Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Management Estimates

Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s most critical accounting policies are more fully discussed in these notes to the financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from genetic testing services is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, service has been rendered, the sales price is determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Service is deemed to be rendered when the results have been reported to the individual who ordered the test. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recognized $141,000 of revenue associated with genetic testing compared to $262,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. To the extent that tests have been prepaid but results have not yet been reported, recognition of all related revenue is deferred. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had deferred revenue of $2.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Included in deferred revenue at March 31, 2017 is $2.4 million for kits that are still outstanding one year or longer after initial kit sale, of which $0.15 million was sold directly to consumers (credit card payments) and $2.23 million was sold to distributors as a promotional bundle. In 2012 and 2013, Access Business Group LLC (“ABG”), an affiliate of Alticor, Inc., a related party (“Alticor”), placed purchase orders totaling approximately $3.3 million for Weight Management test kits. The kits were included as part of a promotional bundle of products that ABG sold to their Individual Business Owners (IBOs).

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recognized $56,000 in Other revenue, compared to $698,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The $56,000 of Other revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was related to royalties received related to the Company’s license agreement with ABG. Of the $698,000 of Other revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2016, $637,000 was related to contracted research revenue and $61,000 was related to royalties received related to the Company’s license agreement with ABG. Revenue from contracted research projects is recognized when the deliverables for which the Company is obligated have been provided to the customer who contracted the project.

The Company recognizes breakage revenue related to genetic test kits utilizing the remote method. Under the remote method, breakage revenue should be recognized when the likelihood of the customer exercising rights of redemption becomes remote. The term remote requires statistical analysis of customer redemption patterns for all tests sold and returned. The Company analyzed redemption patterns from 2009 through 2016 and determined the period of time after which the likelihood of test redemption was remote was three years after the sale of a genetic test kit. Included in genetic test revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is $12,000 and $61,000, respectively, of breakage revenue related to unredeemed genetic test kits sold in the first quarter of 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company expects to continue to recognize breakage revenue on a quarterly basis based on the historical analysis.

Sales Commissions

Sales Commission

On October 26, 2009, the Company entered into a Merchant Network and Channel Partner Agreement with Amway Corp., d/b/a/ Amway Global (“Amway Global”), a subsidiary of Alticor. Pursuant to this Agreement, Amway Global sells the Company’s Inherent Health^® brand of genetic tests through its e-commerce website via a hyperlink to the Company’s e-commerce site. The Company accounts for sales commissions due to Amway Global under the Merchant Network and Channel Partner Agreement in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104. Commissions are recorded as an expense at the time they become due, which is at the point of sale. The cost of commissions was $113,000 and $67,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is stated at estimated net realizable value, which is generally the invoiced amount less any estimated discount related to payment terms. The Company offers its commercial genetic test customers a 2% cash discount if payment is made by bank wire transfer within 10 days of the invoice date. No accounts receivable reserve is required at March 31, 2017 as all accounts receivable are expected to be collected.

Inventory

Inventory

Kit inventory is carried at lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market and no inventory reserve was deemed necessary as of March 31, 2017. As the Company does not manufacture any products, no overhead costs are included in inventory. Inventory is stored at a fulfillment provider. Inventory consisted of the following at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Inventory consisted of the following:

	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Raw materials	$	63,164	$	68,447
Finished goods		4,247		4,617
Total inventory, net	$	67,411	$	73,064

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The standard addresses all forms of share-based payment (SBP) awards, including shares issued under employee stock purchase plans, stock options, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights. The Company expenses SBP awards within compensation cost for SBP transactions measured at fair value. Compensation cost for the portion of awards for which the requisite service has not been rendered that are outstanding as of the effective date shall be recognized as the requisite service is rendered on or after the effective date. The compensation cost for that portion of awards shall be based on the grant-date fair value of those awards as calculated under the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Common stock purchased pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan will be expensed based upon the fair market value in excess of purchase price.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of the enacted tax law; the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets of approximately $38.2 million as of March 31, 2017, due to uncertainties related to its ability to utilize these assets. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which the Company operates and the period over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or management adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company may need to adjust its valuation allowance, which could materially impact its financial position and results of operations.

As a result of the Company’s change in its capital structure during the quarters ended June 30, 2013, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2016 the Company may have undergone IRC section 382 ownership changes which would limit its ability to realize the benefit of its tax attributes (i.e., federal/state net operating losses and research and development credits) during their respective carry forward periods. The Company has not performed an analysis to determine the extent of such limitations, if any.

The Company reviews its recognition threshold and measurement process for recording in the financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company reviews all material tax positions for all years open to statute to determine whether it is more likely than not that the positions taken would be sustained based on the technical merits of those positions. The Company did not recognize any adjustments for uncertain tax positions as of and during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC 260,  Earnings per Share, which establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. Basic and diluted net loss per share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for all the periods presented, as the effect of the potential common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive due to the loss in each period. Potential common stock equivalents excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share are as follows:

	As of March 31,
	2017		2016
Options outstanding		37,432,023		22,089,527
Warrants outstanding		149,733,227		88,301,079
Total		187,165,250		110,390,606

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company, using available market information, has determined the estimated fair values of financial instruments. The stated values of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these instruments. The fair value of warrants is calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash

The Company maintains its cash with a domestic financial institution that the Company believes to be of high credit standing. The Company believes that, as of March 31, 2017, its concentration of credit risk related to cash was not significant. Cash is available on demand and amounts are generally in excess of FDIC insurance limits. As of March 31, 2017, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining term of the lease.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company has one segment, the genetic test business. The Company develops genetic tests for sale into the emerging personalized health market and performs testing services that can help individuals improve and maintain their health through preventive measures. The Company’s principal operations and markets are located in the United States.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB ASC 606 ASU 2014-09 - Revenue from contracts with customers.

In May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (e.g., insurance contracts or lease contracts). The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue on contracts with customers to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance requires that an entity depict the consideration by applying the following five steps:

⋅ Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

⋅ Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

⋅ Determine the transaction price.

⋅ Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

⋅ Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. This amendment is to be either retrospectively adopted to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this ASU recognized at the date of initial application.

In April 2015, the FASB voted to defer the required implementation date of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Public companies may elect to adopt the standard along the original timeline. Revenue from the Company’s genetic testing services is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, service has been rendered, the sales price is determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Service is deemed to be rendered when the results have been reported to the individual who ordered the test or the requesting physician. To the extent that tests have been prepaid but results have not yet been reported, recognition of all related revenue is deferred. The Company is not electing to adopt early and is evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company’s accounting practices as well as its financial disclosures.

FASB ASU 2016-02 - Leases (Topic 842).

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). The updated standard aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its financial statements. 

FASB ASU 2016-09, - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09. The standard is intended to simplify several areas of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including the income tax impact, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted.

The Company accounts for stock options based on their grant date fair value and recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over their vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company, in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-09, has elected to estimate forfeitures as the time of grant, and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from its estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and records stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. To the extent that actual forfeitures differ from the Company’s estimates, the difference is recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period the estimates were revised. Stock-based compensation expense is classified as research and development or selling, general and administrative based on the grantee’s respective compensation classification.

Prior to January 1, 2017, the Company recognized the excess tax benefits of stock-based compensation expense as additional paid-in capital (“APIC”), and tax deficiencies of stock-based compensation expense in the income tax provision or as APIC to the extent that there were sufficient recognized excess tax benefits previously recognized. As a result of the prior guidance that excess tax benefits reduce taxes payable prior to being recognized as an increase in paid in capital, the Company had not recognized certain deferred tax assets (all tax attributes such as loss or credit carryforwards) that could be attributed to tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting.  As of January 1, 2017, the Company had generated federal net operating loss carryforwards due to excess tax benefits of $2.5 million.

Effective as of January 1, 2017, the Company adopted a change in accounting policy in accordance with ASU 2016-09 to account for excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as income tax expense or benefit, treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur, and to recognize previously unrecognized deferred tax assets that arose directly from (or the use of which was postponed by) tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting. No prior periods were restated as a result of this change in accounting policy as the Company previously maintained a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets that could be attributed to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting.