Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for expected credit losses represents the Company's best estimate based on historical information, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events and circumstances.

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost, which includes direct materials, labor and overhead, is generally determined using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. The estimated net realizable value is based on assumptions for future demand and related pricing. Adjustments to the cost basis of the Company’s inventory are made for excess and obsolete items based on usage, orders and technological obsolescence. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, reductions in the value of inventory may be required.

Goodwill, representing the excess of purchase price over the net asset value of companies acquired, and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. The annual evaluation for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are generally based on an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount.

Other intangible assets include indefinite-lived assets and assets subject to amortization. Where applicable, amortization is charged on a straight-line basis over the expected period to be benefited. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the cost of the intangible assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. The Company assesses the initial acquisition of intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 805 “Business Combinations” and the continued accounting for previously recognized intangible assets and goodwill in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” and ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment.”

Other intangible assets consisted of the following:



	March 31, 2020							December 31, 2019
	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangibles, Net		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangibles, Net
Customer relationships	$	199,969	$	(60,750	)	$	139,219	$	197,764	$	(58,851	)	$	138,913
Proven technology and patents	75,791		(47,789		)	28,002		75,170		(46,532		)	28,638
Tradename (finite life)	4,586		(3,154		)	1,432		4,594		(3,124		)	1,470
Tradename (indefinite life)	35,465		—			35,465		35,474		—			35,474
Other	5,703		(4,126		)	1,577		5,462		(3,715		)	1,747
	$	321,514	$	(115,819	)	$	205,695	$	318,464	$	(112,222	)	$	206,242

The Company recognized amortization expense associated with the above intangible assets of $3.9 million and $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The annual aggregate amortization expense based on the current balance of other intangible assets is estimated at

$15.7 million for 2020, $14.6 million for 2021, $13.1 million for 2022, $13.9 million for 2023, $12.6 million for 2024 and $11.7 million for 2025. Purchased intangible amortization was $3.7 million, $2.8 million after tax, and $3.5 million, $2.6 million after tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Product revenue is recognized from contracts with customers when a customer has obtained control of a product. The Company considers control to have transferred based upon shipping terms. To the extent the Company’s arrangements have a separate performance obligation, revenue related to any post-shipment performance obligation is deferred until completed. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in total net sales and the associated expense is a component of cost of sales. Certain products are also sold through indirect distribution channels whereby the distributor assumes any further obligations to the end customer. Revenue is recognized on these distributor arrangements upon transfer of control to the distributor. Contracts do not contain variable pricing arrangements that are retrospective, except for rebate programs. Rebates are estimated based on expected sales volumes and offset against revenue at the time such revenue is recognized. The Company generally maintains the right to accept or reject a product return in its terms and conditions and also maintains appropriate accruals for outstanding credits. The related provisions for estimated returns and rebates are immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.

Certain of the Company’s product arrangements include separate performance obligations, primarily related to installation. Such performance obligations are accounted for separately when the deliverables have stand-alone value and the satisfaction of the undelivered performance obligations is probable and within the Company's control. The allocation of revenue between the performance obligations is based on the observable stand-alone selling prices at the time of the sale in accordance with a number of factors including service technician billing rates, time to install, and geographic location.

Software is generally not considered a distinct performance obligation with the exception of a few small software applications. The Company generally does not sell software products without the related hardware instrument as the software is embedded in the product. The Company’s products typically require no significant production, modification, or customization of the hardware or software that is essential to the functionality of the products.

Service revenue not under contract is recognized upon the completion of the service performed. Revenue from spare parts sold on a stand-alone basis is recognized when control is transferred to the customer, which is generally at the time of shipment or delivery. Revenue from service contracts is recognized ratably over the contract period using a time-based method. These contracts represent an obligation to perform repair and other services including regulatory compliance qualification, calibration, certification, and preventative maintenance on a customer’s pre-defined equipment over the contract period.

assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement of the lease based upon the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Lease payments include both lease and non-lease components for items or activities that transfer a good and service. Vehicle lease and non-lease components are separately accounted for based on standalone value. Real estate lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single component. Operating lease right-of-use assets include initial direct costs, advanced lease payments and lease incentives.

The lease term reflects the noncancellable period of the lease together with periods covered by an option to extend or terminate the lease when management is reasonably certain that it will exercise such option. The Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments as the information necessary to determine the rate implicit in the lease is not readily available. The incremental borrowing rate reflects similar terms by geographic location to the underlying leases. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments consist of non-lease services related to the lease. Variable lease payments are excluded from the right-of-use asset and lease liabilities and are expensed as incurred. Short-term leases are less than one year without purchase or renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The right-of-use asset is tested for impairment in accordance with ASC 360.

In situations where contractual termination benefits exist, the Company records accruals for employee termination benefits when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. All other employee termination arrangements are recognized and measured at their fair value at the communication date unless the employee is required to render additional service beyond the legal notification period, in which case the liability is recognized ratably over the future service period.

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense within selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income with a corresponding offset to additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company recorded $4.4 million and $4.5 million of share-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company accounts for business acquisitions under the accounting standards for business combinations. The results of each acquisition are included in the Company's consolidated results as of the acquisition date. The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values and any consideration in excess of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Acquisition transaction costs are expensed when incurred.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13: Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The ASU requires the allowance for doubtful accounts to be estimated based on an incurred loss model, which considers historical and forecasted conditions. The guidance became effective for the Company January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis and did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14: Compensation - Retirement Benefit which amends the current disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension plans and other post-retirement plans. The change in the disclosures will be applied retrospectively and become effective December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the benefit plan disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15: Internal-Use Software which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs associated with cloud-computing internal-use software arrangements. The implementation costs should be capitalized and expensed over the service term, including options to extend, and recognized in selling, general, and administrative in the statement of operations. The guidance became effective January 1, 2020 and is applied on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12: Income Taxes which removes certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC 740 related to intraperiod tax allocation exceptions, deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences, and year-to-date losses in interim periods. In addition, the ASU amends the interim guidance to clarify that all tax effects, both deferred and current, related to enactments of tax laws or rate changes should be accounted for in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The change is applied prospectively and becomes effective December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04: Reference Rate Reform which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by discontinuance of LIBOR or another referenced rate. The guidance maybe be applied to any applicable contract entered into before December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.