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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Expected installment payments of one-time transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings
The Company expects future installment payments as follows:

2022
 
$
14,757
 
2023
   
27,669
 
2024
   
36,893
 
2025
   
46,119
 
Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interest
Income (loss) before taxes consists of the following components:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
 
                 
Domestic
 
$
62,921
   
$
(25,884
)
 
$
(10,992
)
Foreign
   
371,689
     
184,212
     
237,290
 
 
 
$
434,610
   
$
158,328
   
$
226,298
 
Components of income taxes
Significant components of income taxes are as follows:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
 
                 
Current:
                 
Federal
 
$
2,336
   
$
7,327
   
$
9,137
 
State and local
   
466
     
218
     
415
 
Foreign
   
82,258
     
55,399
     
113,779
 
     
85,060
     
62,944
     
123,331
 
Deferred:
                       
Federal
   
554
     
(6,068
)
   
(13,731
)
State and local
   
383
     
(538
)
   
(802
)
Foreign
   
49,676
     
(21,793
)
   
(47,290
)
     
50,613
     
(28,399
)
   
(61,823
)
Total income tax expense
 
$
135,673
   
$
34,545
   
$
61,508
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

   
December 31,
 
 
 
2021
   
2020
 
             
Deferred tax assets:
           
Pension and other retiree obligations
 
$
50,069
   
$
53,585
 
Inventories
   
17,168
     
19,539
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
   
115,200
     
124,251
 
Tax credit carryforwards
   
76,213
     
85,651
 
Other accruals and reserves
   
29,332
     
31,347
 
Total gross deferred tax assets
   
287,982
     
314,373
 
Less valuation allowance
   
(186,204
)
   
(206,950
)
     
101,778
     
107,423
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Property and equipment
   
(1,514
)
   
(1,604
)
Tax deductible goodwill
   
(5,412
)
   
(4,708
)
Earnings not permanently reinvested
   
(67,172
)
   
-
 
Convertible debentures
   
-
     
(12,777
)
Other - net
   
(1,646
)
   
(1,656
)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
   
(75,744
)
   
(20,745
)
                 
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
 
$
26,034
   
$
86,678
 
Federal statutory income tax rate reconciliation
A reconciliation of income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to actual income tax provision is as follows:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
                   
Tax at statutory rate
 
$
91,268
   
$
33,249
   
$
47,523
 
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit
   
671
     
(252
)
   
(301
)
Effect of foreign operations
   
5,521
     
(9,896
)
   
9,242
 
Tax on earnings not permanently reinvested
   
54,648
     
4,227
     
6,256
 
Unrecognized tax benefits
   
1,318
     
4,351
     
5,584
 
Change in valuation allowance on non-U.S. deferred tax assets
   
(5,714
)
   
-
     
-
 
Foreign income taxable in the U.S.
   
9,532
     
7,675
     
10,691
 
Foreign tax credit
   
(9,477
)
   
(3,520
)
   
(4,601
)
Foreign tax credit carryforward utilized
   
(9,207
)
   
-
     
-
 
U.S. Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax
   
9,134
     
750
     
2,851
 
Change in U.S. tax regulations
   
(8,276
)
   
-
     
-
 
Deferred tax rate impact of corporate reorganization
   
-
     
-
     
(12,121
)
Other
   
(3,745
)
   
(2,039
)
   
(3,616
)
Total income tax expense
 
$
135,673
   
$
34,545
   
$
61,508
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
At December 31, 2021, the Company had the following significant net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes:

         
Expires
 
Austria
 
$
13,211
   
No expiration
 
Belgium
   
159,563
   
No expiration
 
Israel
   
10,368
   
No expiration
 
Italy
   
12,638
   
No expiration
 
Japan
   
7,476
     
2023 - 2030
 
Netherlands
   
10,552
   
No expiration
 
The Republic of China (Taiwan)
   
16,750
     
2026 - 2028
 
                 
California
   
19,650
     
2028 - 2036
 
Pennsylvania
   
601,818
     
2022 - 2041
 
Summary of significant tax credit carryforwards available
At December 31, 2021, the Company had the following significant tax credit carryforwards available:

         
Expires
 
U.S. Foreign Tax Credit
 
$
58,673
     
2028 - 2031
 
California Research Credit
   
17,484
   
No expiration
 
Unrecognized tax benefits
The following table summarizes changes in the liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2021
   
2020
   
2019
 
 
                 
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
40,652
   
$
36,868
   
$
21,241
 
Addition based on tax positions related to the current year
   
141
     
663
     
2,383
 
Addition based on tax positions related to prior years
   
1,037
     
8,358
     
16,190
 
Currency translation adjustments
   
(523
)
   
1,361
     
1,211
 
Reduction based on tax positions related to prior years
   
(13,154
)
   
(3,152
)
   
-
 
Reduction for settlements
   
(982
)
   
(3,446
)
   
(3,121
)
Reduction for lapses of statute of limitation
   
(452
)
   
-
     
(1,036
)
Balance at end of year
 
$
26,719
   
$
40,652
   
$
36,868