Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 21. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Authoritative accounting guidance clarifies that fair value of certain assets and liabilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.

Authoritative accounting guidance specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under fair values accounting guidance based on these two types of inputs are as follows:

Level 1 -	Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 -	Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
Level 3 -	Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2). In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Currently, all of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are considered to be Level 2 securities.

The following table presents the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2012		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
U. S. Government agencies	$	9,463,815	$	—	$	9,463,815	$	—
State and municipal obligations		25,249,528		—	$	25,249,528		—
Certificates of deposits		1,987,177		—	$	1,987,177		—

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2011 Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2011		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level  3)
U. S. Government agencies	$	8,795,006	$	—	$	8,795,006	$	—
State and municipal obligations		33,004,055		—	$	33,004,055		—

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Impaired Loans: Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the Allowance for Loan Losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned (“OREO”) is measured at fair value less cost to sell, based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company. If the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. OREO is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any initial fair value adjustment is charged against the Allowance for Loan Losses. Subsequent fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and included in other noninterest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period.

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2012		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level  3)
Impaired Loans, net of valuation allowance	$	3,308,074	$	—	$	$	3,308,074
Other real estate owned	$	3,151,346	$	—	$	$	3,151,346

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2011 Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2011		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level  3)
Impaired Loans, net of valuation allowance	$	4,310,746	$	—	$	—	$	4,310,746
Other real estate owned	$	2,279,935	$	—	$		$	2,279,935

The estimated fair values of financial instruments are shown in the following table. The carrying amounts in the table are included in the balance sheets under the applicable captions.

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012 Using
Description	Balance as of December 31, 2012		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level  3)
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	4,757,889	$	4,757,889	$		$
Interest-bearing deposits		35,166,448		35,166,448
Federal funds sold		48,009		48,009
Securities available-for-sale		36,700,520				36,700,520
Restricted securities		1,584,700						1,584,700
Loans, net		236,144,526						244,708,821
Accrued interest receivable		1,070,763				1,070,763
Financial Liabilities:
Non-interest-bearing liabilities	$	50,467,907	$	50,467,907
Savings and other interest-bearing deposits		117,954,879		117,954,879
Time deposits		106,751,785						109,449,974
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		6,459,839				6,459,839
FHLB advances		15,000,000				16,483,342
Accrued interest payable		156,812				156,812

			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2011 Using
Description	Balance as of December 31,2011		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level  3)
Financial Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	4,728,895	$	4,728,895	$		$
Interest-bearing deposits		10,369,075		10,369,075
Federal funds sold		2,136,375		2,136,375
Securities available-for-sale		41,799,121				41,799,121
Restricted securities		1,991,200						1,991,200
Loans, net		233,501,821						233,935,079
Accrued interest receivable		1,161,191				1,161,191
Financial Liabilities:
Non-interest-bearing liabilities	$	43,803,349	$	43,803,349	$		$
Savings and other interest-bearing deposits		105,269,889		105,269,889
Time deposits		116,444,867						118,668,679
Securities sold under repurchase agreements		5,277,158				5,277,158
FHLB advances		15,000,000				16,651,084
Accrued interest payable		168,628				168,628

The fair values shown do not necessarily represent the amounts which would be received on immediate settlement of the instruments. Authoritative accounting guidance excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold or purchased, accrued interest, non-interest-bearing deposits, savings, and securities sold under repurchase agreements, represent items which do not present significant market risks, are payable on demand, or are of such short duration that carrying value approximates market value.

Available-for-sale securities are carried at the quoted market prices for the individual securities held. Therefore carrying value equals market value. The carrying value of restricted securities approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions.

The fair value of performing loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar remaining maturities. This calculation ignores loan fees and certain factors affecting the interest rates charged on various loans such as the borrower’s creditworthiness and compensating balances and dissimilar types of real estate held as collateral. The fair value of impaired loans is measured as described within the Impaired Loans section of this note.

Time deposits are presented at estimated fair value using interest rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

The fair value of the FHLB advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the interest rate offered for similar advances.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present credit worthiness of the counter parties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.

The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counter parties at the reporting date.

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the fair value of loan commitments and standby letters of credit was immaterial. Therefore, they are not included in the table above.

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment.

Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.