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Incentive Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Number of LTIP shares available for issuance
The number of shares available for grant pursuant to awards under the LTIP is as follows:
As of December 31, 2020
Approved and authorized awards12,600,000 
Awards issued under plan(8,861,276)
Awards available for future grant3,738,724 
Number of ESPP shares available for issuance
The number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP is as follows:
As of December 31, 2020
Approved and authorized shares1,250,000 
Shares issued(1,118,790)
Shares available for future issuance131,210 
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense tock-based compensation expense and the associated income tax benefit for awards issued under both the LTIP and ESPP are as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202020192018
 (in millions)
Restricted stock - Equity Awards$49 $79 $65 
Restricted stock - Liability Awards12 19 17 
Performance unit awards21 19 18 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Total stock-based compensation expense$84 $119 $102 
Income tax benefit$$18 $17 
Schedule of restricted stock award activity
Restricted stock award activity is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Equity AwardsLiability Awards
 Number of SharesWeighted
Average Grant-
Date Fair
Value
Number of shares
Beginning incentive compensation awards824,193 $149.99 246,851 
Awards granted386,678 $108.24 136,136 
Awards forfeited(52,607)$115.00 (28,228)
Awards vested (a)(392,283)$151.16 (133,406)
Ending incentive compensation awards765,981 $130.72 221,353 
Schedule of assumptions to estimate the fair value
Assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance unit awards granted in each of the following years are as follows: 
202020192018
Risk-free interest rate0.68%2.49%2.41%
Range of volatilities30.9% -44.7%27.7% -43.4%30.4% -53.3%
Schedule of performance unit activity
Performance unit activity is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Number of
Units (a)
Weighted 
Average Grant-
Date Fair
Value
Beginning performance unit awards116,215 $191.58 
Units granted132,621 $184.06 
Units vested (b)(41,406)$238.68 
Ending performance unit awards207,430 $177.37 
_____________________
(a)Amount reflects the number of performance units initially granted. The actual payout of shares upon vesting may be between zero and 250 percent of the performance units included in this table depending upon the total shareholder return ranking of the Company compared to peer companies at the vesting date.
(b)Units vested reflects the number of performance units that vest upon retirement or departure of eligible officers or when the service period on the award has ended. Awards that vest upon retirement or departure of eligible officers are not transferred to the officer until the original service period of the award lapses. Of the 41,406 units that vested, 4,173 units vested upon retirement of eligible officers in 2020 and will be issued when the performance period ends in 2021 and 2022. On December 31, 2020, the service period lapsed on 62,541 performance unit awards that earned 1.70 shares for each vested award resulting in 106,329 aggregate shares of common stock being issued on January 2, 2021. Of the 62,541 performance unit awards that lapsed, 25,308 units were associated with units that vested in prior years upon retirement or departure of eligible officers.