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OTHER FINANCIAL DATA
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Other Financial Data

NOTE 5. OTHER FINANCIAL DATA

U.S. TREASURY GRANTS

At December 31, 2012, we had receivables for U.S. Treasury grants based on eligible costs at certain of our renewable generating facilities. During the first quarter of 2013, the federal government imposed automatic federal budget cuts, known as “sequestration, as required by The Budget Control Act of 2011. As a result, we recorded a reduction to our grants receivable of $23 million and a reversal of income tax benefit of $5 million during the first quarter of 2013. The remaining grants receivable were received in the second and third quarters of 2013.

INVENTORIES

The components of inventories by segment are as follows:

INVENTORY BALANCES
(Dollars in millions)
  Natural GasLiquefied Natural GasMaterials and SuppliesTotal
  March 31, 2014December 31, 2013March 31, 2014December 31, 2013March 31, 2014December 31, 2013March 31, 2014December 31, 2013
SDG&E$ 4$ 3$$$ 72$ 83$ 76$ 86
SoCalGas  17  42    28  27  45  69
Sempra South American                
Utilities      39  40  39  40
Sempra Mexico    4  3  9  9  13  12
Sempra Renewables      2  2  2  2
Sempra Natural Gas  16  68  5  5  1  5  22  78
Sempra Energy                
Consolidated$ 37$ 113$ 9$ 8$ 151$ 166$ 197$ 287
  
                  

GOODWILL

We discuss goodwill in Notes 1 and 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report. The decrease in goodwill from $1.024 billion at December 31, 2013 to $999 million at March 31, 2014 is due to foreign currency translation at Sempra South American Utilities. We record the offset of this fluctuation in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (VIE)

We consolidate a VIE if we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary is based upon qualitative and quantitative analyses, which assess

  • the purpose and design of the VIE;
  • the nature of the VIE's risks and the risks we absorb;
  • the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE; and
  • the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits that could be significant to the VIE.

SDG&E

Tolling Agreements

SDG&E has agreements under which it purchases power generated by facilities for which it supplies all of the natural gas to fuel the power plant (i.e., tolling agreements).  SDG&E's obligation to absorb natural gas costs may be a significant variable interest.  In addition, SDG&E has the power to direct the dispatch of electricity generated by these facilities. Based upon our analysis, the ability to direct the dispatch of electricity may have the most significant impact on the economic performance of the entity owning the generating facility because of the associated exposure to the cost of natural gas, which fuels the plants, and the value of electricity produced. To the extent that SDG&E (1) is obligated to purchase and provide fuel to operate the facility, (2) has the power to direct the dispatch, and (3) purchases all of the output from the facility for a substantial portion of the facility's useful life, SDG&E may be the primary beneficiary of the entity owning the generating facility. SDG&E determines if it is the primary beneficiary in these cases based on a qualitative approach in which we consider the operational characteristics of the facility, including its expected power generation output relative to its capacity to generate and the financial structure of the entity, among other factors. If we determine that SDG&E is the primary beneficiary, SDG&E and Sempra Energy consolidate the entity that owns the facility as a VIE, as we discuss below.

Otay Mesa VIE

SDG&E has an agreement to purchase power generated at the Otay Mesa Energy Center (OMEC), a 605-MW generating facility. In addition to tolling, the agreement provides SDG&E with the option to purchase the power plant at the end of the contract term in 2019, or upon earlier termination of the purchased-power agreement, at a predetermined price subject to adjustments based on performance of the facility. If SDG&E does not exercise its option, under certain circumstances, it may be required to purchase the power plant at a predetermined price, which we refer to as the put option.

The facility owner, Otay Mesa Energy Center LLC (OMEC LLC), is a VIE (Otay Mesa VIE), of which SDG&E is the primary beneficiary. SDG&E has no OMEC LLC voting rights and does not operate OMEC. In addition to the risks absorbed under the tolling agreement, SDG&E absorbs separately through the put option a significant portion of the risk that the value of Otay Mesa VIE could decline. SDG&E and Sempra Energy have consolidated Otay Mesa VIE since the second quarter of 2007. Otay Mesa VIE's equity of $87 million at March 31, 2014 and $91 million at December 31, 2013 is included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other Noncontrolling Interests for Sempra Energy and in Noncontrolling Interest for SDG&E.

OMEC LLC has a loan outstanding of $332 million at March 31, 2014, the proceeds of which were used for the construction of OMEC. The loan is with third party lenders and is secured by OMEC's property, plant and equipment. SDG&E is not a party to the loan agreement and does not have any additional implicit or explicit financial responsibility to OMEC LLC. The loan fully matures in April 2019 and bears interest at rates varying with market rates. In addition, OMEC LLC has entered into interest rate swap agreements to moderate its exposure to interest rate changes. We provide additional information concerning the interest rate swaps in Note 7.

Other Variable Interest Entities

SDG&E's power procurement is subject to reliability requirements that may require SDG&E to enter into various power purchase arrangements which include variable interests. SDG&E evaluates the respective entities to determine if variable interests exist and, based on the qualitative and quantitative analyses described above, if SDG&E, and thereby Sempra Energy, is the primary beneficiary. SDG&E has determined that no contracts, other than the one relating to Otay Mesa VIE mentioned above, result in SDG&E being the primary beneficiary at March 31, 2014. In addition to the tolling agreements described above, other variable interests involve various elements of fuel and power costs, including certain construction costs, tax credits, and other components of cash flow expected to be paid to or received by our counterparties. In most of these cases, the expectation of variability is not substantial, and SDG&E generally does not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the other VIEs. If our ongoing evaluation of these VIEs were to conclude that SDG&E becomes the primary beneficiary and consolidation by SDG&E becomes necessary, the effects are not expected to significantly affect the financial position, results of operations, or liquidity of SDG&E. In addition, SDG&E is not exposed to losses or gains as a result of these other VIEs, because all such variability would be recovered in rates.

Sempra Energy's other operating units also enter into arrangements which could include variable interests. We evaluate these arrangements and applicable entities based upon the qualitative and quantitative analyses described above. Certain of these entities are service companies that are VIEs. As the primary beneficiary of these service companies, we consolidate them. In all other cases, we have determined that these contracts are not variable interests in a VIE and therefore are not subject to the U.S. GAAP requirements concerning the consolidation of VIEs.

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of Sempra Energy and SDG&E include the following amounts associated with Otay Mesa VIE. The amounts are net of eliminations of transactions between SDG&E and Otay Mesa VIE. The financial statements of other consolidated VIEs are not material to the financial statements of Sempra Energy. The captions on the table below generally correspond to SDG&E's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

AMOUNTS ASSOCIATED WITH OTAY MESA VIE
(Dollars in millions)
 Three months ended March 31,
 20142013
     
Operating revenues     
Electric$$ (1)
Natural gas   
Total operating revenues   (1)
Operating expenses    
Cost of electric fuel and purchased power  (18)  (17)
Operation and maintenance  5  17
Depreciation and amortization  7  7
Total operating expenses  (6)  7
Operating income (loss)   6  (8)
Interest expense  (4)  (3)
Income (loss) before income taxes/Net income (loss)  2  (11)
(Earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interest  (2)  11
Earnings$$

We provide additional information regarding Otay Mesa VIE in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report.

PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The following three tables provide the components of net periodic benefit cost:

NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST – SEMPRA ENERGY CONSOLIDATED
(Dollars in millions)
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
 Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
 2014201320142013
Service cost$ 26$ 27$ 6$ 7
Interest cost  41  37  12  11
Expected return on assets  (43)  (40)  (16)  (15)
Amortization of:        
Prior service cost (credit)  2  1  (1)  (1)
Actuarial loss  5  15   2
Settlement  3   
Regulatory adjustment  (24)  (32)   2
Total net periodic benefit cost$ 10$ 8$ 1$ 6

NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST – SDG&E
(Dollars in millions)
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
 Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
 2014201320142013
Service cost$ 8$ 8$ 2$ 2
Interest cost  11  10  2  2
Expected return on assets  (14)  (13)  (3)  (2)
Amortization of:        
Prior service cost     1  1
Actuarial loss  1  4  
Regulatory adjustment  (5)  (8)  (2) 
Total net periodic benefit cost$ 1$ 1$$ 3

NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST – SOCALGAS
(Dollars in millions)
 Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement Benefits
 Three months ended March 31,Three months ended March 31,
 2014201320142013
Service cost$ 16$ 16$ 4$ 4
Interest cost  25  23  9  9
Expected return on assets  (26)  (25)  (13)  (12)
Amortization of:        
Prior service cost (credit)  2  1  (2)  (2)
Actuarial loss  2  9   2
Regulatory adjustment  (19)  (24)  2  2
Total net periodic benefit cost$$$$ 3

Benefit Plan Contributions

The following table shows our year-to-date contributions to pension and other postretirement benefit plans and the amounts we expect to contribute in 2014:

 Sempra Energy  
(Dollars in millions)ConsolidatedSDG&ESoCalGas
Contributions through March 31, 2014:      
Pension plans$ 15$ 1$ 2
Other postretirement benefit plans  1  
Total expected contributions in 2014:      
Pension plans$ 187$ 65$ 86
Other postretirement benefit plans  12  9 

RABBI TRUST

In support of its Supplemental Executive Retirement, Cash Balance Restoration and Deferred Compensation Plans, Sempra Energy maintains dedicated assets, including a Rabbi Trust and investments in life insurance contracts, which totaled $476 million and $506 million at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table provides the per share computations for our earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. Basic earnings per common share (EPS) is calculated by dividing earnings attributable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS includes the potential dilution of common stock equivalent shares that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.

EARNINGS PER SHARE COMPUTATIONS
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts; shares in thousands)
  Three months ended March 31,
  20142013
Numerator:    
Earnings/Income attributable to common shares$ 247$ 178
      
Denominator:    
Weighted-average common shares     
 outstanding for basic EPS  245,277  243,294
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted     
 stock awards and restricted stock units  4,392  4,240
Weighted-average common shares     
 outstanding for diluted EPS  249,669  247,534
      
Earnings per share:    
Basic$ 1.01$ 0.73
Diluted$ 0.99$ 0.72

The dilution from common stock options is based on the treasury stock method. Under this method, proceeds based on the exercise price plus unearned compensation and windfall tax benefits recognized, minus tax shortfalls recognized, are assumed to be used to repurchase shares on the open market at the average market price for the period. The windfall tax benefits are tax deductions we would receive upon the assumed exercise of stock options in excess of the deferred income taxes we recorded related to the compensation expense on the stock options. Tax shortfalls occur when the assumed tax deductions are less than recorded deferred income taxes. The calculation excludes options for which the exercise price on common stock was greater than the average market price during the period (out-of-the-money options). We had no such antidilutive stock options outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013.

During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, we had no stock options outstanding that were antidilutive because of the unearned compensation and windfall tax benefits included in the assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method.

The dilution from unvested restricted stock awards (RSAs) and restricted stock units (RSUs) is also based on the treasury stock method. Proceeds equal to the unearned compensation and windfall tax benefits recognized, minus tax shortfalls recognized, related to the awards and units are assumed to be used to repurchase shares on the open market at the average market price for the period. The windfall tax benefits or tax shortfalls recognized are the difference between tax deductions we would receive upon the assumed vesting of RSAs or RSUs and the deferred income taxes we recorded related to the compensation expense on such awards and units. There were no antidilutive RSUs and 774 antidilutive RSUs from the application of unearned compensation in the treasury stock method for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. There were no such antidilutive RSAs and 3,090 such antidilutive RSAs for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Each performance-based RSU represents the right to receive between zero and 1.5 shares (2.0 shares for awards granted in 2014) of Sempra Energy common stock based on total shareholder return or EPS growth. RSU awards vest based on Sempra Energy's four-year cumulative total shareholder return compared to the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 Utilities Index, as follows:

Four-Year Cumulative Total Shareholder Return Ranking versus S&P 500 Utilities Index(1)Number of Sempra Energy Common Shares Received for Each Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit(2)(3)
90th percentile or above (2014 awards only) 2.0
75th percentile or above (maximum for awards prior to 2014)1.5
50th percentile 1.0
35th percentile or below
(1)If Sempra Energy ranks at or above the 50th percentile compared to the S&P 500 Index, participants will receive a minimum of 1.0 share for each RSU.
(2)Participants also receive additional shares for dividend equivalents on shares subject to RSUs, which are reinvested to purchase additional units that become subject to the same vesting conditions as the RSUs to which the dividends relate.
(3)If performance falls between the tiers shown above, we calculate the payout using linear interpolation.

 

Beginning in January 2014, we issued performance-based RSUs representing the right to receive between zero and 2.0 shares of Sempra Energy common stock based on Sempra Energy's four-year compound EPS annual growth rate beginning January 1, 2014 and ending on December 31, 2017, as follows:

Four-Year Earnings Per Share Compound Annual Growth RateNumber of Sempra Energy Common Shares Received for Each Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit(1)(2)
8.0% or above2.0
6.7%1.5
4.4%1.0
3.3% or below
(1)Participants also receive additional shares for dividend equivalents on shares subject to RSUs, which are reinvested to purchase additional units that become subject to the same vesting conditions as the RSUs to which the dividends relate.
(2)If performance falls between the tiers shown above, we calculate the payout using linear interpolation.

 

RSAs and those RSUs that are solely service-based have a maximum potential of 100 percent vesting and have the same dividend equivalent rights as performance-based RSUs. We include our performance-based RSUs in potential dilutive shares at zero to up to 200 percent to the extent that they currently meet the performance requirements for vesting, subject to the application of the treasury stock method. Performance-based RSUs and RSAs may be excluded from potential dilutive shares because performance goals are currently not met. Due to market fluctuations of both Sempra Energy stock and the comparative index, dilutive performance-based RSU shares may vary widely from period-to-period. We include our RSAs, which are solely service-based, and those RSUs that are solely service-based in potential dilutive shares at 100 percent. The maximum excluded RSAs and RSUs, assuming performance goals were met at maximum levels, were 1,142,023 and 1,659,995 for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

We discuss our share-based compensation plans in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report. We recorded share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes, of $7 million and $6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Pursuant to our Sempra Energy share-based compensation plans, Sempra Energy's board of directors granted 443,791 performance-based RSUs and 77,492 service-based RSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2014, primarily in January. Of the 443,791 performance-based RSUs granted, 355,278 vest based on total shareholder return performance and 88,513 vest based on EPS growth rate performance. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, IEnova issued 136,996 RSUs from the IEnova 2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

CAPITALIZED FINANCING COSTS

Capitalized financing costs include capitalized interest costs and, primarily at the California Utilities, an allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) related to both debt and equity financing of construction projects.

Pipeline projects currently under construction by Sempra Mexico that are both regulated by the Comisión Reguladora de Energía (or CRE, the Energy Regulatory Commission) and meet U.S. GAAP regulatory accounting requirements record the impact of AFUDC related to equity. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2013, Sempra Mexico began recording AFUDC related to equity for its Sonora Pipeline project, which was $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014.

The following table shows capitalized financing costs for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013.

CAPITALIZED FINANCING COSTS
(Dollars in millions)
  Three months ended March 31,
  20142013
Sempra Energy Consolidated:    
AFUDC related to debt$ 6$ 6
AFUDC related to equity  25  15
Other capitalized financing costs  8  5
Total Sempra Energy Consolidated$ 39$ 26
SDG&E:    
AFUDC related to debt$ 4$ 4
AFUDC related to equity  11  10
Total SDG&E$ 15$ 14
SoCalGas:    
AFUDC related to debt$ 2$ 2
AFUDC related to equity  5  5
Total SoCalGas$ 7$ 7

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following tables present the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI) by component and amounts reclassified out of AOCI to net income, excluding amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests:

CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) BY COMPONENT(1)
SEMPRA ENERGY CONSOLIDATED
(Dollars in millions)
  Three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013
    Pension and Other    
    Postretirement Benefits    
  Foreign     Total
  CurrencyUnamortizedUnamortized Accumulated Other
  TranslationNet ActuarialPrior ServiceFinancialComprehensive
  AdjustmentsGain (Loss)CreditInstrumentsIncome (Loss)
2014:          
Balance as of December 31, 2013$ (129)$ (73)$$ (26)$ (228)
Other comprehensive loss before           
reclassifications  (43)    (14)  (57)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other          
comprehensive income   3   9  12
Net other comprehensive income (loss)  (43)  3   (5)  (45)
Balance as of March 31, 2014$ (172)$ (70)$$ (31)$ (273)
2013:          
Balance as of December 31, 2012$ (240)$ (102)$ 1$ (35)$ (376)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before           
reclassifications  10    (16)  (6)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other          
comprehensive income   3   2  5
Net other comprehensive income (loss)  10  3   (14)  (1)
Balance as of March 31, 2013$ (230)$ (99)$ 1$ (49)$ (377)
(1)All amounts are net of income tax, if subject to tax, and exclude noncontrolling interests.

RECLASSIFICATIONS OUT OF ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Dollars in millions)
Details about accumulatedAmounts reclassified  
other comprehensive income (loss)from accumulated other Affected line item on Condensed
componentscomprehensive income (loss) Consolidated Statements of Operations
   Three months ended March 31,     
   2014 2013     
Sempra Energy Consolidated:          
Financial instruments:          
Interest rate and foreign exchange instruments$ 3 $ 3 Interest Expense
Interest rate instruments  2   Gain on Sale of Equity Interest and Assets
Interest rate instruments  3   2 Equity Earnings, Before Income Tax
Commodity contracts not subject       Cost of Natural Gas, Electric Fuel
 to rate recovery  10    and Purchased Power
Total before income tax  18   5  
     (6)   (1) Income Tax Expense
Net of income tax  12   4  
     (3)   (2) Earnings Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
   $ 9 $ 2     
             
Pension and other postretirement benefits:          
Net actuarial gain$ 5 $ 5 (1)
     (2)   (2) Income Tax Expense
Net of income tax$ 3 $ 3  
             
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax$ 12 $ 5     
SDG&E:          
Financial instruments:          
Interest rate instruments$ 3 $ 2 Interest Expense
     (3)   (2) Earnings Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 $ $     
(1)Amounts are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see "Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits" above).

For the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, Other Comprehensive Income, excluding amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests, at SDG&E and SoCalGas was negligible, and reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to Net Income were also negligible for SoCalGas.

 

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

The following two tables provide a reconciliation of changes in Sempra Energy's and SDG&E's shareholders' equity and noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. The only change in SoCalGas' shareholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 was comprehensive income.

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS ― SEMPRA ENERGY CONSOLIDATED
(Dollars in millions)
   Sempra     
   Energy Non-  
   Shareholders’ controlling Total
   Equity Interests Equity
Balance at December 31, 2013$ 11,008$ 842$ 11,850
Comprehensive income  202  17  219
Share-based compensation expense  10   10
Common stock dividends declared  (162)   (162)
Issuance of common stock  11   11
Repurchase of common stock  (37)   (37)
Tax benefit related to share-based compensation  8   8
Equity contributed by noncontrolling interest   1  1
Distributions to noncontrolling interests   (11)  (11)
Balance at March 31, 2014$ 11,040$ 849$ 11,889
Balance at December 31, 2012$ 10,282$ 401$ 10,683
Comprehensive income (loss)  179  (3)  176
Preferred dividends of subsidiaries  (2)   (2)
Share-based compensation expense  10   10
Common stock dividends declared  (153)   (153)
Issuance of common stock  15   15
Repurchase of common stock  (45)   (45)
Tax benefit related to share-based compensation  2   2
Sale of noncontrolling interests, net of offering costs  135  439  574
Equity contributed by noncontrolling interest   4  4
Distributions to noncontrolling interests   (3)  (3)
Balance at March 31, 2013$ 10,423$ 838$ 11,261

SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTEREST ― SDG&E
(Dollars in millions)
  SDG&E Non-  
  Shareholder’s controlling Total
  Equity Interest Equity
Balance at December 31, 2013$ 4,628$ 91$ 4,719
Comprehensive income   99  2  101
Distributions to noncontrolling interest   (6)  (6)
Balance at March 31, 2014$ 4,727$ 87$ 4,814
Balance at December 31, 2012$ 4,222$ 76$ 4,298
Comprehensive income (loss)  92  (8)  84
Preferred stock dividends declared  (1)   (1)
Equity contributed by noncontrolling interest   4  4
Balance at March 31, 2013$ 4,313$ 72$ 4,385

Ownership interests that are held by owners other than Sempra Energy and SDG&E in subsidiaries or entities consolidated by them are accounted for and reported as noncontrolling interests. As a result, noncontrolling interests are reported as a separate component of equity on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Earnings or losses attributable to noncontrolling interests are separately identified on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, and comprehensive income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests is separately identified on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Sale of Noncontrolling Interests

In the first quarter of 2013, a Sempra Energy subsidiary IEnova, completed a private offering in the U.S. and outside of Mexico and a concurrent public offering in Mexico of common stock. The aggregate shares of common stock sold in the offerings represent approximately 18.9 percent of IEnova's outstanding ownership interest. IEnova is reported within the Sempra Mexico reportable segment.

The proceeds from the offerings, net of offering costs, were approximately $574 million in U.S. dollars or 7.1 billion Mexican pesos. IEnova is using the net proceeds of the offerings primarily for general corporate purposes, and for the funding of its current investments and ongoing expansion plans. Consistent with applicable accounting guidance, changes in noncontrolling interests that do not result in a change of control are accounted for as equity transactions. When there are changes in noncontrolling interests of a subsidiary that do not result in a change of control, any difference between carrying value and fair value related to the change in ownership is recorded as an adjustment to shareholders' equity. As a result of the offerings and overallotment options, we recorded an increase in Sempra Energy's shareholders' equity of $135 million in the first quarter of 2013 for the sale of IEnova shares to noncontrolling interests.

IEnova is a separate legal entity comprised primarily of Sempra Energy's operations in Mexico. IEnova is included within our Sempra Mexico reportable segment, but is not the same in its entirety as the reportable segment. In addition to the IEnova operating companies, the Sempra Mexico segment includes, among other things, certain holding companies and risk management activity. Also, IEnova's financial results are reported in Mexico under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as required by the Mexican Stock Exchange (La Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, S.A.B. de C.V., or BMV) where the shares are traded under the symbol IENOVA.

We discuss the IEnova offerings in more detail in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report.

Preferred Stock

The preferred stock of SoCalGas is presented at Sempra Energy as a noncontrolling interest. In 2013, SDG&E had preferred stock outstanding until it was fully redeemed in October 2013. At Sempra Energy, the preferred stock dividends of both SDG&E and SoCalGas are charges against income related to noncontrolling interests. We provide additional information concerning preferred stock in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report.

At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we reported the following noncontrolling ownership interests held by others (not including preferred shareholders) recorded in Other Noncontrolling Interests in Total Equity on Sempra Energy's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

OTHER NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(Dollars in millions)  
  Percent Ownership Held by Others  March 31, 2014 December 31, 2013
SDG&E:      
Otay Mesa VIE100%$ 87$ 91
Sempra South American Utilities:      
Chilquinta Energía subsidiaries(1)24.4 – 43.4   26  27
Luz del Sur20.2   222  222
Tecsur9.8   4  3
Sempra Mexico:      
IEnova18.9   452  442
Sempra Natural Gas:      
Bay Gas Storage, Ltd.9.1   22  22
Liberty Gas Storage, LLC25.0   15  14
Southern Gas Transmission Company49.0   1  1
Total Sempra Energy  $ 829$ 822
(1)Chilquinta Energía has four subsidiaries with noncontrolling interests held by others. Percentage range reflects the highest and lowest ownership percentages amongst these subsidiaries.

TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES

Loans to and Receivables from Unconsolidated Affiliates – Sempra Energy Consolidated

Sempra South American Utilities has a U.S. dollar-denominated loan to Eletrans S.A., an affiliate of Chilquinta Energía that we discuss in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report. At March 31, 2014, the loan has a $31 million principal balance outstanding plus a negligible amount of accumulated interest at a fixed interest rate of 4 percent.

At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, Sempra Energy had $2 million and $4 million, respectively, in accounts receivable from various Sempra Renewables joint venture investments.

 

Service Agreements

Sempra Energy, SDG&E and SoCalGas provide certain services to each other and are charged an allocable share of the cost of such services. Amounts due to/from affiliates are as follows:

AMOUNTS DUE TO AND FROM AFFILIATES AT SDG&E AND SOCALGAS
(Dollars in millions)
  March 31, December 31,
 2014 2013
SDG&E     
Current:     
Due from SoCalGas$ 11 $
Due from various affiliates  1   1
 $ 12 $ 1
       
Due to Sempra Energy$ 21 $ 25
Due to various affiliates  14   14
 $ 35 $ 39
       
Income taxes due from Sempra Energy(1)$ 44 $ 70
      
SoCalGas     
Current:     
Due from Sempra Energy$ 103 $
Due from various affiliates  1   21
  $ 104 $ 21
      
Due to SDG&E$ 11 $
Due to Sempra Energy    16
 $ 11 $ 16
       
Income taxes due from Sempra Energy(1)$ 35 $ 18
(1)SDG&E and SoCalGas are included in the consolidated income tax return of Sempra Energy and are allocated income tax expense from Sempra Energy in an amount equal to that which would result from the companies’ having always filed separate returns.

Revenues from unconsolidated affiliates at SDG&E and SoCalGas are as follows:

REVENUES FROM UNCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES AT SDG&E AND SOCALGAS
(Dollars in millions)
 Three months ended March 31,
 20142013
SDG&E$ 3$ 2
SoCalGas  18  15

OTHER INCOME, NET

Other Income, Net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations consists of the following:

OTHER INCOME, NET  
(Dollars in millions)  
  Three months ended March 31,
  2014 2013
Sempra Energy Consolidated:    
Allowance for equity funds used during construction$ 25$ 15
Investment gains(1)  8  10
Gains on interest rate and foreign exchange instruments, net  2  7
Regulatory interest, net(2)  1  1
Sundry, net  4  4
Total$ 40$ 37
SDG&E:    
Allowance for equity funds used during construction$ 11$ 10
Regulatory interest, net(2)  1  1
Sundry, net  1 
Total$ 13$ 11
SoCalGas:    
Allowance for equity funds used during construction$ 5$ 5
Sundry, net  (1)  (1)
Total $ 4$ 4
(1)Represents investment gains on dedicated assets in support of our executive retirement and deferred compensation plans. These amounts are partially offset by corresponding changes in compensation expense related to the plans.
(2)Interest on regulatory balancing accounts.

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAX EXPENSE AND EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATES
(Dollars in millions)
   Three months ended March 31,
  2014 2013
     Effective     Effective 
   Income Tax  Income  Income Tax   Income 
   Expense Tax Rate  Expense Tax Rate 
Sempra Energy Consolidated$ 127  33%$ 178  51%
SDG&E  83  45   51  39 
SoCalGas  38  33   24  34 

Changes in Income Tax Expense and Effective Income Tax Rates

Sempra Energy Consolidated

The decrease in income tax expense in the three months ended March 31, 2014 was due to a lower effective tax rate offset by higher pretax income. The change in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to:

  • $63 million income tax expense in 2013 resulting from a corporate reorganization in connection with the IEnova stock offerings. We discuss the stock offerings above in “Shareholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests – Sale of Noncontrolling Interests; offset by
  • a $17 million charge to reduce certain tax regulatory assets attributed to SDG&E's investment in the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) that management believes may no longer be recoverable from customers in rates pursuant to the proposed settlement agreement to resolve the California Public Utilities Commission's (CPUC) Order Instituting Investigation (OII) into the SONGS outage that we discuss in Note 9; and

  • $12 million U.S. tax on the repatriation of a portion of current year earnings from certain non-U.S. subsidiaries in Mexico and Peru.

Sempra Energy, SDG&E and SoCalGas record income taxes for interim periods utilizing a forecasted effective tax rate anticipated for the full year, as required by U.S. GAAP. The income tax effect of items that can be reliably forecasted are factored into the forecasted effective tax rate and their impact is recognized proportionately over the year. The forecasted items, anticipated on a full year basis, may include, among others, self-developed software expenditures, repairs to certain utility plant fixed assets, renewable energy income tax credits, deferred income tax benefits related to renewable energy projects, exclusions from taxable income of the equity portion of AFUDC, and depreciation on a certain portion of utility plant assets. Items that cannot be reliably forecasted (e.g., adjustments related to prior years' income tax items, Mexican currency translation and inflation adjustments, and deferred income tax benefit associated with the impairment of a book investment, etc.) are recorded in the interim period in which they actually occur, which can result in variability to income tax expense.

SDG&E

The increase in SDG&E's income tax expense in the three months ended March 31, 2014 was primarily due to a higher effective tax rate and also to higher pretax income. The higher effective tax rate was primarily due to the $17 million charge to reduce certain tax regulatory assets attributed to SDG&E's investment in SONGS discussed in Note 9.

The results for Sempra Energy Consolidated and SDG&E include Otay Mesa VIE, which is not included in Sempra Energy's federal or state income tax returns but is consolidated for financial statement purposes, and therefore, Sempra Energy Consolidated's and SDG&E's effective income tax rates are impacted by the VIE's stand-alone effective income tax rate. We discuss Otay Mesa VIE above in “Variable Interest Entities.”

SoCalGas

The increase in SoCalGas' income tax expense in the three months ended March 31, 2014 was primarily due to higher pretax income offset by higher deductions for certain repairs expenditures that are capitalized for financial statement purposes.

The CPUC requires flow-through rate-making treatment for the current income tax benefit or expense arising from certain property-related and other temporary differences between the treatment for financial reporting and income tax, which will reverse over time. Under the regulatory accounting treatment required for these flow-through temporary differences, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are not recorded to deferred income tax expense, but rather to a regulatory asset or liability, which impacts the current effective income tax rate. As a result, changes in the relative size of these items compared to pretax income, from period to period, can cause variations in the effective income tax rate. The following items are subject to flow-through treatment:

  • repairs expenditures related to a certain portion of utility plant fixed assets
  • the equity portion of AFUDC
  • a portion of the cost of removal of utility plant assets
  • self-developed software expenditures

  • depreciation on a certain portion of utility plant fixed assets

The AFUDC related to equity recorded for regulated construction projects at Sempra Mexico has similar flow-through treatment.

We provide additional information about our accounting for income taxes in Notes 1 and 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report