EX-99.2 3 a2166679zex-99_2.htm EXHIBIT 99.2
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Exhibit 99.2


SLM CORPORATION
SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FOURTH QUARTER 2005
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

        The following supplemental information should be read in connection with SLM Corporation's (the "Company") press release of fourth quarter 2005 earnings, dated January 19, 2006.

        Statements in this Supplemental Financial Information release that refer to expectations as to future developments are forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements contemplate risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace arising from the implementation of applicable laws and regulations and from changes in such laws and regulations; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of educational institutions, students and their families; changes in the demand for debt management services and new laws or changes in existing laws that govern debt management services; and changes in the general interest rate environment. For more information, see our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

        Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the Company's 2004 Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005.

        Certain reclassifications have been made to the balances as of and for the quarters ended September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, to be consistent with classifications adopted for the quarter ended December 31, 2005.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        The following table presents the statements of income for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

    Statements of Income

 
   
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
   
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
 
   
  (unaudited)

  (unaudited)

  (unaudited)

  (unaudited)

  (unaudited)

 
Interest income:                                
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 315   $ 270   $ 175   $ 1,015   $ 725  
  Consolidation Loans     760     677     432     2,500     1,365  
  Private Education Loans     204     174     99     634     336  
  Other loans     23     22     20     85     74  
  Cash and investments     90     70     75     276     233  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,392     1,213     801     4,510     2,733  
Interest expense     1,002     829     469     3,059     1,434  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     390     384     332     1,451     1,299  
Less: provisions for losses     65     12     32     203     111  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     325     372     300     1,248     1,188  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Other income:                                
  Gains on student loan securitizations     241             552     375  
  Servicing and securitization revenue     80     (16 )   142     357     561  
  Losses on investments, net     (7 )   (43 )   (12 )   (64 )   (49 )
  Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     70     316     507     247     849  
  Guarantor servicing fees     21     36     29     115     120  
  Debt management fees     99     93     76     360     300  
  Collections revenue     48     42     34     167     39  
  Other     68     74     66     273     290  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Total other income     620     502     842     2,007     2,485  
Operating expenses:                                
  Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance             118         221  
  Other operating expenses     297     292     269     1,138     895  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Total operating expenses     297     292     387     1,138     1,116  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     648     582     755     2,117     2,557  
Income taxes(1)     216     150     104     729     642  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     432     432     651     1,388     1,915  
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1     1     1     6     1  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Net income     431     431     650     1,382     1,914  
Preferred stock dividends     8     7     3     22     12  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common stock   $ 423   $ 424   $ 647   $ 1,360   $ 1,902  
       
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share(2)   $ .96   $ .95   $ 1.40   $ 3.05   $ 4.04  
       
 
 
 
 
 



   
   
   
   
   
 
(1)   Income tax expense includes the permanent tax impact of excluding gains and losses from equity forward contracts from taxable income.  

(2)

 

Impact on GAAP diluted earnings per common share due to the implementation of EITF No. 04-8

 

$

(.03

)

$

(.04

)

$

(.08

)

$

(.11

)

$

(.23

)
       
 
 
 
 
 

2


        The following table provides the historical effect of our contingently convertible debt instruments ("Co-Cos") on our common stock equivalents ("CSEs") and after-tax interest expense in connection with the implementation of EITF No. 04-8 for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004:

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
(in thousands)

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Sept. 30,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

CSE impact of Co-Cos (shares)     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312     30,312
Co-Cos after-tax interest expense   $ 13,685   $ 11,971   $ 7,125   $ 44,572   $ 21,405

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Earnings Summary

Three Months Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2005

        For the three months ended December 31, 2005, our net income was $431 million ($.96 diluted earnings per share) versus net income of $431 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. On a pre-tax basis, fourth quarter of 2005 income of $648 million was an 11 percent increase over $582 million earned in the third quarter of 2005. The reason that quarter over quarter pre-tax income increased whereas it was flat on an after-tax basis is due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 26 percent in the third quarter of 2005 to 33 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. Under the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB's") Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity," we are required to mark the equity forward contracts to market each quarter and recognize the change in their value in income. Conversely, these unrealized gains and losses are not recognized on a tax basis. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the unrealized gain on our outstanding equity forward contracts was $56 million, a decrease of $107 million versus the unrealized gain of $163 million recognized in the third quarter of 2005.

        When comparing the pre-tax results of the fourth quarter to the third quarter, there were several offsetting factors, the two largest of which were a $246 million decrease in the net gain on derivative and hedging activities, offset by an increase in securitization gains of $241 million. The net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relate to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive accounting hedge treatment. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts and to the effect of an increase in the value of our stock price on equity forward contracts. Forward interest rates rose in both the third and fourth quarters; however the increase was less in the fourth quarter resulting in less of a gain on the Floor Income Contracts. Likewise, the stock price of SLM Corporation increased in both the third and fourth quarters, but the absolute increase was less in the fourth quarter resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our equity forward contracts in the fourth quarter. The $36 million decrease in losses on investments versus the prior quarter is primarily due to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter.

        The fourth quarter securitization gains were driven by two off-balance sheet securitizations, particularly a Private Education Loan securitization that had a pre-tax gain of $222 million or 15 percent of the amount securitized, versus no off-balance sheet transactions and consequently no gains in the third quarter of 2005. Also in the fourth quarter, we recorded impairment losses to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $65 million versus $171 million in the third quarter. These impairments were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the record amount of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed through our securitizations in the third quarter of 2005. Higher than projected Consolidations continued in the fourth quarter of

3



2005, but at a much lower rate than the third quarter. The reduction in impairment losses was the major factor in the $96 million increase in servicing and securitization revenue.

        During the fourth quarter we acquired $6.5 billion in student loans, including $1.5 billion in Private Education Loans. In the third quarter of 2005, we acquired $8.4 billion in student loans, of which $2.3 billion were Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we originated $4.6 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel compared to $7.2 billion originated in the third quarter of 2005.

Three Months Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Three Months Ended December 31, 2004

        For the three months ended December 31, 2005, net income of $431 million ($.96 diluted earnings per share) was a 34 percent decrease from net income of $650 million for the three months ended December 31, 2004. On a pre-tax basis, fourth quarter of 2005 income of $648 million was a 14 percent decrease from $755 million earned in the fourth quarter of 2004. The larger percentage decrease in year-over-year, after-tax net income versus pre-tax net income is driven by the increase in the effective tax rate from 14 percent in the fourth quarter of 2004 to 33 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. Fluctuations in the effective tax rate are driven by the permanent impact of the exclusion of the unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts for tax purposes. The year-over-year fluctuation in the effective tax rate was driven by an unrealized gain of $56 million on our outstanding equity forward contracts in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus an unrealized gain of $424 million in the fourth quarter of 2004.

        When comparing the pre-tax results of the fourth quarter of 2005 to the year-ago quarter, there were several offsetting factors, the two largest of which were a $437 million decrease in the net gain on derivative and hedging activities, partially offset by an increase in securitization gains of $241 million. The net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities primarily relate to the unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on our derivatives that do not receive accounting hedge treatment. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts and to the effect of an increase in the value of our stock price on equity forward contracts. Forward interest rates rose in both quarters; however the increase was greater in the year-ago quarter than in the current quarter resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our Floor Income Contracts in the fourth quarter of 2005. In addition, the stock price of SLM Corporation rose in both quarters, but the absolute increase was lower in the fourth quarter of 2005 than in the year-ago quarter resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our equity forward contracts when compared to the fourth quarter of 2004.

        As discussed above, securitization gains in the fourth quarter of 2005 were $241 million on two off-balance sheet transactions. In the fourth quarter of 2004 there were no off-balance sheet transactions and therefore no gains recognized. We incurred impairment losses in the fourth quarter of 2005 to our Retained Interests in securitizations of $65 million versus $19 million in the year-ago quarter that were primarily the result of FFELP Stafford loans prepaying faster than projected due to the continued high level of Consolidation Loan applications that were processed through our securitizations in the fourth quarter of 2005. The increase in year-over-year impairment losses was the major driver of the $62 million decrease in servicing and securitization revenue.

        The fourth quarter of 2005 also benefited from a higher average balance of student loans on-balance sheet that increased net interest income by $58 million, whereas net income for the fourth quarter of 2004 was negatively impacted by a $118 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $1.3 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in fiscal year 2004.

        During the fourth quarter of 2005 we acquired $6.5 billion in student loans, including $1.5 billion in Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2004, we acquired $11.8 billion in student loans, of which $896 million were Private Education Loans. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we originated $4.6 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 15 percent over the $4.0 billion originated in the fourth quarter of 2004.

4


Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004

        For the year ended December 31, 2005, our net income decreased by 26 percent to $1.4 billion ($3.05 diluted earnings per share) from net income of $1.9 billion ($4.04 diluted earnings per share) in 2004. On a pre-tax basis, income for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by 19 percent to $2.1 billion versus $2.6 billion in the year ended of 2004. The larger percentage decrease in net income from 2004 to 2005 is primarily due to the increase in the effective tax rate from 25 percent in the year ended 2004 to 34 percent in the year ended 2005, caused by unrealized gains and losses on equity forward contracts as described above. In the year ended 2005, we recognized unrealized gains on our outstanding equity forward contracts of $121 million versus unrealized gains of $759 million in the year ended 2004.

        The decrease in pre-tax income is primarily due to a $602 million decrease in the gain on derivative and hedging activities, which primarily relates to derivatives that do not receive hedge accounting treatment. Unrealized derivative gains are primarily due to the effect of higher forward interest rates on the liability for outstanding Floor Income Contracts and to the effect of an increase in the value of our stock price on equity forward contracts. Although forward interest rates rose more in 2005 than in 2004, the unrealized gains on our Floor Income Contracts were smaller in 2005 due to fewer contracts being in the money. The stock price of SLM Corporation increased in both 2005 and 2004, but the absolute increase was less in 2005 resulting in a smaller unrealized gain on our equity forward contracts in 2005.

        The year-over-year results were negatively impacted by impairments of our Retained Interests in securitizations of $260 million in 2005 versus $80 million for the year ended 2004. These impairments are recorded in the "servicing and securitization revenue" line item. The increase in impairment losses were partially offset by an increase in securitization gains of $177 million primarily caused by higher percentage gains on the 2005 Private Education Loan securitizations.

        The year-over-year increase in debt management fees and collections revenue of $188 million is primarily due to a full year impact of collections revenue from AFS, acquired in the third quarter of 2004 and overall growth in the contingency fee businesses. Positive impacts to pre-tax income were offset by the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $243 million, primarily attributable to the expenses associated with three subsidiaries acquired in the second half of 2004: AFS, Southwest and SLFA.

        Net income for the year ended December 31, 2004 was also negatively impacted by a $221 million pre-tax loss related to the repurchase and defeasance of $3.0 billion of GSE debt in connection with the GSE Wind-Down in 2004.

        Our Managed student loan portfolio grew by $15.1 billion, from $107.4 billion at December 31, 2004 to $122.5 billion at December 31, 2005. This growth was fueled by the acquisition of $30.2 billion of student loans in the year ended 2005, a one percent increase over the $29.9 billion acquired in 2004. In the year ended 2005, we originated $21.4 billion of student loans through our Preferred Channel, an increase of 19 percent over the $18.0 billion originated in the year ended 2004.

5



NET INTEREST INCOME

Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Income

        The amounts in the following table are adjusted for the impact of certain tax-exempt and tax-advantaged investments based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate of 35 percent.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

Interest income:                              
  Student loans   $ 1,279   $ 1,121   $ 707   $ 4,149   $ 2,426
  Other loans     23     22     20     85     74
  Cash and investments     90     70     75     277     233
  Taxable equivalent adjustment     3     1     3     5     9
   
 
 
 
 
Total taxable equivalent interest income     1,395     1,214     805     4,516     2,742
Interest expense     1,002     829     469     3,059     1,434
   
 
 
 
 
Taxable equivalent net interest income   $ 393   $ 385   $ 336   $ 1,457   $ 1,308
   
 
 
 
 

Average Balance Sheets

        The following table reflects the rates earned on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                                
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 22,062   5.67 % $ 21,574   4.97 % $ 17,654   3.95 %
Consolidation Loans     53,020   5.69     48,774   5.51     38,374   4.48  
Private Education Loans     7,832   10.33     7,193   9.57     5,256   7.49  
Other loans     1,106   8.29     1,036   8.40     1,029   7.80  
Cash and investments     7,075   5.19     6,621   4.26     11,285   2.74  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     91,095   6.08 %   85,198   5.65 %   73,598   4.35 %
         
       
       
 
Non-interest earning assets     8,031         6,898         6,551      
   
     
     
     
Total assets   $ 99,126       $ 92,096       $ 80,149      
   
     
     
     
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                                
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,523   4.56 % $ 4,765   3.95 % $ 3,630   2.96 %
Long-term borrowings     86,606   4.35     80,125   3.87     70,472   2.50  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     91,129   4.36 %   84,890   3.87 %   74,102   2.52 %
         
       
       
 
Non-interest bearing liabilities     4,079         3,596         3,073      
Stockholders' equity     3,918         3,610         2,974      
   
     
     
     
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 99,126       $ 92,096       $ 80,149      
   
     
     
     
Net interest margin         1.71 %       1.80 %       1.81 %
         
       
       
 

6


 
 
Years ended

 
 
  December 31, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  Rate
  Balance
  Rate
 
Average Assets                      
FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 20,720   4.90 % $ 19,317   3.76 %
Consolidation loans     47,082   5.31     31,773   4.30  
Private Education Loans     6,922   9.16     4,795   7.00  
Other loans     1,072   8.04     1,004   7.72  
Cash and investments     6,662   4.22     11,322   2.11  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest earning assets     82,458   5.48 %   68,211   4.02 %
         
       
 
Non-interest earning assets     6,990         6,497      
   
     
     
Total assets   $ 89,448       $ 74,708      
   
     
     
Average Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity                      
Short-term borrowings   $ 4,517   3.93 % $ 10,596   1.95 %
Long-term borrowings     77,958   3.70     58,134   2.11  
   
 
 
 
 
Total interest bearing liabilities     82,475   3.71 %   68,730   2.09 %
         
       
 
Non-interest bearing liabilities     3,555         3,195      
Stockholders' equity     3,418         2,783      
   
     
     
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity   $ 89,448       $ 74,708      
   
     
     
Net interest margin         1.77 %       1.92 %
         
       
 

        The decrease in the net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus the prior quarter and year-ago quarter is primarily due to fluctuations in the student loan spread as discussed under "Student Loans—Student Loan Spread Analysis." In addition to student loan spread related items, the net interest margin in the year-ago quarter was negatively impacted by the higher average balances of lower yielding short-term investments which were being built up during 2004 as additional liquidity in anticipation of the GSE Wind-Down.

Student Loans

        For both federally insured and Private Education Loans, we account for premiums paid, discounts received and certain origination costs incurred on the origination and acquisition of student loans in accordance with SFAS No. 91, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases." The unamortized portion of the premiums and discounts is included in the carrying value of the student loan on the consolidated balance sheet. We recognize income on our student loan portfolio based on the expected yield of the student loan after giving effect to the amortization of purchase premiums and the accretion of student loan discounts, as well as interest rate reductions and rebates expected to be earned through borrower benefit programs. Discounts on Private Education Loans are deferred and accreted to income over the lives of the student loans. In the table below, this accretion of discounts is netted with the amortization of the premiums.

7


Student Loan Spread Analysis

        The following table analyzes the reported earnings from student loans both on-balance sheet and those off-balance sheet in securitization trusts. For student loans off-balance sheet, we will continue to earn securitization and servicing fee revenues over the life of the securitized loan portfolios. The off-balance sheet information is discussed in more detail in "Securitization Program—Servicing and Securitization Revenue" where we analyze the on-going servicing revenue and Residual Interest earned on the securitized portfolios of student loans. For an analysis of our student loan spread for the entire portfolio of Managed student loans on a similar basis to the on-balance sheet analysis, see "Lending Business Segment—Student Loan Spread Analysis—Managed Basis."

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
On-Balance Sheet                                
Student loan yield, before Floor Income     6.97 %   6.39 %   5.02 %   6.22 %   4.53 %
Gross Floor Income     .12     .20     .55     .25     .73  
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees     (.66 )   (.65 )   (.64 )   (.65 )   (.58 )
Offset Fees                     (.03 )
Borrower benefits     (.13 )   (.04 )   (.21 )   (.11 )   (.18 )
Premium and discount amortization     (.18 )   (.16 )   (.13 )   (.16 )   (.13 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Student loan net yield     6.12     5.74     4.59     5.55     4.34  
Student loan cost of funds     (4.35 )   (3.85 )   (2.46 )   (3.69 )   (2.01 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Student loan spread     1.77 %   1.89 %   2.13 %   1.86 %   2.33 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet                                
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Floor Income     .77 %   (.23 )%   1.20 %   .81 %   1.17 %
Floor Income, net of Floor Income previously recognized in gain on sale calculation     .05     .07     .11     .06     .21  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue     .82 %   (.16 )%   1.31 %   .87 %   1.38 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Average Balances                                
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 82,914   $ 77,541   $ 61,284   $ 74,724   $ 55,885  
Off-balance sheet student loans     38,497     40,742     42,852     41,220     40,558  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 121,411   $ 118,283   $ 104,136   $ 115,944   $ 96,443  
   
 
 
 
 
 

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Effects of Floor Income and Derivative Accounting

        One of the primary drivers of fluctuations in our on-balance sheet student loan spread is the level of gross Floor Income (Floor Income earned before payments on Floor Income Contracts) earned in the period. For the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, we earned gross Floor Income of $26 million (12 basis points), $40 million (20 basis points) and $84 million (55 basis points), respectively. The reduction in gross Floor Income is primarily due to the increase in short-term interest rates. We believe that we have economically hedged most of the Floor Income through the sale of Floor Income Contracts, under which we receive an upfront fee and agree to pay the counterparty the Floor Income earned on a notional amount of student loans. These contracts do not qualify for accounting hedge treatment and as a result the payments on the Floor Income Contracts are included on the income statement with "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging

8



activities, net" rather than in student loan interest income. Payments on Floor Income Contracts associated with on-balance sheet student loans for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 totaled $26 million (12 basis points), $38 million (19 basis points) and $73 million (48 basis points), respectively.

        In addition to Floor Income Contracts, we also extensively use basis swaps to manage our basis risk associated with interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. These swaps generally do not qualify as accounting hedges and are likewise required to be accounted for in the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement. As a result, they are not considered in the calculation of the cost of funds in the above table.

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Effects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented

        There was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter of 2005 caused primarily by FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This unprecedented volume of Consolidation Loan requests resulted in a majority of the applications being processed in the third and fourth quarters. The increase to premium and discount amortization in the third and fourth quarters can mainly be attributed to this surge in Consolidation Loan activity as we write-off the balance of unamortized premiums associated with loans that consolidate away from the Company as a current period expense in accordance with SFAS No. 91 (as discussed under "Net Interest Income—Student Loans").

        In the fourth quarter of 2005, a significant volume of our Consolidation Loans were consolidated with third party lenders through the Direct Lending program, (see "Consolidation Loan Activity" for further discussion") which resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for loans consolidated with third parties. Loans lost through consolidation benefit the student spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of borrower benefit reserves associated with these loans.

        In the third quarter of 2005, we updated our estimates for the qualification of borrower benefits to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $16 million or eight basis points in our borrower benefits reserve in the third quarter.

Discussion of Student Loan Spread—Other Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations

        The change in the fourth quarter 2005 spread versus the third quarter of 2005, after giving effect to the items discussed above, was also impacted by the nine percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the higher average balance of Consolidation Loans.

        When compared to the year-ago quarter, the increase in the fourth quarter 2005 student loan spread after giving effect to the items discussed above was also due to lower borrower benefits and to the 49 percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans. These positive effects were partially offset by the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the on-balance sheet portfolio.

9


On-Balance Sheet Floor Income

        For on-balance sheet student loans, gross Floor Income is included in student loan income. The following table summarizes the components of Floor Income from on-balance sheet student loans, net of payments under Floor Income Contracts, for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
 
 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Fixed
borrower
rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Floor Income:                                                        
Gross Floor Income   $ 26   $   $ 26   $ 40   $   $ 40   $ 84   $   $ 84  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts     (26 )       (26 )   (38 )       (38 )   (73 )       (73 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income   $   $   $   $ 2   $   $ 2   $ 11   $   $ 11  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income in basis points                 1         1     7         7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years ended

 
 
  December 31, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
  Fixed
borrower
Rate

  Variable
borrower
rate

  Total
 
Floor Income:                                      
Gross Floor Income   $ 187   $   $ 187   $ 406   $ 2   $ 408  
Payments on Floor Income Contracts     (175 )       (175 )   (368 )       (368 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income   $ 12   $   $ 12   $ 38   $ 2   $ 40  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Floor Income in basis points     2         2     7         7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

        The decrease in the fourth quarter 2005 net Floor Income versus the prior and year-ago quarters is primarily due to an increase in short-term interest rates.

SECURITIZATION PROGRAM

Securitization Activity

        The following table summarizes our securitization activity for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
 
 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

 
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans   1   $ 3,003   $ 19   .6 %   $   $   %   $   $   %
Consolidation Loans                                      
Private Education Loans   1     1,500     222   14.8                          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   2     4,503   $ 241   5.3 %       $   %       $   %
             
 
           
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                                                  
Consolidation Loans(1)   1     3,001             3     7,276             1     3,900            
Total securitizations—financings   1     3,001             3     7,276             1     3,900            
   
 
           
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   3   $ 7,504             3   $ 7,276             1   $ 3,900            
   
 
           
 
           
 
           

10


 
 
Years ended

 
 
  December 31, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

  No. of
Transactions

  Amount
Securitized

  Pre-Tax
Gain

  Gain
%

 
FFELP Stafford/PLUS loans   3   $ 6,533   $ 68   1.1 % 4   $ 10,002   $ 134   1.3 %
Consolidation Loans   2     4,011     31   .8              
Private Education Loans   2     3,005     453   15.1   2     2,535     241   9.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total securitizations—sales   7     13,549   $ 552   4.1 % 6     12,537   $ 375   3.0 %
             
 
           
 
 
Asset-backed commercial paper                   1     4,186            
Consolidation Loans(1)   5     12,503             6     17,124            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations—financings   5     12,503             7     21,310            
   
 
           
 
           
Total securitizations   12   $ 26,052             13   $ 33,847            
   
 
           
 
           

(1)
In certain Consolidation Loan securitization structures, we hold certain rights that can affect the remarketing of certain bonds, such that these securitizations did not qualify as qualifying special purpose entities ("QSPEs"). Accordingly, they are accounted for on-balance sheet as variable interest entities ("VIEs").

        The increase in the gain as a percentage of the amount securitized for the 2005 Private Education Loan securitization versus the prior year's transactions is primarily impacted by higher earnings spreads on the mix of loans securitized, improved funding spreads, and a decrease in the CPR assumption used in the calculation of the 2005 gains on sale.

Servicing and Securitization Revenue

        Servicing and securitization revenue, the ongoing revenue from securitized loan pools accounted for off-balance sheet as QSPEs, includes the interest earned on the Residual Interest and the revenue we receive for servicing the loans in the securitization trusts. Interest income recognized on the Residual Interest is based on our anticipated yield determined by estimating future cash flows each quarter.

11



        The following table summarizes the components of servicing and securitization revenue for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Servicing revenue   $ 73   $ 79   $ 87   $ 323   $ 326  
Securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment     67     68     62     270     230  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue, before Embedded Floor Income and impairment     140     147     149     593     556  
Embedded Floor Income     12     19     41     81     241  
Less: Floor Income previously recognized in gain calculation     (7 )   (11 )   (29 )   (57 )   (156 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net Embedded Floor Income     5     8     12     24     85  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue, before impairment     145     155     161     617     641  
Retained Interest impairment     (65 )   (171 )   (19 )   (260 )   (80 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total servicing and securitization revenue   $ 80   $ (16 ) $ 142   $ 357   $ 561  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Average off-balance sheet student loans   $ 38,497   $ 40,742   $ 42,852   $ 41,220   $ 40,558  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Average balance of Retained Interest   $ 2,476   $ 2,530   $ 2,430   $ 2,476   $ 2,434  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Servicing and securitization revenue as a percentage of the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans (annualized)     .82 %   (.16 )%   1.31 %   .87 %   1.38 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

        Servicing and securitization revenue is primarily driven by the average balance of off-balance sheet student loans and the amount of and the difference in the timing of Embedded Floor Income recognition on off-balance sheet student loans. Servicing and securitization revenue can also be negatively impacted by impairments of the value of our Retained Interest, caused primarily by the effect of higher than expected Consolidation Loan activity on FFELP Stafford student loan securitizations and the effect of market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income included in the Retained Interest. When FFELP Stafford loans in a securitization trust consolidate, they are a prepayment to the trust resulting in a shorter average life. We use a CPR assumption to estimate the effect of trust prepayments from loan consolidation and other factors on the life of the trust. When consolidation activity is higher than forecasted, the Residual Interest asset can be impaired and the yield used to recognize subsequent income from the trust is negatively impacted. The majority of the consolidations bring the loans back on-balance sheet so we retain the value of the asset on-balance sheet versus in the trust. For the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $65 million, $171 million, and $19 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, we recorded impairments to the Retained Interests of $260 million and $80 million, respectively. The impairment charges in both the fourth and third quarters of 2005 were primarily caused by the record levels of consolidation activity as well as the Company increasing its expected future CPR assumptions used to value the Residual Interest as of September 30, 2005. This surge in Consolidation Loan activity was due to FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. These applications were processed through our

12



securitizations in both the third and fourth quarter of 2005. The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity is highly volatile, and in response we continue to revise our estimates of the effects of Consolidation Loan activity on our Retained Interests. We updated our FFELP Stafford CPR assumptions in the third quarter of 2005 as follows:

Year

  As of
September 30,
2005(1)

  As of
December 31,
2004

2005   30%   20%
2006   20%   15%
2007   15%   6%
Thereafter   10%   6%

(1)
Assumptions used to value the Residual Interest as of September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2005.

        The level and timing of Consolidation Loan activity remains highly volatile and may result in additional impairment recorded in future periods if Consolidation Loan activity remains higher than projected. The fourth quarter of 2005 impairment charge was also due to the re-introduction of a one percent Risk Sharing loss assumption in our FFELP residuals related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act (See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS.") This comprised $23 million of the $65 million total impairment charge for the fourth quarter of 2005. See "Allowance for FFELP Student Loans" for further discussion regarding the change in the Risk Sharing exposure.

        In 2004, our Retained Interests were also impaired by the effect of higher market interest rates on the Embedded Floor Income. The impairments are recorded as a reduction in securitization revenue.

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

        We manage our business through two primary operating segments: the Lending operating segment and the Debt Management Operations ("DMO") operating segment. Accordingly, the results of operations of the Company's Lending and DMO segments are presented below. These operating segments are considered reportable segments under SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," based on quantitative thresholds applied to the Company's financial statements. In addition, we provide other complementary products and services, including guarantor and student loan servicing, through smaller operating segments that do not meet such thresholds and are aggregated in the Corporate and Other operating segment for financial reporting purposes.

        The management reporting process measures the performance of the Company's operating segments based on the management structure of the Company as well as the methodology used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Management, including the Company's chief operating decision maker, evaluates the performance of the Company's operating segments based on their profitability. As discussed further below, management measures the profitability of the Company's operating segments based on "core earnings." Accordingly, information regarding the Company's reportable segments is provided based on "core earnings." Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP as described below. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. The management reporting process measures the performance of the operating segments based on the management structure of the Company and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. The Company's operating segments are defined by the products and services they offer or the types of customers they serve, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Intersegment revenues and expenses are netted within the appropriate financial

13



statement line items consistent with the income statement presentation provided to management. Changes in management structure or allocation methodologies and procedures may result in changes in reported segment financial information.

        "Core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to develop the Company's financial plans, track results, and establish corporate performance targets and incentive compensation. While "core earnings" are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP, the Company relies on "core earnings" in operating its business because "core earnings" permit management to make meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the core business activities of its operating segments. Accordingly, the tables presented below reflect "core earnings" reviewed and utilized by management to manage the business for each of the Company's reportable segments. Reconciliations to the Company's consolidated operating results in accordance with GAAP are also included in the tables below.

 
  Quarter ended December 31, 2005
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Total "Core
Earnings"

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 620   $   $   $ 620   $ (305 ) $ 315
  Consolidation Loans     934             934     (174 )   760
  Private Education Loans     374             374     (170 )   204
  Other loans     23             23         23
  Cash and investments     129             129     (39 )   90
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     2,080             2,080     (688 )   1,392
Total interest expense     1,514             1,514     (512 )   1,002
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     566             566     (176 )   390
Less: provisions for losses     69             69     (4 )   65
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     497             497     (172 )   325
Fee income         99     21     120         120
Collections revenue         48         48         48
Other income     38         28     66     386     452
Operating expenses     122     83     74     279     18     297
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     153     23     (9 )   167     49     216
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries         1         1         1
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 260   $ 40   $ (16 ) $ 284   $ 147   $ 431
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

14


 
 
Quarter ended September 30, 2005

 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Total "Core
Earnings"

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 586   $   $   $ 586   $ (316 ) $ 270
  Consolidation Loans     833             833     (156 )   677
  Private Education Loans     312             312     (138 )   174
  Other loans     22             22         22
  Cash and investments     113             113     (43 )   70
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,866             1,866     (653 )   1,213
Total interest expense     1,306             1,306     (477 )   829
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     560             560     (176 )   384
Less: provisions for losses                     12     12
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     560             560     (188 )   372
Fee income         93     36     129         129
Collections revenue         42         42         42
Other income             36     36     295     331
Operating expenses     117     72     82     271     21     292
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     164     23     (4 )   183     (33 )   150
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries         1         1         1
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 279   $ 39   $ (6 ) $ 312   $ 119   $ 431
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 
  Quarter ended December 31, 2004
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Total "Core
Earnings"

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 477   $   $   $ 477   $ (302 ) $ 175
  Consolidation Loans     488             488     (56 )   432
  Private Education Loans     187             187     (88 )   99
  Other loans     20             20         20
  Cash and investments     90             90     (15 )   75
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     1,262             1,262     (461 )   801
Total interest expense     784             784     (315 )   469
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     478             478     (146 )   332
Less: provisions for losses     36             36     (4 )   32
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     442             442     (142 )   300
Fee income         76     29     105         105
Collections revenue         34         34         34
Other income     36         31     67     636     703
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance     118             118         118
Operating expenses     109     60     86     255     14     269
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     85     17     (8 )   94     10     104
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries         1         1         1
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 166   $ 32   $ (18 ) $ 180   $ 470   $ 650
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

15


 
  Year ended December 31, 2005

 

 

Lending


 

DMO


 

Corporate
and Other


 

Total "Core
Earnings"


 

Adjustments


 

Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 2,298   $   $   $ 2,298   $ (1,283 ) $ 1,015
  Consolidation Loans     3,014             3,014     (514 )   2,500
  Private Education Loans     1,160             1,160     (526 )   634
  Other loans     85             85         85
  Cash and investments     401             401     (125 )   276
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     6,958             6,958     (2,448 )   4,510
Total interest expense     4,823             4,823     (1,764 )   3,059
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     2,135             2,135     (684 )   1,451
Less: provisions for losses     138             138     65     203
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     1,997             1,997     (749 )   1,248
Fee income         360     115     475         475
Collections revenue         167         167         167
Other income     110         126     236     1,129     1,365
Operating expenses     479     283     308     1,070     68     1,138
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     602     91     (25 )   668     61     729
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     2     4         6         6
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 1,024   $ 149   $ (42 ) $ 1,131   $ 251   $ 1,382
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

 
  Year ended December 31, 2004
 
  Lending
  DMO
  Corporate
and Other

  Total "Core
Earnings"

  Adjustments
  Total
GAAP

Interest income:                                    
  FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 1,715   $   $   $ 1,715   $ (990 ) $ 725
  Consolidation Loans     1,473             1,473     (108 )   1,365
  Private Education Loans     613             613     (277 )   336
  Other loans     74             74         74
  Cash and investments     267             267     (34 )   233
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total interest income     4,142             4,142     (1,409 )   2,733
Total interest expense     2,320             2,320     (886 )   1,434
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income     1,822             1,822     (523 )   1,299
Less: provisions for losses     114             114     (3 )   111
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     1,708             1,708     (520 )   1,188
Fee income         300     120     420         420
Collections revenue         39         39         39
Other income     131         130     261     1,765     2,026
Loss on GSE debt and extinguishment     221             221         221
Operating expenses     409     159     291     859     36     895
Income tax expense (benefit)(1)     430     65     (15 )   480     162     642
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries         1         1         1
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)   $ 779   $ 114   $ (26 ) $ 867   $ 1,047   $ 1,914
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

16


Reconciliation of "Core Earnings" Net Income to GAAP Net Income

 
   
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
   
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
"Core earnings" net income(1)   $ 284   $ 312   $ 180   $ 1,131   $ 867  
"Core earnings" adjustments:                                
  Net impact of securitization accounting     118     (253 )   (132 )   (60 )   (152 )
  Net impact of derivative accounting     150     409     661     637     1,553  
  Net impact of Floor Income     (56 )   (54 )   (35 )   (204 )   (156 )
  Amortization of acquired intangibles     (16 )   (16 )   (14 )   (61 )   (36 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
Total "core earnings" adjustments
    before income taxes
    196     86     480     312     1,209  
Net tax effect(2)     (49 )   33     (10 )   (61 )   (162 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
Total "core earnings" adjustments     147     119     470     251     1,047  
       
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP net income   $ 431   $ 431   $ 650   $ 1,382   $ 1,914  
       
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP diluted earnings per
    common share
  $ .96   $ .95   $ 1.40   $ 3.05   $ 4.04  
       
 
 
 
 
 



   
   
   
   
   
 
(1)   "Core earnings" diluted earnings per common share   $ .63   $ .69   $ .39   $ 2.51   $ 1.84  
       
 
 
 
 
 

(2)

 

Such tax effect is based upon the Company's "core earnings" effective tax rate for the year. The net tax effect results primarily from the exclusion of the permanent income tax impact of the equity forward contracts.

 

Limitations of "Core Earnings"

        While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, management believes that "core earnings" are an important additional tool for providing a more complete understanding of the Company's results of operations. Nevertheless, "core earnings" are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, as stated above, unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our "core earnings" are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Unlike GAAP, "core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP. Accordingly, the Company's "core earnings" presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not compare our Company's performance with that of other financial services companies based upon "core earnings." "Core earnings" results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, the Company's board of directors, rating agencies and lenders to assess performance.

17


        Other limitations arise from the specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive "core earnings" results. For example, in reversing the unrealized gains and losses that result from SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment accounting, as well as on derivatives that do qualify but are in part ineffective because they are not perfect hedges, we focus on the long-term economic effectiveness of those instruments relative to the underlying hedged item and isolate the effects of interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price on the fair value of such instruments during the period. Under GAAP, the effects of these factors on the fair value of the derivative instruments (but not on the underlying hedged item) tend to show more volatility in the short term. While our presentation of our results on a Managed Basis provides important information regarding the performance of our Managed portfolio, a limitation on this presentation is that we are presenting the ongoing spread income on loans that have been sold to a trust managed by us. While we believe that our Managed Basis presentation presents the economic substance of our Managed loan portfolio, it understates earnings volatility from securitization gains. Our "core earnings" results exclude certain Floor Income, which is real cash income, from our reported results and therefore may in certain periods understate earnings. Management's financial planning and valuation of operating results, however, does not take into account Floor Income because of its inherent uncertainty, except when it is economically hedged through Floor Income Contracts.

Pre-tax Differences between "Core Earnings" and GAAP

        Our "core earnings" are the primary financial performance measures used by management to evaluate performance and to allocate resources. Accordingly, financial information is reported to management on a "core earnings" basis by reportable segment, as these are the measures used regularly by our chief operating decision maker. Our "core earnings" are used in developing our financial plans and tracking results, and also in establishing corporate performance targets and determining incentive compensation. Management believes this information provides additional insight into the financial performance of the Company's core business activities. "Core earnings" reflect only current period adjustments to GAAP, as described in the more detailed discussion of the differences between GAAP and "core earnings" that follows, which includes further detail on each specific adjustment required to reconcile our "core earnings" segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.

1)
Securitization: Under GAAP, certain securitization transactions in our Lending segment are accounted for as sales of assets. Under "core earnings" for the Lending segment, we present all securitization transactions on a Managed Basis as long-term non-recourse financings. The upfront "gains" on sale from securitization transactions as well as ongoing "servicing and securitization revenue" presented in accordance with GAAP are excluded from "core earnings" and replaced by the interest income, provision for loan losses, and interest expense as they are earned or incurred on the securitization loans. We also exclude transactions with our off-balance sheet trusts from "core earnings" as they are considered intercompany transactions on a Managed Basis.

18



The following table summarizes the securitization adjustments in our Lending business segment for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
   
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
   
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
    "Core earnings" securitization adjustments:                                
    Net interest income on securitized loans, after provisions for losses   $ (195 ) $ (225 ) $ (261 ) $ (935 ) $ (1,065 )
    Gains on student loan securitizations     241             552     375  
    Servicing and securitization revenue     80     (16 )   142     357     561  
    Intercompany transactions with off-balance sheet trusts     (8 )   (12 )   (13 )   (34 )   (23 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
    Total "core earnings" securitization adjustments   $ 118   $ (253 ) $ (132 ) $ (60 ) $ (152 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
2)
Derivative Accounting: "Core earnings" exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses arising primarily in our Lending business segment, and to a lesser degree in our Corporate and Other business segment, that are caused primarily by the one-sided mark-to-market derivative valuations prescribed by SFAS No. 133 on derivatives that do not qualify for "hedge treatment" under GAAP. Under "core earnings," we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an expense or revenue over the hedged item's life. "Core earnings" also exclude the gain or loss on equity forward contracts that under SFAS No. 133, are required to be accounted for as derivatives and marked-to-market through earnings.


SFAS No. 133 requires that changes in the fair value of derivative instruments be recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria, as specified by SFAS No. 133, are met. We believe that our derivatives are effective economic hedges, and as such, are a critical element of our interest rate risk management strategy. However, some of our derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts, certain Eurodollar futures contracts and certain basis swaps and equity forward contracts (discussed in detail below), do not qualify for "hedge treatment" as defined by SFAS No. 133, and the stand-alone derivative must be marked-to-market in the income statement with no consideration for the corresponding change in fair value of the hedged item. "Gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net" are primarily caused by interest rate volatility, changing credit spreads and changes in our stock price during the period and the volume and term of derivatives not receiving hedge treatment.


Our Floor Income Contracts are written options which must meet more stringent requirements than other hedging relationships to achieve hedge effectiveness under SFAS No. 133. Specifically, our Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment because the paydown of principal of the student loans underlying the Floor Income embedded in those student loans does not exactly match the change in the notional amount of our written Floor Income Contracts. Under SFAS No. 133, the upfront payment is deemed a liability and changes in fair value are recorded through income throughout the life of the contract. The change in the value of Floor Income Contracts is primarily caused by changing interest rates that cause the amount of Floor Income earned on the underlying student loans and paid to the counterparties to vary. This is economically offset by the change in value of the student loan portfolio, including our Retained Interests, earning Floor Income but that offsetting change in value is not recognized under SFAS No. 133. We believe the Floor Income Contracts are economic hedges because they effectively fix

19


    the amount of Floor Income earned over the contract period, thus eliminating the timing and uncertainty that changes in interest rates can have on Floor Income for that period. Prior to SFAS No. 133, we accounted for Floor Income Contracts as hedges and amortized the upfront cash compensation ratably over the lives of the contracts.


Basis swaps are used to convert floating rate debt from one interest rate index to another to better match the interest rate characteristics of the assets financed by that debt. We primarily use basis swaps to change the index of our fixed rate and LIBOR-based debt to better match the cash flows of our student loan assets that are primarily indexed to a commercial paper, Prime or Treasury bill index. SFAS No. 133 requires that when using basis swaps, the change in the cash flows of the hedge effectively offset both the change in the cash flows of the asset and the change in the cash flows of the liability. Our basis swaps hedge variable interest rate risk, however they do not meet this effectiveness test because our FFELP student loans can earn at either a variable or a fixed interest rate depending on market interest rates. We also have basis swaps that do not meet the SFAS No. 133 effectiveness test that economically hedge off-balance sheet instruments. As a result, under GAAP these swaps are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in the income statement.


Generally, a decrease in current interest rates and the respective forward interest rate curves results in an unrealized loss related to our written Floor Income Contracts which is offset by an increase in the value of the economically hedged student loans. This increase is not recognized in income. We will experience unrealized gains/losses related to our basis swaps, if the two underlying indices (and related forward curve) do not move in parallel.


Under SFAS No. 150, equity forward contracts that allow a net settlement option either in cash or the Company's stock are required to be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as derivatives. As a result, we account for our equity forward contracts as derivatives in accordance with SFAS No. 133 and mark them to market through earnings. They do not qualify as effective SFAS No. 133 hedges as a requirement to achieve hedge accounting is the hedged item must impact net income, and the settlement of these contracts through the purchase of our own stock does not impact net income.


The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting under SFAS No. 133 on our net income for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, when compared with the accounting principles employed in all years prior to the SFAS No. 133 implementation.

 
   
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
   
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
    "Core earnings" derivative adjustments:                                
    Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net included in other income(1)   $ 70   $ 316   $ 507   $ 247   $ 849  
    Less: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     80     93     162     387     713  
       
 
 
 
 
 
    Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net     150     409     669     634     1,562  
    Other pre-SFAS No. 133 accounting adjustments             (8 )   3     (9 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
    Total net impact of SFAS No. 133 derivative accounting   $ 150   $ 409   $ 661   $ 637   $ 1,553  
       
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
See "Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities" below for a detailed breakdown of the components of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities.

20


Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities

        SFAS No. 133 requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as "realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities") that do not qualify as hedges under SFAS No. 133 to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, and where they are reclassified to on a "core earnings" basis for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities:                                
  Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income   $ (38 ) $ (57 ) $ (111 ) $ (259 ) $ (562 )
  Net settlement expense on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income     (42 )   (36 )   (40 )   (123 )   (88 )
  Net realized losses on closed Eurodollar futures contracts and terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income             (11 )   (5 )   (63 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities     (80 )   (93 )   (162 )   (387 )   (713 )
  Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)     150     409     669     634     1,562  
   
 
 
 
 
 
  Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net   $ 70   $ 316   $ 507   $ 247   $ 849  
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
"Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" is comprised of the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):

 
   
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
   
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

    Floor Income Contracts   $ 102   $ 257   $ 227   $ 481   $ 729
    Equity forward contracts     56     163     424     121     759
    Basis swaps     (7 )   (19 )   29     40     73
    Other     (1 )   8     (11 )   (8 )   1
       
 
 
 
 
    Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net   $ 150   $ 409   $ 669   $ 634   $ 1,562
       
 
 
 
 
3)
Floor Income: The timing and amount (if any) of Floor Income earned in our Lending segment is uncertain and in excess of expected spreads and, therefore, we exclude such income from "core earnings" when it is not economically hedged. We employ derivatives, primarily Floor Income Contracts and futures, to economically hedge Floor Income. As discussed above in "Derivative Accounting," these derivatives do not qualify as effective accounting hedges and therefore under GAAP are marked-to-market through the "gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net" line on the income statement with no offsetting gain or loss recorded for the economically hedged items. For "core earnings," we reverse the fair value adjustments on the Floor Income Contracts and futures economically hedging Floor Income and include the amortization of net premiums received (net of Eurodollar futures contracts' realized gains or losses) in income.

21



The following table summarizes the Floor Income adjustments in our Lending business segment for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
   
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
   
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
    "Core earnings" Floor Income adjustments:                                
    Floor Income earned on Managed loans, net of payments on Floor Income Contracts   $   $ 2   $ 18   $ 19   $ 88  
    Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts and futures in net interest income     (56 )   (56 )   (53 )   (223 )   (194 )
    Net losses related to closed Eurodollar futures contracts economically hedging Floor Income                     (50 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
    Total "core earnings" Floor Income adjustments   $ (56 ) $ (54 ) $ (35 ) $ (204 ) $ (156 )
       
 
 
 
 
 
4)
Other items: We exclude certain amortization of acquired intangibles.

LENDING BUSINESS SEGMENT

        In our Lending business segment, we originate and acquire federally guaranteed student loans, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education ("ED"), and Private Education Loans, which are not federally guaranteed. The majority of our Private Education Loans is made in conjunction with a FFELP Stafford loan and as a result is marketed through the same marketing channels as FFELP Stafford loans. While FFELP student loans and Private Education Loans have different overall risk profiles due to the federal guarantee of the FFELP student loans, they share many of the same characteristics such as similar repayment terms, the same marketing channel and sales force, and are originated and serviced on the same servicing platform. Finally, where possible, the borrower receives a single bill for both the federally guaranteed and privately underwritten loans.

22



        The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Lending business segment.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
  Dec. 31,
2005

  Sept. 30,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

Managed Basis interest income:                              
  Managed FFELP Stafford and Other Student Loans   $ 620   $ 586   $ 477   $ 2,298   $ 1,715
  Managed Consolidation loans     934     833     488     3,014     1,473
  Managed Private Education Loans     374     312     187     1,160     613
  Other loans     23     22     20     85     74
  Cash and investments     129     113     90     401     267
   
 
 
 
 
Total Managed interest income     2,080     1,866     1,262     6,958     4,142
Total Managed interest expense     1,514     1,306     784     4,823     2,320
   
 
 
 
 
Net Managed interest income     566     560     478     2,135     1,822
Less: provisions for losses     69         36     138     114
   
 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provisions for losses     497     560     442     1,997     1,708
Other income     38         36     110     131
Loss on GSE debt extinguishment and defeasance             118         221
Operating expenses     122     117     109     479     409
   
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     413     443     251     1,628     1,209
Income taxes     153     164     85     602     430
   
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     260     279     166     1,026     779
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries                 2    
   
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 260   $ 279   $ 166   $ 1,024   $ 779
   
 
 
 
 

23


Consolidation Loan Activity

        The following tables present the effect of Consolidation Loan activity on our Managed FFELP portfolio.

 
  Quarters ended
 
 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford
and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  FFELP
Stafford
and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  FFELP
Stafford
and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

 
Beginning Managed balance   $ 43,082   $ 62,161   $ 105,243   $ 47,126   $ 55,875   $ 103,001   $ 46,613   $ 40,878   $ 87,491  
Acquisitions     3,010     525     3,535     3,993     791     4,784     4,402     5,539     9,941  
Incremental Consolidations from third parties         1,526     1,526         1,308     1,308         982     982  
Internal Consolidations(2)     (2,921 )   2,921         (5,250 )   5,250         (2,468 )   2,468      
Consolidations to third parties     (1,137 )   (920 )   (2,057 )   (979 )   (320 )   (1,299 )   (517 )   (87 )   (604 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other     (1,376 )   (779 )   (2,155 )   (1,808 )   (743 )   (2,551 )   (1,240 )   (614 )   (1,854 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Managed balance   $ 40,658   $ 65,434   $ 106,092   $ 43,082   $ 62,161   $ 105,243   $ 46,790   $ 49,166   $ 95,956  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Years ended

 
 
  December 31, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford
and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

  FFELP
Stafford
and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total
FFELP

 
Beginning Managed balance   $ 46,791   $ 49,165   $ 95,956   $ 45,554   $ 34,930   $ 80,484  
Acquisitions     17,198     1,970     19,168     16,856     6,246     23,102  
Incremental Consolidations from third parties         4,670     4,670         2,609     2,609  
Internal Consolidations(2)     (14,011 )   14,011         (7,687 )   7,687      
Consolidations to third parties     (3,089 )   (1,580 )   (4,669 )   (1,780 )   (314 )   (2,094 )
Repayments/claims/resales/other     (6,231 )   (2,802 )   (9,033 )   (6,153 )   (1,992 )   (8,145 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Managed balance   $ 40,658   $ 65,434   $ 106,092   $ 46,790   $ 49,166   $ 95,956  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

(2)
On a Managed Basis, internal Consolidations include FFELP student loans in securitization trusts that were consolidated back on balance sheet. Such loans totaled $1.6 billion, $3.2 billion and $1.6 billion for the three months ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively and $8.7 billion and $5.5 billion for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

        The increase in FFELP Stafford and other Consolidations to third parties is primarily due to some FFELP lenders consolidating these loans using the Direct Lending program as a pass-through entity to circumvent the statutory prohibition on the FFELP reconsolidation of FFELP Consolidation Loans. Pending legislation eliminates this practice by June 30, 2006, but we are working with others in the industry to end it before June 30, 2006 because we believe that this practice is improper and not permitted by current regulations. If this practice is not ended before June 30, 2006, we expect to experience additional increases in consolidations to third parties through such time.

24


Summary of our Managed Student Loan Portfolio

        The following tables summarize the components of our Managed student loan portfolio and show the changing composition of our portfolio.

Ending Balances:

 
  December 31, 2005
 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 19,988   $ 54,859   $ 74,847   $ 7,757   $ 82,604  
Off-balance sheet     20,670     10,575     31,245     8,680     39,925  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 40,658   $ 65,434   $ 106,092   $ 16,437   $ 122,529  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     27 %   73 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     38 %   62 %   100 %            
% of Total     33 %   54 %   87 %   13 %   100 %
 
 
September 30, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 22,354   $ 51,193   $ 73,547   $ 8,079   $ 81,626  
Off-balance sheet     20,728     10,968     31,696     7,312     39,008  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 43,082   $ 62,161   $ 105,243   $ 15,391   $ 120,634  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     30 %   70 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     41 %   59 %   100 %            
% of Total     36 %   51 %   87 %   13 %   100 %
 
 
December 31, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 18,965   $ 41,596   $ 60,561   $ 5,420   $ 65,981  
Off-balance sheet     27,825     7,570     35,395     6,062     41,457  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,790   $ 49,166   $ 95,956   $ 11,482   $ 107,438  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     31 %   69 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     49 %   51 %   100 %            
% of Total     43 %   46 %   89 %   11 %   100 %

(1)
FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

25


Average Balances:

 
 
Quarter ended December 31, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 22,062   $ 53,020   $ 75,082   $ 7,832   $ 82,914  
Off-balance sheet     19,426     10,748     30,174     8,323     38,497  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 41,488   $ 63,768   $ 105,256   $ 16,155   $ 121,411  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     29 %   71 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     39 %   61 %   100 %            
% of Total     34 %   53 %   87 %   13 %   100 %

 


 

Quarter ended September 30, 2005


 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 21,574   $ 48,774   $ 70,348   $ 7,193   $ 77,541  
Off-balance sheet     22,250     11,094     33,344     7,398     40,742  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 43,824   $ 59,868   $ 103,692   $ 14,591   $ 118,283  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     31 %   69 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     42 %   58 %   100 %            
% of Total     37 %   51 %   88 %   12 %   100 %
 
 
Quarter ended December 31, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 17,654   $ 38,374   $ 56,028   $ 5,256   $ 61,284  
Off-balance sheet     29,090     7,567     36,657     6,195     42,852  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,744   $ 45,941   $ 92,685   $ 11,451   $ 104,136  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     32 %   68 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     50 %   50 %   100 %            
% of Total     45 %   44 %   89 %   11 %   100 %
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2005

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 20,720   $ 47,082   $ 67,802   $ 6,922   $ 74,724  
Off-balance sheet     24,182     9,800     33,982     7,238     41,220  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 44,902   $ 56,882   $ 101,784   $ 14,160   $ 115,944  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     31 %   69 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     44 %   56 %   100 %            
% of Total     39 %   49 %   88 %   12 %   100 %

(1)
FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

26


 
 
Year ended December 31, 2004

 
 
  FFELP
Stafford and
Other(1)

  Consolidation
Loans

  Total FFELP
  Private
Education
Loans

  Total
 
On-balance sheet   $ 19,317   $ 31,773   $ 51,090   $ 4,795   $ 55,885  
Off-balance sheet     27,365     7,698     35,063     5,495     40,558  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total Managed   $ 46,682   $ 39,471   $ 86,153   $ 10,290   $ 96,443  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of on-balance sheet FFELP     38 %   62 %   100 %            
% of Managed FFELP     54 %   46 %   100 %            
% of Total     48 %   41 %   89 %   11 %   100 %

(1)
FFELP category is primarily Stafford loans and also includes PLUS and HEAL loans.

Student Loan Spread Analysis—Managed Basis

        The following table analyzes the "core earnings" from our portfolio of student loans on a Managed basis (see "Pre-tax Differences between 'Core Earnings' and GAAP"). This analysis includes both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet loans in securitization trusts and derivatives economically hedging these line items and excludes unhedged Floor Income while including the amortization of upfront payments on Floor Income Contracts.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Managed Basis student loan yield     7.11 %   6.55 %   5.10 %   6.32 %   4.59 %
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees     (.54 )   (.52 )   (.45 )   (.50 )   (.42 )
Offset Fees                     (.02 )
Borrower benefits     (.09 )   (.04 )   (.10 )   (.07 )   (.08 )
Premium and discount amortization     (.18 )   (.18 )   (.15 )   (.17 )   (.13 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Managed Basis student loan net yield     6.30     5.81     4.40     5.58     3.94  
Managed Basis student loan cost of funds     (4.53 )   (4.00 )   (2.60 )   (3.80 )   (2.06 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Managed Basis student loan spread     1.77 %   1.81 %   1.80 %   1.78 %   1.88 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Average Balances                                
On-balance sheet student loans   $ 82,914   $ 77,541   $ 61,284   $ 74,724   $ 55,885  
Off-balance sheet student loans     38,497     40,742     42,852     41,220     40,558  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Managed student loans   $ 121,411   $ 118,283   $ 104,136   $ 115,944   $ 96,443  
   
 
 
 
 
 

Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan Spread—Effects of Significant Events in the Quarters Presented

        There was a record level of Consolidation Loan activity in the second quarter of 2005 caused primarily by FFELP Stafford borrowers locking in lower interest rates by consolidating their loans prior to the July 1 interest rate reset for FFELP Stafford loans. In addition, borrowers were permitted for the first time to consolidate their loans while still in school. This unprecedented volume of Consolidation Loan requests resulted in a majority of the applications being processed in the third quarter. The increase to premium and discount amortization in the third quarter can mainly be attributed to this surge in Consolidation Loan activity as we write-off the balance of unamortized

27



premiums associated with loans that consolidate away from the Company as a current period expense in accordance with SFAS No. 91 (as discussed under "Net Interest Income—Student Loans").

        In the fourth quarter of 2005, a significant volume of our Consolidation Loans were consolidated with third party lenders through the Direct Lending program (see "Consolidation Loan Activity" for further discussion), which resulted in an increase in student loan premium write-offs for loans consolidated with third parties. Losing loans to consolidation benefits the student spread to a lesser extent through the write-off of borrower benefit reserves associated with these loans.

        In the third quarter of 2005, we updated our estimates for the qualification for borrower benefits to account for programmatic changes as well as the effect of continued high levels of consolidations. These updates resulted in a reduction of $21 million or seven basis points in the borrower benefits reserve in the third quarter.

Discussion of Managed Basis Student Loan Spread—Other Quarter-over-Quarter Fluctuations

        The change in the fourth quarter 2005 spread versus the third quarter of 2005, after giving effect to the items discussed above, was also impacted by the eleven percent increase in the average balance of higher yielding Private Education Loans, partially offset by the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans.

        The decrease in the Managed student loan spread versus the year-ago quarter is primarily due to the increase in the average balance of Consolidation Loans as a percentage of the Managed portfolio. Consolidation Loans have lower spreads than other FFELP loans due primarily to the 105 basis point Consolidation Loan Rebate Fee. These negative effects are partially offset by the higher SAP spread earned on Consolidation Loans and lower student loan premium amortization due to their extended term. When compared to the year-ago quarter, the fourth quarter of 2005 spread was also negatively impacted by higher premium amortization, primarily caused by the full quarterly impact of the purchase price allocation for student loans acquired in acquisitions in the fourth quarter of 2004 and by the write-off of the premium associated with loans consolidated away as discussed above.

        The fourth quarter of 2005 Managed student loan spread benefited from the increase in the average balance of Managed Private Education Loans as a percentage of the average Managed student loan portfolio from 11.0 percent in the fourth quarter of 2004 to 13.3 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005. Private Education Loans are subject to credit risk and therefore earn higher spreads, which averaged 4.83 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005 for the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio versus a spread of 1.31 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005 for the Managed guaranteed student loan portfolio.

Private Education Loans

        All Private Education Loans are initially acquired on-balance sheet. In the table below, when we securitize Private Education Loans, we reduce the on-balance sheet allowance for amounts previously provided for in the allowance and then add back this reduction for these loans in the off-balance sheet section so that on a Managed basis we are maintaining the full allowance for these loans.

        When Private Education Loans in securitized trusts become 180 days delinquent, we typically exercise our contingent call option to repurchase these loans at par value out of the trust and record a loss for the difference in the par value paid and the fair market value of the loan at the time of purchase. If these loans reach the 212-day delinquency, a charge-off for the remaining balance of the loan is triggered. On a Managed Basis, the losses recorded under GAAP at the time of repurchase of delinquent Private Education Loans from the trust are not considered losses until the loans ultimately charge off at day 212. These charge-offs are shown in the off-balance sheet section in the table below.

28


        The off-balance sheet allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment is lower than the on-balance sheet percentage because of the different mix of loans on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet. Certain loan types with higher expected default rates, such as career training and other programs with lower FICO scores, have not yet been securitized.

Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses

        The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004, and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans
 
 
  On-Balance Sheet
  Off-Balance Sheet
  Managed Basis
 
 
  Quarters ended
  Quarters ended
  Quarters ended
 
 
  Dec. 31,
2005

  Sept. 30,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Sept. 30,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Sept. 30,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 193   $ 228   $ 167   $ 79   $ 91   $ 144   $ 272   $ 319   $ 311  
  Provision for Private Education Loan losses     50     56     29     (4 )   4     2     46     60     31  
  Change in recovery methodology         (49 )           (16 )           (65 )    
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total provision     50     7     29     (4 )   (12 )   2     46     (5 )   31  
 
Charge-offs

 

 

(40

)

 

(47

)

 

(28

)

 

(1

)

 


 

 

(3

)

 

(41

)

 

(47

)

 

(31

)
  Recoveries     5     5     4                 5     5     4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net charge-offs     (35 )   (42 )   (24 )   (1 )       (3 )   (36 )   (42 )   (27 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans     208     193     172     74     79     143     282     272     315  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans     (4 )           4                      
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 204   $ 193   $ 172   $ 78   $ 79   $ 143   $ 282   $ 272   $ 315  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)     4.10 %   5.35 %   3.74 %   .02 %   %   .34 %   1.86 %   2.42 %   1.93 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     2.56 %   2.34 %   3.07 %   .89 %   1.07 %   2.31 %   1.69 %   1.74 %   2.67 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     5.57 %   6.00 %   6.05 %   1.68 %   2.13 %   4.27 %   3.40 %   3.93 %   5.08 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs (annualized)     1.45     1.15     1.75     118.00         14.11     1.99     1.62     2.91  
Average total loans   $ 7,832   $ 7,193   $ 5,256   $ 8,323   $ 7,398   $ 6,195   $ 16,155   $ 14,591   $ 11,451  
Ending total loans   $ 7,961   $ 8,272   $ 5,592   $ 8,758   $ 7,391   $ 6,205   $ 16,719   $ 15,663   $ 11,797  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,441   $ 3,150   $ 2,625   $ 4,178   $ 3,814   $ 2,980   $ 7,620   $ 6,964   $ 5,606  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,662   $ 3,220   $ 2,842   $ 4,653   $ 3,705   $ 3,352   $ 8,315   $ 6,925   $ 6,194  

29


 
  Activity in Allowance for Private Education Loans
 
 
  On-balance sheet
  Off-balance sheet
  Managed Basis
 
 
  Years ended
  Years ended
  Years ended
 
 
  Dec. 31,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

  Dec. 31,
2005

  Dec. 31,
2004

 
Allowance at beginning of period   $ 172   $ 166   $ 143   $ 93   $ 315   $ 259  
  Provision for Private Education Loan losses     186     130     3     28     189     158  
  Change in estimate     40         (60 )       (20 )    
  Change in recovery methodology     (49 )       (16 )       (65 )    
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total provision     177     130     (73 )   28     104     158  
 
Charge-offs

 

 

(154

)

 

(110

)

 

(2

)

 

(6

)

 

(156

)

 

(116

)
  Recoveries     19     14             19     14  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Net charge-offs     (135 )   (96 )   (2 )   (6 )   (137 )   (102 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance before securitization of Private Education Loans     214     200     68     115     282     315  
Reduction for securitization of Private Education Loans     (10 )   (28 )   10     28          
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance at end of period   $ 204   $ 172   $ 78   $ 143   $ 282   $ 315  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment     4.14 %   3.57 %   .07 %   .22 %   1.89 %   1.92 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance     2.56 %   3.07 %   .89 %   2.31 %   1.69 %   2.67 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment     5.57 %   6.05 %   1.68 %   4.27 %   3.40 %   5.08 %
Average coverage of net charge-offs     1.52     1.79     29.75     24.81     2.06     3.09  
Average total loans   $ 6,922   $ 4,795   $ 7,238   $ 5,495   $ 14,160   $ 10,290  
Ending total loans   $ 7,961   $ 5,592   $ 8,758   $ 6,205   $ 16,719   $ 11,797  
Average loans in repayment   $ 3,252   $ 2,697   $ 4,002   $ 2,611   $ 7,254   $ 5,307  
Ending loans in repayment   $ 3,662   $ 2,842   $ 4,653   $ 3,352   $ 8,315   $ 6,194  

        The decrease in the provision in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus the third quarter of 2005 is primarily driven by the seasonality of loans entering repayment. The majority of loans typically enter repayment in the second and fourth quarters. This increase in loans entering repayment often leads to a near-term increase in early-stage delinquencies, or forbearance usage in the first and third quarters for the affected borrowers, which in turn leads to a spike in the provision for those quarters. Therefore, all other factors being equal, the provision for loan losses will be higher in the first and third quarters. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the provision was also reduced by lower default rates based on improved default experience due to our internal DMO collection efforts on our portfolios.

        In the second quarter of 2005, we changed the methodology for estimating the allowance for loan losses and in the third quarter of 2005, we changed our estimate of future recoveries. Both of these changes resulted in a reduction of our allowance on a Managed Basis primarily through the reduction in the loss confirmation period and the extension of time over which we estimate future recoveries. As a result, the allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment decreased from 5.08 percent to 3.40 percent, and consequently the year-over-year growth rate in the provision is less than the growth rate in the portfolio. The year-over-year allowance on a Managed Basis increased by $52 million, exclusive of the adjustments related to these changes in estimate and methodology. This increase was primarily driven by the 37 percent year-over-year increase in average loans in repayment.

30


Delinquencies

        The table below presents our Private Education Loan delinquency trends as of December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004. Delinquencies have the potential to adversely impact earnings through increased servicing and collection costs in the event the delinquent accounts charge off.

 
  On-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies
 
 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 4,301       $ 5,042       $ 2,787      
Loans in forbearance(2)     303         311         166      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                                
  Loans current     3,311   90.4 %   2,873   89.2 %   2,555   89.9 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     166   4.5     145   4.5     124   4.4  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     77   2.1     75   2.3     56   2.0  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     108   3.0     127   4.0     107   3.7  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     3,662   100 %   3,220   100 %   2,842   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     8,266         8,573         5,795      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (305 )       (301 )       (203 )    
   
     
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     7,961         8,272         5,592      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (204 )       (193 )       (172 )    
   
     
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 7,757       $ 8,079       $ 5,420      
   
     
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     44.3 %       37.6 %       49.0 %    
   
     
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     9.6 %       10.8 %       10.1 %    
   
     
     
     
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet Private Education Loan Delinquencies

 
 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 3,679       $ 3,272       $ 2,622      
Loans in forbearance(2)     614         552         334      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                                
  Loans current     4,446   95.6 %   3,514   94.9 %   3,191   95.2 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     136   2.9     94   2.5     84   2.5  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     35   .7     38   1.0     28   .8  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     36   .8     59   1.6     49   1.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     4,653   100 %   3,705   100 %   3,352   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     8,946         7,529         6,308      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (188 )       (138 )       (103 )    
   
     
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     8,758         7,391         6,205      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (78 )       (79 )       (143 )    
   
     
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 8,680       $ 7,312       $ 6,062      
   
     
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     52.0 %       49.2 %       53.1 %    
   
     
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     4.4 %       5.1 %       4.8 %    
   
     
     
     

(1)
Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)
Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

31


 
  Managed Basis Private Education Loan Delinquencies
 
 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
  Balance
  %
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)   $ 7,980       $ 8,314       $ 5,409      
Loans in forbearance(2)     917         863         500      
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:                                
  Loans current     7,757   93.3 %   6,387   92.2 %   5,746   92.8 %
  Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)     302   3.6     239   3.5     208   3.3  
  Loans delinquent 61-90 days     112   1.4     113   1.6     84   1.4  
  Loans delinquent greater than 90 days     144   1.7     186   2.7     156   2.5  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Total Private Education Loans in repayment     8,315   100 %   6,925   100 %   6,194   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Private Education Loans, gross     17,212         16,102         12,103      
Private Education Loan unamortized discount     (493 )       (439 )       (306 )    
   
     
     
     
Total Private Education Loans     16,719         15,663         11,797      
Private Education Loan allowance for losses     (282 )       (272 )       (315 )    
   
     
     
     
Private Education Loans, net   $ 16,437       $ 15,391       $ 11,482      
   
     
     
     
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     48.3 %       43.0 %       51.2 %    
   
     
     
     
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment     6.7 %       7.8 %       7.2 %    
   
     
     
     

(1)
Loans for borrowers who still may be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.

(2)
Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with the established loan program servicing policies and procedures.

(3)
The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.

Forbearance—Managed Basis Private Education Loans

        Private Education Loans are made to parent and student borrowers by our lender partners in accordance with our underwriting policies. These loans generally supplement federally guaranteed student loans, which are subject to federal lending caps. Private Education Loans are not guaranteed or insured against any loss of principal or interest. Traditional student borrowers use the proceeds of these loans to obtain higher education, which increases the likelihood of obtaining employment at higher income levels than would be available without the additional education. As a result, the borrowers' repayment capability improves between the time the loan is made and the time they enter the post-education work force. We generally allow the loan repayment period on traditional Private Education Loans, except those generated by our SLM Financial subsidiary, to begin six to nine months after the student leaves school. This provides the borrower time to obtain a job to service his or her debt. For borrowers that need more time or experience other hardships, we permit additional delays in payment or partial payments (both referred to as forbearances) when we believe additional time will improve the borrower's ability to repay the loan. Our policy does not grant any reduction in the repayment obligation (principal or interest) but does allow the borrower to stop or reduce monthly payments for an agreed period of time.

32



        Forbearance is used most heavily immediately after the loan enters repayment. As indicated in the tables below showing the composition and status of the Managed Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment, the percentage of loans in forbearance decreases the longer the loans have been in repayment. At December 31, 2005, loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance is 12.2 percent for loans that have been in repayment one to twenty-four months. The percentage drops to 4.7 percent for loans that have been in repayment more than 48 months. Approximately 73 percent of our Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance have been in repayment less than 24 months. These borrowers are essentially extending their grace period as they transition to the workforce. Forbearance continues to be a positive collection tool for the Private Education Loans as we believe it can provide the borrower with sufficient time to obtain employment and income to support his or her obligation. We consider the potential impact of forbearance in the determination of the loan loss reserves.

33


        The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio by number of months aged from the first date of repayment:

 
  Months since entering repayment
 
December 31, 2005

  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
Dec. 31,
2005(1)

  Total
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 7,980   $ 7,980  
Loans in forbearance     667     173     77         917  
Loans in repayment—current     4,508     1,796     1,453         7,757  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     168     78     56         302  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     63     30     19         112  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than 90 days     72     44     28         144  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 5,478   $ 2,121   $ 1,633   $ 7,980   $ 17,212  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (493 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (282 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 16,437  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     12.2 %   8.2 %   4.7 %   %   9.9 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Months since entering repayment

 
September 30, 2005

  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
Sept. 30,
2005(1)

  Total
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 8,314   $ 8,314  
Loans in forbearance     630     150     83         863  
Loans in repayment—current     3,635     1,485     1,267         6,387  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     131     62     46         239  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     72     26     15         113  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than 90 days     100     58     28         186  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 4,568   $ 1,781   $ 1,439   $ 8,314   $ 16,102  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (439 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (272 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 15,391  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     13.8 %   8.4 %   5.8 %   %   11.1 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Months since entering repayment

 
December 31, 2004

  1 to 24
months

  25 to 48
months

  More than
48 months

  After
Dec. 31,
2005(1)

  Total
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment   $   $   $   $ 5,409   $ 5,409  
Loans in forbearance     350     103     47         500  
Loans in repayment—current     3,228     1,401     1,117         5,746  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 31-60 days     110     59     39         208  
Loans in repayment—delinquent 61-90 days     43     26     15         84  
Loans in repayment—delinquent greater than 90 days     67     56     33         156  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 3,798   $ 1,645   $ 1,251   $ 5,409   $ 12,103  
   
 
 
 
       
Unamortized discount                             (306 )
Allowance for loan losses                             (315 )
                           
 
Total Managed Private Education Loans, net                           $ 11,482  
                           
 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance     9.2 %   6.3 %   3.8 %   %   7.5 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Includes all loans in-school/grace/deferment.

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        The decrease in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance in the fourth quarter of 2005 was due to seasonality and to approximately $100 million in forbearance granted to borrowers affected by Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma, the majority of which returned to repayment status in the fourth quarter.

        The table below stratifies the portfolio of Managed Private Education Loans in forbearance by the cumulative number of months the borrower has used forbearance as of the dates indicated. As detailed in the table below, seven percent of loans currently in forbearance have been in loan repayment more than 24 months, which is unchanged versus the prior quarter and three percent lower than the year-ago period.

 
  December 31, 2005
  September 30, 2005
  December 31, 2004
 
 
  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

  Forbearance
Balance

  % of
Total

 
Cumulative number of months borrower has used forbearance                                
1 to 12 months   $ 690   75 % $ 646   75 % $ 334   66 %
13 to 24 months     162   18     154   18     117   24  
25 to 36 months     43   5     40   4     30   6  
More than 36 months     22   2     23   3     19   4  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 917   100 % $ 863   100 % $ 500   100 %
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

Allowance for FFELP Student Loan Losses

        The current Higher Education draft legislation from the Budget Reconciliation Conference Report (see "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS" below for a full update of the Higher Education Act Reauthorization) contains provisions that could affect the level of default insurance on FFELP loans. The current bill would reduce the level of default insurance to 97 percent from 98 percent (effectively increasing Risk Sharing from two percent to three percent) on loans disbursed after July 1, 2006 for lenders without the Exceptional Performer ("EP") designation. Furthermore, the bill would reduce the default insurance paid to lenders/servicers with the Exceptional Performer designation to 99 percent from 100 percent on claims filed after July 1, 2006.

        The Budget Reconciliation Bill has passed the Senate and we anticipate that it will be passed by the House of Representatives in early 2006 without modification to this default insurance provision. Because we believe passage by the House is highly probable, we established a risk-sharing allowance as of December 31, 2005 for an estimate of losses on FFELP Student Loans based on the one percent reduction in default insurance for servicers with the EP designation. As a result we provided for additional reserves of $10 million for on-balance sheet FFELP loans and $19 million for Managed FFELP loans.

Total Loan Net Charge-offs

        The following tables summarize the total loan net charge-offs on both an on-balance sheet basis and a Managed Basis for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

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    Total on-balance sheet loan net charge-offs

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  Private Education Loans   $ 35   $ 42   $ 24   $ 135   $ 96
  FFELP Loans     1     1     2     4     7
  Mortgage and consumer loans     1     1     2     5     6
   
 
 
 
 
Total On-balance sheet loan net charge-offs   $ 37   $ 44   $ 28   $ 144   $ 109
   
 
 
 
 

    Total Managed loan net charge-offs

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  Private Education Loans   $ 36   $ 42   $ 27   $ 137   $ 102
  FFELP Loans     1     1     5     4     19
  Mortgage and consumer loans     1     1     2     5     6
   
 
 
 
 
Total Managed loan net charge-offs   $ 38   $ 44   $ 34   $ 146   $ 127
   
 
 
 
 

Other Income

        The following table summarizes the components of other income for our Lending business segment for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Late fees   $ 22   $ 23   $ 20   $ 89   $ 92  
Gains on sales of mortgages and other loan fees     4     6     6     18     22  
Losses on investments, net         (35 )       (32 )   (23 )
Other     12     6     10     35     40  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total other income   $ 38   $   $ 36   $ 110   $ 131  
   
 
 
 
 
 

        The net losses on investments in the prior quarter primarily relates to the $39 million leveraged lease impairment reserve recorded in the third quarter, for the impairment of an aircraft leased to Northwest Airlines, which declared bankruptcy in September 2005.

        At December 31, 2005, we had investments in leveraged and direct financing leases, net of impairments, totaling $122 million that are the general obligations of American Airlines and Federal Express Corporation. Based on an analysis of the potential losses on certain leveraged leases plus the increase in incremental tax obligations related to the forgiveness of debt obligations and/or the taxable gain on the sale of the aircraft, our remaining after-tax accounting exposure from our investment in commercial airlines is $56 million at December 31, 2005.

Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses for our Lending business segment include costs incurred to service our Managed student loan portfolio and acquire student loans, as well as other general and administrative expenses.

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        In the fourth quarter of 2004, we recognized a $118 million loss on the repurchase and defeasance of approximately $1.3 billion of GSE debt in connection with the Wind-Down of the GSE.

DEBT MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS ("DMO") BUSINESS SEGMENT

        The following table includes "core earnings" results for our DMO business segment.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

Fee income   $ 99   $ 93   $ 76   $ 360   $ 300
Collections revenue     48     42     34     167     39
   
 
 
 
 
Total revenue     147     135     110     527     339
Operating expenses     83     72     60     283     159
   
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes and minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     64     63     50     244     180
Income taxes     23     23     17     91     65
   
 
 
 
 
Income before minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     41     40     33     153     115
Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries     1     1     1     4     1
   
 
 
 
 
Net income   $ 40   $ 39   $ 32   $ 149   $ 114
   
 
 
 
 

DMO Revenue by Product

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004(2)

 
Purchase paper collections revenue   $ 48   $ 42   $ 34   $ 167   $ 39  
Contingency:                                
  Contingency—Student loans     63     66     59     258     253  
  Contingency—Other     27     9     8     55     18  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total contingency     90     75     67     313     271  
Other     9     18     9     47     29  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total   $ 147   $ 135   $ 110   $ 527   $ 339  
   
 
 
 
 
 
USA Funds(1)   $ 44   $ 47   $ 43   $ 180   $ 190  
   
 
 
 
 
 
% of total DMO revenue     30 %   35 %   39 %   34 %   56 %
   
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
United Student Aid Funds, Inc. ("USA Funds")

(2)
Includes revenue attributed to AFS for the period from September 16 to December 31.

        On August 31, 2005, we acquired 100 percent of GRP Financial Services ("GRP"), a debt management company that acquires and manages portfolios of sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans, substantially all of which are secured by one-to-four family residential real estate. In addition, on December 22, 2005, we acquired an additional 12 percent ownership stake in Arrow Financial Services ("AFS"), bringing our ownership to 76 percent.

        The $12 million increase in DMO revenue in the fourth quarter of 2005 over the third quarter of 2005 is due to contingency fee revenue earned from state tax collections included in the "Contingency-Other" line item and to higher purchase paper collections revenue earned by GRP. The $37 million, or 34 percent, increase in DMO revenue for the fourth quarter of 2005 compared to the fourth quarter of 2004 can be attributed to the year-over-year growth in the purchase paper businesses of AFS (acquired in September 2004) and to revenue generated by GRP (acquired in August 2005). Contingency fee revenue increased by $23 million, or 34 percent, to $90 million for the fourth quarter of 2005 versus

37



the year-ago period. The year-over-year growth in contingency fee revenue was primarily driven by the addition of state tax revenue business and by the growth in guaranty agency collections.

Purchase Paper—Non-Mortgage

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004(1)

 
Face value of purchases   $ 1,083   $ 330   $ 349   $ 2,830   $ 426  
Purchase price     108     25     15     198     19  
% of face value purchased     10.0 %   7.5 %   4.3 %   7.0 %   4.5 %
Gross Cash Collections ("GCC")   $ 71   $ 61   $ 50   $ 250   $ 59  
Purchase paper revenue     41     39     34     157     39  
% of GCC     58 %   64 %   68 %   63 %   66 %
Carrying value of purchases   $ 158   $ 81   $ 52   $ 158   $ 52  

(1)
Includes revenue for AFS for the period from September 16 to December 31.

        The amount of face value purchases in any quarter is a function of a combination of factors including the average age of the portfolio, the type of receivable, and competition in the marketplace. As a result, the percentage of principal purchased will vary from quarter to quarter. The decrease in purchase paper revenue as a percentage of GCC can primarily be attributed to the significant increase in the purchase of new portfolios as revenue recognition generally lacks cash collection in the early stages of servicing a portfolio.

Purchase Paper—Mortgage/Properties

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Face value of purchases   $ 131   $ 34   $   $ 165   $  
Purchase paper revenue     7     3         10      
Collateral value of purchases     190     42         232      
Purchase price     109     32         141      
% of collateral value     57 %   76 %   %   61 %   %
Carrying value of purchases   $ 298   $ 238   $   $ 298   $  

        The purchase price for sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans is generally determined as a percentage of the collateral. Fluctuations in the purchase price as a percentage of collateral value can be caused by a number of factors including the percentage of second mortgages in the portfolio and the level of private mortgage insurance.

Contingency Inventory

        The following table presents the outstanding inventory of defaulted loans that are currently being serviced through our DMO business.

 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

Contingency:                  
  Contingency—Student loans   $ 7,205   $ 6,985   $ 6,869
  Contingency—Other     2,178     2,106     1,756
   
 
 
Total   $ 9,383   $ 9,091   $ 8,625
   
 
 

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Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses for our DMO business segment increased by $11 million, or 15 percent, to $83 million for the three months ended December 31, 2005 versus the prior quarter, primarily due to increased expenses for new state tax collection initiatives, the inclusion of GRP's operating expenses and collection costs associated with a large fourth quarter portfolio purchase. The increases in DMO contingency fee expenses are consistent with the growth in revenue and accounts serviced, as a high percentage of DMO expenses are variable. When compared to the year-ago quarter, operating expenses increased by $23 million or 38 percent. This is due to the items discussed above and the overall growth of the business.

CORPORATE AND OTHER BUSINESS SEGMENT

        The following table includes "core earnings" results for our Corporate and Other business segment.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

 
Fee income   $ 21   $ 36   $ 29   $ 115   $ 120  
Other income     28     36     31     126     130  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue     49     72     60     241     250  
Operating expenses     74     82     86     308     291  
   
 
 
 
 
 
Loss before income taxes     (25 )   (10 )   (26 )   (67 )   (41 )
Income tax benefit     (9 )   (4 )   (8 )   (25 )   (15 )
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss   $ (16 ) $ (6 ) $ (18 ) $ (42 ) $ (26 )
   
 
 
 
 
 

Fee and Other Income

        The following table summarizes the components of fee and other income for our Corporate and Other business segment for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004.

 
  Quarters ended
  Years ended
 
  December 31,
2005

  September 30,
2005

  December 31,
2004

  December 31,
2005

  December 31,
2004

Guarantor servicing fees   $ 21   $ 36   $ 29   $ 115   $ 120
Loan servicing fees     8     11     14     44     52
Other     20     25     17     82     78
   
 
 
 
 
Total fee and other income   $ 49   $ 72   $ 60   $ 241   $ 250
   
 
 
 
 

        The reduction in guarantor servicing fees can primarily be attributed to the seasonality of the issuance fee, and to an $8 million reduction in account maintenance fees caused by a cap on payments from the Department of Education to guarantors. This cap is removed by pending legislation that will not go into effect before October 1, 2006, so it will negatively impact guarantor servicing earnings at least through that date.

        USA Funds, the nation's largest guarantee agency, accounted for 79 percent, 79 percent and 86 percent, respectively, of guarantor servicing fees for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, and 82 percent and 85 percent, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004. Also, other income includes 22 percent, 29 percent, and 15 percent, respectively, of revenues earned from USA Funds for the quarters ended December 31, 2005, September 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004.

39



Operating Expenses

        Operating expenses for our Corporate and Other business segment include costs incurred to service loans for unrelated third parties and to perform guarantor servicing on behalf of guarantee agencies, and general and administrative expenses associated with these businesses. Operating expenses also include unallocated corporate overhead expenses which include centralized headquarters functions such as executive management, accounting and finance, human resources and marketing. Our corporate overhead also includes a portion of information technology expenses related to these functions. The decrease in operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2005 versus the third quarter can primarily be attributed to seasonally reduced marketing expenses, a third quarter contribution to the Sallie Mae fund, and lower legal expenses.

Treasury Stock Retirement

        In October 2005, the Board of Directors voted to retire 65 million shares of common stock held in treasury, effective in December 2005. Based on an average price of $37.35 per share, this retirement decreased the balance in treasury stock by $2.4 billion, with corresponding decreases of $13 million in common stock and $2.4 billion in retained earnings.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Higher Education Act Reauthorization

        In December, the House and Senate each approved a budget reconciliation bill that included identical language reauthorizing the student loan provisions of the Higher Education Act ("HEA"). Because several provisions of the budget bill (unrelated to student loans) were struck from the Senate version of the bill (for technical reasons) before final Senate passage, the House still needs to vote again on final passage of the bill as amended by the Senate. We expect the House to take this step in early February with no change to the bill's student loan provisions, and for the President to sign the bill and enact it into law shortly thereafter.

        The overall budget bill cuts approximately $40 billion in spending over five years, with more than $12.7 billion coming from student loan programs. The vast majority of the savings are generated by the combination of lenders rebating floor income and a shift to fixed borrower rates. The major student loan provisions of the bill include the following, with effective dates generally July 1, 2006 unless otherwise indicated:

    Borrower rates shift to fixed 6.8 percent for Stafford and 8.5 percent for PLUS; consolidation loans remain as average of underlying loan rates.

    Lenders rebate floor income on new loans.

    Borrower origination fees are gradually reduced to zero in FFELP by 2010, and to one percent in Direct Loan program by 2010.

    Collection of one percent FFELP guaranty fee is mandated for all guarantors, which can be paid on behalf of the borrower by lenders or guarantors.

    Lender reinsurance is reduced to 99 percent with exceptional performer designation for claims filed after July 1, 2006, and 97 percent without designation on loans disbursed after July 1, 2006.

    "Super 2-Step" and in-school consolidation loopholes will be closed as of July 1, 2006.

    Recycling of 9.5 percent loans is prohibited as of date of enactment, and other 9.5 percent reforms enacted in 2004 are made permanent.

    The limitation on SAP for PLUS loans made after January 1, 2000 is repealed.

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    Loan limits are increased as of July 1, 2007.

    A moratorium on new schools-as-lender is created after April 1, 2006, and additional requirements are created for schools continuing to participate in this program.

    Graduate students become eligible to take out PLUS loans.

    Compensation for guarantor collections via loan consolidation is reduced from a maximum of 18.5 percent to 10 percent, along with a cap on the proportion of collection via consolidations. Requirements for collections via loan rehabilitations are made somewhat easier.

    New grant programs are available for Pell-eligible students.

        The budget bill does not end the single holder rule affecting loan consolidations, although Congress may do so in the future.

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SLM CORPORATION SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOURTH QUARTER 2005 (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)