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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturity dates of three months or less. The carrying value of these cash equivalents approximates fair value.
Trade Accounts Receivable, Policy
Trade Accounts Receivable
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents the Company’s best estimate of probable credit losses in its existing trade accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based upon a review of both specific accounts for collection and the age of the accounts receivable portfolio.
Inventories, Policy
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost, which includes direct materials, labor and overhead, is generally determined using the first in, first out (FIFO) method. The estimated net realizable value is based on assumptions for future demand and related pricing. Adjustments to the cost basis of the Company’s inventory are made for excess and obsolete items based on usage, orders and technological obsolescence. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, reductions in the value of inventory may be required.
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy
Long-Lived Assets
a)
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company expenses all internal-use software costs incurred in the preliminary project stage and capitalizes certain direct costs associated with the development and purchase of internal-use software within property, plant and equipment. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the software, generally not exceeding 10 years.
Depreciation and amortization are charged on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Buildings and improvements
15 to 50 years
Machinery and equipment
3 to 12 years
Computer software
3 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of useful life or lease term
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy
b)
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, representing the excess of purchase price over the net asset value of companies acquired, and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. The annual evaluation for goodwill is generally based on an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company is unable to conclude that a reporting unit is not impaired after considering the totality of events and circumstances during its qualitative assessment, the Company performs the first step of the two-step impairment test by estimating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the Company performs the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The annual evaluation for indefinite-lived intangible assets is based on valuation models that estimate fair value based on expected future cash flows and profitability projections. The adoption of the recently issued goodwill impairment measurement guidance during September 2011 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
Other intangible assets include indefinite-lived assets and assets subject to amortization. Where applicable, amortization is charged on a straight-line basis over the expected period to be benefited. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the cost of the intangible assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. The Company assesses the initial acquisition of intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 805 "Business Combinations" and the continued accounting for previously recognized intangible assets and goodwill in accordance with the provisions of ASC 350 "Intangible - Goodwill and Other" and ASC 360 "Property, Plant and Equipment."
Accounting for Impairment of Long Lived Assets, Policy
Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses the need to record impairment losses on long-lived assets with finite lives when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from use of the asset are less than the asset’s carrying value, with the loss measured as the difference between carrying value and fair value.
Income Tax, Policy
Taxation
The Company files tax returns in each jurisdiction in which it operates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in the respective jurisdictions in which the Company operates. In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Deferred taxes are not provided on the unremitted earnings of subsidiaries outside of the United States when it is expected that these earnings are permanently reinvested. Such earnings may become taxable upon the sale or liquidation of these subsidiaries or upon the remittance of dividends. Deferred taxes are provided when the Company no longer considers subsidiary earnings to be permanently invested, such as in situations where the Company’s subsidiaries plan to make future dividend distributions.
The Company recognizes accrued amounts of interest and penalties related to its uncertain tax positions as part of income tax expense within its consolidated statement of operations.
Currency Transactions and Translations Policy
Currency Translation and Transactions
The reporting currency for the consolidated financial statements of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for the Company’s operations is generally the applicable local currency. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of companies whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar are included in the consolidated financial statements by translating the assets and liabilities into the reporting currency at the exchange rates applicable at the end of the reporting period. The statements of operations and cash flows of such non-U.S. dollar functional currency operations are translated at the monthly average exchange rates during the year. Translation gains or losses are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses are included as a component of net earnings.
Revenue Recognition, Policy
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when title to a product has transferred and any significant customer obligations have been fulfilled. Standard shipping terms are generally FOB shipping point in most countries and, accordingly, title and risk of loss transfers upon shipment. In countries where title cannot legally transfer before delivery, the Company defers revenue recognition until delivery has occurred. The Company generally maintains the right to accept or reject a product return in its terms and conditions and also maintains appropriate accruals for outstanding credits. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are included in total net sales and the associated expense is recorded in cost of sales for all periods presented. Other than a few small software applications, the Company does not sell software products without the related hardware instrument as the software is embedded in the instrument. The Company’s products typically require no significant production, modification or customization of the hardware or software that is essential to the functionality of the products. To the extent the Company’s solutions have a post-shipment obligation, such as customer acceptance, revenue is deferred until the obligation has been completed. The Company defers product revenue where installation is required, unless such installation is deemed perfunctory. The Company also sometimes enters into certain arrangements that require the separate delivery of multiple goods and/or services. These deliverables are accounted for separately if the deliverables have standalone value and the performance of undelivered items is probable and within the Company's control. The allocation of revenue between the separate deliverables is typically based on the relative selling price at the time of the sale in accordance with a number of factors including service technician billing rates, time to install and geographic location. The adoption of the revised multiple-element arrangement guidance on January 1, 2011, has not and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.
Further, certain products are also sold through indirect distribution channels whereby the distributor assumes any further obligations to the customer upon title transfer. Revenue is recognized on these products upon transfer of title and risk of loss to its distributors. Distributor discounts are offset against revenue at the time such revenue is recognized.
Service revenue not under contract is recognized upon the completion of the service performed. Spare parts sold on a stand-alone basis are recognized upon title and risk of loss transfer which is generally at the time of shipment. Revenues from service contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period. These contracts represent an obligation to perform repair and other services including regulatory compliance qualification, calibration, certification and preventative maintenance on a customer’s pre-defined equipment over the contract period. Service contracts are separately priced and payment is typically received from the customer at the beginning of the contract period.
Research and Development Expense, Policy
Research and Development
Research and development costs primarily consist of salaries, consulting and other costs. The Company expenses these costs as incurred.
Warranty, Policy
Warranty
The Company generally offers one-year warranties on most of its products. Product warranties are recorded at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage and service costs incurred in correcting a product failure.
Employee Termination Benefits, Policy
Employee Termination Benefits
In situations where contractual termination benefits exist, the Company records accruals for employee termination benefits when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. All other employee termination arrangements are recognized and measured at their fair value at the communication date unless the employee is required to render additional service beyond the legal notification period, in which case the liability is recognized ratably over the future service period.
Earnings per Common Share, Policy
Earnings per Common Share
In accordance with the treasury stock method, the Company has included 941,586, 859,634 and 574,418 common equivalent shares in the calculation of diluted weighted average number of common shares for the years ending December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, relating to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units.
Outstanding options and restricted stock units to purchase or receive 197,629, 474,443 and 1,017,136 shares of common stock for the years ending December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares as such options and restricted stock units would be anti-dilutive.
Equity Based Compensation, Policy
Equity-Based Compensation
The Company applies the fair value methodology in accounting for its equity-based compensation plan.
Derivatives Financial Instruments, Policy
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company has only limited involvement with derivative financial instruments and does not use them for trading purposes. As described more fully in Note 5, the Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to economically hedge certain short-term intercompany balances involving its international businesses. Such contracts limit the Company’s exposure to currency fluctuations on the items they hedge. These contracts are adjusted to fair market value as of each balance sheet date, with the resulting changes in fair value being recognized in the appropriate financial statement caption in the income statement consistent with the underlying hedged item.
The Company also enters into interest rate swap agreements in order to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates. The differential paid or received on interest rate swap agreements is recognized in interest expense over the life of the agreements as incurred. Floating to fixed interest rate swap agreements are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Changes in fair value of outstanding interest rate swap agreements that are effective as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income as incurred. Fixed to floating interest rate swap agreements are accounted for as fair value hedges. Changes in fair value of outstanding interest rate swap agreements that are effective as fair value hedges are recognized in earnings as incurred and offset by the change in fair value of the hedged item.
Fair Value Measurements, Policy
Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures or monitors certain assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is used on a recurring basis for assets and liabilities in which fair value is the primary basis of accounting, mainly derivative instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The Company applies the fair value hierarchy established under U.S. GAAP and when possible looks to active and observable markets to price identical assets and liabilities. If identical assets and liabilities are not traded in active markets, the Company looks to market observable data for similar assets and liabilities.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on the measurement of goodwill impairment. An entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is not less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. The Company elected to adopt this guidance upon issuance. The adoption of this guidance did not impact the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.
In June 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income. An entity has the option to present the components and total of net income and the components and the total of other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. This guidance becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2012. The adoption of this guidance will not impact the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position.
In October 2009, the FASB issued authoritative guidance impacting two areas of revenue recognition. First, the guidance revises previous criteria for separating deliverables and allocating consideration to units of accounting in multiple deliverable arrangements. Arrangement consideration under the new guidance is allocated on the basis of “relative selling price” rather than fair value. The guidance establishes a hierarchy for determining relative selling price requiring first the use of vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) if it exists, then the use of third party evidence. If neither VSOE nor third party evidence exists, estimated selling price may be used. In addition, the guidance no longer permits the use of the residual method of allocation. Secondly, guidance was issued excluding software components essential to the functionality of tangible products from the scope of software revenue recognition. This new authoritative guidance requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures and became effective for the Company on January 1, 2011. The adoption of this guidance has not and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial position in periods after initial adoption.