Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s most critical accounting policies are more fully discussed in these notes to the financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from genetic testing services is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, service has been rendered, the sales price is determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Service is deemed to be rendered when the results have been reported to the individual who ordered the test. To the extent that tests have been prepaid but results have not yet been reported, recognition of all related revenue is deferred. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had deferred genetic test revenue of $3.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2015 is $2.6 million for kits that are still outstanding one year or longer after initial kit sale, of which $0.3 million was sold directly to consumers (credit card payments) and $2.3 million was sold to distributors for the promotional bundle. Beginning in September 2012 and again in 2013, Access Business Group LLC (“ABG”), an affiliate of Alticor, placed purchase orders totaling approximately $3.3 million consisting of Weight Management test kits. The kits are included as part of a promotional bundle of products that Amway sold to their Individual Business Owners (IBOs).

The Company recognizes breakage revenue related to genetic test kits utilizing the remote method. Under the remote method, breakage revenue should be recognized when the likelihood of the customer exercising rights of redemption becomes remote. The term remote requires statistical analysis of customer redemption patterns for all tests sold and returned. The Company analyzed redemption patterns from 2009 through 2015 and determined the period of time after which the likelihood of test redemption was remote was three years after the sale of a genetic test kit. Included in genetic test revenue in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is $218,000 and $309,000, respectively, of breakage revenue related to unredeemed genetic test kits sold in 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company expects to continue to recognize breakage revenue on a quarterly basis based on the historical analysis.

 

Sales Commission

On October 26, 2009, the Company entered into a Merchant Network and Channel Partner Agreement with Amway Corp., d/b/a/ Amway Global (“Amway Global”), a subsidiary of Alticor Inc. (“Alticor”). Pursuant to this Agreement, Amway Global sells the Company’s Inherent Health^® brand of genetic tests through its e-commerce website via a hyperlink to our e-commerce site. The Company accounts for sales commissions due to Amway Global under the Merchant Network and Channel Partner Agreement in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104. Commissions are recorded as an expense at the time they become due which is at the point of sale. The cost of commissions was $302,000 and $218,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

 

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is stated at estimated net realizable value, which is generally the invoiced amount less any estimated discount related to payment terms. The Company offers its commercial genetic test customers a 2% cash discount if payment is made by bank wire transfer within 10 days of the invoice date. No accounts receivable reserve is required at December 31, 2015 as all accounts receivable are expected to be collected. 

Inventory

 

Inventory is carried at lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market and no inventory reserve is deemed necessary at December 31, 2015. As the Company does not manufacture any products, no overhead costs are included in inventory. The Company has contracted with a fulfillment provider to supply its PerioPredict^® genetic tests kits to dental offices. The agreement with the fulfillment provider requires them to purchase and fulfill all materials related to the PerioPredict^® test and Body Key™ genetic test kits, with the Company’s approval. The Company reimburses the fulfillment provider for materials and pays fulfillment charges when the product is shipped. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company made a one-time purchase of $33,000 of inventory related to its PerioPredict^® test from our fulfillment provider, which is held at our fulfillment center. The balance of our inventory is related to our Inherent Health^® brand and is stored at a separate facility. When a kit is sold, the corresponding cost of the kit is recorded as deferred cost of goods sold and removed from inventory. Any kit components remaining at the fulfillment center are reflected in inventory with a corresponding offset to accounts payable.

 

Inventory consisted of the following at December 31, 2015 and 2014:

	December 31, 2015		December 31, 2014
Raw materials	$	112,372	$	163,239
Finished goods		12,211		8,336
Total inventory, net	$	124,583	$	171,575

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The standard addresses all forms of share-based payment (SBP) awards, including shares issued under employee stock purchase plans, stock options, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights. The Company expenses SBP awards within compensation cost for SBP transactions measured at fair value. Compensation cost for the portion of awards for which the requisite service has not been rendered that are outstanding as of the effective date shall be recognized as the requisite service is rendered on or after the effective date. The compensation cost for that portion of awards shall be based on the grant-date fair value of those awards as calculated under the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Common stock purchased pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan will be expensed based upon the fair market value in excess of purchase price.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of the enacted tax law; the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets of approximately $33.5 million as of December 31, 2015, due to uncertainties related to its ability to utilize these assets. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates of taxable income by jurisdiction in which the Company operates and the period over which the deferred tax assets will be recoverable. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or management adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company may need to adjust its valuation allowance, which could materially impact its financial position and results of operations.

As a result of the Company’s change in its capital structure during the quarters ended June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2014, the Company may have undergone IRC section 382 ownership changes which would limit its ability to realize the benefit of its tax attributes (i.e., federal/state net operating losses and research and development credits) during their respective carry forward periods. Furthermore, pursuant to the change in capital structure in the quarter ended June 30, 2013, the Company realized cancellation of indebtedness income under IRC section 108(e)(8), which reduced the Company’s federal net operating loss carry-forward pursuant to IRC section 108(b)(2)(A), due to the fact that the Company’s liabilities exceeded the fair market value of its assets. Accordingly, the Company had a reduction in its deferred tax asset and a corresponding reduction in its valuation allowance for the quarter ending June 30, 2013. The cancellation of indebtedness income resulted from a shareholder’s conversion of debt of approximately $14.3 million into common stock of the Company prior to an additional investment by an unrelated investor.

 

The Company reviews its recognition threshold and measurement process for recording in the financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company reviews all material tax positions for all years open to statute to determine whether it is more likely than not that the positions taken would be sustained based on the technical merits of those positions. The Company did not recognize any adjustments for uncertain tax positions as of and during the year ended December 31, 2015. However, if the Company incurred interest and penalties they would be recorded in general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC 260, Earnings per Share, which establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. Basic and diluted net loss per share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for all the periods presented, as the effect of the potential common stock equivalents is anti-dilutive due to the loss in each period. Potential common stock equivalents excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share are as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2015		2014
Options outstanding		21,657,776		4,523,900
Warrants outstanding		88,301,079		89,951,079
Total		109,958,855		94,474,979

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no items other than net loss included in the determination of comprehensive loss.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company, using available market information, has determined the estimated fair values of financial instruments. The stated values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these instruments. The fair value of warrants is calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with domestic financial institutions that the Company believes to be of high credit standing. The Company believes that, as of December 31, 2015, its concentration of credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents was not significant. Cash and cash equivalents are available on demand and are generally in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining term of the lease.

Assets that have not yet been placed in service, have the costs incurred presented as part of Projects in Progress. Once the asset has been placed in service, the related costs are transferred to the appropriate category and depreciation commences. There are no items in Projects in Process for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, including intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. Any write-downs, based on fair value, are to be treated as permanent reductions in the carrying amount of the assets. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a write down of $66,000 associated with the patents that no longer were needed to support the Company’s business. The Company determined that no impairment existed related to the Company’s long-lived assets at December 31, 2015.

Segment Reporting

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has one segment, the genetic test business. The Company develops genetic tests for sale into the emerging personalized health market and performs testing services that can help individuals improve and maintain their health through preventive measures. The Company’s principal operations and markets are located in the United States.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB ASU 2015-03 - Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, which requires that debt issuance costs be reported in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of the related liability, consistent with the presentation of debt discounts.  Prior to the amendments, debt issuance costs were presented as a deferred charge (i.e., an asset) on the balance sheet.  Further, the amendments require the amortization of debt issuance costs to be reported as interest expense. Similarly, debt issuance costs and any discount or premium are considered in the aggregate when determining the effective interest rate on the debt. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments must be applied retrospectively. All entities have the option of adopting the new requirements as of an earlier date for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASC 606 ASU 2014-09 - Revenue from contracts with customers.

In May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (e.g., insurance contracts or lease contracts). The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue on contracts with customers to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance requires that an entity depict the consideration by applying the following five steps:

⋅ Identify the contract(s) with a customer.

⋅ Identify the performance obligations in the contract.

⋅ Determine the transaction price.

⋅ Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.

⋅ Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. This amendment is to be either retrospectively adopted to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this ASU recognized at the date of initial application. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance to determine whether or not it has a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB voted to defer the required implementation date of ASU 2014-09 to December 2017. Public companies may elect to adopt the standard along the original timeline. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance to determine whether or not it has a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

FASB ASC 606 ASU 2014-15 - Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40); Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, which applies should a company be facing probable liquidation within one year of the issuance of the financial statements, but is not actually in liquidation at the time of issuance. The applicable basis for presentation remains as a going concern, but if liquidation within one year is probable, then certain disclosures must be included in the financial statement presentation. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is not electing to adopt early and is evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-15 on the Company’s financial disclosures.