EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS |
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee Benefit Plans | NOTE 7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS We are required by applicable U.S. GAAP to:
The detailed information presented below covers the employee benefit plans of Sempra Energy and its principal subsidiaries. Sempra Energy has funded and unfunded noncontributory traditional defined benefit and cash balance plans, including separate plans for SDG&E and SoCalGas, which collectively cover all eligible employees, including members of the Sempra Energy board of directors who were participants in a predecessor plan on or before June 1, 1998. Pension benefits under the traditional defined benefit plans are based on service and final average earnings, while the cash balance plans provide benefits using a career average earnings methodology. IEnova has an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit plan covering all employees. Chilquinta Energía has an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit plan covering all employees hired before October 1, 1981. In addition, IEnova and Chilquinta Energía have an unfunded noncontributory termination indemnity obligation covering all employees. The plans generally provide defined benefits to retirees based on date of hire, years of service and final average earnings. Sempra Energy also has other postretirement benefit plans (PBOP), including separate plans for SDG&E and SoCalGas, which collectively cover all domestic (except Willmut Gas) and certain foreign employees. The life insurance plans are both contributory and noncontributory, and the health care plans are contributory. Participants’ contributions are adjusted annually. Other postretirement benefits include medical benefits for retirees’ spouses. Chilquinta Energía also has two noncontributory postretirement benefit plans which cover substantially all employees – a health care plan and an energy subsidy plan that provides for reduced energy rates. The health care plan includes benefits for retirees’ spouses and dependents. Pension and other postretirement benefits costs and obligations are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include
We review these assumptions on an annual basis and update them as appropriate. We consider current market conditions, including interest rates, in making these assumptions. We use a December 31 measurement date for all of our plans. Rabbi Trust In support of its Supplemental Executive Retirement, Cash Balance Restoration and Deferred Compensation Plans, Sempra Energy maintains dedicated assets, including a Rabbi Trust and investments in life insurance contracts, which totaled $464 million and $512 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Benefit Plan Amendments Affecting 2015 During 2015, executive participants in a company nonqualified pension plan became eligible in this same plan for Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan benefits. Consistent with past practice, this was treated as a plan amendment and increased the recorded pension liability by $5 million at Sempra Energy Consolidated and $3 million at SoCalGas. Effective January 1, 2016, the point of service medical benefit provided to retirees under the age of 65 at our domestic companies, except the represented retirees at SDG&E and retirees enrolled in one of the high deductible medical plans at SoCalGas, is no longer provided by the PBOP plans of the respective companies. This change resulted in a decrease in other postretirement benefit obligations of $9 million at each of Sempra Energy Consolidated and SoCalGas, and by a negligible amount at SDG&E. Benefit Plan Amendments Affecting 2014 During 2014, executive participants in a company nonqualified pension plan became eligible in this same plan for Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan benefits. Consistent with past practice, this was treated as a plan amendment and increased the recorded pension liability by $4 million at Sempra Energy Consolidated. Effective January 1, 2014, a new high deductible medical benefit was provided to all SDG&E and SoCalGas retirees under the age of 65, except the represented retirees at SoCalGas, participating in the companies’ PBOP plans. This benefit replaced a previous benefit provided by the SDG&E plans and was an added benefit in the SoCalGas plan. These changes resulted in an increase in other postretirement benefit obligations by a negligible amount at SDG&E and by $1 million at each of Sempra Energy Consolidated and SoCalGas. Special Termination Benefits Affecting 2014 At SDG&E in 2014, all nonrepresented employees age 62 with 5 years of service and all other nonrepresented employees age 55 with 10 years of service that retired under the Voluntary Retirement Enhancement Program offered in that year received an additional postretirement health benefit in the form of a $50,000 Health Reimbursement Account (HRA). In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we elected to treat the benefit obligation attributable to the HRA as special termination benefits. This resulted in increases to the recorded liability for other postretirement benefits of approximately $5 million for each of Sempra Energy Consolidated and SDG&E in 2014. Benefit Obligations and Assets The following three tables provide a reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ projected benefit obligations and the fair value of assets during 2015 and 2014, and a statement of the funded status at December 31, 2015 and 2014:
New mortality table studies were released by the Society of Actuaries during 2014 that significantly increased life expectancy assumptions, and during 2015 that consisted of a new mortality improvement projection scale. We have incorporated these assumptions, adjusted for the Sempra Energy companies’ actual mortality experience, in our calculations for each of those years. In 2015, the actuarial gains for pension plans were primarily due to:
In 2015, the actuarial gains for other postretirement benefit plans were primarily due to:
In 2014, the actuarial losses for pension plans were primarily due to:
In 2014, the actuarial losses for other postretirement benefit plans were primarily due to:
Net Assets and Liabilities The assets and liabilities of the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are affected by changing market conditions as well as when actual plan experience is different than assumed. Such events result in investment gains and losses, which we defer and recognize in pension and other postretirement benefit costs over a period of years. Our funded pension and other postretirement benefit plans use the asset smoothing method, except for those at SDG&E and the other postretirement benefit plan at Mobile Gas. This method develops an asset value that recognizes realized and unrealized investment gains and losses over a three-year period. This adjusted asset value, known as the market-related value of assets, is used in conjunction with an expected long-term rate of return to determine the expected return-on-assets component of net periodic cost. SDG&E does not use the asset smoothing method, but rather recognizes realized and unrealized investment gains and losses during the current year. The 10-percent corridor accounting method is used at Sempra Energy Consolidated, SDG&E and SoCalGas. Under the corridor accounting method, if as of the beginning of a year unrecognized net gain or loss exceeds 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets, the excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active participants. The asset smoothing and 10-percent corridor accounting methods help mitigate volatility of net periodic costs from year to year. We recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as assets or liabilities, respectively; unrecognized changes in these assets and/or liabilities are normally recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on the balance sheet. The California Utilities and Mobile Gas record regulatory assets and liabilities that offset the funded pension and other postretirement plans’ assets or liabilities, as these costs are expected to be recovered in future utility rates based on agreements with regulatory agencies. At Willmut Gas, pension contributions are recovered in rates on a prospective basis, but are not recorded as a regulatory asset pending recovery. The California Utilities record annual pension and other postretirement net periodic benefit costs equal to the contributions to their plans as authorized by the CPUC. The annual contributions to the pension plans are limited to a minimum required funding amount as determined by the IRS. The annual contributions to the other postretirement plans are equal to the lesser of the maximum tax deductible amount or the net periodic cost calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP for pension and other postretirement benefit plans. Mobile Gas records annual pension and other postretirement net periodic benefit costs based on an estimate of the net periodic cost at the beginning of the year calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP for pension and other postretirement benefit plans, as authorized by the Alabama Public Service Commission. Any differences between booked net periodic benefit cost and amounts contributed to the pension and other postretirement plans for the California Utilities are disclosed as regulatory adjustments in accordance with U.S. GAAP for rate-regulated entities. The net (liability) asset is included in the following categories on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31:
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2015 and 2014, net of income tax effects and amounts recorded as regulatory assets, are as follows:
The accumulated benefit obligation for defined benefit pension plans at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:
Sempra Energy, SDG&E, SoCalGas and Mobile Gas each have a funded pension plan. We also have unfunded pension plans at Sempra Energy, SDG&E, SoCalGas, IEnova and Chilquinta Energía. The following table shows the obligations of funded pension plans with benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31:
Net Periodic Benefit Cost The following three tables provide the components of net periodic benefit cost and pretax amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31:
The estimated net loss for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost in 2016 is $8 million for Sempra Energy Consolidated, $1 million for SDG&E and a negligible amount for SoCalGas. The estimated prior service cost that will be similarly amortized in 2016 is $1 million for Sempra Energy Consolidated and negligible amounts for SDG&E and SoCalGas. Assumptions for Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Benefit Obligation and Net Periodic Benefit Cost Except for the IEnova and Chilquinta Energía plans, we develop the discount rate assumptions based on the results of a third party modeling tool that develops the discount rate by matching each plan’s expected cash flows to interest rates and expected maturity values of individually selected bonds in a hypothetical portfolio. The model controls the level of accumulated surplus that may result from the selection of bonds based solely on their premium yields by limiting the number of years to look back for selection to 3 years for pre-30-year and 6 years for post-30-year benefit payments. Additionally, the model ensures that an adequate number of bonds are selected in the portfolio by limiting the amount of the plan’s benefit payments that can be met by a single bond to 7.5 percent. We selected individual bonds from a universe of Bloomberg AA-rated bonds which:
This selection methodology also mitigates the impact of market volatility on the portfolio by excluding bonds with the following characteristics:
We believe that this bond selection approach provides the best estimate of discount rates to estimate settlement values for our plans’ benefit obligations as required by applicable U.S. GAAP. We develop the discount rate assumptions for the plans at IEnova by constructing a synthetic government zero coupon bond yield curve from the available market data, based on duration matching, and we add a risk spread to allow for the yields of high-quality corporate bonds. We develop the discount rate assumptions for the plans at Chilquinta Energía based on 10-year Chilean government bond yields and the expected local long-term rate of inflation. These methods for developing the discount rate are required when there is no deep market for high quality corporate bonds. Long-term return on assets is based on the weighted-average of the plans’ investment allocation as of the measurement date and the expected returns for those asset types. We amortize prior service cost using straight line amortization over average future service (or average expected lifetime for plans where participants are substantially inactive employees), which is an alternative method allowed under GAAP. The significant assumptions affecting benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
Health Care Cost Trend Rates Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts that we report for the health care plan costs. Following are the health care cost trend rates applicable to our postretirement benefit plans
A one-percent change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have had the following effects in 2015:
Plan Assets Investment Allocation Strategy for Sempra Energy’s Pension Master Trust Sempra Energy’s pension master trust holds the investments for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans. We maintain additional trusts as we discuss below for certain of the California Utilities’ other postretirement benefit plans. Other than through indexing strategies, the trusts do not invest in securities of Sempra Energy. The current asset allocation objective for the pension master trust is to protect the funded status of the plans while generating sufficient returns to cover future benefit payments and accruals. We assess the portfolio performance by comparing actual returns with relevant benchmarks. Currently, the pension plans’ target asset allocations are
The asset allocation of the plans is reviewed by our Plan Funding Committee and our Pension and Benefits Investment Committee (the Committees) on a regular basis. When evaluating strategic asset allocations, the Committees consider many variables, including:
We maintain allocations at strategic levels with reasonable bands of variance. In accordance with the Sempra Energy pension investment guidelines, derivative financial instruments may be used by the pension master trust’s equity and fixed income portfolio investment managers to equitize cash, hedge certain exposures, and as substitutes for certain types of fixed income securities. Rate of Return Assumption The expected return on assets in our pension and other postretirement benefit plans is based on the weighted-average of the plans’ investment allocations to specific asset classes as of the measurement date. We arrive at a 7 percent expected return on assets by considering both the historical and forecasted long-term rates of return on those asset classes. We expect a return of between 7 percent and 9 percent on return-seeking assets and between 3 percent and 5 percent for risk-mitigating assets. Certain trusts that hold assets for the SDG&E and Mobile Gas other postretirement benefit plans are subject to taxation, which impacts the expected after-tax return on assets in these plans. Concentration of Risk Plan assets are fully diversified across global equity and bond markets, and other than what is indicated by the target asset allocations, contain no concentration of risk in any one economic, industry, maturity or geographic sector. Investment Strategy for SDG&E’s and SoCalGas’ Other Postretirement Benefit Plans SDG&E’s and SoCalGas’ other postretirement benefit plans are funded by cash contributions from SDG&E and SoCalGas and their current retirees. The assets of these plans are placed into the pension master trust and other Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association (VEBA) trusts. The assets in the VEBA trusts are invested at an allocation similar to the pension master trust, with 70 percent invested in return-seeking and 30 percent invested in risk-mitigating assets. This allocation is periodically reviewed to ensure that plan assets are best positioned to meet plan obligations. Fair Value of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets We classify the investments in Sempra Energy’s pension master trust and the trusts for the California Utilities’ other postretirement benefit plans into:
The following are descriptions of the valuation methods and assumptions we use to estimate the fair values of investments held by pension and other postretirement benefit plan trusts. Equity Securities – Equity securities are valued using quoted prices listed on nationally recognized securities exchanges. Fixed Income Securities – Certain fixed income securities are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the security is traded. Other fixed income securities are valued based on yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings. When quoted prices are not available for identical or similar securities, the security is valued under a discounted cash flows approach that maximizes observable inputs, such as current yields of similar instruments, but includes adjustments for certain risks that may not be observable, such as credit and liquidity risks. Certain high yield fixed-income securities are valued by applying a price adjustment to the bid side to calculate a mean and ask value. Adjustments can vary based on maturity, credit standing, and reported trade frequencies. The bid to ask spread is determined by the investment manager based on the review of the available market information. Registered Investment Companies – Investments in mutual funds sponsored by a registered investment company are valued based on exchange listed prices for equity and certain fixed income securities or are valued under a discounted cash flows approach that maximizes observable inputs, such as current yields of similar instruments, but includes adjustments for certain risks that may not be observable, such as credit and liquidity risks for the remaining fixed income securities. Common/Collective Trusts – Investments in common/collective trust funds are valued based on the redemption price of units owned, which is based on the current fair value of the funds’ underlying assets. Private Equity Funds – Investments in private equity funds do not trade in active markets. Fair value is determined by the fund managers, based on their review of the underlying investments as well as their utilization of discounted cash flows and other valuation models. Venture Capital Funds – These funds consist of investments in private equities that are held by limited partnerships following various strategies, including venture capital and corporate finance. The partnerships generally have limited lives of 10 years, after which liquidating distributions will be received. Fair value is determined by attributing a proportionate share of net assets to an ownership interest in partners’ capital. Real Estate Funds – Investments in real estate funds are valued based on the net asset value per share. Net asset value is based on the fair value of the underlying investments. Derivative Financial Instruments – Forward currency contracts are valued at the prevailing forward exchange rate of the underlying currencies, and unrealized gain (loss) is recorded daily. Fixed income futures and options are marked to market daily. Equity index future contracts are valued at the last sales price quoted on the exchange on which they primarily trade. The methods described are intended to produce a fair value calculation that is indicative of net realizable value or reflective of fair values. However, while management believes the valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. We provide more discussion of fair value measurements in Notes 1 and 10. The following tables set forth by level within the fair value hierarchy a summary of the investments in our pension and other postretirement benefit plan trusts measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no transfers into or out of Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 for Sempra Energy Consolidated, SDG&E or SoCalGas during the periods presented, nor any changes in the valuation techniques used in recurring fair value measurement. The fair values of our pension plan assets by asset category are as follows:
The fair values by asset category of the other postretirement benefit plan assets held in the pension master trust and in the additional trusts for SoCalGas’ other postretirement benefit plans and SDG&E’s other postretirement benefit plan (PBOP plan trusts) are as follows:
The investments of the pension master trust allocated to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans classified as Level 3 are private equity funds and represent a percentage of each plan’s total allocated assets as follows at December 31:
The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of investments classified as Level 3:
Future Payments We expect to contribute the following amounts to our pension and other postretirement benefit plans in 2016:
The following table shows the total benefits we expect to pay for the next 10 years to current employees and retirees from the plans or from company assets.
PROFIT SHARING PLANS Under Chilean law, Chilquinta Energía is required to pay all employees either (1) 30 percent of Chilquinta Energía’s taxable income after deducting a 10 percent return on equity, allocated in proportion to the annual salary of each employee or (2) 25 percent of each employee’s annual salary, with a maximum mandatory profit sharing of 4.75 months of Chile’s legal minimum salary. Chilquinta Energía has elected the second option but calculates the profit sharing amounts with actual employee salaries instead of the legal minimum salary, resulting in a higher cost. The amounts are paid out each pay period. Chilquinta Energía recorded annual profit sharing expense of $3 million for 2015, $4 million for 2014 and $4 million for 2013 related to this plan. Under Peruvian law, Luz del Sur is required to pay their employees 5 percent of Luz del Sur’s taxable income, paid once a year and allocated as follows: 50 percent based on each employee’s annual hours worked and 50 percent based on each employee’s annual salary. Luz del Sur recorded annual profit sharing expense of $10 million for 2015, $10 million for 2014 and $9 million for 2013 related to this plan. SAVINGS PLANS Sempra Energy offers trusteed savings plans to all domestic employees and to employees in Mexico. Participation in the plans is immediate for salary deferrals for all employees except for the represented employees at SoCalGas, who are eligible upon completion of one year of service. Subject to plan provisions, domestic employees may contribute from one percent to 50 percent of their eligible earnings, subject to annual IRS limits. In Mexico, employees may contribute up to 2 percent of the portion of their base salary that is less than 25 times the minimum wage and may contribute up to 5 percent of any portion of their base salary that is greater than 25 times the minimum wage. Through March 27, 2015, Sempra Energy made matching contributions for all domestic employees after one year of the employee’s completed service. Beginning March 28, 2015, Sempra Energy makes matching contributions for domestic employees immediately as of the date of hire, except for represented employees at SoCalGas, who continue to receive matching contributions after one year of the employee’s completed service. Sempra Energy continues to make matching contributions immediately for employees in Mexico. Also beginning March 28, 2015, employer contribution amounts for domestic employees, except for the represented employees at SoCalGas and employees at Mobile Gas, are equal to 50 percent of the first 6 percent, plus 20 percent of the next 5 percent, of eligible earnings contributed by employees. Prior to that, employer contribution amounts for these employees were 50 percent of the first 6 percent of eligible earnings contributed by the employees and, if certain company goals were met, an additional amount related to incentive compensation payments. Employer contribution amounts for represented employees at SoCalGas and employees at Mobile Gas remain generally equal to 50 percent of the first 6 percent of eligible earnings contributed by employees. Employees at Mobile Gas may also continue to receive an additional amount related to incentive compensation payments if certain company goals are met. Employer contributions for employees in Mexico remain equal to the contributions made by the employee. Contributions to the savings plans were as follows:
The market value of Sempra Energy common stock held by the savings plans was $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. |