring related to the exit of leased real estate was reclassified as a reduction to the related ROU asset, per the accounting guidance. The remaining balance as of August 2, 2020 of $0.4 million, primarily related to Corporate and Other, includes $0.2 million related to the change in executive management, $0.1 million related to the 2020 Plan and $0.1 million related to other restructuring costs.

NOTE 12: Impairment Charges

Long-lived assets primarily consist of right-of-use assets, capitalized software costs, leasehold improvements and office equipment. The Company reviews these assets for impairment under Accounting Standards Codification 360 Property, Plant and Equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset (if any) are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment loss is recognized, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation techniques.

Due to the economic impact and continued uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain real estate rationalization decisions were made in the quarter resulting in the Company consolidating and exiting certain leased office locations throughout North America based on where the Company could be fully operational and successfully support its clients and business operations remotely. The changes in the use of these right-of-use assets triggered an impairment review and based on the results of this review, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2.4 million to reduce the carrying value of these assets to their estimated fair value. Significant assumptions used to estimate fair value were the current economic environment, real estate market conditions and general market participant assumptions.

Impairment charges incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 were $1.8 million for the North American Staffing segment and $0.6 million for the Corporate and Other category.

NOTE 13: Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company’s loss contingencies not discussed elsewhere consist primarily of claims and legal actions arising in the normal course of business related to contingent worker employment matters in the staffing services segments. These matters are at varying stages of investigation, arbitration or adjudication. The Company has accrued for losses on individual matters that are both probable and reasonably estimable.

Estimates are based on currently available information and assumptions. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination of whether a matter is reasonably estimable. The Company’s estimates may change and actual expenses could differ in the future as additional information becomes available.

NOTE 14: Related Party Transactions

For the nine months ended August 2, 2020, the Company provided staffing services in the aggregate amount of $130,000 to a company where Volt's Chairman of the Board, William J. Grubbs, serves as President.

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NOTE 15: Segment Data

We report our segment data in accordance with the provisions of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, aligning with the way the Company evaluates its business performance and manages its operations. Our current reportable segments are (i) North American Staffing, (ii) International Staffing and (iii) North American MSP. The non-reportable businesses are combined and disclosed with corporate services under the category Corporate and Other.

In June 2019, the Company exited its customer care solutions business, which was reported as a part of the Corporate and Other category. This exit allows the Company to further strengthen its focus on its core staffing business and align its resources to streamline operations, improve cost competitiveness and increase profitability. The Company’s other non-reportable businesses will continue to be combined and disclosed with corporate services under the category Corporate and Other.

Segment operating income (loss) is comprised of segment net revenue less cost of services, selling, administrative and other operating costs, restructuring and severance costs, and impairment charges. The Company allocates to the segments all operating costs except for costs not directly related to the operating activities such as corporate-wide general and administrative costs. These costs are not allocated because doing so would not enhance the understanding of segment operating performance and are not used by management to measure segment performance.

Financial data concerning the Company’s segment revenue and operating income (loss) as well as results from Corporate and Other are summarized in the following tables (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Cost of services	155,983		130,829		17,805		7,375		78		(104)
Gross margin	29,958		23,882		3,944		2,061		71		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245		19,053		3,312		1,117		7,763		—
Restructuring and severance costs	546		335		81		—		130		—
Impairment charges	2,384		1,803		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,217)		2,691		551		944		(8,403)		—
Other income (expense), net	(64)
Income tax provision	556
Net loss	$	(4,837)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Cost of services	197,528		164,809		24,181		7,053		2,089		(604)
Gross margin	35,648		28,832		4,547		2,502		(233)		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	38,395		24,346		4,023		1,382		8,644		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,017		121		182		—		1,714		—
Impairment charge	79		—		—		—		79		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,843)		4,365		342		1,120		(10,670)		—
Other income (expense), net	(1,049)
Income tax provision	165
Net loss	$	(6,057)

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	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Cost of services	517,360		435,646		60,117		22,212		259		(874)
Gross margin	93,622		74,846		12,158		6,338		280		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	106,931		66,905		10,845		4,149		25,032		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,203		761		192		—		1,250		—
Impairment charges	2,395		1,814		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(17,907)		5,366		1,121		2,189		(26,583)		—
Other income (expense), net	(2,389)
Income tax provision	774
Net loss	$	(21,070)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Cost of services	629,078		526,172		70,414		20,157		14,300		(1,965)
Gross margin	109,604		88,188		13,389		7,194		833		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	117,144		77,063		11,659		3,941		24,481		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,800		329		456		68		1,947		—
Impairment charges	426		—		—		—		426		—
Operating income (loss)	(10,766)		10,796		1,274		3,185		(26,021)		—
Other income (expense), net	(3,000)
Income tax provision	671
Net loss	$	(14,437)

(1) Revenues are primarily derived from Volt Customer Care Solutions business through June 7, 2019.

(2) The majority of intersegment sales results from North American Staffing segment providing resources to Volt Customer Care Solutions business.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of financial condition and results of operations is provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes to enhance the understanding of our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that involve expectations, plans or intentions (such as those relating to future business, future results of operations or financial condition, including with respect to the anticipated effects of COVID-19). You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan” and other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the MD&A included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 3, 2019, as filed with the SEC on January 15, 2020 (the “2019 Form 10-K”). References in this document to “Volt,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean Volt Information Sciences, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. The statements below should also be read in conjunction with the description of the risks and uncertainties set forth from time to time in our reports and other filings made with the SEC, including under Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of the 2019 Form 10-K and Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this report. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation except as required by law, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

Note Regarding the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have provided certain Non-GAAP financial information, which includes adjustments for special items and certain line items on a constant currency basis, as additional information for segment revenue, our consolidated net income (loss) and segment operating income (loss). These measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, measures prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and may be different from Non-GAAP measures reported by other companies. Our Non-GAAP measures are generally presented on a constant currency basis, exclude the impact of businesses sold or exited, the impact from the migration of certain clients from a traditional staffing model to a managed service model (“MSP transitions”) as the difference in revenue recognition accounting under each model could be misleading on a comparative period basis, and the elimination of special items. Special items generally include impairments, restructuring and severance costs, as well as certain income or expenses which the Company does not consider indicative of the current and future period performance. We believe that the use of Non-GAAP measures provides useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations because they permit evaluation of the results of operations without the effect of currency fluctuations or special items that management believes make it more difficult to understand and evaluate our results of operation.

Segments

Our reportable segments are (i) North American Staffing, (ii) International Staffing and (iii) North American MSP. All other business activities that do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments are aggregated with corporate services under the category Corporate and Other. Our reportable segments have been determined in accordance with our internal management structure, which is based on operating activities. We evaluate business performance based upon several metrics, primarily using revenue and segment operating income as the relevant financial measures. We believe segment operating income provides management and investors a measure to analyze operating performance of each business segment against historical and competitors’ data, although historical results, including operating income, may not be indicative of future results as operating income is highly contingent on many factors including the state of the economy, competitive conditions and customer preferences.

We allocate all support-related costs to the operating segments except for costs not directly relating to our operating activities such as corporate-wide general and administrative costs. These costs are not allocated to individual operating segments because doing so would not enhance the understanding of segment operating performance and such costs are not used by management to measure segment performance.

We report our segment information in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), which aligns with the way the Company evaluates its business performance and manages its operations.

In June 2019, the Company exited its customer care solutions business, which was reported as a part of the Corporate and Other category. This exit allows the Company to further strengthen its focus on its core staffing business and align its resources to streamline operations, improve cost competitiveness and increase profitability. The Company’s other non-reportable businesses will continue to be combined and disclosed with corporate services under the category Corporate and Other.

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Overview

We are a global provider of staffing services (traditional time and materials-based as well as project-based). Our staffing services consist of workforce solutions that include providing contingent workers, personnel recruitment services, and managed staffing services programs supporting primarily administrative and light industrial (commercial) as well as technical, information technology and engineering (professional) positions. Our managed service programs (“MSP”) involves managing the procurement and on-boarding of contingent workers from multiple providers. Until our exit from this business in June 2019, our customer care solutions business specialized in serving as an extension of our customers’ consumer relationships and processes including collaborating with customers, from help desk inquiries to advanced technical support.

As of August 2, 2020, we employed approximately 13,900 people, including 12,800 contingent workers. Contingent workers are on our payroll for the length of their assignment. We operate in approximately 60 of our own locations and have an on-site presence in over 50 customer locations. Approximately 88% of our revenue is generated in the United States. Our principal international markets include Europe, Canada and Asia Pacific locations. The industry is highly fragmented and very competitive in all of the markets we serve.

COVID-19

The global spread of COVID-19, which was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization ("WHO") on March 11, 2020, has created significant volatility, uncertainty and global macroeconomic disruption. Our business experienced significant changes in revenue trends at the mid-point of our second quarter of fiscal 2020 as market conditions rapidly deteriorated and continued to decline through the beginning of our third quarter of fiscal 2020. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, revenue has increased sequentially month over month as a result of a combination of existing customers returning to work, expanding business with existing clients and winning new customers.

Beginning in mid-March 2020, a number of countries and U.S. federal, state, and local governments issued stay-at-home orders requiring persons who were not engaged in essential activities and businesses as defined in those specific orders to remain at home. Many other countries and jurisdictions without stay-at-home orders required nonessential businesses to close or otherwise reduce operations. Our first priority, with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, was to ensure the health and safety of our employees, clients, suppliers and others with whom we partner in our business activities to continue our business operations in this unprecedented business environment. Our business was largely converted to a remote in-house workforce and remained open as we provided key services to essential businesses, both remotely and onsite at our customers’ locations.

We created a COVID-19 Incident Response Team, comprised of key senior leaders in the organization, to track and manage our COVID-19 activities, including monitoring the most up-to-date developments and safety standards from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, Occupational Safety and Health Administration and other key authorities. All internal and external information and communications relating to our COVID-19 safety protocols, FAQs, and reporting on COVID-19 incidents are managed by this central team. In addition to updating our external website, we actively shared information with clients and employees on how companies and workers can protect themselves via regular emails, conference and video calls and other digital communications. This same team is responsible for the planning of our Return to the Workplace activities. While certain locations remained fully operational throughout the pandemic, other offices have opened on a limited voluntary basis as we began the first phase of our return to work plan. Over the next several months, we intend to begin implementing the next phase of our plan to gradually open offices subject to federal, state and local regulations as well as guidance from the key authorities described above.

The impact on sales has and will vary for each segment based on different levels of COVID-19 related measures enacted across geographies, the varied customer industries we serve, as well as, the quality and capability of the talent provided to successfully work remotely to support the customers’ needs. In our largest segment, North American Staffing, essential businesses represented approximately 80% of the segment's portfolio of business and in our International Staffing segment most of our contractors were able to work from home during the lockdown.

We shifted our sales approach to include a response to the pandemic and secured new business wins in opportunities that arose as a direct result of COVID-19. These work orders included making face shields and masks to help protect our healthcare professionals, requests to meet the needs of additional cleaning requirements and safety protocols, as well as expanding into other COVID-19 impacted industries. Our focus on sales and recruitment has shifted to be centered around businesses that are actively hiring in the current environment, and these COVID-19 specific opportunities are likely to remain available throughout 2020 and may remain in some form into 2021 until a vaccine is available and widely distributed.

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Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, we were focused on reducing our operating expenses and as the impact of the pandemic began to unfold, we took additional measures to manage our costs, including:

•Reduced compensation for the CEO, CFO and members of the Board of Directors

•Managing our cost base through a combination of headcount reductions, furloughs and reduced hours

•Implemented an early halt on all domestic and international travel

•Eliminating most discretionary spending

•Continuing to negotiate reductions of committed spend

•Assessing our real estate footprint, including consolidating and exiting certain leased office locations throughout North America where we can be fully operational and successfully support our clients and business operations remotely

•Temporary suspension of the matching contributions under the Volt Information Sciences, Inc. Savings Plan

In addition, we continue to actively pursue further options to increase financial flexibility.

While our global business environment is and will continue to be in various stages of economic reopening based on local government restrictions, advice from healthcare authorities and public perceptions, we have continued to see a gradual increase in order activity and demand throughout the Company, including certain positive impacts of customers beginning to reopen previously shut down site operations. Although there is still significant uncertainty related to COVID-19, our ability to continue successfully serving our existing customers during this pandemic as well as our agility in responding to immediate and critical demands in new areas has allowed us to mitigate the more significant adverse impacts of this global environment to date.

Long-lived Assets

Long-lived assets primarily consist of right-of-use assets, capitalized software costs, leasehold improvements and office equipment. We review these assets for impairment under Accounting Standards Codification 360 Property, Plant and Equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses and a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses or insufficient income associated with the use of a long-lived asset or asset group. Other factors include a significant change in the manner of the use of the asset or a significant negative industry or economic trend. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be reviewed for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by each asset or asset group to its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset (if any) are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment loss is recognized, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation techniques.

Due to the economic impact and continued uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we began to assess our real estate footprint to evaluate potential opportunities for consolidation and downscaling. In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, certain initial decisions were made resulting in the Company exiting several leased office locations throughout North America by the end of the quarter. The changes in the use of these right-of-use assets triggered an impairment review whereby the undiscounted cash flows of each asset were compared to the current carrying values. The carrying values exceeded the cash flows for all assets which required the Company to subsequently perform a fair value assessment of each asset. Based on the results of this review, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2.4 million to reduce the carrying value of these assets to their estimated fair value in the third quarter of fiscal 2020.

The adverse impact COVID-19 will continue to have on our business, operating results, cash flows and overall financial condition is uncertain. In response, we are continuing to assess our real estate rationalization opportunities which may result in future impairment if we exit and/or consolidate additional locations.

Recent Developments

None

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Consolidated Results by Segment

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
(in thousands)	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Cost of services	155,983		130,829		17,805		7,375		78		(104)
Gross margin	29,958		23,882		3,944		2,061		71		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245		19,053		3,312		1,117		7,763		—
Restructuring and severance costs	546		335		81		—		130		—
Impairment charges	2,384		1,803		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,217)		2,691		551		944		(8,403)		—
Other income (expense), net	(64)
Income tax provision	556
Net loss	$	(4,837)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
(in thousands)	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Cost of services	197,528		164,809		24,181		7,053		2,089		(604)
Gross margin	35,648		28,832		4,547		2,502		(233)		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	38,395		24,346		4,023		1,382		8,644		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,017		121		182		—		1,714		—
Impairment charge	79		—		—		—		79		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,843)		4,365		342		1,120		(10,670)		—
Other income (expense), net	(1,049)
Income tax provision	165
Net loss	$	(6,057)

(1) Revenues are primarily derived from Volt Customer Care Solutions business through June 7, 2019.

(2) The majority of intersegment sales results from North American Staffing segment providing resources to Volt Customer Care Solutions business.

Results of Operations Consolidated (Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019)

Net revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $47.3 million, to $185.9 million from $233.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The net revenue decrease was primarily due to a decrease in our North American Staffing segment of $38.9 million, a decrease in our International Staffing segment of $7.0 million and a decrease in the Corporate and Other category of $1.8 million (related to the exit from our customer care solutions business in June 2019). Excluding $1.7 million of revenue from the customer care solutions business exited during fiscal 2019, $3.4 million related to MSP transitions and the negative impact of foreign currency fluctuations of $0.2 million, net revenue decreased $42.0 million, or 18.4%. While difficult to estimate an exact amount, approximately $43.0 million to $47.0 million of this decline is attributable to the impact of COVID-19 in the form of business shutdowns or reduced hours from some of our customers and remain at home orders from various states and municipalities.

Operating loss in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $0.6 million, to $4.2 million from $4.8 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Excluding the customer care solutions business exited during fiscal 2019, as well as restructuring and severance costs and impairment charges, operating loss decreased $1.0 million. This decrease in operating loss of $1.0 million was primarily the result of improvements in our North American Staffing segment of $0.3 million and the Corporate and Other category of $0.7 million. These improvements were partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in the North American MSP segment.

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Results of Operations by Segment (Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019)

Net Revenue

The North American Staffing segment revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $38.9 million, or 20.1%, to $154.7 million from $193.6 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Excluding $3.4 million in revenue from MSP transitions and $0.1 million in revenue to our customer care solutions business exited in June 2019, adjusted revenue decreased $35.4 million, or 18.6%. While difficult to estimate an exact amount, approximately $42.0 million to $45.0 million of this decline is attributable to the impact of COVID-19 in the form of business shutdowns or reduced hours from some of our customers and remain at home orders from various states and municipalities which was offset by expanding business with existing clients and winning new customers. The decrease was primarily experienced in our light industrial as well as administrative and office job categories.

The International Staffing segment revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $7.0 million, or 24.3%, to $21.7 million from $28.7 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to adjustments of work orders related to pending statutory legislation changes in the United Kingdom and decreases in France, partially offset by improvements in Belgium and Singapore. Excluding the negative impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $0.2 million, revenue decreased $6.8 million, or 23.9%.

The North American MSP segment revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $0.2 million, or 1.2%, to $9.4 million from $9.6 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 as COVID-19 headcount reductions in a small number of clients were offset by new business and increased demand in its payroll service business.

The Corporate and Other category revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $1.8 million, or 92.0%, to $0.1 million from $1.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 primarily as a result of our exit from the customer care solutions business in the beginning of June 2019.

Cost of Services and Gross Margin

Cost of services in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $41.5 million, or 21.0%, to $156.0 million from $197.5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Gross margin as a percent of revenue in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 increased to 16.1% from 15.3% in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. Excluding the customer care solutions business exited in fiscal 2019, margins increased to 16.1% from 15.5%. Our North American Staffing segment margin as a percent of revenue increased primarily due to a $0.7 million positive workers’ compensation claims experience in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and lower payroll tax rates. Our International Staffing segment margin as a percentage of revenue increased due to the decline in lower-margin business.

Selling, Administrative and Other Operating Costs

Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $7.2 million, or 18.6%, to $31.2 million from $38.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to cost reductions and COVID-19 restrictions on travel and working remotely, including $5.4 million in labor and related costs due to lower headcount and lower incentives, $0.7 million in lower travel expenses and smaller declines in consulting fees, facility related costs and supplies. In addition, the third quarter of fiscal 2019 included the amortization of a deferred gain on the sale of real estate of $0.5 million. As a percent of revenue, selling, administrative and other operating costs were 16.8% and 16.5% in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Restructuring and Severance Costs

Restructuring and severance costs in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $1.5 million, to $0.5 million from $2.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 primarily due to $1.4 million of costs incurred in connection with exiting our customer care solutions business in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

Impairment Charges

Impairment charges in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 increased $2.3 million, to $2.4 million from $0.1 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 primarily due to impairment charges related to consolidating and exiting certain leased office locations throughout North America based on where we can be fully operational and successfully support our clients and business operations remotely.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other expense in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased $0.9 million, to $0.1 million from $1.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2019 due to a decrease in non-cash foreign exchange losses primarily on intercompany balances and lower interest expense due to lower rates.

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Income Tax Provision

The income tax provisions of $0.6 million and $0.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily related to locations outside of the United States.

Consolidated Results by Segment

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
(in thousands)	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Cost of services	517,360		435,646		60,117		22,212		259		(874)
Gross margin	93,622		74,846		12,158		6,338		280		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	106,931		66,905		10,845		4,149		25,032		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,203		761		192		—		1,250		—
Impairment charges	2,395		1,814		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(17,907)		5,366		1,121		2,189		(26,583)		—
Other income (expense), net	(2,389)
Income tax provision	774
Net loss	$	(21,070)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
(in thousands)	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Cost of services	629,078		526,172		70,414		20,157		14,300		(1,965)
Gross margin	109,604		88,188		13,389		7,194		833		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	117,144		77,063		11,659		3,941		24,481		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,800		329		456		68		1,947		—
Impairment charges	426		—		—		—		426		—
Operating income (loss)	(10,766)		10,796		1,274		3,185		(26,021)		—
Other income (expense), net	(3,000)
Income tax provision	671
Net loss	$	(14,437)

(1) Revenues are primarily derived from Volt Customer Care Solutions business through June 7, 2019.

(2) The majority of intersegment sales results from North American Staffing segment providing resources to Volt Customer Care Solutions business.

Results of Operations Consolidated (Q3 2020 YTD vs. Q3 2019 YTD)

Net revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $127.7 million, to $611.0 million from $738.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The net revenue decrease was primarily due to decreases in our North American Staffing segment of $103.9 million, a decrease in the Corporate and Other category of $14.6 million (related to the exit from our customer care solutions business in June 2019) and a decrease in our International Staffing segment of $11.5 million. Excluding a $14.6 million revenue decline from the customer care solutions business exited during fiscal 2019, a $10.6 million decrease related to MSP transitions and the negative impact of foreign currency fluctuations of $1.1 million, net revenue decreased $101.4 million, or 14.2%. While difficult to estimate an exact amount, approximately $59.0 million to $67.0 million of this decline is attributable to the impact of COVID-19 in the form of business shutdowns or reduced hours from some of our customers and remain at home orders from various states and municipalities.

Operating loss in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 increased $7.1 million, to $17.9 million from $10.8 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Excluding the customer care solutions business exited during fiscal 2019, as well as restructuring and severance costs and impairment charges, operating loss increased $5.8 million. This increase in operating loss of $5.8 million was primarily the

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result of declines in our North American Staffing segment of $3.2 million, our North American MSP segment of $1.1 million and in the Corporate and Other category of $1.1 million.

Results of Operations by Segment (Q3 2020 YTD vs. Q3 2019 YTD)

Net Revenue

The North American Staffing segment revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $103.9 million, or 16.9%, to $510.5 million from $614.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Excluding $10.8 million in revenue from MSP transitions and $0.7 million in revenue to our customer care solutions business exited in June 2019, adjusted revenue decreased $92.4 million, or 15.3%. While difficult to estimate an exact amount, approximately $58.0 million to $65.0 million of this decline is attributable to the impact of COVID-19 in the form of business shutdowns or reduced hours from some of our customers and remain at home orders from various states and municipalities. In addition, the segment's revenue was impacted by lower demand from certain large customers, partially offset by growth from new and existing customers. The decrease was primarily experienced in our light industrial as well as administrative and office job categories.

The International Staffing segment revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $11.5 million, or 13.8%, to $72.3 million from $83.8 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 primarily due to adjustments of work orders related to pending statutory legislation changes in the United Kingdom and decreases in France partially offset by improvements in Belgium and Singapore. Excluding the negative impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $1.1 million, revenue decreased $10.4 million, or 12.6%.

The North American MSP segment revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 increased $1.2 million, or 4.4%, to $28.6 million from $27.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 as a result of new business and increased demand in its payroll service business.

The Corporate and Other category revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $14.6 million, or 96.4%, to $0.5 million from $15.1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 primarily as a result of our exit from the customer care solutions business in the beginning of June 2019.

Cost of Services and Gross Margin

Cost of services in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $111.7 million, or 17.8%, to $517.4 million from $629.1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Gross margin as a percent of revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 increased to 15.3% from 14.8% in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Excluding the customer care solutions business which we exited in June 2019, gross margin as a percent of revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 increased to 15.3% from 15.1% in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. Our North American Staffing segment margin as a percent of revenue increased primarily due to positive workers’ compensation adjustments and lower payroll tax expense as a percent of direct labor offset by other state-mandated benefit costs as a percent of revenue. This was partially offset by a decrease in direct hire revenue in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 and a decline in administrative fee revenue as a result of the exit from our customer care solutions business. Our International Staffing segment margin as a percentage of revenue increased due to the decline in lower-margin business. Our North American MSP segment margin decreased as a result of a higher mix of payroll service revenue and lower margins in the managed service business.

Selling, Administrative and Other Operating Costs

Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $10.2 million, or 8.7%, to $106.9 million from $117.1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to cost reductions and COVID-19 restrictions on travel and working remotely, including $8.7 million in labor and related costs due to lower headcount and incentives, $1.3 million in consulting fees, $0.8 million in travel expenses and smaller declines in facility related costs and supplies. These declines were partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense of $0.8 million. In addition, the first nine months of fiscal 2019 included amortization of a deferred gain on the sale of real estate of $1.5 million and a negative medical claims true-up of $0.3 million. As a percent of revenue, selling, administrative and other operating costs were 17.5% and 15.9% in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Restructuring and Severance Costs

Restructuring and severance costs in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $0.6 million, to $2.2 million from $2.8 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. The costs in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 were primarily due to our plan to leverage the global capabilities of our staffing operations based in Bangalore, India and offshore a significant number of strategically identified roles to this location, continued efforts to reduce costs and to offset COVID-19 related revenue losses. In the first nine months of fiscal 2019, restructuring and severance costs primarily included costs incurred in connection with exiting our customer care solutions business in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.

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Impairment Charges

Impairment charges in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 increased $2.0 million, to $2.4 million from $0.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019. In the first nine months of fiscal 2020, impairment charges primarily were related to consolidating and exiting certain leased office locations throughout North America based on where we can be fully operational and successfully support our clients and business operations remotely. In the first nine months of fiscal 2019, impairment charges primarily were related to impairment of equipment used in our customer care solutions business.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other expense in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 decreased $0.6 million, to $2.4 million from $3.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2019 due to a decrease in interest expense as a result of lower rates and a decrease in non-cash foreign exchange losses primarily on intercompany balances.

Income Tax Provision

The income tax provisions of $0.8 million and $0.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily related to locations outside of the United States.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and proceeds from our financing arrangements with DZ Bank AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank (“DZ Bank”). Borrowing capacity under this arrangement is directly impacted by the level of accounts receivable, which fluctuates during the year due to seasonality and other factors. Our business is subject to seasonality with our fiscal first quarter billings typically the lowest due to the holiday season and generally increasing in the fiscal third and fourth quarters when our customers increase the use of contingent labor. Generally, the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year are the strongest for operating cash flows. Our operating cash flows consist primarily of collections of customer receivables offset by payments for payroll and related items for our contingent staff and in-house employees; federal, foreign, state and local taxes; and trade payables. We generally provide customers with 15 - 45 day credit terms, with few extenuating exceptions, while our payroll and certain taxes are paid weekly.

We manage our cash flow and related liquidity on a global basis. We fund payroll, taxes and other working capital requirements using cash supplemented as needed from our borrowings. Our weekly payroll payments inclusive of employment-related taxes and payments to vendors are approximately $15.0 million. We generally target minimum global liquidity to be approximately 1.5 times our average weekly requirements. We also maintain minimum effective cash balances in foreign operations and use a multi-currency netting and overdraft facility for our European entities to further minimize overseas cash requirements. We believe our cash flow from operations and planned liquidity will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for the next twelve months.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act which, among other things, permits the deferral of the employer’s portion of social security tax payments between March 27, 2020 and December 31, 2020. The Company estimates approximately $23.0 million to $25.0 million of employer payroll taxes otherwise due in 2020 will be delayed with 50% due by December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50% by December 31, 2022. In addition, certain state governments have delayed payment of various state payroll taxes for a shorter period of time. State payroll taxes of approximately $5.5 million deferred from the second quarter of fiscal 2020 were paid in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company's payment of approximately $3.5 million of state payroll taxes will be deferred from the third quarter of fiscal 2020 with payments scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020.

Capital Allocation

We have prioritized our capital allocation strategy to strengthen our balance sheet and increase our competitiveness in the marketplace. The timing of these capital allocation priorities is highly dependent upon attaining the profitability objectives outlined in our plan and the generation of positive cash flow. We also see this as an opportunity to demonstrate our ongoing commitment to Volt shareholders as we continue to execute on our plan and return to sustainable profitability. Our capital allocation strategy includes the following elements:

•Maintaining appropriate levels of working capital. Our business requires a certain level of cash resources to efficiently execute operations. We estimate the minimum liquidity required to be approximately 1.5 times our weekly cash distributions on a global basis and must accommodate seasonality and cyclical trends;

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•Reinvesting in our business. We continue to execute on our company-wide initiative of disciplined reinvestment in our business including new information technology systems, which will support our front-end recruitment and placement capabilities as well as increase efficiencies in our back-office financial suite. We are also investing in our sales and recruiting process and resources, which are critical to drive profitable revenue growth;

•Deleveraging our balance sheet. By lowering our debt level, we will strengthen our balance sheet, reduce interest costs and reduce risk going forward;

Recent Initiatives to Improve Operating Income, Cash Flows and Liquidity

We continue to make progress on several initiatives undertaken to enhance our liquidity position and shareholder value.

On July 19, 2019, we amended and restated the DZ Financing Program, which was originally executed on January 25, 2018. The restated agreement allows for the inclusion of certain accounts receivable from originators in the United Kingdom, which added an additional $5.0 - $7.0 million in borrowing availability. This will improve available liquidity allowing us to continue to advance our capital allocation plan and will provide us with additional resources to execute our business strategy.

On January 14, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to (1) extend the Amortization Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from January 25, 2021 to January 25, 2023; (2) extend the Facility Maturity Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from July 25, 2021 to July 25, 2023; and (3) revise an existing covenant to maintain positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.    

On March 12, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to revise an existing covenant to maintain a Tangible Net Worth (“TNW”), as defined, from $40.0 million to $35.0 million through the Company’s fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2020 and at least $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.    

On June 11, 2020, the Company amended the DZ Financing Program to replace the existing TNW covenant requirement, as defined, to a minimum TNW of $20.0 million through the Company’s fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter. In addition to this change, the Company elected to reduce the Maximum Facility Amount, as defined, from $115.0 million to $100.0 million to better reflect our asset base level and reduce borrowing costs going forward. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.   

Entering fiscal 2020, we have significant tax benefits including federal net operating loss carryforwards of $207.2 million and U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards of $239.3 million, international NOL carryforwards of $9.3 million and federal tax credits of $53.5 million, which are fully reserved with a valuation allowance, and can be utilized against future profits. We also have capital loss carryforwards of $12.9 million, which we will be able to utilize against potential future capital gains that may arise in the near future. As of November 3, 2019, our U.S. federal NOL carryforwards will expire at various dates between 2031 and 2038 (with some indefinite), our U.S. state NOL carryforwards will expire at various dates between 2020 and 2038, our international NOL carryforwards will expire at various dates beginning in 2020 (with some indefinite), capital loss carryforwards will expire between 2020 and 2022 and federal tax credits will expire between 2020 and 2037.

As previously discussed, we approved a restructuring plan during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 (the "2020 Plan") as part of our strategic initiative to optimize cost infrastructure. The 2020 Plan will leverage the global capabilities of our staffing operations based in Bangalore, India and offshore a significant number of strategically identified roles to this location. The 2020 Plan affects approximately 125 employees. To date, we incurred a total pre-tax restructuring charge of approximately $1.1 million of severance and benefit costs in the first nine months of fiscal 2020. As a result of the offshoring under the 2020 Plan, along with executing on additional organizational cost savings initiatives during fiscal 2020, we estimate we will realize annualized net savings of approximately $14.0 million.

Liquidity Outlook and Further Considerations

As previously noted, our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and proceeds from our financing arrangements. Both operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under our financing arrangements are directly related to the levels of accounts receivable generated by our businesses. Our level of borrowing capacity under the long-term accounts receivable securitization program (“DZ Financing Program”) increases or decreases in tandem with any increases or decreases in accounts receivable based on revenue fluctuations.

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We experienced a decline in the demand for our services in the second half of March 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, our operating cash flow increased, and accounts receivable balances decreased as customer collections outpaced sales. This pattern is not sustainable in the event the pandemic continues at resurgence levels or an economic downturn continues for an extended period. However in the third quarter, sales and client payment patterns improved and we expect this trend to continue in the fourth quarter. We will continue to monitor default risks and diligently pursue payments from our customers consistent with original payment terms.

Many governments in countries and territories in which we do business have announced that certain payroll, income, and other tax payments may be deferred without penalty for a certain period of time as well as providing other cash flow related relief packages. We have determined that we will qualify for the payroll tax deferral which allows us to delay payment of the employer portion of payroll taxes and we are in the process of determining if we qualify for certain employment tax credits. If we qualify for such credits, the credits will be treated as government subsidies which will offset related operating expenses. At this time, we do not anticipate this to be material. As part of our working capital strategy to improve our cash flow needs in the short-term, especially in the next three to six months, we continue to actively monitor these relief packages to take advantage of all of those which are available to us.

In June 2019, we exited our customer care solutions business. This business previously contributed accounts receivable as collateral under the DZ Financing Program and its exit had a diminishing effect on our borrowing base under the DZ Financing Program.

At August 2, 2020, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the DZ Financing Program of $60.0 million. Borrowing availability, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, was $5.1 million and global liquidity was $31.2 million at August 2, 2020.

Our DZ Financing Program is subject to termination under certain events of default such as breach of covenants, including the financial covenants. At August 2, 2020, we were in compliance with all debt covenants. We believe, based on our current outlook, we will continue to be able to meet our financial covenants.

The following table sets forth our cash and global liquidity levels at the end of our last five quarters (in thousands):

Global Liquidity
	July 28, 2019		November 3, 2019		February 2, 2020		May 3, 2020		August 2, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents (a)	$	36,031	$	28,672	$	30,876	$	26,223	$	30,928
Total outstanding debt	$	55,000	$	55,000	$	55,000	$	60,000	$	60,000
Cash in banks (b)(c)	$	24,224	$	19,945	$	21,287	$	22,876	$	26,126
DZ Financing Program	16,416		22,271		11,302		4,202		5,122
Global liquidity	40,640		42,216		32,589		27,078		31,248
Minimum liquidity threshold	15,000		15,000		15,000		15,000		15,000
Available liquidity	$	25,640	$	27,216	$	17,589	$	12,078	$	16,248

a.Per financial statements.

b.Amount generally includes outstanding checks.

c.Amounts in the USB collections account are excluded from cash in banks as the balance is included in the borrowing availability under the DZ Financing Program. As of August 2, 2020, the balance in the USB collections account included in the DZ Financing Program availability was $22.0 million.

Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are summarized in the following table (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	13,082	$	10,161
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,336)		(6,227)
Net cash provided by financing activities	4,595		4,063
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(463)		(633)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	13,878	$	7,364

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Cash Flows - Operating Activities

The net cash provided by operating activities in the nine months ended August 2, 2020 increased $2.9 million from $10.2 million in the nine months ended July 28, 2019. This increase resulted primarily from an increase in net loss of $6.6 million partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization of $6.8 million, an increase in impairment charges of $2.0 million, higher equity compensation of $1.3 million and the absence of the amortization of a $1.5 million gain on sale of leaseback property in the first nine months of fiscal 2020. In addition, there was a $2.8 million decrease in cash provided by operating assets and liabilities, primarily from payment of accounts payable and accrued expenses partially offset by accounts receivable receipts.

Cash Flows - Investing Activities

The net cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended August 2, 2020 was $3.3 million, principally for purchases of property, equipment and software of $3.9 million, partially offset by proceeds of $0.4 million from the sale of property, equipment and software. The net cash used in investing activities in the nine months ended July 28, 2019 was $6.2 million, principally for the purchases of property, equipment and software of $6.3 million.

Cash Flows - Financing Activities

The net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended August 2, 2020 was $4.6 million as a result of a $5.0 million net drawdown of borrowing under the DZ Financing Program. The net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended July 28, 2019 was $4.1 million primarily due to a $5.0 million net drawdown of borrowings under the DZ Financing Program.

Financing Program

The DZ Financing Program is fully collateralized by certain receivables of the Company that are sold to a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. To finance the purchase of such receivables, that subsidiary may request that DZ Bank make loans from time-to-time to that subsidiary which are secured by liens on those receivables.

On July 19, 2019, we amended and restated our DZ Financing Program, which was originally executed on January 25, 2018. The restated agreement allows for the inclusion of certain accounts receivable from originators in the United Kingdom, which added an additional $5.0 - $7.0 million in borrowing availability. All other material terms and conditions of the original agreement remain substantially unchanged.

On January 14, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to (1) extend the Amortization Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from January 25, 2021 to January 25, 2023; (2) extend the Facility Maturity Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from July 25, 2021 to July 25, 2023; and (3) revise an existing covenant to maintain positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 

On March 12, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to revise an existing covenant to maintain a Tangible Net Worth (“TNW”), as defined, from $40.0 million to $35.0 million through the Company’s fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2020 and at least $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 

On June 11, 2020, the Company amended the DZ Financing Program to replace the existing TNW covenant requirement, as defined, to a minimum TNW of $20.0 million through the Company’s fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter. In addition to this change, the Company elected to reduce the Maximum Facility Amount, as defined, from $115.0 million to $100.0 million to better reflect our asset base level and reduce borrowing costs going forward. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.   

Loan advances may be made under the DZ Financing Program through January 25, 2023 and all loans will mature no later than July 25, 2023. Loans will accrue interest (i) with respect to loans that are funded through the issuance of commercial paper notes, at the CP rate, and (ii) otherwise, at a rate per annum equal to adjusted LIBOR. The CP rate will be based on the rates paid by the applicable lender on notes it issues to fund related loans. Adjusted LIBOR is based on LIBOR for the applicable interest period and the rate prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for determining the reserve requirements with respect to Eurocurrency funding. If an event of default occurs, all loans shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the prime rate (the federal funds rate plus 3%) plus 2.5%.

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The DZ Financing Program also includes a letter of credit sub-facility with a sub-limit of $35.0 million. As of August 2, 2020, the letter of credit participation was $24.5 million inclusive of $23.3 million for the Company’s casualty insurance program and $1.2 million for the security deposit required under certain real estate lease agreements.

The DZ Financing Program contains customary representations and warranties as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The agreement also contains customary default, indemnification and termination provisions. The DZ Financing Program is not an off-balance sheet arrangement, as the bankruptcy-remote subsidiary is a 100%-owned consolidated subsidiary of the Company.

The Company is subject to certain financial and portfolio performance covenants under the DZ Financing Program, including (1) a minimum TNW, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, of at least $20.0 million through the Company's fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and at least $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter; (2) positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020; (3) maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio of 3:1; and (4) a minimum of $15.0 million in liquid assets. as defined under the DZ Financing Program. At August 2, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. At August 2, 2020, there was $5.1 million of borrowing availability, as defined under the DZ Financing Program.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of August 2, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information in this section should be read in conjunction with the information on financial market risk related to non-U.S. currency exchange rates, changes in interest rates and other financial market risks in Part II, Item 7A., “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019.

Market risk is the potential economic gain or loss that may result from changes in market rates and prices. In the normal course of business, the Company’s earnings, cash flows and financial position are exposed to market risks relating to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. We limit these risks through risk management policies and procedures.

Interest Rate Risk

We centrally manage our debt and investment portfolios considering investment opportunities and risks, tax consequences and overall financing strategies. At August 2, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents on which interest income is earned at variable rates. At August 2, 2020, we had a long-term $100.0 million accounts receivable securitization program, which can be increased subject to credit approval from DZ Bank, to provide additional liquidity to meet our short-term financing needs.

The interest rates on these borrowings and financings are variable and, therefore, net interest expense and other expense are affected by the general level of U.S. and foreign interest rates. Based upon the current levels of cash invested and utilization of the securitization program, on a short-term basis, a hypothetical 1-percentage-point increase in interest rates would have increased net interest expense by $0.1 million and a hypothetical 1-percentage-point decrease in interest rates would have decreased net interest expense by $0.1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2020.

Foreign Currency Risk

We have operations in several foreign countries and conduct business in the local currency in these countries. As a result, we have risk associated with currency fluctuations as the value of foreign currencies fluctuates against the dollar, in particular the British Pound, Euro, Canadian Dollar and Indian Rupee. These fluctuations impact reported earnings.

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates also impact the U.S. dollar amount of our net investment in foreign operations. The assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect on the fiscal period balance sheet date. Income and expenses accounts are translated at an average exchange rate during the year which approximates the rates in effect on the transaction dates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The U.S. dollar strengthened relative to many foreign currencies as of August 2, 2020 compared to November 3, 2019. Consequently, stockholders’ equity increased $0.5 million as a result of the foreign currency translation as of August 2, 2020.

Based upon the current levels of net foreign assets, a hypothetical 10% devaluation of the U.S. dollar as compared to these currencies as of August 2, 2020 would result in an approximate $1.8 million positive translation adjustment recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. Conversely, a hypothetical 10% appreciation of the U.S. dollar as compared to these

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currencies as of August 2, 2020 would result in an approximate $1.8 million negative translation adjustment recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Volt maintains “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, Volt’s management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and Volt’s management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Volt has carried out an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of Volt’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Volt’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon their evaluation and subject to the foregoing, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Volt’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There have been no significant changes in Volt’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended August 2, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, the Company is subject to claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business, including payroll-related and various employment-related matters. Litigation currently pending against the Company relates to matters that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and the Company believes that such matters will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Since our 2019 Form 10-K, there have been no material developments in the material legal proceedings in which we are involved.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2019 Form 10-K, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial position and results of operations.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition has been and may continue to be adversely impacted by global public health epidemics, including the strain of coronavirus known as COVID-19, and future adverse impacts could be material and difficult to predict.

The global spread of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”), which was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has created significant volatility, uncertainty and global macroeconomic disruption due to related government actions (including declared states of emergency and quarantine, “shelter in place” or similar orders), non-governmental agency recommendations and public perceptions, and disruption in global economic and labor market conditions. These effects have had an adverse impact on our business, including reduced demand for our services, worker absences, client shutdowns and reduced operations, a reduction in bill rates and a shift of a majority of our workforce to remote operations. Other impacts of the spread of COVID-19 include continued or expanded closures of our clients’ facilities, the possibility our clients will not be able to pay for our services and solutions, or that they will attempt to defer payments owed to us, either of which could materially impact our liquidity.  Further, we may continue to experience adverse financial impacts if we cannot offset revenue declines with cost savings through expense-related initiatives, human capital management initiatives or otherwise. Additionally, the economic environment may have an adverse effect on the fair market rent of real estate properties which could impact our lease right of use assets especially if market values decline and we may be required to record impairment charges on our assets as a result of these adverse economic conditions.

We currently expect to see a measured increase in demand as the economy reopens over the next months, however the extent of this increase and the potential for subsequent and future decline in business demand from macroeconomics, shelter-in-place orders or other government actions is difficult to predict. As a result of these observed and potential developments, we expect our business, operations and financial results to continue to be negatively affected. 

There are no other material changes from the risk factors set forth in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2019 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report:

Exhibits	Description
3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended May 3, 2015 filed June 10, 2015; File No. 001-09232)
3.2	Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company, as amended through September 7, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 12, 2017; File No. 001-9232)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

33

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC.
Date: September 10, 2020	By:		/s/    Linda Perneau
		Linda Perneau
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: September 10, 2020	By:		/s/    Herbert M. Mueller
		Herbert M. Mueller
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: September 10, 2020	By:		/s/    Leonard Naujokas
		Leonard Naujokas
		Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

34

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A),

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Linda Perneau, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Volt Information Sciences, Inc.

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

(4)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: September 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Linda Perneau
		Linda Perneau President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A),

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Herbert M. Mueller, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Volt Information Sciences, Inc.

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

(4)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: September 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Herbert M. Mueller
		Herbert M. Mueller
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Volt Information Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 2, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Linda Perneau, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify that to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: September 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Linda Perneau
		Linda Perneau
		President and Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Volt Information Sciences, Inc. and will be retained by Volt Information Sciences, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Volt Information Sciences, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 2, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Herbert M. Mueller, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify that to my knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: September 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Herbert M. Mueller
		Herbert M. Mueller
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Volt Information Sciences, Inc. and will be retained by Volt Information Sciences, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Sep. 04, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Aug. 02, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Registrant Name	VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, INC.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0000103872
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--11-01
Entity Smaller Reporting Company	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		21,702,078

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
NET REVENUE	$ 185,941	$ 233,176	$ 610,982	$ 738,682
Cost of services	155,983	197,528	517,360	629,078
GROSS MARGIN	29,958	35,648	93,622	109,604
EXPENSES
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245	38,395	106,931	117,144
Restructuring and severance costs	546	2,017	2,203	2,800
Impairment charges	2,384	79	2,395	426
Operating income (loss)	(4,217)	(4,843)	(17,907)	(10,766)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Interest income (expense), net	(467)	(714)	(1,788)	(2,159)
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net	571	(151)	(23)	(252)
Other income (expense), net	(168)	(184)	(578)	(589)
TOTAL OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET	(64)	(1,049)	(2,389)	(3,000)
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(4,281)	(5,892)	(20,296)	(13,766)
Income tax provision	556	165	774	671
NET LOSS	$ (4,837)	$ (6,057)	$ (21,070)	$ (14,437)
Basic and Diluted:
Net loss (usd per share)	$ (0.22)	$ (0.29)	$ (0.98)	$ (0.68)
Weighted average number of shares (shares)	21,589	21,157	21,474	21,106

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
NET LOSS	$ (4,837)	$ (6,057)	$ (21,070)	$ (14,437)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments net of taxes of $0 and $0, respectively	733	(565)	495	(586)
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	$ (4,104)	$ (6,622)	$ (20,575)	$ (15,023)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustments, tax	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 30,928	$ 28,672
Restricted cash and short-term investments	24,285	12,794
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $235 and $117, respectively	108,395	135,950
Other current assets	7,067	7,252
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	170,675	184,668
Property, equipment and software, net	23,706	25,890
Right of use assets - operating leases	40,146
Other assets, excluding current portion	6,802	7,446
TOTAL ASSETS	241,329	218,004
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accrued compensation	16,412	21,507
Accounts payable	27,010	36,341
Accrued taxes other than income taxes	10,292	11,244
Accrued insurance and other	19,077	24,654
Operating lease liabilities	7,552
Income taxes payable	955	1,570
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	81,298	95,316
Accrued payroll taxes and other, excluding current portion	21,099	12,029
Operating lease liabilities, excluding current portion	39,442
Deferred gain on sale of real estate, excluding current portion	0	20,270
Income taxes payable, excluding current portion	289	289
Deferred income taxes	11	17
Long-term debt, net	58,930	53,894
TOTAL LIABILITIES	201,069	181,815
Commitments and contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, par value $1.00; Authorized - 500,000 shares; Issued - none	0	0
Common stock, par value $0.10; Authorized - 120,000,000 shares; Issued - 23,738,003 shares; Outstanding - 21,702,078 shares and 21,367,821 shares, respectively	2,374	2,374
Paid-in capital	79,686	77,688
Accumulated deficit	(16,777)	(10,917)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(6,306)	(6,801)
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,035,925 and 2,370,182 shares, respectively	(18,717)	(26,155)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	40,260	36,189
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$ 241,329	$ 218,004
Preferred stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Preferred stock, shares authorized (shares)	500,000	500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	120,000,000	120,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (shares)	23,738,003	23,738,003
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)	21,702,078	21,367,821
Treasury stock, shares (shares)	2,035,925	2,370,182

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Trade accounts receivable, allowances	$ 235	$ 117
Preferred stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Preferred stock, shares authorized (shares)	500,000	500,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, shares authorized (shares)	120,000,000	120,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (shares)	23,738,003	23,738,003
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares)	21,702,078	21,367,821
Treasury stock, shares (shares)	2,035,925	2,370,182

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period Of Adoption, Adjustment	Common Stock	Paid-in Capital	(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings	(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings Cumulative Effect, Period Of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 50,499	$ 426	$ 2,374	$ 79,057	$ 9,738	$ 426	$ (7,070)	$ (33,600)
BEGINNING BALANCE (shares) at Oct. 28, 2018			23,738,003
BEGINNING BALANCE at Oct. 28, 2018	50,499	426	$ 2,374	79,057	9,738	426	(7,070)	(33,600)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	47,755	426	$ 2,374	78,909	6,743	426	(6,912)	(33,359)
Net loss	(3,215)				(3,215)
Share-based compensation	(113)			(113)
Issuance of common stock	0			(35)	(206)			241
Other comprehensive income (loss)	158						158
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Jan. 27, 2019			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Jan. 27, 2019	47,755		$ 2,374	78,909	6,743		(6,912)	(33,359)
BEGINNING BALANCE (shares) at Oct. 28, 2018			23,738,003
BEGINNING BALANCE at Oct. 28, 2018	50,499	426	$ 2,374	79,057	9,738	426	(7,070)	(33,600)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	35,673	426	$ 2,374	77,283	(10,126)	426	(7,656)	(26,202)
Net loss	(14,437)
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Jul. 28, 2019			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Jul. 28, 2019	35,673		$ 2,374	77,283	(10,126)		(7,656)	(26,202)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 47,755		$ 2,374	78,909	6,743		(6,912)	(33,359)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10
BEGINNING BALANCE (shares) at Jan. 27, 2019			23,738,003
BEGINNING BALANCE at Jan. 27, 2019	$ 47,755		$ 2,374	78,909	6,743		(6,912)	(33,359)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	42,276		$ 2,374	77,931	(656)		(7,091)	(30,282)
Net loss	(5,165)				(5,165)
Share-based compensation	(95)			(95)
Issuance of common stock	(40)			(883)	(2,234)			3,077
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(179)						(179)
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Apr. 28, 2019			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Apr. 28, 2019	42,276		$ 2,374	77,931	(656)		(7,091)	(30,282)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 42,276		2,374	77,931	(656)		(7,091)	(30,282)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 35,673		$ 2,374	77,283	(10,126)		(7,656)	(26,202)
Net loss	(6,057)				(6,057)
Share-based compensation	294			294
Issuance of common stock	(275)			(942)	(3,413)			4,080
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(565)						(565)
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Jul. 28, 2019			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Jul. 28, 2019	35,673		$ 2,374	77,283	(10,126)		(7,656)	(26,202)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 35,673		2,374	77,283	(10,126)		(7,656)	(26,202)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 36,189	22,216	$ 2,374	77,688	(10,917)	22,216	(6,801)	(26,155)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10
BEGINNING BALANCE (shares) at Nov. 03, 2019			23,738,003
BEGINNING BALANCE at Nov. 03, 2019	$ 36,189	22,216	$ 2,374	77,688	(10,917)	22,216	(6,801)	(26,155)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	48,465	22,216	$ 2,374	78,085	(248)	22,216	(6,801)	(25,309)
Net loss	(10,808)				(10,808)
Share-based compensation	511			511
Issuance of common stock	(7)			(114)	(739)			846
Other comprehensive income (loss)	364						364
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Feb. 02, 2020			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Feb. 02, 2020	48,465		$ 2,374	78,085	(248)		(6,437)	(25,309)
BEGINNING BALANCE (shares) at Nov. 03, 2019			23,738,003
BEGINNING BALANCE at Nov. 03, 2019	36,189	22,216	$ 2,374	77,688	(10,917)	22,216	(6,801)	(26,155)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	36,189	$ 22,216	$ 2,374	79,686	(16,777)	$ 22,216	(6,801)	(18,717)
Net loss	(21,070)
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Aug. 02, 2020			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Aug. 02, 2020	40,260		$ 2,374	79,686	(16,777)		(6,306)	(18,717)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 48,465		$ 2,374	78,085	(248)		(6,437)	(25,309)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10
BEGINNING BALANCE (shares) at Feb. 02, 2020			23,738,003
BEGINNING BALANCE at Feb. 02, 2020	$ 48,465		$ 2,374	78,085	(248)		(6,437)	(25,309)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	42,946		$ 2,374	78,593	(5,673)		(7,039)	(25,309)
Net loss	(5,425)				(5,425)
Share-based compensation	508			508
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(602)						(602)
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at May. 03, 2020			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at May. 03, 2020	42,946		$ 2,374	78,593	(5,673)		(7,039)	(25,309)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 42,946		2,374	78,593	(5,673)		(7,039)	(25,309)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 42,946		$ 2,374	79,686	(16,777)		(7,039)	(18,717)
Net loss	(4,837)				(4,837)
Share-based compensation	414			414
Issuance of common stock	1,004			679	(6,267)			6,592
Other comprehensive income (loss)	733						733
ENDING BALANCE (shares) at Aug. 02, 2020			23,738,003
ENDING BALANCE at Aug. 02, 2020	40,260		$ 2,374	79,686	(16,777)		(6,306)	(18,717)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Effect of new accounting principle	$ 40,260		$ 2,374	$ 79,686	$ (16,777)		$ (6,306)	$ (18,717)
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Aug. 02, 2020	May 03, 2020	Feb. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019	Jul. 28, 2019	Apr. 28, 2019	Jan. 27, 2019
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Feb. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Jan. 27, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Nov. 03, 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (4,837)	$ (10,808)	$ (6,057)	$ (3,215)	$ (21,070)	$ (14,437)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization					5,884	5,127
Operating lease asset amortization					6,024
Allowance (release) of doubtful accounts and sales allowances					4	(185)
Unrealized foreign currency exchange (gain) loss					796	(133)
Impairment charges					2,395	426
Amortization of gain on sale leaseback of property					0	(1,458)	$ (500)
Loss (gain) on dispositions of property, equipment and software					(287)	13
Share-based compensation					1,433	86
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable					27,815	22,624
Other assets					1,011	895
Accounts payable					(9,507)	1,104
Accrued expenses and other liabilities					(868)	(3,583)
Income taxes					(548)	(318)
Net cash provided by operating activities					13,082	10,161
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Sales of investments					659	213
Purchases of investments					(469)	(178)
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment, and software					399	43
Purchases of property, equipment, and software					(3,925)	(6,305)
Net cash used in investing activities					(3,336)	(6,227)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayment of borrowings					(15,000)	(20,000)
Draw-down on borrowings					20,000	25,000
Debt issuance costs					(331)	(621)
Withholding tax payment on vesting of stock awards					(74)	(316)
Net cash provided by financing activities					4,595	4,063
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash					(463)	(633)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash					13,878	7,364
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		$ 38,444		$ 36,544	38,444	36,544	36,544
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	52,322		43,908		52,322	43,908	38,444
Cash paid during the period:
Interest					1,858	2,367
Income taxes					1,445	1,174
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	30,928		36,031		30,928	36,031	$ 28,672
Restricted cash included in Restricted cash and short-term investments	$ 21,394		$ 7,877		$ 21,394	$ 7,877

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Volt Information Sciences, Inc. (“Volt” or the “Company”) have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019. The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in estimates are reflected in the period in which they become known. Accounting for certain expenses, including income taxes, is based on full year assumptions, and the financial statements reflect all normal adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the interim periods presented. The interim information is unaudited and is prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which provides for omission of certain information and footnote disclosures. This interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted by the Company

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The Company intends to apply ASU 2020-04 in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and does not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU 2018-13. ASU 2018-13 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Company does not anticipate a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 (ASC Topic 326), as clarified in ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11, and ASU 2018-19, amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. Under this model, an entity recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasted information rather than the current methodology of delaying recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which for the Company will be the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Although the impact upon adoption will depend on the financial instruments held by the Company at that time, the Company does not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements based on the instruments currently held and its historical trend of bad debt expense relating to trade accounts receivable.

Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Adopted by the Company

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the guidance in Topic 718 to include share-based payments for goods and services to non-employees and generally aligns it with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. ASU 2018-07 was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and the adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). This ASU requires that lessees recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms greater than twelve months in the statement of financial position and also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This ASU was effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 resulting in the Company recording right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows. For the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 3 - Leases.All other ASUs that became effective for Volt in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 were not applicable to the Company at this time and therefore, did not have any impact during the period.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases on November 4, 2019 using the modified transition method without retrospective application to comparative periods. The Company elected the package of three practical expedients allowed for under the transition guidance. Accordingly, the Company did not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are/or contain leases; (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; or (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has also elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less.

The Company’s material operating leases consist of branch locations, as well as corporate office space. Our leases have remaining terms of 1 - 11 years. The lease term is the minimum of the non-cancelable period of the lease or the lease term inclusive of reasonably certain renewal option periods. Volt determines if an arrangement meets the criteria of a lease at inception, at which time it also performs an analysis to determine whether the lease qualifies as operating or financing. The Company does not currently have any finance leases.

Upon adoption, the Company recorded approximately $47.2 million of ROU assets and $52.0 million of lease liabilities related to operating leases in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. At transition, the ROU asset was measured at the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any deferred rent and cease-use liabilities. The Company also recognized a $22.2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the deferred gain on the sale and leaseback of real estate. This gain was previously being amortized at approximately $0.5 million per quarter as an offset to rent expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Since the Company has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, the impact is a reduction to our deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance, which resulted in no tax impact to the net change to equity.

Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. ROU assets represent Volt's right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company used its incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments not yet paid, the Company estimates incremental secured borrowing rates corresponding to the maturities of the leases.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from the lease components to which they relate, and instead account for each as a single lease component, for all underlying asset classes. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage or may vary for other reasons, such as payments for insurance, tax payments and other miscellaneous costs. The variable portion of lease payments is not included in the ROU assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expenses. Accordingly, all expenses associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease expenses.

Operating leases are included in Right of use assets - operating leases and Operating lease liabilities, current and long-term, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is included in Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the nine months ended August 2, 2020, cash paid for the amount that was included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $8.8 million and the ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities was $1.7 million.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020
Operating lease expense	$	2,827	$	8,751
Sublease income	(394)		(1,183)
Variable lease expense	$	213	$	482
Total (1)	$	2,646	$	8,050

(1) The Company's short term lease expense was minimal.

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	8.1
Weighted average discount rate	6.3	%

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of August 2, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year:	Amount
Remainder of 2020	$	2,786
2021	9,476
2022	7,901
2023	6,786
2024	5,595
Thereafter	28,150
Total future lease payments	$	60,694
Less: Imputed interest	13,700
Total operating lease liabilities	$	46,994

Maturities of operating leases accounted for under ASC 840 as of fiscal year-end 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year:	Amount
2020	$	11,782
2021	9,287
2022	7,457
2023	6,328
2024	5,486
Thereafter	28,422
Total future lease payments	$	68,762

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Revenue Recognition

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

All of the Company’s revenue and trade receivables are generated from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to the Company's customers at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The Company's revenue is recorded net of any sales or other similar taxes collected from its customers.

Revenue Service Types

Staffing Services

Volt’s primary service is providing contingent (temporary) workers to its customers. These services are primarily provided through direct agreements with customers, and Volt provides these services using its employees and, in some cases, by subcontracting with other vendors of contingent workers. Volt’s costs in providing these services consist of the wages and benefits provided to the contingent workers as well as the recruiting costs, payroll department costs and other administrative costs.

Direct Placement Services

Direct placement services include providing qualified candidates to the Company's customers to hire on a permanent basis. Direct placement revenue is recognized net of a reserve for permanent placement candidates that do not remain with the customer through the contingency period, which is typically 60 days or less. This contingency is estimated based on historical data and recorded as a refund liability.

Managed Service Programs ("MSP")

The Company's MSP programs provide comprehensive solutions for delivery of contingent labor for assignment to customers, including supplier and worker sourcing, selecting, qualifying, on/off-boarding, time and expense recordation, reporting and approved invoicing and payment processing procedures. The Company’s fee for these MSP services is a fixed percentage of the staffing services spend that is managed through the program.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table presents our segment revenues disaggregated by service type (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	178,829	$	153,642	$	18,829	$	6,313	$	149	$	(104)
Direct Placement Services	2,587		1,069		935		583		—		—
Managed Service Programs	4,525		—		1,985		2,540		—		—
	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	163,397	$	154,123	$	—	$	9,358	$	—	$	(84)
International	22,544		588		21,749		78		149		(20)
	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	223,754	$	191,575	$	26,704	$	5,664	$	194	$	(383)
Direct Placement Services	3,679		2,066		1,137		697		—		(221)
Managed Service Programs	4,081		—		887		3,194		—		—
Call Center Services	1,662		—		—		—		1,662		—
	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	203,266	$	192,704	$	—	$	9,478	$	1,662	$	(578)
International	29,910		937		28,728		77		194		(26)
	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	588,304	$	506,471	$	63,935	$	18,233	$	539	$	(874)
Direct Placement Services	8,966		4,021		2,818		2,127		—		—
Managed Service Programs	13,712		—		5,522		8,190		—		—
	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	535,949	$	508,439	$	—	$	28,323	$	—	$	(813)
International	75,033		2,053		72,275		227		539		(61)
	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	701,893	$	607,980	$	78,290	$	16,049	$	540	$	(966)
Direct Placement Services	10,633		6,380		3,179		2,073		—		(999)
Managed Service Programs	11,563		—		2,334		9,229		—		—
Call Center Services	14,593		—		—		—		14,593		—
	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	651,566	$	611,861	$	—	$	27,009	$	14,593	$	(1,897)
International	87,116		2,499		83,803		342		540		(68)
	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)

(1) Includes the revenues from Volt's Customer Care Solutions business through the time of exit in June 2019.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which they will recognize revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed. Unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts not meeting the aforementioned criteria are immaterial.

Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The Company records accounts receivable when its right to consideration becomes unconditional and records a sales allowance as a liability. As of August 2, 2020, the change in the reserve balance from November 3, 2019 was minimal. Contract assets primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for services provided that are conditional on satisfaction of future performance obligations. The Company records contract liabilities when payments are made or due prior to the related performance obligations being satisfied. The current portion of contract liabilities is included in Accrued insurance and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not have any material contract assets or long-term contract liabilities as of August 2, 2020 and November 3, 2019.

Economic Factors

The Company's operations are subject to variations in the economic condition and regulatory environment in their jurisdictions of operations. Adverse economic conditions may severely reduce the demand for the Company’s services and directly impact the

revenue. In addition, the Company faces risks in complying with various legal requirements and unpredictable changes in both U.S. and foreign regulations which may have a financial impact on the business and operations. The global spread of COVID-19, or coronavirus, has created significant volatility, uncertainty and global macroeconomic disruption. This was due to related government actions, non-governmental agency recommendations and public perceptions, and disruption in global economic and labor market conditions. Our business, results of operations and financial condition have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, and future adverse impacts could be material and are difficult to predict.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 were (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020
	Foreign Currency Translation
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at beginning of the period	$	(7,039)	$	(6,801)
Other comprehensive income	733		495
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at August 2, 2020	$	(6,306)	$	(6,306)

There were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019.

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Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments

Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments

Restricted cash primarily includes amounts related to requirements under certain contracts with managed service program customers, for whom the Company manages the customers’ contingent staffing requirements, including processing of associate vendor billings into single, combined customer billings and distribution of payments to associate vendors on behalf of customers, as well as minimum cash deposits required to be maintained as collateral. Distribution of payments to associate vendors is generally made shortly after receipt of payment from customers, with undistributed amounts included in restricted cash and accounts payable between receipt and distribution of these amounts, where contractually required. At August 2, 2020 and November 3, 2019, restricted cash included $4.0 million and $9.3 million, respectively, restricted for payment to associate vendors, and $0.5 million in both periods, restricted for other collateral accounts.

At August 2, 2020, restricted cash also included $16.9 million restricted under the Company’s long-term accounts receivable securitization program (“DZ Financing Program”) with DZ Bank AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank (“DZ Bank”). This cash was restricted as it supplemented collateral provided by accounts receivable towards the Company’s aggregate borrowing base usage of $84.5 million, inclusive of $60.0 million outstanding and $24.5 million in issued letters of credit as of August 2, 2020.

Short-term investments were $2.9 million and $3.0 million at August 2, 2020 and November 3, 2019, respectively. These short-term investments consisted primarily of the fair value of deferred compensation investments corresponding to employees’ selections, primarily in mutual funds, based on quoted prices in active markets.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The income tax provision reflects the geographic mix of earnings in various federal, state and foreign tax jurisdictions and their applicable rates resulting in a composite effective tax rate. The Company’s cumulative results for substantially all United States (“U.S.”) and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions for the most recent three-year period is a loss. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established for substantially all loss carryforwards and other net deferred tax assets for these jurisdictions, resulting in an effective tax rate that is significantly different than the statutory rate.

The Company adjusts its effective tax rate for each quarter to be consistent with the estimated annual effective tax rate, consistent with ASC 270, Interim Reporting, and ASC 740-270, Income Taxes – Intra Period Tax Allocation. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the full year where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the calculation of the estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company’s future effective tax rates could be affected by earnings being different than anticipated in countries with differing statutory rates, increases in recorded valuation allowances of tax assets, or changes in tax laws.

The Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes primarily includes foreign jurisdictions and state taxes. The income tax provision in the third quarters of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, primarily related to locations outside of the United States. For the first nine months ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019, the income tax provision was $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, primarily related to locations outside the United States. The Company’s quarterly provision (benefit) for income taxes is measured using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that occur within the periods presented.

The Company has analyzed the income tax impacts of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and has determined that it will not have a material impact to the Company.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and proceeds from its financing arrangements. Both operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under the Company’s financing arrangements are directly related to the levels of accounts receivable generated by its businesses. The Company’s operating cash flows consist primarily of collections of customer receivables offset by payments for payroll and related items for the Company’s contingent staff and in-house employees; federal, foreign, state and local taxes; and trade payables. The Company’s level of borrowing capacity under its financing arrangements increases or decreases in tandem with any change in accounts receivable based on revenue fluctuations.

The Company manages its cash flow and related liquidity on a global basis. The weekly payroll payments inclusive of employment-related taxes and payments to vendors are approximately $15.0 million. The Company generally targets minimum global liquidity to be approximately 1.5 times its average weekly requirements. The Company also maintains minimum effective cash balances in foreign operations and uses a multi-currency netting and overdraft facility for its European entities to further minimize overseas cash requirements.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the CARES Act which, among other things, permits the deferral of the employer’s portion of social security tax payments between March 27, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Further as a result of the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company experienced a reduction in both weekly payroll and related tax payments of approximately $3.0 million per week.

The DZ Financing Program is fully collateralized by certain receivables of the Company that are sold to a wholly-owned, consolidated, bankruptcy-remote subsidiary. To finance the purchase of such receivables, that subsidiary may request that DZ Bank make loans from time-to-time to that subsidiary which are secured by liens on those receivables.

On July 19, 2019, the Company amended and restated its DZ Financing Program, which was originally executed on January 25, 2018. The restated agreement allows for the inclusion of certain accounts receivable from originators in the United Kingdom, which added an additional $5.0 - $7.0 million in borrowing availability. All other material terms and conditions of the original agreement remain substantially unchanged.

On January 14, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to (1) extend the Amortization Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from January 25, 2021 to January 25, 2023; (2) extend the Facility Maturity Date, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, from July 25, 2021 to July 25, 2023; and (3) revise an existing covenant to maintain positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged. 

On March 12, 2020, the Company executed an amendment to the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to revise an existing covenant to maintain a Tangible Net Worth (“TNW”), as defined, from $40.0 million to $35.0 million through the Company’s fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2020 and at least $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.    

On June 11, 2020, the Company amended the DZ Financing Program. The modifications to the agreement were to (1) replace an existing TNW covenant requirement, as defined, to a minimum TNW of $20.0 million through the Company's fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and $40.0 million in each quarter thereafter, and (2) reduce the Maximum Facility Amount, as defined, from $115.0 million to $100.0 million. All other terms and conditions remain unchanged.  

Loan advances may be made under the DZ Financing Program through January 25, 2023 and all loans will mature no later than July 25, 2023. Loans will accrue interest (i) with respect to loans that are funded through the issuance of commercial paper notes, at the commercial paper (“CP”) rate, and (ii) otherwise, at a rate per annum equal to adjusted LIBOR. The CP rate will be based on the rates paid by the applicable lender on notes it issues to fund related loans. Adjusted LIBOR is based on LIBOR for the applicable interest period and the rate prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for determining the reserve requirements with

respect to Eurocurrency funding. If an event of default occurs, all loans shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the prime rate (the federal funds rate plus 3%) plus 2.5%.

The DZ Financing Program also includes a letter of credit sub-facility with a sub-limit of $35.0 million. As of August 2, 2020, the letter of credit participation was $24.5 million inclusive of $23.3 million for the Company’s casualty insurance program and $1.2 million for the security deposit required under certain real estate lease agreements.

The DZ Financing Program contains customary representations and warranties as well as affirmative and negative covenants. The agreement also contains customary default, indemnification and termination provisions. The DZ Financing Program is not an off-balance sheet arrangement, as the bankruptcy-remote subsidiary is a 100%-owned consolidated subsidiary of the Company.

The Company is subject to certain financial and portfolio performance covenants under the DZ Financing Program, including (1) a minimum TNW, as defined under the DZ Financing Program, of at least $20.0 million through the Company's fiscal quarter ending on or about July 31, 2021 and at least $40.0 million for each quarter thereafter; (2) positive net income in any fiscal year ending after 2020; (3) maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio of 3:1; and (4) a minimum of $15.0 million in liquid assets, as defined under the DZ Financing Program. At August 2, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants. At August 2, 2020, there was $5.1 million of borrowing availability, as defined under the DZ Financing Program.

At August 2, 2020, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the DZ Financing Program of $60.0 million with a weighted average annual interest rate of 2.0% during the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2.8% for the first nine months of fiscal 2020. At July 28, 2019, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the DZ Financing program of $55.0 million, with a weighted average annual rate of 4.2% during both the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and the first nine months of fiscal 2019.

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

	August 2, 2020		November 3, 2019
Financing programs	$	60,000	$	55,000
Less:
Deferred financing fees	1,070		1,106
Total long-term debt, net	$	58,930	$	53,894

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019		August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
Numerator
Net loss	$	(4,837)	$	(6,057)	$	(21,070)	$	(14,437)
Denominator
Basic weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106
Diluted weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)
Diluted	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)

The diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 did not include the effect of potentially dilutive outstanding shares comprised of 1,006,798 RSUs (defined below), 331,944 stock options and 209,662 PSUs (defined below) because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. The diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended July 28, 2019 did not include the effect of potentially dilutive outstanding shares comprised of 632,240 RSUs, 636,664 stock options and 355,318 PSUs because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

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Share-Based Compensation Plans

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share-Based Compensation Plans

Share-Based Compensation Plans

For the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $0.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended July 28, 2019, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively. These expenses are included in Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fiscal 2020 Awards

During fiscal 2020, the Company granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to executive management and, due to limited share availability under its long-term incentive plan, issued deferred cash awards to certain employees including executive management. The RSUs and cash awards vest in equal annual tranches over three years, provided the employees remain employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The grant date fair value for the RSUs is measured using the closing stock price on the grant date and the total grant date fair value was $0.7 million. The deferred cash awards totaled $2.2 million. In addition, due to limited share availability, cash payments in the aggregate amount of $0.4 million were made in lieu of equity awards to non-executive directors of the Company.

Fiscal 2019 Awards

During fiscal 2019, the Company granted performance stock units (“PSUs”) to executive management, RSUs to certain employees including executive management and its annual equity grant of RSUs to the Board of Directors.

The PSUs are eligible to vest in three equal tranches at the end of each performance period. Vesting of the PSUs is dependent on the achievement of the adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization margin percentage goals based on adjusted revenues at the end of each fiscal year of the one-year, two-year and three-year performance periods and provided that the employees remain employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The payout percentages can range from 0% to 150%. The RSUs for the employees vest in equal annual tranches over three years, provided the employees remain employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The RSUs for the Board of Directors vest one year from the grant date provided that the director provides continued service through the vesting date. The grant date fair value for the PSUs and RSUs is measured using the closing stock price on the grant date. The PSUs and RSUs had a total grant date fair value of approximately $1.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Fiscal 2018 Awards

During fiscal 2018, the Company granted PSUs and RSUs that are classified as a liability at fair value, which is computed using a Monte Carlo simulation and re-measured periodically based on the effect that the market condition has on these awards. The liability and corresponding expense is adjusted accordingly until the awards are settled. As of the third quarter ended August 2, 2020, the total fair value of the remaining PSUs and RSUs were minimal.

Summary of Equity and Liability Awards

The following tables summarize the activities related to the Company’s share-based equity and liability awards for the nine months ended August 2, 2020:

Performance Share Units	Number of	Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	376,986	$3.90
Forfeited	(40,311)	$3.38
Vested	(127,013)	$4.04
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	209,662	$3.91

Restricted Stock Units	Number of	Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	667,082	$3.86
Granted	625,909	$1.09
Forfeited	(4,387)	$3.79
Vested	(281,806)	$3.98
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	1,006,798	$2.11

Stock Options	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	603,484	$6.28	6.81	$—
Forfeited	(60,615)	$8.22	—	$—
Expired	(210,925)	$6.59	—	$—
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	331,944	$5.73	7.22	$—
Unvested at August 2, 2020	44,394	$4.10	8.09	$—
Exercisable at August 2, 2020	287,550	$5.98	7.08	$—

For the nine months ended August 2, 2020, there was no exercise of stock options. As of August 2, 2020, total unrecognized compensation expense of $1.6 million related to PSUs, stock options and RSUs will be recognized over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.2 years of which $0.3 million, $0.9 million, $0.3 million and less than $0.1 million are expected to be recognized in fiscal 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

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Restructuring and Severance Charges

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Severance Charges

Restructuring and Severance Charges

The Company incurred total restructuring and severance costs of $0.5 million and $2.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.8 million for the nine months ended August 2, 2020 and July 28, 2019, respectively.

2020 Restructuring Plan

In the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company approved a restructuring plan (the “2020 Plan”) as part of its strategic initiative to optimize the Company’s cost infrastructure. The 2020 Plan will leverage the global capabilities of the Company's staffing operations based in Bangalore, India and offshore a significant number of strategically identified roles to this location. The total costs incurred in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 in connection with the 2020 Plan were $1.1 million, consisting of $0.1 million in North American Staffing, $0.1 million in International Staffing and $0.9 million in the Corporate and Other category. As of August 2, 2020, the Company anticipates payments of $0.1 million will be made through the remainder of fiscal 2020.

2018 Restructuring Plan

On October 16, 2018, the Company approved a restructuring plan (the “2018 Plan”) based on an organizational and process redesign intended to optimize the Company’s strategic growth initiatives and overall business performance. In connection with the 2018 Plan, the Company incurred restructuring charges comprised of severance and benefit costs and facility and lease termination costs. The 2018 Plan was completed by the end of fiscal 2019. The total costs since inception through August 2, 2020 were $5.5 million, consisting of $1.1 million in North American Staffing, $0.4 million in International Staffing and $4.0 million in Corporate and Other.

Change in Executive Management

Effective June 6, 2018, Michael Dean departed from his role as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and is no longer a member of the Board of Directors. The Company and Mr. Dean subsequently executed a separation agreement, effective June 29, 2018. The Company incurred related severance costs of $2.6 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, which was payable over a period of 24 months.

Effective August 23, 2019, Paul Tomkins stepped down from his role as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The Company and Mr. Tomkins subsequently executed a separation agreement, effective September 11, 2019. The Company incurred related severance costs of $0.9 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, which is payable over a period of 12 months beginning November 2019.

Exit of Customer Care Solutions Business

In June 2019, the Company exited its customer care solutions business, which was reported as a part of the Corporate and Other category. This exit allows the Company to further strengthen its focus on its core staffing business and align its resources to streamline operations, improve cost competitiveness and increase profitability. As a result of this exit, the Company incurred restructuring and severance costs of $1.7 million during the first nine months of fiscal 2019.

Other Restructuring Costs

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, there were other restructuring actions taken by the Company as part of its continued efforts to reduce costs and to offset COVID-19 related revenue losses. The Company recorded severance costs of $0.6 million primarily resulting from the elimination of certain positions.

Accrued restructuring and severance costs are included in Accrued compensation and Accrued insurance and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Activity for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	August 2, 2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,845
Cease use liabilities transferred to ROU assets	(1,964)
Liability at November 4, 2019	1,881
Charged to expense	2,203
Cash payments	(3,642)
Ending Balance	$	442

Upon adoption of ASC 842 Leases, $2.0 million of accrued restructuring related to the exit of leased real estate was reclassified as a reduction to the related ROU asset, per the accounting guidance. The remaining balance as of August 2, 2020 of $0.4 million, primarily related to Corporate and Other, includes $0.2 million related to the change in executive management, $0.1 million related to the 2020 Plan and $0.1 million related to other restructuring costs.

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Impairment Charges

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Impairment or Disposal of Tangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Impairment Charges

Impairment Charges

Long-lived assets primarily consist of right-of-use assets, capitalized software costs, leasehold improvements and office equipment. The Company reviews these assets for impairment under Accounting Standards Codification 360 Property, Plant and Equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset (if any) are less than the carrying value of the asset. When an impairment loss is recognized, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation techniques.

Due to the economic impact and continued uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain real estate rationalization decisions were made in the quarter resulting in the Company consolidating and exiting certain leased office locations throughout North America based on where the Company could be fully operational and successfully support its clients and business operations remotely. The changes in the use of these right-of-use assets triggered an impairment review and based on the results of this review, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $2.4 million to reduce the carrying value of these assets to their estimated fair value. Significant assumptions used to estimate fair value were the current economic environment, real estate market conditions and general market participant assumptions.

Impairment charges incurred in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 were $1.8 million for the North American Staffing segment and $0.6 million for the Corporate and Other category.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company’s loss contingencies not discussed elsewhere consist primarily of claims and legal actions arising in the normal course of business related to contingent worker employment matters in the staffing services segments. These matters are at varying stages of investigation, arbitration or adjudication. The Company has accrued for losses on individual matters that are both probable and reasonably estimable.

Estimates are based on currently available information and assumptions. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination of whether a matter is reasonably estimable. The Company’s estimates may change and actual expenses could differ in the future as additional information becomes available.

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Related Party Transactions	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party TransactionsFor the nine months ended August 2, 2020, the Company provided staffing services in the aggregate amount of $130,000 to a company where Volt's Chairman of the Board, William J. Grubbs, serves as President.

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Segment Data

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Data

Segment Data

We report our segment data in accordance with the provisions of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, aligning with the way the Company evaluates its business performance and manages its operations. Our current reportable segments are (i) North American Staffing, (ii) International Staffing and (iii) North American MSP. The non-reportable businesses are combined and disclosed with corporate services under the category Corporate and Other.

In June 2019, the Company exited its customer care solutions business, which was reported as a part of the Corporate and Other category. This exit allows the Company to further strengthen its focus on its core staffing business and align its resources to streamline operations, improve cost competitiveness and increase profitability. The Company’s other non-reportable businesses will continue to be combined and disclosed with corporate services under the category Corporate and Other.

Segment operating income (loss) is comprised of segment net revenue less cost of services, selling, administrative and other operating costs, restructuring and severance costs, and impairment charges. The Company allocates to the segments all operating costs except for costs not directly related to the operating activities such as corporate-wide general and administrative costs. These costs are not allocated because doing so would not enhance the understanding of segment operating performance and are not used by management to measure segment performance.

Financial data concerning the Company’s segment revenue and operating income (loss) as well as results from Corporate and Other are summarized in the following tables (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Cost of services	155,983		130,829		17,805		7,375		78		(104)
Gross margin	29,958		23,882		3,944		2,061		71		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245		19,053		3,312		1,117		7,763		—
Restructuring and severance costs	546		335		81		—		130		—
Impairment charges	2,384		1,803		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,217)		2,691		551		944		(8,403)		—
Other income (expense), net	(64)
Income tax provision	556
Net loss	$	(4,837)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Cost of services	197,528		164,809		24,181		7,053		2,089		(604)
Gross margin	35,648		28,832		4,547		2,502		(233)		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	38,395		24,346		4,023		1,382		8,644		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,017		121		182		—		1,714		—
Impairment charge	79		—		—		—		79		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,843)		4,365		342		1,120		(10,670)		—
Other income (expense), net	(1,049)
Income tax provision	165
Net loss	$	(6,057)

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Cost of services	517,360		435,646		60,117		22,212		259		(874)
Gross margin	93,622		74,846		12,158		6,338		280		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	106,931		66,905		10,845		4,149		25,032		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,203		761		192		—		1,250		—
Impairment charges	2,395		1,814		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(17,907)		5,366		1,121		2,189		(26,583)		—
Other income (expense), net	(2,389)
Income tax provision	774
Net loss	$	(21,070)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Cost of services	629,078		526,172		70,414		20,157		14,300		(1,965)
Gross margin	109,604		88,188		13,389		7,194		833		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	117,144		77,063		11,659		3,941		24,481		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,800		329		456		68		1,947		—
Impairment charges	426		—		—		—		426		—
Operating income (loss)	(10,766)		10,796		1,274		3,185		(26,021)		—
Other income (expense), net	(3,000)
Income tax provision	671
Net loss	$	(14,437)

(1) Revenues are primarily derived from Volt Customer Care Solutions business through June 7, 2019.

(2) The majority of intersegment sales results from North American Staffing segment providing resources to Volt Customer Care Solutions business.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Volt Information Sciences, Inc. (“Volt” or the “Company”) have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019. The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in estimates are reflected in the period in which they become known. Accounting for certain expenses, including income taxes, is based on full year assumptions, and the financial statements reflect all normal adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for fair presentation of the interim periods presented. The interim information is unaudited and is prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which provides for omission of certain information and footnote disclosures. This interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 3, 2019.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted by the Company

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The Company intends to apply ASU 2020-04 in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and does not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820. ASU 2018-13 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU 2018-13. ASU 2018-13 is effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Company does not anticipate a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 (ASC Topic 326), as clarified in ASU 2019-04, ASU 2019-05, ASU 2019-11, and ASU 2018-19, amending how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The guidance requires the application of a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses. Under this model, an entity recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions and forecasted information rather than the current methodology of delaying recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, which for the Company will be the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Although the impact upon adoption will depend on the financial instruments held by the Company at that time, the Company does not anticipate a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements based on the instruments currently held and its historical trend of bad debt expense relating to trade accounts receivable.

Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Adopted by the Company

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the guidance in Topic 718 to include share-based payments for goods and services to non-employees and generally aligns it with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. ASU 2018-07 was effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and the adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). This ASU requires that lessees recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms greater than twelve months in the statement of financial position and also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This ASU was effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 resulting in the Company recording right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows. For the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 3 - Leases.All other ASUs that became effective for Volt in the first nine months of fiscal 2020 were not applicable to the Company at this time and therefore, did not have any impact during the period.

Leases

Leases

The Company adopted ASC 842, Leases on November 4, 2019 using the modified transition method without retrospective application to comparative periods. The Company elected the package of three practical expedients allowed for under the transition guidance. Accordingly, the Company did not reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are/or contain leases; (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; or (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has also elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less.

The Company’s material operating leases consist of branch locations, as well as corporate office space. Our leases have remaining terms of 1 - 11 years. The lease term is the minimum of the non-cancelable period of the lease or the lease term inclusive of reasonably certain renewal option periods. Volt determines if an arrangement meets the criteria of a lease at inception, at which time it also performs an analysis to determine whether the lease qualifies as operating or financing. The Company does not currently have any finance leases.

Upon adoption, the Company recorded approximately $47.2 million of ROU assets and $52.0 million of lease liabilities related to operating leases in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. At transition, the ROU asset was measured at the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any deferred rent and cease-use liabilities. The Company also recognized a $22.2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the deferred gain on the sale and leaseback of real estate. This gain was previously being amortized at approximately $0.5 million per quarter as an offset to rent expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Since the Company has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, the impact is a reduction to our deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance, which resulted in no tax impact to the net change to equity.

Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of lease payments not yet paid. ROU assets represent Volt's right to use an underlying asset and are based upon the operating lease liabilities adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments, initial direct costs, lease incentives, and impairment of operating lease assets. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company used its incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. To determine the present value of lease payments not yet paid, the Company estimates incremental secured borrowing rates corresponding to the maturities of the leases.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from the lease components to which they relate, and instead account for each as a single lease component, for all underlying asset classes. Some leasing arrangements require variable payments that are dependent on usage or may vary for other reasons, such as payments for insurance, tax payments and other miscellaneous costs. The variable portion of lease payments is not included in the ROU assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expenses. Accordingly, all expenses associated with a lease contract are accounted for as lease expenses.

Operating leases are included in Right of use assets - operating leases and Operating lease liabilities, current and long-term, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is included in Selling, administrative and other operating costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

All of the Company’s revenue and trade receivables are generated from contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to the Company's customers at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. The Company's revenue is recorded net of any sales or other similar taxes collected from its customers.

Revenue Service Types

Staffing Services

Volt’s primary service is providing contingent (temporary) workers to its customers. These services are primarily provided through direct agreements with customers, and Volt provides these services using its employees and, in some cases, by subcontracting with other vendors of contingent workers. Volt’s costs in providing these services consist of the wages and benefits provided to the contingent workers as well as the recruiting costs, payroll department costs and other administrative costs.

Direct Placement Services

Direct placement services include providing qualified candidates to the Company's customers to hire on a permanent basis. Direct placement revenue is recognized net of a reserve for permanent placement candidates that do not remain with the customer through the contingency period, which is typically 60 days or less. This contingency is estimated based on historical data and recorded as a refund liability.

Managed Service Programs ("MSP")

The Company's MSP programs provide comprehensive solutions for delivery of contingent labor for assignment to customers, including supplier and worker sourcing, selecting, qualifying, on/off-boarding, time and expense recordation, reporting and approved invoicing and payment processing procedures. The Company’s fee for these MSP services is a fixed percentage of the staffing services spend that is managed through the program.

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020
Operating lease expense	$	2,827	$	8,751
Sublease income	(394)		(1,183)
Variable lease expense	$	213	$	482
Total (1)	$	2,646	$	8,050

(1) The Company's short term lease expense was minimal.

Schedule of Weighted Average Information

Weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	8.1
Weighted average discount rate	6.3	%

Schedule of Operating Lease Maturities, Topic 842

Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of August 2, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year:	Amount
Remainder of 2020	$	2,786
2021	9,476
2022	7,901
2023	6,786
2024	5,595
Thereafter	28,150
Total future lease payments	$	60,694
Less: Imputed interest	13,700
Total operating lease liabilities	$	46,994

Schedule of Operating Lease Maturities, Topic 840

Maturities of operating leases accounted for under ASC 840 as of fiscal year-end 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year:	Amount
2020	$	11,782
2021	9,287
2022	7,457
2023	6,328
2024	5,486
Thereafter	28,422
Total future lease payments	$	68,762

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Revenues Disaggregated by Service Type

The following table presents our segment revenues disaggregated by service type (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	178,829	$	153,642	$	18,829	$	6,313	$	149	$	(104)
Direct Placement Services	2,587		1,069		935		583		—		—
Managed Service Programs	4,525		—		1,985		2,540		—		—
	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	163,397	$	154,123	$	—	$	9,358	$	—	$	(84)
International	22,544		588		21,749		78		149		(20)
	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	223,754	$	191,575	$	26,704	$	5,664	$	194	$	(383)
Direct Placement Services	3,679		2,066		1,137		697		—		(221)
Managed Service Programs	4,081		—		887		3,194		—		—
Call Center Services	1,662		—		—		—		1,662		—
	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	203,266	$	192,704	$	—	$	9,478	$	1,662	$	(578)
International	29,910		937		28,728		77		194		(26)
	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	588,304	$	506,471	$	63,935	$	18,233	$	539	$	(874)
Direct Placement Services	8,966		4,021		2,818		2,127		—		—
Managed Service Programs	13,712		—		5,522		8,190		—		—
	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	535,949	$	508,439	$	—	$	28,323	$	—	$	(813)
International	75,033		2,053		72,275		227		539		(61)
	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
Segment	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations
Service Revenues:
Staffing Services	$	701,893	$	607,980	$	78,290	$	16,049	$	540	$	(966)
Direct Placement Services	10,633		6,380		3,179		2,073		—		(999)
Managed Service Programs	11,563		—		2,334		9,229		—		—
Call Center Services	14,593		—		—		—		14,593		—
	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Geographical Markets:
Domestic	$	651,566	$	611,861	$	—	$	27,009	$	14,593	$	(1,897)
International	87,116		2,499		83,803		342		540		(68)
	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)

(1) Includes the revenues from Volt's Customer Care Solutions business through the time of exit in June 2019.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended August 2, 2020 were (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020
	Foreign Currency Translation
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at beginning of the period	$	(7,039)	$	(6,801)
Other comprehensive income	733		495
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at August 2, 2020	$	(6,306)	$	(6,306)

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

	August 2, 2020		November 3, 2019
Financing programs	$	60,000	$	55,000
Less:
Deferred financing fees	1,070		1,106
Total long-term debt, net	$	58,930	$	53,894

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Summary of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019		August 2, 2020		July 28, 2019
Numerator
Net loss	$	(4,837)	$	(6,057)	$	(21,070)	$	(14,437)
Denominator
Basic weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106
Diluted weighted average number of shares	21,589		21,157		21,474		21,106
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)
Diluted	$	(0.22)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.98)	$	(0.68)

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Share-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award Activity

The following tables summarize the activities related to the Company’s share-based equity and liability awards for the nine months ended August 2, 2020:

Performance Share Units	Number of	Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	376,986	$3.90
Forfeited	(40,311)	$3.38
Vested	(127,013)	$4.04
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	209,662	$3.91

Restricted Stock Units	Number of	Weighted Average
	Shares	Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	667,082	$3.86
Granted	625,909	$1.09
Forfeited	(4,387)	$3.79
Vested	(281,806)	$3.98
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	1,006,798	$2.11

Stock Options	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at November 3, 2019	603,484	$6.28	6.81	$—
Forfeited	(60,615)	$8.22	—	$—
Expired	(210,925)	$6.59	—	$—
Outstanding at August 2, 2020	331,944	$5.73	7.22	$—
Unvested at August 2, 2020	44,394	$4.10	8.09	$—
Exercisable at August 2, 2020	287,550	$5.98	7.08	$—

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Restructuring and Severance Charges (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Activity

Activity for the first nine months of fiscal 2020 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	August 2, 2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,845
Cease use liabilities transferred to ROU assets	(1,964)
Liability at November 4, 2019	1,881
Charged to expense	2,203
Cash payments	(3,642)
Ending Balance	$	442

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Segment Data (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Aug. 02, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Sales and Segment Operating Income (Loss) by Reportable Operating Segment

Financial data concerning the Company’s segment revenue and operating income (loss) as well as results from Corporate and Other are summarized in the following tables (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	185,941	$	154,711	$	21,749	$	9,436	$	149	$	(104)
Cost of services	155,983		130,829		17,805		7,375		78		(104)
Gross margin	29,958		23,882		3,944		2,061		71		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245		19,053		3,312		1,117		7,763		—
Restructuring and severance costs	546		335		81		—		130		—
Impairment charges	2,384		1,803		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,217)		2,691		551		944		(8,403)		—
Other income (expense), net	(64)
Income tax provision	556
Net loss	$	(4,837)

	Three Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	233,176	$	193,641	$	28,728	$	9,555	$	1,856	$	(604)
Cost of services	197,528		164,809		24,181		7,053		2,089		(604)
Gross margin	35,648		28,832		4,547		2,502		(233)		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	38,395		24,346		4,023		1,382		8,644		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,017		121		182		—		1,714		—
Impairment charge	79		—		—		—		79		—
Operating income (loss)	(4,843)		4,365		342		1,120		(10,670)		—
Other income (expense), net	(1,049)
Income tax provision	165
Net loss	$	(6,057)

	Nine Months Ended August 2, 2020
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other		Eliminations
Net revenue	$	610,982	$	510,492	$	72,275	$	28,550	$	539	$	(874)
Cost of services	517,360		435,646		60,117		22,212		259		(874)
Gross margin	93,622		74,846		12,158		6,338		280		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	106,931		66,905		10,845		4,149		25,032		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,203		761		192		—		1,250		—
Impairment charges	2,395		1,814		—		—		581		—
Operating income (loss)	(17,907)		5,366		1,121		2,189		(26,583)		—
Other income (expense), net	(2,389)
Income tax provision	774
Net loss	$	(21,070)

	Nine Months Ended July 28, 2019
	Total		North American Staffing		International Staffing		North American MSP		Corporate and Other (1)		Eliminations (2)
Net revenue	$	738,682	$	614,360	$	83,803	$	27,351	$	15,133	$	(1,965)
Cost of services	629,078		526,172		70,414		20,157		14,300		(1,965)
Gross margin	109,604		88,188		13,389		7,194		833		—
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	117,144		77,063		11,659		3,941		24,481		—
Restructuring and severance costs	2,800		329		456		68		1,947		—
Impairment charges	426		—		—		—		426		—
Operating income (loss)	(10,766)		10,796		1,274		3,185		(26,021)		—
Other income (expense), net	(3,000)
Income tax provision	671
Net loss	$	(14,437)

(1) Revenues are primarily derived from Volt Customer Care Solutions business through June 7, 2019.

(2) The majority of intersegment sales results from North American Staffing segment providing resources to Volt Customer Care Solutions business.

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Nov. 03, 2019	May 03, 2020	Feb. 02, 2020	Nov. 04, 2019	Apr. 28, 2019	Jan. 27, 2019	Oct. 28, 2018
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right of use assets - operating leases	$ 40,146					$ 47,200
Lease liabilities	46,994					52,000
Cumulative effect adjustment of adopting ASU	40,260	$ 35,673	$ 36,189	$ 42,946	$ 48,465		$ 42,276	$ 47,755	$ 50,499
Sale and leaseback of real estate, gain amortized per quarter	0	1,458	500
Cash paid, included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	8,800
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	1,700
Retained Earnings
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Cumulative effect adjustment of adopting ASU	$ (16,777)	$ (10,126)	(10,917)	$ (5,673)	$ (248)		$ (656)	$ 6,743	9,738
Cumulative Effect, Period Of Adoption, Adjustment
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Cumulative effect adjustment of adopting ASU			22,216						426
Cumulative Effect, Period Of Adoption, Adjustment | Retained Earnings
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Cumulative effect adjustment of adopting ASU			$ 22,216			$ 22,200			$ 426
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term						1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term						11 years

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Leases - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 2,827	$ 8,751
Sublease income	(394)	(1,183)
Variable lease expense	213	482
Total	$ 2,646	$ 8,050

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Leases - Weighted Average Lease Information (Details)	Aug. 02, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	8 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average discount rate	6.30%

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Leases - Lease Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 04, 2019	Nov. 03, 2019
Fiscal Year, After Adoption of Topic 842
Remainder of 2020	$ 2,786
2021	9,476
2022	7,901
2023	6,786
2024	5,595
Thereafter	28,150
Total future lease payments	60,694
Less: Imputed interest	13,700
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 46,994	$ 52,000
Fiscal Year, Before Adoption of Topic 842
2020			$ 11,782
2021			9,287
2022			7,457
2023			6,328
2024			5,486
Thereafter			28,422
Total future lease payments			$ 68,762

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue, by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 185,941	$ 233,176	$ 610,982	$ 738,682
Domestic
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	163,397	203,266	535,949	651,566
International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	22,544	29,910	75,033	87,116
Staffing Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	178,829	223,754	588,304	701,893
Direct Placement Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,587	3,679	8,966	10,633
Managed Service Programs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	4,525	4,081	13,712	11,563
Call Center Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues		1,662		14,593
Operating Segments | North American Staffing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	154,711	193,641	510,492	614,360
Operating Segments | North American Staffing | Domestic
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	154,123	192,704	508,439	611,861
Operating Segments | North American Staffing | International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	588	937	2,053	2,499
Operating Segments | North American Staffing | Staffing Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	153,642	191,575	506,471	607,980
Operating Segments | North American Staffing | Direct Placement Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,069	2,066	4,021	6,380
Operating Segments | North American Staffing | Managed Service Programs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Operating Segments | North American Staffing | Call Center Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues		0		0
Operating Segments | International Staffing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	21,749	28,728	72,275	83,803
Operating Segments | International Staffing | Domestic
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Operating Segments | International Staffing | International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	21,749	28,728	72,275	83,803
Operating Segments | International Staffing | Staffing Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	18,829	26,704	63,935	78,290
Operating Segments | International Staffing | Direct Placement Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	935	1,137	2,818	3,179
Operating Segments | International Staffing | Managed Service Programs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	1,985	887	5,522	2,334
Operating Segments | International Staffing | Call Center Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues		0		0
Operating Segments | North American MSP
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,436	9,555	28,550	27,351
Operating Segments | North American MSP | Domestic
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	9,358	9,478	28,323	27,009
Operating Segments | North American MSP | International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	78	77	227	342
Operating Segments | North American MSP | Staffing Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,313	5,664	18,233	16,049
Operating Segments | North American MSP | Direct Placement Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	583	697	2,127	2,073
Operating Segments | North American MSP | Managed Service Programs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	2,540	3,194	8,190	9,229
Operating Segments | North American MSP | Call Center Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues		0		0
Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	149	1,856	539	15,133
Corporate and Other | Domestic
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	1,662	0	14,593
Corporate and Other | International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	149	194	539	540
Corporate and Other | Staffing Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	149	194	539	540
Corporate and Other | Direct Placement Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Corporate and Other | Managed Service Programs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Corporate and Other | Call Center Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues		1,662		14,593
Eliminations
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	(104)	(604)	(874)	(1,965)
Eliminations | Domestic
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	(84)	(578)	(813)	(1,897)
Eliminations | International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	(20)	(26)	(61)	(68)
Eliminations | Staffing Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	(104)	(383)	(874)	(966)
Eliminations | Direct Placement Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	(221)	0	(999)
Eliminations | Managed Service Programs
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Eliminations | Call Center Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues		$ 0		$ 0

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Revenue Recognition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 0	$ 0
Long-term contract liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Schedule of Changes in AOCL (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
BEGINNING BALANCE	$ 42,946	$ 36,189
ENDING BALANCE	40,260	40,260
AOCI Attributable to Parent
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
BEGINNING BALANCE	(7,039)	(6,801)
ENDING BALANCE	(6,306)	(6,306)
Foreign Currency Translation
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Other comprehensive income	$ 733	$ 495

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019	Jul. 28, 2019
DZ Financing Program
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 16.9
Aggregate borrowing base usage	84.5
Long-term debt	60.0		$ 55.0
Restricted cash and short-term investments
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Short-term investments	2.9	$ 3.0
Short-Term Credit Facility | Restricted cash and short-term investments
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted as collateral	0.5	0.5
Letter of Credit | DZ Financing Program
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Line of credit, amount outstanding	24.5
Associated Vendors
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 4.0	$ 9.3

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax provision	$ 556	$ 165	$ 774	$ 671

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Debt - Narrative (Details)			2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			4 Months Ended	5 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 11, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 14, 2020 USD ($)	Aug. 02, 2020 USD ($)	Nov. 01, 2020 USD ($)	Aug. 02, 2020 USD ($)	Jul. 28, 2019 USD ($)	Aug. 02, 2020 USD ($)	Aug. 02, 2020 USD ($)	Aug. 02, 2020 USD ($)	Jul. 28, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 11, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 10, 2020 USD ($)	Nov. 03, 2019 USD ($)	Jul. 19, 2019 USD ($)
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Approximate weekly employee compensation, payroll taxes and payments to vendors									$ 15,000,000.0
DZ Financing Program
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Covenant, minimum tangible net worth	$ 40,000,000.0		$ 20,000,000.0					$ 35,000,000.0
Accounts receivable securitization program, maximum investment limit											$ 100,000,000.0	$ 115,000,000.0
Covenant, maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio									3
Covenant, minimum liquid assets			15,000,000.0		$ 15,000,000.0		$ 15,000,000.0	15,000,000.0	$ 15,000,000.0
Borrowing availability			5,100,000		5,100,000		5,100,000	5,100,000	5,100,000
Long-term debt			60,000,000.0		$ 60,000,000.0	$ 55,000,000.0	60,000,000.0	60,000,000.0	$ 60,000,000.0	$ 55,000,000.0
Interest rate during period					2.00%	4.20%			2.80%	4.20%
DZ Financing Program | Subsequent Event | Forecast
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Covenant, minimum tangible net worth				$ 40,000,000.0
DZ Financing Program | Short Term Financing Program
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Line of credit, amount outstanding			23,300,000		$ 23,300,000		23,300,000	23,300,000	$ 23,300,000
Long-term debt			60,000,000		60,000,000		60,000,000	60,000,000	60,000,000				$ 55,000,000
DZ Financing Program | Letter of Credit
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity of facility		$ 35,000,000.0
Line of credit, amount outstanding			24,500,000		24,500,000		24,500,000	24,500,000	24,500,000
DZ Financing Program | Letter of Credit, Security Deposit
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Line of credit, amount outstanding			$ 1,200,000		$ 1,200,000		1,200,000	$ 1,200,000	$ 1,200,000
DZ Financing Program | Federal Funds Rate | Letter of Credit
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		3.00%
DZ Financing Program | Prime Rate | Letter of Credit
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		2.50%
COVID-19 Pandemic
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Weekly reduction to payroll and related tax payments							$ 3,000,000.0
Minimum
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Target liquidity ratio									1.5
Minimum | DZ Financing Program
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Additional borrowing capacity of facility														$ 5,000,000.0
Maximum | DZ Financing Program
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Additional borrowing capacity of facility														$ 7,000,000.0

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Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019	Jul. 28, 2019
Less:
Total long-term debt, net	$ 58,930	$ 53,894
DZ Financing Program
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Financing programs	60,000		$ 55,000
Short Term Financing Program | DZ Financing Program
Extinguishment of Debt [Line Items]
Financing programs	60,000	55,000
Less:
Deferred financing fees	1,070	1,106
Total long-term debt, net	$ 58,930	$ 53,894

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Summary of Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	May 03, 2020	Feb. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Apr. 28, 2019	Jan. 27, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Numerator
Net loss	$ (4,837)	$ (5,425)	$ (10,808)	$ (6,057)	$ (5,165)	$ (3,215)	$ (21,070)	$ (14,437)
Denominator
Basic weighted average number of shares (shares)	21,589			21,157			21,474	21,106
Dilutive weighted average number of shares (shares)	21,589			21,157			21,474	21,106
Net loss per share:
Basic (usd per share)	$ (0.22)			$ (0.29)			$ (0.98)	$ (0.68)
Diluted (usd per share)	$ (0.22)			$ (0.29)			$ (0.98)	$ (0.68)

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Restricted Stock Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from EPS (shares)	1,006,798	632,240	1,006,798	632,240
Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from EPS (shares)	331,944	636,664	331,944	636,664
Performance Share Units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from EPS (shares)	209,662	355,318	209,662	355,318

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Share-Based Compensation Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Nov. 03, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation	$ 0.4	$ 0.6	$ 1.1	$ 1.3
Deferred cash awards	2.2		2.2
Aggregate cash payments made, in lieu of equity awards			$ 0.4
Options exercised in period (shares)			0
Total unrecognized compensation cost	1.6		$ 1.6
Weighted average vesting period			2 years 2 months 12 days
Compensation cost not yet recognized, expected in 2020	0.3		$ 0.3
Compensation cost not yet recognized, expected in 2021	0.9		0.9
Compensation cost not yet recognized, expected in 2022	0.3		0.3
Compensation cost not yet recognized, expected in 2023	$ 0.1		$ 0.1
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Cash Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of grants in period			$ 0.7		$ 2.1
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Board of Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					1 year
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | Employee
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					3 years
Performance Stock Units (PSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					3 years
Fair value of grants in period					$ 1.2
Performance Stock Units (PSUs) | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments other than options, payout percentage					0.00%
Performance Stock Units (PSUs) | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments other than options, payout percentage					150.00%
Performance Stock Units (PSUs) | Vesting Period One
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					1 year
Performance Stock Units (PSUs) | Vesting Period Two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					2 years
Performance Stock Units (PSUs) | Vesting Period Three
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period					3 years

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Share-Based Compensation Plans - Schedule of Transactions Involving Outstanding Non-Options Awards (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020 $ / shares shares
Equity and Liability Awards, Performance Share Units
Number of Shares
Outstanding Beginning Balance (shares) | shares	376,986
Forfeited (shares) | shares	(40,311)
Vested (shares) | shares	(127,013)
Outstanding Ending Balance (shares) | shares	209,662
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding Beginning Balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.90
Forfeited (usd per share) | $ / shares	3.38
Vested (usd per share) | $ / shares	4.04
Outstanding Ending Balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.91
Equity and Liability Awards, Restricted Stock Units
Number of Shares
Outstanding Beginning Balance (shares) | shares	667,082
Granted (shares) | shares	625,909
Forfeited (shares) | shares	(4,387)
Vested (shares) | shares	(281,806)
Outstanding Ending Balance (shares) | shares	1,006,798
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding Beginning Balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.86
Granted (usd per share) | $ / shares	1.09
Forfeited (usd per share) | $ / shares	3.79
Vested (usd per share) | $ / shares	3.98
Outstanding Ending Balance (usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.11

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Share-Based Compensation Plans - Schedule of Transactions Involving Outstanding Stock Options (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Feb. 02, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019
Number of Shares
Outstanding Beginning Balance (shares)	603,484	603,484
Forfeited (shares)		(60,615)
Expired (shares)		(210,925)
Outstanding Ending Balance (shares)		331,944
Unvested (shares)		44,394
Exercisable (shares)		287,550
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding Beginning Balance (usd per share)	$ 6.28	$ 6.28
Forfeited (usd per share)		8.22
Expired (usd per share)		6.59
Outstanding Ending Balance (usd per share)		5.73
Unvested (usd per share)		4.10
Exercisable (usd per share)		$ 5.98
Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years) and Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding	6 years 9 months 21 days	7 years 2 months 19 days
Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years), Unvested		8 years 1 month 2 days
Weighted Average Contractual Life (in years), Exercisable		7 years 29 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands), Outstanding		$ 0	$ 0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands), Unvested		0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands), Exercisable		$ 0

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Restructuring and Severance Charges - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended					9 Months Ended			22 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 03, 2019	Jul. 28, 2019	Jul. 29, 2018	Aug. 02, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Nov. 04, 2019
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs		$ 546		$ 2,017		$ 2,203	$ 2,203	$ 2,800
Anticipated payments for restructuring							3,642
Reclassified as a reduction to related ROU asset										$ 1,964
Restructuring reserve		442	$ 3,845			442	442		$ 442	$ 1,881
Severance and Benefit Costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs		600
Severance and Benefit Costs | Former Chief Executive Officer
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs					$ 2,600
Restructuring costs, payment period					24 months
Severance and Benefit Costs | Former Chief Financial Officer
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs			$ 900
Restructuring costs, payment period			12 months
Executive Management Change
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring reserve		200				200	200		200
2020 Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs						1,100
Restructuring reserve		100				100	$ 100		100
2020 Plan | Forecast
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Anticipated payments for restructuring	$ 100
2018 Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs									5,500
Operating Segments | North American Staffing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs		335		121		761		329
Operating Segments | International Staffing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs		81		182		192		456
Operating Segments | 2020 Plan | North American Staffing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs						100
Operating Segments | 2020 Plan | International Staffing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs						100
Operating Segments | 2018 Plan | North American Staffing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs									1,100
Operating Segments | 2018 Plan | International Staffing
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs									400
Corporate and Other
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs		$ 130		$ 1,714		1,250		1,947
Corporate and Other | Severance and Benefit Costs
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs								$ 1,700
Corporate and Other | 2020 Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs						$ 900
Corporate and Other | 2018 Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring and severance costs									$ 4,000

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Restructuring and Severance Charges - Summary of Accrued Restructuring and Severance Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Nov. 04, 2019
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year			$ 3,845	$ 1,881
Cease use liabilities transferred to ROU assets						$ (1,964)
Charged to expense	$ 546	$ 2,017	2,203	2,203	$ 2,800
Cash payments				(3,642)
Ending Balance	$ 442		$ 442	$ 442

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Impairment Charges - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment charges	$ 2,384	$ 79	$ 2,395	$ 426
Operating Segments | North American Staffing
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment charges	1,803	0	1,814	0
Corporate and Other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment charges	$ 581	$ 79	$ 581	$ 426

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Related Party Transactions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Staffing services, aggregate amount	$ 185,941	$ 233,176	$ 610,982	$ 738,682
Staffing Services
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Staffing services, aggregate amount	$ 178,829	$ 223,754	588,304	$ 701,893
Related Party | Chairman of the Board | Staffing Services
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Staffing services, aggregate amount			$ 130

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Segment Data - Summary of Sales and Segment Operating Income (Loss) by Reportable Operating Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Aug. 02, 2020	May 03, 2020	Feb. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019	Apr. 28, 2019	Jan. 27, 2019	Aug. 02, 2020	Aug. 02, 2020	Jul. 28, 2019
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
NET REVENUE	$ 185,941			$ 233,176			$ 610,982		$ 738,682
Cost of services	155,983			197,528			517,360		629,078
GROSS MARGIN	29,958			35,648			93,622		109,604
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	31,245			38,395			106,931		117,144
Restructuring and severance costs	546			2,017			2,203	$ 2,203	2,800
Impairment charges	2,384			79			2,395		426
Operating income (loss)	(4,217)			(4,843)			(17,907)		(10,766)
Other income (expense), net	(64)			(1,049)			(2,389)		(3,000)
Income tax provision	556			165			774		671
NET LOSS	(4,837)	$ (5,425)	$ (10,808)	(6,057)	$ (5,165)	$ (3,215)	(21,070)		(14,437)
Operating Segments | North American Staffing
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
NET REVENUE	154,711			193,641			510,492		614,360
Cost of services	130,829			164,809			435,646		526,172
GROSS MARGIN	23,882			28,832			74,846		88,188
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	19,053			24,346			66,905		77,063
Restructuring and severance costs	335			121			761		329
Impairment charges	1,803			0			1,814		0
Operating income (loss)	2,691			4,365			5,366		10,796
Operating Segments | International Staffing
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
NET REVENUE	21,749			28,728			72,275		83,803
Cost of services	17,805			24,181			60,117		70,414
GROSS MARGIN	3,944			4,547			12,158		13,389
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	3,312			4,023			10,845		11,659
Restructuring and severance costs	81			182			192		456
Impairment charges	0			0			0		0
Operating income (loss)	551			342			1,121		1,274
Operating Segments | North American MSP
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
NET REVENUE	9,436			9,555			28,550		27,351
Cost of services	7,375			7,053			22,212		20,157
GROSS MARGIN	2,061			2,502			6,338		7,194
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	1,117			1,382			4,149		3,941
Restructuring and severance costs	0			0			0		68
Impairment charges	0			0			0		0
Operating income (loss)	944			1,120			2,189		3,185
Corporate and Other
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
NET REVENUE	149			1,856			539		15,133
Cost of services	78			2,089			259		14,300
GROSS MARGIN	71			(233)			280		833
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	7,763			8,644			25,032		24,481
Restructuring and severance costs	130			1,714			1,250		1,947
Impairment charges	581			79			581		426
Operating income (loss)	(8,403)			(10,670)			(26,583)		(26,021)
Eliminations
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
NET REVENUE	(104)			(604)			(874)		(1,965)
Cost of services	(104)			(604)			(874)		(1,965)
GROSS MARGIN	0			0			0		0
Selling, administrative and other operating costs	0			0			0		0
Restructuring and severance costs	0			0			0		0
Impairment charges	0			0			0		0
Operating income (loss)	$ 0			$ 0			$ 0		$ 0