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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Expected installment payments of one-time transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings
The Company expects future installment payments as follows:

2023
 
$
27,670
 
2024
   
36,893
 
2025
   
46,117
 
Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interest
Income (loss) before taxes consists of the following components:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2022
   
2021
   
2020
 
 
                 
Domestic
  $
132,426
    $
62,921
 
$
(25,884
)
Foreign
   
461,079
     
371,689
     
184,212
 
 
  $
593,505
    $
434,610
   
$
158,328
 
Components of income taxes
Significant components of income taxes are as follows:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2022
   
2021
   
2020
 
 
                 
Current:
                 
Federal
 
$
24,423
   
$
2,336
   
$
7,327
 
State and local
   
3,313
     
466
     
218
 
Foreign
   
121,810
     
82,258
     
55,399
 
     
149,546
     
85,060
     
62,944
 
Deferred:
                       
Federal
   
(40,136
)
   
554
     
(6,068
)
State and local
   
532
     
383
     
(538
)
Foreign
   
53,080
     
49,676
     
(21,793
)
     
13,476
     
50,613
     
(28,399
)
Total income tax expense
 
$
163,022
   
$
135,673
   
$
34,545
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

   
December 31,
 
 
 
2022
   
2021
 
             
Deferred tax assets:
           
Pension and other retiree obligations
 
$
29,327
   
$
50,069
 
Inventories
   
21,040
     
17,168
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
   
82,498
     
115,200
 
Tax credit carryforwards
   
53,145
     
76,213
 
Other accruals and reserves
   
37,634
     
29,332
 
Total gross deferred tax assets
   
223,644
     
287,982
 
Less valuation allowance
   
(101,169
)
   
(186,204
)
     
122,475
     
101,778
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Property and equipment
   
(8,307
)
   
(1,514
)
Tax deductible goodwill
   
(6,144
)
   
(5,412
)
Earnings not indefinitely reinvested
   
(113,661
)
   
(67,172
)
Other - net
   
(6,879
)
   
(1,646
)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
   
(134,991
)
   
(75,744
)
                 
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
 
$
(12,516
)
 
$
26,034
 
Federal statutory income tax rate reconciliation
A reconciliation of income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to actual income tax provision is as follows:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2022
   
2021
   
2020
 
                   
Tax at statutory rate
 
$
124,636
   
$
91,268
   
$
33,249
 
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit
   
3,038
     
671
     
(252
)
Effect of foreign operations
   
13,422
     
5,521
     
(9,896
)
Tax on earnings not indefinitely reinvested
   
71,141
     
54,648
     
4,227
 
Unrecognized tax benefits
   
(4,699
)
   
1,318
     
4,351
 
Change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
   
(58,696
)
   
(14,921
)
   
-
 
Foreign income taxable in the U.S.
   
14,925
     
9,532
     
7,675
 
Foreign tax credit
   
(20,408
)
   
(9,477
)
   
(3,520
)
U.S. Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax
   
20,918
     
9,134
     
750
 
Change in U.S. tax regulations
   
-
     
(8,276
)
   
-
 
Other
   
(1,255
)
   
(3,745
)
   
(2,039
)
Total income tax expense
 
$
163,022
   
$
135,673
   
$
34,545
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
At December 31, 2022, the Company had the following significant net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes:

 
     
Expires
 
Austria
 
$
4,319
 
No expiration
 
Belgium
   
149,864
 
No expiration
 
Israel
   
8,024
 
No expiration
 
Japan
   
4,710
     
2025 - 2030
 
Netherlands
   
9,947
 
No expiration
 
The Republic of China (Taiwan)
   
13,741
     
2026 - 2028
 
 
               
California
   
19,650
     
2028 - 2041
 
Pennsylvania
   
585,446
     
2023 - 2042
 
Summary of significant tax credit carryforwards available
At December 31, 2022, the Company had the following significant tax credit carryforwards available:

 
     
Expires
 
U.S. Foreign Tax Credit
 
$
34,089
     
2028 - 2030
 
California Research Credit
   
18,902
 
No expiration
 
Unrecognized tax benefits
The following table summarizes changes in the liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits:

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2022
   
2021
   
2020
 
 
                 
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
26,719
   
$
40,652
   
$
36,868
 
Addition based on tax positions related to the current year
   
-
     
141
     
663
 
Addition based on tax positions related to prior years
   
3,197
     
1,037
     
8,358
 
Currency translation adjustments
   
(366
)
   
(523
)
   
1,361
 
Reduction based on tax positions related to prior years
   
-
     
(13,154
)
   
(3,152
)
Reduction for settlements
   
(9,420
)
   
(982
)
   
(3,446
)
Reduction for lapses of statute of limitation
   
(1,701
)
   
(452
)
   
-
 
Balance at end of year
 
$
18,429
   
$
26,719
   
$
40,652