Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are based upon inputs that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, which are characterized according to a hierarchy that prioritizes those inputs based on the degree to which they are observable. Observable inputs represent market data obtained from independent sources, whereas unobservable inputs reflect a company's own market assumptions, which are used if observable inputs are not reasonably available without undue cost and effort. The three input levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:


•	Level 1 – quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates) and inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.


•	Level 3 – unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value input hierarchy level to which an asset or liability measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety.

The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2014 for each of the fair value hierarchy levels:



	Fair Value Measurement at the End of the Reporting Period Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value at March 31, 2014
	(in millions)
Recurring fair value measurements
Assets:
Commodity derivatives	$	—	$	95	$	—	$	95
Interest rate derivatives	—		10		—		10
Deferred compensation plan assets	67		—		—		67
Total assets	67		105		—		172
Liabilities:
Commodity derivatives	—		42		—		42
Interest rate derivatives	—		4		—		4
Total liabilities	—		46		—		46
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	67	$	59	$	—	$	126

Deferred compensation plan assets. The Company's deferred compensation plan assets represent investments in equity and mutual fund securities that are actively traded on major exchanges. These investments are measured based on observable prices on major exchanges. As of March 31, 2014, the significant inputs to these asset values represented Level 1 independent active exchange market price inputs.

Commodity derivatives. The Company's commodity derivatives represent oil, natural gas liquids ("NGL") and gas swap contracts, collar contracts and collar contracts with short puts. The asset and liability measurements for the Company's commodity derivative contracts represent Level 2 inputs in the hierarchy. The Company utilizes discounted cash flow and option-pricing models for valuing its commodity derivatives.

The asset and liability values attributable to the Company's commodity derivatives were determined based on inputs that include (i) the contracted notional volumes, (ii) independent active market price quotes, (iii) the applicable estimated credit-adjusted risk-free rate yield curve and (iv) the implied rate of volatility inherent in the collar and collar contracts with short puts, which is based on active and independent market-quoted volatility factors.

Interest rate derivatives. The Company's interest rate derivatives as of March 31, 2014 represent interest rate swap contracts. The Company utilizes discounted cash flow models for valuing its interest rate derivatives. The net derivative values attributable to the Company's interest rate derivative contracts as of March 31, 2014 are based on (i) the contracted notional amounts, (ii) active market-quoted London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") yield curves and (iii) the applicable credit-adjusted risk-free rate yield curve. The Company's interest rate derivative asset measurements represent Level 2 inputs in the hierarchy.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets and liabilities can include inventory, proved and unproved oil and gas properties that are written down to fair value when they are impaired and assets and liabilities associated with long-lived assets that have been reduced to fair value when they are held for sale.

Assets classified as held for sale. The Company records assets and liabilities associated with long-lived assets that are classified as held for sale at the lower of the asset's net carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell. The fair value of Pioneer Alaska is based on the sales price, as adjusted for normal closing adjustments, less costs to sell. The fair value of the Barnett Shale field assets is based upon a weighted average calculation that uses management inputs including an estimated sales price and a discounted cash flow model for the proved properties using Level 3 assumptions including management's longer-term commodity price outlooks ("Management's Price Outlooks") for (i) oil and gas prices of $81.58 per barrel ("BBL") for oil and $4.64 per million British thermal units ("MMBTU") for gas, (ii) production costs, (iii) capital expenditures, (iv) production and (v) estimated proved reserves. Management's commodity price outlooks represent longer-term outlooks that are developed based on third-party futures price outlooks as of a measurement date. The expected future net cash flows were discounted using an annual rate of 10 percent to determine estimated fair value. See Note C for additional information regarding the Company's planned divestitures.

The following table presents the estimated fair value less costs to sell as of March 31, 2014 and fair value adjustments for the Company's assets classified as discontinued operations held for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2014:



	Estimated Fair Value Less Costs to Sell		Fair Value Adjustment
	(in millions)
Alaska	$	253	$	(97	)
Barnett Shale field	$	208	$	(14	)

Financial instruments not carried at fair value. Carrying values and fair values of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows:



	March 31, 2014				December 31, 2013
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Long-term debt	$	2,706	$	3,121	$	2,653	$	3,019

Long-term debt includes the Company's credit facility and the Company's senior notes. The fair value of debt is determined utilizing inputs that are Level 2 measurements in the fair value hierarchy.

Credit facility. The fair value of the Company's credit facility is calculated using a discounted cash flow model based on (i) forecasted contractual interest and fee payments, (ii) forward active market-quoted United States Treasury Bill rates and (iii) the applicable credit-adjustments.

Senior notes. The Company's senior notes represent debt securities that are traded on major exchanges but are not actively traded. The fair values of the Company's senior notes are based on their periodic values as quoted on the major exchanges.

The Company has other financial instruments consisting primarily of cash equivalents, receivables, prepaid expenses, payables and other current assets and liabilities that approximate fair value due to the nature of the instrument and their relatively short maturities. Non-financial assets and liabilities initially measured at fair value include certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, goodwill and asset retirement obligations.