Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
The Company and Basis of Presentation	(a) The Company and Basis of Presentation AeroCentury Corp. (“AeroCentury” or “ACY”) is a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1997. AeroCentury together with its consolidated subsidiaries is referred to as the “Company.” In August 2016, AeroCentury formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACY 19002 Limited (“ACY 19002”) and ACY 19003 Limited (“ACY 19003”) for the purpose of acquiring aircraft using a combination of cash and third-party financing (“UK LLC SPE Financing” or “special-purpose financing”) separate from AeroCentury’s credit facility (the “MUFG Credit Facility”). The UK LLC SPE Financing was repaid in full in February 2019 as part of a refinancing involving new non-recourse term loans totaling approximately $44.3 million (“Nord Loans”) made to ACY 19002, ACY 19003, and two other newly formed special-purpose subsidiaries of AeroCentury, ACY SN 15129 LLC (“ACY 15129”) and ACY E-175 LLC (“ACY E-175”), which were formed for the purpose of refinancing four of the Company’s aircraft using the Nord Loans. The Company sold its membership interest in ACY E-175 in March 2021. For our interim financial statements as of and for the period ended September 30, 2021, we evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date that we filed this Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The preparation of our interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates and judgments are used when accounting for the application of fresh start accounting, allowance for credit losses, asset impairments, indefinite-live intangibles, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others. For information about our use of estimates as a result of fresh start accounting, see Note 3. Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Emergence On March 29, 2021 (the “Petition Date”), AeroCentury and certain of its subsidiaries in the U.S. (collectively, the “Debtors” and the “Debtors-in-Possession”) filed voluntary petitions for relief (collectively, the “Petitions”) under Chapter 11 of Title 11 (“Chapter 11”) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 cases (the “Chapter 11 Case”) are being jointly administered under the caption In re: AeroCentury Corp., et al., Case No. 21-10636. The Plan was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on August 31, 2021, and the Company emerged from the bankruptcy proceedings on September 30, 2021 (“the Effective Date”). Fresh Start Accounting Upon emergence from bankruptcy, we adopted fresh start accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 852 – Reorganizations (ASC 852) and became a new entity for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the consolidated financial statements after the Effective Date are not comparable with the consolidated financial statements on or before that date as indicated by the “black line” division in the financial statements and footnote tables, which emphasizes the lack of comparability between amounts presented. References to “Successor” relate to our financial position and results of operations after the Effective Date. References to “Predecessor” refer to the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries on or before the Effective Date. See Note 3 for additional information related to fresh start accounting. During the Predecessor period, ASC 852 was applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements. ASC 852 requires the financial statements, for periods subsequent to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases, to distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. ASC 852 requires certain additional reporting for financial statements prepared between the bankruptcy filing date and the date of emergence from bankruptcy, including: (i) Reclassification of pre-petition liabilities that are unsecured, under-secured or where it cannot be determined that the liabilities are fully secured, to a separate line item on the consolidated balance sheet called, “Liabilities subject to compromise”; and (ii) Segregation of “Reorganization items, net” as a separate line on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, included within income from continuing operations. Upon application of fresh start accounting, we allocated the reorganization value to our individual assets and liabilities, except for deferred income taxes, based on their estimated fair values in conformity with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The amount of deferred taxes was determined in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The Effective Date fair values of our assets and liabilities differed materially from their recorded values as reflected on the historical balance sheets, see Note 3.
Going concern	(b) Going concern In accordance with the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (ASU 2014-15)”, and ASC 205, “Presentation of Financial Statements”, the Company has the responsibility to evaluate at each reporting period, including interim periods, whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations. In its evaluation for this report, management considered the Company’s current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows and the Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due within one year following the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. During the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Predecessor’s ability to continue as a going concern was contingent upon a variety of factors, including the Bankruptcy Court’s approval of the Plan and the Predecessor’s ability to successfully implement the Plan. As a result of the effectiveness of the Plan, the Company believes it has the ability to meet its obligations for at least one year from the date of issuance of this Form 10-Q. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and contemplate the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course business.
Impact of COVID-19	(c) Impact of COVID-19 In March 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a pandemic, and COVID-19 has continued to have wide-ranging impacts as the virus spreads globally (the “COVID-19 Pandemic”). The ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic has had an overwhelming effect on all forms of transportation globally, but most acutely for the airline industry. The combined effect of fear of infection during air travel and international and domestic travel restrictions has caused a dramatic decrease in passenger loads in all areas of the world, not just in those countries with active clusters of COVID-19, but in airline ticket net bookings (i.e. bookings made less bookings canceled) of flights as well. This has led to significant cash flow issues for airlines, including some of the Company’s customers. The Company provided one of its customers, which leases two regional turboprop aircraft, lease payment reductions totaling approximately $0.3 million in the second and fourth quarters of 2020 as well as $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2021 and the customer paid the reduced amounts. In addition, two other customers, each of which leases an aircraft subject to a sales-type lease, failed to make scheduled lease payments totaling approximately $1.0 million in 2020. The Company sold one of the aircraft to the customer during the second quarter of 2021. The Company has agreed to sell the second aircraft to the customer that leases it and expects the sale to occur in the fourth quarter of 2021. The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic has also led the Company to determine that there is uncertainty related to rent, interest and debt payments such that, as disclosed in Notes 3 and 5, the Company de-designated its interest rate swaps as hedges in March 2020 since the payments related to the swaps were deemed not probable to occur. Additionally, in December 2020, the Company determined that it was probable that certain future cash flows under its interest rate swaps would not occur, and the Company consequently reclassified accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) associated with such cash flows into interest expense. One of the Company’s interest rate swaps was terminated in March 2020, two swaps had maturities in the fourth quarter of 2020 and were terminated when the associated assets were sold and the related debt was paid off and three swaps had maturities in 2025, but were sold in March 2021 as part of the Company’s sale of its membership interest in ACY E-175. As a result, the Company is no longer party to any interest rate swaps.
Use of Estimates	(d) Use of Estimates The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most significant estimates with regard to these condensed consolidated financial statements are the realization of goodwill, accounting for income taxes, and the amounts recorded as allowances for doubtful accounts.
Finance Leases	(e) Finance Leases As of September 30, 2021, the Company had one sales-type lease secured by an aircraft. The lease contains a lessee bargain purchase option at a price substantially below the subject asset’s estimated residual value at the exercise date for the option. Consequently, the Company classified the lease as a finance lease for financial accounting purposes. For such finance lease, the Company reports the discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments (including the bargain purchase option) and (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option, as a finance lease receivable on its balance sheet, and accrues interest on the balance of the finance lease receivable based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease.
Taxes	(f) Taxes As part of the process of preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, management estimates income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and GAAP purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheet. In assessing the valuation of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income or availability to carryback the losses to taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company considered several factors when analyzing the need for a valuation allowance including the Company’s current three-year cumulative loss through December 31, 2020, the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the worldwide airline industry and the Company’s recent filing for and emergence from protection under Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s future taxable income for purposes of assessing the Company’s ability to realize any benefit from its deferred taxes. Based on its analysis, the Company has concluded that a valuation allowance is necessary for its U.S. deferred tax assets not supported by either future taxable income or availability of future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and has recorded a valuation allowance of $103,300 and $1.8 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Additionally, the Company has concluded that based on its analysis, some of its foreign net operating loss carrybacks are not expected to be realized based on limitations on the utilization of its foreign net operating losses, and therefore recorded a foreign tax expense of $0 and $54,300 for the reduced tax refund for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company accrues non-income based sales, use, value added and franchise taxes as other tax expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	(g) Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Revenue from leasing of aircraft assets pursuant to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the applicable lease agreements. Deferred payments are recorded as accrued rent when the cash rent received is lower than the straight-line revenue recognized. Such receivables decrease over the term of the applicable leases. Interest income is recognized on finance leases based on the interest rate implicit in the lease and the outstanding balance of the lease receivable. Maintenance reserves retained by the Company at lease-end are recognized as maintenance reserves revenue. In instances where collectability is not reasonably assured, the Company recognizes revenue as cash payments are received. The Company estimates and charges to income a provision for bad debts based on its experience with each specific customer, the amount and length of payment arrearages, and its analysis of the lessee’s overall financial condition. If the financial condition of any of the Company’s customers deteriorates, it could result in actual losses exceeding any estimated allowances. The Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil and $1,503,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	(h) Recent Accounting Pronouncements ASU 2016-13 The FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), in June 2016 (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 provides that financial assets measured at amortized cost are to be presented as a net amount, reflecting a reduction for a valuation allowance to present the amount expected to be collected (the “current expected credit loss” model of reporting). As such, expected credit losses will be reflected in the carrying value of assets and losses will be recognized before they become probable, as is required under the Company’s present accounting practice. In the case of assets held as available for sale, the amount of the valuation allowance will be limited to an amount that reflects the marketable value of the debt instrument. This amendment to GAAP is effective in the first quarter of 2023 for calendar-year SEC filers that are smaller reporting companies as of the one-time determination date. Early adoption is permitted beginning in 2019. The Company plans to adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2023, and has not determined the impact of this adoption on its consolidated financial statements. FASB Staff Guidance on Effects of COVID-19 In April 2020, the FASB staff provided some relief from the unprecedented effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Under this guidance, lessors may elect to treat lease concessions due to COVID-19 as if they arose from enforceable rights and obligations that existed in the lease contract, with the consequent effect that the concessions would not be treated as a lease modification which could require reclassification and remeasurement of the lease and to either recognize income during the deferral period or to treat deferred rent as variable rent during the period. Other guidance released in April 2020 provided that when hedge accounting is discontinued and it is probable that the forecasted transaction that had been hedged will occur beyond two months after its originally expected date as a result of the effects of COVID-19, the reporting entity may still defer recognizing related AOCI immediately and should defer recognition of such amounts until the forecasted transactions actually occur. The Company has elected to treat certain lease concessions to lessees as if they arose from rights initially in the lease contracts and so did not give rise to modifications of the leases, and to treat deferrals as variable rent during the period of the deferral, reducing income during such period.

Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

(a) The Company and Basis of Presentation

AeroCentury Corp. (“AeroCentury” or “ACY”) is a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1997. AeroCentury together with its consolidated subsidiaries is referred to as the “Company.”

In August 2016, AeroCentury formed two wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACY 19002 Limited (“ACY 19002”) and ACY 19003 Limited (“ACY 19003”) for the purpose of acquiring aircraft using a combination of cash and third-party financing (“UK LLC SPE Financing” or “special-purpose financing”) separate from AeroCentury’s credit facility (the “MUFG Credit Facility”). The UK LLC SPE Financing was repaid in full in February 2019 as part of a refinancing involving new non-recourse term loans totaling approximately $44.3 million (“Nord Loans”) made to ACY 19002, ACY 19003, and two other newly formed special-purpose subsidiaries of AeroCentury, ACY SN 15129 LLC (“ACY 15129”) and ACY E-175 LLC (“ACY E-175”), which were formed for the purpose of refinancing four of the Company’s aircraft using the Nord Loans. The Company sold its membership interest in ACY E-175 in March 2021.

For our interim financial statements as of and for the period ended September 30, 2021, we evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date that we filed this Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The preparation of our interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates and judgments are used when accounting for the application of fresh start accounting, allowance for credit losses, asset impairments, indefinite-live intangibles, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others. For information about our use of estimates as a result of fresh start accounting, see Note 3.

Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Emergence

On March 29, 2021 (the “Petition Date”), AeroCentury and certain of its subsidiaries in the U.S. (collectively, the “Debtors” and the “Debtors-in-Possession”) filed voluntary petitions for relief (collectively, the “Petitions”) under Chapter 11 of Title 11 (“Chapter 11”) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Chapter 11 cases (the “Chapter 11 Case”) are being jointly administered under the caption In re: AeroCentury Corp., et al., Case No. 21-10636.

The Plan was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on August 31, 2021, and the Company emerged from the bankruptcy proceedings on September 30, 2021 (“the Effective Date”).

Fresh Start Accounting

Upon emergence from bankruptcy, we adopted fresh start accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 852 – Reorganizations (ASC 852) and became a new entity for financial reporting purposes. As a result, the consolidated financial statements after the Effective Date are not comparable with the consolidated financial statements on or before that date as indicated by the “black line” division in the financial statements and footnote tables, which emphasizes the lack of comparability between amounts presented. References to “Successor” relate to our financial position and results of operations after the Effective Date. References to “Predecessor” refer to the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries on or before the Effective Date. See Note 3 for additional information related to fresh start accounting.

During the Predecessor period, ASC 852 was applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements. ASC 852 requires the financial statements, for periods subsequent to the commencement of the Chapter 11 Cases, to distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. ASC 852 requires certain additional reporting for financial statements prepared between the bankruptcy filing date and the date of emergence from bankruptcy, including: (i) Reclassification of pre-petition liabilities that are unsecured, under-secured or where it cannot be determined that the liabilities are fully secured, to a separate line item on the consolidated balance sheet called, “Liabilities subject to compromise”; and (ii) Segregation of “Reorganization items, net” as a separate line on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, included within income from continuing operations.

Upon application of fresh start accounting, we allocated the reorganization value to our individual assets and liabilities, except for deferred income taxes, based on their estimated fair values in conformity with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The amount of deferred taxes was determined in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The Effective Date fair values of our assets and liabilities differed materially from their recorded values as reflected on the historical balance sheets, see Note 3.

Going concern

(b) Going concern

In accordance with the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (ASU 2014-15)”, and ASC 205, “Presentation of Financial Statements”, the Company has the responsibility to evaluate at each reporting period, including interim periods, whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations. In its evaluation for this report, management considered the Company’s current financial condition and liquidity sources, including current funds available, forecasted future cash flows and the Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due within one year following the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

During the pendency of the Chapter 11 Cases, the Predecessor’s ability to continue as a going concern was contingent upon a variety of factors, including the Bankruptcy Court’s approval of the Plan and the Predecessor’s ability to successfully implement the Plan. As a result of the effectiveness of the Plan, the Company believes it has the ability to meet its obligations for at least one year from the date of issuance of this Form 10-Q. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and contemplate the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course business.

Impact of COVID-19

(c) Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) declared the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a pandemic, and COVID-19 has continued to have wide-ranging impacts as the virus spreads globally (the “COVID-19 Pandemic”). The ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic has had an overwhelming effect on all forms of transportation globally, but most acutely for the airline industry. The combined effect of fear of infection during air travel and international and domestic travel restrictions has caused a dramatic decrease in passenger loads in all areas of the world, not just in those countries with active clusters of COVID-19, but in airline ticket net bookings (i.e. bookings made less bookings canceled) of flights as well. This has led to significant cash flow issues for airlines, including some of the Company’s customers. The Company provided one of its customers, which leases two regional turboprop aircraft, lease payment reductions totaling approximately $0.3 million in the second and fourth quarters of 2020 as well as $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2021 and the customer paid the reduced amounts.

In addition, two other customers, each of which leases an aircraft subject to a sales-type lease, failed to make scheduled lease payments totaling approximately $1.0 million in 2020. The Company sold one of the aircraft to the customer during the second quarter of 2021. The Company has agreed to sell the second aircraft to the customer that leases it and expects the sale to occur in the fourth quarter of 2021.

The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic has also led the Company to determine that there is uncertainty related to rent, interest and debt payments such that, as disclosed in Notes 3 and 5, the Company de-designated its interest rate swaps as hedges in March 2020 since the payments related to the swaps were deemed not probable to occur. Additionally, in December 2020, the Company determined that it was probable that certain future cash flows under its interest rate swaps would not occur, and the Company consequently reclassified accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) associated with such cash flows into interest expense. One of the Company’s interest rate swaps was terminated in March 2020, two swaps had maturities in the fourth quarter of 2020 and were terminated when the associated assets were sold and the related debt was paid off and three swaps had maturities in 2025, but were sold in March 2021 as part of the Company’s sale of its membership interest in ACY E-175. As a result, the Company is no longer party to any interest rate swaps.

Use of Estimates

(d) Use of Estimates

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable for making judgments that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The most significant estimates with regard to these condensed consolidated financial statements are the realization of goodwill, accounting for income taxes, and the amounts recorded as allowances for doubtful accounts.

Finance Leases

(e) Finance Leases

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had one sales-type lease secured by an aircraft. The lease contains a lessee bargain purchase option at a price substantially below the subject asset’s estimated residual value at the exercise date for the option. Consequently, the Company classified the lease as a finance lease for financial accounting purposes. For such finance lease, the Company reports the discounted present value of (i) future minimum lease payments (including the bargain purchase option) and (ii) any residual value not subject to a bargain purchase option, as a finance lease receivable on its balance sheet, and accrues interest on the balance of the finance lease receivable based on the interest rate inherent in the applicable lease over the term of the lease.

Taxes

(f) Taxes

As part of the process of preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, management estimates income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and GAAP purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheet. In assessing the valuation of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income or availability to carryback the losses to taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company considered several factors when analyzing the need for a valuation allowance including the Company’s current three-year cumulative loss through December 31, 2020, the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the worldwide airline industry and the Company’s recent filing for and emergence from protection under Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code. Significant management judgment is required in determining the Company’s future taxable income for purposes of assessing the Company’s ability to realize any benefit from its deferred taxes. Based on its analysis, the Company has concluded that a valuation allowance is necessary for its U.S. deferred tax assets not supported by either future taxable income or availability of future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and has recorded a valuation allowance of $103,300 and $1.8 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Additionally, the Company has concluded that based on its analysis, some of its foreign net operating loss carrybacks are not expected to be realized based on limitations on the utilization of its foreign net operating losses, and therefore recorded a foreign tax expense of $0 and $54,300 for the reduced tax refund for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The Company accrues non-income based sales, use, value added and franchise taxes as other tax expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

(g) Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Revenue from leasing of aircraft assets pursuant to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the applicable lease agreements. Deferred payments are recorded as accrued rent when the cash rent received is lower than the straight-line revenue recognized. Such receivables decrease over the term of the applicable leases. Interest income is recognized on finance leases based on the interest rate implicit in the lease and the outstanding balance of the lease receivable.

Maintenance reserves retained by the Company at lease-end are recognized as maintenance reserves revenue.

In instances where collectability is not reasonably assured, the Company recognizes revenue as cash payments are received. The Company estimates and charges to income a provision for bad debts based on its experience with each specific customer, the amount and length of payment arrearages, and its analysis of the lessee’s overall financial condition. If the financial condition of any of the Company’s customers deteriorates, it could result in actual losses exceeding any estimated allowances.

The Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil and $1,503,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

(h) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2016-13

The FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), in June 2016 (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 provides that financial assets measured at amortized cost are to be presented as a net amount, reflecting a reduction for a valuation allowance to present the amount expected to be collected (the “current expected credit loss” model of reporting). As such, expected credit losses will be reflected in the carrying value of assets and losses will be recognized before they become probable, as is required under the Company’s present accounting practice. In the case of assets held as available for sale, the amount of the valuation allowance will be limited to an amount that reflects the marketable value of the debt instrument. This amendment to GAAP is effective in the first quarter of 2023 for calendar-year SEC filers that are smaller reporting companies as of the one-time determination date. Early adoption is permitted beginning in 2019. The Company plans to adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2023, and has not determined the impact of this adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

FASB Staff Guidance on Effects of COVID-19

In April 2020, the FASB staff provided some relief from the unprecedented effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Under this guidance, lessors may elect to treat lease concessions due to COVID-19 as if they arose from enforceable rights and obligations that existed in the lease contract, with the consequent effect that the concessions would not be treated as a lease modification which could require reclassification and remeasurement of the lease and to either recognize income during the deferral period or to treat deferred rent as variable rent during the period. Other guidance released in April 2020 provided that when hedge accounting is discontinued and it is probable that the forecasted transaction that had been hedged will occur beyond two months after its originally expected date as a result of the effects of COVID-19, the reporting entity may still defer recognizing related AOCI immediately and should defer recognition of such amounts until the forecasted transactions actually occur. The Company has elected to treat certain lease concessions to lessees as if they arose from rights initially in the lease contracts and so did not give rise to modifications of the leases, and to treat deferrals as variable rent during the period of the deferral, reducing income during such period.

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.

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